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2281:, by Sophocles) from the fifth century BC. In English, it is often distinguished from its antecedent by being pronounced in its original French form, approximately "Ante-GĆN." The play was first performed in Paris on 6 February 1944, during the Nazi occupation of France. Produced under Nazi censorship, the play is purposefully ambiguous with regards to the rejection of authority (represented by Antigone) and the acceptance of it (represented by Creon). The parallels to the French Resistance and the Nazi occupation have been drawn. Antigone rejects life as desperately meaningless but without affirmatively choosing a noble death. The crux of the play is the lengthy dialogue concerning the nature of power, fate, and choice, during which Antigone says that she is, "... disgusted with ...promise of a humdrum happiness." She states that she would rather die than live a mediocre existence.
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dialectician, so also his form is none of these directly. His form must first and last be related to existence, and in this regard he must have at his disposal the poetic, the ethical, the dialectical, the religious. Subordinate character, setting, etc., which belong to the well-balanced character of the esthetic production, are in themselves breadth; the subjective thinker has only one settingâexistenceâand has nothing to do with localities and such things. The setting is not the fairyland of the imagination, where poetry produces consummation, nor is the setting laid in
England, and historical accuracy is not a concern. The setting is inwardness in existing as a human being; the concretion is the relation of the existence-categories to one another. Historical accuracy and historical actuality are breadth.
775:. However, it has seen widespread use in existentialist writings, and the conclusions drawn differ slightly from the phenomenological accounts. The Other is the experience of another free subject who inhabits the same world as a person does. In its most basic form, it is this experience of the Other that constitutes intersubjectivity and objectivity. To clarify, when one experiences someone else, and this Other person experiences the world (the same world that a person experiences)âonly from "over there"âthe world is constituted as objective in that it is something that is "there" as identical for both of the subjects; a person experiences the other person as experiencing the same things. This experience of the Other's look is what is termed the Look (sometimes the
1321:(1927). A dramatist as well as a philosopher, Marcel found his philosophical starting point in a condition of metaphysical alienation: the human individual searching for harmony in a transient life. Harmony, for Marcel, was to be sought through "secondary reflection", a "dialogical" rather than "dialectical" approach to the world, characterized by "wonder and astonishment" and open to the "presence" of other people and of God rather than merely to "information" about them. For Marcel, such presence implied more than simply being there (as one thing might be in the presence of another thing); it connoted "extravagant" availability, and the willingness to put oneself at the disposal of the other.
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existentialism, it also acts as a kind of limitation of freedom. This is because the Look tends to objectify what it sees. When one experiences oneself in the Look, one does not experience oneself as nothing (no thing), but as something (some thing). In Sartre's example of a man peeping at someone through a keyhole, the man is entirely caught up in the situation he is in. He is in a pre-reflexive state where his entire consciousness is directed at what goes on in the room. Suddenly, he hears a creaking floorboard behind him and he becomes aware of himself as seen by the Other. He is then filled with shame for he perceives himself as he would perceive someone else doing what he was doingâas a
689:." This can be more easily understood when considering facticity in relation to the temporal dimension of our past: one's past is what one is, meaning that it is what has formed the person who exists in the present. However, to say that one is only one's past would ignore the change a person undergoes in the present and future, while saying that one's past is only what one was, would entirely detach it from the present self. A denial of one's concrete past constitutes an inauthentic lifestyle, and also applies to other kinds of facticity (having a human bodyâe.g., one that does not allow a person to run faster than the speed of soundâidentity, values, etc.).
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in stone" (as being past, for instance), it cannot determine a person: the value ascribed to one's facticity is still ascribed to it freely by that person. As an example, consider two men, one of whom has no memory of his past and the other who remembers everything. Both have committed many crimes, but the first man, remembering nothing, leads a rather normal life while the second man, feeling trapped by his own past, continues a life of crime, blaming his own past for "trapping" him in this life. There is nothing essential about his committing crimes, but he ascribes this meaning to his past.
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context relates to the inherent insecurity about the consequences of one's actions and to the fact that, in experiencing freedom as angst, one also realizes that one is fully responsible for these consequences. There is nothing in people (genetically, for instance) that acts in their steadâthat they can blame if something goes wrong. Therefore, not every choice is perceived as having dreadful possible consequences (and, it can be claimed, human lives would be unbearable if every choice facilitated dread). However, this does not change the fact that freedom remains a condition of every action.
1407:
2079:
1437:, in 1943, but it was in the two years following the liberation of Paris from the German occupying forces that he and his close associatesâCamus, Simone de Beauvoir, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and othersâbecame internationally famous as the leading figures of a movement known as existentialism. In a very short period of time, Camus and Sartre in particular became the leading public intellectuals of post-war France, achieving by the end of 1945 "a fame that reached across all audiences." Camus was an editor of the most popular leftist (former
813:, is a term common to many existentialist thinkers. It is generally held to be a negative feeling arising from the experience of human freedom and responsibility. The archetypal example is the experience one has when standing on a cliff where one not only fears falling off it, but also dreads the possibility of throwing oneself off. In this experience that "nothing is holding me back", one senses the lack of anything that predetermines one to either throw oneself off or to stand still, and one experiences one's own freedom.
1307:. Berdyaev drew a radical distinction between the world of spirit and the everyday world of objects. Human freedom, for Berdyaev, is rooted in the realm of spirit, a realm independent of scientific notions of causation. To the extent the individual human being lives in the objective world, he is estranged from authentic spiritual freedom. "Man" is not to be interpreted naturalistically, but as a being created in God's image, an originator of free, creative acts. He published a major work on these themes,
63:
1695:
498:, Heidegger implied that Sartre misunderstood him for his own purposes of subjectivism, and that he did not mean that actions take precedence over being so long as those actions were not reflected upon. Heidegger commented that "the reversal of a metaphysical statement remains a metaphysical statement", meaning that he thought Sartre had simply switched the roles traditionally attributed to essence and existence without interrogating these concepts and their history.
74:
513:
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is facticity, but not to the degree that this facticity determines one's transcendent choices (one could then blame one's background for making the choice one made ). Facticity, in relation to authenticity, involves acting on one's actual values when making a choice (instead of, like
Kierkegaard's Aesthete, "choosing" randomly), so that one takes responsibility for the act instead of choosing either-or without allowing the options to have different values.
83:
12088:
2203:, in which two men divert themselves while they wait expectantly for someone (or something) named Godot who never arrives. They claim Godot is an acquaintance, but in fact, hardly know him, admitting they would not recognize him if they saw him. Samuel Beckett, once asked who or what Godot is, replied, "If I knew, I would have said so in the play." To occupy themselves, the men eat, sleep, talk, argue, sing, play games,
753:, Sartre uses the example of a waiter in "bad faith". He merely takes part in the "act" of being a typical waiter, albeit very convincingly. This image usually corresponds to a social norm, but this does not mean that all acting in accordance with social norms is inauthentic. The main point is the attitude one takes to one's own freedom and responsibility and the extent to which one acts in accordance with this freedom.
54:
624:
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327:, defining existentialism has been relatively difficult, and he argues that it is better understood as a general approach used to reject certain systematic philosophies rather than as a systematic philosophy itself. In a lecture delivered in 1945, Sartre described existentialism as "the attempt to draw all the consequences from a position of consistent
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finding meaning in freedom. To try to suppress feelings of anxiety and dread, people confine themselves within everyday experience, Sartre asserted, thereby relinquishing their freedom and acquiescing to being possessed in one form or another by "the Look" of "the Other" (i.e., possessed by another personâor at least one's idea of that other person).
437:". Instead, the phrase should be taken to say that people are defined only insofar as they act and that they are responsible for their actions. Someone who acts cruelly towards other people is, by that act, defined as a cruel person. Such persons are themselves responsible for their new identity (cruel persons). This is opposed to their genes, or
2265:, impersonating other characters, and interrupting each other or remaining silent for long periods of time. The two characters are portrayed as two clowns or fools in a world beyond their understanding. They stumble through philosophical arguments while not realizing the implications, and muse on the irrationality and randomness of the world.
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mode of not being it (essentially). An example of one focusing solely on possible projects without reflecting on one's current facticity: would be someone who continually thinks about future possibilities related to being rich (e.g. a better car, bigger house, better quality of life, etc.) without acknowledging the facticity of
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commandments upon them, but as though they are inside them and guiding them from inside. This is the task
Kierkegaard takes up when he asks: "Who has the more difficult task: the teacher who lectures on earnest things a meteor's distance from everyday lifeâor the learner who should put it to use?" Philosophers such as
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and then finds their being-thing compromised, they would normally be found in a state of despairâa hopeless state. For example, a singer who loses the ability to sing may despair if they have nothing else to fall back onânothing to rely on for their identity. They find themselves unable to be what defined their being.
1231:, emphasized the life of "flesh and bone" as opposed to that of abstract rationalism. Unamuno rejected systematic philosophy in favor of the individual's quest for faith. He retained a sense of the tragic, even absurd nature of the quest, symbolized by his enduring interest in the eponymous character from the
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wove into their plays the existentialist belief that we are absurd beings loose in a universe empty of real meaning. Esslin noted that many of these playwrights demonstrated the philosophy better than did the plays by Sartre and Camus. Though most of such playwrights, subsequently labeled "Absurdist"
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ego. For Marcel, philosophy was a concrete activity undertaken by a sensing, feeling human being incarnateâembodiedâin a concrete world. Although Sartre adopted the term "existentialism" for his own philosophy in the 1940s, Marcel's thought has been described as "almost diametrically opposed" to that
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that "There is only one truly serious philosophical problem, and that is suicide." Although "prescriptions" against the possible deleterious consequences of these kinds of encounters vary, from
Kierkegaard's religious "stage" to Camus' insistence on persevering in spite of absurdity, the concern with
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or "behind closed doors"), which is the source of the popular quote, "Hell is other people." (In French, "L'enfer, c'est les autres"). The play begins with a Valet leading a man into a room that the audience soon realizes is in hell. Eventually he is joined by two women. After their entry, the Valet
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man his qualities-- neither God, nor society, nor his parents and ancestors, nor he himself...No one is responsible for man's being there at all, for his being such-and-such, or for his being in these circumstances or in this environment...Man is not the effect of some special purpose of a will, and
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What sets the existentialist notion of despair apart from the conventional definition is that existentialist despair is a state one is in even when they are not overtly in despair. So long as a person's identity depends on qualities that can crumble, they are in perpetual despairâand as there is, in
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Despair is generally defined as a loss of hope. In existentialism, it is more specifically a loss of hope in reaction to a breakdown in one or more of the defining qualities of one's self or identity. If a person is invested in being a particular thing, such as a bus driver or an upstanding citizen,
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involves the idea that one has to "create oneself" and live in accordance with this self. For an authentic existence, one should act as oneself, not as "one's acts" or as "one's genes" or as any other essence requires. The authentic act is one in accordance with one's freedom. A component of freedom
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and existentialism are distinct philosophies, they are often confused with one another since both are rooted in the human experience of anguish and confusion that stems from the apparent meaninglessness of a world in which humans are compelled to find or create meaning. A primary cause of confusion
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Facticity is a limitation and a condition of freedom. It is a limitation in that a large part of one's facticity consists of things one did not choose (birthplace, etc.), but a condition of freedom in the sense that one's values most likely depend on it. However, even though one's facticity is "set
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not in a modal fashion, i.e. as necessary features, but in a teleological fashion: "an essence is the relational property of having a set of parts ordered in such a way as to collectively perform some activity". For example, it belongs to the essence of a house to keep the bad weather out, which is
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are often seen as historical conveniences in as much as they were first applied to many philosophers long after they had died. While existentialism is generally considered to have originated with
Kierkegaard, the first prominent existentialist philosopher to adopt the term as a self-description was
222:
Existentialist philosophy encompasses a range of perspectives, but it shares certain underlying concepts. Among these, a central tenet of existentialism is that personal freedom, individual responsibility, and deliberate choice are essential to the pursuit of self-discovery and the determination of
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composed literature or poetry that contained, to varying degrees, elements of existential or proto-existential thought. The philosophy's influence even reached pulp literature shortly after the turn of the 20th century, as seen in the existential disparity witnessed in Man's lack of control of his
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The
Norwegian philosopher Erik Lundestad refers to the Danish philosopher Fredrik Christian Sibbern. Sibbern is supposed to have had two conversations in 1841, the first with Welhaven and the second with Kierkegaard. It is in the first conversation that it is believed that Welhaven came up with "a
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Aside from their reaction against Freud's mechanistic, deterministic model of the mind and their assumption of a phenomenological approach in therapy, the existentialist analysts have little in common and have never been regarded as a cohesive ideological school. These thinkersâwho include Ludwig
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to demonstrate the futility of existence. In the myth, Sisyphus is condemned for eternity to roll a rock up a hill, but when he reaches the summit, the rock will roll to the bottom again. Camus believes that this existence is pointless but that
Sisyphus ultimately finds meaning and purpose in his
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Kierkegaard and
Nietzsche were two of the first philosophers considered fundamental to the existentialist movement, though neither used the term "existentialism" and it is unclear whether they would have supported the existentialism of the 20th century. They focused on subjective human experience
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at all. Love hopes all thingsâyet is never put to shame. To relate oneself expectantly to the possibility of the good is to hope. To relate oneself expectantly to the possibility of evil is to fear. By the decision to choose hope one decides infinitely more than it seems, because it is an eternal
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When the God-forsaken worldliness of earthly life shuts itself in complacency, the confined air develops poison, the moment gets stuck and stands still, the prospect is lost, a need is felt for a refreshing, enlivening breeze to cleanse the air and dispel the poisonous vapors lest we suffocate in
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However, to disregard one's facticity during the continual process of self-making, projecting oneself into the future, would be to put oneself in denial of the conditions shaping the present self and would be inauthentic. The origin of one's projection must still be one's facticity, though in the
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Heidegger read Sartre's work and was initially impressed, commenting: "Here for the first time I encountered an independent thinker who, from the foundations up, has experienced the area out of which I think. Your work shows such an immediate comprehension of my philosophy as I have never before
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rather than the objective truths of mathematics and science, which they believed were too detached or observational to truly get at the human experience. Like Pascal, they were interested in people's quiet struggle with the apparent meaninglessness of life and the use of diversion to escape from
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studying the words more as a recollection of events. This is in contrast to looking at a collection of "truths" that are outside and unrelated to the reader, but may develop a sense of reality/God. Such a reader is not obligated to follow the commandments as if an external agent is forcing these
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Another characteristic feature of the Look is that no Other really needs to have been there: It is possible that the creaking floorboard was simply the movement of an old house; the Look is not some kind of mystical telepathic experience of the actual way the Other sees one (there may have been
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The absurd contrasts with the claim that "bad things don't happen to good people"; to the world, metaphorically speaking, there is no such thing as a good person or a bad person; what happens happens, and it may just as well happen to a "good" person as to a "bad" person. Because of the world's
1591:, the latter being "consideredâto what would have been Camus's irritationâthe exemplary existentialist novel." Camus, like many others, rejected the existentialist label, and considered his works concerned with facing the absurd. In the titular book, Camus uses the analogy of the Greek myth of
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Like
Kierkegaard, Sartre saw problems with rationality, calling it a form of "bad faith", an attempt by the self to impose structure on a world of phenomenaâ"the Other"âthat is fundamentally irrational and random. According to Sartre, rationality and other forms of bad faith hinder people from
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It can also be seen in relation to the previous point how angst is before nothing, and this is what sets it apart from fear that has an object. While one can take measures to remove an object of fear, for angst no such "constructive" measures are possible. The use of the word "nothing" in this
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is an abstract form that also must inevitably run into trouble whenever it is to be applied to the concrete. To the same degree as the subjective thinker is concrete, to that same degree his form must also be concretely dialectical. But just as he himself is not a poet, not an ethicist, not a
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as an explanation for anxiety. The assertion is that anxiety is manifested of an individual's complete freedom to decide, and complete responsibility for the outcome of such decisions. Psychotherapists using an existentialist approach believe that a patient can harness his anxiety and use it
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perspective, which establishes that life's purpose is the fulfillment of God's commandments. This is what gives meaning to people's lives. To live the life of the absurd means rejecting a life that finds or pursues specific meaning for man's existence since there is nothing to be discovered.
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While this experience, in its basic phenomenological sense, constitutes the world as objective and oneself as objectively existing subjectivity (one experiences oneself as seen in the Other's Look in precisely the same way that one experiences the Other as seen by him, as subjectivity), in
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Sartre is committed to a radical conception of freedom: nothing fixes our purpose but we ourselves, our projects have no weight or inertia except for our endorsement of them. Simone de
Beauvoir, on the other hand, holds that there are various factors, grouped together under the term
2215:." The play also illustrates an attitude toward human experience on earth: the poignancy, oppression, camaraderie, hope, corruption, and bewilderment of human experience that can be reconciled only in the mind and art of the absurdist. The play examines questions such as death, the
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end..." Within this view, Nietzsche ties in his rejection of the existence of God, which he sees as a means to "redeem the world." By rejecting the existence of God, Nietzsche also rejects beliefs that claim humans have a predestined purpose according to what God has instructed.
1143:, in that they define the nature of their own existence. Nietzsche's idealized individual invents his own values and creates the very terms they excel under. By contrast, Kierkegaard, opposed to the level of abstraction in Hegel, and not nearly as hostile (actually welcoming) to
450:: "Man first of all exists, encounters himself, surges up in the worldâand defines himself afterwards." The more positive, therapeutic aspect of this is also implied: a person can choose to act in a different way, and to be a good person instead of a cruel person.
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in existentialism is related to the limits of responsibility one bears, as a result of one's freedom. The relationship between freedom and responsibility is one of interdependency and a clarification of freedom also clarifies that for which one is responsible.
331:". For others, existentialism need not involve the rejection of God, but rather "examines mortal man's search for meaning in a meaningless universe", considering less "What is the good life?" (to feel, be, or do, good), instead asking "What is life good for?".
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The notion of the absurd contains the idea that there is no meaning in the world beyond what meaning we give it. This meaninglessness also encompasses the amorality or "unfairness" of the world. This can be highlighted in the way it opposes the traditional
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Existentialism is associated with several 19th- and 20th-century European philosophers who shared an emphasis on the human subject, despite often profound differences in thought. Among the earliest figures associated with existentialism are philosophers
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helping people avoid living their lives in ways that put them in the perpetual danger of having everything meaningful break down is common to most existentialist philosophers. The possibility of having everything meaningful break down poses a threat of
1676:), he attempted to reinvigorate what he perceived as a pessimistic philosophy and bring it to a wider audience. He was not, however, academically trained, and his work was attacked by professional philosophers for lack of rigor and critical standards.
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are themselves products of past choices and can be changed by choosing differently in the present, but such changes happen slowly. They are a force of inertia that shapes the agent's evaluative outlook on the world until the transition is complete.
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leaves and the door is shut and locked. All three expect to be tortured, but no torturer arrives. Instead, they realize they are there to torture each other, which they do effectively by probing each other's sins, desires, and unpleasant memories.
701:. In this example, considering both facticity and transcendence, an authentic mode of being would be considering future projects that might improve one's current finances (e.g. putting in extra hours, or investing savings) in order to arrive at a
1288:, published in 1922. For Buber, the fundamental fact of human existence, too readily overlooked by scientific rationalism and abstract philosophical thought, is "man with man", a dialogue that takes place in the so-called "sphere of between" (
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of the two; life becomes absurd due to the incompatibility between human beings and the world they inhabit. This view constitutes one of the two interpretations of the absurd in existentialist literature. The second view, first elaborated by
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and our awareness of death. Kierkegaard advocated rationality as a means to interact with the objective world (e.g., in the natural sciences), but when it comes to existential problems, reason is insufficient: "Human reason has boundaries".
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is a possible means for an individual to reach a higher stage of existence that transcends and contains both an aesthetic and ethical value of life. Kierkegaard and Nietzsche were also precursors to other intellectual movements, including
338:
consider the term existentialism to have originated from Kierkegaard, it is more likely that Kierkegaard adopted this term (or at least the term "existential" as a description of his philosophy) from the Norwegian poet and literary critic
1739:" and the "horror of war". The film tells the story of a fictional World War I French army regiment ordered to attack an impregnable German stronghold; when the attack fails, three soldiers are chosen at random, court-martialed by a "
1614:. Although often overlooked due to her relationship with Sartre, de Beauvoir integrated existentialism with other forms of thinking such as feminism, unheard of at the time, resulting in alienation from fellow writers such as Camus.
1131:. Unlike Pascal, Kierkegaard and Nietzsche also considered the role of making free choices, particularly regarding fundamental values and beliefs, and how such choices change the nature and identity of the chooser. Kierkegaard's
897:. Existentialism asserts that people make decisions based on subjective meaning rather than pure rationality. The rejection of reason as the source of meaning is a common theme of existentialist thought, as is the focus on the
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categories, an "essence". The actual life of the individual is what constitutes what could be called their "true essence" instead of an arbitrarily attributed essence others use to define them. Human beings, through their own
401:, who taught that essence precedes individual existence. Although it was Sartre who explicitly coined the phrase, similar notions can be found in the thought of existentialist philosophers such as Heidegger, and Kierkegaard:
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Many critics argue Sartre's philosophy is contradictory. For example, see Magda Stroe's arguments. Specifically, they argue that Sartre makes metaphysical arguments despite his claiming that his philosophical views ignore
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task, simply by continually applying himself to it. The first half of the book contains an extended rebuttal of what Camus took to be existentialist philosophy in the works of Kierkegaard, Shestov, Heidegger, and Jaspers.
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Some interpret the imperative to define oneself as meaning that anyone can wish to be anything. However, an existentialist philosopher would say such a wish constitutes an inauthentic existence â what Sartre would call
1303:, became well known as existentialist thinkers during their post-Revolutionary exiles in Paris. Shestov had launched an attack on rationalism and systematization in philosophy as early as 1905 in his book of aphorisms
791:. For the conscious state of shame to be experienced, one has to become aware of oneself as an object of another look, proving a priori, that other minds exist. The Look is then co-constitutive of one's facticity.
2518:, is a developing area of study within the academic study of psychology. It looks at what researchers claim are implicit emotional reactions of people confronted with the knowledge that they will eventually die.
210:
Many existentialists considered traditional systematic or academic philosophies, in style and content, to be too abstract and removed from concrete human experience. A primary virtue in existentialist thought is
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as Nietzsche, argues through a pseudonym that the objective certainty of religious truths (specifically Christian) is not only impossible, but even founded on logical paradoxes. Yet he continues to imply that a
2110:, 1932) celebrated by both Sartre and Beauvoir, contained many of the themes that would be found in later existential literature, and is in some ways, the proto-existential novel. Jean-Paul Sartre's 1938 novel
2478:, V. E. Gebsattel, Roland Kuhn, G. Caruso, F. T. Buytendijk, G. Bally, and Victor Franklâwere almost entirely unknown to the American psychotherapeutic community until Rollo May's highly influential 1958 book
1371:. They shared an admiration for Kierkegaard, and in the 1930s, Heidegger lectured extensively on Nietzsche. Nevertheless, the extent to which Heidegger should be considered an existentialist is debatable. In
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specific historical conditions of human existence into ontological and metaphysical characteristics. Existentialism thus becomes part of the very ideology which it attacks, and its radicalism is illusory."
383:
Sartre argued that a central proposition of existentialism is that existence precedes essence, which is to say that individuals shape themselves by existing and cannot be perceived through preconceived and
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that existentialism has created many of its own difficulties: "We can see how this question of freedom of the will has been vitiated by post-romantic philosophy, with its inbuilt tendency to laziness and
2578:, we can also see how it came about that existentialism found itself in a hole of its own digging, and how the philosophical developments since then have amounted to walking in circles round that hole."
848:: "Let each one learn what he can; both of us can learn that a person's unhappiness never lies in his lack of control over external conditions, since this would only make him completely unhappy." In
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In contrast, the inauthentic is the denial to live in accordance with one's freedom. This can take many forms, from pretending choices are meaningless or random, convincing oneself that some form of
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constructively. Instead of suppressing anxiety, patients are advised to use it as grounds for change. By embracing anxiety as inevitable, a person can use it to achieve his full potential in life.
1765:), is characteristic of both existentialist and absurdist themes in its depiction of a man (Joseph K.) arrested for a crime for which the charges are neither revealed to him nor to the reader.
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Kierkegaard is generally considered to have been the first existentialist philosopher. He proposed that each individualânot reason, society, or religious orthodoxyâis solely tasked with giving
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Sartrean terms, no human essence found in conventional reality on which to constitute the individual's sense of identity, despair is a universal human condition. As Kierkegaard defines it in
542:, holds that absurdity is limited to actions and choices of human beings. These are considered absurd since they issue from human freedom, undermining their foundation outside of themselves.
255:, at a colloquium in 1945, Sartre rejected it. Sartre subsequently changed his mind and, on October 29, 1945, publicly adopted the existentialist label in a lecture to the Club Maintenant in
712:. Freedom "produces" angst when limited by facticity and the lack of the possibility of having facticity to "step in" and take responsibility for something one has done also produces angst.
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to a packed meeting of the Club Maintenant. Beauvoir wrote that "not a week passed without the newspapers discussing us"; existentialism became "the first media craze of the postwar era."
1023:(1943): "All these questions, which refer us to a pure and not an accessory (or impure) reflection, can find their reply only on the ethical plane. We shall devote to them a future work."
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word that he said covered a certain thinking, which had a close and positive attitude to life, a relationship he described as existential". This was then brought to Kierkegaard by Sibbern.
1352:-philosophy is the way of thought by means of which man seeks to become himself...This way of thought does not cognize objects, but elucidates and makes actual the being of the thinker".
1789:. Existential themes of individuality, consciousness, freedom, choice, and responsibility are heavily relied upon throughout the entire series, particularly through the philosophies of
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in explicating Hegel in a series of lectures given in Paris in the 1930s. The lectures were highly influential; members of the audience included not only Sartre and Merleau-Ponty, but
2631:. Sartre reverses this statement. But the reversal of a metaphysical statement remains a metaphysical statement. With it, he stays with metaphysics, in oblivion of the truth of Being.
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Following the Second World War, existentialism became a well-known and significant philosophical and cultural movement, mainly through the public prominence of two French writers,
2561:, assert that existentialists are often confused about the verb "to be" in their analyses of "being". Specifically, they argue that the verb "is" is transitive and pre-fixed to a
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1317:, long before coining the term "existentialism", introduced important existentialist themes to a French audience in his early essay "Existence and Objectivity" (1925) and in his
1270:, he stands apart from the mainstream of German philosophy. Born into a Jewish family in Vienna in 1878, he was also a scholar of Jewish culture and involved at various times in
2261:, for the presence of two central characters who appear almost as two halves of a single character. Many plot features are similar as well: the characters pass time by playing
282:
Some scholars argue that the term should be used to refer only to the cultural movement in Europe in the 1940s and 1950s associated with the works of the philosophers Sartre,
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for projecting anxiety and meaninglessness onto the nature of existence itself: "Insofar as Existentialism is a philosophical doctrine, it remains an idealistic doctrine: it
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follows Kierkegaard's analysis of anxiety and life's absurdity, but puts forward the thesis that modern humans must, via God, achieve selfhood in spite of life's absurdity.
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2309:(based on Esslin's book), denied affiliations with existentialism and were often staunchly anti-philosophical (for example Ionesco often claimed he identified more with
2446:. Foucault was a great reader of Kierkegaard even though he almost never refers to this author, who nonetheless had for him an importance as secret as it was decisive.
1209:, the protagonist Raskolnikov experiences an existential crisis and then moves toward a Christian Orthodox worldview similar to that advocated by Dostoyevsky himself.
546:
absurdity, anything can happen to anyone at any time and a tragic event could plummet someone into direct confrontation with the absurd. Many of the literary works of
991:
Existentialist philosophers often stress the importance of angst as signifying the absolute lack of any objective ground for action, a move that is often reduced to
1640:
used Kierkegaard's and Heidegger's philosophy of existence to demythologize Christianity by interpreting Christian mythical concepts into existentialist concepts.
1203:. Other Dostoyevsky novels covered issues raised in existentialist philosophy while presenting story lines divergent from secular existentialism: for example, in
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greatly influenced Sartre. However, in later years they were to disagree irreparably, dividing many existentialists such as de Beauvoir, who sided with Sartre.
1241:. A novelist, poet and dramatist as well as philosophy professor at the University of Salamanca, Unamuno wrote a short story about a priest's crisis of faith,
2211:âanything "to hold the terrible silence at bay". The play "exploits several archetypal forms and situations, all of which lend themselves to both comedy and
715:
Another aspect of existential freedom is that one can change one's values. One is responsible for one's values, regardless of society's values. The focus on
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2116:
was "steeped in Existential ideas", and is considered an accessible way of grasping his philosophical stance. Between 1900 and 1960, other authors such as
2569:) (without a predicate, the word "is" is meaningless), and that existentialists frequently misuse the term in this manner. Wilson has stated in his book
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3149:
1009:(1942): "One must imagine Sisyphus happy". and it is only very rarely that existentialist philosophers dismiss morality or one's self-created meaning:
5668:
1602:, an important existentialist who spent much of her life as Sartre's partner, wrote about feminist and existentialist ethics in her works, including
1251:, writing in 1914, held that human existence must always be defined as the individual person combined with the concrete circumstances of his life: "
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1344:âwho later described existentialism as a "phantom" created by the publicâcalled his own thought, heavily influenced by Kierkegaard and Nietzsche,
1556:. Heidegger's reputation continued to grow in France during the 1950s and 1960s. In the 1960s, Sartre attempted to reconcile existentialism and
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1399:, who wrote best-selling novels, plays and widely read journalism as well as theoretical texts. These years also saw the growing reputation of
1088:, are to be found in existential reflections." Precursors to existentialism can also be identified in the works of Iranian Muslim philosopher
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How one "should" act is often determined by an image one has, of how one in such a role (bank manager, lion tamer, sex worker, etc.) acts. In
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A major offshoot of existentialism as a philosophy is existentialist psychology and psychoanalysis, which first crystallized in the work of
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1255:" ("I am myself and my circumstances"). Sartre likewise believed that human existence is not an abstract matter, but is always situated ("
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why it has walls and a roof. Humans are different from houses becauseâunlike housesâthey do not have an inbuilt purpose: they are free to
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portrays a man unable to fit into society and unhappy with the identities he creates for himself. Sartre, in his book on existentialism
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regained a sort of morality in the religious (although he would not agree that it was ethical; the religious suspends the ethical), and
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Existentialism, existentialists, and Marxism: From critique to integration within the philosophical establishment in Socialist Romania
1223:
In the first decades of the 20th century, a number of philosophers and writers explored existentialist ideas. The Spanish philosopher
787:. For Sartre, this phenomenological experience of shame establishes proof for the existence of other minds and defeats the problem of
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also presents arguments founded on existentialist ideas. It is a tragedy inspired by Greek mythology and the play of the same name (
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makes all humans existentialists. The ultimate hero of absurdism lives without meaning and faces suicide without succumbing to it.
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Existentialism and Its Relevance to the Contemporary System of Education in India: Existentialism and Present Educational Scenario
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criticized "the profoundly unsound methods and the dangerous contempt for reason that have been so prominent in existentialism."
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Some have argued that existentialism has long been an element of European religious thought, even before the term came into use.
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someone there, but he could have not noticed that person). It is only one's perception of the way another might perceive him.
685:, which for humans takes the form of being and not being. It is the facts of one's personal life and as per Heidegger, it is "
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whereby he questions his reason for being. This, in turn, leads him to a better understanding of humanity. The French film,
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1484:. Works by Camus and Sartre were already appearing in foreign editions. The Paris-based existentialists had become famous.
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do not study philosophy 'existentially;' to use a phrase by Welhaven from one time when I spoke with him about philosophy."
340:
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271:), a short book that helped popularize existentialist thought. Marcel later came to reject the label himself in favour of
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A more recent contributor to the development of a European version of existentialist psychotherapy is the British-based
999:. A pervasive theme in existentialist philosophy, however, is to persist through encounters with the absurd, as seen in
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According to Albert Camus, the world or the human being is not in itself absurd. The concept only emerges through the
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Deurzen, Emmy; Craig, Erik; LĂ€ngle, Alfried; Schneider, Kirk J.; Tantam, Digby; Plock, Simon, eds. (2019-05-28).
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explores the existence and experiences of Black people in the world. Classical and contemporary thinkers include
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Camus was a friend of Sartre, until their falling-out, and wrote several works with existential themes including
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The first important literary author also important to existentialism was the Russian, Dostoyevsky. Dostoyevsky's
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Philosophy 101: from Plato and Socrates to ethics and metaphysics, an essential primer on the history of thought
1656:(1945) was recognized as a major statement of French existentialism. It has been said that Merleau-Ponty's work
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Sartre. Sartre posits the idea that "what all existentialists have in common is the fundamental doctrine that
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than with existentialism), the playwrights are often linked to existentialism based on Esslin's observation.
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Existential perspectives are also found in modern literature to varying degrees, especially since the 1920s.
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1383:); and this has led many commentators to treat him as an important figure in the existentialist movement.
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in 1928. They held many philosophical discussions, but later became estranged over Heidegger's support of
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4251:. Penguin books (Repr. of the 1954 ed. publ. by The Viking Press, New York ed.). New York: Penguin.
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wrote his major philosophical works in German, and studied and taught at the Universities of Berlin and
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5125:"Zarathustra . . . Cthulhu . Meursault: Existential Futility in H.P. Lovecraft's 'The Call of Cthulhu'"
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1743:", and executed by firing squad. The film examines existentialist ethics, such as the issue of whether
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Kaufmann, Walter Arnold, From Shakespeare To Existentialism (Princeton University Press 1979), p. xvi.
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2461:. One of the most prolific writers on techniques and theory of existentialist psychology in the US is
600:, which is inherently against the existentialist philosophy. It has been said that the possibility of
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1735:"illustrates, and even illuminates...existentialism" by examining the "necessary absurdity of the
393:, create their own values and determine a meaning to their life. This view is in contradiction to
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also had major impetus from existentialist psychology and shares many of the fundamental tenets.
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3884:"Reassessing Existential Constructs and Subjectivity: Freedom and Authenticity in Neoliberalism"
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Existentialists oppose defining human beings as primarily rational, and, therefore, oppose both
413:. His form must be just as manifold as are the opposites that he holds together. The systematic
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was borrowed from the poet. He strongly believes that it was Kierkegaard himself who said that "
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Bassey, Magnus O. (2007). "What is Africana Critical Theory or Black Existential Philosophy?".
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was published in French in 1938, and his essays began to appear in French philosophy journals.
1503:. Heidegger's thought had also become known in French philosophical circles through its use by
1195:
1183:
1168:, Nietzsche's sentiments resonate the idea of "existence precedes essence." He writes, "no one
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can be regarded as a form of existentialist therapy. The existentialists would also influence
2046:, the protagonist's experiences as an intern in a rural health clinic in Japan lead him to an
1247:, which has been collected in anthologies of existentialist fiction. Another Spanish thinker,
1161:
However, Kierkegaard believed that individuals should live in accordance with their thinking.
1076:
as existentialists. According to Wahl, "the origins of most great philosophies, like those of
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The Library of Living Philosophers IX, Tudor Publishing Company, 1957, p. 75/2 and following.
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3966:"despair â definition of despair by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia"
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3395:(Revised and expanded ed.). San Francisco, California: Harper San Francisco. pp.
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focuses on the protagonist's desire to find existential meaning. Similarly, in Kurosawa's
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1550:, Heidegger distanced himself from Sartre's position and existentialism in general in his
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of Sartre. Unlike Sartre, Marcel was a Christian, and became a Catholic convert in 1929.
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5498:, Erkenntnis (1932), pp. 219â41. Carnap's critique of Heidegger's "What is Metaphysics."
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Sariel, Aviram. "Jonasian Gnosticism." Harvard Theological Review 116.1 (2023): 91-122.
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4709:. By Jerold J. Abrams. Published 2007. University Press of Kentucky. SBN 0-8131-2445-X
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By the end of 1947, Camus' earlier fiction and plays had been reprinted, his new play
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encountered." Later, however, in response to a question posed by his French follower
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worldliness. ... Lovingly to hope all things is the opposite of despairingly to hope
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according to their metaphysical meaning, which, from Plato's time on, has said that
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It is because of the devastating awareness of meaninglessness that Camus claimed in
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1571:
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1496:
1454:
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1218:
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575:
571:
252:
215:. Existentialism would influence many disciplines outside of philosophy, including
188:
180:
100:
41:
For the philosophical position commonly seen as the antonym of existentialism, see
6416:
3389:
3358:(Revised and expanded ed.). San Francisco, California: Harper San Francisco.
3240:
136:
14507:
14447:
14332:
14180:
14175:
14153:
14073:
14027:
13784:
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13613:
13596:
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13308:
13042:
12781:
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12644:
12589:
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12503:
12478:
12460:
12413:
12304:
12237:
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12120:
12001:
11984:
11939:
11929:
11874:
11847:
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11779:
11764:
11689:
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10718:
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10205:
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9461:
9322:
9217:
9197:
9177:
9126:
9046:
8966:
8931:
8911:
8876:
8871:
8851:
8811:
8791:
8746:
8741:
8325:
8294:
8259:
8224:
8102:
7953:
7851:
7809:
7720:
7708:
7693:
7668:
7643:
7413:
7281:
7276:
7193:
7178:
6851:
6735:
6571:
6551:
6386:
6194:
6077:
6027:
4881:
3461:
2687:
2592:
2443:
2310:
2154:
2031:
2007:
2003:
1991:
1957:
1854:
1774:
1736:
1723:
1637:
1516:
1508:
1462:
1275:
1132:
1120:
681:
294:. Others extend the term to Kierkegaard, and yet others extend it as far back as
236:
120:
7465:
6052:
4421:
The Library of Living Philosophers IX, Tudor Publishing Company, 1957, p. 75/11.
4167:
1520:
1375:
he presented a method of rooting philosophical explanations in human existence (
734:
Many noted existentialists consider the theme of authentic existence important.
144:
14537:
14457:
14412:
14352:
14317:
14109:
14022:
13835:
13626:
13460:
13383:
13278:
13032:
12932:
12917:
12892:
12887:
12771:
12661:
12599:
12518:
12508:
12408:
12289:
12284:
12269:
12209:
12194:
12169:
11974:
11964:
11904:
11852:
11789:
11684:
11609:
11566:
11546:
11335:
11211:
10866:
10856:
10851:
10775:
10499:
10280:
10270:
10125:
10110:
10055:
9826:
9491:
9337:
9302:
9259:
9234:
9229:
9222:
9182:
9061:
9041:
9026:
9011:
8996:
8956:
8951:
8886:
8866:
8831:
8786:
8771:
8229:
8097:
8062:
7994:
7968:
7653:
7592:
7505:
7348:
7244:
6987:
6667:
6461:
6431:
6396:
6325:
6320:
5378:
4841:
4819:
2677:
2647:
2615:
Existentialism says existence precedes essence. In this statement he is taking
2482:âand especially his introductory essayâintroduced their work into this country.
2462:
2399:
2329:
2293:
2252:
2194:
2172:
2112:
1999:
1979:
1971:
1951:
1740:
1731:
1715:
1698:
1604:
1492:
1423:
1314:
1069:
992:
767:
The Other (written with a capital "O") is a concept more properly belonging to
551:
484:
324:
248:
200:
124:
9086:
7675:
7450:
4655:
3896:
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3069:
2181:
2015:
14558:
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14097:
14017:
13912:
13762:
13755:
13648:
13601:
13494:
13350:
12962:
12902:
12852:
12691:
12629:
12614:
12513:
12428:
12357:
12309:
12217:
12199:
11944:
11869:
11752:
11732:
11644:
11599:
10810:
10569:
10295:
10245:
10210:
10190:
10170:
9735:
9556:
9521:
9446:
9281:
9116:
9066:
9001:
8961:
8821:
8801:
8751:
8289:
8201:
8131:
7873:
7663:
7597:
7554:
7423:
7048:
6834:
6816:
6436:
6366:
6295:
6223:
5892:
5270:
5262:
5236:
4618:
4554:
Introduction to the Reading of Hegel: Lectures on the Phenomenology of Spirit
4434:
The Library of Living Philosophers IX, Tudor Publishing Company, 1957, p. 40.
4309:
3905:
3077:
2932:
2740:
2554:
2511:
2494:
2415:
2411:
2395:
2305:
2285:
2145:
2137:
2133:
2057:
1866:
1727:
1629:
1547:
1524:
1453:, and two weeks later gave the widely reported lecture on existentialism and
1154:
1149:
1073:
1065:
1057:
1041:
850:
579:
534:
489:
390:
352:
13319:
9381:
6582:
6006:
3414:
3373:
1136:
14527:
14327:
14232:
14078:
14052:
13961:
13643:
13631:
13579:
13539:
13534:
13398:
13393:
13243:
13186:
13017:
13012:
13007:
12982:
12952:
12686:
12559:
12493:
12488:
12423:
12279:
12264:
11889:
11879:
11842:
11832:
11822:
11714:
11629:
11561:
11458:
11122:
10846:
10795:
10549:
10315:
10250:
10140:
10050:
9900:
9770:
9680:
9660:
9486:
9371:
9357:
9207:
9106:
9006:
8971:
8896:
8826:
8816:
8766:
8756:
8320:
8310:
8269:
8249:
8021:
7984:
7943:
7829:
7779:
7440:
7418:
7396:
7343:
7311:
7183:
7043:
6954:
6750:
6516:
6506:
6441:
6411:
6391:
6381:
6340:
6280:
6275:
6245:
5626:
5594:
4956:
Stages of Struggle: Modern Playwrights and Their Psychological Inspirations
3647:
3602:
3567:
3529:
2899:
2662:
2530:
2449:
An early contributor to existentialist psychology in the United States was
2439:
2365:
2345:
2341:
2268:
2222:
2149:
2117:
2019:
1963:
1786:
1752:
1706:
1694:
1663:
1617:
1539:
1396:
1341:
1263:
1144:
1000:
583:
482:
Sartre's definition of existentialism was based on Heidegger's magnum opus
291:
204:
196:
184:
131:
of the human individual. Common concepts in existentialist thought include
42:
5430:
5311:
3710:
2995:, Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1999, p. 12-13 & 18â19.
298:. However, it is often identified with the philosophical views of Sartre.
62:
14467:
14215:
14210:
14202:
14187:
14012:
13917:
13728:
13564:
13529:
13509:
13489:
13467:
13432:
12942:
12746:
12523:
12184:
11909:
11894:
11774:
11769:
11315:
11248:
11167:
11132:
11112:
10780:
10640:
10305:
10225:
10155:
10105:
9883:
9811:
9790:
9745:
9710:
9665:
9636:
9561:
9471:
9376:
9271:
9202:
9146:
9136:
9131:
9091:
8906:
8881:
8856:
8841:
8691:
8315:
8254:
8126:
8106:
8011:
7948:
7908:
7888:
7814:
7784:
7445:
7381:
7073:
7058:
6934:
6924:
6873:
6839:
6778:
6496:
6401:
6315:
6285:
5652:(3rd ed.). Thriplow, Cambridge: Icon Books (UK), Totem Books (USA).
5390:
4705:
Holt, Jason. "Existential Ethics: Where do the Paths of Glory Lead?". In
4443:
Karl Jaspers, "Philosophical Autobiography" in Paul Arthur Schilpp (ed.)
4430:
Karl Jaspers, "Philosophical Autobiography" in Paul Arthur Schilpp (ed.)
4417:
Karl Jaspers, "Philosophical Autobiography" in Paul Arthur Schilpp (ed.)
3863:"Sartre, Jean Paul: Existentialism | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy"
3802:"Sartre, Jean Paul: Existentialism | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy"
3391:
Basic Writings: From Being and Time (1927) to The Task of thinking (1964)
3356:
Basic Writings: From Being and Time (1927) to The Task of Thinking (1964)
2759:
2588:
2471:
2454:
2419:
2369:
2349:
2242:
in 1966. The play expands upon the exploits of two minor characters from
2235:
2129:
2121:
2089:
2078:
2023:
1890:
1842:
1296:
1237:
1089:
894:
884:
784:
743:
586:
contain descriptions of people who encounter the absurdity of the world.
555:
520:
360:
335:
172:
10701:
5409:
Note: The copyright year has not changed, but the book remains in print.
5278:
4748:
1566:. A major theme throughout his writings was freedom and responsibility.
1499:, and he included critical comments on their work in his major treatise
705:
of a modest pay rise, further leading to purchase of an affordable car.
512:
73:
13998:
13986:
13956:
13922:
13862:
13544:
13002:
12972:
12967:
12947:
12897:
12808:
12666:
12609:
12569:
12564:
12334:
12257:
11837:
11634:
11556:
11541:
11330:
11300:
11263:
11221:
11216:
11147:
10785:
10439:
10165:
10130:
10080:
9965:
9863:
9750:
9675:
9516:
9421:
8861:
8161:
7989:
7938:
7928:
7799:
7703:
7648:
7455:
7435:
7301:
7068:
6982:
6811:
6758:
6722:
6626:
6371:
6252:
6070:
4818:
For an examination of the existentialist elements within the film, see
3085:
2558:
2498:
2357:
2353:
2314:
2301:
1927:
1848:
1830:
1621:
1356:
1284:
1158:
946:
890:
880:
686:
116:
6053:
Buddhists, Existentialists and Situationists: Waking up in Waking Life
4459:
The Existentialist Moment: The Rise of Sartre as a Public Intellectual
4054:
1672:
in 1956, initially to critical acclaim. In this book and others (e.g.
82:
14432:
14269:
14004:
13966:
13559:
13373:
13218:
13130:
12862:
12842:
12741:
12651:
12624:
12604:
12549:
12418:
12227:
11979:
11704:
11526:
11355:
11320:
11305:
11268:
10685:
10599:
10564:
10544:
10090:
9975:
9905:
9858:
9821:
9760:
9690:
9551:
9546:
9531:
9401:
9172:
9141:
9051:
8176:
8171:
8031:
7958:
7893:
7764:
7698:
7510:
7500:
7495:
7470:
7266:
6826:
6788:
6466:
6218:
6174:
5735:
4230:(Winter 2017 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
4108:
3927:(Summer 2023 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
3508:
3291:
2515:
2458:
2450:
2427:
2387:
2084:
2042:
1975:
1921:
1279:
1267:
1140:
1081:
1049:
906:
844:
809:"Existential angst", sometimes called existential dread, anxiety, or
788:
613:
507:
474:, that offer resistance to attempts to change our direction in life.
394:
128:
30:"Existential" redirects here. For the logical sense of the term, see
7401:
3841:. Translated by Barnes, Hazel E. New York: Washington Square Press.
3334:
3183:[Welhaven and psychology: Part 2. Welhaven points forward].
14422:
14118:
13939:
13767:
13682:
13621:
13584:
13248:
13213:
12847:
12832:
12756:
12751:
12716:
12706:
12619:
12554:
12528:
12046:
12036:
11521:
11516:
11511:
11463:
11310:
11226:
11194:
11107:
11099:
10790:
10765:
10733:
10728:
10539:
10100:
9955:
9730:
9695:
9431:
9342:
9297:
8006:
7913:
7878:
7836:
7824:
7612:
7406:
7306:
7249:
7053:
7007:
6891:
6233:
6045:
6041:"Existentialism is a Humanism", a lecture given by Jean-Paul Sartre
3226:(Dictionary) "L'existencialisme" â see "l'identitĂ© de la personne"
2493:
Anxiety's importance in existentialism makes it a popular topic in
1822:
Some contemporary films dealing with existentialist issues include
1620:, an important existentialist theologian following Kierkegaard and
1592:
1364:
980:
516:
295:
216:
5993:
4212:
Luper, Steven. "Existing". Mayfield Publishing, 2000, pp. 4â5, 11.
3722:
3720:
179:. In the 20th century, prominent existentialist thinkers included
14337:
14192:
14104:
12872:
12761:
12726:
12681:
12676:
12671:
12584:
12574:
11295:
11206:
11127:
11117:
10760:
10713:
10389:
10095:
10025:
9995:
9960:
9895:
9853:
9838:
9705:
9332:
9212:
7633:
7607:
7602:
7544:
7539:
7371:
7259:
7254:
7213:
7035:
6881:
6763:
6083:
3862:
3801:
2575:
2208:
2167:
1557:
1360:
1271:
1128:
940:
would demand that the reader recognize that they are an existing
898:
860:
810:
716:
601:
398:
328:
152:
140:
5540:, trans. David Farrell Krell (London, Routledge; 1978), p. 208.
3308:
14357:
12857:
12798:
12731:
12656:
12533:
12143:
11365:
11258:
11137:
9985:
9935:
9848:
9720:
9365:
7898:
7819:
7549:
7208:
7198:
6896:
6798:
6201:
5303:
Existentia Africana: Understanding Africana Existential Thought
3717:
2247:
2212:
1970:
Notable directors known for their existentialist films include
1782:
1368:
9605:
3154:
Uriel Abulof, Human Odyssey to Political Existentialism (HOPE)
355:, who claimed to prove that Kierkegaard himself said the term
53:
14322:
14312:
14307:
13779:
13774:
12837:
12827:
11142:
10695:
10490:
Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments
10085:
10035:
9466:
9307:
7714:
7376:
6662:
6595:
6179:
5496:
Uberwindung der Metaphysik durch logische Analyse der Sprache
3965:
2966:
2067:
1884:
1778:
1359:, was acquainted with Heidegger, who held a professorship at
1077:
937:
902:
804:
709:
256:
5488:
5233:
The Modern American Theater: A Collection of Critical Essays
3241:"Aquinas: Metaphysics | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy"
2747:
2070:, United States to explore several existentialist concepts.
14452:
13099:
An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation
12877:
12793:
12639:
12634:
12594:
10723:
10030:
10010:
10005:
9930:
9888:
9873:
9406:
5732:
Everyday Mysteries: a Handbook of Existential Psychotherapy
5418:
4273:
Dostoyevsky, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche and Kafka, Jabber-wacky
4034:. Harper & Row, Publishers. New York, N.Y. 1962. p. 62.
2525:
has refreshed the Socratic tradition with his own blend of
1085:
874:
776:
5535:
Basic Writings: Nine Key Essays, plus the Introduction to
4552:(Hodder Arnold, 2006, p. 158); see also Alexandre KojĂšve,
1421:
Sartre dealt with existentialist themes in his 1938 novel
155:; and understanding one's own freedom and responsibility.
12803:
12112:
10805:
7559:
6016:
5524:. Translated by Joris De Bres. London: NLB, 1972. p. 161.
3264:. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
3181:"Welhaven og psykologien: Del 2. Welhaven peker fremover"
3150:"Episode 1: The Jumping Off Place [MOOC lecture]"
462:
their own purpose and thereby shape their essence; thus,
5520:
Marcuse, Herbert. "Sartre's Existentialism". Printed in
3783:
3781:
2993:
Apostles of Sartre: Existentialism in America, 1945â1963
2060:) embraced various elements of existentialism. The film
1650:, was for a time a companion of Sartre. Merleau-Ponty's
1332:, which he associated with the activity of the abstract
519:, the symbol of the absurdity of existence, painting by
251:
in the mid-1940s. When Marcel first applied the term to
14437:
10430:
A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
4720:"Existential & Psychological Movie Recommendations"
4578:
Martin Heidegger, letter, quoted in RĂŒdiger Safranski,
4378:
Samuel M. Keen, "Gabriel Marcel" in Paul Edwards (ed.)
1797:. Episode 16's title, "The Sickness Unto Death, And..."
1282:. His best-known philosophical work was the short book
27:
Philosophical form of enquiry into subjective existence
5898:
Nihilism: The Root of the Revolution of the Modern Age
4676:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, p. 559).
4470:
4468:
4374:
4372:
4370:
2292:
pointed out how many contemporary playwrights such as
1876:. Likewise, films throughout the 20th century such as
746:
is true, or "mimicry" where one acts as "one should".
453:
Jonathan Webber interprets Sartre's usage of the term
6067:: The International Journal of Existential Literature
5680:
Beyond Sartre and Sterility: Surviving Existentialism
5463:"Terror Management Theory â Ernest Becker Foundation"
4691:
Colin Wilson, a Celebration: Essays and Recollections
3820:
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Existentialism,
3778:
3755:
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Existentialism,
3742:
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Existentialism,
3484:
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Existentialism,
3387:
Heidegger, Martin (1993). David Farrell Krell (ed.).
3354:
Heidegger, Martin (1993). David Farrell Krell (ed.).
2796:
1379:) to be analysed in terms of existential categories (
1123:
to life and living it sincerely, or "authentically".
301:
4136:
3259:
1487:
Sartre had traveled to Germany in 1930 to study the
1433:, and had published his treatise on existentialism,
351:
The second claim comes from the Norwegian historian
5961:(2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
5209:"From Forum, an Earnest and Painstaking 'Antigone'"
5181:
5014:
4770:"Existentialist Adaptations â Harvard Film Archive"
4689:University of Uppsala, 1983, p. 92. Colin Stanley,
4465:
4367:
4089:
3574:
3501:Bassnett, Susan; Lorch, Jennifer (March 18, 2014).
2954:
2375:
633:
may be too technical for most readers to understand
5866:
5843:
4915:
4117:. New York: Philosophical Library. pp. 32â33.
3478:
2863:
1761:, based upon Franz Kafka's book of the same name (
1447:; Sartre launched his journal of leftist thought,
6080:published by The Society for Existential Analysis
5670:Irrational Man: A Study in Existential Philosophy
5624:
4246:
3945:"Soren Kierkegaard and The Psychology of Anxiety"
3584:Pirandello and the Crisis of Modern Consciousness
699:not currently having the financial means to do so
14556:
5825:Existing: An Introduction to Existential Thought
5339:. Massachusetts: Perseus Publishing. p. 51.
5048:
4653:
2611:, Heidegger criticized Sartre's existentialism:
2066:, released in 1994, depicts life in a prison in
5422:The Wiley World Handbook of Existential Therapy
4606:Martin Heidegger: From Phenomenology to Thought
4478:, University of Chicago Press, 2004, Chapter 3
4247:Nietzsche, Friedrich; Kaufmann, Walter (1994).
3545:
3541:
3539:
3496:
3494:
2881:
1806:
1679:
708:Another aspect of facticity is that it entails
5082:
4647:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2769:
1800:
1478:trilogy had appeared, as had Beauvoir's novel
13349:
13335:
12128:
10656:
9621:
8707:
6611:
6587:
6099:
5864:
5393:(Subsidiary of Perseus Books, L.L.C. p.
4883:Luigi Pirandello: The Humorous Existentialist
4848:
4829:
3923:, in Zalta, Edward N.; Nodelman, Uri (eds.),
3500:
1538:French philosopher, novelist, and playwright
1427:and the short stories in his 1939 collection
1386:
1340:In Germany, the psychiatrist and philosopher
988:was an important philosopher in both fields.
687:the way in which we are thrown into the world
372:
175:and concerned themselves with the problem of
13075:Fifteen Sermons Preached at the Rolls Chapel
6243:
6199:
5514:
5155:, 31 December 1964. Quoted in Knowlson, J.,
4946:
3549:Understanding Existentialism: Teach Yourself
3536:
3491:
2882:Guignon, Charles B.; Pereboom, Derk (2001).
2730:
2728:
1472:published; the first two novels of Sartre's
1108:
1100:, which is described as "alive and active".
905:that we feel in the face of our own radical
260:
5877:]. New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
5813:
5804:
5795:
5786:
5777:
5768:
5759:
5647:
5533:Martin Heidegger, "Letter on Humanism", in
4986:
4701:
4699:
4524:, University of Chicago Press, 2004, p. 48.
4511:, University of Chicago Press, 2004, p. 48.
4494:, University of Chicago Press, 2004, p. 44.
4351:, University of Chicago Press, 1955, p. 85.
4285:
4283:
4281:
3622:Living Masks: The Achievement of Pirandello
3260:Baird, Forrest E.; Walter Kaufmann (2008).
3054:Copleston, F. C. (2009). "Existentialism".
2857:Existentialism: From Dostoyevesky to Sartre
2766:
2189:Existentialist themes are displayed in the
1229:The Tragic Sense of Life in Men and Nations
13342:
13328:
12135:
12121:
10670:
10663:
10649:
9628:
9614:
8721:
8714:
8700:
6618:
6604:
6106:
6092:
5702:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5371:
5157:Damned to Fame: The Life of Samuel Beckett
4987:Graham, Maryemma; Singh, Amritjit (1995).
4565:Entry on KojĂšve in Martin Cohen (editor),
4548:Entry on KojĂšve in Martin Cohen (editor),
4327:. United States: Charles Scribner's Sons.
4052:
3430:
3039:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2734:
1355:Jaspers, a professor at the university of
1096:" becoming the principle expositor of the
968:
219:, drama, art, literature, and psychology.
12062:Relationship between religion and science
5901:. Saint Herman Press (1 September 1994).
5677:
5591:Albert Camus: Lyrical and Critical Essays
5561:Existentialism: A Very Short Introduction
5184:"A Tom Stoppard Bibliography: Chronology"
4952:
4913:
4857:Existentialism: A Guide for the Perplexed
4722:. Existential-therapy.com. Archived from
4595:(Harvard University Press, 1998, p. 356).
4582:(Harvard University Press, 1998, p. 349).
4539:, Harvard University Press, 1998, p. 343.
3895:
3455:
3386:
3353:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3053:
3027:The Cambridge Companion to Existentialism
2802:
2725:
2533:with his Chromatiques Center in Belgium.
2219:and the place of God in human existence.
1666:, an English writer, published his study
1139:are representative of people who exhibit
1115:SĂžren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche
953:introduced the concept of existentialist
756:
661:Learn how and when to remove this message
645:, without removing the technical details.
343:. This assertion comes from two sources:
6058:
5756:. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
4980:
4879:
4854:
4696:
4593:Martin Heidegger â Between Good and Evil
4580:Martin Heidegger â Between Good and Evil
4289:
4278:
4221:
4142:
3614:
3612:
2912:
2854:
2839:
2497:. Therapists often offer existentialist
2077:
1693:
1632:to the general public. His seminal work
1533:
1405:
875:Opposition to positivism and rationalism
511:
409:, the form of his communication, is his
13107:Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
5956:
5937:
5827:. Mountain View, California: Mayfield.
5729:
5715:(2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
5666:
5365:Sartre, Foucault, and Historical Reason
5175:
5088:
4873:
4793:
4567:The Essentials of Philosophy and Ethics
4550:The Essentials of Philosophy and Ethics
4536:Martin Heidegger: Between Good and Evil
4228:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
4200:Kierkegaard's attack upon "Christendom"
4095:
4082:Camus, Albert. "The Myth of Sisyphus".
3995:SĂžren Kierkegaard's Journals and Papers
3925:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3618:
3024:
2783:
2753:
2228:Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead
14:
14557:
10988:Proper basis and Reformed epistemology
5975:
5928:
5919:
5841:
5710:
5334:
5299:
5248:
5182:Michael H. Hutchins (14 August 2006).
5122:
5058:Reading, Learning, Teach Ralph Ellison
5054:
5020:
4953:DiGaetani, John Louis (Jan 25, 2008).
4922:. University of South Carolina Press.
4907:
4835:
4674:The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
4617:
4197:
4127:
3833:
3660:
3580:
3546:Thompson, Mel; Rodgers, Nigel (2010).
3289:
3278:
3178:
3111:
2972:
2945:
2715:Nietzsche: A Biographical Introduction
2712:
2581:
2251:. Comparisons have also been drawn to
1813:is a reference to Kierkegaard's book,
1689:
1674:Introduction to the New Existentialism
1363:before acceding to Husserl's chair at
1092:(c. 1571â1635), who would posit that "
464:their existence precedes their essence
13323:
12116:
10644:
10460:Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics
9609:
9512:Violence § Philosophical perspectives
8695:
8357:
7099:
6637:
6599:
6586:
6087:
5822:
5606:
5558:
5377:
4747:. Uhaweb.hartford.edu. Archived from
4456:
4362:Introduction to Modern Existentialism
4322:
4164:
3881:
3609:
3426:
3424:
3185:Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening
2960:
2869:
2842:Introduction to Modern Existentialism
2541:
1785:and was both directed and written by
1624:, applied existentialist concepts to
1212:
643:make it understandable to non-experts
14605:Philosophical schools and traditions
10560:Interpretations of quantum mechanics
10480:The World as Will and Representation
5891:
5206:
5188:The Stephen Sondheim Reference Guide
4107:
3690:
3486:3.1 Anxiety, Nothingness, the Absurd
2888:. Hackett Publishing. p. xiii.
2438:, with the work of thinkers such as
1967:also have existentialist qualities.
1328:with abstract, scientific-technical
617:
341:Johan Sebastian Cammermeyer Welhaven
13123:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
6033:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
6021:
5999:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
5597:(interviev with Jeanie Delpech, in
4993:. University of Mississippi Press.
4914:Bassanese, Fiora A. (Jan 1, 1997).
4880:Cincotta, Madeleine Strong (1989).
4660:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
4654:Bergoffen, Debra (September 2010).
4150:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
4059:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3918:
3769:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3727:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3332:
3313:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3306:
2844:. New York: Grove Press. p. 5.
2790:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1278:. In 1938, he moved permanently to
488:(1927). In the correspondence with
323:explains. According to philosopher
275:, in honor of Kierkegaard's essay "
24:
6113:
5978:Existentialism: A Beginner's Guide
5780:Concluding Unscientific Postscript
5617:
5603:, November 15, 1945). p. 345.
5092:Ralph Ellison: Emergence of Genius
5089:Jackson, Lawrence Patrick (2007).
4886:. University of Wollongong Press.
4608:(Martjinus Nijhoff, 1967, p. 351).
4349:Martin Buber. The Life of Dialogue
4325:I and Thou. Trans. Walter Kaufmann
3433:Existentialism: A Beginner's Guide
3421:
3296:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3147:
3005:L'Existentialisme est un Humanisme
2975:Existentialist Thinkers and Ethics
2175:originally published in French as
798:
673:Facticity is defined by Sartre in
302:Definitional issues and background
263:L'existentialisme est un humanisme
115:is a family of views and forms of
25:
14631:
14533:Western European and Others Group
5986:
5362:
5170:Samuel Beckett The Last Modernist
5159:(London: Bloomsbury, 1996), p. 57
4859:. London: Continuum. p. 75.
4772:. Hcl.harvard.edu. Archived from
4707:The Philosophy of Stanley Kubrick
4672:Madison, G. B., in Robert Audi's
4556:(Cornell University Press, 1980).
4132:. Modern Library. pp. ix, 3.
4114:A Short History of Existentialism
2859:. New York: Meridian. p. 12.
2453:, who was strongly influenced by
1873:Everything Everywhere All at Once
1466:had been performed and his novel
936:An existentialist reading of the
13304:
13303:
12097:
12096:
12086:
10623:
10613:
10612:
8675:
8674:
8661:
5957:Solomon, Robert C., ed. (2005).
5846:Basic Writings of Existentialism
5713:Existentialism: A Reconstruction
5527:
5501:
5479:
5455:
5412:
5356:
5343:
5328:
5293:
5242:
5235:. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:
5225:
5207:Wren, Celia (12 December 2007).
5200:
5172:(London: Flamingo, 1997), p. 391
5162:
5146:
5116:
4990:Conversations with Ralph Ellison
4812:
4796:"Review: 'Synecdoche, New York'"
4382:, Macmillan Publishing Co, 1967.
4130:Basic Writings of Existentialism
3888:Journal of Humanistic Psychology
3581:Caputi, Anthony Francis (1988).
2948:Existentialism: A Reconstruction
2784:Crowell, Steven (October 2010).
2376:Psychoanalysis and psychotherapy
1777:animation series created by the
1747:is possible and the "problem of
869:SĂžren Kierkegaard, Works of Love
622:
81:
72:
61:
52:
10410:Meditations on First Philosophy
9635:
5583:
5337:Recollections: An Autobiography
5300:Gordon, Lewis R. (2000-04-11).
5095:. University of Georgia Press.
4787:
4762:
4737:
4712:
4679:
4666:
4611:
4598:
4585:
4572:
4559:
4542:
4527:
4514:
4497:
4484:
4450:
4437:
4424:
4411:
4398:
4385:
4380:The Encyclopaedia of Philosophy
4354:
4341:
4316:
4265:
4240:
4215:
4206:
4191:
4158:
4121:
4101:
4076:
4046:
4037:
4024:
4000:
3988:
3979:
3958:
3937:
3912:
3875:
3855:
3827:
3814:
3794:
3762:
3749:
3736:
3731:2.1 Facticity and Transcendence
3684:
3654:
3504:Luigi Pirandello in the Theatre
3449:
3380:
3347:
3326:
3300:
3253:
3233:
3220:
3211:
3202:
3172:
3156:. edX/Princeton. Archived from
3141:
3100:
3047:
3018:
2998:
2985:
2979:McGill-Queen's University Press
2939:
2906:
2103:Journey to the End of the Night
1934:One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
1103:
723:
13091:The Theory of Moral Sentiments
12461:Value monism â Value pluralism
6625:
5940:Kierkegaard and Existentialism
5522:Studies in Critical Philosophy
5351:Kierkegaard and Existentialism
5123:Gurnow, Michael (2008-10-15).
4918:Understanding Luigi Pirandello
4794:Chocano, Carina (2008-10-24).
4569:(Hodder Arnold, 2006, p. 158).
4445:The Philosophy of Karl Jaspers
4432:The Philosophy of Karl Jaspers
4419:The Philosophy of Karl Jaspers
4364:, New York (1962), pp. 173â76.
4290:Rukhsana, Akhter (June 2014).
3985:Either/Or Part II p. 188 Hong.
3179:Klempe, Hroar (October 2008).
2885:Existentialism: Basic Writings
2875:
2848:
2833:
2807:Oxford Companion to Philosophy
2706:
1563:Critique of Dialectical Reason
1176:
444:As Sartre said in his lecture
13:
1:
8358:
5942:. Farnham, England: Ashgate.
5648:Appignanesi, Richard (2006).
4226:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.),
4053:Alan Pratt (April 23, 2001).
2950:. Basil Blackwell. p. 1.
2694:
2536:
2207:, swap hats, and contemplate
2073:
1244:Saint Manuel the Good, Martyr
1031:
501:
13155:On the Genealogy of Morality
13115:Critique of Practical Reason
12027:Desacralization of knowledge
10595:Philosophy of space and time
8147:Ordinary language philosophy
6638:
5850:. New York: Modern Library.
5842:Marino, Gordon, ed. (2004).
5752:Fallico, Arthuro B. (1962).
4628:The New York Review of Books
4507:, quoted in Ronald Aronson,
4294:. Hamburg: Anchor Academic.
4202:. Princeton. pp. 37â40.
4147:. In Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
3882:Plesa, Patric (2021-07-14).
3791:, Routledge Classics (2003).
3693:"Suicide and Self-Deception"
3667:Existentialism is a Humanism
3589:University of Illinois Press
3458:The A to Z of Existentialism
2803:Honderich, Ted, ed. (1995).
2699:
2643:Abandonment (existentialism)
1680:Influence outside philosophy
1253:Yo soy yo y mi circunstancia
1190:Existentialism is a Humanism
607:
447:Existentialism is a Humanism
269:Existentialism Is a Humanism
226:
7:
11439:Best of all possible worlds
11396:Eschatological verification
10953:Fine-tuning of the universe
10470:The Phenomenology of Spirit
9437:Interpellation (philosophy)
9240:Non-representational theory
8197:Contemporary utilitarianism
8112:Internalism and externalism
5931:Existentialism and Humanism
5893:Rose, Eugene (Fr. Seraphim)
5869:Phenomenology of Perception
5823:Luper, Steven, ed. (2000).
5814:Kierkegaard, SĂžren (1847).
5805:Kierkegaard, SĂžren (1849).
5796:Kierkegaard, SĂžren (1843).
5787:Kierkegaard, SĂžren (1843).
5778:Kierkegaard, SĂžren (1846).
5769:Kierkegaard, SĂžren (1843).
5760:Kierkegaard, SĂžren (1855).
4836:Sartre, Jean-Paul (2000) .
3627:University of Toronto Press
3456:Michelman, Stephen (2010).
3431:Wartenberg, Thomas (2009).
3013:Existentialism and Humanism
2754:Solomon, Robert C. (1974).
2635:
2510:, based on the writings of
2320:
2171:in 1944, an existentialist
1808:Shi ni itaru yamai, soshite
1807:
1653:Phenomenology of Perception
1648:existential phenomenologist
917:
367:
10:
14636:
14575:20th century in philosophy
14570:19th century in philosophy
13083:A Treatise of Human Nature
12142:
9392:Existence precedes essence
7461:Svatantrika and Prasangika
7100:
6209:Existence precedes essence
5938:Stewart, Jon, ed. (2011).
5929:Sartre, Jean-Paul (1945).
5920:Sartre, Jean-Paul (1943).
5865:Merleau-Ponty, M. (1962).
5730:Deurzen, Emmy van (2010).
5673:(1st ed.). Doubleday.
5650:Introducing Existentialism
5631:Introducing Existentialism
5551:
4222:McDonald, William (2017),
4143:McDonald, William (2009).
3757:3.2 The Ideality of Values
2973:Daigle, Christine (2006).
2379:
2217:meaning of human existence
2160:
1387:After the Second World War
1295:Two Russian philosophers,
1216:
1112:
1094:existence precedes essence
1048:as two specific examples.
1026:
972:
921:
878:
830:
824:
820:
802:
760:
727:
611:
505:
379:Existence precedes essence
376:
373:Existence precedes essence
317:existence precedes essence
40:
36:Existence (disambiguation)
32:Existential quantification
29:
14303:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
14283:
14201:
14038:
13873:
13744:Standard Average European
13612:
13441:
13361:
13299:
13206:
13051:
12817:
12542:
12471:
12333:
12208:
12150:
12082:
12014:
11918:
11803:
11723:
11658:
11580:
11487:
11472:
11424:
11386:
11098:
11023:
10898:
10889:
10819:
10756:
10747:
10678:
10608:
10532:
10331:
10071:
9799:
9643:
9585:
9527:Hermeneutics of suspicion
9290:
9165:
8729:
8655:
8607:
8507:
8469:
8416:
8383:
8374:
8370:
8353:
8303:
8215:
8053:
8044:
7977:
7760:
7751:
7729:
7684:
7626:
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7532:
7523:
7486:
7357:
7222:
7169:
7160:
7110:
7106:
7095:
7034:
7006:
6963:
6915:
6872:
6825:
6797:
6749:
6721:
6683:Philosophy of mathematics
6673:Philosophy of information
6648:
6644:
6633:
6593:
6588:Links to related articles
6539:
6354:
6268:
6261:
6162:
6121:
5711:Cooper, David E. (1999).
5667:Barrett, William (1958).
5600:Les Nouvelles littéraires
5559:Flynn, Thomas R. (2006).
5385:Existential Psychotherapy
5055:Thomas, Paul Lee (2008).
4855:Earnshaw, Steven (2006).
4693:Cecil Woolf, 1988, p. 43.
4008:"Ethics - Existentialism"
3897:10.1177/00221678211032065
3678:Marxists Internet Archive
3619:Mariani, Umberto (2010).
3293:Rethinking Existentialism
3290:Webber, Jonathan (2018).
3070:10.1017/S0031819100065955
3029:. Cambridge. p. 316.
2855:Kaufmann, Walter (1956).
2735:Macquarrie, John (1972).
2653:Existential phenomenology
2240:Edinburgh Festival Fringe
2108:Voyage au bout de la nuit
1801:
1290:"das Zwischenmenschliche"
1157:, and various strands of
1109:Kierkegaard and Nietzsche
119:inquiry that explore the
91:Clockwise from top left:
14585:Criticism of rationalism
14443:Lancaster House Treaties
13933:Christian existentialism
13893:Ancient Roman philosophy
13883:Ancient Greek philosophy
12434:Universal prescriptivism
11668:Friedrich Schleiermacher
11254:Theories about religions
11056:Inconsistent revelations
10585:Philosophy of psychology
10520:Simulacra and Simulation
9507:Transvaluation of values
9313:Apollonian and Dionysian
5754:Art & Existentialism
5734:(2nd ed.). London:
5678:Cattarini, L.S. (2018).
5263:10.1177/0021934705285563
5251:Journal of Black Studies
4822:, issue 102, accessible
4745:"Existentialism in Film"
4395:, Pelican, 1973, p. 110.
3460:. Lanham, Maryland: The
3208:Lundestad, 1998, p. 169.
3025:Crowell, Steven (2011).
3007:(Editions Nagel, 1946);
2840:Breisach, Ernst (1962).
2527:philosophical counseling
2508:Terror management theory
2063:The Shawshank Redemption
1225:Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo
928:Christian existentialism
924:Atheistic existentialism
171:, all of whom critiqued
14221:Equality before the law
13428:Romano-Germanic culture
12223:Artificial intelligence
10450:Critique of Pure Reason
8152:Postanalytic philosophy
8093:Experimental philosophy
5807:The Sickness Unto Death
5762:Attack Upon Christendom
5633:. Cambridge, UK: Icon.
5565:Oxford University Press
5335:Frankl, Viktor (2000).
5306:. New York: Routledge.
5021:Cotkin, George (2005).
4826:, accessed 3 June 2014.
4604:William J. Richardson,
4457:Baert, Patrick (2015).
4408:, Pelican, 1973, p. 96.
4198:Lowrie, Walter (1969).
4165:Watts, Michael (2003).
4128:Marino, Gordon (2004).
4063:EmbryâRiddle University
4012:Encyclopedia Britannica
3187:(in Norwegian BokmÄl).
2913:Kleinman, Paul (2013).
2813:Oxford University Press
2719:Charles Scribner's Sons
2683:Philosophical pessimism
2668:List of existentialists
2432:symbolic interactionism
2426:, antipositivist micro-
1816:The Sickness Unto Death
1770:Neon Genesis Evangelion
1628:, and helped introduce
1611:The Ethics of Ambiguity
1305:All Things Are Possible
1193:, quoted Dostoyevsky's
1003:'s philosophical essay
969:Confusion with nihilism
492:later published as the
277:On the Concept of Irony
14383:Eastern European Group
13972:Continental philosophy
13903:Judeo-Christian ethics
13888:Hellenistic philosophy
13369:Cradle of civilization
11532:Gaunilo of Marmoutiers
10672:Philosophy of religion
10041:Typeâtoken distinction
9869:Hypostatic abstraction
9651:Abstract object theory
9577:Philosophy of language
9542:Linguistic determinism
9452:Masterâslave dialectic
9427:Historical materialism
8723:Continental philosophy
8285:Social constructionism
7297:Hellenistic philosophy
6713:Theoretical philosophy
6688:Philosophy of religion
6678:Philosophy of language
6547:Continental philosophy
6244:
6200:
6047:The Existential Primer
5976:Wartenberg, Thomas E.
5771:The Concept of Anxiety
5625:Appignanesi, Richard;
4323:Buber, Martin (1970).
4249:The portable Nietzsche
3554:Hodder & Stoughton
3217:Slagstad, 2001, p. 89.
2946:Cooper, D. E. (1990).
2713:Lavrin, Janko (1971).
2633:
2553:philosophers, such as
2484:
2098:Louis-Ferdinand CĂ©line
2093:
1996:Michelangelo Antonioni
1720:
1684:
1542:
1418:
1196:The Brothers Karamazov
1184:Notes from Underground
872:
757:The Other and the Look
524:
430:
334:Although many outside
319:", as the philosopher
261:
240:
34:. For other uses, see
14595:Metaphysical theories
14503:Three Seas Initiative
14478:Pacific Islands Forum
14343:BritishâIrish Council
14091:Greek Orthodox Church
13550:Industrial Revolution
13520:Scientific Revolution
13147:The Methods of Ethics
12385:Divine command theory
12380:Ideal observer theory
12067:Faith and rationality
12022:Criticism of religion
11960:Robert Merrihew Adams
11950:Nicholas Wolterstorff
11153:Divine command theory
10630:Philosophy portal
10510:Being and Nothingness
9926:Mental representation
9457:Masterâslave morality
9265:Psychoanalytic theory
8668:Philosophy portal
8187:Scientific skepticism
8167:Reformed epistemology
6693:Philosophy of science
6059:Journals and articles
5922:Being and Nothingness
5607:HĂźncu, Adela (2023).
5431:10.1002/9781119167198
5425:(1 ed.). Wiley.
5312:10.4324/9780203900758
4687:An Odyssey to Freedom
4685:K. Gunnar Bergström,
4505:Force of Circumstance
4347:Maurice S. Friedman,
4173:. Oneworld. pp.
4152:(Summer 2009 Edition)
3839:Being and Nothingness
3837:(1992). "Chapter 1".
3789:Being and Nothingness
3698:Psychoanalytic Review
3435:. Oxford: One World.
3336:The Sartre Dictionary
3262:From Plato to Derrida
3015:(Eyre Methuen, 1948).
2673:Meaning (existential)
2613:
2597:Being and Nothingness
2504:Humanistic psychology
2467:
2410:. A later figure was
2290:Theatre of the Absurd
2191:Theatre of the Absurd
2153:fate in the works of
2081:
1697:
1644:Maurice Merleau-Ponty
1537:
1501:Being and Nothingness
1435:Being and Nothingness
1409:
1166:Twilight of the Idols
1020:Being and Nothingness
932:Jewish existentialism
856:
751:Being and Nothingness
676:Being and Nothingness
515:
441:, bearing the blame.
425:Concluding Postscript
403:
288:Maurice Merleau-Ponty
14498:Special Relationship
13908:Christian philosophy
13853:Western Christianity
13515:Age of Enlightenment
13389:Hellenistic Kingdoms
13264:Political philosophy
12057:Religious philosophy
11537:Pico della Mirandola
11502:Anselm of Canterbury
11434:Augustinian theodicy
11346:Religious skepticism
10679:Concepts in religion
10555:Feminist metaphysics
8088:Critical rationalism
7795:Edo neo-Confucianism
7639:Acintya bheda abheda
7618:Renaissance humanism
7329:School of the Sextii
6703:Practical philosophy
6698:Political philosophy
6071:Existential Analysis
5024:Existential American
4656:"Simone de Beauvoir"
4623:"A New 'L'Ătranger'"
4503:Simone de Beauvoir,
4030:Kierkegaard, Soren.
3771:, "Existentialism",
3744:3. Freedom and Value
3729:, "Existentialism",
2465:. Yalom states that
2418:as a young man. His
2326:Black existentialism
2238:first staged at the
2037:Synecdoche, New York
1984:Jean-Pierre Melville
1630:existential theology
1582:The Myth of Sisyphus
1475:The Roads to Freedom
1410:French philosophers
1326:secondary reflection
1319:Metaphysical Journal
1249:José Ortega y Gasset
1206:Crime and Punishment
1006:The Myth of Sisyphus
997:existential nihilism
975:Existential nihilism
592:The Myth of Sisyphus
427:, Hong pp. 357â358.)
243:) was coined by the
14523:West Nordic Council
14388:Eastern Partnership
13977:Analytic philosophy
13678:Classical tradition
13500:Early modern period
13456:Classical antiquity
13451:European Bronze Age
13234:Evolutionary ethics
13195:Reasons and Persons
13171:A Theory of Justice
12325:Uncertain sentience
12042:History of religion
11743:Friedrich Nietzsche
11620:Gottfried W Leibniz
11615:Nicolas Malebranche
11547:King James VI and I
10827:Abrahamic religions
10400:Daneshnameh-ye Alai
9911:Linguistic modality
9277:Speculative realism
7659:Nimbarka Sampradaya
7570:Korean Confucianism
7317:Academic Skepticism
4591:RĂŒdiger Safranski,
4533:RĂŒdiger Safranski,
4224:"SĂžren Kierkegaard"
4145:"SĂžren Kierkegaard"
3919:Aho, Kevin (2023),
3890:: 002216782110320.
3464:, Inc. p. 27.
3110:'s introduction to
2582:Sartre's philosophy
2382:Existential therapy
1690:Film and television
1658:Humanism and Terror
1527:. A selection from
1481:The Blood of Others
1346:Existenzphilosophie
1233:Miguel de Cervantes
1227:, in his 1913 book
1062:To be, or not to be
1054:William Shakespeare
986:Friedrich Nietzsche
771:and its account of
530:Abrahamic religious
423:SĂžren Kierkegaard (
321:Frederick Copleston
165:Friedrich Nietzsche
147:world; living with
105:Friedrich Nietzsche
14610:Philosophy of life
13982:Post-structuralism
13945:Christian humanism
13575:Universal suffrage
13229:Ethics in religion
13224:Descriptive ethics
13059:Nicomachean Ethics
12052:Religious language
12032:Ethics in religion
11990:William Lane Craig
11865:Charles Hartshorne
11605:Desiderius Erasmus
11507:Augustine of Hippo
11449:Inconsistent triad
11411:Apophatic theology
11406:Logical positivism
11388:Religious language
11008:Watchmaker analogy
10973:Necessary existent
10749:Conceptions of God
10709:Intelligent design
10590:Philosophy of self
10580:Philosophy of mind
9844:Embodied cognition
9756:Scientific realism
9397:Existential crisis
9328:Binary oppositions
9255:Post-structuralism
8280:Post-structuralism
8182:Scientific realism
8137:Quinean naturalism
8117:Logical positivism
8073:Analytical Marxism
7292:Peripatetic school
7204:Chinese naturalism
6731:Aesthetic response
6658:Applied philosophy
6214:Existential crisis
6076:2008-08-27 at the
5798:Fear and Trembling
5135:on October 6, 2014
4844:. London: Penguin.
3787:Jean-Paul Sartre,
3333:Cox, Gary (2008).
3307:Burnham, Douglas.
3011:Jean-Paul Sartre,
2609:Letter on Humanism
2551:Logical positivist
2542:General criticisms
2436:post-structuralism
2414:, who briefly met
2394:was influenced by
2334:Frederick Douglass
2126:Rainer Maria Rilke
2094:
2048:existential crisis
1940:A Clockwork Orange
1910:Ghost in the Shell
1721:
1626:Christian theology
1600:Simone de Beauvoir
1553:Letter on Humanism
1543:
1450:Les Temps Modernes
1419:
1416:Simone de Beauvoir
1369:National Socialism
1330:primary reflection
1324:Marcel contrasted
1309:The Destiny of Man
1213:Early 20th century
1201:existential crisis
1017:'s final words in
963:Christian Theology
959:Early Christianity
957:into the field of
833:Existential crisis
763:Other (philosophy)
525:
495:Letter on Humanism
284:Simone de Beauvoir
193:Simone de Beauvoir
143:in the face of an
133:existential crises
97:Simone de Beauvoir
14552:
14551:
14546:
14545:
14373:Council of Europe
14275:International law
14228:Constitutionalism
14086:Eastern Orthodoxy
13592:PostâCold War era
13525:Age of Revolution
13379:Greco-Roman world
13317:
13316:
13284:Social philosophy
13269:Population ethics
13259:Philosophy of law
13239:History of ethics
12722:Political freedom
12399:Euthyphro dilemma
12190:Suffering-focused
12110:
12109:
12010:
12009:
11970:Peter van Inwagen
11955:Richard Swinburne
11900:George I Mavrodes
11760:Vladimir Solovyov
11700:SĂžren Kierkegaard
11625:William Wollaston
11572:William of Ockham
11552:Marcion of Sinope
11454:Irenaean theodicy
11444:Euthyphro dilemma
11371:Transcendentalism
11200:Womanist theology
11190:Feminist theology
11094:
11093:
10885:
10884:
10771:Divine simplicity
10691:Euthyphro dilemma
10638:
10637:
9817:Category of being
9786:Truthmaker theory
9603:
9602:
9537:Linguistic theory
9442:Intersubjectivity
8689:
8688:
8651:
8650:
8647:
8646:
8643:
8642:
8349:
8348:
8345:
8344:
8341:
8340:
8068:Analytic feminism
8040:
8039:
8002:Kierkegaardianism
7964:Transcendentalism
7924:Neo-scholasticism
7770:Classical Realism
7747:
7746:
7519:
7518:
7334:Neopythagoreanism
7091:
7090:
7087:
7086:
6708:Social philosophy
6580:
6579:
6567:Transcendentalism
6535:
6534:
6022:Crowell, Steven.
5949:978-1-4094-2641-7
5884:978-0-7100-3613-1
5745:978-0-415-37643-3
5689:978-0-9739986-1-0
5440:978-1-119-16715-0
5363:Flynn, Thomas R.
5321:978-0-203-90075-8
5231:Kernan, Alvin B.
5129:The Horror Review
5102:978-0-8203-2993-2
5068:978-1-4331-0090-1
5034:978-0-8018-8200-5
5000:978-0-87805-781-8
4966:978-0-7864-8259-7
4929:978-0-585-33727-2
4893:978-0-86418-090-2
4800:Los Angeles Times
4404:John Macquarrie,
4391:John Macquarrie,
4334:978-0-684-71725-8
4301:978-3-95489-277-8
4275:, Scribner, 1997.
4271:Hubben, William.
4258:978-0-14-015062-9
4184:978-1-85168-317-8
3848:978-0-230-00673-7
3835:Sartre, Jean Paul
3691:Keen, E. (1973).
3662:Sartre, Jean-Paul
3636:978-1-4426-9314-2
3598:978-0-252-01468-0
3563:978-1-4441-3421-6
3518:978-1-134-35114-5
3471:978-0-8108-7589-0
3442:978-1-78074-020-1
3343:. pp. 41â42.
3271:978-0-13-158591-1
3134:978-0-141-18549-1
3113:Sartre, Jean-Paul
2924:978-1-4405-6767-4
2895:978-0-87220-595-6
2826:978-0-19-866132-0
2743:. pp. 14â15.
2523:Gerd B. Achenbach
2424:social psychology
2392:Ludwig Binswanger
2258:Waiting for Godot
2200:Waiting for Godot
2082:First edition of
2028:Christopher Nolan
1988:François Truffaut
1904:The Great Silence
1837:I Heart Huckabees
1795:SĂžren Kierkegaard
1634:The Courage to Be
1577:Summer in Algiers
1439:French Resistance
1403:outside Germany.
1199:as an example of
1098:School of Isfahan
1046:SĂžren Kierkegaard
1011:SĂžren Kierkegaard
955:demythologization
773:intersubjectivity
671:
670:
663:
568:Miguel de Unamuno
540:SĂžren Kierkegaard
241:L'existentialisme
169:Fyodor Dostoevsky
161:SĂžren Kierkegaard
93:SĂžren Kierkegaard
16:(Redirected from
14627:
14580:1940s neologisms
14418:EU Customs Union
13950:Secular humanism
13898:Christian ethics
13848:EastâWest Schism
13831:Physical culture
13555:Great Divergence
13505:Age of Discovery
13344:
13337:
13330:
13321:
13320:
13307:
13306:
13254:Moral psychology
13199:
13191:
13183:
13179:Practical Ethics
13175:
13167:
13163:Principia Ethica
13159:
13151:
13143:
13135:
13127:
13119:
13111:
13103:
13095:
13087:
13079:
13071:
13067:Ethics (Spinoza)
13063:
12702:Moral imperative
12160:Consequentialism
12137:
12130:
12123:
12114:
12113:
12100:
12099:
12090:
11995:Ali Akbar Rashad
11858:Reinhold Niebuhr
11818:Bertrand Russell
11813:George Santayana
11710:Albrecht Ritschl
11695:Ludwig Feuerbach
11485:
11484:
11481:(by date active)
11341:Process theology
11086:Russell's teapot
10896:
10895:
10891:Existence of God
10801:Process theology
10754:
10753:
10739:Theological veto
10702:religious belief
10665:
10658:
10651:
10642:
10641:
10628:
10627:
10626:
10616:
10615:
10525:
10515:
10505:
10495:
10485:
10475:
10465:
10455:
10445:
10435:
10425:
10415:
10405:
10395:
10385:
10375:
10365:
10355:
10345:
10021:Substantial form
9833:Cogito, ergo sum
9776:Substance theory
9630:
9623:
9616:
9607:
9606:
9193:Frankfurt School
8716:
8709:
8702:
8693:
8692:
8678:
8677:
8666:
8665:
8664:
8381:
8380:
8372:
8371:
8355:
8354:
8245:Frankfurt School
8192:Transactionalism
8142:Normative ethics
8122:Legal positivism
8098:Falsificationism
8083:Consequentialism
8078:Communitarianism
8051:
8050:
7919:New Confucianism
7758:
7757:
7565:Neo-Confucianism
7530:
7529:
7339:Second Sophistic
7324:Middle Platonism
7167:
7166:
7108:
7107:
7097:
7096:
6940:Epiphenomenalism
6807:Consequentialism
6741:Institutionalism
6646:
6645:
6635:
6634:
6620:
6613:
6606:
6597:
6596:
6584:
6583:
6557:Marxist humanism
6266:
6265:
6249:
6205:
6154:Phenomenological
6108:
6101:
6094:
6085:
6084:
6037:
6028:Zalta, Edward N.
6024:"Existentialism"
6003:
5994:"Existentialism"
5981:
5972:
5953:
5934:
5925:
5916:
5915:on 2 March 2013.
5911:. Archived from
5888:
5872:
5861:
5849:
5838:
5819:
5810:
5801:
5792:
5783:
5774:
5765:
5749:
5726:
5707:
5701:
5693:
5674:
5663:
5644:
5612:
5578:
5545:
5531:
5525:
5518:
5512:
5505:
5499:
5494:Carnap, Rudolf,
5492:
5486:
5483:
5477:
5476:
5474:
5473:
5467:ernestbecker.org
5459:
5453:
5452:
5416:
5410:
5408:
5388:
5375:
5369:
5368:
5360:
5354:
5347:
5341:
5340:
5332:
5326:
5325:
5297:
5291:
5290:
5246:
5240:
5229:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5219:
5204:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5194:
5179:
5173:
5166:
5160:
5150:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5140:
5131:. Archived from
5120:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5109:
5086:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5075:
5052:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5018:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5007:
4984:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4973:
4950:
4944:
4943:
4938:
4936:
4921:
4911:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4900:
4877:
4871:
4870:
4852:
4846:
4845:
4840:. Translated by
4833:
4827:
4816:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4806:
4791:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4766:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4741:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4716:
4710:
4703:
4694:
4683:
4677:
4670:
4664:
4663:
4651:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4615:
4609:
4602:
4596:
4589:
4583:
4576:
4570:
4563:
4557:
4546:
4540:
4531:
4525:
4522:Camus and Sartre
4520:Ronald Aronson,
4518:
4512:
4509:Camus and Sartre
4501:
4495:
4492:Camus and Sartre
4490:Ronald Aronson,
4488:
4482:
4476:Camus and Sartre
4474:Ronald Aronson,
4472:
4463:
4462:
4454:
4448:
4441:
4435:
4428:
4422:
4415:
4409:
4402:
4396:
4389:
4383:
4376:
4365:
4360:Ernst Breisach,
4358:
4352:
4345:
4339:
4338:
4320:
4314:
4313:
4287:
4276:
4269:
4263:
4262:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4219:
4213:
4210:
4204:
4203:
4195:
4189:
4188:
4172:
4162:
4156:
4155:
4140:
4134:
4133:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4109:Wahl, Jean André
4105:
4099:
4093:
4087:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4050:
4044:
4041:
4035:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4004:
3998:
3992:
3986:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3973:
3962:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3941:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3921:"Existentialism"
3916:
3910:
3909:
3899:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3831:
3825:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3798:
3792:
3785:
3776:
3773:2.3 Authenticity
3766:
3760:
3753:
3747:
3740:
3734:
3724:
3715:
3714:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3675:
3674:
3658:
3652:
3651:
3645:
3643:
3616:
3607:
3606:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3543:
3534:
3533:
3527:
3525:
3498:
3489:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3428:
3419:
3418:
3394:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3309:"Existentialism"
3304:
3298:
3297:
3287:
3276:
3275:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3237:
3231:
3229:
3224:
3218:
3215:
3209:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3160:on 5 August 2021
3145:
3139:
3138:
3121:Penguin Classics
3104:
3098:
3097:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3038:
3030:
3022:
3016:
3002:
2996:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2970:
2964:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2879:
2873:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2810:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2786:"Existentialism"
2781:
2764:
2763:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2732:
2723:
2722:
2710:
2658:Existential risk
2565:(e.g., an apple
2488:Emmy van Deurzen
2476:EugĂšne Minkowski
2142:Luigi Pirandello
2012:Andrei Tarkovsky
1916:Harold and Maude
1879:The Seventh Seal
1812:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1791:Jean-Paul Sartre
1513:Georges Bataille
1505:Alexandre KojĂšve
1497:Martin Heidegger
1455:secular humanism
1412:Jean-Paul Sartre
1393:Jean-Paul Sartre
1348:. For Jaspers, "
1301:Nikolai Berdyaev
1219:Martin Heidegger
1135:and Nietzsche's
1052:also identified
1015:Jean-Paul Sartre
965:, respectively.
951:Rudolph Bultmann
870:
703:future-facticity
666:
659:
655:
652:
646:
626:
625:
618:
572:Luigi Pirandello
428:
415:eins, zwei, drei
266:
253:Jean-Paul Sartre
223:life's meaning.
189:Martin Heidegger
181:Jean-Paul Sartre
101:Jean-Paul Sartre
85:
76:
65:
56:
21:
14635:
14634:
14630:
14629:
14628:
14626:
14625:
14624:
14615:Social theories
14555:
14554:
14553:
14548:
14547:
14542:
14508:UKUSA Agreement
14448:Lublin Triangle
14333:Baltic Assembly
14285:
14279:
14197:
14034:
13869:
13739:Eurolinguistics
13608:
13597:Information age
13570:Interwar period
13437:
13357:
13348:
13318:
13313:
13295:
13202:
13197:
13189:
13181:
13173:
13165:
13157:
13149:
13141:
13133:
13125:
13117:
13109:
13101:
13093:
13085:
13077:
13069:
13061:
13047:
12820:
12813:
12737:Self-discipline
12697:Moral hierarchy
12645:Problem of evil
12590:Double standard
12580:Culture of life
12538:
12467:
12414:Non-cognitivism
12329:
12204:
12146:
12141:
12111:
12106:
12078:
12006:
12002:Alexander Pruss
11985:Jean-Luc Marion
11940:Alvin Plantinga
11935:Dewi Z Phillips
11922:
11920:
11914:
11885:Walter Kaufmann
11875:Frithjof Schuon
11848:Rudolf Bultmann
11805:
11799:
11795:Joseph Maréchal
11785:Pavel Florensky
11780:Sergei Bulgakov
11765:Ernst Troeltsch
11748:Harald HĂžffding
11725:
11719:
11690:William Whewell
11678:Georg W F Hegel
11673:Karl C F Krause
11660:
11654:
11650:Johann G Herder
11640:Baron d'Holbach
11590:Augustin Calmet
11576:
11492:
11480:
11479:
11476:
11468:
11426:Problem of evil
11420:
11416:Verificationism
11382:
11090:
11036:Atheist's Wager
11019:
10881:
10815:
10743:
10719:Problem of evil
10674:
10669:
10639:
10634:
10624:
10622:
10604:
10528:
10523:
10513:
10503:
10493:
10483:
10473:
10463:
10453:
10443:
10433:
10423:
10413:
10403:
10393:
10383:
10373:
10370:De rerum natura
10363:
10353:
10343:
10327:
10067:
9971:Physical object
9807:Abstract object
9795:
9781:Theory of forms
9716:Meaning of life
9639:
9634:
9604:
9599:
9581:
9572:Postcolonialism
9567:Linguistic turn
9497:Totalitarianism
9462:Oedipus complex
9323:Being in itself
9286:
9198:German idealism
9178:Critical theory
9161:
9077:Ortega y Gasset
8725:
8720:
8690:
8685:
8662:
8660:
8639:
8603:
8503:
8465:
8412:
8366:
8365:
8337:
8326:Russian cosmism
8299:
8295:Western Marxism
8260:New Historicism
8225:Critical theory
8211:
8207:Wittgensteinian
8103:Foundationalism
8036:
7973:
7954:Social contract
7810:Foundationalism
7743:
7725:
7709:Illuminationism
7694:Aristotelianism
7680:
7669:Vishishtadvaita
7622:
7574:
7515:
7482:
7353:
7282:Megarian school
7277:Eretrian school
7218:
7179:Agriculturalism
7156:
7102:
7083:
7030:
7002:
6959:
6911:
6868:
6852:Incompatibilism
6821:
6793:
6745:
6717:
6640:
6629:
6624:
6589:
6581:
6576:
6572:Western Marxism
6552:German idealism
6531:
6482:Ortega y Gasset
6350:
6257:
6195:Being in itself
6158:
6117:
6112:
6078:Wayback Machine
6065:Stirrings Still
6061:
5992:
5989:
5984:
5969:
5950:
5909:
5885:
5858:
5835:
5746:
5723:
5695:
5694:
5690:
5660:
5641:
5620:
5618:Further reading
5615:
5586:
5581:
5575:
5554:
5549:
5548:
5532:
5528:
5519:
5515:
5509:The Angry Years
5507:Colin, Wilson,
5506:
5502:
5493:
5489:
5484:
5480:
5471:
5469:
5461:
5460:
5456:
5441:
5417:
5413:
5405:
5379:Yalom, Irvin D.
5376:
5372:
5361:
5357:
5348:
5344:
5333:
5329:
5322:
5298:
5294:
5247:
5243:
5230:
5226:
5217:
5215:
5213:Washington Post
5205:
5201:
5192:
5190:
5180:
5176:
5167:
5163:
5151:
5147:
5138:
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5087:
5083:
5073:
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5015:
5005:
5003:
5001:
4985:
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4951:
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4934:
4932:
4930:
4912:
4908:
4898:
4896:
4894:
4878:
4874:
4867:
4853:
4849:
4842:Baldick, Robert
4834:
4830:
4817:
4813:
4804:
4802:
4792:
4788:
4779:
4777:
4768:
4767:
4763:
4754:
4752:
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4718:
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4713:
4704:
4697:
4684:
4680:
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4638:
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4616:
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4603:
4599:
4590:
4586:
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4547:
4543:
4532:
4528:
4519:
4515:
4502:
4498:
4489:
4485:
4473:
4466:
4461:. Polity Press.
4455:
4451:
4442:
4438:
4429:
4425:
4416:
4412:
4403:
4399:
4390:
4386:
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3579:
3575:
3564:
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3523:
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3519:
3499:
3492:
3483:
3479:
3472:
3462:Scarecrow Press
3454:
3450:
3443:
3429:
3422:
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3385:
3381:
3366:
3352:
3348:
3331:
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3225:
3221:
3216:
3212:
3207:
3203:
3194:
3192:
3177:
3173:
3163:
3161:
3148:Abulof, Uriel.
3146:
3142:
3135:
3105:
3101:
3052:
3048:
3032:
3031:
3023:
3019:
3003:
2999:
2990:
2986:
2971:
2967:
2959:
2955:
2944:
2940:
2925:
2917:. Adams Media.
2911:
2907:
2896:
2880:
2876:
2868:
2864:
2853:
2849:
2838:
2834:
2827:
2801:
2797:
2782:
2767:
2762:. pp. 1â2.
2752:
2748:
2733:
2726:
2711:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2688:Self-reflection
2638:
2593:Herbert Marcuse
2584:
2571:The Angry Years
2547:Walter Kaufmann
2544:
2539:
2444:Michel Foucault
2384:
2378:
2323:
2163:
2155:H. P. Lovecraft
2076:
2032:Charlie Kaufman
2008:Stanley Kubrick
2004:Terrence Malick
1992:Jean-Luc Godard
1855:Ordinary People
1798:
1775:science fiction
1737:human condition
1724:Stanley Kubrick
1692:
1687:
1682:
1638:Rudolf Bultmann
1517:Louis Althusser
1509:Raymond Queneau
1389:
1221:
1215:
1179:
1133:knight of faith
1117:
1111:
1106:
1038:William Barrett
1034:
1029:
977:
971:
934:
920:
887:
877:
871:
868:
835:
829:
823:
807:
801:
799:Angst and dread
765:
759:
732:
726:
667:
656:
650:
647:
639:help improve it
636:
627:
623:
616:
610:
510:
504:
429:
422:
405:The subjective
381:
375:
370:
304:
259:, published as
245:French Catholic
229:
123:, purpose, and
110:
109:
108:
107:
88:
87:
86:
78:
77:
68:
67:
66:
58:
57:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
14633:
14623:
14622:
14617:
14612:
14607:
14602:
14597:
14592:
14587:
14582:
14577:
14572:
14567:
14565:Existentialism
14550:
14549:
14544:
14543:
14541:
14540:
14538:Westernization
14535:
14530:
14525:
14520:
14518:VisegrĂĄd Group
14515:
14510:
14505:
14500:
14495:
14490:
14485:
14480:
14475:
14470:
14465:
14460:
14458:Nordic Council
14455:
14450:
14445:
14440:
14435:
14430:
14425:
14420:
14415:
14410:
14405:
14400:
14395:
14390:
14385:
14380:
14375:
14370:
14365:
14360:
14355:
14353:Bucharest Nine
14350:
14345:
14340:
14335:
14330:
14325:
14320:
14318:Arctic Council
14315:
14310:
14305:
14300:
14295:
14289:
14287:
14281:
14280:
14278:
14277:
14272:
14267:
14266:
14265:
14260:
14255:
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14224:
14223:
14213:
14207:
14205:
14199:
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14184:
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14178:
14173:
14168:
14163:
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14156:
14151:
14146:
14136:
14131:
14126:
14116:
14115:
14114:
14113:
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14071:
14070:
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14030:
14020:
14015:
14010:
14009:
14008:
13996:
13995:
13994:
13984:
13979:
13974:
13969:
13964:
13959:
13954:
13953:
13952:
13947:
13937:
13936:
13935:
13928:Existentialism
13925:
13920:
13915:
13910:
13905:
13900:
13895:
13890:
13885:
13879:
13877:
13871:
13870:
13868:
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13866:
13865:
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13855:
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13821:
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13810:
13809:
13799:
13794:
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13787:
13782:
13772:
13771:
13770:
13760:
13759:
13758:
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13726:
13721:
13716:
13715:
13714:
13704:
13699:
13698:
13697:
13687:
13686:
13685:
13675:
13674:
13673:
13663:
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13634:
13629:
13618:
13616:
13610:
13609:
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13604:
13599:
13589:
13588:
13587:
13582:
13577:
13572:
13567:
13562:
13557:
13552:
13547:
13542:
13537:
13532:
13527:
13522:
13517:
13512:
13507:
13502:
13492:
13487:
13486:
13485:
13480:
13475:
13465:
13464:
13463:
13461:Late antiquity
13453:
13447:
13445:
13439:
13438:
13436:
13435:
13430:
13425:
13420:
13415:
13414:
13413:
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13411:
13406:
13396:
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13386:
13376:
13371:
13365:
13363:
13359:
13358:
13347:
13346:
13339:
13332:
13324:
13315:
13314:
13312:
13311:
13300:
13297:
13296:
13294:
13293:
13286:
13281:
13279:Secular ethics
13276:
13274:Rehabilitation
13271:
13266:
13261:
13256:
13251:
13246:
13241:
13236:
13231:
13226:
13221:
13216:
13210:
13208:
13204:
13203:
13201:
13200:
13192:
13184:
13176:
13168:
13160:
13152:
13144:
13139:Utilitarianism
13136:
13128:
13120:
13112:
13104:
13096:
13088:
13080:
13072:
13064:
13055:
13053:
13049:
13048:
13046:
13045:
13040:
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13030:
13025:
13020:
13015:
13010:
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13000:
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12900:
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12890:
12885:
12880:
12875:
12870:
12865:
12860:
12855:
12850:
12845:
12840:
12835:
12830:
12824:
12822:
12815:
12814:
12812:
12811:
12806:
12801:
12796:
12791:
12790:
12789:
12784:
12779:
12769:
12764:
12759:
12754:
12749:
12744:
12739:
12734:
12729:
12724:
12719:
12714:
12709:
12704:
12699:
12694:
12689:
12684:
12679:
12674:
12669:
12664:
12659:
12654:
12649:
12648:
12647:
12642:
12637:
12627:
12622:
12617:
12612:
12607:
12602:
12597:
12592:
12587:
12582:
12577:
12572:
12567:
12562:
12557:
12552:
12546:
12544:
12540:
12539:
12537:
12536:
12531:
12526:
12521:
12516:
12511:
12506:
12501:
12499:Existentialist
12496:
12491:
12486:
12481:
12475:
12473:
12469:
12468:
12466:
12465:
12464:
12463:
12453:
12448:
12443:
12438:
12437:
12436:
12431:
12426:
12421:
12411:
12406:
12401:
12396:
12394:Constructivism
12391:
12390:
12389:
12388:
12387:
12382:
12372:
12371:
12370:
12368:Non-naturalism
12365:
12350:
12345:
12339:
12337:
12331:
12330:
12328:
12327:
12322:
12317:
12312:
12307:
12302:
12297:
12292:
12287:
12282:
12277:
12272:
12267:
12262:
12261:
12260:
12250:
12245:
12240:
12235:
12230:
12225:
12220:
12214:
12212:
12206:
12205:
12203:
12202:
12197:
12195:Utilitarianism
12192:
12187:
12182:
12177:
12172:
12167:
12162:
12156:
12154:
12148:
12147:
12140:
12139:
12132:
12125:
12117:
12108:
12107:
12105:
12104:
12094:
12083:
12080:
12079:
12077:
12076:
12069:
12064:
12059:
12054:
12049:
12044:
12039:
12034:
12029:
12024:
12018:
12016:
12015:Related topics
12012:
12011:
12008:
12007:
12005:
12004:
11998:
11997:
11992:
11987:
11982:
11977:
11975:Daniel Dennett
11972:
11967:
11965:Ravi Zacharias
11962:
11957:
11952:
11947:
11942:
11937:
11932:
11930:William L Rowe
11926:
11924:
11916:
11915:
11913:
11912:
11907:
11905:William Alston
11902:
11897:
11892:
11887:
11882:
11877:
11872:
11867:
11861:
11860:
11855:
11853:Gabriel Marcel
11850:
11845:
11840:
11835:
11830:
11825:
11820:
11815:
11809:
11807:
11801:
11800:
11798:
11797:
11792:
11790:Ernst Cassirer
11787:
11782:
11777:
11772:
11767:
11762:
11756:
11755:
11750:
11745:
11740:
11735:
11729:
11727:
11721:
11720:
11718:
11717:
11712:
11707:
11702:
11697:
11692:
11687:
11685:Thomas Carlyle
11681:
11680:
11675:
11670:
11664:
11662:
11656:
11655:
11653:
11652:
11647:
11642:
11637:
11632:
11627:
11622:
11617:
11612:
11610:Baruch Spinoza
11607:
11602:
11597:
11595:René Descartes
11592:
11586:
11584:
11578:
11577:
11575:
11574:
11569:
11567:Thomas Aquinas
11564:
11559:
11554:
11549:
11544:
11539:
11534:
11529:
11524:
11519:
11514:
11509:
11504:
11498:
11496:
11482:
11473:
11470:
11469:
11467:
11466:
11461:
11456:
11451:
11446:
11441:
11436:
11430:
11428:
11422:
11421:
11419:
11418:
11413:
11408:
11403:
11398:
11392:
11390:
11384:
11383:
11381:
11380:
11373:
11368:
11363:
11358:
11353:
11348:
11343:
11338:
11336:Possibilianism
11333:
11328:
11323:
11318:
11313:
11308:
11303:
11298:
11293:
11292:
11291:
11286:
11281:
11271:
11266:
11261:
11256:
11251:
11246:
11245:
11244:
11239:
11234:
11224:
11219:
11214:
11212:Fundamentalism
11209:
11204:
11203:
11202:
11197:
11187:
11186:
11185:
11180:
11173:Existentialism
11170:
11165:
11160:
11155:
11150:
11145:
11140:
11135:
11130:
11125:
11120:
11115:
11110:
11104:
11102:
11096:
11095:
11092:
11091:
11089:
11088:
11083:
11078:
11073:
11068:
11066:Noncognitivism
11063:
11058:
11053:
11048:
11043:
11038:
11033:
11027:
11025:
11021:
11020:
11018:
11017:
11015:Transcendental
11012:
11011:
11010:
11005:
10995:
10990:
10985:
10983:Pascal's wager
10980:
10975:
10970:
10965:
10960:
10955:
10950:
10945:
10940:
10935:
10934:
10933:
10928:
10918:
10913:
10911:Christological
10908:
10902:
10900:
10893:
10887:
10886:
10883:
10882:
10880:
10879:
10874:
10869:
10864:
10859:
10854:
10849:
10844:
10839:
10834:
10829:
10823:
10821:
10817:
10816:
10814:
10813:
10808:
10803:
10798:
10793:
10788:
10783:
10778:
10773:
10768:
10763:
10757:
10751:
10745:
10744:
10742:
10741:
10736:
10731:
10726:
10721:
10716:
10711:
10706:
10705:
10704:
10693:
10688:
10682:
10680:
10676:
10675:
10668:
10667:
10660:
10653:
10645:
10636:
10635:
10633:
10632:
10620:
10609:
10606:
10605:
10603:
10602:
10597:
10592:
10587:
10582:
10577:
10572:
10567:
10562:
10557:
10552:
10547:
10542:
10536:
10534:
10533:Related topics
10530:
10529:
10527:
10526:
10516:
10506:
10500:Being and Time
10496:
10486:
10476:
10466:
10456:
10446:
10436:
10426:
10416:
10406:
10396:
10386:
10376:
10366:
10356:
10346:
10335:
10333:
10329:
10328:
10326:
10325:
10318:
10313:
10308:
10303:
10298:
10293:
10288:
10283:
10278:
10273:
10268:
10263:
10258:
10253:
10248:
10243:
10238:
10233:
10228:
10223:
10218:
10213:
10208:
10203:
10198:
10193:
10188:
10183:
10178:
10173:
10168:
10163:
10158:
10153:
10148:
10143:
10138:
10133:
10128:
10123:
10118:
10113:
10108:
10103:
10098:
10093:
10088:
10083:
10077:
10075:
10073:Metaphysicians
10069:
10068:
10066:
10065:
10058:
10053:
10048:
10043:
10038:
10033:
10028:
10023:
10018:
10013:
10008:
10003:
9998:
9993:
9988:
9983:
9978:
9973:
9968:
9963:
9958:
9953:
9948:
9943:
9938:
9933:
9928:
9923:
9918:
9913:
9908:
9903:
9898:
9893:
9892:
9891:
9881:
9876:
9871:
9866:
9861:
9856:
9851:
9846:
9841:
9836:
9829:
9827:Causal closure
9824:
9819:
9814:
9809:
9803:
9801:
9797:
9796:
9794:
9793:
9788:
9783:
9778:
9773:
9768:
9763:
9758:
9753:
9748:
9743:
9738:
9733:
9728:
9723:
9718:
9713:
9708:
9703:
9701:Libertarianism
9698:
9693:
9688:
9686:Existentialism
9683:
9678:
9673:
9668:
9663:
9658:
9653:
9647:
9645:
9641:
9640:
9633:
9632:
9625:
9618:
9610:
9601:
9600:
9598:
9597:
9592:
9586:
9583:
9582:
9580:
9579:
9574:
9569:
9564:
9559:
9554:
9549:
9544:
9539:
9534:
9529:
9524:
9519:
9514:
9509:
9504:
9499:
9494:
9492:Self-deception
9489:
9484:
9479:
9474:
9469:
9464:
9459:
9454:
9449:
9444:
9439:
9434:
9429:
9424:
9419:
9414:
9409:
9404:
9399:
9394:
9389:
9384:
9379:
9374:
9369:
9362:
9361:
9360:
9355:
9350:
9340:
9338:Class struggle
9335:
9330:
9325:
9320:
9315:
9310:
9305:
9303:Always already
9300:
9294:
9292:
9288:
9287:
9285:
9284:
9279:
9274:
9269:
9268:
9267:
9260:Psychoanalysis
9257:
9252:
9247:
9242:
9237:
9235:Non-philosophy
9232:
9230:Neo-Kantianism
9227:
9226:
9225:
9220:
9210:
9205:
9200:
9195:
9190:
9188:Existentialism
9185:
9183:Deconstruction
9180:
9175:
9169:
9167:
9163:
9162:
9160:
9159:
9154:
9149:
9144:
9139:
9134:
9129:
9124:
9119:
9114:
9109:
9104:
9099:
9094:
9089:
9084:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9059:
9054:
9049:
9044:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9009:
9004:
8999:
8994:
8989:
8984:
8979:
8974:
8969:
8964:
8959:
8954:
8949:
8944:
8939:
8934:
8929:
8924:
8919:
8914:
8909:
8904:
8899:
8894:
8889:
8884:
8879:
8874:
8869:
8864:
8859:
8854:
8849:
8844:
8839:
8834:
8829:
8824:
8819:
8814:
8809:
8804:
8799:
8794:
8789:
8784:
8779:
8774:
8769:
8764:
8759:
8754:
8749:
8744:
8739:
8733:
8731:
8727:
8726:
8719:
8718:
8711:
8704:
8696:
8687:
8686:
8684:
8683:
8671:
8656:
8653:
8652:
8649:
8648:
8645:
8644:
8641:
8640:
8638:
8637:
8632:
8627:
8622:
8617:
8611:
8609:
8605:
8604:
8602:
8601:
8596:
8591:
8586:
8581:
8576:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8536:
8535:
8534:
8524:
8519:
8513:
8511:
8505:
8504:
8502:
8501:
8496:
8491:
8486:
8481:
8475:
8473:
8471:Middle Eastern
8467:
8466:
8464:
8463:
8458:
8453:
8448:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8422:
8420:
8414:
8413:
8411:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8389:
8387:
8378:
8368:
8367:
8364:
8363:
8359:
8351:
8350:
8347:
8346:
8343:
8342:
8339:
8338:
8336:
8335:
8328:
8323:
8318:
8313:
8307:
8305:
8301:
8300:
8298:
8297:
8292:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8262:
8257:
8252:
8247:
8242:
8237:
8235:Existentialism
8232:
8230:Deconstruction
8227:
8221:
8219:
8213:
8212:
8210:
8209:
8204:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8109:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8063:Applied ethics
8059:
8057:
8048:
8042:
8041:
8038:
8037:
8035:
8034:
8029:
8027:Nietzscheanism
8024:
8019:
8014:
8009:
8004:
7999:
7998:
7997:
7987:
7981:
7979:
7975:
7974:
7972:
7971:
7969:Utilitarianism
7966:
7961:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7876:
7871:
7870:
7869:
7867:Transcendental
7864:
7859:
7854:
7849:
7844:
7834:
7833:
7832:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7805:Existentialism
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7761:
7755:
7749:
7748:
7745:
7744:
7742:
7741:
7735:
7733:
7727:
7726:
7724:
7723:
7718:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7690:
7688:
7682:
7681:
7679:
7678:
7673:
7672:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7656:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7630:
7628:
7624:
7623:
7621:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7593:Augustinianism
7590:
7584:
7582:
7576:
7575:
7573:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7536:
7534:
7527:
7521:
7520:
7517:
7516:
7514:
7513:
7508:
7506:Zoroastrianism
7503:
7498:
7492:
7490:
7484:
7483:
7481:
7480:
7479:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7428:
7427:
7426:
7421:
7411:
7410:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7363:
7361:
7355:
7354:
7352:
7351:
7349:Church Fathers
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7320:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7304:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7263:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7231:
7229:
7220:
7219:
7217:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7175:
7173:
7164:
7158:
7157:
7155:
7154:
7153:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7122:
7116:
7114:
7104:
7103:
7093:
7092:
7089:
7088:
7085:
7084:
7082:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7040:
7038:
7032:
7031:
7029:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7012:
7010:
7004:
7003:
7001:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6969:
6967:
6961:
6960:
6958:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6921:
6919:
6913:
6912:
6910:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6878:
6876:
6870:
6869:
6867:
6866:
6864:Libertarianism
6861:
6860:
6859:
6849:
6848:
6847:
6837:
6831:
6829:
6823:
6822:
6820:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6803:
6801:
6795:
6794:
6792:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6755:
6753:
6747:
6746:
6744:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6727:
6725:
6719:
6718:
6716:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6668:Metaphilosophy
6665:
6660:
6654:
6652:
6642:
6641:
6631:
6630:
6623:
6622:
6615:
6608:
6600:
6594:
6591:
6590:
6578:
6577:
6575:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6543:
6541:
6537:
6536:
6533:
6532:
6530:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6358:
6356:
6352:
6351:
6349:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6272:
6270:
6263:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6255:
6250:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6166:
6164:
6160:
6159:
6157:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6125:
6123:
6119:
6118:
6115:Existentialism
6111:
6110:
6103:
6096:
6088:
6082:
6081:
6068:
6060:
6057:
6056:
6055:
6050:
6043:
6038:
6019:
6007:Existentialism
6004:
5988:
5987:External links
5985:
5983:
5982:
5973:
5967:
5959:Existentialism
5954:
5948:
5935:
5926:
5917:
5907:
5889:
5883:
5862:
5856:
5839:
5833:
5820:
5811:
5802:
5793:
5784:
5775:
5766:
5757:
5750:
5744:
5727:
5721:
5708:
5688:
5675:
5664:
5658:
5645:
5639:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5613:
5604:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5579:
5573:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5537:Being and Time
5526:
5513:
5511:(2007), p. 214
5500:
5487:
5478:
5454:
5439:
5411:
5403:
5370:
5367:. p. 323.
5355:
5349:Stewart, Jon.
5342:
5327:
5320:
5292:
5257:(6): 914â935.
5241:
5224:
5199:
5174:
5161:
5145:
5115:
5101:
5081:
5067:
5061:. Peter Lang.
5047:
5033:
5013:
4999:
4979:
4965:
4945:
4928:
4906:
4892:
4872:
4865:
4847:
4828:
4820:Philosophy Now
4811:
4786:
4761:
4736:
4711:
4695:
4678:
4665:
4646:
4619:Messud, Claire
4610:
4597:
4584:
4571:
4558:
4541:
4526:
4513:
4496:
4483:
4464:
4449:
4436:
4423:
4410:
4406:Existentialism
4397:
4393:Existentialism
4384:
4366:
4353:
4340:
4333:
4315:
4300:
4277:
4264:
4257:
4239:
4214:
4205:
4190:
4183:
4157:
4135:
4120:
4100:
4088:
4075:
4045:
4036:
4023:
3999:
3987:
3978:
3957:
3936:
3911:
3874:
3854:
3847:
3826:
3822:2.2 Alienation
3813:
3793:
3777:
3761:
3748:
3735:
3716:
3683:
3653:
3635:
3608:
3597:
3573:
3562:
3535:
3517:
3490:
3477:
3470:
3448:
3441:
3420:
3405:
3379:
3364:
3346:
3325:
3299:
3277:
3270:
3252:
3232:
3219:
3210:
3201:
3171:
3140:
3133:
3099:
3046:
3017:
2997:
2984:
2965:
2953:
2938:
2923:
2905:
2894:
2874:
2862:
2847:
2832:
2825:
2795:
2765:
2756:Existentialism
2746:
2737:Existentialism
2724:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2678:Meaning-making
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2648:Disenchantment
2645:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2583:
2580:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2463:Irvin D. Yalom
2400:Edmund Husserl
2380:Main article:
2377:
2374:
2322:
2319:
2298:EugĂšne Ionesco
2294:Samuel Beckett
2253:Samuel Beckett
2195:Samuel Beckett
2162:
2159:
2075:
2072:
2000:Akira Kurosawa
1980:Robert Bresson
1972:Ingmar Bergman
1952:Apocalypse Now
1773:is a Japanese
1741:kangaroo court
1732:Paths of Glory
1716:Paths of Glory
1699:Adolphe Menjou
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1605:The Second Sex
1529:Being and Time
1493:Edmund Husserl
1401:Being and Time
1388:
1385:
1373:Being and Time
1315:Gabriel Marcel
1214:
1211:
1178:
1175:
1159:psychotherapy.
1113:Main article:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1070:Thomas Carlyle
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
970:
967:
919:
916:
876:
873:
866:
825:Main article:
822:
819:
803:Main article:
800:
797:
761:Main article:
758:
755:
728:Main article:
725:
722:
679:(1943) as the
669:
668:
630:
628:
621:
612:Main article:
609:
606:
506:Main article:
503:
500:
485:Being and Time
476:Sedimentations
420:
407:thinker's form
377:Main article:
374:
371:
369:
366:
365:
364:
349:
325:Steven Crowell
312:existentialist
308:existentialism
303:
300:
249:Gabriel Marcel
233:existentialism
228:
225:
201:Gabriel Marcel
113:Existentialism
90:
89:
80:
79:
71:
70:
69:
60:
59:
51:
50:
49:
48:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
14632:
14621:
14618:
14616:
14613:
14611:
14608:
14606:
14603:
14601:
14598:
14596:
14593:
14591:
14590:Individualism
14588:
14586:
14583:
14581:
14578:
14576:
14573:
14571:
14568:
14566:
14563:
14562:
14560:
14539:
14536:
14534:
14531:
14529:
14526:
14524:
14521:
14519:
14516:
14514:
14511:
14509:
14506:
14504:
14501:
14499:
14496:
14494:
14491:
14489:
14486:
14484:
14483:PROSUR/PROSUL
14481:
14479:
14476:
14474:
14471:
14469:
14466:
14464:
14461:
14459:
14456:
14454:
14451:
14449:
14446:
14444:
14441:
14439:
14436:
14434:
14431:
14429:
14426:
14424:
14421:
14419:
14416:
14414:
14411:
14409:
14406:
14404:
14401:
14399:
14396:
14394:
14391:
14389:
14386:
14384:
14381:
14379:
14378:Craiova Group
14376:
14374:
14371:
14369:
14366:
14364:
14361:
14359:
14356:
14354:
14351:
14349:
14346:
14344:
14341:
14339:
14336:
14334:
14331:
14329:
14326:
14324:
14321:
14319:
14316:
14314:
14311:
14309:
14306:
14304:
14301:
14299:
14296:
14294:
14293:ABCANZ Armies
14291:
14290:
14288:
14282:
14276:
14273:
14271:
14268:
14264:
14261:
14259:
14256:
14254:
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14249:
14246:
14244:
14241:
14239:
14236:
14235:
14234:
14231:
14229:
14226:
14222:
14219:
14218:
14217:
14214:
14212:
14209:
14208:
14206:
14204:
14200:
14194:
14191:
14189:
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14182:
14179:
14177:
14174:
14172:
14169:
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14150:
14147:
14145:
14142:
14141:
14140:
14137:
14135:
14132:
14130:
14127:
14125:
14122:
14121:
14120:
14117:
14111:
14108:
14107:
14106:
14103:
14099:
14098:Protestantism
14096:
14092:
14089:
14088:
14087:
14084:
14080:
14077:
14076:
14075:
14072:
14068:
14064:
14061:
14060:
14059:
14056:
14055:
14054:
14051:
14050:
14049:
14046:
14045:
14043:
14041:
14037:
14029:
14026:
14025:
14024:
14021:
14019:
14018:Sovereigntism
14016:
14014:
14011:
14007:
14006:
14002:
14001:
14000:
13997:
13993:
13990:
13989:
13988:
13985:
13983:
13980:
13978:
13975:
13973:
13970:
13968:
13965:
13963:
13960:
13958:
13955:
13951:
13948:
13946:
13943:
13942:
13941:
13938:
13934:
13931:
13930:
13929:
13926:
13924:
13921:
13919:
13916:
13914:
13913:Scholasticism
13911:
13909:
13906:
13904:
13901:
13899:
13896:
13894:
13891:
13889:
13886:
13884:
13881:
13880:
13878:
13876:
13872:
13864:
13861:
13859:
13856:
13854:
13851:
13849:
13846:
13845:
13844:
13841:
13837:
13834:
13833:
13832:
13829:
13825:
13822:
13820:
13817:
13816:
13815:
13812:
13808:
13805:
13804:
13803:
13800:
13798:
13795:
13791:
13788:
13786:
13783:
13781:
13778:
13777:
13776:
13773:
13769:
13766:
13765:
13764:
13761:
13757:
13754:
13753:
13752:
13749:
13745:
13742:
13740:
13737:
13736:
13735:
13732:
13730:
13727:
13725:
13722:
13720:
13717:
13713:
13710:
13709:
13708:
13705:
13703:
13700:
13696:
13693:
13692:
13691:
13688:
13684:
13681:
13680:
13679:
13676:
13672:
13669:
13668:
13667:
13664:
13662:
13659:
13655:
13652:
13651:
13650:
13647:
13645:
13642:
13638:
13635:
13633:
13630:
13628:
13625:
13624:
13623:
13620:
13619:
13617:
13615:
13611:
13603:
13602:War on terror
13600:
13598:
13595:
13594:
13593:
13590:
13586:
13583:
13581:
13578:
13576:
13573:
13571:
13568:
13566:
13563:
13561:
13558:
13556:
13553:
13551:
13548:
13546:
13543:
13541:
13538:
13536:
13533:
13531:
13528:
13526:
13523:
13521:
13518:
13516:
13513:
13511:
13508:
13506:
13503:
13501:
13498:
13497:
13496:
13495:Modern period
13493:
13491:
13488:
13484:
13481:
13479:
13476:
13474:
13471:
13470:
13469:
13466:
13462:
13459:
13458:
13457:
13454:
13452:
13449:
13448:
13446:
13444:
13440:
13434:
13431:
13429:
13426:
13424:
13421:
13419:
13416:
13410:
13407:
13405:
13402:
13401:
13400:
13397:
13395:
13392:
13390:
13387:
13385:
13382:
13381:
13380:
13377:
13375:
13372:
13370:
13367:
13366:
13364:
13360:
13356:
13352:
13351:Western world
13345:
13340:
13338:
13333:
13331:
13326:
13325:
13322:
13310:
13302:
13301:
13298:
13292:
13291:
13287:
13285:
13282:
13280:
13277:
13275:
13272:
13270:
13267:
13265:
13262:
13260:
13257:
13255:
13252:
13250:
13247:
13245:
13242:
13240:
13237:
13235:
13232:
13230:
13227:
13225:
13222:
13220:
13217:
13215:
13212:
13211:
13209:
13205:
13196:
13193:
13188:
13185:
13180:
13177:
13172:
13169:
13164:
13161:
13156:
13153:
13148:
13145:
13140:
13137:
13132:
13129:
13124:
13121:
13116:
13113:
13108:
13105:
13100:
13097:
13092:
13089:
13084:
13081:
13076:
13073:
13068:
13065:
13060:
13057:
13056:
13054:
13050:
13044:
13041:
13039:
13036:
13034:
13031:
13029:
13026:
13024:
13021:
13019:
13016:
13014:
13011:
13009:
13006:
13004:
13001:
12999:
12996:
12994:
12991:
12989:
12986:
12984:
12981:
12979:
12976:
12974:
12971:
12969:
12966:
12964:
12961:
12959:
12956:
12954:
12951:
12949:
12946:
12944:
12941:
12939:
12936:
12934:
12931:
12929:
12926:
12924:
12921:
12919:
12916:
12914:
12911:
12909:
12906:
12904:
12901:
12899:
12896:
12894:
12891:
12889:
12886:
12884:
12881:
12879:
12876:
12874:
12871:
12869:
12866:
12864:
12861:
12859:
12856:
12854:
12851:
12849:
12846:
12844:
12841:
12839:
12836:
12834:
12831:
12829:
12826:
12825:
12823:
12821:
12816:
12810:
12807:
12805:
12802:
12800:
12797:
12795:
12792:
12788:
12785:
12783:
12780:
12778:
12775:
12774:
12773:
12770:
12768:
12765:
12763:
12760:
12758:
12755:
12753:
12750:
12748:
12745:
12743:
12740:
12738:
12735:
12733:
12730:
12728:
12725:
12723:
12720:
12718:
12715:
12713:
12710:
12708:
12705:
12703:
12700:
12698:
12695:
12693:
12692:Moral courage
12690:
12688:
12685:
12683:
12680:
12678:
12675:
12673:
12670:
12668:
12665:
12663:
12660:
12658:
12655:
12653:
12650:
12646:
12643:
12641:
12638:
12636:
12633:
12632:
12631:
12630:Good and evil
12628:
12626:
12623:
12621:
12618:
12616:
12615:Family values
12613:
12611:
12608:
12606:
12603:
12601:
12598:
12596:
12593:
12591:
12588:
12586:
12583:
12581:
12578:
12576:
12573:
12571:
12568:
12566:
12563:
12561:
12558:
12556:
12553:
12551:
12548:
12547:
12545:
12541:
12535:
12532:
12530:
12527:
12525:
12522:
12520:
12517:
12515:
12512:
12510:
12507:
12505:
12502:
12500:
12497:
12495:
12492:
12490:
12487:
12485:
12482:
12480:
12477:
12476:
12474:
12470:
12462:
12459:
12458:
12457:
12454:
12452:
12449:
12447:
12444:
12442:
12439:
12435:
12432:
12430:
12429:Quasi-realism
12427:
12425:
12422:
12420:
12417:
12416:
12415:
12412:
12410:
12407:
12405:
12402:
12400:
12397:
12395:
12392:
12386:
12383:
12381:
12378:
12377:
12376:
12373:
12369:
12366:
12364:
12361:
12360:
12359:
12356:
12355:
12354:
12351:
12349:
12346:
12344:
12341:
12340:
12338:
12336:
12332:
12326:
12323:
12321:
12318:
12316:
12313:
12311:
12308:
12306:
12303:
12301:
12298:
12296:
12293:
12291:
12288:
12286:
12283:
12281:
12278:
12276:
12273:
12271:
12268:
12266:
12263:
12259:
12256:
12255:
12254:
12253:Environmental
12251:
12249:
12246:
12244:
12241:
12239:
12236:
12234:
12231:
12229:
12226:
12224:
12221:
12219:
12216:
12215:
12213:
12211:
12207:
12201:
12198:
12196:
12193:
12191:
12188:
12186:
12183:
12181:
12178:
12176:
12175:Particularism
12173:
12171:
12168:
12166:
12163:
12161:
12158:
12157:
12155:
12153:
12149:
12145:
12138:
12133:
12131:
12126:
12124:
12119:
12118:
12115:
12103:
12095:
12093:
12089:
12085:
12084:
12081:
12075:
12074:
12070:
12068:
12065:
12063:
12060:
12058:
12055:
12053:
12050:
12048:
12045:
12043:
12040:
12038:
12035:
12033:
12030:
12028:
12025:
12023:
12020:
12019:
12017:
12013:
12003:
12000:
11999:
11996:
11993:
11991:
11988:
11986:
11983:
11981:
11978:
11976:
11973:
11971:
11968:
11966:
11963:
11961:
11958:
11956:
11953:
11951:
11948:
11946:
11945:Anthony Kenny
11943:
11941:
11938:
11936:
11933:
11931:
11928:
11927:
11925:
11917:
11911:
11908:
11906:
11903:
11901:
11898:
11896:
11893:
11891:
11888:
11886:
11883:
11881:
11878:
11876:
11873:
11871:
11870:Mircea Eliade
11868:
11866:
11863:
11862:
11859:
11856:
11854:
11851:
11849:
11846:
11844:
11841:
11839:
11836:
11834:
11831:
11829:
11826:
11824:
11821:
11819:
11816:
11814:
11811:
11810:
11808:
11802:
11796:
11793:
11791:
11788:
11786:
11783:
11781:
11778:
11776:
11773:
11771:
11768:
11766:
11763:
11761:
11758:
11757:
11754:
11753:William James
11751:
11749:
11746:
11744:
11741:
11739:
11736:
11734:
11733:Ernst Haeckel
11731:
11730:
11728:
11722:
11716:
11713:
11711:
11708:
11706:
11703:
11701:
11698:
11696:
11693:
11691:
11688:
11686:
11683:
11682:
11679:
11676:
11674:
11671:
11669:
11666:
11665:
11663:
11657:
11651:
11648:
11646:
11645:Immanuel Kant
11643:
11641:
11638:
11636:
11633:
11631:
11628:
11626:
11623:
11621:
11618:
11616:
11613:
11611:
11608:
11606:
11603:
11601:
11600:Blaise Pascal
11598:
11596:
11593:
11591:
11588:
11587:
11585:
11583:
11579:
11573:
11570:
11568:
11565:
11563:
11560:
11558:
11555:
11553:
11550:
11548:
11545:
11543:
11540:
11538:
11535:
11533:
11530:
11528:
11525:
11523:
11520:
11518:
11515:
11513:
11510:
11508:
11505:
11503:
11500:
11499:
11497:
11495:
11490:
11486:
11483:
11478:
11471:
11465:
11462:
11460:
11457:
11455:
11452:
11450:
11447:
11445:
11442:
11440:
11437:
11435:
11432:
11431:
11429:
11427:
11423:
11417:
11414:
11412:
11409:
11407:
11404:
11402:
11401:Language game
11399:
11397:
11394:
11393:
11391:
11389:
11385:
11379:
11378:
11374:
11372:
11369:
11367:
11364:
11362:
11359:
11357:
11354:
11352:
11349:
11347:
11344:
11342:
11339:
11337:
11334:
11332:
11329:
11327:
11324:
11322:
11319:
11317:
11314:
11312:
11309:
11307:
11304:
11302:
11299:
11297:
11294:
11290:
11287:
11285:
11282:
11280:
11277:
11276:
11275:
11272:
11270:
11267:
11265:
11262:
11260:
11257:
11255:
11252:
11250:
11247:
11243:
11240:
11238:
11235:
11233:
11230:
11229:
11228:
11225:
11223:
11220:
11218:
11215:
11213:
11210:
11208:
11205:
11201:
11198:
11196:
11193:
11192:
11191:
11188:
11184:
11181:
11179:
11176:
11175:
11174:
11171:
11169:
11166:
11164:
11161:
11159:
11156:
11154:
11151:
11149:
11146:
11144:
11141:
11139:
11136:
11134:
11131:
11129:
11126:
11124:
11121:
11119:
11116:
11114:
11111:
11109:
11106:
11105:
11103:
11101:
11097:
11087:
11084:
11082:
11079:
11077:
11074:
11072:
11071:Occam's razor
11069:
11067:
11064:
11062:
11059:
11057:
11054:
11052:
11049:
11047:
11044:
11042:
11039:
11037:
11034:
11032:
11029:
11028:
11026:
11022:
11016:
11013:
11009:
11006:
11004:
11001:
11000:
10999:
10996:
10994:
10991:
10989:
10986:
10984:
10981:
10979:
10976:
10974:
10971:
10969:
10966:
10964:
10961:
10959:
10956:
10954:
10951:
10949:
10946:
10944:
10941:
10939:
10936:
10932:
10929:
10927:
10924:
10923:
10922:
10919:
10917:
10916:Consciousness
10914:
10912:
10909:
10907:
10904:
10903:
10901:
10897:
10894:
10892:
10888:
10878:
10875:
10873:
10870:
10868:
10865:
10863:
10860:
10858:
10855:
10853:
10850:
10848:
10845:
10843:
10840:
10838:
10835:
10833:
10830:
10828:
10825:
10824:
10822:
10818:
10812:
10811:Unmoved mover
10809:
10807:
10806:Supreme Being
10804:
10802:
10799:
10797:
10794:
10792:
10789:
10787:
10784:
10782:
10779:
10777:
10774:
10772:
10769:
10767:
10764:
10762:
10759:
10758:
10755:
10752:
10750:
10746:
10740:
10737:
10735:
10732:
10730:
10727:
10725:
10722:
10720:
10717:
10715:
10712:
10710:
10707:
10703:
10699:
10698:
10697:
10694:
10692:
10689:
10687:
10684:
10683:
10681:
10677:
10673:
10666:
10661:
10659:
10654:
10652:
10647:
10646:
10643:
10631:
10621:
10619:
10611:
10610:
10607:
10601:
10598:
10596:
10593:
10591:
10588:
10586:
10583:
10581:
10578:
10576:
10575:Phenomenology
10573:
10571:
10568:
10566:
10563:
10561:
10558:
10556:
10553:
10551:
10548:
10546:
10543:
10541:
10538:
10537:
10535:
10531:
10522:
10521:
10517:
10512:
10511:
10507:
10502:
10501:
10497:
10492:
10491:
10487:
10482:
10481:
10477:
10472:
10471:
10467:
10462:
10461:
10457:
10452:
10451:
10447:
10442:
10441:
10437:
10432:
10431:
10427:
10422:
10421:
10417:
10412:
10411:
10407:
10402:
10401:
10397:
10392:
10391:
10387:
10382:
10381:
10377:
10372:
10371:
10367:
10362:
10361:
10357:
10352:
10351:
10347:
10342:
10341:
10337:
10336:
10334:
10332:Notable works
10330:
10324:
10323:
10319:
10317:
10314:
10312:
10309:
10307:
10304:
10302:
10299:
10297:
10294:
10292:
10289:
10287:
10284:
10282:
10279:
10277:
10274:
10272:
10269:
10267:
10264:
10262:
10259:
10257:
10254:
10252:
10249:
10247:
10244:
10242:
10239:
10237:
10234:
10232:
10229:
10227:
10224:
10222:
10219:
10217:
10214:
10212:
10209:
10207:
10204:
10202:
10199:
10197:
10194:
10192:
10189:
10187:
10184:
10182:
10179:
10177:
10174:
10172:
10169:
10167:
10164:
10162:
10159:
10157:
10154:
10152:
10149:
10147:
10144:
10142:
10139:
10137:
10134:
10132:
10129:
10127:
10124:
10122:
10119:
10117:
10114:
10112:
10109:
10107:
10104:
10102:
10099:
10097:
10094:
10092:
10089:
10087:
10084:
10082:
10079:
10078:
10076:
10074:
10070:
10064:
10063:
10059:
10057:
10054:
10052:
10049:
10047:
10044:
10042:
10039:
10037:
10034:
10032:
10029:
10027:
10024:
10022:
10019:
10017:
10014:
10012:
10009:
10007:
10004:
10002:
9999:
9997:
9994:
9992:
9989:
9987:
9984:
9982:
9979:
9977:
9974:
9972:
9969:
9967:
9964:
9962:
9959:
9957:
9954:
9952:
9949:
9947:
9944:
9942:
9939:
9937:
9934:
9932:
9929:
9927:
9924:
9922:
9919:
9917:
9914:
9912:
9909:
9907:
9904:
9902:
9899:
9897:
9894:
9890:
9887:
9886:
9885:
9882:
9880:
9877:
9875:
9872:
9870:
9867:
9865:
9862:
9860:
9857:
9855:
9852:
9850:
9847:
9845:
9842:
9840:
9837:
9835:
9834:
9830:
9828:
9825:
9823:
9820:
9818:
9815:
9813:
9810:
9808:
9805:
9804:
9802:
9798:
9792:
9789:
9787:
9784:
9782:
9779:
9777:
9774:
9772:
9769:
9767:
9764:
9762:
9759:
9757:
9754:
9752:
9749:
9747:
9744:
9742:
9739:
9737:
9736:Phenomenalism
9734:
9732:
9729:
9727:
9724:
9722:
9719:
9717:
9714:
9712:
9709:
9707:
9704:
9702:
9699:
9697:
9694:
9692:
9689:
9687:
9684:
9682:
9679:
9677:
9674:
9672:
9669:
9667:
9664:
9662:
9659:
9657:
9656:Action theory
9654:
9652:
9649:
9648:
9646:
9642:
9638:
9631:
9626:
9624:
9619:
9617:
9612:
9611:
9608:
9596:
9593:
9591:
9588:
9587:
9584:
9578:
9575:
9573:
9570:
9568:
9565:
9563:
9560:
9558:
9557:Media studies
9555:
9553:
9550:
9548:
9545:
9543:
9540:
9538:
9535:
9533:
9530:
9528:
9525:
9523:
9522:Will to power
9520:
9518:
9515:
9513:
9510:
9508:
9505:
9503:
9500:
9498:
9495:
9493:
9490:
9488:
9485:
9483:
9480:
9478:
9475:
9473:
9470:
9468:
9465:
9463:
9460:
9458:
9455:
9453:
9450:
9448:
9447:Leap of faith
9445:
9443:
9440:
9438:
9435:
9433:
9430:
9428:
9425:
9423:
9420:
9418:
9415:
9413:
9410:
9408:
9405:
9403:
9400:
9398:
9395:
9393:
9390:
9388:
9385:
9383:
9380:
9378:
9375:
9373:
9370:
9368:
9367:
9363:
9359:
9356:
9354:
9351:
9349:
9346:
9345:
9344:
9341:
9339:
9336:
9334:
9331:
9329:
9326:
9324:
9321:
9319:
9316:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9306:
9304:
9301:
9299:
9296:
9295:
9293:
9289:
9283:
9282:Structuralism
9280:
9278:
9275:
9273:
9270:
9266:
9263:
9262:
9261:
9258:
9256:
9253:
9251:
9250:Postmodernism
9248:
9246:
9245:Phenomenology
9243:
9241:
9238:
9236:
9233:
9231:
9228:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9216:
9215:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9199:
9196:
9194:
9191:
9189:
9186:
9184:
9181:
9179:
9176:
9174:
9171:
9170:
9168:
9164:
9158:
9155:
9153:
9150:
9148:
9145:
9143:
9140:
9138:
9135:
9133:
9130:
9128:
9125:
9123:
9120:
9118:
9115:
9113:
9110:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9095:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9057:Merleau-Ponty
9055:
9053:
9050:
9048:
9045:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9010:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8995:
8993:
8990:
8988:
8985:
8983:
8980:
8978:
8975:
8973:
8970:
8968:
8965:
8963:
8960:
8958:
8955:
8953:
8950:
8948:
8945:
8943:
8940:
8938:
8935:
8933:
8930:
8928:
8925:
8923:
8920:
8918:
8915:
8913:
8910:
8908:
8905:
8903:
8900:
8898:
8895:
8893:
8890:
8888:
8885:
8883:
8880:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8868:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8855:
8853:
8850:
8848:
8845:
8843:
8840:
8838:
8835:
8833:
8830:
8828:
8825:
8823:
8820:
8818:
8815:
8813:
8810:
8808:
8805:
8803:
8800:
8798:
8795:
8793:
8790:
8788:
8785:
8783:
8780:
8778:
8775:
8773:
8770:
8768:
8765:
8763:
8760:
8758:
8755:
8753:
8750:
8748:
8745:
8743:
8740:
8738:
8735:
8734:
8732:
8728:
8724:
8717:
8712:
8710:
8705:
8703:
8698:
8697:
8694:
8682:
8681:
8672:
8670:
8669:
8658:
8657:
8654:
8636:
8633:
8631:
8628:
8626:
8623:
8621:
8618:
8616:
8613:
8612:
8610:
8608:Miscellaneous
8606:
8600:
8597:
8595:
8592:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8557:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8533:
8530:
8529:
8528:
8525:
8523:
8520:
8518:
8515:
8514:
8512:
8510:
8506:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8490:
8487:
8485:
8482:
8480:
8477:
8476:
8474:
8472:
8468:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8449:
8447:
8444:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8423:
8421:
8419:
8415:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8390:
8388:
8386:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8373:
8369:
8361:
8360:
8356:
8352:
8334:
8333:
8329:
8327:
8324:
8322:
8319:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8308:
8306:
8304:Miscellaneous
8302:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8290:Structuralism
8288:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8275:Postmodernism
8273:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8265:Phenomenology
8263:
8261:
8258:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8238:
8236:
8233:
8231:
8228:
8226:
8223:
8222:
8220:
8218:
8214:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8202:Vienna Circle
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8132:Moral realism
8130:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8108:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8060:
8058:
8056:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8043:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7996:
7993:
7992:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7982:
7980:
7976:
7970:
7967:
7965:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7934:Phenomenology
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7874:Individualism
7872:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7853:
7850:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7840:
7839:
7838:
7835:
7831:
7828:
7827:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7762:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7750:
7740:
7739:Judeo-Islamic
7737:
7736:
7734:
7732:
7728:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7716:
7715:ÊżIlm al-KalÄm
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7691:
7689:
7687:
7683:
7677:
7674:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7664:Shuddhadvaita
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7636:
7635:
7632:
7631:
7629:
7625:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7598:Scholasticism
7596:
7594:
7591:
7589:
7586:
7585:
7583:
7581:
7577:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7537:
7535:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7522:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7493:
7491:
7489:
7485:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7433:
7432:
7429:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7416:
7415:
7412:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7369:
7368:
7365:
7364:
7362:
7360:
7356:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7299:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7237:
7236:
7233:
7232:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7221:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7176:
7174:
7172:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7159:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7127:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7117:
7115:
7113:
7109:
7105:
7098:
7094:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7049:Conceptualism
7047:
7045:
7042:
7041:
7039:
7037:
7033:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7013:
7011:
7009:
7005:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6978:Particularism
6976:
6974:
6971:
6970:
6968:
6966:
6962:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6945:Functionalism
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6930:Eliminativism
6928:
6926:
6923:
6922:
6920:
6918:
6914:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6879:
6877:
6875:
6871:
6865:
6862:
6858:
6855:
6854:
6853:
6850:
6846:
6843:
6842:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6835:Compatibilism
6833:
6832:
6830:
6828:
6824:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6804:
6802:
6800:
6796:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6774:Particularism
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6756:
6754:
6752:
6748:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6728:
6726:
6724:
6720:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6655:
6653:
6651:
6647:
6643:
6636:
6632:
6628:
6621:
6616:
6614:
6609:
6607:
6602:
6601:
6598:
6592:
6585:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6562:Phenomenology
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6544:
6542:
6538:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6472:Merleau-Ponty
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6359:
6357:
6353:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6273:
6271:
6267:
6264:
6260:
6254:
6251:
6248:
6247:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6224:Leap of faith
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6204:
6203:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6167:
6165:
6161:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6126:
6124:
6120:
6116:
6109:
6104:
6102:
6097:
6095:
6090:
6089:
6086:
6079:
6075:
6072:
6069:
6066:
6063:
6062:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6048:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6035:
6034:
6029:
6025:
6020:
6018:
6014:
6013:
6008:
6005:
6001:
6000:
5995:
5991:
5990:
5979:
5974:
5970:
5968:0-19-517463-1
5964:
5960:
5955:
5951:
5945:
5941:
5936:
5932:
5927:
5923:
5918:
5914:
5910:
5908:0-938635-15-8
5904:
5900:
5899:
5894:
5890:
5886:
5880:
5876:
5871:
5870:
5863:
5859:
5857:0-375-75989-1
5853:
5848:
5847:
5840:
5836:
5834:0-7674-0587-0
5830:
5826:
5821:
5817:
5816:Works of Love
5812:
5808:
5803:
5799:
5794:
5790:
5785:
5781:
5776:
5772:
5767:
5763:
5758:
5755:
5751:
5747:
5741:
5737:
5733:
5728:
5724:
5722:0-631-21322-8
5718:
5714:
5709:
5705:
5699:
5691:
5685:
5681:
5676:
5672:
5671:
5665:
5661:
5659:1-84046-717-7
5655:
5651:
5646:
5642:
5640:1-84046-266-3
5636:
5632:
5628:
5627:Zarate, Oscar
5623:
5622:
5610:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5596:
5592:
5589:
5588:
5576:
5574:0-19-280428-6
5570:
5566:
5562:
5557:
5556:
5543:
5539:
5536:
5530:
5523:
5517:
5510:
5504:
5497:
5491:
5482:
5468:
5464:
5458:
5450:
5446:
5442:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5423:
5415:
5406:
5404:0-465-02147-6
5400:
5396:
5392:
5387:
5386:
5380:
5374:
5366:
5359:
5352:
5346:
5338:
5331:
5323:
5317:
5313:
5309:
5305:
5304:
5296:
5288:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5245:
5238:
5237:Prentice-Hall
5234:
5228:
5214:
5210:
5203:
5189:
5185:
5178:
5171:
5165:
5158:
5154:
5149:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5119:
5104:
5098:
5094:
5093:
5085:
5070:
5064:
5060:
5059:
5051:
5036:
5030:
5027:. JHU Press.
5026:
5025:
5017:
5002:
4996:
4992:
4991:
4983:
4968:
4962:
4959:. McFarland.
4958:
4957:
4949:
4942:
4931:
4925:
4920:
4919:
4910:
4895:
4889:
4885:
4884:
4876:
4868:
4866:0-8264-8530-8
4862:
4858:
4851:
4843:
4839:
4832:
4825:
4821:
4815:
4801:
4797:
4790:
4776:on 2011-01-27
4775:
4771:
4765:
4751:on 2010-01-13
4750:
4746:
4740:
4726:on 2010-01-07
4725:
4721:
4715:
4708:
4702:
4700:
4692:
4688:
4682:
4675:
4669:
4661:
4657:
4650:
4634:
4630:
4629:
4624:
4620:
4614:
4607:
4601:
4594:
4588:
4581:
4575:
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4537:
4530:
4523:
4517:
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4506:
4500:
4493:
4487:
4481:
4477:
4471:
4469:
4460:
4453:
4446:
4440:
4433:
4427:
4420:
4414:
4407:
4401:
4394:
4388:
4381:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4363:
4357:
4350:
4344:
4336:
4330:
4326:
4319:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4297:
4293:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4274:
4268:
4260:
4254:
4250:
4243:
4229:
4225:
4218:
4209:
4201:
4194:
4186:
4180:
4176:
4171:
4170:
4161:
4153:
4151:
4146:
4139:
4131:
4124:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4104:
4097:
4092:
4085:
4079:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4049:
4040:
4033:
4032:Works of Love
4027:
4013:
4009:
4003:
3997:Vol. 5, p. 5.
3996:
3991:
3982:
3967:
3961:
3946:
3940:
3926:
3922:
3915:
3907:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3878:
3864:
3858:
3850:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3830:
3823:
3817:
3803:
3797:
3790:
3784:
3782:
3774:
3770:
3765:
3758:
3752:
3745:
3739:
3732:
3728:
3723:
3721:
3712:
3708:
3705:(4): 575â85.
3704:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3687:
3679:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3657:
3649:
3638:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3615:
3613:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3585:
3577:
3569:
3565:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3550:
3542:
3540:
3531:
3520:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3505:
3497:
3495:
3487:
3481:
3473:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3452:
3444:
3438:
3434:
3427:
3425:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3406:0-06-063763-3
3402:
3398:
3393:
3392:
3383:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3365:0-06-063763-3
3361:
3357:
3350:
3342:
3338:
3337:
3329:
3314:
3310:
3303:
3295:
3294:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3273:
3267:
3263:
3256:
3242:
3236:
3223:
3214:
3205:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3175:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3144:
3136:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3109:
3103:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3064:(84): 19â37.
3063:
3059:
3058:
3050:
3042:
3036:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3001:
2994:
2988:
2980:
2976:
2969:
2963:, p. 89.
2962:
2957:
2949:
2942:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2920:
2916:
2909:
2901:
2897:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2878:
2872:, p. xi.
2871:
2866:
2858:
2851:
2843:
2836:
2828:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2809:
2808:
2799:
2791:
2787:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2761:
2757:
2750:
2742:
2738:
2731:
2729:
2721:. p. 43.
2720:
2716:
2709:
2705:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2579:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2555:Rudolf Carnap
2552:
2548:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2512:Ernest Becker
2509:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2495:psychotherapy
2491:
2489:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2412:Viktor Frankl
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2306:Arthur Adamov
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2286:Martin Esslin
2282:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2244:Shakespeare's
2241:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2193:, notably in
2192:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2165:Sartre wrote
2158:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2146:Ralph Ellison
2143:
2139:
2138:Hermann Hesse
2135:
2134:Yukio Mishima
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2080:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2058:Michel Gondry
2056:(directed by
2055:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1946:Groundhog Day
1942:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1898:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1862:
1861:Life in a Day
1857:
1856:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1826:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1809:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1755:'s 1962 film
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1728:anti-war film
1725:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1548:Jean Beaufret
1541:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1525:Jacques Lacan
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1489:phenomenology
1485:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1464:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1425:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1185:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1155:postmodernism
1151:
1150:leap of faith
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1116:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1074:William James
1071:
1067:
1066:Jules Lequier
1063:
1059:
1058:Prince Hamlet
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1042:Blaise Pascal
1039:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1002:
998:
994:
989:
987:
982:
976:
966:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
943:
939:
933:
929:
925:
915:
911:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
886:
882:
865:
862:
855:
853:
852:
851:Works of Love
847:
846:
839:
834:
828:
818:
814:
812:
806:
796:
792:
790:
786:
780:
778:
774:
770:
769:phenomenology
764:
754:
752:
747:
745:
740:
737:
731:
721:
718:
713:
711:
706:
704:
700:
694:
690:
688:
684:
683:
678:
677:
665:
662:
654:
651:November 2020
644:
640:
634:
631:This section
629:
620:
619:
615:
605:
603:
599:
594:
593:
587:
585:
581:
580:Joseph Heller
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
543:
541:
536:
535:juxtaposition
531:
522:
518:
514:
509:
499:
497:
496:
491:
490:Jean Beaufret
487:
486:
480:
477:
473:
472:sedimentation
467:
465:
461:
456:
451:
449:
448:
442:
440:
436:
426:
419:
416:
412:
408:
402:
400:
396:
392:
391:consciousness
387:
380:
362:
358:
354:
353:Rune Slagstad
350:
346:
345:
344:
342:
337:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
313:
309:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
280:
278:
274:
270:
265:
264:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
224:
220:
218:
214:
208:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
167:and novelist
166:
162:
156:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
117:philosophical
114:
106:
102:
98:
94:
84:
75:
64:
55:
44:
37:
33:
19:
18:Existentially
14528:Western Bloc
14328:AUSCANNZUKUS
14284:Contemporary
14233:Human rights
14079:Latin Church
14053:Christianity
14003:
13962:Conservatism
13927:
13807:contemporary
13644:Architecture
13580:World War II
13540:Emancipation
13535:Abolitionism
13423:Romanization
13418:Roman legacy
13399:Roman Empire
13288:
13244:Human rights
13187:After Virtue
12913:Schopenhauer
12687:Moral agency
12560:Common sense
12498:
12456:Universalism
12424:Expressivism
12404:Intuitionism
12375:Subjectivism
12320:Terraforming
12295:Professional
12071:
11890:Martin Lings
11843:Emil Brunner
11833:Paul Tillich
11823:Martin Buber
11738:W K Clifford
11715:Afrikan Spir
11630:Thomas Chubb
11582:Early modern
11562:Adi Shankara
11475:Philosophers
11459:Natural evil
11375:
11351:Spiritualism
11326:Perennialism
11279:Metaphysical
11172:
11123:Antireligion
10998:Teleological
10921:Cosmological
10872:BahĂĄÊŒĂ Faith
10837:Christianity
10796:Personal god
10550:Epistemology
10518:
10508:
10498:
10488:
10478:
10468:
10458:
10448:
10438:
10428:
10418:
10408:
10398:
10388:
10378:
10368:
10360:NyÄya SĆ«tras
10358:
10348:
10338:
10320:
10236:Wittgenstein
10181:Schopenhauer
10060:
10051:Unobservable
9901:Intelligence
9831:
9771:Subjectivism
9766:Spiritualism
9685:
9681:Essentialism
9661:Anti-realism
9487:Ressentiment
9372:Death of God
9364:
9358:Postcritique
9318:Authenticity
9208:Hermeneutics
9187:
9112:Schopenhauer
9017:LĂ©vi-Strauss
8730:Philosophers
8673:
8659:
8330:
8321:Postcritique
8311:Kyoto School
8270:Posthumanism
8250:Hermeneutics
8234:
8105: /
8046:Contemporary
8022:Newtonianism
7985:Cartesianism
7944:Reductionism
7804:
7780:Conservatism
7775:Collectivism
7713:
7441:SarvÄstivadÄ
7419:Anekantavada
7344:Neoplatonism
7312:Epicureanism
7245:Pythagoreans
7184:Confucianism
7150:Contemporary
7140:Early modern
7044:Anti-realism
6998:Universalism
6955:Subjectivism
6751:Epistemology
6502:Soloveitchik
6355:Philosophers
6246:Ressentiment
6185:Authenticity
6114:
6046:
6031:
6011:
5997:
5977:
5958:
5939:
5930:
5921:
5913:the original
5897:
5874:
5868:
5845:
5824:
5815:
5806:
5797:
5788:
5779:
5770:
5761:
5753:
5731:
5712:
5682:. Montreal.
5679:
5669:
5649:
5630:
5608:
5598:
5595:Philip Thody
5593:. Edited by
5590:
5584:Bibliography
5563:. New York:
5560:
5542:Google Books
5538:
5534:
5529:
5521:
5516:
5508:
5503:
5495:
5490:
5481:
5470:. Retrieved
5466:
5457:
5421:
5414:
5389:. New York:
5384:
5373:
5364:
5358:
5350:
5345:
5336:
5330:
5302:
5295:
5254:
5250:
5244:
5232:
5227:
5216:. Retrieved
5212:
5202:
5191:. Retrieved
5187:
5177:
5169:
5168:Cronin, A.,
5164:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5137:. Retrieved
5133:the original
5128:
5118:
5106:. Retrieved
5091:
5084:
5072:. Retrieved
5057:
5050:
5038:. Retrieved
5023:
5016:
5004:. Retrieved
4989:
4982:
4970:. Retrieved
4955:
4948:
4941:existential.
4940:
4933:. Retrieved
4917:
4909:
4897:. Retrieved
4882:
4875:
4856:
4850:
4837:
4831:
4814:
4803:. Retrieved
4799:
4789:
4778:. Retrieved
4774:the original
4764:
4753:. Retrieved
4749:the original
4739:
4728:. Retrieved
4724:the original
4714:
4706:
4690:
4686:
4681:
4673:
4668:
4659:
4649:
4637:. Retrieved
4632:
4626:
4613:
4605:
4600:
4592:
4587:
4579:
4574:
4566:
4561:
4553:
4549:
4544:
4534:
4529:
4521:
4516:
4508:
4504:
4499:
4491:
4486:
4479:
4475:
4458:
4452:
4444:
4439:
4431:
4426:
4418:
4413:
4405:
4400:
4392:
4387:
4379:
4361:
4356:
4348:
4343:
4324:
4318:
4291:
4272:
4267:
4248:
4242:
4232:, retrieved
4227:
4217:
4208:
4199:
4193:
4168:
4160:
4148:
4138:
4129:
4123:
4113:
4103:
4096:Barrett 1958
4091:
4078:
4068:November 18,
4066:. Retrieved
4058:
4048:
4039:
4031:
4026:
4015:. Retrieved
4011:
4002:
3994:
3990:
3981:
3970:. Retrieved
3960:
3949:. Retrieved
3947:. 2018-02-20
3939:
3929:, retrieved
3924:
3914:
3887:
3877:
3866:. Retrieved
3857:
3838:
3829:
3816:
3805:. Retrieved
3796:
3788:
3768:
3764:
3751:
3738:
3726:
3702:
3696:
3686:
3676:– via
3671:. Retrieved
3666:
3656:
3648:Google Books
3646:– via
3640:. Retrieved
3621:
3603:Google Books
3601:– via
3583:
3576:
3568:Google Books
3566:– via
3548:
3530:Google Books
3528:– via
3522:. Retrieved
3503:
3480:
3457:
3451:
3432:
3390:
3382:
3355:
3349:
3335:
3328:
3316:. Retrieved
3312:
3302:
3292:
3261:
3255:
3244:. Retrieved
3235:
3222:
3213:
3204:
3193:. Retrieved
3188:
3184:
3174:
3162:. Retrieved
3158:the original
3153:
3143:
3116:
3102:
3061:
3055:
3049:
3026:
3020:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2992:
2991:Ann Fulton,
2987:
2981:. p. 5.
2974:
2968:
2956:
2947:
2941:
2914:
2908:
2900:Google Books
2898:– via
2884:
2877:
2865:
2856:
2850:
2841:
2835:
2811:. New York:
2806:
2798:
2789:
2755:
2749:
2739:. New York:
2736:
2714:
2708:
2663:Existentiell
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2601:hypostatizes
2596:
2585:
2570:
2566:
2545:
2531:Michel Weber
2520:
2492:
2485:
2479:
2470:Binswanger,
2468:
2448:
2440:Georg Simmel
2385:
2366:Lewis Gordon
2346:Angela Davis
2342:Frantz Fanon
2338:W.E.B DuBois
2324:
2311:'Pataphysics
2289:
2288:in his book
2283:
2278:
2272:
2269:Jean Anouilh
2267:
2256:
2246:
2226:
2223:Tom Stoppard
2221:
2198:
2188:
2180:
2176:
2166:
2164:
2150:Jack Kerouac
2118:Albert Camus
2111:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2083:
2061:
2051:
2041:
2035:
2020:Wes Anderson
1969:
1964:Blade Runner
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1824:
1821:
1814:
1787:Hideaki Anno
1768:
1767:
1762:
1756:
1753:Orson Welles
1749:authenticity
1730:
1722:
1714:
1710:
1707:Kirk Douglas
1702:
1673:
1669:The Outsider
1667:
1664:Colin Wilson
1662:
1657:
1651:
1642:
1633:
1618:Paul Tillich
1616:
1609:
1603:
1598:
1588:The Stranger
1586:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1568:
1561:
1560:in his work
1551:
1544:
1540:Albert Camus
1528:
1521:André Breton
1500:
1486:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1459:
1448:
1442:
1441:) newspaper
1434:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1400:
1397:Albert Camus
1390:
1381:existentiale
1380:
1376:
1372:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1342:Karl Jaspers
1339:
1329:
1325:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1294:
1289:
1283:
1264:Martin Buber
1261:
1257:en situation
1256:
1252:
1242:
1236:
1228:
1222:
1204:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1169:
1165:
1163:
1145:Christianity
1125:
1118:
1104:19th century
1035:
1018:
1004:
1001:Albert Camus
990:
978:
935:
912:
888:
857:
849:
843:
840:
836:
815:
808:
793:
781:
766:
750:
748:
741:
736:Authenticity
733:
730:Authenticity
724:Authenticity
714:
707:
702:
698:
695:
691:
680:
674:
672:
657:
648:
632:
590:
588:
544:
526:
493:
483:
481:
475:
471:
468:
463:
459:
454:
452:
445:
443:
439:human nature
438:
431:
424:
414:
410:
406:
404:
385:
382:
356:
333:
311:
307:
305:
292:Albert Camus
281:
273:Neo-Socratic
272:
268:
247:philosopher
232:
230:
221:
213:authenticity
209:
205:Paul Tillich
197:Karl Jaspers
185:Albert Camus
157:
149:authenticity
112:
111:
43:Essentialism
14468:Open Balkan
14286:integration
14216:Rule of law
14211:Natural law
14188:Agnosticism
14166:Hellenistic
14144:Anglo-Saxon
14074:Catholicism
14013:Atlanticism
13918:Rationalism
13724:Immigration
13707:Esotericism
13565:World War I
13530:Romanticism
13510:Reformation
13490:Renaissance
13468:Middle Ages
13433:Christendom
13362:Foundations
13062:(c. 322 BC)
12928:Kierkegaard
12747:Stewardship
12524:Rousseauian
12441:Rationalism
12353:Cognitivism
12300:Programming
12275:Meat eating
12248:Engineering
11910:Antony Flew
11895:Peter Geach
11828:René Guénon
11775:Lev Shestov
11770:Rudolf Otto
11477:of religion
11316:Panentheism
11249:Inclusivism
11168:Exclusivism
11163:Esotericism
11133:Creationism
11113:Agnosticism
11081:Poor design
11076:Omnipotence
11003:Natural law
10978:Ontological
10931:Contingency
10781:Holy Spirit
10380:Metaphysics
10364:(c. 200 BC)
10354:(c. 350 BC)
10344:(c. 350 BC)
10231:Collingwood
10136:Malebranche
9884:Information
9812:Anima mundi
9791:Type theory
9746:Physicalism
9711:Materialism
9666:Determinism
9637:Metaphysics
9562:Film theory
9472:Ontopoetics
9377:Death drive
9353:Ideological
9272:Romanticism
9203:Hegelianism
8977:Kierkegaard
8837:Castoriadis
8797:de Beauvoir
8782:Baudrillard
8316:Objectivism
8255:Neo-Marxism
8217:Continental
8127:Meta-ethics
8107:Coherentism
8012:Hegelianism
7949:Rationalism
7909:Natural law
7889:Materialism
7815:Historicism
7785:Determinism
7676:Navya-NyÄya
7451:SautrÄntika
7446:Pudgalavada
7382:Vaisheshika
7235:Presocratic
7135:Renaissance
7074:Physicalism
7059:Materialism
6965:Normativity
6950:Objectivism
6935:Emergentism
6925:Behaviorism
6874:Metaphysics
6840:Determinism
6779:Rationalism
6452:Kierkegaard
6170:Abandonment
6012:In Our Time
5875:Colin Smith
5391:Basic Books
4824:here (link)
4169:Kierkegaard
3318:16 November
3228:(in French)
2760:McGraw-Hill
2595:criticized
2589:metaphysics
2472:Medard Boss
2455:Kierkegaard
2420:logotherapy
2370:Audre Lorde
2362:Stuart Hall
2350:Cornel West
2330:C.L.R James
2236:tragicomedy
2130:T. S. Eliot
2122:Franz Kafka
2090:Franz Kafka
2053:Mood Indigo
2024:Woody Allen
2016:Ăric Rohmer
1891:Taxi Driver
1843:Waking Life
1825:Melancholia
1745:objectivity
1311:, in 1931.
1297:Lev Shestov
1238:Don Quixote
1177:Dostoyevsky
1090:Mulla Sadra
1040:identified
895:rationalism
885:Rationalism
854:, he says:
785:Peeping Tom
744:determinism
548:Kierkegaard
521:Franz Stuck
357:existential
336:Scandinavia
306:The labels
173:rationalism
14559:Categories
14488:Rio Treaty
13999:Relativism
13957:Liberalism
13923:Empiricism
13875:Philosophy
13863:Secularism
13814:Philosophy
13751:Literature
13545:Capitalism
12958:Bonhoeffer
12667:Immorality
12610:Eudaimonia
12570:Conscience
12565:Compassion
12451:Skepticism
12446:Relativism
12363:Naturalism
12343:Absolutism
12315:Technology
12165:Deontology
11880:J L Mackie
11838:Karl Barth
11635:David Hume
11557:Maimonides
11542:Heraclitus
11331:Polytheism
11301:Nondualism
11289:Humanistic
11274:Naturalism
11264:Monotheism
11222:Henotheism
11217:Gnosticism
11148:Demonology
11031:747 gambit
10948:Experience
10786:Misotheism
10440:Monadology
10374:(c. 80 BC)
10081:Parmenides
9966:Perception
9864:Experience
9751:Relativism
9726:Naturalism
9676:Enactivism
9517:Wertkritik
9422:Hauntology
9387:Difference
9382:Différance
9122:Sloterdijk
8992:KoĆakowski
8615:Amerindian
8522:Australian
8461:Vietnamese
8441:Indonesian
7990:Kantianism
7939:Positivism
7929:Pragmatism
7904:Naturalism
7884:Liberalism
7862:Subjective
7800:Empiricism
7704:Avicennism
7649:Bhedabheda
7533:East Asian
7456:Madhyamaka
7436:Abhidharma
7302:Pyrrhonism
7069:Nominalism
7064:Naturalism
6993:Skepticism
6983:Relativism
6973:Absolutism
6902:Naturalism
6812:Deontology
6784:Skepticism
6769:Naturalism
6759:Empiricism
6723:Aesthetics
6627:Philosophy
6487:Rosenzweig
6306:Giacometti
6291:Dostoevsky
6253:Thrownness
5472:2022-11-10
5218:2008-04-07
5193:2008-06-23
5139:2015-02-17
4805:2008-11-17
4780:2010-03-08
4755:2010-03-08
4730:2010-03-08
4234:2022-11-10
4055:"Nihilism"
4017:2020-05-28
3972:2010-03-08
3951:2024-05-07
3931:2023-10-31
3868:2024-06-14
3807:2022-11-10
3673:2010-03-08
3246:2022-11-10
3195:2022-07-14
3164:12 January
3123:. p.
3119:. London:
3108:James Wood
3057:Philosophy
2961:Flynn 2006
2870:Flynn 2006
2815:. p.
2695:References
2629:existentia
2617:existentia
2559:A. J. Ayer
2537:Criticisms
2499:philosophy
2358:bell hooks
2354:Naomi Zack
2315:Surrealism
2302:Jean Genet
2074:Literature
1928:Easy Rider
1849:The Matrix
1831:Fight Club
1763:Der ProzeĂ
1622:Karl Barth
1469:The Plague
1357:Heidelberg
1285:I and Thou
1217:See also:
1137:Ăbermensch
1032:Precursors
973:See also:
947:Hans Jonas
922:See also:
891:positivism
881:Positivism
879:See also:
831:See also:
560:Dostoevsky
502:The absurd
14620:Teleology
14600:Modernism
14433:Five Eyes
14428:EUâUK TCA
14270:Democracy
14159:Old Norse
14048:Abrahamic
14005:Peritrope
13987:Tolerance
13967:Socialism
13797:Mythology
13785:Classical
13734:Languages
13712:Astrology
13560:Modernism
13374:Old World
13219:Casuistry
13131:Either/Or
13038:Korsgaard
13033:Azurmendi
12998:MacIntyre
12938:Nietzsche
12868:Augustine
12863:Confucius
12843:Aristotle
12819:Ethicists
12777:Intrinsic
12742:Suffering
12652:Happiness
12625:Free will
12605:Etiquette
12550:Authority
12494:Epicurean
12489:Confucian
12484:Christian
12419:Emotivism
12243:Discourse
12180:Pragmatic
12152:Normative
11980:Loyal Rue
11705:Karl Marx
11527:Gaudapada
11356:Shamanism
11321:Pantheism
11306:Nontheism
11284:Religious
11269:Mysticism
11242:Christian
11232:Religious
11183:Atheistic
11178:Christian
11061:Nonbelief
11046:Free will
10862:Mormonism
10686:Afterlife
10600:Teleology
10565:Mereology
10545:Cosmology
10404:(c. 1000)
10301:Plantinga
10291:Armstrong
10241:Heidegger
10216:Whitehead
10201:Nietzsche
10121:Descartes
10091:Aristotle
10046:Universal
9976:Principle
9946:Necessity
9906:Intention
9859:Existence
9822:Causality
9761:Solipsism
9691:Free will
9552:Semiotics
9547:Semantics
9532:Discourse
9412:Genealogy
9402:Facticity
9173:Absurdism
9102:Schelling
9072:Nietzsche
8947:Heidegger
8762:Bachelard
8747:Althusser
8494:Pakistani
8456:Taiwanese
8403:Ethiopian
8376:By region
8362:By region
8177:Scientism
8172:Systemics
8032:Spinozism
7959:Socialism
7894:Modernism
7857:Objective
7765:Anarchism
7699:Averroism
7588:Christian
7540:Neotaoism
7511:Zurvanism
7501:Mithraism
7496:Mazdakism
7267:Cyrenaics
7194:Logicians
6827:Free will
6789:Solipsism
6736:Formalism
6477:Nietzsche
6427:Heidegger
6362:Abbagnano
6219:Facticity
6190:Bad faith
6175:Absurdism
6134:Christian
6129:Atheistic
5789:Either/Or
5736:Routledge
5698:cite book
5449:243565341
5287:145250815
5271:0021-9347
5153:The Times
4310:911266433
3968:. Tfd.com
3906:0022-1678
3509:Routledge
3341:Continuum
3094:241337492
3078:0031-8191
3035:cite book
2933:869368682
2700:Citations
2627:precedes
2563:predicate
2529:; as did
2516:Otto Rank
2480:Existence
2459:Otto Rank
2451:Rollo May
2428:sociology
2404:Heidegger
2388:Otto Rank
2263:Questions
2233:absurdist
2182:In Camera
2179:(meaning
2177:Huis Clos
2085:The Trial
2043:Red Beard
1976:Bela Tarr
1922:High Noon
1897:Toy Story
1802:æ»ă«èłăç
ăăăăŠ
1758:The Trial
1572:The Rebel
1334:Cartesian
1280:Jerusalem
1268:Frankfurt
1262:Although
1082:Descartes
1050:Jean Wahl
979:Although
907:free will
864:decision.
845:Either/Or
789:solipsism
682:in-itself
614:Facticity
608:Facticity
508:Absurdism
435:bad faith
395:Aristotle
361:Hegelians
231:The term
227:Etymology
129:existence
14493:Schengen
14423:Eurozone
14263:Property
14258:Religion
14149:Frankish
14139:Germanic
14119:Paganism
14040:Religion
14028:European
13940:Humanism
13843:Religion
13802:Painting
13768:Internet
13719:Folklore
13690:Clothing
13661:Calendar
13637:Cyrillic
13622:Alphabet
13585:Cold War
13309:Category
13249:Ideology
13214:Axiology
13043:Nussbaum
12993:Frankena
12988:Anscombe
12978:Williams
12933:Sidgwick
12853:Valluvar
12848:Diogenes
12833:Socrates
12757:Theodicy
12752:Sympathy
12717:Pacifism
12707:Morality
12620:Fidelity
12600:Equality
12555:Autonomy
12543:Concepts
12504:Feminist
12479:Buddhist
12409:Nihilism
12348:Axiology
12305:Research
12238:Computer
12233:Business
12102:Category
12047:Religion
12037:Exegesis
11522:Boethius
11517:Averroes
11512:Avicenna
11494:medieval
11464:Theodicy
11311:Pandeism
11227:Humanism
11195:Thealogy
11138:Dharmism
11108:Acosmism
11100:Theology
10968:Morality
10963:Miracles
10842:Hinduism
10832:Buddhism
10791:Pandeism
10766:Demiurge
10734:Theodicy
10618:Category
10540:Axiology
10394:(c.â270)
10322:more ...
10276:Anscombe
10271:Strawson
10266:Davidson
10161:Berkeley
10101:Plotinus
10062:more ...
10001:Relation
9981:Property
9956:Ontology
9879:Identity
9800:Concepts
9731:Nihilism
9696:Idealism
9644:Theories
9590:Category
9432:Ideology
9348:Immanent
9343:Critique
9298:Alterity
9291:Concepts
9166:Theories
9152:Williams
9127:Spengler
9082:RanciĂšre
9012:Lefebvre
8997:Kristeva
8962:Irigaray
8957:Ingarden
8937:Habermas
8927:Guattari
8912:Foucault
8887:Eagleton
8832:Cassirer
8812:Bourdieu
8807:Blanchot
8792:Benjamin
8777:Bataille
8680:Category
8635:Yugoslav
8625:Romanian
8532:Scottish
8517:American
8446:Japanese
8426:Buddhist
8408:Africana
8398:Egyptian
8240:Feminist
8162:Rawlsian
8157:Quietism
8055:Analytic
8007:Krausism
7914:Nihilism
7879:Kokugaku
7842:Absolute
7837:Idealism
7825:Humanism
7613:Occamism
7580:European
7525:Medieval
7471:Yogacara
7431:Buddhist
7424:SyÄdvÄda
7307:Stoicism
7272:Cynicism
7260:Sophists
7255:Atomists
7250:Eleatics
7189:Legalism
7130:Medieval
7054:Idealism
7008:Ontology
6988:Nihilism
6892:Idealism
6650:Branches
6639:Branches
6447:Kaufmann
6407:Beauvoir
6387:Bultmann
6377:Berdyaev
6234:Nihilism
6163:Concepts
6149:Nihilist
6122:Variants
6074:Archived
5895:(1994).
5629:(2001).
5381:(1980).
5279:40034961
5108:26 March
5074:26 March
5040:26 March
5006:26 March
4972:26 March
4935:26 March
4899:26 March
4621:(2014).
4111:(1949).
3664:(1946).
3642:26 March
3524:26 March
3415:26355951
3374:26355951
3115:(2000).
2636:See also
2625:essentia
2621:essentia
2321:Activism
2313:or with
2279:Antigone
2274:Antigone
2205:exercise
1958:Badlands
1726:'s 1957
1593:Sisyphus
1463:Caligula
1430:The Wall
1365:Freiburg
1350:Existenz
1276:Hasidism
984:is that
981:nihilism
918:Religion
867:â
598:quietism
517:Sisyphus
421:â
386:a priori
368:Concepts
296:Socrates
217:theology
14338:Benelux
14243:Thought
14193:Atheism
14134:Finnish
14110:Culture
14105:Judaism
14067:Eastern
14063:Western
14058:Culture
13992:Paradox
13858:Decline
13819:Science
13695:History
13683:Studies
13666:Cuisine
13654:Periods
13614:Culture
13443:History
13409:Eastern
13404:Western
13355:culture
13207:Related
12953:Tillich
12918:Bentham
12893:Spinoza
12888:Aquinas
12873:Mencius
12787:Western
12762:Torture
12727:Precept
12682:Loyalty
12677:Liberty
12672:Justice
12585:Dignity
12575:Consent
12519:Kantian
12509:Islamic
12472:Schools
12358:Realism
12290:Nursing
12285:Medical
12270:Machine
12210:Applied
12073:more...
11806:postwar
11489:Ancient
11377:more...
11296:New Age
11237:Secular
11207:Fideism
11158:Dualism
11128:Atheism
11118:Animism
11024:Against
10867:Sikhism
10857:Judaism
10852:Jainism
10761:Brahman
10714:Miracle
10390:Enneads
10384:(c. 50)
10350:Timaeus
10340:Sophist
10286:Dummett
10281:Deleuze
10221:Russell
10211:Bergson
10206:Meinong
10186:Bolzano
10146:Leibniz
10126:Spinoza
10111:Aquinas
10096:Proclus
10026:Thought
10016:Subject
9996:Reality
9991:Quality
9961:Pattern
9921:Meaning
9896:Insight
9854:Essence
9839:Concept
9741:Realism
9706:Liberty
9671:Dualism
9417:Habitus
9333:Boredom
9223:Freudo-
9218:Western
9213:Marxism
9137:Strauss
9107:Schmitt
9047:Marcuse
9037:Lyotard
9027:Luhmann
9022:Levinas
8972:Jaspers
8967:Jameson
8952:Husserl
8932:Gramsci
8922:Gentile
8917:Gadamer
8877:Dilthey
8872:Derrida
8867:Deleuze
8802:Bergson
8772:Barthes
8742:Agamben
8630:Russian
8599:Spanish
8594:Slovene
8584:Maltese
8579:Italian
8559:Finland
8527:British
8509:Western
8499:Turkish
8484:Islamic
8479:Iranian
8431:Chinese
8418:Eastern
8385:African
8332:more...
8017:Marxism
7847:British
7790:Dualism
7686:Islamic
7644:Advaita
7634:Vedanta
7608:Scotism
7603:Thomism
7545:Tiantai
7488:Persian
7476:Tibetan
7466:ĆĆ«nyatÄ
7407:CÄrvÄka
7397:ÄjÄ«vika
7392:MÄ«mÄáčsÄ
7372:Samkhya
7287:Academy
7240:Ionians
7214:Yangism
7171:Chinese
7162:Ancient
7125:Western
7120:Ancient
7079:Realism
7036:Reality
7026:Process
6907:Realism
6887:Dualism
6882:Atomism
6764:Fideism
6540:Related
6512:Unamuno
6507:Tillich
6497:Shestov
6457:Levinas
6442:Jaspers
6432:Husserl
6422:Fondane
6417:Flusser
6397:Carlyle
6336:Unamuno
6321:Mahfouz
6311:Ionesco
6301:Fondane
6296:Ellison
6276:Buzzati
6269:Artists
6229:Meaning
6144:Islamic
6030:(ed.).
6015:at the
5552:Sources
5353:. p. 38
5239:, 1967.
4480:passim.
4084:NYU.edu
3711:4772778
3086:4544850
3009:English
2741:Penguin
2576:boredom
2284:Critic
2209:suicide
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