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433:) and the consequent reorganisation of the ventures will probably add several hundred million euros to the sum so far raised. So in March 2012, member states instructed the agency's executive to look at how this shortfall could be made up. One possibility is that other science activities within ESA may have to step back to make ExoMars a priority. In September 2012 it was announced that new ESA members, Poland and Romania, will be contributing up to €70 million to the ExoMars mission. ESA has not ruled out a possible partial return of NASA to the 2018 portion of ExoMars, albeit in a relatively minor role.
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851:(Dust Characterisation, Risk Assessment, and Environment Analyser on the Martian Surface) package, consists of a suite of sensors to measure the wind speed and direction (MetWind), humidity (MetHumi), pressure (MetBaro), surface temperature (MarsTem), the transparency of the atmosphere (Optical Depth Sensor; ODS), and atmospheric electrification (Atmospheric Radiation and Electricity Sensor; MicroARES). The DREAMS payload was to function for 2 or 3 days as an environmental station for the duration of the EDM surface mission after landing.
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228:. ESA expects that a restart of the mission, using a new non-Russian landing platform, is unlikely to launch before 2028. As of April 2024, the mission has received new funding to restart construction and delivery of the Rosalind Franklin rover and NASA has agreed to provide the launch, currently scheduled for late 2028.
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A primary goal when selecting the rover's landing site is to identify a particular geologic environment, or set of environments, that would support —now or in the past— microbial life. The scientists prefer a landing site with both morphologic and mineralogical evidence for past water. Furthermore, a
915:
The lander and
Rosalind Franklin rover will be sent Mars inside the descent module. The descent module will be attached to the carrier module, which will provide power, propulsion, and navigation. The carrier module has 16 hydrazine powered thrusters, 6 solar arrays that will provide electricity, and
479:
began at 08:30 GMT ). Four rocket burns occurred in the following 10 hours before the descent module and orbiter were released. Signals from the
Orbiter were successfully received at 21:29 GMT of the same day, which confirmed that the launch was fully successful and that the spacecraft was on its way
270:
gave approval to the Aurora program and to ExoMars. Aurora is an optional program and each state is allowed to decide which part of the program they want to be involved in and to what extent (e.g. how much funds they want to put into the program). The Aurora program was initiated in 2002 with support
528:
On 17 March 2022, the launch of ExoMars in the 2022 launch window was abandoned, with the permanent suspension of the partnership with
Roscosmos. However, in November, the European Space Agency member states pledged 360 million euros towards the Rosalind Franklin rover, including covering the cost
1256:
was favoured by the
Landing Site Selection Working Group. The favored Oxia Planum landing ellipse is situated at 18.20°N, 335.45°E. In 2019, Oxia Planum was confirmed by ESA as the landing site for the planned 2020 mission. Later that year, a flyover video of the landing site was released, created
1146:
Engineering constraints call for a flat landing site in a latitude band straddling the equator that is only 30° latitude from top to bottom because the rover is solar-powered and will need best sunlight exposure. The landing module carrying the rover will have a landing ellipse that measures about
859:
The ExoMars 2022 mission was planned for launch during a twelve-day launch window starting on 20 September 2022, and scheduled to land on Mars on 10 June 2023. It would have included a German-built cruise stage and
Russian descent module. On 28 February 2022, the ESA announced that, as a result of
540:
to complete the assembly, integration, and testing of the landing platform, with mechanical, thermal, and propulsion handled by Airbus
Defence and Space, and ArianeGroup providing the heat shield. On 16 April 2024, ESA announced a memorandum of understanding with NASA to provide the launch in late
767:
The Trace Gas
Orbiter (TGO) is a Mars telecommunications orbiter and atmospheric gas analyzer mission that was launched on 14 March 2016 09:31 UTC. The spacecraft arrived in the Martian orbit in October 2016. It delivered the ExoMars Schiaparelli EDM lander and then proceed to map the sources of
984:
lander via a ramp. The lander was expected to image the landing site, monitor the climate, investigate the atmosphere, analyse the radiation environment, study the distribution of any subsurface water at the landing site, and perform geophysical investigations of the internal structure of Mars.
776:
to be launched in 2022. The presence of methane in Mars's atmosphere is intriguing because its likely origin is either present-day life or geological activity. Upon the arrival of the rover in 2023, the orbiter would be transferred into a lower orbit where it would be able to perform analytical
372:
rover, and fly only one rover in 2018 that would be larger than either of the vehicles in the paired concept. One suggestion was that the new vehicle would be built in Europe and carry a mix of
European and U.S. instruments. NASA would provide the rocket to deliver it to Mars and provide the
1300:
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telecommunications relay and navigation instrument to ensure communications between probes and rovers on the surface of Mars and controllers on Earth. The TGO would continue serving as a telecommunication relay satellite for future landed missions until 2022.
488:
lander, took its nominal orbit towards Mars and was seemingly in working order. Over the next two weeks, controllers continued to check and commission its systems, including the power, communications, startrackers, and guidance and navigation system.
12637:
1235:. Both Mawrth Vallis and Aram Dorsum, surviving candidates from the previous selection, could be reconsidered. ESA convened further workshops to re-evaluate the three remaining options and in March 2017 selected two sites to study in detail.
509:
The rover was scheduled to launch in 2018 and land on Mars in early 2019, but in May 2016 ESA announced that the launch would occur in 2020 due to delays in
European and Russian industrial activities and deliveries of the scientific payload.
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168:
that was expected to last into 2022 or beyond. On 12 March 2020, it was announced that the second mission was being delayed to 2022 as a result of problems with the parachutes, which could not be resolved in time for the launch window.
2135:
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rover was due to land in June 2023 and to navigate autonomously across the
Martian surface. However, the partnership with Russian scientists was cancelled in 2022 as a response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine that began that year.
846:
Once on the surface, it was to measure the wind speed and direction, humidity, pressure and surface temperature, and determine the transparency of the atmosphere. It carried a surface payload, based on the proposed meteorological
364:
On 17 December 2009, the ESA governments gave their final approval to a two-part Mars exploration mission to be conducted with NASA, confirming their commitment to spend €850 million ($ 1.23 billion) on missions in 2016 and 2018.
996:
Following the July 2022 cancellation, ESA has begun work on their own lander, which is expected to take 3 to 4 years to build and qualify. Many components of the ESA lander are reused from the Russian Descent module. Unlike
2996:
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327:, which proposed to utilise an Atlas rocket launcher instead of a Soyuz, which significantly altered the technical and financial setting of the ExoMars mission. On 19 June, when the rover was still planned to piggyback the
193:) and other trace gases present in the Martian atmosphere that could be evidence for possible biological or geological activity. The TGO features four instruments and will also act as a communications relay satellite. The
11837:
505:
In January 2016 it was announced that the financial situation of the 2018 mission 'might' require a 2-year delay. Italy is the largest contributor to ExoMars, and the UK is the mission's second-largest financial backer.
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during the dust storm season, which would have provided a unique chance to characterise a dust-laden atmosphere during entry and descent, and to conduct surface measurements associated with a dust-rich environment.
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868:. The launch of a revised version of the mission, using a new non-Russian landing platform, is expected to occur no earlier than 2028. In 2022, US announced participation and said to provide the lander and 40
513:
On 12 March 2020, it was announced that the second mission was being delayed to launch in 2022 due to the vehicle not being ready for launch in 2020, with delays exacerbated by travel restrictions during the
14024:
2079:
635:. According to current plans, the ExoMars project will comprise four spacecraft: two stationary landers, one orbiter and one rover. All mission elements will be sent in two launches using two heavy-lift
735:
to prevent contaminating Mars with Earth life forms, and also to ensure that any biomolecules detected were not carried from Earth. Cleaning will require a combination of sterilising methods, including
1264:
As of July 2020, it has not been stated by ESA if the choice of landing site will be affected by the delay of the mission beyond 2022, similar to the re-evaluation prompted by the first delay in 2018.
864:, a 2022 launch is "very unlikely." On 28 March 2022, the ExoMars rover was confirmed to be technically ready for launch, but the 2022 launch window for the mission is no longer possible due to the
252:
and was approved by the European Space Agency ministers in December 2005. Originally conceived as a rover with a stationary ground station, ExoMars was planned to launch in 2011 aboard a Russian
1193:
Following additional review by an ESA-appointed panel, four sites, all of which are located relatively near the equator, were formally recommended in October 2014 for further detailed analysis:
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2143:
1981:"Tough choices had to be made," Bolden said. "This means we will not be moving forward with the planned 2016 and 2018 ExoMars mission that we had been exploring with the European Space Agency.
399:
upper stages and launch services, as well as an additional entry, descent and landing module for the rover mission in 2018. Under the agreement, Roscosmos was granted three asking conditions:
924:
for navigation. It was developed and built by OHB System in Bremen, Germany. The carrier module will separate from the descent module right before the rest of the spacecraft arrives at Mars.
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Various conventions, treaties, agreements, memorandums, charters or declarations establishing and governing intergovernmental organisations or inter-agency bodies dealing with space affairs
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831:
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455:, had started procuring critical components, but the 2018 rover mission was still short by more than 100 million euros, or $ 138 million. The wheels and suspension system are paid by the
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985:
Following a March 2015 request for the contribution of scientific instruments for the landing system, there will be 13 instruments. Examples of the instruments on the lander include the
133:, investigate how the Martian water and geochemical environment varies, investigate atmospheric trace gases and their sources and, by doing so, demonstrate the technologies for a future
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3600:
827:(TGO) on 14 March 2016, 09:31 UTC and was scheduled to land softly on 19 October 2016. No signal indicating a successful landing was received, and on 21 October 2016 NASA released a
380:
Under the FY2013 Budget President Obama released on 13 February 2012, NASA terminated its participation in ExoMars due to budgetary cuts in order to pay for the cost overruns of the
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upper booster stage possibly exploded a few kilometers away, however apparently without damaging the orbiter or lander. The spacecraft, which housed the Trace Gas Orbiter and the
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has gone through several phases of planning with various proposals for landers, orbiters, launch vehicles, and international cooperation planning, such as the defunct 2009
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that are a record of the past wet habitable environment. The year before launch, the European Space Agency will make the final decision. By March 2014, the long list was:
342:(TGO) was merged into the project, piggybacking a stationary meteorological lander slated for launch in January 2016. It was also proposed to include a second rover, the
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to the Martian surface. The rover would also include some Roscosmos built instruments. The second mission operations and communications would have been led by
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151:. The orbiter is operational but the lander crashed on the planet's surface. The second part of the programme was planned to launch in July 2020, when the
2596:
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331:, it was reported that a prospective agreement would require that ExoMars lose enough weight to fit aboard the Atlas launch vehicle with a NASA orbiter.
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The delay of the rover mission to 2020 from 2018 meant that Oxia Planum was no longer the only favourable landing site due to changes in the possible
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On 28 February 2022, it was announced that the second mission launching in 2022 "was very unlikely" due to the sanctions on Russia in response to the
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experiment. The stationary lander was expected to operate for at least one Earth year, and its instruments would have been powered by solar arrays.
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and ExoMars projects. On 25 January 2013, Roscosmos fully funded the development of the scientific instruments to be flown on the first launch, the
278:
of Britain to design and build a prototype Mars rover chassis for the European Space Agency. Astrium was also contracted to design the final rover.
262:
ExoMars begun in 2001 as part of the ESA Aurora program for the human exploration of Mars. That initial vision called for rover in 2009 and later a
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of twelve nations: Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and Canada
266:. Another mission intended to support the Aurora program is a Phobos sample return mission. In December 2005, the different nations composing the
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2184:
1716:"Meet 'Kazachok': Landing Platform for ExoMars Rover Gets a Name – In 2021, Rosalind Franklin will roll off Kazachok onto the red dirt of Mars"
201:, but it crashed on the surface of Mars. The landing was designed to test new key technologies to safely deliver the subsequent rover mission.
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834:
showing what appears to be the lander crash site. The lander was equipped with a non-rechargeable electric battery with enough power for four
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Russia's financing of ExoMars could be partially covered by insurance payments of 1.2 billion roubles (US$ 40.7 million) for the loss of
2734:
1972:
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In 2007, Canadian-based technology firm MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. (MDA) was selected for a one-million-euro contract with
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Instrumentation would consist of the exobiology laboratory suite, known as "Pasteur analytical laboratory" to look for signs of
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of replacing Russian components. Now planned to launch in 2028, the rover will carry a next-generation mass spectrometer, the
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1001:, the European lander does not carry solar panels nor science instruments, and is expected to only operate for a few sols.
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244:(MEJI) with the United States. Originally, the ExoMars concept consisted of a large robotic rover being part of ESA's
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to investigate the planet's subsurface and deep interior to better understand the evolution and habitability of Mars.
377:. Despite the proposed reorganisation, the goals of the 2018 mission opportunity would have stayed broadly the same.
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EDL Demonstrator Module (EDM). During its descent it returned 600 MB of data, but it did not achieve a soft landing.
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353:(now Roscosmos) and ESA had signed a contract that included cooperation on two Mars exploration projects: Russia's
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1130:, near the equator, is the selected landing site for its potential to preserve biosignatures and smooth surface
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Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned.
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3523:"Announcement of Opportunity for European payload elements on the Surface Platform of the ExoMars 2018 mission"
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were launched on 14 March 2016. TGO entered Mars orbit on 19 October 2016 and proceeded to map the sources of
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602:
2839:"ESA statement regarding cooperation with Russia following a meeting with Member States on 28 February 2022"
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Prior to the cancellation of ESA-Roscosmos cooperation on ExoMars, the original plan was to use the Russian
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391:(Roscosmos), signed a deal in which Russia became a full partner. Roscosmos will supply both missions with
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to pull up samples for its on-board laboratory. They will have a mass of about 207 kg (456 lb).
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105 km by 15 km. Scientific requirements include landing in an area with 3.6 billion years old
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science activities as well as provide the ExoMars rover with a telecommunication relay. NASA provided an
418:
384:. With NASA's funding for this project completely cancelled, most of these plans had to be restructured.
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DREAMS for the ExoMars 2016 mission: a suite of sensors for the characterisation of Martian environment"
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European ministers approve the Aurora Exploration Programme and give green light for the ExoMars mission
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is preferred, but it will come down to a balance between engineering constraints and scientific goals.
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from past life. Among other instruments, the rover will also carry a 2-metre (6.6 ft) sub-surface
615:
to access the subsurface with a drill able to collect samples down to a depth of 2 metres (6.6 ft)
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421:(i.e. Roscosmos will be part of all the project teams and will have full access to research data).
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In April 2011, because of a budgeting crisis, a proposal was announced to cancel the accompanying
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Then the mission was combined with other projects to a multi-spacecraft mission divided over two
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580:
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456:
253:
123:
60:
2761:"Proton launches Euro-Russian ExoMars mission, but program's second launch remains in limbo"
2379:"Russia's participation in the "ExoMars" does not cancel the plans for the "Phobos-Grunt-2""
1518:
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3240:(PDF). European Planetary Science Congress 2013, EPSC Abstracts Vol. 8, EPSC2013-815 (2013)
1692:
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823:
with the technology for landing on the surface of Mars. It was launched together with the
541:
2028, and that the next mission milestone is the preliminary design review in June 2024.
417:
All scientific results must be intellectual property of the European Space Agency and the
315:
8:
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537:
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As of June 2024, new contract had been awarded to with a $ 567 million contract going to
165:
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3801:
2813:
2456:
2221:
2166:
1478:
951:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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1387: – Interplanetary mission by China to place an orbiter, lander, and rover on Mars
361:
as a "backup launcher" for the ExoMars rover, which would include Russian-made parts.
13160:
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4160:
3973:
2918:
2050:"ExoMars frequently asked questions / ExoMars / Space Science / Our Activities / ESA"
1500:
1232:
1136:
515:
445:
407:
173:
141:
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6205:
4211:
2378:
1463:"Habitability on Early Mars and the Search for Biosignatures with the ExoMars Rover"
1460:
799:
772:
and other gases, and in doing so, will help select the landing site for the ExoMars
403:
Roscosmos will contribute two Proton launch vehicles as payment for the partnership.
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1946:
1490:
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839:
245:
198:
197:
experimental lander separated from TGO on 16 October and was maneuvered to land in
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4181:
769:
636:
451:
As of March 2014, the lead builder of the ExoMars rover, the British division of
410:
payload shall include two Russian instruments that were originally developed for
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4310:
3919:
2294:"Experts React to Obama Slash to NASA's Mars and Planetary Science Exploration"
1346:
1203:
1166:
4383:
4090:
3189:"No Signal From Mars Lander, but European Officials Declare Mission a Success"
2909:
2495:
140:
The first part of the programme is a mission launched in 2016 that placed the
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2139:
1748:"N° 11–2016: Second ExoMars mission moves to next launch opportunity in 2020"
1240:
1225:
1208:
1171:
1140:
989:
package, the METEO meteorological package, the MAIGRET magnetometer, and the
569:
89:
Trace Gas Orbiter: 8 years, 6 months and 16 days (in progress)
8354:
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1023:
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1072:
921:
558:
275:
130:
119:
10391:
4577:
3162:"Schiaparelli: the ExoMars Entry, Descent and Landing Demonstrator Module"
1486:
210:("little Cossack", referring to a folk dance), was due to deliver the ESA
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6275:
5992:
5829:
5215:
5052:
4340:
3014:
2897:"The long-awaited mission that could transform our understanding of Mars"
1405: – Robotic mission that deployed the Curiosity rover to Mars in 2012
1253:
1245:
1221:
1213:
1176:
1127:
1068:
609:
573:
437:
411:
354:
237:
9412:
5524:
4205:
2710:"ExoMars probe narrowly avoids death, still in peril after rocket snafu"
884:
13385:
11213:
European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites
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5200:
5042:
4611:
4522:
3397:"Plutonium availability constrains plans for future planetary missions"
2634:
2335:
1076:
917:
501:
A prototype of the ExoMars Rover at the 2015 Cambridge Science Festival
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1895:
1720:
1655:"Dark Spot in Mars Photo Is Probably Wreckage of European Spacecraft"
1384:
1378:
820:
632:
11196:
European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
6964:
4100:
2629:
2507:
Possible coordination between Mars-NET and European ExoMars project.
1375: – Scientific assessments on the microbial habitability of Mars
1288:
Stromatolites studied in the Pilbara region of North West Australia.
657:
425:
ESA had originally cost-capped the ExoMars projects at €1 billion, (
15509:
13143:
13107:
12989:
12337:
11122:
European Network of Civil Aviation Safety Investigation Authorities
10911:
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10647:
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4063:
ExoMars Space Research Institute of Russian Academy of Science site
3891:
3320:"ExoMars rover leaves British factory, heads for testing in France"
1998:"Have Europe's Martian exploration plans been derailed by America?"
1361:
1340:
1112:
744:
radiation, and chemicals such as ethyl and isopropyl alcohol. (see
206:
153:
101:
3780:"Searching for life on Mars: where should the ExoMars rover land?"
2412:"ESA Eyeing Hodgepodge of Funding Sources To Save ExoMars Mission"
1048:
Another early design model of the rover at the Paris Air Show 2007
671:
None, originally planned to launch by Proton rocket and land with
14611:
14240:
13203:
13013:
11410:
10764:
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5286:
5047:
4868:
3663:
J. L. Vago; et al. (ExoMars Project Team) (3–4 March 2009).
1688:
550:
335:
3860:"Recommendation for the Narrowing of ExoMars 2018 Landing Sites"
2313:"When Exploring Other Planets, International Cooperation Is Key"
811:
The Entry, Descent and Landing Demonstrator Module (EDM) called
579:
to study the surface environment and identify hazards to future
440:, and reassigning funds for a possible coordination between the
13227:
13155:
13119:
13047:
13001:
12965:
12953:
12815:
11581:
11006:
10335:
9847:
9755:
9349:
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8177:
8172:
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4813:
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4803:
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4707:
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4692:
4687:
4644:
4639:
4629:
4619:
4300:
3601:"FAQ: The 'rebirth' of ESA's ExoMars Rosalind Franklin mission"
1922:"ESA awards contract to Thales Alenia Space to restart ExoMars"
1258:
1034:
481:
396:
357:
project and ESA's ExoMars. Specifically, ESA secured a Russian
256:
224:
On 17 March 2022, ESA suspended the mission due to the ongoing
3422:"ExoMars carrier module prepares for final pre-launch testing"
2972:. European Space Agency (ESA). 1 November 2007. Archived from
1098:(RLS). Examples of external instruments on the rover include:
576:
distribution as a function of depth in the shallow subsurface.
471:
The spacecraft containing ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) and
281:
30:
15341:
15227:
13251:
13239:
13131:
13059:
12977:
12803:
12458:
12199:
11298:
Creation of the British National Committee for Space Research
10996:
10733:
European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications
9265:
9137:
8255:
8233:
7849:
7569:
7031:
6570:
6241:
6157:
6106:
6052:
5210:
4492:
4265:
4055:
3497:"European payload selected for ExoMars 2018 surface platform"
3346:"ESA says it's "very unlikely" ExoMars will launch this year"
2814:"ExoMars Rosalind Franklin: Rover mission delayed until 2022"
2540:"Roskosmos funds creation of instruments for ExoMars mission"
71:
35:
Artist's illustration of ExoMars's Trace Gas Orbiter (left),
14805:
14547:
14073:
13710:
13263:
13025:
12566:
International Space Station Multilateral Coordination Board
11200:
9617:
9212:
8521:
6703:
6678:
6658:
4418:
4280:
4062:
3672:. 20th MEPAG Meeting. European Space Agency. Archived from
2185:"Agreement between ESA and Roscosmos signed at "MAKS 2009""
1824:
1257:
using high-accuracy 3D models of the terrain obtained from
1086:
rover includes the Pasteur instrument suite, including the
990:
689:
430:
3217:"Entry, Descent and Surface Science for 2016 Mars Mission"
2578:"Facing funding gap, ExoMars rover is on schedule for now"
2521:"Russia takes a two-pronged approach to space exploration"
2020:
731:
The two landing modules and the rover will be cleaned and
429:
1.3 billion) but the withdrawal of the U.S. space agency (
12228:
11112:
Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications
9308:
Astrobiology Science and Technology for Exploring Planets
7108:
7051:
3719:(Press release). Thales Group. 8 May 2012. Archived from
3295:
2940:"ESA and NASA join forces to land Europe's rover on Mars"
2630:"Live Video – ExoMars Launch (March 14, 2016, 08:30 GMT)"
1751:
426:
267:
3472:"ExoMars 2022 - Satellite Missions - eoPortal Directory"
2657:"ExoMars on its way to solve the Red Planet's mysteries"
2457:"Poland Tripling Space Spending in Bid To Boost Economy"
1973:"NASA budget boosts manned space, cuts Mars exploration"
987:
HABIT (HabitAbility: Brine, Irradiation and Temperature)
618:
to develop surface exploration capability using a rover.
12680:
International Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement
12571:
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
11191:
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
2843:
ESA Newsroom and Media Relations Office – Ninja Menning
741:
480:
to Mars. Shortly after separation from the probes, the
11150:
AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe
3915:"Scientists Want ExoMars Rover to Land at Oxia Planum"
3887:"ExoMars rover: Landing preference is for Oxia Planum"
3773:
3771:
3769:
3767:
1224:
was reported to be the preferred landing site for the
589:
achieve incremental steps ultimately culminating in a
15486:
13443:
Students for the Exploration and Development of Space
12586:
Regional African Satellite Communication Organization
10356:
Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact
4067:
2735:"Money Troubles May Delay Europe-Russia Mars Mission"
1546:"ExoMars Mission to Join Crowd of Spacecraft at Mars"
1411: – Spacecraft instrument to detect biosignatures
1399: – Mars mission to collect rock and dust samples
387:
On 14 March 2013, representatives of the ESA and the
129:
The goals of ExoMars are to search for signs of past
11240:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
6887:
3068:"U.S., Europe Won't Go It Alone in Mars Exploration"
3042:"Launch of European Mars mission delayed two months"
2097:. CanWest News Service. 18 July 2007. Archived from
1322:
3795:
3793:
3764:
3489:
2753:
2684:"ExoMars Mission Narrowly Avoids Exploding Booster"
2329:
2222:"ESA Approves Collaborative Mars Program with NASA"
1891:"ExoMars official says launch unlikely before 2028"
1681:"2018 mission: Mars rover prototype unveiled in UK"
1393: – NASA mission to explore Mars via two rovers
1358: – Science concerned with life in the universe
13450:Arthur C. Clarke Institute for Modern Technologies
12561:International Space Exploration Coordination Group
11230:European Telecommunications Satellite Organization
11208:European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment
5336:Sample Collection for Investigation of Mars (SCIM)
5181:Mars Aerial and Ground Global Intelligent Explorer
3656:
2865:"ESA suspends work with Russia on ExoMars mission"
2597:"Watch ExoMars Launch (March 14, 2016, 08:30 GMT)"
2263:"NASA Units Hope For Robotic Mars Mission in 2018"
2113:"NASA Could Take Role in European ExoMars Mission"
1742:
1740:
1738:
1582:"ExoMars: ESA and Roscosmos set for Mars missions"
12691:International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters'
12551:International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters'
9736:Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems
9726:Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems
8828:Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems
8818:Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems
7592:Soviet space exploration history on Soviet stamps
5252:
3826:
3648:. EADS Astrium. 14 September 2011. Archived from
2571:
2569:
2567:
2565:
15548:
13545:
12546:Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee
10023:Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence
5650:Space Applications and Telecommunications Centre
3790:
3156:
3154:
3152:
2675:
1103:Mars Multispectral Imager for Subsurface Studies
12674:International Cospas-Sarsat Programme Agreement
11201:European Telecommunications Standards Institute
11075:European GNSS Supervisory Authority (2004–2010)
8753:Search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI)
4413:
3834:"Four Candidate Landing Sites for ExoMars 2018"
3575:"ISS-Reshetnev chosen for ExoMars-2020 project"
2237:
2235:
1991:
1989:
1735:
1381: – Astrobiology Mars rover mission by NASA
466:
11958:Re-establishment of the National Space Council
10743:Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility
10699:European Cooperation for Space Standardization
5660:Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility
3820:"Call for ExoMars 2018 Landing Site Selection"
3270:"ExoMars, ESA's next step in Mars exploration"
3092:Allen, Mark; Witasse, Olivier (16 June 2011),
2701:
2562:
2361:"Insurance from "Phobos-Grunt" to fly to Mars"
1884:
1882:
1648:
1646:
1619:
1617:
838:. The soft landing should have taken place on
15463:Timeline of first orbital launches by country
13531:
12509:Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
12481:Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space
11316:Creation of the British National Space Centre
10704:European Space Research and Technology Centre
10614:
10604:
10407:
9428:
8582:
7684:
7670:
6873:
5540:
4993:
4399:
4116:
3572:
3149:
3130:
2787:"Russia and Europe Team Up for Mars Missions"
2779:
2727:
2397:"Russia, Europe Sign Mars Probe Project Deal"
2075:
2073:
2071:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
597:The technological objectives to develop are:
10755:European Space Security and Education Centre
8733:List of microorganisms tested in outer space
3906:
3878:
3515:
3447:"Russia works on ExoMars-2020 lander design"
3180:
3120:"ExoMars: Schiaparelli Analysis to Continue"
3091:
2232:
2127:
1986:
1707:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
12596:Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization
12556:International Mobile Satellite Organization
12436:Politics of the International Space Station
11071:EU Commission DG Defence Industry and Space
10421:
10331:History of the extraterrestrial life debate
10028:Gauss's Pythagorean right triangle proposal
3683:
3628:"Smart UK navigation system for Mars rover"
3101:, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, archived from
2621:
2358:
2244:"US and Europe mull single 2018 Mars rover"
2095:"B.C. robotics firm lands Martian contract"
1879:
1643:
1614:
1537:
1437:"Visions of Life on Mars in Earth's Depths"
1428:
1364: – Failed Mars lander launched in 2003
1029:An early ExoMars rover design model at the
13538:
13524:
12591:Arab Satellite Communications Organization
12581:Orbital Debris Co-ordination Working Group
11928:Development of the Commercial Crew Program
11345:Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015
10668:European Launcher Development Organisation
10414:
10400:
9646:Planetary habitability in the Solar System
9435:
9421:
9158:Enceladus Life Signatures and Habitability
8589:
8575:
7677:
7663:
6880:
6866:
5809:European Launcher Development Organisation
5547:
5533:
5262:Aerial Regional-scale Environmental Survey
4406:
4392:
4123:
4109:
3737:. European Space Agency. 18 December 2012.
3709:
3662:
3211:
3209:
3065:
2512:
2476:"Appropriators Blocking Mars Mission Move"
2455:de Selding, Peter B. (19 September 2012).
2454:
2409:
2219:
2068:
2044:
2042:
2040:
1807:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1766:
1672:
1597:
1595:
1004:
785:
176:(TGO) and a test stationary lander called
12668:Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space
12514:Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
12454:International Civil Aviation Organization
11996:International Traffic in Arms Regulations
11893:Launch of the Space Launch System program
11888:Cancellation of the Constellation program
9442:
9345:European Astrobiology Network Association
7558:Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation
5872:
5554:
5297:Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher (MAX-C)
5123:
3139:"ESA Names ExoMars Lander 'Schiaparelli'"
3136:
3085:
2908:
2354:
2352:
2220:de Selding, Peter B. (18 December 2009).
1626:"Mars Mission Blasts Off From Kazakhstan"
1565:
1494:
1118:
976:which the ESA cooperated on. Originally,
872:are also kept reserved for this mission.
349:In August 2009 it was announced that the
12048:Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society
10073:Search for extraterrestrial intelligence
9741:List of potentially habitable exoplanets
8838:List of potentially habitable exoplanets
4027:"Fly over the ExoMars 2020 landing site"
3942:"Final two ExoMars landing sites chosen"
3934:
3912:
3777:
3227:
2997:"Europe Joins Russia on Robotic ExoMars"
2890:
2888:
2886:
2831:
2805:
2588:
1810:"ESA Ruling Council OKs ExoMars Funding"
1122:
798:
496:
492:
314:
303:
291:
280:
12697:Cape Town Treaty, Space Assets protocol
11819:2002 National missile defense directive
11172:Council of European Aerospace Societies
11054:Western European Union Satellite Centre
9878:Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment
9256:Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment
3693:. European Space Agency. Archived from
3206:
3066:de Selding, Peter B. (3 October 2012).
2707:
2518:
2473:
2467:
2332:"ESA, Roscosmos Formalize ExoMars Pact"
2261:Morring, Frank Jr. (14 February 2012).
2260:
2134:Taverna, Michael A. (19 October 2009).
2133:
2037:
1995:
1970:
1939:
1796:
1592:
1417: – Mars life detection experiments
1252:On 9 November 2018, ESA announced that
854:
553:objectives, in order of priority, are:
204:In June 2023, a Roscosmos lander named
15549:
13470:International Astronautical Federation
12251:
11779:Launch of the Mars Exploration Program
11187:European Committee for Standardization
10799:Future Launchers Preparatory Programme
3371:"Rover ready – next steps for ExoMars"
3243:
2994:
2988:
2359:Podorvanyuk, Nikolai (30 March 2012).
2349:
2291:
2254:
1808:de Selding, Peter B. (15 March 2012).
1135:site with spectra indicating multiple
751:
13519:
13465:International Academy of Astronautics
12686:International Docking System Standard
12531:International Cospas-Sarsat Programme
12524:International Planetary Data Alliance
12431:International Space Station programme
12153:Fractional Orbital Bombardment System
12063:Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society
11355:UK Global Navigation Satellite System
11117:European Union Aviation Safety Agency
10794:Space Situational Awareness Programme
10395:
9779:Biological Oxidant and Life Detection
9416:
9246:Biological Oxidant and Life Detection
8570:
7658:
6861:
5871:
5771:Space Situational Awareness Programme
5528:
5166:Biological Oxidant and Life Detection
4387:
4130:
4104:
3394:
3343:
3317:
3039:
2894:
2883:
2627:
2594:
2575:
2537:
2330:Peter B. de Selding (14 March 2013).
2158:
1971:Harwood, William (13 February 2012).
1919:
1915:
1913:
1888:
1652:
1623:
1543:
1434:
1064:is now projected to launch in 2028.
544:
475:launched on 14 March 2016 09:31 UTC (
323:In July 2009 NASA and ESA signed the
13460:Coalition for Deep Space Exploration
11475:Cancellation of Man in Space Soonest
10682:European Space Research Organisation
9731:Habitability of yellow dwarf systems
9716:Habitability of neutron star systems
9476:Viking lander biological experiments
9395:
8823:Habitability of yellow dwarf systems
8808:Habitability of neutron star systems
6818:
5814:European Space Research Organisation
5630:Space Research and Technology Centre
4366:
3884:
3799:
3747:
3625:
3268:Vago, J; et al. (August 2013).
3267:
3261:
3186:
3040:Clark, Stephen (20 September 2015).
2811:
2681:
2659:. ESA. 14 March 2016. Archived from
2410:de Selding, Peter B. (31 May 2012).
2310:
2241:
2177:
2164:
1964:
1786:"Europe still keen on Mars missions"
1783:
1713:
1678:
1601:
1461:Vago, Jorge L.; et al. (2017).
1435:Chang, Kenneth (12 September 2016).
1415:Viking lander biological experiments
931:
879:
756:
627:ExoMars is a joint programme of the
12319:United Rocket and Space Corporation
11973:Launch of the Lunar Gateway project
11853:Launch of the Constellation program
11577:Launch of the Space Shuttle Program
9706:Habitability of binary star systems
9681:Catalog of Nearby Habitable Systems
8798:Habitability of binary star systems
7602:Monument to the Conquerors of Space
6842:
3913:Atkinson, Nancy (21 October 2015).
3802:"Europe begins Mars site selection"
3626:Amos, Jonathan (5 September 2011).
3137:Patterson, Sean (8 November 2013).
2474:Morring, Frank Jr. (8 March 2012).
2195:
2136:"ESA Proposes Two ExoMars Missions"
1996:Whewell, Megan (15 February 2012).
631:(ESA) and the Russian space agency
13:
15572:European Space Agency space probes
13413:Air & Space Forces Association
12053:Antennas & Propagation Society
11261:Indian Human Spaceflight Programme
11182:European Civil Aviation Conference
10341:Nexus for Exoplanet System Science
10184:Hypothetical types of biochemistry
9711:Habitability of natural satellites
9360:Nexus for Exoplanet System Science
8803:Habitability of natural satellites
8728:Hypothetical types of biochemistry
7035:(incorporated into Salyut program)
4592:
4584:
4576:
4440:List of artificial objects on Mars
4096:ExoMars article on eoPortal by ESA
3885:Amos, Jonathan (21 October 2015).
2901:Knowable Magazine | Annual Reviews
2167:"Europe's Mars plans move forward"
2165:Amos, Jonathan (12 October 2009).
1910:
1653:Chang, Kenneth (21 October 2016).
1544:Chang, Kenneth (19 October 2016).
622:
319:Austrian 25 Euro, released in 2011
221:'s Rover Control Centre in Italy.
39:lander (middle), and rover (right)
14:
15608:
12486:General Assembly Fourth Committee
12474:Space Generation Advisory Council
11908:Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
11082:EU Agency for the Space Programme
10831:Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
10804:Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle
10631:Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
10573:Two Bombs, One Satellite doctrine
9721:Habitability of red dwarf systems
9340:Center for Life Detection Science
9261:Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher
8813:Habitability of red dwarf systems
8551:List of extraterrestrial orbiters
5453:Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
4047:
3778:Grindrod, Peter (26 March 2014).
3748:Kish, Adrienne (31 August 2009).
3318:Clark, Stephen (28 August 2019).
2970:"Scientific objectives – ExoMars"
2434:"ExoMars Wins One-month Reprieve"
2203:"ESA, Roscosmos Strike Mars Deal"
1519:"The ExoMars Programme 2016–2018"
1108:Infrared Spectrometer for ExoMars
325:Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
242:Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
144:into Mars orbit and released the
15567:European Space Agency programmes
15532:
15520:
15508:
15496:
15442:
15430:
15418:
15406:
15394:
15382:
15359:
15347:
15335:
15235:
15216:
15189:
15177:
15158:
15146:
15122:
15110:
15098:
15086:
15074:
15051:
15039:
15027:
15013:
15001:
14989:
14977:
14938:
14926:
14914:
14902:
14890:
14878:
14866:
14854:
14842:
14830:
14811:
14799:
14787:
14775:
14763:
14751:
14732:
14720:
14708:
14696:
14684:
14670:
14658:
14565:
14495:
14476:
14457:
14438:
14419:
14400:
14388:
14376:
14364:
14352:
14340:
14317:
14305:
14293:
14281:
14269:
14257:
14234:
14222:
14193:
14181:
14158:
14146:
14122:
14110:
14098:
14086:
14067:
14013:
13990:
13966:
13954:
13897:
13885:
13856:
13844:
13832:
13820:
13808:
13783:
13771:
13759:
13747:
13735:
13716:
13704:
13692:
13658:
13646:
13634:
13622:
13603:
13591:
13475:International Astronomical Union
13297:
13285:
13273:
13262:
13250:
13238:
13226:
13202:
13178:
13166:
13154:
13142:
13130:
13118:
13106:
13094:
13082:
13070:
13058:
13046:
13024:
13012:
13000:
12988:
12976:
12964:
12952:
12940:
12838:
12826:
12814:
12802:
12298:Medvedev modernisation programme
12001:Full-spectrum dominance doctrine
11669:1985 anti-satellite missile test
11333:Space Innovation and Growth Team
11078:European GNSS Agency (2010–2021)
10760:European Space Operations Centre
10721:ESA Centre for Earth Observation
9873:Life Investigation For Enceladus
9394:
9383:
9382:
9365:Ocean Worlds Exploration Program
9198:Life Investigation For Enceladus
8718:Extraterrestrial sample curation
8596:
8444:Double Asteroid Redirection Test
7644:Russian Aerospace Defence Forces
6963:
6841:
6829:
6817:
6806:
6805:
5635:ESA Centre for Earth Observation
5141:Mars Sample Recovery Helicopters
4365:
4354:
4353:
4210:
4204:
4019:
3994:
3966:
3800:Amos, Jonathan (27 March 2014).
3646:"Mars rover Bruno goes it alone"
3344:Foust, Jeff (28 February 2022).
3187:Chan, Sewell (20 October 2016).
2950:from the original on 3 June 2024
2812:Amos, Jonathan (12 March 2020).
2741:. Industry Week. 15 January 2016
1784:Amos, Jonathan (15 March 2012).
1624:Chang, Kenneth (14 March 2016).
1339:
1325:
1294:
1280:
1041:
1022:
936:
927:
883:
870:Radioisotope Heater Units (RHUs)
862:2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis
688:
680:Two instrument packages for the
656:
157:lander would have delivered the
100:
29:
12724:Astronomical naming conventions
11649:Strategy of Technology doctrine
11421:Establishment of Cape Canaveral
11339:Creation of the UK Space Agency
10789:European Space Policy Institute
10749:European Space Astronomy Centre
9303:Astrobiology Society of Britain
9178:Explorer of Enceladus and Titan
8833:Habitable zone for complex life
7607:Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics
5312:Mars Telecommunications Orbiter
5118:Martian Moons eXploration (MMX)
3950:. 28 March 2017. Archived from
3852:
3812:
3741:
3727:
3638:
3619:
3593:
3566:
3549:"ExoMars 2020 surface platform"
3541:
3464:
3439:
3414:
3388:
3363:
3337:
3311:
3283:
3279:. No. 155. pp. 12–23.
3112:
3059:
3033:
3007:
2962:
2932:
2857:
2708:Thomson, Iain (26 March 2016).
2649:
2576:Clark, Stephen (3 March 2014).
2531:
2519:Kramnik, Ilya (18 April 2012).
2488:
2448:
2426:
2403:
2389:
2371:
2323:
2304:
2292:Kremer, Ken (1 February 2012).
2285:
2242:Amos, Jonathan (7 April 2011).
2213:
2105:
2087:
1854:
1679:Katz, Gregory (27 March 2014).
1602:Amos, Jonathan (18 June 2013).
875:
13455:British Interplanetary Society
13418:Alliance for Space Development
12541:Global Standards Collaboration
12464:Office for Outer Space Affairs
11991:China exclusion policy of NASA
11659:Space Station Freedom proposal
11572:Extra-Terrestrial Exposure Law
10642:Planetary Exploration of China
10466:Planetary protection principle
9863:Journey to Enceladus and Titan
9188:Journey to Enceladus and Titan
6654:Columbus Man-Tended Free Flyer
2119:. 19 June 2009. Archived from
1511:
1454:
1088:Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer
815:, was intended to provide the
531:Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer
459:and are being manufactured by
1:
12638:US-USSR Cooperation Agreement
11968:Launch of the Artemis program
11898:Redesign of the Orion program
11814:Aerospace Industry Commission
11510:Launch of the Mariner program
11235:European Southern Observatory
10935:Horizon 2000 Plus (1995–2015)
9996:Berkeley SETI Research Center
9696:Extraterrestrial liquid water
9236:Astrobiology Field Laboratory
8788:Extraterrestrial liquid water
7553:Cosmonaut ranks and positions
5267:Astrobiology Field Laboratory
2995:Svitak, Amy (16 March 2012).
2440:. 16 May 2012. Archived from
2399:. RIA Novosti. 14 March 2013.
2311:Wall, Mike (22 August 2012).
1920:Foust, Jeff (10 April 2024).
1422:
523:invasion of Ukraine by Russia
226:invasion of Ukraine by Russia
164:on the surface, supporting a
13547:Public-sector space agencies
12719:Extraterrestrial real estate
12259:Gore–Chernomyrdin Commission
12159:Soviet crewed lunar programs
12068:Vehicular Technology Society
12058:Broadcast Technology Society
11833:Vision for Space Exploration
11750:Gore–Chernomyrdin Commission
11708:Space Exploration Initiative
11654:Strategic Defense Initiative
11607:Launch of the Viking program
11520:Launch of the Apollo program
11515:Launch of the Gemini project
11367:Defence in a Competitive Age
11304:Start of the Ariel programme
11218:European Patent Organisation
10316:Extraterrestrials in fiction
10189:Interplanetary contamination
9686:Circumstellar habitable zone
9570:(unusual light fluctuations)
9562:(unusual light fluctuations)
9554:(unusual light fluctuations)
9370:Spanish Astrobiology Center
8778:Circumstellar habitable zone
7778:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
7093:Soviet crewed lunar programs
3717:"Press Info: ExoMars Status"
2895:Drahl, Carmen (3 May 2023).
2191:. Avio News. 20 August 2009.
1714:Wall, Mike (21 March 2019).
467:2016 first spacecraft launch
351:Russian Federal Space Agency
296:ExoMars rover at exhibit in
7:
15577:Astrobiology space missions
12536:Group on Earth Observations
12519:Committee on Space Research
11963:Creation of the Space Force
11883:Kennedy Space Center speech
11526:We choose to go to the Moon
11457:Introduction to Outer Space
11177:European Broadcasting Union
10174:Extraterrestrial hypothesis
9355:NASA Astrobiology Institute
8541:List of Solar System probes
7153:International Space Station
5191:Mars Exploration Ice Mapper
5136:NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return
5112:Tera-hertz Explorer (TEREX)
4480:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
3840:. Space Ref. 1 October 2014
3750:"Amase-ing Life on the Ice"
3527:European Space Agency (ESA)
3501:European Space Agency (ESA)
3255:European Space Agency (ESA)
2682:King, Bob (24 March 2016).
2028:"Europe's ExoMars rover..."
1586:European Space Agency (ESA)
1523:European Space Agency (ESA)
1318:
866:Russian invasion of Ukraine
829:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
419:Russian Academy of Sciences
118:(Exobiology on Mars) is an
91:Schiaparelli: 7 months
10:
15613:
13485:Space Exploration Alliance
12714:Common heritage of mankind
12632:Space Liability Convention
12404:North Korean space program
12330:2015 Creation of Roscosmos
11794:Launch of the X-37 program
11644:Citizens' Advisory Council
10738:European Data Relay System
10709:Concurrent Design Facility
10454:Space Debris Working Group
9888:Mars sample-return mission
9203:Mars sample return mission
6724:Mars sample return mission
6544:European Data Relay System
6224:Meteosat Second Generation
6137:James Webb Space Telescope
5999:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer
5681:European Data Relay System
5655:Concurrent Design Facility
3735:"Rover surface operations"
3395:Foust, Jeff (3 May 2023).
2004:. MSN News. Archived from
1889:Foust, Jeff (3 May 2022).
1397:Mars sample-return mission
1011:
991:LaRa (Lander Radioscience)
792:
760:
382:James Webb Space Telescope
264:Mars sample-return mission
231:
135:Mars sample-return mission
15457:
15374:
15250:
15208:
15066:
14644:
14526:
14519:
14332:
14249:
14173:
14005:
13946:
13930:
13923:
13798:
13684:
13677:
13583:
13560:
13553:
13428:Space Frontier Foundation
13403:
13314:
12923:
12914:
12855:Launch market competition
12787:
12604:
12494:
12446:
12426:Ugandan space initiatives
12361:
12311:
12290:
12242:
12221:
12174:
12126:
12102:
12089:
12082:
11986:
11946:
11866:
11802:
11731:
11696:
11632:
11615:
11590:
11555:
11535:
11498:
11480:Launch of Project Mercury
11429:
11387:
11378:
11286:
11248:
11140:
11044:
10976:
10934:
10858:
10777:Ariane launcher programme
10716:European Astronaut Centre
10674:Europa launcher programme
10658:
10615:
10605:
10561:
10506:
10494:The Spaceguard Foundation
10429:
10276:
10212:
10151:
10106:
9964:
9764:
9669:
9641:Earliest known life forms
9633:
9586:
9543:
9516:
9509:
9450:
9378:
9293:
9281:Terrestrial Planet Finder
9226:
9125:
9087:
9071:
9039:
8956:
8865:
8856:
8766:
8703:Earliest known life forms
8670:
8604:
8536:
8422:
8188:
8054:
8043:
8014:
7961:
7896:
7813:
7725:
7704:
7693:
7633:
7540:
7524:
7473:
7419:
7370:
7326:
7207:
7196:
7176:
7145:
7077:
7009:
6998:
6972:
6961:
6912:
6899:
6797:
6762:
6624:
6553:
6483:
6415:
6347:Meteosat Third Generation
6206:Meteosat First Generation
6192:
6041:
5936:
5887:
5880:
5867:
5855:Planetary Science Archive
5822:
5801:
5689:
5668:
5640:European Astronaut Centre
5617:
5589:
5566:
5562:
5515:
5466:
5435:
5369:
5360:
5248:
5158:
5076:
5069:
4989:
4952:
4887:
4789:
4680:
4610:
4603:
4574:
4521:
4498:ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter
4455:
4448:
4425:
4349:
4323:
4253:
4226:
4219:
4202:
4169:
4146:
4139:
4091:Animated video of ExoMars
3691:"The ExoMars Instruments"
3291:"The way forward to Mars"
2910:10.1146/knowable-050323-1
2538:Staff (25 January 2013).
2525:Russia & India Report
1832:"ALTEC's role in ExoMars"
1272:earliest known life forms
1014:Rosalind Franklin (rover)
945:This article needs to be
860:sanctions related to the
825:ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter
763:ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter
701:
698:ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter
687:
670:
655:
340:ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter
99:
95:
85:
66:
56:
48:
44:
28:
13381:Reconnaissance satellite
12754:International Designator
12421:Philippine space program
12369:Australian space program
12021:Office of Space Commerce
12011:House Committee on Space
11923:Space Shuttle retirement
11878:2009 Augustine Committee
11713:1990 Augustine Committee
10859:Horizon 2000 (1985–1995)
10444:Space traffic management
10006:Breakthrough Initiatives
9313:Breakthrough Initiatives
8556:List of space telescopes
7639:Space industry of Russia
5448:Mars Exploration Program
4430:List of missions to Mars
3822:. ESA. 17 December 2013.
1096:Raman Laser Spectrometer
453:Airbus Defence and Space
375:sky crane landing system
13495:Space Force Association
13480:Lunar Explorers Society
12650:Registration Convention
12614:Partial Test Ban Treaty
12495:Other intergovernmental
12409:Pakistani space program
12374:Brazilian space program
11744:Faster, better, cheaper
11547:1967 Outer Space Treaty
11350:Space Industry Act 2018
11127:European Defence Agency
10783:Vega launcher programme
10726:Living Planet Programme
10449:Space debris management
10423:Politics of outer space
10110:extraterrestrial beings
9701:Galactic habitable zone
8974:Mars Science Laboratory
8793:Galactic habitable zone
7161:Russian Orbital Segment
5766:Living Planet Programme
5625:Space Operations Centre
4538:Mars Science Laboratory
3451:www.russianspaceweb.com
2628:Staff (14 March 2016).
2595:Staff (10 March 2016).
2084:, ESA, 12 December 2005
1403:Mars Science Laboratory
980:would descent from the
795:Schiaparelli EDM lander
612:on the surface of Mars.
557:to search for possible
13423:National Space Society
13324:Space domain awareness
12497:or inter-agency bodies
12399:Lebanese space program
12384:Japanese space program
12325:2014 Military doctrine
12303:2010 Military doctrine
11723:National Space Council
11718:Hubble Space Telescope
11490:Launch of X-15 program
11411:Aerobee rocket program
11361:2021 Integrated Review
11223:European Patent Office
11143:initiatives and bodies
10533:Billionaire space race
10459:Space Debris Committee
10258:Planetarium hypothesis
10248:Hart–Tipler conjecture
10233:Dark forest hypothesis
10223:Aestivation hypothesis
9942:Venus In Situ Explorer
9746:Planetary habitability
9535:(misidentified quasar)
9527:(misidentified pulsar)
9153:Enceladus Life Finder
9133:Breakthrough Enceladus
8657:Planetary oceanography
6077:Hubble Space Telescope
5645:Space Astronomy Centre
4907:Mars Exploration Rover
4597:
4589:
4581:
4075:at RussianSpaceWeb.com
3476:directory.eoportal.org
2496:"The Mars-NET project"
1409:Signs Of LIfe Detector
1391:Mars Exploration Rover
1270:NASA scientists study
1131:
1119:Landing site selection
808:
651:Second launch in 2028
581:human missions to Mars
502:
393:Proton launch vehicles
329:Mars Trace Gas Orbiter
320:
312:
301:
289:
16:Astrobiology programme
13505:The Planetary Society
13334:Anti-satellite weapon
12729:ITU Radio Regulations
12379:Emirati space program
12110:Operation Osoaviakhim
11978:Executive Order 13959
11858:Operation Burnt Frost
11789:Decadal Planning Team
11271:Indian ASAT programme
11266:Space Activities Bill
10688:European Space Agency
10660:ESA Science Programme
10471:Post-detection policy
10361:Post-detection policy
10263:Rare Earth hypothesis
10088:Voyager Golden Record
9981:Allen Telescope Array
9816:Enceladus Life Finder
9751:Superhabitable planet
9444:Extraterrestrial life
9328:Breakthrough Starshot
8928:Lunar Micro Ecosystem
8848:Superhabitable planet
8713:Extraterrestrial life
8504:Peregrine Mission One
8048:(by termination date)
7823:Emirates Mars Mission
7698:(deep space missions)
6893:Russian space program
5874:Projects and missions
5556:European Space Agency
5102:(2024, flyby in 2025)
5094:(2024, flyby in 2025)
4673:(2023, flyby in 2026)
4664:Mars Cube One (MarCO)
4596:
4588:
4580:
4435:List of Mars orbiters
3979:European Space Agency
3947:European Space Agency
3754:Astrobiology Magazine
3277:ESA Bulletin magazine
3251:"EDM surface payload"
3124:The Planetary Society
2602:European Space Agency
2444:on 13 September 2012.
2422:on 10 September 2012.
2002:National Space Centre
1487:10.1089/ast.2016.1533
1126:
817:European Space Agency
803:Model of the ExoMars
802:
709:and European Lander.
648:First launch in 2016
629:European Space Agency
500:
493:Delays and suspension
457:Canadian Space Agency
318:
307:
295:
284:
236:Since its inception,
124:European Space Agency
109:ESA mission insignia
15592:Russian space probes
15469:Soviet space program
12927:units and formations
12897:Project Harvest Moon
12644:Satellite Convention
12504:African Space Agency
12414:Space programme 2040
12394:Kenyan space program
12389:Kazakh space program
11322:Outer Space Act 1986
11310:Black Arrow launcher
11093:Copernicus programme
11066:EU/ESA Space Council
10694:EU/ESA Space Council
10585:Chinese ASAT program
10351:Planetary protection
10238:Firstborn hypothesis
10228:Berserker hypothesis
10199:Mediocrity principle
10016:Breakthrough Message
9634:Life in the Universe
9335:Carl Sagan Institute
9323:Breakthrough Message
9163:Enceladus Orbilander
8898:Biosatellite program
8748:Planetary protection
8632:Evolutionary biology
8622:Atmospheric sciences
8546:List of lunar probes
8133:Mars Global Surveyor
8045:Completed after 2000
6955:Vostochny Cosmodrome
6474:European Robotic Arm
6318:Sentinel-5 Precursor
5458:Mars Next Generation
5417:Permanent settlement
5307:Mars Surveyor Lander
4773:Mars Climate Orbiter
4759:Mars Global Surveyor
3760:on 5 September 2009.
3108:on 29 September 2011
2739:Agence France-Presse
2101:on 24 November 2007.
1220:On 21 October 2015,
855:Second launch (2028)
746:Planetary protection
645:Contributing agency
610:solar electric power
591:sample return flight
568:to characterise the
389:Russian space agency
298:Gasometer Oberhausen
15587:2028 in spaceflight
15582:2016 in spaceflight
14619:Guiana Space Centre
13361:Kinetic bombardment
12887:Space manufacturing
12877:Space-based economy
12850:Private spaceflight
12270:Shuttle–Mir program
11838:Aldridge Commission
11760:Shuttle–Mir program
11468:Space Act Agreement
11399:Operation Paperclip
11256:Department of Space
11249:Indian space policy
11132:Europe by Satellite
11060:EU Satellite Centre
10772:Guiana Space Centre
10516:Cold War space race
10434:Spacefaring nations
10164:Directed panspermia
10143:Reptilian humanoids
10011:Breakthrough Listen
9991:Arecibo Observatory
9937:Titan Mare Explorer
9510:Signals of interest
9470:Murchison meteorite
9458:Shergotty meteorite
9318:Breakthrough Listen
7695:Active space probes
7580:Veterok and Ugolyok
6947:Svobodny Cosmodrome
6942:Plesetsk Cosmodrome
6920:Baikonur Cosmodrome
6799:Future missions in
5845:European Space Camp
5576:Guiana Space Centre
4415:Spacecraft missions
4073:The ExoMars project
3723:on 3 December 2013.
3652:on 3 December 2013.
3581:on 28 November 2018
3573:JSC ISS–Reshetnev.
3553:exploration.esa.int
3257:. 19 December 2011.
2544:The Voice of Russia
2146:on 14 November 2011
2123:on 8 December 2012.
1862:"ExoMars suspended"
1820:on 6 December 2012.
1479:2017AsBio..17..471V
1368:Exploration of Mars
1310:Related video: 3:03
819:(ESA) and Russia's
752:First launch (2016)
538:Thales Alenia Space
52:Mars reconnaissance
25:
13376:Military satellite
13214:Ranks and insignia
12709:Space jurisdiction
12656:Bogota Declaration
12620:Outer Space Treaty
12116:list of scientists
11404:list of scientists
11046:EU Space Programme
10286:Ancient astronauts
9883:Mars Geyser Hopper
9811:Enceladus Explorer
9451:Events and objects
9148:Enceladus Explorer
8469:Hakuto-R Mission 1
8015:Interstellar space
7712:Parker Solar Probe
7626:(1997 documentary)
7618:(1995 documentary)
7615:Out of the Present
7548:List of cosmonauts
7525:Images and artwork
7465:Deep Space Network
7112:(Mars/Venus flyby)
6649:Ceres Polar Lander
6484:Telecommunications
5443:Mars Scout Program
5282:Mars 4NM & 5NM
5206:Mars Micro Orbiter
5196:Mars Geyser Hopper
4598:
4590:
4582:
4087:; 16 October 2016)
4084:The New York Times
3697:on 26 October 2012
3503:. 27 November 2015
3193:The New York Times
3015:"Packing for Mars"
2976:on 19 October 2012
2845:. 28 February 2022
2663:on 26 October 2016
2056:on 1 December 2016
2031:Space Today Online
1659:The New York Times
1630:The New York Times
1551:The New York Times
1441:The New York Times
1132:
895:. You can help by
809:
738:ionising radiation
545:Mission objectives
503:
321:
313:
302:
290:
21:
15484:
15483:
15204:
15203:
14515:
14514:
13919:
13918:
13801:and the Caribbean
13673:
13672:
13513:
13512:
13399:
13398:
13391:Satellite jamming
12867:Space advertising
12357:
12356:
12353:
12352:
12238:
12237:
12078:
12077:
11698:George H. W. Bush
11167:Council of Europe
11088:Galileo programme
11040:
11039:
11027:Comet Interceptor
10553:Space competition
10389:
10388:
9919:SpaceX Red Dragon
9834:Rosalind Franklin
9629:
9628:
9488:Allan Hills 84001
9482:Allan Hills 77005
9410:
9409:
9289:
9288:
9113:Rosalind Franklin
9026:Trace Gas Orbiter
8683:Allan Hills 84001
8662:Planetary science
8564:
8563:
8532:
8531:
8039:
8038:
7844:2001 Mars Odyssey
7652:
7651:
7575:Belka and Strelka
7565:Soviet space dogs
7427:Sputnik programme
7415:
7414:
7348:
7303:
7282:
7261:
7192:
7191:
7157:
7113:
7105:
7097:
7089:
7061:
7048:
7036:
7000:Human spaceflight
6951:
6928:
6855:
6854:
6793:
6792:
6411:
6410:
6193:Earth observation
6023:Comet Interceptor
6014:Rosalind Franklin
5986:Trace Gas Orbiter
5937:Planetary science
5863:
5862:
5776:Science Programme
5522:
5521:
5511:
5510:
5482:The Case for Mars
5392:Atmospheric entry
5356:
5355:
5287:Mars 5M (Mars-79)
5244:
5243:
5221:Next Mars Orbiter
5129:Rosalind Franklin
5065:
5064:
4985:
4984:
4840:Mars Polar Lander
4572:
4571:
4466:2001 Mars Odyssey
4381:
4380:
4319:
4318:
4235:Rosalind Franklin
4200:
4199:
4161:Trace Gas Orbiter
4068:ESA main web site
3679:on 20 March 2009.
3021:. 22 October 2014
2209:. 20 August 2009.
2033:. 28 August 2005.
1951:Russian Space Web
1750:(Press release).
1304:
1149:sedimentary rocks
1137:hydrated minerals
1084:Rosalind Franklin
1062:Rosalind Franklin
1057:Rosalind Franklin
1006:Rosalind Franklin
978:Rosalind Franklin
966:
965:
913:
912:
757:Trace Gas Orbiter
729:
728:
705:Rosalind Franklin
601:landing of large
516:COVID-19 pandemic
446:Trace Gas Orbiter
408:Trace Gas Orbiter
308:ExoMars rover at
213:Rosalind Franklin
174:Trace Gas Orbiter
160:Rosalind Franklin
142:Trace Gas Orbiter
122:programme of the
113:
112:
15604:
15562:Missions to Mars
15537:
15536:
15535:
15525:
15524:
15523:
15513:
15512:
15501:
15500:
15499:
15492:
15467:Preceded by the
15447:
15446:
15445:
15435:
15434:
15433:
15423:
15422:
15421:
15411:
15410:
15409:
15399:
15398:
15397:
15387:
15386:
15385:
15364:
15363:
15362:
15352:
15351:
15350:
15340:
15339:
15338:
15240:
15239:
15238:
15221:
15220:
15219:
15194:
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15192:
15182:
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15180:
15163:
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15149:
15127:
15126:
15125:
15115:
15114:
15113:
15103:
15102:
15101:
15091:
15090:
15089:
15079:
15078:
15077:
15056:
15055:
15054:
15044:
15043:
15042:
15032:
15031:
15030:
15018:
15017:
15016:
15006:
15005:
15004:
14994:
14993:
14992:
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14980:
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14931:
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14919:
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14907:
14906:
14905:
14895:
14894:
14893:
14883:
14882:
14881:
14871:
14870:
14869:
14859:
14858:
14857:
14847:
14846:
14845:
14835:
14834:
14833:
14816:
14815:
14814:
14804:
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14802:
14792:
14791:
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14778:
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14766:
14756:
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14754:
14737:
14736:
14735:
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14723:
14713:
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14711:
14701:
14700:
14699:
14689:
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14687:
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14674:
14673:
14663:
14662:
14661:
14570:
14569:
14568:
14524:
14523:
14500:
14499:
14498:
14481:
14480:
14479:
14462:
14461:
14460:
14443:
14442:
14441:
14424:
14423:
14422:
14405:
14404:
14403:
14393:
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14391:
14381:
14380:
14379:
14369:
14368:
14367:
14357:
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14355:
14345:
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14343:
14322:
14321:
14320:
14310:
14309:
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14262:
14261:
14260:
14239:
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14227:
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14225:
14198:
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14196:
14186:
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14163:
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14161:
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14149:
14127:
14126:
14125:
14115:
14114:
14113:
14103:
14102:
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14091:
14090:
14089:
14072:
14071:
14070:
14018:
14017:
14016:
13995:
13994:
13993:
13971:
13970:
13969:
13959:
13958:
13957:
13928:
13927:
13902:
13901:
13900:
13890:
13889:
13888:
13861:
13860:
13859:
13849:
13848:
13847:
13837:
13836:
13835:
13825:
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13813:
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13811:
13788:
13787:
13786:
13776:
13775:
13774:
13764:
13763:
13762:
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13751:
13750:
13740:
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13738:
13721:
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13709:
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13695:
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13663:
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13661:
13651:
13650:
13649:
13639:
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13637:
13627:
13626:
13625:
13608:
13607:
13606:
13596:
13595:
13594:
13558:
13557:
13540:
13533:
13526:
13517:
13516:
13500:Space Foundation
13490:Space Fellowship
13302:
13301:
13290:
13289:
13277:
13267:
13266:
13255:
13254:
13243:
13242:
13231:
13230:
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13183:
13182:
13171:
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13159:
13158:
13147:
13146:
13135:
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13111:
13110:
13099:
13098:
13087:
13086:
13075:
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13062:
13051:
13050:
13029:
13028:
13017:
13016:
13005:
13004:
12993:
12992:
12981:
12980:
12969:
12968:
12957:
12956:
12945:
12944:
12921:
12920:
12872:Space technology
12843:
12842:
12831:
12830:
12819:
12818:
12807:
12806:
12749:COSPAR standards
12626:Rescue Agreement
12249:
12248:
12100:
12099:
12087:
12086:
11446:Project Vanguard
11385:
11384:
10856:
10855:
10841:Aurora programme
10827:Mars and beyond
10618:
10617:
10608:
10607:
10579:Shuguang program
10548:Space propaganda
10475:Asteroid impact
10416:
10409:
10402:
10393:
10392:
10366:San Marino Scale
10306:Brookings Report
10253:Neocatastrophism
10159:Cosmic pluralism
10133:Little green men
10108:Types of alleged
10033:Astrolinguistics
9622:
9614:
9613:(unknown origin)
9610:Fast radio burst
9606:
9598:
9579:
9578:(unknown origin)
9575:HD 164595 signal
9571:
9563:
9555:
9536:
9528:
9514:
9513:
9464:Nakhla meteorite
9437:
9430:
9423:
9414:
9413:
9398:
9397:
9386:
9385:
8863:
8862:
8758:Yamato meteorite
8591:
8584:
8577:
8568:
8567:
8052:
8051:
7702:
7701:
7679:
7672:
7665:
7656:
7655:
7597:Cosmonauts Alley
7460:Luch (satellite)
7346:
7318:
7301:
7280:
7259:
7205:
7204:
7155:
7111:
7103:
7095:
7087:
7059:
7046:
7034:
7007:
7006:
6967:
6949:
6922:
6882:
6875:
6868:
6859:
6858:
6845:
6844:
6833:
6821:
6820:
6809:
6808:
6785:Schiaparelli EDM
6644:Calathus Mission
6468:Georges Lemaître
6426:ISS contribution
5885:
5884:
5869:
5868:
5564:
5563:
5549:
5542:
5535:
5526:
5525:
5488:Inspiration Mars
5475:The Mars Project
5367:
5366:
5250:
5249:
5074:
5073:
4991:
4990:
4608:
4607:
4453:
4452:
4408:
4401:
4394:
4385:
4384:
4369:
4368:
4357:
4356:
4336:Meridiani Planum
4224:
4223:
4214:
4208:
4144:
4143:
4125:
4118:
4111:
4102:
4101:
4059:
4058:
4056:Official website
4042:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4023:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4012:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3970:
3964:
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3961:
3959:
3938:
3932:
3931:
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3927:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3866:. 1 October 2014
3856:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3830:
3824:
3823:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3797:
3788:
3787:
3775:
3762:
3761:
3756:. Archived from
3745:
3739:
3738:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3671:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3577:. Archived from
3570:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3299:. 1 October 2020
3287:
3281:
3280:
3274:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3247:
3241:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3213:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3158:
3147:
3146:
3143:Space Fellowship
3134:
3128:
3127:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3100:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3011:
3005:
3004:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2912:
2892:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2609:on 11 March 2016
2605:. Archived from
2592:
2586:
2585:
2573:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2546:. Archived from
2535:
2529:
2528:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2502:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2418:. Archived from
2407:
2401:
2400:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2385:. 20 March 2012.
2375:
2369:
2368:
2356:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2269:. Archived from
2258:
2252:
2251:
2239:
2230:
2229:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2142:. Archived from
2131:
2125:
2124:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2091:
2085:
2077:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2052:. Archived from
2046:
2035:
2034:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
1993:
1984:
1983:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1886:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1838:. Archived from
1828:
1822:
1821:
1816:. Archived from
1805:
1794:
1793:
1781:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1744:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1691:. Archived from
1676:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1650:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1621:
1612:
1611:
1599:
1590:
1589:
1588:. 14 March 2013.
1578:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1498:
1473:(6–7): 471–510.
1458:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1432:
1349:
1344:
1343:
1335:
1333:Astronomy portal
1330:
1329:
1328:
1306:
1305:
1284:
1045:
1026:
961:
958:
952:
940:
939:
932:
908:
905:
887:
880:
840:Meridiani Planum
692:
660:
642:
641:
300:, Germany (2009)
250:Flagship mission
246:Aurora Programme
199:Meridiani Planum
192:
104:
86:Mission duration
80:
77:
75:
73:
33:
26:
20:
15612:
15611:
15607:
15606:
15605:
15603:
15602:
15601:
15547:
15546:
15543:
15533:
15531:
15521:
15519:
15507:
15497:
15495:
15487:
15485:
15480:
15453:
15443:
15441:
15431:
15429:
15419:
15417:
15407:
15405:
15395:
15393:
15383:
15381:
15370:
15360:
15358:
15348:
15346:
15336:
15334:
15246:
15236:
15234:
15217:
15215:
15200:
15190:
15188:
15178:
15176:
15159:
15157:
15147:
15145:
15123:
15121:
15111:
15109:
15099:
15097:
15087:
15085:
15075:
15073:
15062:
15052:
15050:
15040:
15038:
15028:
15026:
15014:
15012:
15002:
15000:
14990:
14988:
14978:
14976:
14939:
14937:
14927:
14925:
14915:
14913:
14903:
14901:
14891:
14889:
14879:
14877:
14867:
14865:
14855:
14853:
14843:
14841:
14831:
14829:
14812:
14810:
14800:
14798:
14788:
14786:
14776:
14774:
14764:
14762:
14752:
14750:
14733:
14731:
14721:
14719:
14709:
14707:
14697:
14695:
14685:
14683:
14671:
14669:
14659:
14657:
14640:
14566:
14564:
14511:
14496:
14494:
14477:
14475:
14458:
14456:
14439:
14437:
14420:
14418:
14401:
14399:
14389:
14387:
14377:
14375:
14365:
14363:
14353:
14351:
14341:
14339:
14328:
14318:
14316:
14306:
14304:
14294:
14292:
14282:
14280:
14270:
14268:
14258:
14256:
14245:
14235:
14233:
14223:
14221:
14194:
14192:
14182:
14180:
14169:
14159:
14157:
14147:
14145:
14123:
14121:
14111:
14109:
14099:
14097:
14087:
14085:
14068:
14066:
14014:
14012:
14001:
13991:
13989:
13967:
13965:
13955:
13953:
13942:
13915:
13898:
13896:
13886:
13884:
13857:
13855:
13845:
13843:
13833:
13831:
13821:
13819:
13809:
13807:
13800:
13794:
13784:
13782:
13772:
13770:
13760:
13758:
13748:
13746:
13736:
13734:
13717:
13715:
13705:
13703:
13693:
13691:
13669:
13659:
13657:
13647:
13645:
13635:
13633:
13623:
13621:
13604:
13602:
13592:
13590:
13579:
13562:
13549:
13544:
13514:
13509:
13395:
13371:Missile defense
13310:
13296:
13284:
13261:
13249:
13237:
13225:
13201:
13177:
13165:
13153:
13141:
13129:
13117:
13105:
13093:
13081:
13069:
13057:
13045:
13023:
13011:
12999:
12987:
12975:
12963:
12951:
12939:
12926:
12910:
12904:Asteroid mining
12892:Lunar resources
12837:
12825:
12813:
12801:
12783:
12776:ISECG standards
12739:ODCWG standards
12734:CCSDS standards
12703:Artemis Accords
12600:
12496:
12490:
12442:
12349:
12307:
12286:
12234:
12217:
12170:
12165:Voskhod program
12134:Sputnik program
12122:
12094:
12092:
12083:USSR and Russia
12074:
11982:
11949:
11942:
11869:
11862:
11805:
11798:
11734:
11727:
11699:
11692:
11635:
11628:
11618:
11611:
11593:
11586:
11558:
11551:
11538:
11531:
11501:
11494:
11432:
11425:
11390:
11380:US space policy
11374:
11290:space programme
11289:
11282:
11244:
11142:
11136:
11103:EUSST programme
11098:EGNOS programme
11036:
10972:
10961:LISA Pathfinder
10930:
10872:Cassini–Huygens
10854:
10765:ESTRACK network
10654:
10637:Mars and beyond
10564:
10557:
10502:
10425:
10420:
10390:
10385:
10381:Xenoarchaeology
10371:Technosignature
10272:
10208:
10194:Kardashev scale
10147:
10109:
10102:
10098:Xenolinguistics
10063:Project Phoenix
10053:Project Cyclops
10038:Lincos language
10001:Bracewell probe
9986:Arecibo message
9967:
9960:
9858:Icebreaker Life
9760:
9672:
9665:
9625:
9620:
9612:
9604:
9596:
9582:
9577:
9569:
9561:
9553:
9539:
9534:
9526:
9505:
9446:
9441:
9411:
9406:
9374:
9295:
9285:
9228:
9222:
9183:Icebreaker Life
9121:
9083:
9067:
9041:
9035:
8952:
8858:
8852:
8769:
8762:
8666:
8642:Geomicrobiology
8600:
8595:
8565:
8560:
8528:
8418:
8338:LISA Pathfinder
8184:
8047:
8035:
8010:
7957:
7892:
7809:
7721:
7697:
7689:
7683:
7653:
7648:
7629:
7536:
7532:Mission patches
7520:
7469:
7411:
7366:
7322:
7316:
7200:
7188:
7172:
7141:
7073:
7002:
6994:
6973:Launch vehicles
6968:
6959:
6908:
6895:
6886:
6856:
6851:
6789:
6758:
6626:
6620:
6601:LISA Pathfinder
6558:
6556:
6549:
6479:
6462:Albert Einstein
6450:Johannes Kepler
6407:
6188:
6046:
6044:
6037:
5932:
5876:
5859:
5818:
5797:
5685:
5664:
5613:
5591:Launch vehicles
5585:
5558:
5553:
5523:
5518:
5507:
5462:
5431:
5352:
5254:
5240:
5186:Mars Base Alpha
5176:Icebreaker Life
5154:
5061:
5043:Mars 3MS No.170
4995:
4981:
4948:
4883:
4834:Mars Pathfinder
4785:
4676:
4635:Mariner 6 and 7
4599:
4591:
4583:
4568:
4517:
4444:
4421:
4412:
4382:
4377:
4345:
4315:
4249:
4215:
4209:
4196:
4165:
4135:
4129:
4079:Arrival at Mars
4054:
4053:
4050:
4045:
4035:
4033:
4025:
4024:
4020:
4010:
4008:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3985:
3983:
3982:. 27 March 2017
3972:
3971:
3967:
3957:
3955:
3954:on 1 April 2017
3940:
3939:
3935:
3925:
3923:
3911:
3907:
3897:
3895:
3883:
3879:
3869:
3867:
3858:
3857:
3853:
3843:
3841:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3798:
3791:
3776:
3765:
3746:
3742:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3700:
3698:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3676:
3669:
3661:
3657:
3644:
3643:
3639:
3624:
3620:
3610:
3608:
3607:. 13 March 2023
3599:
3598:
3594:
3584:
3582:
3571:
3567:
3557:
3555:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3532:
3530:
3529:. 31 March 2015
3521:
3520:
3516:
3506:
3504:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3480:
3478:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3455:
3453:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3430:
3428:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3405:
3403:
3393:
3389:
3379:
3377:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3354:
3352:
3342:
3338:
3328:
3326:
3324:Spaceflight Now
3316:
3312:
3302:
3300:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3272:
3266:
3262:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3232:
3228:
3223:. 10 June 2010.
3215:
3214:
3207:
3197:
3195:
3185:
3181:
3171:
3169:
3160:
3159:
3150:
3135:
3131:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3105:
3098:
3095:MEPAG June 2011
3090:
3086:
3076:
3074:
3064:
3060:
3050:
3048:
3046:Spaceflight Now
3038:
3034:
3024:
3022:
3013:
3012:
3008:
2993:
2989:
2979:
2977:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2953:
2951:
2946:. 16 May 2024.
2938:
2937:
2933:
2923:
2921:
2893:
2884:
2874:
2872:
2871:. 17 March 2022
2863:
2862:
2858:
2848:
2846:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2822:
2820:
2810:
2806:
2796:
2794:
2793:. 14 March 2013
2785:
2784:
2780:
2770:
2768:
2767:. 14 March 2016
2759:
2758:
2754:
2744:
2742:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2718:
2716:
2706:
2702:
2692:
2690:
2680:
2676:
2666:
2664:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2640:
2638:
2626:
2622:
2612:
2610:
2593:
2589:
2582:Spaceflight Now
2574:
2563:
2553:
2551:
2536:
2532:
2517:
2513:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2472:
2468:
2453:
2449:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2408:
2404:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2357:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2328:
2324:
2309:
2305:
2290:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2273:on 7 April 2014
2259:
2255:
2240:
2233:
2218:
2214:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2132:
2128:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2078:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2048:
2047:
2038:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2011:
2009:
1994:
1987:
1969:
1965:
1955:
1953:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1928:
1918:
1911:
1901:
1899:
1887:
1880:
1870:
1868:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1845:
1843:
1842:on 13 July 2018
1830:
1829:
1825:
1806:
1797:
1782:
1767:
1757:
1755:
1746:
1745:
1736:
1726:
1724:
1712:
1708:
1698:
1696:
1695:on 7 April 2014
1677:
1673:
1663:
1661:
1651:
1644:
1634:
1632:
1622:
1615:
1600:
1593:
1580:
1579:
1566:
1556:
1554:
1542:
1538:
1528:
1526:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1459:
1455:
1445:
1443:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1276:
1275:
1250:
1233:landing ellipse
1218:
1191:
1187:Southern Isidis
1121:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1038:
1037:
1027:
1016:
1010:
962:
956:
953:
950:
941:
937:
930:
909:
903:
900:
893:needs expansion
878:
857:
797:
791:
770:methane on Mars
765:
759:
754:
693:
661:
625:
623:Mission profile
547:
495:
469:
461:MDA Corporation
338:-launches: the
234:
191:
187:
166:science mission
105:
90:
70:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
15610:
15600:
15599:
15594:
15589:
15584:
15579:
15574:
15569:
15564:
15559:
15542:
15541:
15529:
15517:
15505:
15482:
15481:
15479:
15478:
15471:
15465:
15458:
15455:
15454:
15452:
15451:
15439:
15427:
15415:
15403:
15391:
15378:
15376:
15372:
15371:
15369:
15368:
15356:
15344:
15332:
15327:
15322:
15317:
15312:
15307:
15302:
15297:
15292:
15287:
15282:
15277:
15276:
15275:
15265:
15260:
15254:
15252:
15248:
15247:
15245:
15244:
15232:
15231:
15230:
15212:
15210:
15206:
15205:
15202:
15201:
15199:
15198:
15186:
15174:
15173:
15172:
15155:
15143:
15142:
15141:
15136:
15119:
15107:
15095:
15083:
15070:
15068:
15064:
15063:
15061:
15060:
15048:
15036:
15024:
15023:
15022:
14998:
14986:
14974:
14973:
14972:
14967:
14962:
14957:
14952:
14935:
14923:
14911:
14899:
14887:
14875:
14863:
14851:
14839:
14827:
14826:
14825:
14808:
14796:
14784:
14772:
14760:
14748:
14747:
14746:
14729:
14717:
14705:
14693:
14681:
14680:
14679:
14654:
14652:
14642:
14641:
14639:
14638:
14633:
14628:
14623:
14622:
14621:
14616:
14615:
14614:
14604:
14599:
14594:
14589:
14584:
14579:
14562:
14557:
14552:
14551:
14550:
14540:
14530:
14528:
14521:
14517:
14516:
14513:
14512:
14510:
14509:
14492:
14491:
14490:
14473:
14472:
14471:
14454:
14453:
14452:
14435:
14434:
14433:
14416:
14415:
14414:
14397:
14385:
14373:
14361:
14349:
14336:
14334:
14330:
14329:
14327:
14326:
14314:
14302:
14290:
14278:
14266:
14253:
14251:
14250:Southeast Asia
14247:
14246:
14244:
14243:
14231:
14219:
14218:
14217:
14212:
14207:
14190:
14177:
14175:
14171:
14170:
14168:
14167:
14155:
14143:
14142:
14141:
14136:
14119:
14107:
14095:
14083:
14082:
14081:
14064:
14063:
14062:
14057:
14052:
14051:
14050:
14047:
14042:
14037:
14027:
14009:
14007:
14003:
14002:
14000:
13999:
13987:
13986:
13985:
13980:
13963:
13950:
13948:
13944:
13943:
13941:
13940:
13934:
13932:
13925:
13921:
13920:
13917:
13916:
13914:
13913:
13912:
13911:
13894:
13882:
13881:
13880:
13875:
13870:
13853:
13841:
13829:
13817:
13804:
13802:
13796:
13795:
13793:
13792:
13780:
13768:
13756:
13744:
13732:
13731:
13730:
13713:
13701:
13688:
13686:
13679:
13675:
13674:
13671:
13670:
13668:
13667:
13655:
13643:
13631:
13619:
13618:
13617:
13600:
13587:
13585:
13581:
13580:
13578:
13577:
13572:
13566:
13564:
13555:
13551:
13550:
13543:
13542:
13535:
13528:
13520:
13511:
13510:
13508:
13507:
13502:
13497:
13492:
13487:
13482:
13477:
13472:
13467:
13462:
13457:
13452:
13447:
13446:
13445:
13440:
13435:
13430:
13425:
13415:
13409:
13407:
13405:Space advocacy
13401:
13400:
13397:
13396:
13394:
13393:
13388:
13383:
13378:
13373:
13368:
13363:
13358:
13357:
13356:
13351:
13346:
13341:
13331:
13326:
13320:
13318:
13312:
13311:
13309:
13308:
13307:
13306:
13294:
13292:United Kingdom
13282:
13271:
13259:
13247:
13235:
13221:Space commands
13218:
13217:
13216:
13211:
13199:
13198:
13197:
13192:
13175:
13173:United Kingdom
13163:
13151:
13139:
13127:
13115:
13103:
13091:
13079:
13067:
13055:
13043:
13042:
13041:
13036:
13021:
13009:
12997:
12985:
12973:
12961:
12949:
12931:
12929:
12918:
12916:Militarisation
12912:
12911:
12909:
12908:
12907:
12906:
12901:
12900:
12899:
12889:
12884:
12874:
12869:
12864:
12859:
12858:
12857:
12852:
12847:
12835:
12833:United Kingdom
12823:
12811:
12797:Space industry
12793:
12791:
12789:Commercial use
12785:
12784:
12782:
12781:
12778:
12773:
12768:
12763:
12762:
12761:
12759:IPDA standards
12756:
12746:
12744:CEOS standards
12741:
12736:
12731:
12726:
12721:
12716:
12711:
12706:
12700:
12694:
12688:
12683:
12677:
12671:
12665:
12659:
12653:
12647:
12641:
12635:
12629:
12623:
12617:
12610:
12608:
12602:
12601:
12599:
12598:
12593:
12588:
12583:
12578:
12573:
12568:
12563:
12558:
12553:
12548:
12543:
12538:
12533:
12528:
12527:
12526:
12516:
12511:
12506:
12500:
12498:
12492:
12491:
12489:
12488:
12483:
12478:
12477:
12476:
12471:
12461:
12456:
12450:
12448:
12447:United Nations
12444:
12443:
12441:
12440:
12439:
12438:
12428:
12423:
12418:
12417:
12416:
12406:
12401:
12396:
12391:
12386:
12381:
12376:
12371:
12365:
12363:
12362:Other policies
12359:
12358:
12355:
12354:
12351:
12350:
12348:
12347:
12346:
12345:
12340:
12338:MARS-500 study
12332:
12327:
12322:
12315:
12313:
12309:
12308:
12306:
12305:
12300:
12294:
12292:
12288:
12287:
12285:
12284:
12283:
12282:
12277:
12272:
12261:
12255:
12253:
12246:
12240:
12239:
12236:
12235:
12233:
12232:
12225:
12223:
12219:
12218:
12216:
12215:
12209:
12203:
12197:
12194:Salyut program
12191:
12185:
12178:
12176:
12172:
12171:
12169:
12168:
12162:
12156:
12150:
12147:Vostok program
12144:
12143:
12142:
12139:Sputnik crisis
12130:
12128:
12124:
12123:
12121:
12120:
12119:
12118:
12106:
12104:
12097:
12084:
12080:
12079:
12076:
12075:
12073:
12072:
12071:
12070:
12065:
12060:
12055:
12050:
12040:
12035:
12030:
12025:
12024:
12023:
12013:
12008:
12006:Budget of NASA
12003:
11998:
11993:
11987:
11984:
11983:
11981:
11980:
11975:
11970:
11965:
11960:
11954:
11952:
11944:
11943:
11941:
11940:
11938:2015 Space Act
11935:
11930:
11925:
11920:
11915:
11910:
11905:
11900:
11895:
11890:
11885:
11880:
11874:
11872:
11864:
11863:
11861:
11860:
11855:
11850:
11845:
11840:
11835:
11830:
11824:Space Shuttle
11821:
11816:
11810:
11808:
11804:George W. Bush
11800:
11799:
11797:
11796:
11791:
11786:
11784:1998 Space Act
11781:
11776:
11775:
11774:
11773:
11772:
11762:
11752:
11747:
11739:
11737:
11729:
11728:
11726:
11725:
11720:
11715:
11710:
11704:
11702:
11694:
11693:
11691:
11690:
11685:
11680:
11674:Space Shuttle
11671:
11666:
11664:1984 Space Act
11661:
11656:
11651:
11646:
11640:
11638:
11630:
11629:
11627:
11626:
11623:
11621:
11613:
11612:
11610:
11609:
11604:
11598:
11596:
11588:
11587:
11585:
11584:
11579:
11574:
11569:
11563:
11561:
11553:
11552:
11550:
11549:
11543:
11541:
11533:
11532:
11530:
11529:
11522:
11517:
11512:
11506:
11504:
11496:
11495:
11493:
11492:
11487:
11482:
11477:
11472:
11471:
11470:
11460:
11453:
11451:Sputnik crisis
11448:
11443:
11437:
11435:
11427:
11426:
11424:
11423:
11418:
11413:
11408:
11407:
11406:
11395:
11393:
11382:
11376:
11375:
11373:
11372:
11371:
11370:
11358:
11352:
11347:
11342:
11336:
11330:
11324:
11319:
11313:
11307:
11301:
11294:
11292:
11284:
11283:
11281:
11280:
11279:
11278:
11276:Mission Shakti
11268:
11263:
11258:
11252:
11250:
11246:
11245:
11243:
11242:
11237:
11232:
11227:
11226:
11225:
11215:
11210:
11205:
11204:
11203:
11193:
11184:
11179:
11174:
11169:
11164:
11159:
11158:
11157:
11146:
11144:
11141:Other European
11138:
11137:
11135:
11134:
11129:
11124:
11119:
11114:
11109:
11108:
11107:
11106:
11105:
11100:
11095:
11090:
11079:
11076:
11068:
11063:
11057:
11050:
11048:
11042:
11041:
11038:
11037:
11035:
11034:
11029:
11024:
11019:
11014:
11009:
11004:
10999:
10994:
10989:
10983:
10981:
10974:
10973:
10971:
10970:
10963:
10958:
10951:
10950:
10949:
10938:
10936:
10932:
10931:
10929:
10928:
10921:
10914:
10909:
10902:
10894:
10889:
10884:
10883:
10882:
10868:
10862:
10860:
10853:
10852:
10851:
10850:
10849:
10848:
10843:
10838:
10836:MARS-500 study
10833:
10825:
10823:ESA Television
10820:
10819:
10818:
10817:
10816:
10806:
10796:
10791:
10786:
10780:
10774:
10769:
10768:
10767:
10757:
10752:
10746:
10740:
10735:
10730:
10729:
10728:
10718:
10713:
10712:
10711:
10701:
10696:
10685:
10679:
10678:
10677:
10664:
10662:
10656:
10655:
10653:
10652:
10651:
10650:
10648:MARS-500 study
10645:
10634:
10628:
10627:
10626:
10621:
10611:
10595:
10594:
10593:
10582:
10576:
10569:
10567:
10559:
10558:
10556:
10555:
10550:
10545:
10540:
10535:
10530:
10529:
10528:
10523:
10521:Sputnik crisis
10512:
10510:
10504:
10503:
10501:
10500:
10499:
10498:
10497:
10496:
10486:
10481:
10473:
10468:
10463:
10462:
10461:
10456:
10446:
10441:
10436:
10430:
10427:
10426:
10419:
10418:
10411:
10404:
10396:
10387:
10386:
10384:
10383:
10378:
10373:
10368:
10363:
10358:
10353:
10348:
10343:
10338:
10333:
10328:
10323:
10318:
10313:
10308:
10303:
10298:
10293:
10288:
10282:
10280:
10278:Related topics
10274:
10273:
10271:
10270:
10268:Zoo hypothesis
10265:
10260:
10255:
10250:
10245:
10240:
10235:
10230:
10225:
10219:
10217:
10210:
10209:
10207:
10206:
10201:
10196:
10191:
10186:
10181:
10176:
10171:
10169:Drake equation
10166:
10161:
10155:
10153:
10149:
10148:
10146:
10145:
10140:
10135:
10130:
10125:
10120:
10114:
10112:
10104:
10103:
10101:
10100:
10095:
10090:
10085:
10080:
10075:
10070:
10065:
10060:
10055:
10050:
10048:Pioneer plaque
10045:
10040:
10035:
10030:
10025:
10020:
10019:
10018:
10013:
10003:
9998:
9993:
9988:
9983:
9978:
9972:
9970:
9962:
9961:
9959:
9958:
9951:
9944:
9939:
9934:
9929:
9921:
9916:
9908:
9900:
9898:Northern Light
9895:
9890:
9885:
9880:
9875:
9870:
9865:
9860:
9855:
9850:
9845:
9840:
9839:
9838:
9825:
9822:Europa Clipper
9818:
9813:
9808:
9801:
9794:
9786:
9781:
9776:
9770:
9768:
9766:Space missions
9762:
9761:
9759:
9758:
9753:
9748:
9743:
9738:
9733:
9728:
9723:
9718:
9713:
9708:
9703:
9698:
9693:
9688:
9683:
9677:
9675:
9667:
9666:
9664:
9663:
9658:
9653:
9648:
9643:
9637:
9635:
9631:
9630:
9627:
9626:
9624:
9623:
9621:(radio signal)
9615:
9607:
9605:(inconclusive)
9599:
9597:(radio source)
9590:
9588:
9584:
9583:
9581:
9580:
9572:
9564:
9559:EPIC 204278916
9556:
9547:
9545:
9541:
9540:
9538:
9537:
9529:
9520:
9518:
9511:
9507:
9506:
9504:
9503:
9497:
9491:
9485:
9479:
9473:
9467:
9461:
9454:
9452:
9448:
9447:
9440:
9439:
9432:
9425:
9417:
9408:
9407:
9405:
9404:
9392:
9379:
9376:
9375:
9373:
9372:
9367:
9362:
9357:
9352:
9347:
9342:
9337:
9332:
9331:
9330:
9325:
9320:
9310:
9305:
9299:
9297:
9291:
9290:
9287:
9286:
9284:
9283:
9278:
9273:
9271:Northern Light
9268:
9263:
9258:
9253:
9248:
9243:
9238:
9232:
9230:
9227:Cancelled and
9224:
9223:
9221:
9220:
9215:
9210:
9205:
9200:
9195:
9190:
9185:
9180:
9175:
9170:
9165:
9160:
9155:
9150:
9145:
9140:
9135:
9129:
9127:
9123:
9122:
9120:
9119:
9118:
9117:
9104:
9102:Europa Clipper
9099:
9091:
9089:
9085:
9084:
9082:
9081:
9075:
9073:
9069:
9068:
9066:
9065:
9058:
9053:
9045:
9043:
9037:
9036:
9034:
9033:
9028:
9023:
9022:
9021:
9008:
9001:
9000:
8999:
8986:
8985:
8984:
8971:
8966:
8960:
8958:
8954:
8953:
8951:
8950:
8945:
8940:
8935:
8930:
8925:
8920:
8915:
8910:
8905:
8900:
8895:
8890:
8885:
8880:
8875:
8869:
8867:
8860:
8854:
8853:
8851:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8825:
8820:
8815:
8810:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8785:
8780:
8774:
8772:
8764:
8763:
8761:
8760:
8755:
8750:
8745:
8740:
8735:
8730:
8725:
8720:
8715:
8710:
8705:
8700:
8698:Drake equation
8695:
8690:
8685:
8680:
8674:
8672:
8668:
8667:
8665:
8664:
8659:
8654:
8649:
8644:
8639:
8637:Exoplanetology
8634:
8629:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8612:Astrochemistry
8608:
8606:
8602:
8601:
8594:
8593:
8586:
8579:
8571:
8562:
8561:
8559:
8558:
8553:
8548:
8543:
8537:
8534:
8533:
8530:
8529:
8527:
8526:
8525:
8524:
8519:
8514:
8506:
8498:
8497:
8496:
8488:
8476:
8471:
8463:
8462:
8461:
8454:
8447:
8437:
8436:
8435:
8426:
8424:
8420:
8419:
8417:
8416:
8415:
8414:
8402:
8397:
8390:
8379:
8371:
8370:
8369:
8364:
8357:
8349:
8348:
8347:
8340:
8332:
8331:
8330:
8320:
8312:
8296:
8295:
8294:
8289:
8282:
8272:
8271:
8270:
8265:
8258:
8250:
8249:
8248:
8238:
8237:
8236:
8228:
8227:
8226:
8216:
8215:
8214:
8203:
8192:
8190:
8186:
8185:
8183:
8182:
8181:
8180:
8175:
8170:
8165:
8158:
8150:
8149:
8148:
8138:
8137:
8136:
8126:
8125:
8124:
8114:
8113:
8112:
8102:
8101:
8100:
8093:
8086:
8076:
8075:
8074:
8067:
8065:NEAR Shoemaker
8058:
8056:
8049:
8041:
8040:
8037:
8036:
8034:
8033:
8026:
8018:
8016:
8012:
8011:
8009:
8008:
8003:
7998:
7991:
7984:
7973:
7967:
7965:
7959:
7958:
7956:
7955:
7954:
7953:
7943:
7942:
7941:
7929:
7928:
7927:
7915:
7914:
7913:
7900:
7898:
7894:
7893:
7891:
7890:
7889:
7888:
7875:
7868:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7840:
7833:
7825:
7819:
7817:
7811:
7810:
7808:
7807:
7806:
7805:
7795:
7793:Tiandu 1 and 2
7790:
7785:
7780:
7775:
7770:
7765:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7737:
7731:
7729:
7723:
7722:
7720:
7719:
7714:
7708:
7706:
7699:
7691:
7690:
7682:
7681:
7674:
7667:
7659:
7650:
7649:
7647:
7646:
7641:
7634:
7631:
7630:
7628:
7627:
7623:Mission to Mir
7619:
7611:
7610:
7609:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7587:Ivan Ivanovich
7584:
7583:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7562:
7561:
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13506:
13503:
13501:
13498:
13496:
13493:
13491:
13488:
13486:
13483:
13481:
13478:
13476:
13473:
13471:
13468:
13466:
13463:
13461:
13458:
13456:
13453:
13451:
13448:
13444:
13441:
13439:
13436:
13434:
13431:
13429:
13426:
13424:
13421:
13420:
13419:
13416:
13414:
13411:
13410:
13408:
13406:
13402:
13392:
13389:
13387:
13384:
13382:
13379:
13377:
13374:
13372:
13369:
13367:
13364:
13362:
13359:
13355:
13354:United States
13352:
13350:
13347:
13345:
13342:
13340:
13337:
13336:
13335:
13332:
13330:
13327:
13325:
13322:
13321:
13319:
13317:
13316:Space warfare
13313:
13305:
13304:United States
13300:
13295:
13293:
13288:
13283:
13281:
13276:
13272:
13270:
13265:
13260:
13258:
13253:
13248:
13246:
13241:
13236:
13234:
13229:
13224:
13223:
13222:
13219:
13215:
13212:
13210:
13205:
13200:
13196:
13193:
13191:
13188:
13187:
13186:
13185:United States
13181:
13176:
13174:
13169:
13164:
13162:
13157:
13152:
13150:
13145:
13140:
13138:
13133:
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13116:
13114:
13109:
13104:
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13097:
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13073:
13068:
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13061:
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13044:
13040:
13037:
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13027:
13022:
13020:
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13008:
13003:
12998:
12996:
12991:
12986:
12984:
12979:
12974:
12972:
12967:
12962:
12960:
12955:
12950:
12948:
12943:
12938:
12937:
12936:
12933:
12932:
12930:
12928:
12925:Space forces,
12922:
12919:
12917:
12913:
12905:
12902:
12898:
12895:
12894:
12893:
12890:
12888:
12885:
12883:
12880:
12879:
12878:
12875:
12873:
12870:
12868:
12865:
12863:
12862:Space tourism
12860:
12856:
12853:
12851:
12848:
12846:
12845:United States
12841:
12836:
12834:
12829:
12824:
12822:
12817:
12812:
12810:
12805:
12800:
12799:
12798:
12795:
12794:
12792:
12790:
12786:
12779:
12777:
12774:
12772:
12771:GEO standards
12769:
12767:
12766:GSC standards
12764:
12760:
12757:
12755:
12752:
12751:
12750:
12747:
12745:
12742:
12740:
12737:
12735:
12732:
12730:
12727:
12725:
12722:
12720:
12717:
12715:
12712:
12710:
12707:
12704:
12701:
12698:
12695:
12692:
12689:
12687:
12684:
12681:
12678:
12675:
12672:
12669:
12666:
12663:
12660:
12657:
12654:
12651:
12648:
12645:
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12639:
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12627:
12624:
12621:
12618:
12615:
12612:
12611:
12609:
12607:
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12592:
12589:
12587:
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12579:
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12562:
12559:
12557:
12554:
12552:
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12537:
12534:
12532:
12529:
12525:
12522:
12521:
12520:
12517:
12515:
12512:
12510:
12507:
12505:
12502:
12501:
12499:
12493:
12487:
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12482:
12479:
12475:
12472:
12470:
12467:
12466:
12465:
12462:
12460:
12457:
12455:
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12437:
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12429:
12427:
12424:
12422:
12419:
12415:
12412:
12411:
12410:
12407:
12405:
12402:
12400:
12397:
12395:
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12390:
12387:
12385:
12382:
12380:
12377:
12375:
12372:
12370:
12367:
12366:
12364:
12360:
12344:
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12336:
12335:
12333:
12331:
12328:
12326:
12323:
12320:
12317:
12316:
12314:
12310:
12304:
12301:
12299:
12296:
12295:
12293:
12289:
12281:
12278:
12276:
12275:ISS programme
12273:
12271:
12268:
12267:
12265:
12262:
12260:
12257:
12256:
12254:
12250:
12247:
12245:
12241:
12230:
12227:
12226:
12224:
12220:
12213:
12210:
12207:
12206:Buran program
12204:
12201:
12198:
12195:
12192:
12189:
12186:
12183:
12182:Soyuz program
12180:
12179:
12177:
12173:
12166:
12163:
12160:
12157:
12154:
12151:
12148:
12145:
12140:
12137:
12136:
12135:
12132:
12131:
12129:
12125:
12117:
12114:
12113:
12111:
12108:
12107:
12105:
12101:
12098:
12096:
12088:
12085:
12081:
12069:
12066:
12064:
12061:
12059:
12056:
12054:
12051:
12049:
12046:
12045:
12044:
12041:
12039:
12036:
12034:
12031:
12029:
12026:
12022:
12019:
12018:
12017:
12014:
12012:
12009:
12007:
12004:
12002:
11999:
11997:
11994:
11992:
11989:
11988:
11985:
11979:
11976:
11974:
11971:
11969:
11966:
11964:
11961:
11959:
11956:
11955:
11953:
11951:
11945:
11939:
11936:
11934:
11933:2014 NASA Act
11931:
11929:
11926:
11924:
11921:
11919:
11916:
11914:
11913:2010 NASA Act
11911:
11909:
11906:
11904:
11903:Flexible path
11901:
11899:
11896:
11894:
11891:
11889:
11886:
11884:
11881:
11879:
11876:
11875:
11873:
11871:
11865:
11859:
11856:
11854:
11851:
11849:
11848:2005 NASA Act
11846:
11844:
11841:
11839:
11836:
11834:
11831:
11829:
11827:
11822:
11820:
11817:
11815:
11812:
11811:
11809:
11807:
11801:
11795:
11792:
11790:
11787:
11785:
11782:
11780:
11777:
11771:
11768:
11767:
11766:
11765:ISS programme
11763:
11761:
11758:
11757:
11756:
11753:
11751:
11748:
11746:
11745:
11741:
11740:
11738:
11736:
11730:
11724:
11721:
11719:
11716:
11714:
11711:
11709:
11706:
11705:
11703:
11701:
11695:
11689:
11686:
11684:
11683:Rogers Report
11681:
11679:
11677:
11672:
11670:
11667:
11665:
11662:
11660:
11657:
11655:
11652:
11650:
11647:
11645:
11642:
11641:
11639:
11637:
11631:
11625:
11624:
11622:
11620:
11614:
11608:
11605:
11603:
11600:
11599:
11597:
11595:
11589:
11583:
11580:
11578:
11575:
11573:
11570:
11568:
11565:
11564:
11562:
11560:
11554:
11548:
11545:
11544:
11542:
11540:
11534:
11527:
11523:
11521:
11518:
11516:
11513:
11511:
11508:
11507:
11505:
11503:
11497:
11491:
11488:
11486:
11483:
11481:
11478:
11476:
11473:
11469:
11466:
11465:
11464:
11463:1958 NASA Act
11461:
11459:
11458:
11454:
11452:
11449:
11447:
11444:
11442:
11439:
11438:
11436:
11434:
11428:
11422:
11419:
11417:
11414:
11412:
11409:
11405:
11402:
11401:
11400:
11397:
11396:
11394:
11392:
11386:
11383:
11381:
11377:
11369:
11368:
11364:
11363:
11362:
11359:
11356:
11353:
11351:
11348:
11346:
11343:
11340:
11337:
11334:
11331:
11328:
11325:
11323:
11320:
11317:
11314:
11311:
11308:
11305:
11302:
11299:
11296:
11295:
11293:
11291:
11285:
11277:
11274:
11273:
11272:
11269:
11267:
11264:
11262:
11259:
11257:
11254:
11253:
11251:
11247:
11241:
11238:
11236:
11233:
11231:
11228:
11224:
11221:
11220:
11219:
11216:
11214:
11211:
11209:
11206:
11202:
11199:
11198:
11197:
11194:
11192:
11188:
11185:
11183:
11180:
11178:
11175:
11173:
11170:
11168:
11165:
11163:
11160:
11156:
11153:
11152:
11151:
11148:
11147:
11145:
11139:
11133:
11130:
11128:
11125:
11123:
11120:
11118:
11115:
11113:
11110:
11104:
11101:
11099:
11096:
11094:
11091:
11089:
11086:
11085:
11083:
11080:
11077:
11074:
11073:
11072:
11069:
11067:
11064:
11061:
11058:
11055:
11052:
11051:
11049:
11047:
11043:
11033:
11030:
11028:
11025:
11023:
11020:
11018:
11015:
11013:
11010:
11008:
11005:
11003:
11000:
10998:
10995:
10993:
10990:
10988:
10987:Solar Orbiter
10985:
10984:
10982:
10979:
10978:Cosmic Vision
10975:
10969:
10968:
10964:
10962:
10959:
10957:
10956:
10952:
10948:
10945:
10944:
10943:
10942:ISS programme
10940:
10939:
10937:
10933:
10927:
10926:
10922:
10920:
10919:
10915:
10913:
10910:
10908:
10907:
10903:
10901:
10900:
10895:
10893:
10890:
10888:
10885:
10881:
10880:
10876:
10875:
10874:
10873:
10869:
10867:
10864:
10863:
10861:
10857:
10847:
10844:
10842:
10839:
10837:
10834:
10832:
10829:
10828:
10826:
10824:
10821:
10815:
10812:
10811:
10810:
10807:
10805:
10802:
10801:
10800:
10797:
10795:
10792:
10790:
10787:
10784:
10781:
10778:
10775:
10773:
10770:
10766:
10763:
10762:
10761:
10758:
10756:
10753:
10750:
10747:
10744:
10741:
10739:
10736:
10734:
10731:
10727:
10724:
10723:
10722:
10719:
10717:
10714:
10710:
10707:
10706:
10705:
10702:
10700:
10697:
10695:
10692:
10691:
10689:
10686:
10683:
10680:
10675:
10672:
10671:
10669:
10666:
10665:
10663:
10661:
10657:
10649:
10646:
10643:
10640:
10639:
10638:
10635:
10632:
10629:
10625:
10624:Space station
10622:
10620:
10612:
10610:
10602:
10601:
10599:
10596:
10592:
10589:
10588:
10586:
10583:
10580:
10577:
10574:
10571:
10570:
10568:
10566:
10565:space program
10560:
10554:
10551:
10549:
10546:
10544:
10541:
10539:
10536:
10534:
10531:
10527:
10524:
10522:
10519:
10518:
10517:
10514:
10513:
10511:
10509:
10505:
10495:
10492:
10491:
10490:
10487:
10485:
10482:
10480:
10477:
10476:
10474:
10472:
10469:
10467:
10464:
10460:
10457:
10455:
10452:
10451:
10450:
10447:
10445:
10442:
10440:
10437:
10435:
10432:
10431:
10428:
10424:
10417:
10412:
10410:
10405:
10403:
10398:
10397:
10394:
10382:
10379:
10377:
10374:
10372:
10369:
10367:
10364:
10362:
10359:
10357:
10354:
10352:
10349:
10347:
10344:
10342:
10339:
10337:
10334:
10332:
10329:
10327:
10324:
10322:
10319:
10317:
10314:
10312:
10309:
10307:
10304:
10302:
10299:
10297:
10294:
10292:
10289:
10287:
10284:
10283:
10281:
10279:
10275:
10269:
10266:
10264:
10261:
10259:
10256:
10254:
10251:
10249:
10246:
10244:
10241:
10239:
10236:
10234:
10231:
10229:
10226:
10224:
10221:
10220:
10218:
10215:
10214:Fermi paradox
10211:
10205:
10202:
10200:
10197:
10195:
10192:
10190:
10187:
10185:
10182:
10180:
10179:Fermi paradox
10177:
10175:
10172:
10170:
10167:
10165:
10162:
10160:
10157:
10156:
10154:
10150:
10144:
10141:
10139:
10138:Nordic aliens
10136:
10134:
10131:
10129:
10126:
10124:
10121:
10119:
10118:Energy beings
10116:
10115:
10113:
10111:
10105:
10099:
10096:
10094:
10091:
10089:
10086:
10084:
10081:
10079:
10076:
10074:
10071:
10069:
10066:
10064:
10061:
10059:
10056:
10054:
10051:
10049:
10046:
10044:
10041:
10039:
10036:
10034:
10031:
10029:
10026:
10024:
10021:
10017:
10014:
10012:
10009:
10008:
10007:
10004:
10002:
9999:
9997:
9994:
9992:
9989:
9987:
9984:
9982:
9979:
9977:
9974:
9973:
9971:
9969:
9968:communication
9963:
9957:
9956:
9952:
9950:
9949:
9945:
9943:
9940:
9938:
9935:
9933:
9930:
9928:
9926:
9922:
9920:
9917:
9915:
9913:
9909:
9907:
9905:
9901:
9899:
9896:
9894:
9891:
9889:
9886:
9884:
9881:
9879:
9876:
9874:
9871:
9869:
9866:
9864:
9861:
9859:
9856:
9854:
9851:
9849:
9846:
9844:
9841:
9837:
9835:
9831:
9830:
9829:
9826:
9824:
9823:
9819:
9817:
9814:
9812:
9809:
9807:
9806:
9802:
9800:
9799:
9795:
9793:
9791:
9787:
9785:
9782:
9780:
9777:
9775:
9772:
9771:
9769:
9767:
9763:
9757:
9754:
9752:
9749:
9747:
9744:
9742:
9739:
9737:
9734:
9732:
9729:
9727:
9724:
9722:
9719:
9717:
9714:
9712:
9709:
9707:
9704:
9702:
9699:
9697:
9694:
9692:
9689:
9687:
9684:
9682:
9679:
9678:
9676:
9674:
9668:
9662:
9661:Life on Titan
9659:
9657:
9654:
9652:
9651:Life on Venus
9649:
9647:
9644:
9642:
9639:
9638:
9636:
9632:
9619:
9616:
9611:
9608:
9603:
9600:
9595:
9592:
9591:
9589:
9585:
9576:
9573:
9568:
9565:
9560:
9557:
9552:
9549:
9548:
9546:
9542:
9533:
9530:
9525:
9522:
9521:
9519:
9517:Misidentified
9515:
9512:
9508:
9501:
9498:
9495:
9494:Yamato 000593
9492:
9489:
9486:
9483:
9480:
9477:
9474:
9471:
9468:
9465:
9462:
9459:
9456:
9455:
9453:
9449:
9445:
9438:
9433:
9431:
9426:
9424:
9419:
9418:
9415:
9403:
9402:
9393:
9391:
9390:
9381:
9380:
9377:
9371:
9368:
9366:
9363:
9361:
9358:
9356:
9353:
9351:
9348:
9346:
9343:
9341:
9338:
9336:
9333:
9329:
9326:
9324:
9321:
9319:
9316:
9315:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9306:
9304:
9301:
9300:
9298:
9292:
9282:
9279:
9277:
9274:
9272:
9269:
9267:
9264:
9262:
9259:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9247:
9244:
9242:
9239:
9237:
9234:
9233:
9231:
9225:
9219:
9216:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9199:
9196:
9194:
9191:
9189:
9186:
9184:
9181:
9179:
9176:
9174:
9171:
9169:
9168:Europa Lander
9166:
9164:
9161:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9146:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9131:
9130:
9128:
9124:
9116:
9114:
9110:
9109:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9097:
9093:
9092:
9090:
9086:
9080:
9077:
9076:
9074:
9070:
9064:
9063:
9059:
9057:
9054:
9052:
9051:
9047:
9046:
9044:
9038:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9020:
9018:
9014:
9013:
9012:
9009:
9007:
9006:
9002:
8998:
8996:
8992:
8991:
8990:
8987:
8983:
8981:
8977:
8976:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8961:
8959:
8955:
8949:
8946:
8944:
8941:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8926:
8924:
8921:
8919:
8916:
8914:
8911:
8909:
8906:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8894:
8891:
8889:
8886:
8884:
8881:
8879:
8876:
8874:
8871:
8870:
8868:
8864:
8861:
8855:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8824:
8821:
8819:
8816:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8776:
8775:
8773:
8771:
8765:
8759:
8756:
8754:
8751:
8749:
8746:
8744:
8741:
8739:
8736:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8724:
8723:Extremophiles
8721:
8719:
8716:
8714:
8711:
8709:
8706:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8686:
8684:
8681:
8679:
8676:
8675:
8673:
8669:
8663:
8660:
8658:
8655:
8653:
8650:
8648:
8645:
8643:
8640:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8609:
8607:
8603:
8599:
8592:
8587:
8585:
8580:
8578:
8573:
8572:
8569:
8557:
8554:
8552:
8549:
8547:
8544:
8542:
8539:
8538:
8535:
8523:
8520:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8511:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8501:
8499:
8495:
8493:
8489:
8487:
8485:
8480:
8479:Chandrayaan-3
8477:
8475:
8472:
8470:
8467:
8466:
8464:
8460:
8459:
8455:
8453:
8452:
8448:
8446:
8445:
8441:
8440:
8438:
8434:
8431:
8430:
8428:
8427:
8425:
8421:
8413:
8411:
8406:
8405:Chandrayaan-2
8403:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8395:
8391:
8389:
8387:
8383:
8380:
8378:
8375:
8374:
8372:
8368:
8365:
8363:
8362:
8358:
8356:
8353:
8352:
8350:
8346:
8345:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8335:
8333:
8329:
8328:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8317:
8313:
8311:
8310:
8305:
8304:
8300:
8299:
8297:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8287:
8283:
8281:
8280:
8276:
8275:
8273:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8263:
8262:Venus Express
8259:
8257:
8254:
8253:
8251:
8247:
8246:
8242:
8241:
8239:
8235:
8232:
8231:
8229:
8225:
8224:
8220:
8219:
8217:
8213:
8211:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8201:
8197:
8196:
8194:
8193:
8191:
8187:
8179:
8176:
8174:
8171:
8169:
8168:Chandrayaan-1
8166:
8164:
8163:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8153:
8151:
8147:
8146:
8142:
8141:
8139:
8135:
8134:
8130:
8129:
8127:
8123:
8122:
8118:
8117:
8115:
8111:
8110:
8106:
8105:
8103:
8099:
8098:
8094:
8092:
8091:
8087:
8085:
8084:
8080:
8079:
8077:
8073:
8072:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8062:
8060:
8059:
8057:
8053:
8050:
8046:
8042:
8032:
8031:
8027:
8025:
8024:
8020:
8019:
8017:
8013:
8007:
8004:
8002:
7999:
7997:
7996:
7992:
7990:
7989:
7985:
7983:
7979:
7978:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7968:
7966:
7964:
7963:Minor planets
7960:
7951:
7950:
7949:
7948:
7944:
7940:
7937:
7936:
7935:
7934:
7930:
7926:
7923:
7922:
7921:
7920:
7916:
7912:
7909:
7908:
7907:
7906:
7902:
7901:
7899:
7897:Other planets
7895:
7887:
7885:
7881:
7880:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7873:
7869:
7867:
7865:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7845:
7841:
7839:
7838:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7820:
7818:
7816:
7812:
7804:
7801:
7800:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7745:Chandrayaan-2
7743:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7732:
7730:
7728:
7724:
7718:
7717:Solar Orbiter
7715:
7713:
7710:
7709:
7707:
7703:
7700:
7696:
7692:
7688:
7685:21st-century
7680:
7675:
7673:
7668:
7666:
7661:
7660:
7657:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7636:
7635:
7632:
7625:
7624:
7620:
7617:
7616:
7612:
7608:
7605:
7604:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7567:
7566:
7563:
7559:
7556:
7555:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7545:
7543:
7539:
7533:
7530:
7529:
7527:
7523:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7481:Baikal-Angara
7479:
7478:
7476:
7472:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7430:
7429:(begun 1957)
7428:
7425:
7424:
7422:
7418:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7402:
7398:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7380:
7379:
7376:
7375:
7373:
7369:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7331:
7329:
7325:
7315:
7312:
7309:
7306:
7300:
7297:
7294:
7293:Koronas-Foton
7291:
7288:
7285:
7279:
7276:
7273:
7270:
7267:
7264:
7258:
7255:
7252:
7249:
7246:
7243:
7240:
7237:
7234:
7231:
7228:
7225:
7222:
7219:
7216:
7213:
7212:
7210:
7206:
7203:
7199:
7195:
7185:
7182:
7181:
7179:
7175:
7169:
7166:
7162:
7159:
7158:
7154:
7151:
7150:
7148:
7144:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7110:
7107:
7102:
7099:
7094:
7091:
7086:
7083:
7082:
7080:
7076:
7070:
7066:
7063:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7014:
7012:
7008:
7005:
7001:
6997:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6977:
6975:
6971:
6966:
6956:
6953:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6926:
6921:
6918:
6917:
6915:
6911:
6905:
6902:
6901:
6898:
6894:
6890:
6883:
6878:
6876:
6871:
6869:
6864:
6863:
6860:
6848:
6840:
6838:
6837:
6832:
6828:
6826:
6825:
6816:
6814:
6813:
6804:
6803:
6802:
6796:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6767:
6765:
6761:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6631:
6629:
6623:
6616:
6615:
6611:
6608:
6605:
6602:
6599:
6596:
6593:
6590:
6587:
6584:
6581:
6578:
6575:
6572:
6569:
6566:
6563:
6562:
6560:
6557:demonstrators
6552:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6534:
6531:
6528:
6525:
6522:
6519:
6516:
6513:
6510:
6507:
6504:
6501:
6498:
6495:
6492:
6489:
6488:
6486:
6482:
6475:
6472:
6469:
6466:
6463:
6460:
6457:
6454:
6451:
6448:
6445:
6442:
6439:
6436:
6433:
6430:
6427:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6414:
6403:
6402:
6398:
6395:
6394:
6390:
6387:
6386:
6382:
6379:
6378:
6374:
6371:
6370:
6366:
6363:
6362:
6358:
6355:
6354:
6349:
6348:
6344:
6341:
6340:
6336:
6333:
6332:
6328:
6325:
6322:
6319:
6316:
6313:
6309:
6305:
6302:
6299:
6295:
6291:
6287:
6284:
6281:
6277:
6273:
6270:
6267:
6264:
6261:
6258:
6255:
6252:
6249:
6246:
6243:
6240:
6237:
6234:
6231:
6228:
6225:
6222:
6219:
6216:
6213:
6210:
6207:
6204:
6201:
6198:
6197:
6195:
6191:
6184:
6183:
6179:
6176:
6175:
6171:
6168:
6167:
6163:
6160:
6159:
6155:
6152:
6151:
6147:
6144:
6141:
6138:
6135:
6132:
6129:
6126:
6123:
6120:
6117:
6114:
6111:
6108:
6105:
6102:
6099:
6096:
6093:
6090:
6087:
6084:
6081:
6078:
6075:
6072:
6069:
6066:
6063:
6060:
6057:
6054:
6051:
6050:
6048:
6043:Astronomy and
6040:
6033:
6032:
6028:
6025:
6024:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6011:
6008:
6007:
6003:
6000:
5997:
5994:
5991:
5988:
5987:
5982:
5979:
5978:Venus Express
5976:
5973:
5969:
5966:
5963:
5960:
5957:
5954:
5951:
5948:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5939:
5935:
5928:
5927:
5923:
5920:
5919:Solar Orbiter
5917:
5914:
5911:
5908:
5905:
5902:
5899:
5896:
5893:
5892:
5890:
5888:Solar physics
5886:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5870:
5866:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5821:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5806:
5804:
5800:
5794:
5791:
5787:
5786:Cosmic Vision
5784:
5782:
5779:
5778:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5725:
5722:
5721:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5703:
5700:
5699:
5698:
5695:
5694:
5692:
5688:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5673:
5671:
5667:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5616:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5592:
5588:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5569:
5565:
5561:
5557:
5550:
5545:
5543:
5538:
5536:
5531:
5530:
5527:
5514:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5483:
5479:
5477:
5476:
5472:
5471:
5469:
5465:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5434:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5412:Human mission
5410:
5408:
5407:Sample return
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5372:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5359:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5343:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5331:
5327:
5325:
5324:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5251:
5247:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5157:
5151:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5139:
5138:
5137:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5125:
5122:
5119:
5116:
5113:
5110:
5107:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5096:
5093:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5075:
5072:
5068:
5058:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4992:
4988:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4955:
4951:
4945:
4944:
4940:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4909:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4902:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4886:
4880:
4878:
4874:
4872:
4871:
4867:
4865:
4864:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4788:
4782:
4781:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4763:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4754:
4753:
4752:Mars Observer
4749:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4735:
4732:
4728:
4727:
4723:
4721:
4720:
4716:
4715:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4679:
4672:
4671:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4659:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4609:
4606:
4602:
4595:
4587:
4579:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4553:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4534:
4533:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4524:
4520:
4514:
4512:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4487:
4484:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4458:
4454:
4451:
4447:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4427:
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4052:
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4028:
4022:
4007:
4003:
3997:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3974:"Oxia Planum"
3969:
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3922:
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3909:
3894:
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3427:
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3402:
3398:
3391:
3376:
3372:
3366:
3351:
3350:SpaceNews Now
3347:
3340:
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3321:
3314:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3286:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3256:
3252:
3246:
3239:
3236:
3233:F. Esposito,
3230:
3222:
3221:Science Daily
3218:
3212:
3210:
3194:
3190:
3183:
3167:
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3088:
3073:
3069:
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3047:
3043:
3036:
3020:
3016:
3010:
3002:
3001:Aviation Week
2998:
2991:
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2808:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2766:
2765:Spacenews.com
2762:
2756:
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2715:
2711:
2704:
2689:
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2541:
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2522:
2515:
2508:
2497:
2491:
2483:
2482:
2481:Aviation Week
2477:
2470:
2462:
2458:
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2439:
2435:
2429:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2406:
2398:
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2384:
2380:
2374:
2367:(in Russian).
2366:
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2355:
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2337:
2333:
2326:
2318:
2314:
2307:
2299:
2295:
2288:
2272:
2268:
2267:Aviation Week
2264:
2257:
2249:
2245:
2238:
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2227:
2223:
2216:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2172:
2168:
2161:
2145:
2141:
2140:Aviation Week
2137:
2130:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2083:
2082:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2032:
2029:
2023:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1992:
1990:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1967:
1952:
1948:
1942:
1927:
1923:
1916:
1914:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1885:
1883:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1841:
1837:
1836:ALTEC website
1833:
1827:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1791:
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1371:
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1363:
1360:
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1348:
1342:
1337:
1334:
1323:
1311:
1289:
1283:
1273:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1255:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1241:Mawrth Vallis
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1226:ExoMars rover
1223:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1209:Mawrth Vallis
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1172:Mawrth Vallis
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1144:
1142:
1141:clay minerals
1138:
1129:
1125:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1073:biosignatures
1070:
1065:
1063:
1058:
1044:
1036:
1032:
1025:
1015:
1007:
1002:
1000:
994:
992:
988:
983:
979:
975:
971:
960:
948:
943:
934:
933:
928:Descent stage
925:
923:
922:star trackers
919:
907:
898:
894:
891:This section
889:
886:
882:
881:
873:
871:
867:
863:
852:
850:
844:
841:
837:
833:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
806:
801:
796:
788:
783:
780:
775:
771:
764:
749:
747:
743:
739:
734:
725:
723:
722:
719:
717:
713:
712:
708:
706:
699:
696:
691:
686:
683:
679:
678:
674:
668:
667:Proton rocket
664:
659:
654:
650:
647:
644:
643:
640:
638:
634:
630:
617:
614:
611:
607:
604:
600:
599:
598:
592:
588:
585:
582:
578:
575:
571:
567:
564:
560:
559:biosignatures
556:
555:
554:
552:
542:
539:
534:
532:
526:
524:
519:
517:
511:
507:
499:
490:
487:
483:
478:
474:
464:
462:
458:
454:
449:
447:
443:
439:
434:
432:
428:
420:
416:
413:
409:
405:
402:
401:
400:
398:
394:
390:
385:
383:
378:
376:
371:
366:
362:
360:
359:Proton rocket
356:
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
332:
330:
326:
317:
311:
306:
299:
294:
288:
283:
279:
277:
272:
269:
265:
260:
258:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
229:
227:
222:
220:
216:
214:
209:
208:
202:
200:
196:
185:
181:
180:
175:
170:
167:
163:
161:
156:
155:
150:
148:
143:
138:
136:
132:
127:
125:
121:
117:
108:
103:
98:
94:
88:
84:
79:
69:
65:
62:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
32:
27:
24:
19:
15544:
15527:Solar System
15473:Preceded by
15325:Intersputnik
15170:TÜBİTAK UZAY
14631:EUTELSAT IGO
14527:Pan-European
14488:TÜBİTAK UZAY
13947:Central Asia
13563:and pan-Arab
13438:Moon Society
13433:Mars Society
13366:Kill vehicle
13329:Space weapon
12935:Space forces
12576:Intersputnik
12342:
12212:Apollo–Soyuz
11950:space policy
11870:space policy
11825:
11806:space policy
11742:
11735:space policy
11700:space policy
11675:
11636:space policy
11619:space policy
11602:Apollo–Soyuz
11594:space policy
11567:Moon landing
11559:space policy
11539:space policy
11502:space policy
11455:
11433:space policy
11391:space policy
11365:
11327:Project Juno
10965:
10953:
10923:
10916:
10904:
10898:
10877:
10870:
10845:
10670:(1960–1975)
10439:Space policy
10376:UFO religion
10321:Extremophile
10301:Biosignature
10296:Astroecology
10291:Astrobiology
10243:Great Filter
10058:Project Ozma
9966:Interstellar
9953:
9946:
9924:
9912:Perseverance
9911:
9903:
9833:
9827:
9820:
9803:
9796:
9789:
9691:Earth analog
9673:habitability
9656:Life on Mars
9399:
9387:
9296:and programs
9294:Institutions
9112:
9106:
9094:
9072:Heliocentric
9060:
9048:
9016:
9003:
8995:Perseverance
8994:
8979:
8783:Earth analog
8770:habitability
8738:Ocean planet
8708:Earth analog
8693:Biosignature
8652:Paleontology
8647:Microbiology
8627:Biochemistry
8617:Astrophysics
8598:Astrobiology
8509:
8491:
8483:
8457:
8450:
8443:
8409:
8392:
8385:
8359:
8342:
8327:Schiaparelli
8325:
8322:
8315:
8307:
8301:
8284:
8277:
8268:Chang'e 5-T1
8260:
8243:
8221:
8209:
8198:
8160:
8143:
8131:
8119:
8107:
8095:
8088:
8081:
8071:Deep Space 1
8069:
8028:
8021:
7995:New Horizons
7993:
7986:
7975:
7945:
7931:
7917:
7903:
7884:Perseverance
7883:
7870:
7863:
7842:
7837:Mars Express
7835:
7827:
7759:
7687:space probes
7621:
7613:
7399:
7343:
7251:Vega program
7239:Zond program
7088:(Moon flyby)
7085:Zond (7K-L1)
7044:Soyuz-Apollo
6937:Kapustin Yar
6913:Launch sites
6834:
6823:
6810:
6800:
6709:Lunar Lander
6627:and proposed
6612:
6399:
6391:
6383:
6375:
6367:
6359:
6351:
6345:
6337:
6329:
6180:
6172:
6164:
6156:
6148:
6029:
6021:
6013:
6004:
5985:
5962:Mars Express
5924:
5802:Predecessors
5781:Horizon 2000
5755:
5498:Mars Society
5480:
5473:
5427:Terraforming
5422:Colonization
5348:Voyager Mars
5340:
5328:
5321:
5147:
5127:
5098:
5085:Mangalyaan-2
5084:
5003:Mars 1M No.1
4962:
4942:
4926:
4912:
4900:
4876:
4869:
4863:Schiaparelli
4862:
4854:
4844:Deep Space 2
4833:
4826:
4819:
4779:
4771:
4764:
4757:
4750:
4724:
4717:
4669:
4656:
4649:
4551:Perseverance
4550:
4531:
4510:
4503:
4478:
4473:Mars Express
4471:
4464:
4371:
4358:
4291:MicrOmega-IR
4241:
4234:
4155:Schiaparelli
4153:
4140:ExoMars 2016
4131:
4082:
4034:. Retrieved
4030:
4021:
4009:. Retrieved
4005:
3996:
3984:. Retrieved
3977:
3968:
3956:. Retrieved
3952:the original
3945:
3936:
3924:. Retrieved
3918:
3908:
3896:. Retrieved
3890:
3880:
3868:. Retrieved
3863:
3854:
3842:. Retrieved
3837:
3828:
3814:
3805:
3784:The Guardian
3783:
3758:the original
3753:
3743:
3729:
3721:the original
3711:
3699:. Retrieved
3695:the original
3685:
3674:the original
3665:
3658:
3650:the original
3640:
3631:
3621:
3609:. Retrieved
3604:
3595:
3583:. Retrieved
3579:the original
3568:
3556:. Retrieved
3552:
3543:
3531:. Retrieved
3526:
3517:
3505:. Retrieved
3500:
3491:
3479:. Retrieved
3475:
3466:
3454:. Retrieved
3450:
3441:
3429:. Retrieved
3425:
3416:
3404:. Retrieved
3400:
3390:
3378:. Retrieved
3374:
3365:
3353:. Retrieved
3349:
3339:
3327:. Retrieved
3323:
3313:
3301:. Retrieved
3294:
3285:
3276:
3263:
3254:
3245:
3234:
3229:
3220:
3196:. Retrieved
3192:
3182:
3170:. Retrieved
3165:
3142:
3132:
3123:
3114:
3103:the original
3094:
3087:
3075:. Retrieved
3071:
3061:
3051:21 September
3049:. Retrieved
3045:
3035:
3023:. Retrieved
3018:
3009:
3000:
2990:
2978:. Retrieved
2974:the original
2964:
2952:. Retrieved
2943:
2934:
2922:. Retrieved
2900:
2873:. Retrieved
2868:
2859:
2847:. Retrieved
2842:
2833:
2821:. Retrieved
2817:
2807:
2795:. Retrieved
2790:
2781:
2769:. Retrieved
2764:
2755:
2743:. Retrieved
2738:
2729:
2717:. Retrieved
2714:The Register
2713:
2703:
2691:. Retrieved
2687:
2677:
2665:. Retrieved
2661:the original
2651:
2639:. Retrieved
2633:
2623:
2611:. Retrieved
2607:the original
2600:
2590:
2581:
2552:. Retrieved
2548:the original
2543:
2533:
2524:
2514:
2506:
2499:. Retrieved
2490:
2479:
2469:
2460:
2450:
2442:the original
2437:
2428:
2420:the original
2415:
2405:
2391:
2382:
2373:
2364:
2339:. Retrieved
2325:
2319:. Space.com.
2316:
2306:
2297:
2287:
2275:. Retrieved
2271:the original
2266:
2256:
2247:
2225:
2215:
2206:
2197:
2188:
2179:
2170:
2160:
2148:. Retrieved
2144:the original
2129:
2121:the original
2116:
2107:
2099:the original
2089:
2080:
2058:. Retrieved
2054:the original
2030:
2022:
2010:. Retrieved
2006:the original
2001:
1980:
1976:
1966:
1954:. Retrieved
1950:
1941:
1929:. Retrieved
1925:
1900:. Retrieved
1894:
1869:. Retrieved
1865:
1856:
1844:. Retrieved
1840:the original
1835:
1826:
1818:the original
1813:
1789:
1756:. Retrieved
1754:. 2 May 2016
1725:. Retrieved
1719:
1709:
1697:. Retrieved
1693:the original
1684:
1674:
1662:. Retrieved
1658:
1633:. Retrieved
1629:
1607:
1585:
1555:. Retrieved
1549:
1539:
1527:. Retrieved
1522:
1513:
1470:
1467:Astrobiology
1466:
1456:
1446:12 September
1444:. Retrieved
1440:
1430:
1373:Life on Mars
1356:Astrobiology
1263:
1251:
1230:
1219:
1192:
1182:Simud Valles
1145:
1133:
1092:MicrOmega-IR
1083:
1081:
1069:biomolecules
1066:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1005:
998:
995:
981:
977:
973:
969:
967:
954:
946:
914:
901:
897:adding to it
892:
876:Cruise stage
858:
848:
845:
813:Schiaparelli
812:
810:
805:Schiaparelli
804:
787:Schiaparelli
786:
778:
766:
730:
716:Schiaparelli
715:
704:
672:
626:
596:
563:Martian life
548:
535:
527:
520:
512:
508:
504:
486:Schiaparelli
485:
473:Schiaparelli
472:
470:
450:
435:
424:
386:
379:
367:
363:
348:
333:
322:
276:EADS Astrium
273:
261:
249:
235:
223:
212:
205:
203:
195:Schiaparelli
194:
179:Schiaparelli
178:
171:
159:
152:
147:Schiaparelli
146:
139:
131:life on Mars
128:
120:astrobiology
115:
114:
106:
49:Mission type
37:Schiaparelli
36:
22:
18:
15539:Spaceflight
15475:Interkosmos
15449:Interkosmos
14555:Eurocontrol
14205:Antrix Corp
13561:Pan-African
13101:North Korea
13089:New Zealand
13077:Netherlands
12882:Space trade
12662:Moon Treaty
12321:(2013–2015)
12231:(1986–2001)
12208:(1974–1993)
12202:(1973–1977)
12196:(1971–1986)
12190:(1967–1991)
12188:Interkosmos
12167:(1964–1966)
12161:(1961–1976)
12155:(1960–1982)
12149:(1960–1963)
11688:Ride Report
11485:Missile gap
11357:(2018–2020)
11335:(2009–2010)
11312:(1964–1971)
11162:Eurocontrol
11056:(1992–2002)
10980:(2015–2025)
10967:BepiColombo
10814:Space Rider
10745:(1983–2010)
10684:(1964–1975)
10676:(1962–1973)
10598:Project 921
10581:(1966–1972)
10575:(1966–1976)
10508:Space races
10311:Exotheology
10123:Grey aliens
9976:Active SETI
9904:Opportunity
9784:BioSentinel
9602:Wow! signal
9551:KIC 8462852
9500:CI1 fossils
9229:undeveloped
9079:BioSentinel
8969:Fobos-Grunt
8866:Earth orbit
8688:Biomolecule
8678:Abiogenesis
8671:Main topics
8605:Disciplines
8400:Longjiang-2
8386:Opportunity
8367:Longjiang-1
8245:Deep Impact
7905:BepiColombo
7310:(2011–2019)
7299:Fobos-Grunt
7289:(2006-2016)
7274:(1990-1992)
7268:(1989-1998)
7262:(1988-1989)
7253:(1984-1987)
7247:(1983-1991)
7241:(1964–1970)
7235:(1961–1985)
7229:(1958–1976)
7223:(1972–1996)
7217:(1961–1982)
7057:Shuttle–Mir
6932:Dombarovsky
6847:WikiProject
6719:MarcoPolo-R
6669:Don Quijote
6639:Ariane 5 ME
6603:(2015–2017)
6533:Galileo FOC
6527:Galileo IOV
6499:(1989–1993)
6438:Jules Verne
6419:spaceflight
6250:(2009–2013)
6238:(2003–2007)
6236:Double Star
6232:(2002–2012)
6220:(1995–2011)
6214:(1991–2000)
6208:(1977–1997)
6121:(2009–2013)
6115:(2009–2013)
6091:(1995–1998)
6073:(1989–1993)
6067:(1983–1986)
6061:(1978–1996)
6055:(1975–1982)
5993:BepiColombo
5980:(2005–2014)
5974:(2004–2016)
5958:(2003–2006)
5952:(1997–2005)
5946:(1985–1992)
5915:(2000–2024)
5903:(1990–2009)
5897:(1977–1987)
5830:Arianespace
5362:Exploration
5211:MELOS rover
5114:(mid 2020s)
5053:Fobos-Grunt
4927:Opportunity
4341:Oxia Planum
4331:MAX-C rover
4254:Instruments
4246:(cancelled)
4220:2028 launch
4170:Instruments
4031:www.esa.int
4006:www.esa.int
3611:21 February
3605:www.esa.int
3585:28 November
3558:28 November
3507:30 November
3426:www.esa.int
3375:www.esa.int
3355:28 February
2849:28 February
2383:RIA Novosti
2012:15 February
1866:www.esa.int
1846:18 February
1685:Excite News
1254:Oxia Planum
1246:Oxia Planum
1222:Oxia Planum
1214:Oxia Planum
1199:Aram Dorsum
1177:Oxia Planum
1157:Aram Dorsum
1128:Oxia Planum
918:Sun sensors
608:to exploit
574:geochemical
533:, or MOMA.
463:in Canada.
438:Fobos-Grunt
412:Fobos-Grunt
355:Fobos-Grunt
287:MAX-C rover
285:Concept of
15551:Categories
15461:See also:
14174:South Asia
13778:USSPACECOM
13386:Spaceplane
12127:Khrushchev
11676:Challenger
11431:Eisenhower
10892:Cluster II
10489:Spaceguard
10479:Prediction
10346:Noogenesis
10326:Hemolithin
10204:Panspermia
10152:Hypotheses
10128:Insectoids
10093:Water hole
9594:SHGb02+14a
9567:VVV-WIT-07
9276:Red Dragon
9056:OSIRIS-REx
9040:Comets and
8743:Panspermia
8512:helicopter
8451:Mangalyaan
8083:Pioneer 10
8001:OSIRIS-REx
7982:MINERVA-II
7637:See also:
7491:Mars-Grunt
7453:Sputnik 99
7448:Sputnik 41
7104:(moonbase)
6925:Kazakhstan
6734:Phootprint
6714:Marco Polo
6555:Technology
6385:MetOp-SG-B
6377:MetOp-SG-A
6353:Sentinel-4
6324:ADM-Aeolus
6304:Sentinel-3
6286:Sentinel-2
6272:Sentinel-1
6200:Copernicus
6095:XMM-Newton
5913:Cluster II
5719:Copernicus
5690:Programmes
5618:Facilities
5568:Spaceports
5436:Strategies
5330:Red Dragon
5292:Mars-Aster
5236:Sky-Sailor
5231:Phootprint
5201:Mars-Grunt
5018:2MV-3 No.1
5013:2MV-4 No.1
4965:helicopter
4780:Mangalyaan
4227:Spacecraft
4147:Spacecraft
3986:17 January
3926:22 October
3898:22 October
3481:15 January
3456:15 January
3431:15 January
3198:20 October
3077:5 December
3072:Space News
3025:22 October
2797:24 January
2745:16 January
2635:Livestream
2554:26 January
2461:Space News
2438:Space News
2416:Space News
2336:Space News
2226:Space News
2150:23 October
2117:Space News
2060:29 October
1977:C Net News
1956:22 October
1814:Space News
1664:21 October
1557:19 October
1423:References
1094:, and the
1077:core drill
1055:ExoMars's
957:April 2023
789:EDM lander
733:sterilised
718:EDM lander
702:ExoMars's
665:Launch by
662:Roscosmos
551:scientific
477:Livestream
149:EDM lander
15597:Roscosmos
15503:Astronomy
15129:Roscosmos
15117:KazCosmos
15081:ArmCosmos
14782:DTU Space
14744:BIRA-IASB
14691:EU SatCen
14450:KACST-SRI
14347:ArmCosmos
14333:West Asia
14006:East Asia
13973:Roscosmos
13961:KazCosmos
13931:Pan-Asian
13195:Structure
12947:Australia
12606:Space law
12469:UN-SPIDER
12244:Roscosmos
12222:Gorbachev
11155:Eurospace
10591:2007 test
10538:Mars race
10484:Avoidance
10216:solutions
10083:setiQuest
10078:SETI@home
9893:Mars 2020
9868:Laplace-P
9805:Dragonfly
9790:Curiosity
9671:Planetary
9193:Laplace-P
9096:Dragonfly
9050:Hayabusa2
9042:asteroids
9011:Tianwen-1
8989:Mars 2020
8980:Curiosity
8913:Eu:CROPIS
8768:Planetary
8510:Ingenuity
8433:Chang'e 5
8394:Beresheet
8279:MESSENGER
8156:Chang'e 1
8030:Voyager 2
8023:Voyager 1
7977:Hayabusa2
7971:Chang'e 2
7878:Mars 2020
7872:Tianwen-1
7864:Curiosity
7798:Chang'e 6
7788:Queqiao 2
7768:Chang'e 5
7755:Chang'e 4
7750:Chang'e 3
7496:Mercury-P
7486:Laplace-P
7443:Sputnik 3
7438:Sputnik 2
7433:Sputnik 1
7407:Spektr-UV
7378:Luna-Glob
7362:Spektr-RG
7339:Elektro–L
7078:Cancelled
6950:(defunct)
6904:Roscosmos
6775:CryoSat-1
6749:STE-QUEST
6684:Eddington
6674:e.Deorbit
6625:Cancelled
6497:Olympus-1
6339:EarthCARE
6260:CryoSat-2
6109:(2006–13)
6085:(1992–93)
6071:Hipparcos
6045:cosmology
5503:Mars race
5317:NetLander
5277:Marsokhod
5255:proposals
5253:Cancelled
5057:Yinghuo-1
5038:Mariner 8
5033:2M No.522
5023:Mariner 3
4975:Mars 2020
4963:Ingenuity
4901:Sojourner
4877:Tianwen-1
4698:Mariner 9
4625:Mariner 4
4557:Mars 2020
4532:Curiosity
4511:Tianwen-1
4134:programme
3870:1 October
3844:1 October
3406:30 August
3401:SpaceNews
3329:5 October
3303:5 October
3172:1 October
2919:258518639
2869:SpaceNews
2791:Space.com
2207:Red Orbit
1947:"ExoMars"
1926:SpaceNews
1896:SpaceNews
1721:Space.com
1385:Tianwen-1
1379:Mars 2020
974:Kazachok,
904:June 2023
821:Roscosmos
639:rockets.
633:Roscosmos
310:MAKS-2021
15354:UNCOPUOS
14665:DG DEFIS
14626:EUMETSAT
13678:Americas
13584:National
13149:Thailand
13113:Pakistan
12995:Colombia
12291:Medvedev
12280:Politics
12266:(1993–)
12175:Brezhnev
11918:Title 51
11828:disaster
11826:Columbia
11770:Politics
11678:disaster
11084:(2021–)
11002:EnVision
10947:Politics
10918:Herschel
10912:INTEGRAL
10690:(1975–)
10616:Tiangong
10606:Shenzhou
10600:(1992–)
10587:(1964–)
10526:Timeline
10068:SERENDIP
10043:NIROSETI
9955:Viking 2
9948:Viking 1
9853:Foton-M3
9843:ExoLance
9774:Beagle 2
9389:Category
9251:Kazachok
9241:Beagle 3
9173:ExoLance
9126:Proposed
8964:Beagle 2
8938:OREOcube
8918:EXOSTACK
8859:missions
8223:Stardust
8200:Hayabusa
7919:Akatsuki
7740:CAPSTONE
7511:Venera-D
7506:Spektr-M
7474:Concepts
7401:Kazachok
7357:Resurs-P
7352:Meteor-M
7317:(failed)
7308:Spektr-R
7302:(failed)
7281:(failed)
7260:(failed)
7201:programs
7003:programs
6836:Wikinews
6812:Category
6432:Columbus
6356:) (2024)
6166:ARRAKIHS
6119:Herschel
6101:INTEGRAL
6031:EnVision
5984:ExoMars
5840:EUMETSAT
5731:Columbus
5724:Sentinel
5604:Ariane 6
5599:Ariane 5
5467:Advocacy
5402:Aircraft
5370:Concepts
5302:Mars One
5272:Beagle 3
5159:Proposed
5149:Kazachok
5132:) (2028)
5106:EscaPADE
4996:launches
4954:Aircraft
4933:timeline
4919:timeline
4861:ExoMars
4849:Beagle 2
4827:Viking 2
4820:Viking 1
4744:Phobos 2
4739:Phobos 1
4726:Viking 2
4719:Viking 1
4681:Orbiters
4562:timeline
4543:timeline
4486:timeline
4457:Orbiters
4360:Category
4261:ADRON-RM
4243:Kazachok
3958:31 March
3892:BBC News
3806:BBC News
3632:BBC News
3380:23 April
2948:Archived
2823:12 March
2818:BBC News
2771:15 March
2719:26 March
2693:25 March
2667:15 March
2641:10 March
2613:10 March
2501:18 April
2277:25 March
2248:BBC News
2171:BBC News
1931:11 April
1871:17 March
1790:BBC News
1727:21 March
1699:29 March
1635:14 March
1608:BBC News
1604:"Europe"
1529:16 March
1505:31067287
1362:Beagle 2
1319:See also
1274:on Earth
1139:such as
1113:ADRON-RM
1090:(MOMA),
1033:2006 in
999:Kazachok
982:Kazachok
673:Kazachok
605:on Mars.
603:payloads
561:of past
442:Mars-NET
259:rocket.
207:Kazachok
154:Kazachok
78:/exomars
57:Operator
15557:ExoMars
15515:Biology
15489:Portals
15315:ISS MCB
15209:Oceania
14984:PTSPACE
14950:CBK PAN
14612:ESTRACK
14538:CENELEC
14241:SUPARCO
14188:SPARRSO
14025:SASTIND
13742:FAA/AST
13575:Arabsat
13209:Vietnam
13190:History
13019:Germany
12343:ExoMars
12252:Yeltsin
12184:(1967–)
12112:(1946)
12095:program
12033:FAA/AST
11733:Clinton
11537:Johnson
11500:Kennedy
11441:WS-117L
11288:British
11062:(2002–)
10906:Rosetta
10887:Cluster
10879:Huygens
10846:ExoMars
10785:(1998–)
10779:(1973–)
10751:(2005–)
10644:(2016–)
10633:(2003–)
10619:program
10609:program
10563:Chinese
10543:Records
9932:Tanpopo
9828:ExoMars
9532:CTA-102
9524:CP 1919
9401:Commons
9218:Trident
9208:Oceanus
9107:ExoMars
9088:Planned
9062:Rosetta
9017:Zhurong
9005:Phoenix
8943:Tanpopo
8933:O/OREOS
8878:BIOCORE
8492:Zhurong
8484:Pragyan
8474:Luna 25
8458:InSight
8410:Pragyan
8344:Cassini
8323:ExoMars
8303:Rosetta
8286:PROCYON
8162:Ulysses
8145:Phoenix
8121:Huygens
8109:Genesis
8090:Galileo
7952:Jupiter
7939:Jupiter
7911:Mercury
7828:ExoMars
7803:ICUBE-Q
7783:Queqiao
7735:ARTEMIS
7541:Related
7393:Luna 28
7388:Luna 27
7383:Luna 26
7347:(joint)
7344:ExoMars
7314:Luna 25
7278:Mars 96
7221:Prognoz
7198:Robotic
7156:(joint)
7065:Energia
7060:(joint)
7047:(joint)
7022:Voskhod
6824:Commons
6801:italics
6770:Cluster
6754:THESEUS
6739:SOLARIS
6614:PROBA-3
6607:OPS-SAT
6589:PROBA-V
6583:PROBA-2
6571:PROBA-1
6521:HYLAS-1
6515:GIOVE-B
6509:GIOVE-A
6503:Artemis
6331:Biomass
6230:Envisat
6169:(2030s)
5968:Rosetta
5956:SMART-1
5950:Huygens
5901:Ulysses
5881:Science
5756:ExoMars
5746:GALILEO
5736:CryoSat
5697:Artemis
5676:ESTRACK
5581:Esrange
5387:Landing
5382:Orbiter
5171:DePhine
5124:ExoMars
5077:Planned
5048:Mars 96
5008:1M No.2
4970:flights
4943:Zhurong
4870:InSight
4855:Phoenix
4791:Landers
4651:Rosetta
4513:orbiter
4372:Commons
4324:Related
4286:MA-MISS
4182:Electra
4132:ExoMars
4036:25 July
4011:25 July
3235:et al.,
3019:Pys Org
2980:26 July
2954:26 June
1689:AP News
1496:5685153
1475:Bibcode
947:updated
779:Electra
448:(TGO).
336:Atlas V
238:ExoMars
232:History
184:methane
126:(ESA).
116:ExoMars
107:ExoMars
67:Website
23:ExoMars
15375:Former
15366:UNOOSA
15268:COSPAR
14739:BELSPO
14520:Europe
14312:GISTDA
14288:PhilSA
14153:SaTReC
14055:PLAASF
13723:NESDIS
13653:NASRDA
13570:RASCOM
13554:Africa
13349:Russia
13278:
13233:France
13161:Turkey
13125:Russia
13053:Israel
13007:France
12971:Canada
12959:Brazil
12821:Russia
12705:(2020)
12699:(2012)
12693:(1999)
12682:(1998)
12676:(1988)
12670:(1981)
12664:(1979)
12658:(1976)
12652:(1975)
12646:(1974)
12640:(1972)
12634:(1972)
12628:(1968)
12622:(1967)
12616:(1963)
12214:(1975)
12141:(1957)
12103:Stalin
12091:Soviet
12016:NESDIS
11634:Reagan
11617:Carter
11582:Skylab
11389:Truman
11341:(2010)
11329:(1991)
11318:(1985)
11306:(1962)
11300:(1958)
11017:ATHENA
11007:CHEOPS
10992:Euclid
10925:Planck
10899:Newton
10336:MERMOZ
9925:Spirit
9848:EXPOSE
9798:Darwin
9756:Tholin
9502:(2011)
9496:(2000)
9490:(1984)
9484:(1977)
9478:(1976)
9472:(1969)
9466:(1911)
9460:(1865)
9350:MERMOZ
9143:CAESAR
9031:Viking
8948:VEGGIE
8923:EXPOSE
8903:E-MIST
8893:BIOPAN
8883:Biolab
8843:Tholin
8355:MASCOT
8309:Philae
8292:IKAROS
8210:Spirit
8178:LCROSS
8173:SELENE
8097:Nozomi
8006:Psyche
7773:Danuri
7760:Yutu-2
7334:Bion-M
7327:Active
7319:(2023)
7304:(2011)
7295:(2009)
7283:(1996)
7266:Granat
7245:Astron
7233:Venera
7146:Active
7137:Kliper
7122:Zvezda
7117:Spiral
7101:Zvezda
7027:Salyut
7017:Vostok
6985:Proton
6980:Angara
6889:Soviet
6780:GEOS 1
6763:Failed
6729:ODINUS
6699:Hopper
6694:Hermes
6689:EXPERT
6617:(2024)
6597:(2015)
6579:(2007)
6567:(1998)
6493:(1978)
6491:GEOS 2
6476:(2021)
6470:(2014)
6464:(2013)
6458:(2012)
6452:(2011)
6444:Cupola
6440:(2008)
6404:(2027)
6396:(2025)
6388:(2025)
6380:(2025)
6372:(2025)
6364:(2025)
6361:ALTIUS
6342:(2024)
6334:(2024)
6185:(2035)
6177:(2035)
6174:Athena
6161:(2029)
6153:(2026)
6143:Euclid
6131:CHEOPS
6113:Planck
6083:Eureca
6065:EXOSAT
6034:(2031)
6026:(2029)
6018:(2028)
6009:(2024)
6001:(2023)
5972:Philae
5944:Giotto
5929:(2031)
5895:ISEE-2
5709:Aurora
5216:MetNet
5120:(2026)
5108:(2024)
5088:(2024)
5070:Future
4994:Failed
4913:Spirit
4895:PrOP-M
4888:Rovers
4879:lander
4814:Mars 7
4809:Mars 6
4804:Mars 3
4799:Mars 2
4766:Nozomi
4708:Mars 5
4703:Mars 4
4693:Mars 3
4688:Mars 2
4670:Psyche
4645:Mars 7
4640:Mars 6
4630:Zond 2
4620:Mars 1
4612:Flybys
4523:Rovers
4449:Active
4311:WISDOM
4301:PanCam
3168:. 2013
2917:
2365:Gazeta
2341:14 May
2317:Nature
1525:. 2015
1503:
1493:
1259:HiRISE
1035:Berlin
972:built
849:DREAMS
637:Proton
482:Briz-M
397:Briz-M
257:Fregat
15425:NASDA
15342:ITU-R
15330:ODCWG
15310:ISECG
15300:ICSMD
15258:CCSDS
15251:World
15228:CSIRO
15067:Other
14960:KRRiT
14945:POLSA
14715:BEREC
14677:EUSPA
14597:ECSAT
14592:ESRIN
14582:ESTEC
14506:MBRSC
14502:UAESA
14395:NEHSA
14383:IRIAF
14264:LAPAN
14060:CASIC
14049:CGWIC
13938:APSCO
13839:CONAE
13665:SANSA
13641:GSSTC
13629:ESSTI
13615:NARSS
13344:India
13339:China
13280:NORAD
13257:Italy
13245:India
13137:Spain
13065:Japan
13030:Iran
12983:China
12809:India
12459:ITU-R
12334:Mars
12312:Putin
12200:Almaz
12093:space
11948:Trump
11868:Obama
11557:Nixon
11032:SMILE
11012:JUICE
10997:ARIEL
10809:PRIDE
9927:rover
9914:rover
9906:rover
9836:rover
9792:rover
9587:Other
9544:Stars
9266:MELOS
9138:BRUIE
9115:rover
9019:rover
8997:rover
8982:rover
8857:Space
8500:2024
8494:rover
8486:rover
8465:2023
8439:2022
8429:2020
8423:2020s
8412:rover
8388:rover
8377:MarCO
8373:2019
8351:2018
8334:2017
8318:rover
8298:2016
8274:2015
8256:LADEE
8252:2014
8240:2013
8234:GRAIL
8230:2012
8218:2011
8212:rover
8195:2010
8189:2010s
8152:2009
8140:2008
8128:2006
8116:2005
8104:2004
8078:2003
8061:2001
8055:2000s
7947:Juice
7925:Venus
7886:rover
7866:rover
7850:MAVEN
7762:rover
7570:Laika
7516:Sfera
7501:OPSEK
7272:Gamma
7168:Soyuz
7127:Zarya
7069:Buran
7032:Almaz
6990:Soyuz
6744:SPICA
6539:EGNOS
6401:FORUM
6393:SMILE
6266:Swarm
6242:MetOp
6218:ERS-2
6212:ERS-1
6158:ARIEL
6150:PLATO
6107:CoRoT
6053:Cos-B
6016:rover
5926:Vigil
5850:GEWEX
5793:Pride
5751:ELIPS
5741:EGNOS
5397:Rover
5377:Flyby
5342:Vesta
5226:PADME
4493:MAVEN
4271:HABIT
4266:CLUPI
4237:rover
4192:NOMAD
4187:FREND
3701:8 May
3677:(PDF)
3670:(PDF)
3533:9 May
3273:(PDF)
3106:(PDF)
3099:(PDF)
2924:9 May
2915:S2CID
2875:2 May
1902:5 May
1758:2 May
1008:rover
832:image
774:rover
707:rover
570:water
395:with
370:MAX-C
344:MAX-C
254:Soyuz
248:as a
219:ALTEC
215:rover
162:rover
81:(ESA)
15401:KCST
15389:BNSC
15320:ITSO
15305:IMSO
15295:IADC
15273:IPDA
15263:CEOS
15242:NZSA
15196:UKSA
15184:SSAU
15139:VVKO
15093:MAKA
15058:SNSA
15008:INTA
14996:ROSA
14933:NOSA
14909:SRON
14806:CNES
14758:SRTI
14703:EASA
14648:and
14607:ESOC
14602:ESAC
14577:ECSS
14560:ECAC
14548:ETSI
14543:CEPT
14469:GORS
14431:NCSR
14412:ISRC
14371:NSSA
14359:MAKA
14324:VNSC
14300:SSTL
14276:MYSA
14215:NRSC
14200:ISRO
14165:TASA
14139:KASI
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