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of captive-bred animals to reduce pressures on wild populations, thus helping to conserve them in their natural environments. REXANO also argues that close personal contact with wild animals can help promote their conservation among people, and because of this, venues such as circuses, fairs and private zoos are good for both people and wildlife. There are also private zoo owners who claim that their zoos also serve as animal rescue sanctuaries. However, there are other people who claim that private zoos do more harm than good to wild animal populations.
906:. As with exotic pets in general, laws about private zoos varies by country, state, county and/or territory. A private zoo can range in size from a few acres to hundreds of acres and can have as many as a few to hundreds of exotic animals. Which people are allowed to view and/or interact with the animals depends on the owner. Because it usually requires a great deal of financial support for displaying exotic animals which are uncommon, difficult to acquire, and expensive to maintain in a living and active state, private zoos are at times seen as a
1620:. Hedgehogs can eat fruits and vegetables but only in moderation. Despite their small size Hedgehogs require a large cage with bedding and plenty of furniture to hide in and explore. Hedgehogs have a gestation period of about 35 days, and give birth to, on average, 4 deaf and blind young hoglets. At three to five weeks old the young leave the nest for the first time to go hunting on their own. Usually, there is no need for special treatment and care and the hoglets are mature enough to eat some solid material after two to three weeks.
1589:. Hedgehogs typically take refuge in the empty burrow of another small animal, or a burrow they dug themselves. However, hedgehogs can occasionally take refuge under rocks or in thick vegetation, or anywhere dark and secluded. Hedgehogs tend to be solitary, though not to the extent of hamsters. Some captive bred females crave the companionship of another hedgehog and occasionally show bonding tendencies when housed with another female; male hedgehogs should not be housed together as they will fight once they reach sexual maturity.
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1014:) have been established to combat the illegal sale and transport of vulnerable animals and plants, but failure to properly enforce these regulations leave many loopholes for the illegal trade to continue. For example, the United States has both signed CITES during its creation as well as created its own national laws against the import and sale of elephant ivory, but as of 2008 it was found to be the second largest importer of it behind China.
83:
1413:. Like many other "pocket pets", ferrets are social animals and thrive in groups of two or three. A ferret kept on its own will require more attention from its owner than a ferret who has the constant company of his own species. Female ferrets reach sexual maturity at around 8 –12 months of age. A ferret gives birth to an average of 8 kits; gestation lasts about 41 days.
157:"Exotic" often refers to a species which is not native or indigenous to the owner's locale, and "pet" is a companion animal living with people. However, many use the term to include native species as well (e.g., snakes may sometimes be considered exotic as pets even in places where they are found in the wild). The international organization the
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continues to prosper and some people keep chimpanzees as pets mistakenly believing that they will bond with them for life. As they grow, so do their strength and aggression; some owners and others interacting with the animals have lost fingers and suffered severe facial damage among other injuries sustained in attacks.
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Social media has influenced the increase of exotic animals being traded. Many videos online depict exotic animals being kept in a domestic environment, influencing more people to consider adopting exotic pets. However, these videos are mostly distorted and do not acknowledge the several negative side
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According to some advocacy groups such as REXANO (Responsible Exotic Animal
Ownership) the ownership of exotic pets and private zoos can be both ethical and beneficial to wildlife. REXANO claims that captive breeding of exotic pets in zoos has saved many animals from extinction by providing a supply
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Zoonotic disease is known to occur in a small number of exotic pets. The
American Veterinary Medical Association, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the National Animal Control Association, the American Zoo and Aquarium Association and the CDC all discourage the private ownership of certain exotic
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are still available for purchase in the US, although due to captive breeding, this does not affect wild populations. For example, chimpanzees are popular in some areas despite their strength, aggression, and wild nature. Even in areas where keeping primates as pets is illegal, the exotic pet trade
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With the advent of open water sailing in the 15th century and increase in exotic pet popularity in the 20th century US, the exotic pet trade grew to higher amounts than ever before. This came at the detriment of driving the destruction and extinction of animals in the wild. This continues to hold
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and chemical odors and commonly live in trees. Male gliders become mature at 4–12 weeks and female gliders mature at 8–12 weeks. Breeding takes place in June to
November and the glider gives birth to one child, or joey, although having twins is possible. The joey spends 2 months in the pouch only
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Even if they are bred for the pet trade and raised by humans, they may be unpredictable, relatively resistant to training; in some cases, especially as full-grown adults, they can be dangerous. Injuries to humans may be relatively common, but reported yearly deaths due to exotic pet ownership are
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In 2003, the US Captive Wild Animal Safety Act (CWASA) became law, and in
September 2007 the US Fish and Wildlife Service enacted rules to enforce it. The law bans the sale or transport of big cats across state lines for the pet trade, and applies to cheetahs, cougars, jaguars, leopards, clouded
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are common ingredients in ferret food, it is best to avoid foods that include grain or corn. Domestic ferrets live in cages, but should be let out for several hours each day. Domestic ferrets enjoy having many places to hide and explore, such as tunnels and closed hammocks. Some ferrets may also
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While there are many ways that live animals are smuggled across borders, there are often heavy losses due to the methods of transportation; many species of small animals can be piled into tiny, and usually airtight, containers and often die as a result. In one example of smuggling,
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Many professionals, including veterinarians, zoologists, humane societies and others, strongly discourage the keeping of primates as pets, as their complex emotional and social needs and other highly specialized requirements may be difficult to meet by the average owner.
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rare. Statistics compiled by an advocacy organization indicate a yearly average of less than 3.5 fatalities per year in the United States; and another lists 87 exotic animal incidents resulting in human death from June 20, 1990, to April 15, 2016.
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In the UK, voluntary organizations such as the "NCRW" (National Centre for
Reptile Welfare) and "SEEPR" (South East Exotic Pet Rescue) take in unwanted, ill, or lost exotic animals and nurse them back to full health before rehoming them.
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However, captive care and husbandry information for many commonly kept amphibians, reptiles, birds, and small exotic mammals are widely available through literature, animal enthusiast groups, and
Internet websites and discussion forums.
1174:. Research workers have died from this disease contracted from non-human primate research subjects. Additionally, there is considerable risk to the non-human primate pet through transmission of human disease. One such example is
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as to no longer be considered exotic in general usage, though they may still be classed as exotic in veterinary practice. Sometimes any unique or wild-looking pet (including common domestic animals such as the
960:, moderates the trade of some exotic pets around the world, to prevent any threats to their survival and ecological damage. Certain animals may be strictly regulated or restricted outright due to both their
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The centipede genus
Arthrorhabdus Pocock, 1891, in the Western hemisphere: Potential occurrence of A-pygmaeus (Pocock, 1895) in Belize (Scolopendromorpha : Scolopendridae : Scolopendrinae
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prohibited their import into the US for use as pets. The breeding industry uses descendants of animals imported before 1975. Non-human primates of various species, including those listed as
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are not considered exotic. Small non-mammalian animals such as reptiles, birds, fish, and amphibians—e.g. lizards, snakes, turtles, goldfish, canaries, frogs and axolotls—are kept as pets.
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means "any animal that has commonly been kept as a pet in family households in the U.S., such as dogs, cats, guinea pigs, rabbits, and hamsters", and further says that (emphasis added) "
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trafficked from
Indonesia have their teeth removed prior to being sold locally, or exported to Japan or Russia. The animals are not given any pain relievers during their surgeries.
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animals that are kept in captivity at home and are considered a little or extremely "exotic". Where examples are provided within a category, the examples are the animals that are
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for the pet trade, but animals bred in captivity exist in the trade, using animals descended from those brought in legally before the ban was enacted. As of
September 2014, most
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adequate housing may be difficult and/or expensive to procure or build. This is usually only a problem for large and/or highly active animals that need a large amount of space.
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have strict regulations to protect their native environments and agricultural operations. Ferrets, sugar gliders, and hedgehogs have various prohibitions on their ownership.
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Exotic animals retain their unpredictable wild nature, with some being physically capable of maiming or killing their owners. Mammals are the most likely exotic pets to
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are kept by private individuals as pets in the United States. Nine states ban the keeping of non-human primates, but no federal law regulates ownership. In 1975, the
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issues permits for keeping and breeding certain exotic species, whether captured from the wild or bred. In the United States, for example, it is illegal to import
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Veterinary costs for treatment of exotic animals may be significantly higher than for a more conventional pet, owing to the increased specialization required.
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is popular as an exotic pet, and is sometimes considered a pocket pet. Most US states and cities allow sugar gliders as pets, with some exceptions including
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licensing may be required for the owning or breeding of some exotic animals. Most US states and municipalities, for example, regulate exotic pet ownership.
185:, in part, as " that is native to a foreign country or of foreign origin or character, is not native to the United States, or was introduced from abroad."
1996:"REXANO Concerned about Constitutionality of Exotic Animal Legislation and its Effect on our Children; New Free Web Resource Provides Tools to Fight it"
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populations due to a lack of natural predators in New
Zealand. Hedgehogs may tighten the orbicularis muscle (a circular muscle structure similar to a
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opening its eyes 80 days after birth. Male gliders do all the parental care and after 110 days the joey is ready to leave the nest. Sugar gliders are
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animals. Animals that are captive-bred in the United States have no risk of contracting any harmful disease as they are not exposed to it in any way.
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1821:"India's richest family is planning to build the world's largest zoo, and the 280-acre project has already sparked a protest by animal activists"
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1585:) on their back to hide their head, legs, and belly in a coat of prickly erect spines. Hedgehogs are primarily nocturnal, though some may be
939:. One of the dangers of private zoos is the damage and harm that the animals can pose to people if they escape or are released by the owner.
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Although the breeding population has been largely isolated from wild populations outside the US, they still have the potential to transmit
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prior to that classification's abandonment. Presently, hedgehogs are classified as omnivorous. Hedgehogs have been known to eat bugs,
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However, with captive breeding of exotic animals becoming more prevalent, fewer and fewer animals are being captured from the wild.
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When a person owns a collection of enough exotic pets, the property that they keep the animals on may be operated as a private
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An extremely wide variety of animals have been kept as pets (at least in rare instances) or as farm stock. Below is a list of
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Providing appropriate environmental conditions, housing and diet for an exotic animal may be difficult for several reasons:
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929:. In such zoos, there are also allegations that the criminals have been known to use the zoo animals to murder captives in
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has defined the exotics group as "zoological companion animals". Legally, the definition is subject to local jurisdiction.
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Animal markets in impoverished, tropical countries often sell primates to both tourists and locals as pets, such as these
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113:. The definition varies by culture, location, and over time—as animals become firmly enough established in the world of
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providing the right social environment for highly social species may be impractical or impossible in a home setting.
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insufficient information may be available on caring for such animals in captivity, though this is rapidly changing.
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Sugar gliders are social animals commonly living in groups of around 7 individuals. They communicate through
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forbid or regulate the possession of exotic pets, but 5 states have no license or permit requirements.
2860:- Certifies veterinary specialists in zoological medicine which includes zoological companion species.
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it may be difficult to provide the correct environment (such as temperature or amount of sunlight)
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Conservation, Online editorial department Pro Igel e V. German Society for Integrated Nature.
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have a high metabolic rate, meaning they can eat around 8 to 10 small meals daily. They are
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The Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna, or
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8:
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1999:
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are also known to have private zoos, in order to show how successful they have become in
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enjoy playing in water. As natural predators, ferrets should be kept separate from any
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1704:"A framework for assessing the suitability of different species as companion animals,
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2377:"Total Numbers and Odds of an Accidental Death in the USA by Cause of Injury in 2005"
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935:-like killings. The most well-known example of a zoo owned by organized criminals is
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1894:"Private zoos boasting exotic animals – the new status symbol of Armenia's elite"
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kept as pets in captivity at home within that category (although such animals as
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999:, and the industry generates an estimated $ 7 to $ 23 billion (USD) each year.
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1948:"Drug Lords In Mexico Feed Their Enemies To Tigers, Use Animals As Drug Mules"
1919:"Tigers, Giraffes, and Drug Lord Mansions: Welcome to Honduras' 'Narco State'"
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Summary of US State laws regarding Exotic Pets from the Born Free USA website
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animals sharing man's companionship and in particular living in his household
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which is relatively rare or unusual to keep, or is generally thought of as a
2459:"B-virus from Pet Macaque Monkeys: An Emerging Threat in the United States?"
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1616:, and even fruits and vegetables. A hedgehog's diet should be very high in
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1400:, so they need a high protein intake which can be satisfied using pellets.
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Many small exotic pets are prohibited in certain areas for being invasive;
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2805:"Pro Igel e.V. German Society for Integrated Nature Conservation: Biology"
2405:"Exotic Animal Incidents Category: Escape/Attack resulting in human death"
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Complete Care Guide for Your Sugar Glider: The Perfect "pocket" Pet
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2087:"Federal Register, Volume 72 Issue 158 (Thursday, August 16, 2007)"
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is the fact it is often kept locally as a pet, or traded to Japan.
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2359:"Rexano About responsible exotic animal ownership property rights"
2225:"Pet trade's "cute" and "adorable" label endangers the slow loris"
1845:"Checkout The Luxurious Life Of 18 Years Old Richest Kid In Dubai"
347:, non-domesticated species and wild-domestic hybrid breeds (e.g.,
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and birds have become firmly enough established in the world of
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true today: one of the major factors behind the status of the
2866:- US and international database of exotic mammal veterinarian
2130:"Hundreds of dead wild animals found at South Africa airport"
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deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
2550:"B Virus (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1) Infection CDC NCID"
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leopards, snow leopards, lions, tigers, and their hybrids.
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2670:. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center.
2340:
2258:
Trust, Purva Variyar, Wildlife Conservation (2022-09-29).
2105:"World Wildlife Day Highlights Severity of Wildlife Crime"
2022:"Ambani family plan to build world's largest zoo in India"
2668:"A Note on High Level Turbulence Encountered by a Glider"
2586:
CDFW, California Department of Fish and Wildlife (2018).
2514:"Problems with Pet Monkeys – Monkeys Make Poor Pets"
1869:"Why Rich People Are Obsessed With Owning Exotic Animals"
1804:
1506:
899:
102:
2834:"How Does a Hedgehog Give Birth | Do Hedgehogs Lay Eggs"
2711:"Sugar Glider Facts | Anatomy, Diet, Habitat, Behavior"
1071:
feeding the correct diet may be difficult or impossible
964:, as well as the possibility of the animal becoming an
2857:
1465:. However, they are not allowed to be kept as pets in
2636:"15 Things You Need to Know Before Adopting a Ferret"
2239:"Our Love of Exotic Pets is Driving Wildlife Decline"
1232:
are sometimes kept as pets. More common animals like
914:
people can use to illustrate their power and wealth.
2260:"Forced to Pay the Ultimate Price for the Pet Trade"
995:
Illegally transporting exotic pets is also known as
2182:"U.S. One of Largest Ivory Markets, New Study Says"
1972:"Zoo owner sets exotic animals free, kills himself"
179:
This term excludes exotic animals and wild animals.
2151:"Are Humans Pushing the Slow Loris to Extinction?"
2074:Map of Exotic-Animal-Laws at Born Free USA website
1789:). Western North American Naturalist. 64. 532-537.
2864:Association of Exotic Mammal Veterinarians (AEMV)
2784:"Pet Hedgehog Food, Treats, Diet & Nutrition"
2588:"Why can't I have a [...] in California?"
1785:Shelley, R.M. & Chagas-Jr, Amazonas. (2004).
16:A pet which is relatively rare or unusual to keep
2871:
2323:"Exotic animals bringing health risks with them"
2211:"A brief history of the global exotic pet trade"
2505:
2428:
2426:
2858:American College of Zoological medicine (ACZM)
213:may not really be considered very "exotic").
2568:
1118:It has been estimated that as many as 15,000
1034:effects that come with owning an exotic pet.
32:The examples and perspective in this article
2661:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2423:
2282:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1094:, with non-human primates topping the list.
1185:
2542:
1800:"The wild world of America's private zoos"
1762:"Exotic Animal Law & Legal Definition"
2652:
1533:exist worldwide. Hedgehogs are native in
1178:, which can be deadly to certain smaller
70:Learn how and when to remove this message
2802:
2665:
2019:
1520:
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81:
2434:"The Perils of Keeping Monkeys as Pets"
1735:
164:
159:American College of Zoological Medicine
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2562:
2511:
2148:
1017:
2512:McLeod, Dianne (September 25, 2018).
2257:
1774:Exotic animal is defined by 9 CFR 1.1
1255:Comparison of small exotic pets with
251:, non-domesticated and hybrid (e.g.,
2585:
1678:
1501:in the summer. Gliders can also eat
216:
18:
2149:Actman, Jani (September 26, 2017).
1715:"; Animal Welfare 2000, 9:359-372,
188:
129:The definition is an evolving one;
117:, they may no longer be considered
13:
2483:"Chimpanzees Don't Make Good Pets"
1818:
1166:. There is a considerable risk of
14:
2906:
2851:
1679:Goad, Eleanor (9 November 2022).
1114:, despite laws against the trade.
1085:
2612:"Ferrets - behaviour - our pets"
2407:. Born Free, USA. Archived from
1945:
1416:
1010:International treaties (such as
173:(9 CFR 1.1), says that the term
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2013:
1998:(Press release). Archived from
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1964:
1939:
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1911:
1886:
1453:, sugar gliders can be kept in
893:
154:) is considered an exotic pet.
2666:Kuettner, J. (December 1952).
1933:"Drug lords enjoy exotic zoos"
1861:
1837:
1812:
1792:
1779:
1754:
1729:
1698:
1681:"Are rabbits really 'exotic'?"
1672:
1497:relying on the consumption of
1425:Sugar gliders eating mealworms
990:
430:Madagascar hissing cockroaches
124:
1:
2076:. Both accessed May 22, 2016.
1665:
2020:Mitchell, Bea (2021-02-24).
1516:
1475:Australian Capital Territory
1053:
917:In the criminal underworld,
7:
2264:Wildlife Conservation Trust
2186:news.nationalgeographic.com
2109:African Wildlife Foundation
1623:
1101:
951:
442:giant prickly stick insects
171:Code of Federal Regulations
46:, discuss the issue on the
10:
2911:
2760:"Behavior Characteristics"
2487:The Jane Goodall Institute
1592:Hedgehogs were considered
1549:. They were introduced to
1376:
1200:Small exotic pets include
1189:
1124:Center for Disease Control
169:In the United States, the
2736:"History of the hedgehog"
1525:A pet hedgehog from Japan
1037:
946:
2764:hedgehogheadquarters.com
1186:Common small exotic pets
594:Chinese fire belly newts
1749:According to 9 CFR 1.1
1230:North American opossums
2691:Cite journal requires
2569:Debbie Dillon (1996).
1660:Exotic felines as pets
1557:and quickly became an
1526:
1429:Around the world, the
1426:
1386:
1206:Chacoan pygmy opossums
1115:
391:Argentine horned frogs
94:
2411:on September 23, 2015
2163:on September 27, 2017
1655:Charismatic megafauna
1645:Baiting (blood sport)
1529:Seventeen species of
1524:
1424:
1384:
1109:
1092:injure or kill humans
85:
2461:. January–March 1998
1976:The Spokesman-Review
1176:herpes simplex virus
752:Gambian pouched rats
387:African clawed frogs
165:In the United States
93:kept as exotic pets.
52:create a new article
44:improve this article
2592:www.wildlife.ca.gov
2493:on February 2, 2015
2440:on October 17, 2008
2329:. 27 November 2006.
2244:Scientific American
2156:National Geographic
2138:. January 31, 2014.
1875:. 26 September 2016
1259:
1212:, as well as other
1018:Impact on the world
962:conservation status
932:damnatio ad bestias
857:Hermann's tortoises
472:blue-tongued skinks
199:relatively commonly
2676:10.21236/ad0012012
2213:. 31 October 2018.
1711:2013-07-24 at the
1650:Wildlife smuggling
1527:
1463:Northern Territory
1427:
1387:
1278:Lifespan in years
1254:
1132:cottontop tamarins
1116:
997:wildlife smuggling
696:as pictured above)
395:fire-bellied toads
261:jackal–dog hybrids
253:coyote–dog hybrids
95:
2227:. 25 August 2016.
1467:Western Australia
1374:
1373:
1275:Circadian rhythm
890:
889:
869:red-eared sliders
861:Russian tortoises
804:Patagonian cavies
602:tiger salamanders
383:African bullfrogs
281:African wild dogs
257:dingo–dog hybrids
109:rather than as a
80:
79:
72:
54:, as appropriate.
2902:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2811:. Archived from
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2694:
2689:
2687:
2679:
2663:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2616:www.rspca.org.uk
2608:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2575:. Debbie Dillon.
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2530:on July 12, 2014
2526:. Archived from
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2489:. Archived from
2479:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2436:. Archived from
2430:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2381:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2300:. Archived from
2298:"Exotic Pet FAQ"
2294:
2288:
2287:
2281:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2188:. Archived from
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2159:. Archived from
2146:
2140:
2139:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2083:
2077:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2048:. Archived from
2046:"What is CITES?"
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1952:Business Insider
1943:
1937:
1936:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1849:cdn.scooper.news
1841:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1825:Business Insider
1816:
1810:
1809:
1796:
1790:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1769:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1744:
1736:USLegal (2016).
1733:
1727:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1676:
1561:. Hedgehogs are
1559:invasive species
1266:Size (in grams)
1260:
1253:
1226:flying squirrels
1164:zoonotic disease
966:invasive species
937:Hacienda Nápoles
690:squirrel monkeys
636:eclectus parrots
454:praying mantises
418:Hercules beetles
265:wolf–dog hybrids
217:
189:Types of animals
111:domesticated pet
87:Capuchin monkeys
75:
68:
64:
61:
55:
27:
26:
19:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2870:
2869:
2854:
2849:
2848:
2839:
2837:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2818:
2816:
2809:www.pro-igel.de
2801:
2797:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2768:
2766:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2744:
2742:
2740:Hedgehog Street
2734:
2733:
2729:
2720:
2718:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2692:
2690:
2681:
2680:
2664:
2653:
2644:
2642:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2620:
2618:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2596:
2594:
2584:
2580:
2567:
2563:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2533:
2531:
2510:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2481:
2480:
2473:
2464:
2462:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2443:
2441:
2432:
2431:
2424:
2414:
2412:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2388:
2386:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2307:
2305:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2275:
2274:
2268:
2266:
2256:
2252:
2247:. October 2017.
2237:
2236:
2232:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2195:
2193:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2166:
2164:
2147:
2143:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2114:
2112:
2111:. March 2, 2015
2103:
2102:
2098:
2091:www.govinfo.gov
2085:
2084:
2080:
2068:
2064:
2055:
2053:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2030:
2028:
2018:
2014:
2005:
2003:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1980:
1978:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1956:
1954:
1944:
1940:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1903:
1901:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1878:
1876:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1853:
1851:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1829:
1827:
1819:Warren, Katie.
1817:
1813:
1808:. 8 April 2020.
1798:
1797:
1793:
1784:
1780:
1767:
1765:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1742:
1740:
1734:
1730:
1713:Wayback Machine
1703:
1699:
1689:
1687:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1626:
1608:, worms, small
1519:
1471:New South Wales
1459:South Australia
1419:
1379:
1198:
1192:Rodents as pets
1188:
1172:rhesus macaques
1104:
1088:
1056:
1040:
1020:
993:
954:
949:
927:organized crime
896:
891:
865:painted turtles
853:Greek tortoises
554:bark centipedes
488:monitor lizards
468:bearded dragons
309:bat-eared foxes
191:
167:
127:
76:
65:
59:
56:
41:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2908:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2868:
2867:
2861:
2853:
2852:External links
2850:
2847:
2846:
2825:
2795:
2775:
2751:
2727:
2702:
2693:|journal=
2651:
2627:
2603:
2578:
2561:
2541:
2504:
2471:
2450:
2422:
2396:
2368:
2363:www.rexano.org
2350:
2332:
2314:
2289:
2250:
2230:
2216:
2202:
2192:on May 7, 2008
2173:
2141:
2121:
2096:
2078:
2062:
2037:
2012:
1987:
1963:
1938:
1924:
1921:. 7 July 2022.
1910:
1885:
1860:
1836:
1811:
1791:
1778:
1753:
1728:
1697:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1625:
1622:
1518:
1515:
1418:
1415:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1368:
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1362:
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1356:
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1338:
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1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
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1303:
1300:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1196:Skunks as pets
1187:
1184:
1168:monkey B virus
1103:
1100:
1087:
1086:Risk to humans
1084:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1055:
1052:
1039:
1036:
1019:
1016:
992:
989:
953:
950:
948:
945:
895:
892:
888:
887:
883:
882:
872:
842:
824:
819:
741:
719:
697:
663:
616:Amazon parrots
605:
583:
557:
541:
540:
539:
525:
495:
484:leopard geckos
476:crested geckos
457:
438:giant katydids
403:
398:
372:
342:
320:
246:
215:
190:
187:
166:
163:
126:
123:
89:are among the
78:
77:
38:of the subject
36:worldwide view
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2907:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2835:
2829:
2815:on 2017-10-04
2814:
2810:
2806:
2799:
2785:
2779:
2765:
2761:
2755:
2741:
2737:
2731:
2716:
2712:
2706:
2698:
2685:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2617:
2613:
2607:
2593:
2589:
2582:
2574:
2573:
2565:
2551:
2545:
2529:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2508:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2476:
2460:
2454:
2439:
2435:
2429:
2427:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2385:
2378:
2372:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2304:on 2010-03-22
2303:
2299:
2293:
2285:
2279:
2265:
2261:
2254:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2226:
2220:
2212:
2206:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2177:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2145:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2125:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2052:on 2008-12-19
2051:
2047:
2041:
2027:
2023:
2016:
2002:on 2023-01-08
2001:
1997:
1991:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1953:
1949:
1942:
1934:
1928:
1920:
1914:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1795:
1788:
1782:
1775:
1763:
1757:
1750:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1701:
1686:
1682:
1675:
1671:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1565:and threaten
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1523:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1447:New York City
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1423:
1417:Sugar gliders
1414:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1385:Female ferret
1383:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
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1328:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1269:Prohibitions
1268:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1210:sugar gliders
1207:
1203:
1197:
1193:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1144:Diana monkeys
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1113:
1108:
1099:
1095:
1093:
1083:
1076:
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967:
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959:
944:
940:
938:
934:
933:
928:
924:
920:
915:
913:
909:
908:status symbol
905:
901:
886:
880:
876:
873:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
843:
840:
836:
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828:
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823:
820:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
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761:
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753:
749:
745:
742:
739:
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731:
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723:
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709:
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683:
679:
675:
671:
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649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
606:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
584:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
558:
555:
551:
547:
544:
543:
542:
537:
533:
529:
526:
523:
522:sugar gliders
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
496:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
458:
455:
451:
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435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
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402:
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388:
384:
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376:
373:
370:
366:
362:
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354:
350:
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343:
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336:
332:
328:
324:
321:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
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290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
247:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
227:camel spiders
224:
221:
220:
219:
218:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
186:
184:
183:exotic animal
181:" It defines
180:
176:
172:
162:
160:
155:
153:
149:
144:
140:
136:
132:
122:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
92:
88:
84:
74:
71:
63:
53:
49:
45:
39:
37:
30:
21:
20:
2838:. Retrieved
2836:. 2022-12-03
2828:
2817:. Retrieved
2813:the original
2808:
2798:
2787:. Retrieved
2778:
2767:. Retrieved
2763:
2754:
2743:. Retrieved
2739:
2730:
2719:. Retrieved
2717:. 2016-01-23
2715:Animals Time
2714:
2705:
2684:cite journal
2643:. Retrieved
2640:Care2 Causes
2639:
2630:
2619:. Retrieved
2615:
2606:
2595:. Retrieved
2591:
2581:
2571:
2564:
2553:. Retrieved
2544:
2532:. Retrieved
2528:the original
2517:
2507:
2495:. Retrieved
2491:the original
2486:
2463:. Retrieved
2453:
2442:. Retrieved
2438:the original
2413:. Retrieved
2409:the original
2399:
2387:. Retrieved
2383:
2371:
2362:
2353:
2344:
2335:
2326:
2317:
2306:. Retrieved
2302:the original
2292:
2267:. Retrieved
2263:
2253:
2242:
2233:
2219:
2205:
2194:. Retrieved
2190:the original
2185:
2176:
2165:. Retrieved
2161:the original
2154:
2144:
2133:
2124:
2113:. Retrieved
2108:
2099:
2090:
2081:
2065:
2054:. Retrieved
2050:the original
2040:
2029:. Retrieved
2025:
2015:
2004:. Retrieved
2000:the original
1990:
1979:. Retrieved
1975:
1966:
1955:. Retrieved
1951:
1946:Howe, Alex.
1941:
1927:
1913:
1902:. Retrieved
1900:. 2014-10-30
1898:the Guardian
1897:
1888:
1877:. Retrieved
1873:www.vice.com
1872:
1863:
1852:. Retrieved
1848:
1839:
1828:. Retrieved
1824:
1814:
1803:
1794:
1781:
1773:
1766:. Retrieved
1756:
1748:
1741:. Retrieved
1738:"Pet animal"
1731:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1700:
1688:. Retrieved
1684:
1674:
1594:insectivores
1591:
1547:central Asia
1528:
1490:vocalization
1487:
1431:sugar glider
1428:
1411:prey animals
1388:
1330:Sugar glider
1321:Crepuscular
1238:
1199:
1161:
1157:
1117:
1112:slow lorises
1096:
1089:
1080:
1057:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1032:
1029:
1021:
1009:
1005:slow lorises
1001:
994:
985:
970:
955:
941:
930:
919:crime bosses
916:
897:
894:Private zoos
884:
831:ball pythons
808:prairie dogs
612:grey parrots
450:leaf insects
446:grasshoppers
349:leopard cats
339:hermit crabs
317:raccoon dogs
313:fennec foxes
301:arctic foxes
293:silver foxes
289:maned wolves
243:whip spiders
198:
194:
192:
182:
178:
174:
168:
156:
143:animal fancy
128:
118:
115:animal fancy
107:wild species
98:
96:
66:
57:
33:
2895:Exotic pets
2497:February 1,
1743:30 December
1717:p. 360
1640:Canned hunt
1630:Pet culture
1587:crepuscular
1551:New Zealand
1539:Middle East
1394:carnivorous
1298:Crepuscular
1249:New Zealand
1140:chimpanzees
991:Trafficking
912:upper class
839:milk snakes
835:corn snakes
784:guinea pigs
764:chinchillas
674:bush babies
590:salamanders
426:cockroaches
422:butterflies
353:Bengal cats
323:Crustaceans
239:vinegaroons
137:, and some
125:Definitions
60:August 2016
2890:Animal law
2874:Categories
2840:2024-01-25
2819:2019-04-23
2789:2019-04-23
2769:2019-04-23
2745:2019-04-23
2721:2019-04-28
2645:2019-04-22
2621:2019-04-22
2597:2019-04-11
2555:2008-07-13
2519:The Spruce
2465:2010-03-26
2444:2008-07-13
2389:October 8,
2308:2010-03-26
2269:2022-11-22
2196:2018-03-24
2167:2018-03-24
2115:2018-03-24
2056:2010-03-26
2031:2023-01-11
2006:2023-01-08
1981:2023-01-11
1957:2023-01-11
1904:2023-01-11
1879:2023-01-11
1854:2023-01-11
1830:2023-01-11
1720:pet animal
1706:Appendix C
1690:5 February
1666:References
1563:omnivorous
1503:arthropods
1495:omnivorous
1479:Queensland
1461:, and the
1435:California
1367:Nocturnal
1364:2 - Short
1318:2 - Short
1241:California
1202:marsupials
1190:See also:
1130:, such as
1128:endangered
1025:slow loris
923:drug lords
847:and other
776:fancy rats
700:Procyonids
660:parrotlets
624:cockatiels
550:millipedes
498:Marsupials
480:day geckos
464:chameleons
305:gray foxes
235:tarantulas
175:pet animal
99:exotic pet
2534:March 12,
2523:About.com
1768:8 October
1764:. USLegal
1685:Vet Times
1583:sphincter
1517:Hedgehogs
1451:Australia
1344:Nocturnal
1340:4 - Long
1294:3 - Long
1222:hedgehogs
1054:Husbandry
981:US states
904:menagerie
875:Viverrids
845:Tortoises
812:squirrels
756:capybaras
716:kinkajous
712:ringtails
694:capuchins
656:parakeets
648:lovebirds
644:lorikeets
628:cockatoos
560:Mustelids
546:Myriapods
510:wallabies
506:wallaroos
502:kangaroos
401:Hedgehogs
361:savannahs
297:red foxes
231:scorpions
223:Arachnids
211:parakeets
48:talk page
2885:Wildlife
2327:NBC News
2278:cite web
2135:BBC News
2026:Blooloop
1709:Archived
1624:See also
1612:, small
1531:hedgehog
1511:honeydew
1483:Tasmania
1455:Victoria
1354:Hedgehog
1263:Species
1120:primates
1102:Primates
977:primates
952:Legality
796:lemmings
792:hamsters
704:raccoons
688:such as
666:Primates
598:axolotls
576:polecats
570:such as
528:Mollusks
520:such as
514:opossums
434:crickets
428:such as
416:such as
365:caracals
357:chausies
337:such as
327:crayfish
203:goldfish
150:and the
91:primates
42:You may
2415:May 22,
1618:protein
1555:England
1499:insects
1402:Chicken
1396:, like
1390:Ferrets
1377:Ferrets
1257:rabbits
1234:rabbits
1218:ferrets
1214:mammals
1180:monkeys
1152:gibbons
1136:baboons
877:(e.g.,
851:(e.g.,
849:turtles
829:(e.g.,
780:gerbils
772:dormice
748:agoutis
746:(e.g.,
744:Rodents
726:falcons
724:(e.g.,
722:Raptors
702:(e.g.,
686:monkeys
682:lorises
668:(e.g.,
632:conures
620:caiques
610:(e.g.,
608:Parrots
592:(e.g.,
572:ferrets
568:weasels
564:martens
562:(e.g.,
548:(e.g.,
530:(e.g.,
518:possums
500:(e.g.,
462:(e.g.,
460:Lizards
414:beetles
408:(e.g.,
406:Insects
381:(e.g.,
369:servals
325:(e.g.,
273:coyotes
225:(e.g.,
139:rodents
135:rabbits
2384:REXANO
2341:"Home"
1614:snakes
1577:, and
1575:lizard
1567:insect
1545:, and
1543:Africa
1537:, the
1535:Europe
1473:, the
1445:, and
1443:Alaska
1439:Hawaii
1308:Rabbit
1284:Ferret
1247:, and
1245:Hawaii
1148:lemurs
1038:Health
947:Issues
885:
879:genets
867:, and
837:, and
827:Snakes
822:Skunks
814:, and
788:gundis
760:coypus
736:, and
734:osprey
714:, and
708:coatis
692:, and
684:, and
678:lemurs
658:, and
652:macaws
640:lories
600:, and
578:, and
536:snails
516:, and
490:, and
452:, and
393:, and
367:, and
345:Felids
331:shrimp
315:, and
285:dholes
277:dingos
269:wolves
249:Canids
241:, and
209:, and
148:ferret
119:exotic
2380:(PDF)
1635:Feral
1602:frogs
1598:slugs
1571:snail
1449:. In
1312:3000
1288:1500
1272:Tail
1216:like
1204:like
1170:from
1012:CITES
958:CITES
910:that
902:or a
816:voles
768:degus
730:hawks
586:Newts
580:minks
532:slugs
492:tegus
379:toads
375:Frogs
335:crabs
101:is a
50:, or
2880:Pets
2697:help
2536:2019
2499:2015
2417:2016
2391:2012
2345:ncrw
2284:link
2072:and
1770:2012
1745:2018
1692:2024
1610:mice
1606:fish
1579:bird
1406:lamb
1404:and
1398:cats
1361:Yes
1358:450
1337:Yes
1334:140
1315:One
1291:Yes
1224:and
1208:and
1194:and
1150:and
973:USDA
971:The
800:mice
738:owls
670:apes
588:and
566:and
552:and
534:and
410:ants
377:and
333:and
207:mice
195:some
131:fish
2672:doi
2521:at
1805:CNN
1553:by
1507:sap
1481:or
1302:12
900:zoo
152:rat
103:pet
97:An
2876::
2807:.
2762:.
2738:.
2713:.
2688::
2686:}}
2682:{{
2654:^
2638:.
2614:.
2590:.
2516:.
2485:.
2474:^
2425:^
2382:.
2361:.
2343:.
2325:.
2280:}}
2276:{{
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2184:.
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2107:.
2089:.
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1974:.
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680:,
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