297:). FEV1/FVC ratio was first proposed by E.A. Haensler in 1950. The FEV1/FVC index should not be confused with the FEV1/VC index (Tiffeneau-Pinelli index) as they are different, although both are intended for diagnosing airway obstruction. Current recommendations for diagnosing pulmonary function recommend using the modified Tiffeneau-Pinelli index (also known as the Haensler index). This index is recommended to be represented as a decimal fraction with two digits after the decimal point (for example, 0.70).
24:
358:
FVC are equally reduced due to fibrosis or other lung pathology (not obstructive pathology). Thus, the FEV1/FVC ratio should be approximately normal, or even increased due to a decrease in magnitude of FVC as compared to FEV1 (because of the decreased compliance associated with the presence of
106:
Tidal volume: that volume of air moved into or out of the lungs during quiet breathing (VT indicates a subdivision of the lung; when tidal volume is precisely measured, as in gas exchange calculation, the symbol TV or
42:
Tidal volume: that volume of air moved into or out of the lungs in 1 breath (TV indicates a subdivision of the lung; when tidal volume is precisely measured, as in gas exchange calculation, the symbol TV or
213:
Forced inspiratory flow: (Specific measurement of the forced inspiratory curve is denoted by nomenclature analogous to that for the forced expiratory curve. For example, maximum inspiratory flow is denoted
319:
In obstructive lung disease, the FEV1 is reduced due to an obstruction of air escaping from the lungs. Thus, the FEV1/FVC ratio will be reduced. More specifically, according to the
529:
Mirsadraee M, Salarifar E, Attaran D. Evaluation of
Superiority of FEV1/VC Over FEV1/FVC for Classification of Pulmonary Disorders. J Cardiothorac Med. 2015; 3(4):355-359.
336:
427:
531:
351:
that defines when a patient has COPD—that is, when the patient's FEV1% is less than 88% of the predicted value for men, or less than 89% for women.
311:, which is defined as FEV1% of the patient divided by the average FEV1% in the population for any person of similar age, sex, and body composition.
661:
577:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults in primary and secondary care (partial update)
565:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults in primary and secondary care (partial update)
490:
256:
320:
1027:
654:
168:
Forced expiratory volume (time): a generic term indicating the volume of air exhaled under forced conditions in the first
1098:
953:
547:
290:
249:
218:. Unless otherwise specified, volume qualifiers indicate the volume inspired from RV at the point of measurement.)
1141:
647:
194:
Forced expiratory flow related to some portion of the FVC curve; modifiers refer to amount of FVC already exhaled
466:
335:
is less than 75% of predicted; however, other authoritative bodies have different diagnostic cutoff points. The
1017:
744:
528:
387:"Using the lower limit of normal for the FEV1/FVC ratio reduces the misclassification of airway obstruction"
1136:
866:
344:
234:
Maximal voluntary ventilation: volume of air expired in a specified period during repetitive maximal effort
1036:
985:
836:
242:
63:
Expiratory reserve volume: the maximal volume of air that can be exhaled from the end-expiratory position
157:
Forced vital capacity: the determination of the vital capacity from a maximally forced expiratory effort
990:
487:
304:
and depend on age, sex, height, and ethnicity as well as the research study that they are based upon.
898:
829:
810:
974:
841:
805:
699:
508:
294:
282:
278:
87:
Inspiratory vital capacity: the maximum volume of air inhaled from the point of maximum expiration
1007:
876:
301:
71:
Inspiratory reserve volume: the maximal volume that can be inhaled from the end-inspiratory level
824:
771:
761:
670:
1012:
948:
1067:
922:
886:
721:
716:
8:
749:
375:
Minelli R. Appunti dalle lezioni di fisiologia umana. La
Goliardica Pavese, Pavia, 1992.
226:
Peak expiratory flow: The highest forced expiratory flow measured with a peak flow meter
34:
Total lung capacity: the volume in the lungs at maximal inflation, the sum of VC and RV.
1077:
1072:
1052:
910:
786:
620:
593:
458:
1115:
1031:
997:
799:
754:
736:
625:
450:
408:
462:
119:
Functional residual capacity: the volume in the lungs at the end-expiratory position
55:
Residual volume: the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation
932:
881:
791:
706:
615:
605:
442:
398:
1110:
958:
927:
535:
494:
183:
Volume that has been exhaled at the end of the first second of forced expiration
1056:
1046:
861:
726:
340:
286:
1130:
1062:
818:
731:
446:
403:
386:
95:
Vital capacity: the volume of air breathed out after the deepest inhalation.
1002:
871:
853:
711:
629:
610:
412:
594:"COPD diagnosis related to different guidelines and spirometry techniques"
454:
1041:
639:
576:
564:
149:
Actual volume of the lung including the volume of the conducting airway.
1103:
1022:
917:
694:
689:
289:
that they are able to expire in the first second of forced expiration (
23:
979:
300:
Normal values are approximately 75%. Predicted normal values can be
428:"Pulmonary function in obese subjects with a normal FEV1/FVC ratio"
343:
medication has been given to make the diagnosis. According to the
684:
591:
205:
The maximum instantaneous flow achieved during a FVC maneuver
592:
Nathell, L.; Nathell, M.; Malmberg, P.; Larsson, K. (2007).
1081:
780:
324:
385:
Swanney MP, Ruppel G, Enright PL, et al. (2008).
337:
Global
Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
384:
540:
277:, is a calculated ratio used in the diagnosis of
483:
481:
479:
425:
1128:
476:
655:
285:. It represents the proportion of a person's
250:
339:criteria also require that values are after
378:
359:fibrosis in some pathological conditions).
127:Residual volume expressed as percent of TLC
79:Inspiratory capacity: the sum of IRV and TV
16:Ratio used in the diagnosis of lung disease
669:
662:
648:
587:
585:
419:
321:National Institute for Clinical Excellence
257:
243:
22:
619:
609:
402:
582:
1129:
354:In restrictive lung disease, the FEV1
331:/FVC ratio is less than 0.7 or the FEV
293:) to the full, forced vital capacity (
643:
1028:oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation curve
13:
954:hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
14:
1153:
506:
426:Sahebjami H, Gartside PS (1996).
314:
275:modified Tiffeneau-Pinelli index
570:
558:
522:
500:
369:
1:
362:
345:European Respiratory Society
307:A derived value of FEV1% is
7:
986:Ventilation/perfusion ratio
837:pulmonary stretch receptors
10:
1158:
1018:alveolar–arterial gradient
1091:
967:
941:
899:respiratory minute volume
852:
811:ventral respiratory group
770:
677:
238:
230:
222:
209:
198:
187:
176:
161:
153:
142:
131:
123:
115:
99:
91:
83:
75:
67:
59:
51:
38:
30:
21:
806:dorsal respiratory group
700:obligate nasal breathing
579:. NICE.org.uk. June 2010
567:. NICE.org.uk. June 2010
552:Johns Hopkins University
447:10.1378/chest.110.6.1425
283:restrictive lung disease
1008:pulmonary gas pressures
488:Interpreting spirometry
404:10.1136/thx.2008.098483
1142:Respiratory physiology
762:mechanical ventilation
671:Respiratory physiology
611:10.1186/1465-9921-8-89
347:(ERS) criteria, it is
1013:alveolar gas equation
949:pulmonary circulation
509:"The history of COPD"
1068:respiratory quotient
923:body plethysmography
842:Hering–Breuer reflex
717:pulmonary surfactant
598:Respiratory Research
327:is made when the FEV
1137:Respiratory therapy
911:Lung function tests
745:hyperresponsiveness
548:"Forced Expiration"
323:, the diagnosis of
138:Alveolar gas volume
1078:diffusion capacity
1073:arterial blood gas
1053:carbonic anhydrase
787:pneumotaxic center
534:2017-11-16 at the
493:2008-07-25 at the
1124:
1123:
1032:Oxygen saturation
998:zones of the lung
737:airway resistance
507:Petty, Thomas L.
497:. gp-training.net
302:calculated online
267:
266:
1149:
933:nitrogen washout
792:apneustic center
707:respiratory rate
664:
657:
650:
641:
640:
634:
633:
623:
613:
589:
580:
574:
568:
562:
556:
555:
544:
538:
526:
520:
519:
513:
504:
498:
485:
474:
473:
471:
465:. Archived from
432:
423:
417:
416:
406:
382:
376:
373:
259:
252:
245:
26:
19:
18:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1111:oxygen toxicity
1087:
975:ventilation (V)
963:
959:pulmonary shunt
937:
928:peak flow meter
848:
766:
673:
668:
638:
637:
590:
583:
575:
571:
563:
559:
546:
545:
541:
536:Wayback Machine
527:
523:
511:
505:
501:
495:Wayback Machine
486:
477:
469:
430:
424:
420:
397:(12): 1046–51.
383:
379:
374:
370:
365:
349:FEV1% predicted
334:
330:
317:
309:FEV1% predicted
263:
217:
202:
191:
180:
165:
146:
135:
110:
103:
46:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1155:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1057:chloride shift
1050:
1047:Haldane effect
1044:
1039:
1034:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
994:
993:
988:
977:
971:
969:
965:
964:
962:
961:
956:
951:
945:
943:
939:
938:
936:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
913:
907:
906:
904:FEV1/FVC ratio
901:
896:
894:
890:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
858:
856:
850:
849:
847:
846:
845:
844:
834:
833:
832:
827:
819:chemoreceptors
815:
814:
813:
808:
796:
795:
794:
789:
776:
774:
768:
767:
765:
764:
759:
758:
757:
752:
747:
739:
734:
729:
727:elastic recoil
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
703:
702:
697:
692:
681:
679:
675:
674:
667:
666:
659:
652:
644:
636:
635:
581:
569:
557:
539:
521:
499:
475:
472:on 2019-02-19.
418:
377:
367:
366:
364:
361:
341:bronchodilator
332:
328:
316:
315:Disease states
313:
287:vital capacity
273:, also called
271:FEV1/FVC ratio
265:
264:
262:
261:
254:
247:
239:
236:
235:
232:
228:
227:
224:
220:
219:
215:
211:
207:
206:
203:
200:
196:
195:
192:
189:
185:
184:
181:
178:
174:
173:
166:
163:
159:
158:
155:
151:
150:
147:
144:
140:
139:
136:
133:
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
108:
104:
101:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
69:
65:
64:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
44:
40:
36:
35:
32:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1154:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1099:high altitude
1097:
1096:
1094:
1092:Insufficiency
1090:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1063:oxyhemoglobin
1061:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
992:
989:
987:
984:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
972:
970:
966:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
946:
944:
940:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
912:
909:
908:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
891:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
859:
857:
855:
851:
843:
840:
839:
838:
835:
831:
828:
826:
823:
822:
821:
820:
816:
812:
809:
807:
804:
803:
802:
801:
797:
793:
790:
788:
785:
784:
783:
782:
778:
777:
775:
773:
769:
763:
760:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
742:
740:
738:
735:
733:
732:hysteresivity
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
687:
686:
683:
682:
680:
676:
672:
665:
660:
658:
653:
651:
646:
645:
642:
631:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
603:
599:
595:
588:
586:
578:
573:
566:
561:
553:
549:
543:
537:
533:
530:
525:
517:
510:
503:
496:
492:
489:
484:
482:
480:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
441:(6): 1425–9.
440:
436:
429:
422:
414:
410:
405:
400:
396:
392:
388:
381:
372:
368:
360:
357:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
326:
322:
312:
310:
305:
303:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
260:
255:
253:
248:
246:
241:
240:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
212:
208:
204:
197:
193:
186:
182:
175:
171:
167:
160:
156:
152:
148:
141:
137:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
105:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
20:
1003:gas exchange
968:Interactions
903:
893:calculations
854:Lung volumes
817:
798:
779:
750:constriction
712:respirometer
601:
597:
572:
560:
551:
542:
524:
515:
502:
467:the original
438:
434:
421:
394:
390:
380:
371:
355:
353:
348:
318:
308:
306:
299:
274:
270:
268:
169:
1042:Bohr effect
942:Circulation
678:Respiration
279:obstructive
1131:Categories
1104:death zone
1023:hemoglobin
918:spirometry
877:dead space
830:peripheral
755:dilatation
741:bronchial
722:compliance
695:exhalation
690:inhalation
363:References
980:Perfusion
604:(1): 89.
516:nlhep.org
111:is used.)
47:is used.)
991:V/Q scan
630:18053200
532:Archived
491:Archived
463:25461249
413:18786983
1116:hypoxia
1037:2,3-BPG
825:central
800:medulla
772:Control
621:2217523
455:8989055
172:seconds
124:RV/TLC%
685:breath
628:
618:
461:
453:
411:
391:Thorax
512:(PDF)
470:(PDF)
459:S2CID
435:Chest
431:(PDF)
1082:DLCO
982:(Q)
781:pons
626:PMID
451:PMID
409:PMID
325:COPD
291:FEV1
281:and
269:The
887:PEF
867:FRC
616:PMC
606:doi
443:doi
439:110
399:doi
356:and
295:FVC
231:MVV
223:PEF
216:max
214:FIF
210:FIF
201:max
199:FEF
188:FEF
177:FEV
162:FEV
154:FVC
116:FRC
84:IVC
68:IRV
60:ERV
31:TLC
1133::
882:CC
872:Vt
862:VC
624:.
614:.
600:.
596:.
584:^
550:.
514:.
478:^
457:.
449:.
437:.
433:.
407:.
395:63
393:.
389:.
92:VC
76:IC
52:RV
39:TV
1084:)
1080:(
1059:)
1055:(
1049:)
1030:(
663:e
656:t
649:v
632:.
608::
602:8
554:.
518:.
445::
415:.
401::
333:1
329:1
258:e
251:t
244:v
190:x
179:1
170:t
164:t
145:L
143:V
134:A
132:V
109:T
107:V
102:T
100:V
45:T
43:V
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