31:
545:
2050:
176:
540:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}&m\propto E;\quad E={\frac {\text{molar mass}}{\text{valence}}}={\frac {M}{v}}\\&\implies m_{1}:m_{2}:m_{3}:\ldots =E_{1}:E_{2}:E_{3}:\ldots \\&\implies Z_{1}Q:Z_{2}Q:Z_{3}Q:\ldots =E_{1}:E_{2}:E_{3}:\ldots \\&\implies Z_{1}:Z_{2}:Z_{3}:\ldots =E_{1}:E_{2}:E_{3}:\ldots \end{aligned}}}
153:
discovered that when the same amount of electric current is passed through different electrolytes connected in series, the masses of the substances deposited or liberated at the electrodes are directly proportional to their respective chemical
841:
703:
1183:
134:
181:
1282:
985:
1034:
1083:
598:
915:
586:
142:, is called the electro-chemical equivalent (ECE) of the substance. Thus, the ECE can be defined as the mass of the substance deposited or liberated per unit charge.
1099:
769:
2025:
90:
17:
2020:
1655:
1575:
1853:
1815:
1602:
1967:
555:
A monovalent ion requires 1 electron for discharge, a divalent ion requires 2 electrons for discharge and so on. Thus, if
2084:
1466:
Ehl, Rosemary Gene; Ihde, Aaron (1954). "Faraday's
Electrochemical Laws and the Determination of Equivalent Weights".
1230:
2030:
1973:
1931:
1580:
2000:
1876:
1846:
1400:
71:
1705:
1616:
1946:
1759:
1640:
944:
1726:
1670:
996:
1630:
1595:
1329:- a process used to create metal copies of designs by depositing metal onto a mold using electroplating
1053:
2074:
2035:
1921:
1744:
1195:
891:
562:
2094:
2089:
2053:
1990:
1839:
1506:
1698:
1428:
66:) of a substance deposited or liberated at an electrode is directly proportional to the charge (
1378:
2079:
1693:
1660:
1588:
1364:
1307:- a process where a thin layer of metal is deposited onto the surface of an object using an
1540:
1475:
1313:
8:
1645:
1047:
859:
836:{\displaystyle Z={\frac {m}{Q}}={\frac {1}{F}}\left({\frac {M}{v}}\right)={\frac {E}{F}}}
698:{\displaystyle m={\frac {xM}{vN_{\rm {A}}}}={\frac {QM}{eN_{\rm {A}}v}}={\frac {QM}{vF}}}
1544:
1479:
1936:
1749:
1680:
1675:
1448:
1354:
2015:
1452:
1321:
1317:
738:
718:
155:
2005:
1995:
1941:
1891:
1805:
1784:
1710:
1610:
1548:
1483:
1440:
1347:- a process that coverts the surface of a metal into a durable corrosion-resistant
1308:
925:
751:
44:
1916:
1911:
1862:
1635:
1424:
1358:
48:
34:
30:
2010:
1881:
1685:
1665:
1405:
1338:
1332:
1304:
82:
1341:- a process that deposits metal onto a mold or substrate to create metal parts
1335:- a process that extract metals from their solutions using an electric current
1205:
In the more complicated case of a variable electric current, the total charge
1094:
For the case of an alloy whose constituents have different valencies, we have
2068:
1951:
1729:
1326:
1178:{\displaystyle m={\frac {It}{F\times \sum _{i}{\frac {w_{i}v_{i}}{M_{i}}}}}}
1926:
1886:
1612:
1444:
1395:
1901:
1820:
1810:
1367:- a process that uses an electric current to split water molecules into
1650:
851:
1487:
1774:
1769:
1552:
1382:
1344:
1754:
1739:
1368:
854:
of the substance (usually given in SI units of grams per mole) and
1831:
1764:
1734:
1779:
1372:
129:{\displaystyle m\propto Q\quad \implies \quad {\frac {m}{Q}}=Z}
78:
75:
1896:
1465:
1348:
1789:
863:
1531:
Strong, F. C. (1961). "Faraday's Laws in One
Equation".
1385:
that uses an electrolytic solution as one of its plates
733:
is the total charge, equal to the number of electrons (
1064:
896:
567:
1233:
1102:
1056:
999:
947:
894:
772:
601:
565:
179:
93:
2026:
Institute of
Physics Michael Faraday Medal and Prize
1090:
is the total time the constant current was applied.
1276:
1177:
1077:
1028:
979:
909:
835:
697:
580:
539:
128:
2066:
1433:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
1277:{\displaystyle Q=\int _{0}^{t}I(\tau )\,d\tau }
1572:, third edition (2005), principles of physics.
2021:Royal Society of London Michael Faraday Prize
1847:
1596:
1530:
888:are constants; thus, the larger the value of
873:are constants; thus, the larger the value of
1507:"Faraday's laws of electrolysis | chemistry"
43:are quantitative relationships based on the
1854:
1840:
1603:
1589:
445:
441:
337:
333:
238:
234:
108:
104:
1267:
162:). This turns out to be the molar mass (
1816:Standard electrode potential (data page)
29:
1423:
138:Here, the constant of proportionality,
14:
2067:
1835:
1584:
1968:Royal Institution Christmas Lectures
1501:
1499:
1497:
763:Faraday's laws can be summarized by
758:
1861:
980:{\displaystyle m={\frac {ItM}{Fv}}}
24:
1720:Materials produced by electrolysis
1562:
1029:{\displaystyle n={\frac {It}{Fv}}}
660:
628:
25:
18:Faraday's law of electrolysis
2106:
1494:
1078:{\displaystyle n={\tfrac {m}{M}}}
27:Physical laws of electrochemistry
2049:
2048:
2031:Faraday Medal (electrochemistry)
1974:The Chemical History of a Candle
917:(equivalent weight), the larger
1298:
1050:("number of moles") liberated:
924:In the simple case of constant-
910:{\displaystyle {\tfrac {M}{v}}}
581:{\displaystyle {\tfrac {x}{v}}}
197:
109:
103:
1907:Faraday's laws of electrolysis
1656:Electrolysis of carbon dioxide
1576:Experiment with Faraday's laws
1523:
1459:
1417:
1264:
1258:
442:
334:
235:
105:
41:Faraday's laws of electrolysis
13:
1:
2001:Faraday Building (Manchester)
1932:Faraday's ice pail experiment
1533:Journal of Chemical Education
1529:For a similar treatment, see
1468:Journal of Chemical Education
1429:"on Electrical Decomposition"
1411:
550:
145:
1706:Electrochemical fluorination
1617:Standard electrode potential
54:
7:
1760:Hydrogen evolution reaction
1389:
10:
2111:
1877:Faraday's law of induction
1631:Betts electrolytic process
1568:Serway, Moses, and Moyer,
1401:Faraday's law of induction
884:For Faraday's second law,
166:) divided by the valence (
2085:Electrochemical equations
2044:
2036:Faraday Lectureship Prize
1983:
1960:
1922:Faraday-efficiency effect
1869:
1798:
1719:
1623:
869:For Faraday's first law,
2054:Category:Michael Faraday
1991:Michael Faraday Memorial
1361:that conduct electricity
1209:is the electric current
62:reported that the mass (
1641:Castner–Kellner process
1511:Encyclopedia Britannica
1379:Electrolytic capacitors
588:atoms are discharged.
1624:Electrolytic processes
1445:10.1098/rstl.1834.0008
1278:
1179:
1079:
1030:
981:
911:
837:
699:
582:
541:
130:
47:research published by
37:
1661:Electrolysis of water
1314:Electrochemical cells
1279:
1220:integrated over time
1180:
1080:
1031:
982:
912:
838:
700:
583:
542:
131:
33:
1671:Hall–Héroult process
1611:Articles related to
1231:
1100:
1054:
997:
945:
892:
770:
599:
563:
177:
91:
1646:Chloralkali process
1545:1961JChEd..38...98S
1480:1954JChEd..31..226E
1295:electrolysis time.
1254:
1048:amount of substance
1937:Faraday efficiency
1750:Electrolysed water
1681:Kolbe electrolysis
1676:Hofmann voltameter
1365:Water electrolysis
1355:Conducive polymers
1322:chemical reactions
1274:
1240:
1175:
1135:
1075:
1073:
1026:
977:
907:
905:
833:
695:
578:
576:
537:
535:
126:
38:
2062:
2061:
2016:IET Faraday Medal
1829:
1828:
1488:10.1021/ed031p226
1318:electrical energy
1173:
1170:
1126:
1072:
1024:
975:
904:
831:
814:
800:
787:
759:Mathematical form
739:elementary charge
719:Avogadro constant
693:
670:
635:
575:
225:
212:
211:
208:
156:equivalent weight
118:
16:(Redirected from
2102:
2075:Electrochemistry
2052:
2051:
2006:Faraday (crater)
1996:Faraday Building
1942:Electrochemistry
1892:Faraday constant
1856:
1849:
1842:
1833:
1832:
1806:Electrochemistry
1785:Sodium hydroxide
1711:Wohlwill process
1605:
1598:
1591:
1582:
1581:
1557:
1556:
1553:10.1021/ed038p98
1527:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1503:
1492:
1491:
1474:(May): 226–232.
1463:
1457:
1456:
1425:Faraday, Michael
1421:
1359:organic polymers
1309:electric current
1290:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1253:
1248:
1223:
1219:
1208:
1201:
1193:
1184:
1182:
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1176:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1169:
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1159:
1158:
1157:
1148:
1147:
1137:
1134:
1118:
1110:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1065:
1045:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1015:
1007:
986:
984:
983:
978:
976:
974:
966:
955:
937:
920:
916:
914:
913:
908:
906:
897:
887:
880:
876:
872:
857:
849:
842:
840:
839:
834:
832:
824:
819:
815:
807:
801:
793:
788:
780:
752:Faraday constant
749:
743:
736:
732:
716:
704:
702:
701:
696:
694:
692:
684:
676:
671:
669:
665:
664:
663:
649:
641:
636:
634:
633:
632:
631:
617:
609:
594:
587:
585:
584:
579:
577:
568:
559:electrons flow,
558:
546:
544:
543:
538:
536:
526:
525:
513:
512:
500:
499:
481:
480:
468:
467:
455:
454:
437:
427:
426:
414:
413:
401:
400:
379:
378:
363:
362:
347:
346:
329:
319:
318:
306:
305:
293:
292:
274:
273:
261:
260:
248:
247:
230:
226:
218:
213:
209:
206:
205:
183:
169:
165:
161:
141:
135:
133:
132:
127:
119:
111:
69:
65:
21:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2095:Michael Faraday
2090:Scientific laws
2065:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2040:
1979:
1956:
1917:Faraday rotator
1912:Faraday paradox
1865:
1863:Michael Faraday
1860:
1830:
1825:
1794:
1775:Potassium metal
1770:Magnesium metal
1715:
1636:Castner process
1619:
1609:
1565:
1563:Further reading
1560:
1528:
1524:
1515:
1513:
1505:
1504:
1495:
1464:
1460:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1392:
1301:
1288:
1249:
1244:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1221:
1210:
1206:
1199:
1194:represents the
1192:
1188:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1130:
1119:
1111:
1109:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1087:
1063:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1043:
1016:
1008:
1006:
998:
995:
994:
967:
956:
954:
946:
943:
942:
929:
918:
895:
893:
890:
889:
885:
878:
874:
870:
855:
847:
823:
806:
802:
792:
779:
771:
768:
767:
761:
747:
741:
734:
724:
715:
709:
685:
677:
675:
659:
658:
654:
650:
642:
640:
627:
626:
622:
618:
610:
608:
600:
597:
596:
592:
591:Thus, the mass
566:
564:
561:
560:
556:
553:
534:
533:
521:
517:
508:
504:
495:
491:
476:
472:
463:
459:
450:
446:
435:
434:
422:
418:
409:
405:
396:
392:
374:
370:
358:
354:
342:
338:
327:
326:
314:
310:
301:
297:
288:
284:
269:
265:
256:
252:
243:
239:
228:
227:
217:
204:
180:
178:
175:
174:
167:
163:
159:
148:
139:
110:
92:
89:
88:
67:
63:
60:Michael Faraday
57:
49:Michael Faraday
45:electrochemical
35:Michael Faraday
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2108:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2011:Faraday Future
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1970:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1882:Faraday effect
1879:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1859:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1836:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1688:
1686:Hoopes process
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1666:Electrowinning
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1608:
1607:
1600:
1593:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1570:Modern Physics
1564:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1522:
1493:
1458:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1406:Tafel equation
1403:
1398:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1376:
1362:
1352:
1342:
1339:Electroforming
1336:
1333:Electrowinning
1330:
1324:
1311:
1305:Electroplating
1300:
1297:
1285:
1284:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1190:
1167:
1163:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1142:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1117:
1114:
1108:
1105:
1092:
1091:
1085:
1071:
1068:
1062:
1059:
1037:
1036:
1022:
1019:
1014:
1011:
1005:
1002:
988:
987:
973:
970:
965:
962:
959:
953:
950:
928:electrolysis,
903:
900:
844:
843:
830:
827:
822:
818:
813:
810:
805:
799:
796:
791:
786:
783:
778:
775:
760:
757:
756:
755:
745:
722:
713:
691:
688:
683:
680:
674:
668:
662:
657:
653:
648:
645:
639:
630:
625:
621:
616:
613:
607:
604:
595:discharged is
574:
571:
552:
549:
548:
547:
532:
529:
524:
520:
516:
511:
507:
503:
498:
494:
490:
487:
484:
479:
475:
471:
466:
462:
458:
453:
449:
444:
440:
438:
436:
433:
430:
425:
421:
417:
412:
408:
404:
399:
395:
391:
388:
385:
382:
377:
373:
369:
366:
361:
357:
353:
350:
345:
341:
336:
332:
330:
328:
325:
322:
317:
313:
309:
304:
300:
296:
291:
287:
283:
280:
277:
272:
268:
264:
259:
255:
251:
246:
242:
237:
233:
231:
229:
224:
221:
216:
203:
200:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
182:
147:
144:
125:
122:
117:
114:
107:
102:
99:
96:
56:
53:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2107:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2055:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1953:
1952:Line of force
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1852:
1850:
1845:
1843:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1765:Lithium metal
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1735:Calcium metal
1733:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1606:
1601:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1526:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1462:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1420:
1416:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1327:Electrotyping
1325:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1296:
1294:
1271:
1268:
1261:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1217:
1213:
1203:
1202:-th element.
1197:
1196:mass fraction
1185:
1165:
1161:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1140:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1115:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1095:
1086:
1069:
1066:
1060:
1057:
1049:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1020:
1017:
1012:
1009:
1003:
1000:
993:
992:
991:
971:
968:
963:
960:
957:
951:
948:
941:
940:
939:
938:, leading to
936:
932:
927:
922:
901:
898:
882:
877:, the larger
867:
865:
861:
853:
828:
825:
820:
816:
811:
808:
803:
797:
794:
789:
784:
781:
776:
773:
766:
765:
764:
753:
746:
740:
731:
727:
723:
720:
712:
708:
707:
706:
689:
686:
681:
678:
672:
666:
655:
651:
646:
643:
637:
623:
619:
614:
611:
605:
602:
589:
572:
569:
530:
527:
522:
518:
514:
509:
505:
501:
496:
492:
488:
485:
482:
477:
473:
469:
464:
460:
456:
451:
447:
439:
431:
428:
423:
419:
415:
410:
406:
402:
397:
393:
389:
386:
383:
380:
375:
371:
367:
364:
359:
355:
351:
348:
343:
339:
331:
323:
320:
315:
311:
307:
302:
298:
294:
289:
285:
281:
278:
275:
270:
266:
262:
257:
253:
249:
244:
240:
232:
222:
219:
214:
201:
198:
194:
191:
188:
185:
173:
172:
171:
157:
152:
143:
136:
123:
120:
115:
112:
100:
97:
94:
86:
84:
80:
77:
73:
61:
52:
50:
46:
42:
36:
32:
19:
2080:Electrolysis
1972:
1947:Faraday disc
1927:Faraday wave
1906:
1887:Faraday cage
1780:Sodium metal
1730:(extraction)
1690:Dow process
1613:electrolysis
1569:
1536:
1532:
1525:
1514:. Retrieved
1510:
1471:
1467:
1461:
1436:
1432:
1419:
1396:Electrolysis
1381:- a type of
1316:- generates
1299:Applications
1292:
1286:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1186:
1096:
1093:
1038:
990:and then to
989:
934:
930:
923:
883:
868:
845:
762:
737:) times the
729:
725:
710:
590:
554:
150:
149:
137:
87:
59:
58:
40:
39:
1902:Faraday cup
1821:Electrology
1811:Gas cracker
1345:Anodization
154:equivalent/
2069:Categories
1651:Downs cell
1516:2020-09-01
1439:: 77–122.
1412:References
852:molar mass
551:Derivation
207:molar mass
146:Second law
74:units are
1727:Aluminium
1699:Magnesium
1539:(2): 98.
1453:116224057
1383:capacitor
1272:τ
1262:τ
1242:∫
1128:∑
1124:×
921:will be.
881:will be.
531:…
486:…
443:⟹
432:…
387:…
335:⟹
324:…
279:…
236:⟹
189:∝
106:⟹
98:∝
55:First law
51:in 1833.
1961:Lectures
1799:See also
1755:Fluorine
1740:Chlorine
1427:(1834).
1390:See also
1369:hydrogen
83:coulombs
1984:Related
1870:Physics
1694:Bromine
1541:Bibcode
1476:Bibcode
1291:is the
1198:of the
1046:is the
1039:where:
926:current
886:Q, F, v
871:M, F, v
862:of the
860:valency
858:is the
850:is the
750:is the
717:is the
705:where
210:valence
151:Faraday
79:seconds
1745:Copper
1451:
1373:oxygen
1222:τ
1216:τ
1187:where
846:where
76:ampere
1897:Farad
1449:S2CID
1375:gases
1351:layer
1349:oxide
1320:from
1293:total
1287:Here
1790:Zinc
1371:and
864:ions
1549:doi
1484:doi
1441:doi
1437:124
85:).
81:or
2071::
1615:/
1547:.
1537:38
1535:.
1509:.
1496:^
1482:.
1472:31
1470:.
1447:.
1435:.
1431:.
1357:-
1224::
935:It
933:=
866:.
730:xe
728:=
170:)
72:SI
70:;
1855:e
1848:t
1841:v
1604:e
1597:t
1590:v
1555:.
1551::
1543::
1519:.
1490:.
1486::
1478::
1455:.
1443::
1289:t
1269:d
1265:)
1259:(
1256:I
1251:t
1246:0
1238:=
1235:Q
1218:)
1214:(
1212:I
1207:Q
1200:i
1191:i
1189:w
1166:i
1162:M
1155:i
1151:v
1145:i
1141:w
1132:i
1121:F
1116:t
1113:I
1107:=
1104:m
1088:t
1070:M
1067:m
1061:=
1058:n
1044:n
1021:v
1018:F
1013:t
1010:I
1004:=
1001:n
972:v
969:F
964:M
961:t
958:I
952:=
949:m
931:Q
919:m
902:v
899:M
879:m
875:Q
856:v
848:M
829:F
826:E
821:=
817:)
812:v
809:M
804:(
798:F
795:1
790:=
785:Q
782:m
777:=
774:Z
754:.
748:F
744:;
742:e
735:x
726:Q
721:;
714:A
711:N
690:F
687:v
682:M
679:Q
673:=
667:v
661:A
656:N
652:e
647:M
644:Q
638:=
629:A
624:N
620:v
615:M
612:x
606:=
603:m
593:m
573:v
570:x
557:x
528::
523:3
519:E
515::
510:2
506:E
502::
497:1
493:E
489:=
483::
478:3
474:Z
470::
465:2
461:Z
457::
452:1
448:Z
429::
424:3
420:E
416::
411:2
407:E
403::
398:1
394:E
390:=
384::
381:Q
376:3
372:Z
368::
365:Q
360:2
356:Z
352::
349:Q
344:1
340:Z
321::
316:3
312:E
308::
303:2
299:E
295::
290:1
286:E
282:=
276::
271:3
267:m
263::
258:2
254:m
250::
245:1
241:m
223:v
220:M
215:=
202:=
199:E
195:;
192:E
186:m
168:v
164:M
160:E
158:(
140:Z
124:Z
121:=
116:Q
113:m
101:Q
95:m
68:Q
64:m
20:)
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