684:
1064:
841:
392:
561:
found underneath the walls indicate the walls post-date the tombs. The fact that the other four capitals were buried beneath farmland and the Guang'anmen area is a densely populated section of urban
Beijing accounts for the greater difficulty of searching for Ji's ruins. In 2008, city authorities
551:
BC. In 1956, during the construction of the
Yongding River viaduct, 151 ancient wells dating to the Spring and Autumn, Warring States and Han dynasty were discovered. In 1957, a rammed earth platform was found south of Guang'anmen along with tiles used for palace construction. Since then more wells
862:
controlled ten of the Han dynasty's prefectures including
Youzhou and its capital Ji. The Wei Kingdom reorganized and decentralized the governance of commanderies under Youzhou. Guangyang Commandery became the State of Yan (燕国), which had four counties: Ji County, Changping, Jundu and Guangyang
606:
BC but later rebuilt. The Qin removed defensive barriers dividing the
Warring States, including the southern wall of the Yan, which separated the Beijing Plain from the Central Plain, and built a national roadway network. Ji served as the junction for the roads connecting the Central Plain with
1214:
to mark the location of
Jicheng and its importance to the history of Beijing. In 2009, the Beijing Administration for Cultural Heritage made the study and discovery of Ji during the Western Zhou, Spring and Autumn, Warring States, Qin and Han eras a priority in the city's archaeological work.
1117:
The Tang dynasty reduced the size of a prefecture, as a unit of administration administrative division, from a province to a commandery and renamed
Zhuojun back to Youzhou, which was one of over 300 Tang Prefectures. With the creation of a separate prefecture called Jizhou (蓟州) in present-day
475:
BC). The rulers of the Yan built several capitals and moved their seat of power in response to threats from the nomadic tribes from the north and neighboring kingdoms from the south. Ji was referred to historians as
Shangdu (上都) or the "Upper Capital." Other Yan capitals include: (1) the
1129:
The seat of the government of
Youzhou remained in place but took on slightly different names. In 616, the government was called Youzhou Zongguanfu (幽州总管府); in 622, Youzhou Dazongguanfu (幽州大总管府); in 624, Youzhou Dadudufu (幽州大都督府) and in 626, Youzhou Dudufu (幽州都督府).
556:
and
Hepingmen. Archaeologists have yet to discover remnants of city walls from the Zhou dynasty that have been found at the other four capitals. In 1974, excavations around the White Cloud Abbey uncovered remnants of city walls but three tombs from the
447:
was so eager to establish his legitimacy after his battle victory over the Shang that before dismounting from his chariot, he named the descendants of the Yellow
Emperor to the State of Ji. The 11th year of the reign of King Wu of Zhou approximates to
1087:. Outside of Ji, the Linshuo Palace was built in 609 to accommodate the emperor during his trips and to and from Korea. The brutal reign of Emperor Yang brought rebellions against the Sui dynasty. One of these, led by
547:, outside Xibianmen about 4 km north of Guang'anmen. South and west of Guang'anmen, archaeologists have unearthed remnants of concentrated human habitation dating back to at least the 400s
655:, appointing Zang Tu as the lord of Ji and Han Guang as the lord of nearby Liaodong. Han Guang refused to cede Ji to Zang Tu, who seized the city and killed Han Guang. Zang Tu then sided with
1114:(936–947 CE), Fanyang was an important military garrison and a commercial hub. To the north of the city lay the military region of Yingzhou (营州) with Daizhou (代州) to the west.
562:
in Beijing announced that archaeological efforts would accompany urban renewal constructions projects in southern Beijing to search for more artifacts of Ji in the pre-imperial era.
1541:
1375:, wrote to Duke of Yan to report that he had enough booty to fill two palaces and planned to bring home a new tree species to plant on the Hill of Ji, north of the city.
602:. To prevent the Warring States from regaining their power, the First Emperor ordered the walls of the old capitals be destroyed and Ji's walls were torn down in 215
1732:
786:
BC, Liu Jian's son, Liu Jian was appointed the Prince of Guangyang and the Guangyang Commandery became the Guangyang Principality. Liu Jian's tomb is now
1166:
and made Fanyang, Yanjing (燕京) or “the Yan Capital.” After the rebellion was suppressed, the seat of government became Youzhou Lulong Dudufu (幽州卢龙都督府).
828:, better known as the governor of Yizhou Province a few years later. After Liu Yan's reposting, Liu Yu became the commander of Yizhou. His subordinate,
1596:
719:
in the steppes. To tighten control of the region, the Emperor Gaozu sent his son Liu Jian to Ji as the Prince of Yan. After Liu Jian died in 181
1455:
992:. Murong Jun then defeated Ran Min and extinguished the Ran Wei. In 352, he declared himself emperor and made the city, the capital of the
1410:
467:, the neighboring State of Yan conquered Ji and made the city its capital. The Yan state eventually became one of the seven powers of the
1716:
623:
BC, a group of conscripts who were delayed in their march to the north by flooding in central China and faced penalty by death, rose in
1426:
1178:(907–1125), the city was renamed Nanjing (南京) and was the southern capital of Liao. It was also called Yanjing. In the following
809:, Youzhou was as one of 12 prefectures and contained a dozen subordinate commanderies, including the Guangyang Commandery. In AD
787:
1224:
1043:. Ji became the prefecture capital of Youzhou. This designation continued through the remainder of the Northern dynasties,
754:(刺史) or inspector. The city of Ji was the prefectural seat for Youzhou, which governed roughly the same territory as the
727:
controlled the Han court, and made her nephew Lü Tong as the Prince of Yan. When Empress Lü Zhi's regency ended in 179
699:
When the Han court began to purge former supporters of Xiang Yu, Zang Tu became fearful and rebelled. Liu Bang as the
543:. Historical accounts mention a "Hill of Ji" northwest of the city, which would correspond to the large mound at the
1771:
1449:
1420:
1347:
1318:
1298:
1278:
914:
421:
134:
49:
1486:
531:
The city of Ji is believed to be located in the southwestern part of present-day urban Beijing, just south of
825:
247:
was an ancient city in northern China, which has become the longest continuously inhabited section of modern
153:
65:
1560:
1031:
and seized Ji from the Former Qin. At around 398, the Former Yan governor of Ji, Gao Hu, surrendered to the
1154:, a military regional commander. In 742, Youzhou was renamed Fanyang Commandery (范阳郡). In 759, during the
400:
268:
1646:
1776:
1179:
370:
354:
762:. Youzhou was composed of the Shanggu, Zhuo, Guangyang, Bohai, Yuyang, Right Beiping, Liaoxi, Liaodong,
1111:
619:. The Qin conscripted men from throughout the country to be garrisoned at the forts north of Ji. In 209
1211:
902:
1203:
260:
31:
259:
BC. Archaeological finds in southwestern Beijing where Ji was believed to be located date to the
1134:
844:
Vermillion bird relief sculpture from the early Six Dynasties period (Wei Kingdom or Jin dynasty)
687:
Statue of man holding shield from an Eastern Han dynasty tomb discovered in the river bed of the
433:
and conferred titles to nobles within his domain, including the rulers of the city states Ji and
17:
984:
in 350. But before he could capture Ji, the city was taken by the Murong Xianbei, led by Prince
817:
moved Youzhou's prefectural seat from Ji County (in modern-day Tianjin) to the city of Ji. In AD
1722:
1182:(1115–1234), the city was called Zhongdu (中都), the central capital of the Jin. After the
660:
488:, which served as the Yan capital prior to Yan's conquest of Ji, (2) Linyi (临易) in present-day
342:
1263:
1138:
1096:
1008:
759:
468:
1781:
1155:
1084:
1075:, Youzhou became Zhuojun or Zhuo Commandery and Ji remained the capital of the commandery.
1012:
779:
774:
to subvert the throne. When the plot was foiled, Liu Dan was forced to commit suicide in 80
742:
appointed his son Liu Dan as the Prince of Yan. Liu Dan held the title for 38 years. In 106
700:
656:
599:
464:
460:
326:
898:, an irrigation system that greatly improved agricultural output in the plains around Ji.
8:
1080:
1076:
806:
747:
672:
558:
553:
330:
296:
1698:
1526:"北方军事重镇-汉唐经略东北的基地-民族大融合的魏晋十六国北朝时期" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage
1126:(蓟县) still exists today. In Beijing, the city of Ji gradually became known as Youzhou.
913:, the prefectural capital of Youzhou. In the early 4th century, the Western Jin dynasty
703:
personally led a campaign against Zang Tu in Ji. Zang Tu was defeated and killed in 206
552:
and tiles have been discovered, and the wells are most densely concentrated in south of
1229:
1123:
1040:
997:
938:
864:
624:
595:
430:
395:
Ji, marked on the map of the Warring States period, as the capital of the State of Yan.
304:
1186:
took the city, it was renamed Yanjing. After the Mongols razed it, a new city called
1016:
868:
770:
Commanderies. After Emperor Wu died, Liu Dan conspired with the Empress Gaichang and
767:
763:
739:
652:
544:
481:
832:, eventually attacked Youzhou and killed Liu Yu, becoming the commander of Fanyang.
821:
96, the city of Ji served as the seat of both the Guangyang Commandery and Youzhou.
724:
1499:
1163:
1015:, defeated the Former Yan and briefly unified northern China. But after losing the
926:
922:
872:
791:
731:
BC, Liu Ze became the Prince of Yan and his family ruled Ji for three generations.
692:
540:
536:
513:
489:
300:
196:
90:
1513:"北方军事重镇-汉唐经略东北的基地-东汉时期的幽州蓟城" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage
1591:"北方军事重镇-汉唐经略东北的基地-隋朝统治下的北京" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage
1564:
1401:
1351:
1322:
1302:
1282:
918:
579:
444:
426:
996:
Kingdom. Five years later, the Former Yan's capital was moved further south to
910:
876:
855:
688:
532:
512:(下都) or the "Lower Capital", a larger settlement south of Linyi, in modern-day
497:
404:
338:
292:
217:
111:
1663:
1590:
1577:
1525:
1512:
1388:
1765:
1747:
1734:
1650:
1207:
1183:
1142:
1052:
771:
668:
587:
508:
of Fangshan District, known as Zhongdu (中都), or the "Middle Capital" and (4)
439:
408:
334:
1063:
683:
1191:
1175:
1107:
1100:
1032:
1024:
493:
477:
434:
412:
362:
346:
322:
252:
203:
97:
1206:
government erected a commemorative pillar in Binhe Park along the western
1190:
was built adjacent to the former Jin capital which was the capital of the
1072:
1048:
1044:
1028:
977:
882:
The Wei court instituted offices in Youzhou to manage relations with the
829:
799:
755:
664:
616:
575:
521:
386:
358:
308:
288:
276:
272:
875:
of Beijing), Shanggu Commandery was governed from Juyong (in modern-day
840:
794:
of Beijing. His grandson Liu Jia was ousted from the principality after
1372:
1159:
1088:
1004:
993:
985:
965:
950:
942:
934:
930:
890:. To help sustain the troops garrisoned in Youzhou, the governor in AD
715:
BC, he became distrustful of Lu Wan and invaded Ji. Lu Wan fled to the
628:
505:
382:
1344:
1315:
1295:
1275:
1122:
in 730, the name Ji was transplanted from Beijing to Tianjin, where a
824:
Near the end of the Eastern Han dynasty, the commander of Fanyang was
163:
160:
144:
141:
72:
56:
1643:
1187:
1020:
989:
969:
954:
895:
795:
636:
416:
366:
1664:试论北京唐代墓志的地方特色" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage
365:
adjacent to Ji to the north. The old city of Ji became a suburb to
267:
BC). The city of Ji served as the capital of the ancient states of
1150:
906:
644:
632:
329:, the city of Ji took on the name Youzhou. Youzhou was one of the
972:, a Xianbei chieftain nominally loyal to the Jin dynasty. In 349,
1557:
1119:
981:
973:
946:
887:
859:
849:
814:
716:
640:
612:
485:
350:
284:
248:
1721:, 北京广播电视大学 (Beijing Radio Television University), archived from
1368:
1092:
1027:
and other kingdoms broke away. In 385, the Northern Yan, under
961:
883:
708:
647:, who succeeded in capturing the Qin capital at Xianyang in 207
391:
369:. In the Ming dynasty, the old and new cities were merged by
1141:
using Ji as the base of forward operating base. He built the
1091:
rose from Zhuojun and besieged Ji in 620 but was defeated by
1036:
509:
802:, Guangyang Principality became the Guangyou Principality.
750:
into 13 province-sized prefectures, each administered by a
607:
Mongolia and Manchuria. The First Emperor visited Ji in 215
929:
period, the city of Ji was successively controlled by the
1148:
From 710, the head of the government in Youzhou became a
980:
general seized control of this kingdom, which he renamed
615:, had the Qin Great Wall built north of Ji and fortified
251:. Historical mention of Ji dates to the founding of the
639:
revived the Yan Kingdom. Han Guang sent his subordinate
1079:
mobilized more than million men and women to build the
283:
BC. Thereafter, the city was a prefectural capital for
1099:'s insurrection against the Sui. Li Yuan founded the
1039:
clan of the Xianbei, who established the first of the
411:, and became one of the founding vassal states of the
222:
208:
116:
102:
1145:
in the western suburbs to commemorate the war dead.
452:
BC. The Beijing Municipal Government designates 1045
835:
707:BC. Emperor Gaozu appointed his childhood friend
1019:in 383, the Former Qin's control crumbled as the
1763:
1478:
919:steppe peoples who had settled in northern China
778:BC and the Principality of Yan was converted to
1601:
1599:
1518:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1276:"走进燕国 >> 燕都遗迹 >> 易都—容城南阳遗址、雄县古贤村遗址"
1083:to Zhuojun, to carry men and materiale for his
863:County, and was governed from the city of Ji.
30:"Yanjing" redirects here. For other uses, see
1536:
1534:
1500:Map of Youzhou during the Western Han Dynasty
314:
158:
139:
70:
54:
1552:
1550:
1371:, having conquered 70 cities of neighboring
456:BC as the first year of the city's history.
663:. After Liu Bang prevailed and founded the
651:BC. Xiang Yu then divided the country into
1531:
1316:"走进燕国 >> 燕都遗迹 >> 下都—河北易县燕下都遗址"
1288:
1067:Tang era Buddhist sculpture by Li Shourong
1547:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1058:
871:was governed from Yuyuang (in modern-day
611:BC and, to protect the frontier from the
590:completed his unification of China in 221
429:, in the 11th year of his reign, deposed
1062:
839:
682:
390:
1383:
1381:
901:Ji was demoted to a county seat in the
528:BC, the capital of Yan was back in Ji.
504:BC, (3) the ancient city of Doudian in
376:
14:
1764:
1328:
1296:"走进燕国 >> 燕都遗迹 >> 中都——窦店古城"
1197:
788:Dabaotai Western Han Dynasty Mausoleum
594:BC. The country was organized into 48
500:to which the seat of Yan moved in 690s
275:until the unification of China by the
1225:Western Zhou Yan State Capital Museum
798:'s seized the Han throne. During the
565:
1378:
1345:"走进燕国 >> 燕都遗迹 >> 上都——蓟城"
1308:
1268:
746:BC, Emperor Wu of Han organized the
635:. The rebellion spread to Ji, where
516:Province, that was built in the 300s
1617:According to the Taiwan edition of
24:
403:was inhabited by the tribe of the
25:
1793:
361:built a new capital city for the
311:. With the creation of a Jizhou
1714:
1605:
1482:
1445:
1416:
1162:declared himself emperor of the
867:was governed from Zhuo County.
1691:
1682:
1669:
1656:
1636:
1624:
1611:
1583:
1570:
1505:
1492:
1367:BC, the victorious Yan general
1169:
921:and established in a series of
836:Wei, Jin and Northern dynasties
1619:The Cambridge History of China
1394:
1357:
1256:
1247:
678:
659:, the lord of Sichuan, in the
570:
422:Records of the Grand Historian
223:
209:
159:
140:
117:
103:
71:
55:
27:Ancient city in northern China
13:
1:
1235:
598:. Ji was the capital of the
1621:, vol.3, Tang and Sui, p.219
1240:
1139:another war against Goguryeo
905:(晋), which made neighboring
711:as the Prince of Yan. In 195
667:, Zang Tu was appointed the
371:Beijing's Ming-era city wall
341:. The city then became the
7:
1218:
1095:, a Sui general who joined
923:mostly short-lived kingdoms
10:
1798:
1708:
1679:. Routledge, 2007. p. 136.
1677:Beijing: A Concise History
1402:"考古工作者搜寻蓟城遗址 锁定北京宣南工地(图)"
1085:campaigns against Goguryeo
968:Kingdom, captured Ji from
847:
380:
29:
1699:后奥运时期首都文博工作的发展分析与探讨 北京文博
1630:
459:At some time in the late
315:
234:
216:
202:
195:
190:
186:
171:
152:
133:
128:
110:
96:
89:
84:
80:
64:
48:
44:
39:
1772:Ancient Chinese capitals
1748:39.894262°N 116.382425°E
925:. During the so-called
627:under the leadership of
357:. In the 13th century,
261:Spring and Autumn period
135:Traditional Chinese
50:Traditional Chinese
32:Yanjing (disambiguation)
1110:(618–907 CE) and
723:BC, Gaozu's widow, the
653:Eighteen Principalities
355:Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
154:Simplified Chinese
66:Simplified Chinese
1068:
1059:Sui and Tang dynasties
845:
696:
520:BC. By the time, the
396:
1753:39.894262; 116.382425
1688:(Chinese) 2003-01-28
1542:魏晋十六国时期的幽州城, 北京城市历史地理
1066:
964:, the founder of the
843:
800:Wang Mang interregnum
760:Warring States period
686:
643:to help rebel leader
469:Warring States period
394:
377:Pre-Imperial history
1558:"北京城市行政区划述略" 《北京地方志》
1210:, just south of the
988:who swept down from
780:Guangyang Commandery
661:war against Xiang Yu
600:Guangyang Commandery
465:Eastern Zhou dynasty
461:Western Zhou dynasty
327:Tianjin Municipality
1744: /
1567:Accessed 2012-12-19
1502:Accessed 2012-12-19
1354:Accessed 2012-12-13
1325:Accessed 2012-12-13
1305:Accessed 2012-12-13
1285:Accessed 2012-12-13
1198:Modern significance
1194:(1279–1368).
1077:Emperor Yang of Sui
1000:in southern Hebei.
903:Western Jin dynasty
807:Eastern Han dynasty
748:Western Han dynasty
673:Principality of Yan
671:, and governed the
582:conquered Ji in 226
559:Eastern Han dynasty
437:. According to the
331:Sixteen Prefectures
297:Western Jin dynasty
1777:History of Beijing
1644:"古今的‘蓟县’，我今天才大概知道"
1563:2022-02-18 at the
1350:2016-04-11 at the
1321:2016-04-09 at the
1301:2013-12-30 at the
1281:2013-12-31 at the
1230:History of Beijing
1202:In 2002, the then-
1069:
1041:Northern dynasties
865:Fanyang Commandery
846:
697:
695:to the west of Ji.
566:Early Imperial Era
524:invaded Yan in 226
431:King Zhou of Shang
397:
305:Northern Dynasties
1164:Great Yan dynasty
1017:Battle of Feishui
909:, in present-day
869:Yuyang Commandery
740:Emperor Wu of Han
545:White Cloud Abbey
541:Fengtai Districts
482:Fangshan District
238:
237:
230:
229:
197:Standard Mandarin
124:
123:
91:Standard Mandarin
16:(Redirected from
1789:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1726:
1702:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1680:
1673:
1667:
1660:
1654:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1594:
1587:
1581:
1574:
1568:
1554:
1545:
1538:
1529:
1522:
1516:
1509:
1503:
1496:
1490:
1480:
1453:
1443:
1424:
1414:
1408:
1398:
1392:
1385:
1376:
1366:
1361:
1355:
1341:
1326:
1312:
1306:
1292:
1286:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1156:An–Shi Rebellion
927:Sixteen Kingdoms
893:
873:Huairou District
820:
812:
792:Fengtai District
785:
777:
745:
737:
730:
722:
714:
706:
693:Fengtai District
650:
622:
610:
605:
593:
585:
550:
527:
519:
514:Yi County, Hebei
503:
474:
455:
451:
401:city-state of Ji
343:southern capital
320:
318:
317:
301:Sixteen Kingdoms
282:
266:
258:
226:
225:
212:
211:
188:
187:
181:
178:
167:
166:
148:
147:
120:
119:
106:
105:
82:
81:
76:
75:
60:
59:
37:
36:
21:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1762:
1761:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1711:
1706:
1705:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1674:
1670:
1661:
1657:
1641:
1637:
1629:
1625:
1616:
1612:
1604:
1597:
1588:
1584:
1575:
1571:
1565:Wayback Machine
1555:
1548:
1539:
1532:
1523:
1519:
1510:
1506:
1497:
1493:
1481:
1456:
1444:
1427:
1415:
1411:
1399:
1395:
1386:
1379:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1352:Wayback Machine
1342:
1329:
1323:Wayback Machine
1313:
1309:
1303:Wayback Machine
1293:
1289:
1283:Wayback Machine
1273:
1269:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1221:
1212:Tianning Temple
1204:Xuanwu District
1200:
1172:
1135:Emperor Taizong
1061:
1003:In 369–70, the
891:
852:
838:
818:
810:
783:
775:
743:
735:
728:
720:
712:
704:
681:
648:
620:
608:
603:
591:
583:
573:
568:
548:
525:
517:
501:
472:
453:
449:
445:King Wu of Zhou
427:King Wu of Zhou
415:. According to
389:
379:
325:in what is now
312:
280:
264:
256:
179:
176:
172:Literal meaning
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1795:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1728:
1727:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1690:
1681:
1675:Haw, Stephen.
1668:
1655:
1649:2013-01-16 at
1635:
1623:
1610:
1595:
1582:
1569:
1546:
1530:
1517:
1504:
1491:
1487:"中央政府与地方势力的较量"
1454:
1425:
1409:
1393:
1377:
1356:
1327:
1307:
1287:
1267:
1255:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1220:
1217:
1199:
1196:
1171:
1168:
1060:
1057:
915:was overthrown
911:Hebei Province
894:250 built the
877:Yanqing County
860:Kingdom of Wei
856:Three Kingdoms
837:
834:
725:Empress Lü Zhi
689:Yongding River
680:
677:
572:
569:
567:
564:
498:Hebei Province
405:Yellow Emperor
378:
375:
339:Five Dynasties
293:Three Kingdoms
236:
235:
232:
231:
228:
227:
220:
214:
213:
206:
200:
199:
193:
192:
191:Transcriptions
184:
183:
173:
169:
168:
156:
150:
149:
137:
131:
130:
126:
125:
122:
121:
114:
108:
107:
100:
94:
93:
87:
86:
85:Transcriptions
78:
77:
68:
62:
61:
52:
46:
45:
42:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1794:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1760:
1757:
1725:on 2015-12-08
1724:
1720:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1700:
1694:
1685:
1678:
1672:
1665:
1659:
1652:
1651:archive.today
1648:
1645:
1639:
1632:
1627:
1620:
1614:
1607:
1602:
1600:
1592:
1586:
1579:
1573:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1553:
1551:
1543:
1537:
1535:
1527:
1521:
1514:
1508:
1501:
1495:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1406:
1405:
1397:
1390:
1389:"北京建城之始-燕蓟遗迹"
1384:
1382:
1374:
1370:
1360:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1311:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1291:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1250:
1246:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1208:2nd Ring Road
1205:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1146:
1144:
1143:Fayuan Temple
1140:
1136:
1133:In 645, Tang
1131:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1065:
1056:
1054:
1053:Northern Zhou
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1035:, led by the
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1001:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
958:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
899:
897:
889:
885:
880:
879:of Beijing).
878:
874:
870:
866:
861:
857:
851:
842:
833:
831:
827:
822:
816:
808:
803:
801:
797:
793:
789:
781:
773:
772:Sang Hongyang
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
741:
732:
726:
718:
710:
702:
701:Emperor Gaozu
694:
690:
685:
676:
674:
670:
669:Prince of Yan
666:
662:
658:
654:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
618:
614:
601:
597:
589:
588:First Emperor
581:
577:
563:
560:
555:
546:
542:
538:
534:
529:
523:
515:
511:
507:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
470:
466:
463:or the early
462:
457:
446:
442:
441:
440:Book of Rites
436:
432:
428:
424:
423:
418:
414:
410:
409:Shang dynasty
406:
402:
393:
388:
384:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
333:ceded to the
332:
328:
324:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
278:
274:
270:
262:
255:in about 1045
254:
250:
246:
242:
233:
221:
219:
215:
207:
205:
201:
198:
194:
189:
185:
174:
170:
165:
162:
157:
155:
151:
146:
143:
138:
136:
132:
127:
115:
113:
109:
101:
99:
95:
92:
88:
83:
79:
74:
69:
67:
63:
58:
53:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
19:
1729:
1723:the original
1717:
1693:
1684:
1676:
1671:
1658:
1638:
1626:
1618:
1613:
1585:
1572:
1520:
1507:
1494:
1412:
1403:
1396:
1359:
1310:
1290:
1270:
1258:
1249:
1201:
1192:Yuan dynasty
1176:Liao dynasty
1173:
1170:Liao dynasty
1149:
1147:
1132:
1128:
1116:
1108:Tang dynasty
1105:
1101:Tang dynasty
1070:
1033:Northern Wei
1025:Northern Wei
1002:
959:
900:
881:
853:
823:
804:
756:State of Yan
751:
733:
698:
596:commanderies
574:
530:
522:State of Qin
496:Counties of
480:in southern
478:Liulihe Site
458:
438:
420:
413:Zhou dynasty
398:
363:Yuan dynasty
351:main capital
347:Liao dynasty
323:Tang dynasty
287:through the
253:Zhou dynasty
244:
240:
239:
204:Hanyu Pinyin
98:Hanyu Pinyin
1782:Yan (state)
1751: /
1739:116°22′57″E
1653:20120-07-07
1450:“屏障中原的军事重镇”
1180:Jin dynasty
1106:During the
1081:Grand Canal
1073:Sui dynasty
1071:During the
1049:Northern Qi
1045:Eastern Wei
1029:Murong Chui
960:In 319 AD,
907:Zhuo County
854:During the
830:Gongsun Zan
805:During the
758:during the
679:Han dynasty
665:Han dynasty
617:Juyong Pass
586:BC and the
571:Qin dynasty
533:Guang'anmen
387:Yan (state)
359:Kublai Khan
337:during the
321:during the
309:Sui dynasty
289:Han dynasty
277:Qin dynasty
1766:Categories
1736:39°53′39″N
1701:2009-08-31
1697:(Chinese)
1666:2005-09-01
1662:(Chinese)
1642:(Chinese)
1593:2005-09-01
1580:2009-01-11
1576:(Chinese)
1556:(Chinese)
1544:2005-12-30
1540:(Chinese)
1528:2005-09-01
1515:2005-09-01
1498:(Chinese)
1407:2008-09-19
1400:(Chinese)
1391:2005-09-01
1387:(Chinese)
1343:(Chinese)
1314:(Chinese)
1294:(Chinese)
1274:(Chinese)
1262:(Chinese)
1236:References
1174:Under the
1160:Shi Siming
1089:Dou Jiande
1005:Former Qin
994:Former Yan
986:Murong Jun
978:ethnic Han
966:Later Zhao
951:Former Yan
943:Later Zhao
935:Former Qin
848:See also:
629:Chen Sheng
506:Liangxiang
383:Ji (state)
381:See also:
224:Chi-ch‘êng
218:Wade–Giles
112:Wade–Giles
1631:CASS 1985
1589:(Chinese)
1524:(Chinese)
1511:(Chinese)
1421:"三、燕都蓟城 "
1241:Citations
1137:launched
1124:Ji County
1112:Later Jin
1021:Later Yan
1007:, led by
990:Manchuria
970:Duan Pidi
955:Later Yan
896:Lilingyan
796:Wang Mang
675:from Ji.
637:Han Guang
625:rebellion
580:Wang Jian
554:Xuanwumen
490:Rongcheng
417:Sima Qian
349:and then
1647:Archived
1561:Archived
1348:Archived
1319:Archived
1299:Archived
1279:Archived
1219:See also
1151:jiedushi
657:Liu Bang
645:Xiang Yu
633:Wu Guang
578:general
471:(476–221
263:(771–476
1718:中国历史与文化
1709:Sources
1633:: 39-40
1253:《礼记•乐记》
1184:Mongols
1120:Tianjin
1097:Li Yuan
1009:Fu Jian
982:Ran Wei
974:Ran Min
947:Xianbei
888:Xianbei
850:Youzhou
826:Liu Yan
815:Liu Xiu
782:. In 73
717:Xiongnu
641:Zang Tu
613:Xiongnu
537:Xicheng
486:Beijing
407:in the
353:of the
345:of the
335:Khitans
285:Youzhou
249:Beijing
245:Jicheng
210:Jìchéng
129:Jicheng
18:Fanyang
1715:BTVU,
1578:北魏太和造像
1369:Yue Yi
1365:
1363:In 284
1093:Luo Yi
962:Shi Le
945:, the
937:, the
892:
884:Wuhuan
858:, the
819:
811:
784:
776:
768:Lelang
764:Xuantu
744:
736:
734:In 117
729:
721:
713:
709:Lu Wan
705:
649:
621:
609:
604:
592:
584:
549:
526:
518:
502:
473:
454:
450:
307:, and
281:
279:in 221
265:
257:
180:
177:
1264:蓟城纪念柱
1037:Tuoba
976:, an
949:-led
941:-led
933:-led
752:cishi
510:Xiadu
494:Xiong
1606:BTVU
1483:BTVU
1446:BTVU
1417:BTVU
1404:北京晚报
1188:Dadu
1051:and
1011:, a
953:and
886:and
813:24,
766:and
738:BC,
631:and
539:and
492:and
448:1145
399:The
385:and
367:Dadu
271:and
182:City
1608:, .
939:Jie
917:by
790:in
691:in
576:Qin
535:in
484:of
435:Yan
419:'s
273:Yan
243:or
118:Chi
1768::
1598:^
1549:^
1533:^
1485:,
1457:^
1448:,
1428:^
1419:,
1380:^
1373:Qi
1330:^
1158:,
1103:.
1055:.
1047:,
1023:,
1013:Di
998:Ye
957:.
931:Di
443:,
425:,
373:.
316:蓟州
303:,
299:,
295:,
291:,
269:Ji
241:Ji
175:Ji
104:Jì
40:Ji
1489:.
1452:.
1423:.
319:)
313:(
164:城
161:蓟
145:城
142:薊
73:蓟
57:薊
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.