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396:, and thereby prevent the arrival of reinforcements for Frederick from Germany. Initially, Ezzelino favoured the Lombard League which could block the Brenner and emerge victorious from its first confrontation with the Emperor. However, he and his brother Alberico later changed sides, when it became apparent that the League favoured their enemies in the March, particularly the Este and the San Bonifacio (Sambonifacio).
361:, who received the castles and villages in the countryside of Vicenza (including the important centre of Bassano del Grappa) and Ezzelino, who received the possessions in the countryside of Treviso. In 1226 Ezzelino intervened in a factional struggle in Verona, aiding the Monticuli and Quattuorviginti against their enemies, the so-called
544:
Much of what we know about
Ezzelino comes from a literary tradition that was embroidered over the course of centuries; despite the brevity of his reign, Ezzelino's reputed cruelty became symbolic of tyranny, poets and chroniclers living in recent memory of his tactics used his name to evoke the sense
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In 1232 the brothers struck an alliance with
Frederick and received an imperial privilege of protection. However, four years passed before the emperor could personally intervene in the March of Treviso. The years 1232–1236 were therefore very difficult for Ezzelino and Alberico, who were assailed by
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relates, "Here for the first time the attempt was openly made to found a throne by wholesale murder and endless barbarities, by the adoption in short, of any means with a view to nothing but the end pursued." The example set by the success of this kind of ruthlessness, was not lost on the future
412:. In a campaign that began in November 1236 Frederick and Ezzelino, who was becoming an increasingly important ally of the emperor, subjugated all the important cities of the March of Treviso: Vicenza was conquered in November 1236, Padua and Treviso surrendered in February/March 1237.
553:(c. 1262) charts the rise and the fall of the 'da Romano' family, introducing Ezzelino as a young man throwing stones at the home of the family rival; the extremely partisan political work follows the fortunes of Padua under the tyrant's iron grip up to the
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Before
Ezzelino, the seizing of political power in city-states throughout the Middle Ages, had been based on real or pretended inheritance claims or else were directed against infidels and the excommunicated; but with him, as the historian
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In 1236, Frederick II finally arrived in the March of
Treviso. Because Ezzelino and his Veronese allies, the Monticuli and Quattuorviginti, had gained control of Verona in early 1236, the emperor could bring reinforcements across the
509:, attacking Padua, which resisted, and Brescia, which was instead sacked after an easy victory of his German knights over the crusaders' army. In 1258 he launched a broad Ghibelline offensive in Lombardy and Veneto along with
337:. At the age of four years, he was sent as a hostage to Verona, but nothing else is known about his childhood or education. In 1213, he took part in the siege of the castle of
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After a failed pacification attempt by
Frederick, as soon as the emperor departed Ezzelino attacked the Este, submitting Treviso - even though it was his brother's fief -
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of arbitrary power and the moral transgressions it enabled; fourteenth century authors raised the level of accusation, insisting that
Ezzelino's parentage was demonic.
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against all enemies and alleged plotters, in the cities he ruled. In 1249, five years after
Selvaggia's death at the age of just 21 years, he married
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533:, near the city of Cremona in Lombardy. In the following year his brother Alberico was put to death, and the Romano family became extinct.
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349:, the young Ezzelino already showed a keen interest in siegecraft and acquired a hatred of the Este which would last his entire life.
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for almost two decades. He became infamous as a cruel tyrant, and was, in fact, the most "notorious" of the "early tyrants".
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In 1236 Ezzelino married
Selvaggia, Frederick's natural daughter who was thirteen years old at the time; conquered
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369:. From this time onwards Ezzelino became an important factor in Veronese politics and in 1226-1227 he had become
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571:; the Latin verse play introduces Ezzelino's mother, who provides testimony of the tyrant's infernal sire. In
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against him. He had reconciled with his brother and allied himself with other seigneurs of the Veneto and
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and other fiefs in the Veneto, and
Adelaide degli Alberti di Mangona, who came from a family of counts in
585:, where Dante encounters him in the Seventh Circle, First Ring: the Violent against their Neighbors (
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At this time control over Verona was important because
Frederick II was in conflict with the Second
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It was only after his death that the alliance between Sambonifacio and Este fell apart.
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When Ezzelino II retired to a monastery in 1223, his possessions went to his sons
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ended with the total defeat of the latter and the annexion of many territories.
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493:. There was growing disgust at Ezzelino's cruel behavior, and in 1254 he was
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or Lord Mayor of that city. He briefly lost Verona, but regained it in 1230.
694:. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 846–847.
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Ezzelino was one of the protagonists in the Ghibelline-Imperial victory of
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many enemies, primarily the San Bonifacio, the Este and the city of Padua.
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After Frederick's death in 1250, Ezzelino supported his son,
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tyrants of late Middle Age and early Renaissance Italy.
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itself, he was wounded by an arrow in the course of the
442:(1237) and in 1239 was named Imperial viceroy for the
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567:( c. 1315 ) portrays Ezzelino as the son of the
108:16th century woodcut of Ezzelino III da Romano.
427:and by treason Padua, seizing the position of
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803:People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
707:The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy
388:. Whoever controlled Verona could block the
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731:The New Cambridge Medieval History (Vol.
525:and had to retreat but was captured near
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
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32:This article includes a list of general
431:of that city. In Padua he had the monk
222: 1236; died 1244)
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724:Dean, Trevor (1999). "The rise of the
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419:Activities of Ezzelino III da Romano.
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557:'s liberation by the Guelph League.
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446:. His long-lasting struggle against
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38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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626:Guelphs and Ghibellines
353:Rise to power 1226–1239
53:more precise citations.
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274:Ezzelino III da Romano
435:arrested and exiled.
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327:Ezzelino II da Romano
258:Ezzelino II da Romano
126:Mastino I della Scala
267:statesman, commander
735:): c. 1198-c. 1300
547:Rolandino of Padua
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132:Other titles
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783:1259 deaths
778:1194 births
476:Oglio river
410:men-at-arms
329:, ruler of
288:(in modern
141:PodestĂ of
135:PodestĂ of
51:introducing
772:Categories
632:References
458:Last years
440:Cortenuova
321:Early life
264:Occupation
156:1194-04-25
34:references
660:Dean 1999
648:Dean 1999
491:Conrad IV
316:Biography
145:(1237–56)
139:(1236–59)
122:Successor
59:June 2019
616:Ezzelini
610:See also
595:Paradise
564:Ecerinis
507:Lombardy
474:and the
359:Alberico
282:Ezzelini
193:Ezzelini
85:Ezzelino
726:signori
718:Sources
591:Cunizza
587:Inferno
555:commune
531:Soncino
527:Bergamo
515:Cremona
503:crusade
480:torture
464:Belluno
429:podestĂ
373:podestĂ
335:Tuscany
306:Vicenza
278:Tombolo
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164:Tombolo
143:Vicenza
92:PodestĂ
47:improve
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540:Legacy
472:Trento
468:Feltre
425:Verona
302:Verona
290:Veneto
254:Father
199:Spouse
188:Family
96:Verona
36:, but
569:Devil
519:Milan
310:Padua
241:(
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137:Padua
114:Reign
740:ISBN
583:Hell
466:and
452:Este
406:Alps
394:Alps
339:Este
308:and
171:Died
150:Born
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561:'s
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