February 26 incident

3999:, most notably Ishiwara and Akira Mutō, began a purge of the military. Of the twelve full generals in the army, nine were removed from active service by the end of April, including Kōdō-ha members Araki, Mazaki, Kawashima and Honjō. At the same time, other Kōdō-ha officers and their supporters were either removed from active service or sent to positions away from the capital, where they would be less able to influence policy. Among these were Yamashita, Kashii, Kofuji, Hori, Hashimoto and Yanagawa. Although other, non-Kōdō-ha officers were also targeted to a limited extent, the focus of the actions was clearly on eliminating Kōdō-ha influence. Almost every high-ranking officer who had helped support the Righteous Army during the uprising was therefore affected. 3208:, with his family. Arriving at 05:45, they stationed two men outside, then entered the inn with weapons drawn, at which point policemen stationed inside opened fire, beginning a lengthy gunfight. A policeman notified Makino and his party of the attack and led them to a rear entrance. The assassins fired upon the group as they left, but did not realize that Makino had managed to escape. Kōno was wounded in the chest during the gunfire and one policeman, Yoshitaka Minagawa, was killed. As Kōno was carried from the fighting, the assassins set fire to the building. Hearing a single shot, Kōno believed Makino had shot himself inside the burning building. The men took Kōno to a nearby military hospital where all were arrested by 143: 3698:

but explained that he could do nothing until they returned to their units. He also stated that he would fight them himself if they went against the Emperor's wishes. The rebels replied that if they received a formal order to return, they would of course obey it. Following the meeting, both Mazaki and the rebel officers were relieved. Mazaki believed the rebel officers would leave without violence and the rebels were apparently convinced that a Mazaki cabinet would be formed shortly after they did so. Kashii issued orders for the troops to stay the night in the buildings they had occupied and reported to the Emperor that the situation would be resolved by the morning.

3971:. Until this point reserve and retired officers had been allowed to serve in these positions. This demand was accepted and authorized by imperial commands on 18 May. This change would have far-reaching implications for the Japanese government, as it effectively gave veto power over government policies to the military services. By asking a minister to resign and refusing to appoint a new officer to serve as his replacement, the services could cause a government to fall at their pleasure. This fate would, in fact, meet Hirota less than a year later when Terauchi resigned over Hirota's refusal to dissolve the 36: 3332:. A group of the soldiers surrounded the policemen on guard, who surrendered. Five men, including Sakai, entered the residence and found Saitō and his wife Haruko on the second floor in their bedroom. They shot Saitō, who fell to the ground dead. His wife covered him with her body and told the soldiers, "Please kill me instead!" They pulled her off and continued to fire at Saitō. Haruko was wounded by a stray bullet. Following Saitō's death, two officers led a group of men to attack General Watanabe. The rest left to assume a position northeast of the Ministry of War. 156: 4008: 3084:

hiding by his brother-in-law, Colonel Denzō Matsuo. Matsuo, who was said to have resembled Okada, was then discovered and killed by the troops. The soldiers compared Matsuo's wounded face to a picture of the prime minister and concluded that they had succeeded in their mission. Okada escaped the next day, but this fact was kept a secret and he played no further role in the incident. After Matsuo's death, Kurihara's men assumed guard positions around the compound. They were joined by sixty men from the 3rd Imperial Guard (see below).

3069: 3839: 3353: 3635: 3631:) ill and away from the capital, Vice Chief of Staff Sugiyama had full control. Sugiyama, a member of the Tōsei-ha, had from the beginning favored the forcible removal of the rebel occupation of the capital. His unwillingness to accept a new cabinet and present a united front with the SMC to the Emperor would ultimately be a major factor in the uprising's collapse. Initially concerned about the uncertainty of the situation, however, he only called in reinforcements from outside Tokyo. 3450: 281: 270: 259: 248: 237: 216: 205: 2681:. However, once it was clear that the officers were determined to act anyway, they moved to support them. Another barrier to be overcome was opposition to the involvement of troops from Teruzō Andō, who had sworn an oath to his commander not to involve his men in any direct action. Andō's position in the 3rd Infantry Regiment (the largest source of troops) was essential to the plot, so Muranaka and Nonaka spoke with him repeatedly, ultimately wearing down his resistance. 3315:

Nakahashi had difficulty contacting his allies, however, and by 08:00 Honma had learned of his involvement in the uprising. Nakahashi was ordered at gunpoint to leave the palace grounds. He did so, joining Kurihara at the Prime Minister's Residence. His soldiers remained at the gate until they were relieved at 13:00, at which point they returned to their barracks. For this reason, these 75 soldiers were not included in the government's official tally of rebel forces.

3822:

the building and called for Nonaka to come outside. Shortly afterwards, Nonaka shot himself. Isobe claimed that Nonaka was forced to commit suicide in an attempt to pressure the rest of the officers to do the same. The final rebel officer to commit suicide was Kōno, still hospitalized from the failed attack on Makino, who stabbed himself with a knife a week later. The remaining officers were arrested by military police at 18:00. They were all stripped of their rank.

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to fight. Kofuji learned this at 14:00, when he finally attempted to gather the officers to read them the imperial command and they refused to return to their units (the orders had to be formally given in order to be valid). Soon after, at 16:00, Martial Law Headquarters announced that force would be used and the rebel troops were removed from Kofuji's command at 18:00. At 23:00 orders went out to begin preparations at 05:00 on 29 February for a general attack.

2552: 3711: 3831: 3776: 3405: 3252: 3370: 3620:

especially from the Army General Staff and navy. Many within the army were pleased by the assassinations because they had removed a number of the army's opponents within the government. However, they could not accept the more radical social ideas included within a "Shōwa Restoration" and were not disposed to accept a Kōdō-ha-dominated cabinet. Others, such as Kanji Ishiwara, were infuriated at the rebel officers' use of troops without authorization.

3784: 3498: 3568: 3675:. The Emperor and Sugiyama's opposition had prevented the achievement of its primary goal: the appointment of a military-dominated cabinet centered around Mazaki. Although the Righteous Army had managed to achieve a degree of official recognition for their actions, it was obvious that they could not occupy their positions indefinitely. Their presence was their strongest bargaining chip, but even their supporters felt that it needed to end. 742: 126: 2946: 5527: 3023: 3088: 3726:

day, demanding to know if the rebels had been suppressed. When Honjō spoke in defense of the officers' motives, the Emperor angrily replied "killing my ministers is tantamount to strangling me with cotton wool" and added that the rebels deserved no leniency. At one point, Hirohito became so impatient he threatened to assume personal command of the Imperial Guard and order them to attack the rebels himself.

3262: 3599:

charged them with maintaining law and order in their area. Thus, the rebel officers were no longer acting illegally by occupying their positions. As with the earlier Minister of War's Proclamation, this order was later justified as an attempt to convince the rebel officers to end their occupation. The officers were, however, encouraged by the act and convinced that they were on the verge of success.

481: 3311:, and he told the commander of the palace guard, Major Kentarō Honma, that he had been dispatched to reinforce the gates because of the attacks earlier that morning. Honma had been informed of the attacks, so he found Nakahashi's arrival unsurprising. Nakahashi was assigned to help secure the Sakashita Gate, the main entrance to the grounds directly in front of the Kyūden (the Emperor's residence). 3916:

Major-General Isao Yoshida, protested to the Ministry of War that the charges were improper. However, the Tōsei-ha generals now dominant in the IJA had decided that the two men's influence had to be eliminated; Yoshida later wrote another judge to tell him that regardless of the lack of evidence, it had been decided that the two must die. They were sentenced to death on 14 August 1937.

574:(a graduate school for midlevel officers). The latter group formed the elite of the officer corps, while officers of the former group were effectively barred by tradition from advancement to higher-level staff positions. A number of these lesser-privileged officers formed the army's contribution to the young, highly politicized group often referred to as the "young officers" 2654:, as Aizawa and the Kokutai Genri-ha leadership, in collusion with the judges, turned it into a soapbox from which their ideology could be broadcast. Aizawa's supporters in the mass media praised his "morality and patriotism", and Aizawa himself came to be seen as "a simple soldier who sought only to reform the army and the nation according to the true National Principle." 3754:

when 10:00 passed without any word of movement by the rebel officers, they approved the use of force. However, when Hori and Kofuji came to see Kashii at 10:40, the three agreed that it was too early to enact the imperial command. It has also been suggested that a lack of preparedness on the part of government forces was another factor. Either way, the action was delayed.

3277:; sources differ), marched to Takahashi's personal residence. There he split his men in half and took one group to attack the residence while having the other stand guard outside. After the men smashed their way into the compound, confused servants led Nakahashi and Lieutenant Kanji Nakajima to Takahashi's bedroom. There, Nakahashi shot the sleeping Takahashi with his 3896:, the rebel officers argued that their actions had been approved by the Minister of War's Proclamation and their incorporation into the martial law forces, and that they had never been formally presented with the imperial command. The verdicts were handed down on 4 June and the sentences on 5 July: all were found guilty and seventeen were 2627:(November Incident) and its consequences. In this incident, Captain Takaji Muranaka and Captain Asaichi Isobe, prominent members of the Kokutai Genri-ha, were arrested for planning a coup with a group of military cadets. Muranaka and Isobe admitted discussing such a coup, but denied having any plans to actually carry it out. The 3526:, Vice Chief of Staff. The SMC, while a prestigious part of the IJA, had little function in peacetime and had therefore become a body to which high-ranking officers could be appointed without actually granting them power. For this reason, by 1936 a number of Kōdō-ha generals, including Araki and Mazaki, had been made members. 3510:, stabilize national life, and fulfill national defense." The Emperor refused and demanded that Kawashima suppress the uprising. When the remaining members of Okada's government, unaware that he was alive, attempted to resign that afternoon, Hirohito told them he would not allow it until the uprising had been suppressed. 455:. Their supporters in the army made attempts to capitalize on their actions, but divisions within the military, combined with Imperial anger at the coup, meant they were unable to achieve a change of government. Facing overwhelming opposition as the army moved against them, the rebels surrendered on 29 February. 3810:. The broadcasts and leaflets assured soldiers it was not too late to return to their units and informed them of the imperial command. (The broadcasts would cause later problems, for they had promised all crimes would be forgiven.) These efforts, together with the hopeless odds, had a devastating effect. 3396:. Takahashi then rushed forward and stabbed Watanabe with his sword. Watanabe's nine-year-old daughter, Kazuko, witnessed his death as she hid behind a table nearby. The soldiers then boarded their trucks and left, taking their two wounded to a hospital, then assuming a position in northern Nagatachō. 3919:

The only significant military figure to be tried for involvement in the uprising was Mazaki, charged with collaborating with the rebel officers. Although his own testimony showed him to be guilty of the charge, he was found not guilty on 25 September 1937. This has been attributed to the influence of

3766:

Not all the rebels had been prepared to commit suicide. Andō had been infuriated at the idea, yelling that "the generals want to use us as footstools and have us kill ourselves". His rejection of the idea and the Emperor's refusal led to a change of heart among the officers. By 13:30 they had decided

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and the NCOs would take the soldiers back to their barracks. Yamashita, joined by Kawashima, immediately went to the Imperial Palace, where he informed Honjō of the officers' request for the Imperial Command for their suicide, perceived to be the only honourable way out for them. Honjō, thinking this

3757:

Yamashita visited the Ministry of War at 12:00 and told the rebel officers that the issuance of the imperial command was merely a matter of time and that they should "take responsibility". Hori joined the group at 12:30 and confirmed Yamashita's words. Shortly after, Kurihara, speaking for the group,

3529:

The authority of this meeting was disputed; it had not been convened by the Emperor, and Sugiyama argued that it had no authority. Araki countered that the "elders of the army" had a moral obligation to resolve the situation. The Kōdō-ha members and their supporters controlled a clear majority of the

2924:

The first four mentioned in the above list survived the attempted coup. Saionji, Saitō, Suzuki and Makino were targeted because they were the most influential Imperial advisers. Okada and Takahashi were moderate political leaders who had worked to restrain the military. Finally, Watanabe was targeted

3706:

However, unknown to Kashii, Mazaki and the rebel officers, Sugiyama had already asked the Emperor at 08:20 to issue an imperial command authorizing the use of force against the Righteous Army. This was immediately granted and issued to Sugiyama, to be released at his discretion. Addressed to Kashii,

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and Yoshikazu Nishi), arrived at the Ministry of War at 16:00. Gathered there were all the rebel officers except Andō and Kurihara, who were in charge of the troops outside, and Kōno, who was still hospitalized. The rebels told Mazaki that they were entrusting everything to him. Mazaki thanked them,

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and member of the Kōdō-ha, at about 05:00. Honjō then contacted his subordinates and the chief of the military police and headed to the palace. The Emperor himself learned of the incident at 05:40 and met with Honjō shortly after 06:00. He told Honjō to end the incident, although he was not specific

3412:

Captain Shirō Nonaka took nearly a third of all the rebels' troops, 500 men from the 3rd Infantry Regiment, to attack the headquarters of the Tokyo Metropolitan Police, located directly south of the Imperial Palace, with the goal of securing its communication equipment and preventing the dispatch of

3348:

with his sword, when Suzuki's wife pleaded to be allowed to do it herself. Believing Suzuki to be mortally wounded, Andō agreed. He apologized to her, explaining that it was done for the sake of the nation. He then ordered his men to salute Suzuki and they left to guard the Miyakezaka junction north

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The Kokutai Genri-ha had long supported a violent uprising against the government. The decision to finally act in February 1936 was caused by two factors. The first was the decision announced in December 1935 to transfer the 1st Division, to which most of the Kokutai Genri-ha's officers belonged, to

2635:, but Muranaka and Isobe were suspended by the army. The two were convinced that the incident was a Tōsei-ha attack on the young officers and began circulating a pamphlet calling for a "housecleaning" of the IJA and naming Tetsuzan Nagata as the "chief villain". They were then expelled from the IJA. 712:

The exact nature of the relationship between the Kōdō-ha and the Kokutai Genri-ha was complicated, with historians treating the two factions either as the same entity or as two groups forming a larger whole. However, contemporary accounts and the writings of members of the two groups make clear they

3903:

Four more trials took place for those directly involved in the attacks: one for those NCOs involved in the attacks on Saitō, Watanabe and Tokyo police headquarters; one for those NCOs involved in the attacks on Okada, Takahashi, Suzuki and the Ministry of War; one for the soldiers involved in those

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by shooting himself in the head. The rest assembled at the Ministry of War. There they met Yamashita and Ishiwara, who suggested that they commit suicide. They allowed the men to keep their sidearms and left. Colonel Nobutoki Ide, a member of the General Staff and Nonaka's former commander, came to

3753:

A meeting of the heads of the army – including Kawashima, Kashii and Sugiyama – had been held from the early morning onward (Araki and Mazaki had attempted to attend but had been told to leave, as the SMC had no authority). Kawashima and Kashii attempted to convince the group to avoid violence, but

3619:

Despite the above developments, the position of the Righteous Army was less secure than it seemed. Most significantly, as noted above, the Emperor and his court officials had taken a hard line towards the uprising. In addition, the rebels also faced important opposition within the military as well,

3563:

Another point of controversy was the proclamation's wording. Although the above text notes that the rebels' "motives" were recognized, another version of the text was distributed by Kashii (possibly at Kawashima's instructions) shortly after 15:30 to military units in Tokyo. This version recognized

3493:

Tadataka Hirohata. These officials met after learning of the attacks from Suzuki's secretary. They took a hard line, advising the Emperor that he should demand that efforts be concentrated on suppressing the uprising and that he must not accept the resignation of the current government, as doing so

3314:

Nakahashi's plan had been to secure the Sakashita Gate, then use flashlights to signal the nearby rebel troops at police headquarters to join him. Having gained control over access to the Emperor, the rebels would then be able to prevent anyone but Honjō and others they approved of from seeing him.

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The main trial of the ringleaders of the rebellion (the nineteen surviving officers, Isobe, Muranaka and two other civilians) began on 28 April. The trial was held in secret, and the defendants did not have rights to legal representation, call witnesses or appeal. The judges were not interested in

3805:

From 08:00 the IJA began a major propaganda push towards the rebel troops. Three planes scattered leaflets from the air, a giant ad balloon adorned with the words, "The Imperial Command has been issued, do not resist the Army colors!" was suspended nearby and a series of radio broadcasts were made

3725:

The Emperor had, by the end of 27 February, become increasingly impatient with the failure of the Army to suppress the uprising as he had ordered on the previous day. The Navy's quick response satisfied him but the Army's hesitation was inexplicable to the Emperor. He summoned Honjō throughout the

3387:

As the men attempted to enter the front of the residence, they were fired upon by military police stationed inside. Yasuda and another soldier were wounded. The soldiers then forced their way in through the rear entrance, where they encountered Watanabe's wife standing outside their bedroom on the

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plotters (who had hoped to make him prime minister). Minami, Muto, Nemoto and Katakura were all prominent members of the Tōsei-ha faction. Katakura was also partly responsible for reporting the Military Academy Incident. When Isobe encountered him outside the Ministry of War later that morning, he

3083:

and forced its guards to open the gates. Upon entering the compound and attempting to find the prime minister, however, they were fired upon by four policemen. All four were killed after wounding six of the rebel soldiers, but the gunfire succeeded in warning Okada of the danger. He was taken into

2928:

Saionji's name was ultimately removed from the list, though the reasons why are disputed. Some of the officers' allies argued that he should be left alive to be used to help convince the Emperor to appoint Mazaki as prime minister, and this is commonly given as the reason. However, Isobe testified

2638:

It was at this time that the last Kōdō-ha officer in a prominent position, General Jinzaburō Mazaki, was forced out of office. The insidious and cantankerous Mazaki was generally disliked by his colleagues and his removal was not purely political but the young officers were enraged because, having

3749:

At 08:00 the rebel officers' nominal superior, Major Kofuji, was told to inform the officers of the imperial command and order them to return to their units. However, Muranaka and Kōda had already heard of the command from Nakahashi. Believing the order to be a mistake, they went to see him. When

3598:

in the 1st Division's operational area (which included the area being occupied by the rebel troops). This had the effect of formally placing the rebel troops within the chain of command under Lieutenant General Takeo Hori's 3rd Infantry Regiment. Hori placed them under Colonel Satoshi Kofuji and

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to try those involved in the uprising. All 1,483 members of the Righteous Army were interrogated, but ultimately only 124 were prosecuted: nineteen officers, 73 NCOs, nineteen soldiers and ten civilians. Of these, all of the officers, 43 NCOs, three soldiers and all of the civilians were found

2953:

From 22 February on, the seven leaders managed to convince eighteen other officers to join the uprising with varying degrees of enthusiasm. Non-commissioned officers (NCOs) were informed on the night of 25 February, hours before the attacks started. Although the officers insisted that all NCOs

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in the spring. This meant that if the officers did not strike before then, any possible action would be delayed by years. The second was Aizawa's trial. The impact of his actions had impressed the officers, and they believed that by acting while his trial was still in progress, they could take

3678:

It was for this reason that Araki, Mazaki and most of the other members of the SMC met with Muranaka and Kurihara at the Ministry of War on the night of 26 February. There they congratulated the officers again, but asked that they return to their units and leave the rest to the SMC. The rebel

3915:

Kita and Nishida were also charged as ringleaders of the rebellion and tried in a separate trial. Their actions during the uprising had only been indirect (primarily providing support over the telephone) and as such they did not actually meet the requirements of the charge. The chief judge,

3533:

Despite the Emperor's order to Kawashima that the uprising be suppressed, Araki proposed that a message be drafted to the rebels. This message, which came to be known as the "Minister of War's Proclamation", has become a point of controversy (it was issued in Kawashima's name because of the

3679:

officers refused, correctly pointing out that it was only because they had fully armed troops behind them the generals were prepared to listen, and again spoke of the need to promote the Shōwa Restoration and form a "strong cabinet centered around the military". No agreement was reached.

3690:: a new cabinet under Admiral Eisuke Yamamoto would be appointed and the rebel troops would return to their units. This compromise was rejected by both Sugiyama (who insisted the Emperor would not approve a new cabinet) and the rebel officers (who would only accept a Mazaki cabinet). 2693:

The uprising was planned in a series of meetings held between 18 and 22 February by Nishida, Yasuhide Kurihara, Teruzō Andō, Hisashi Kōno, Takaji Muranaka and Asaichi Isobe. The plan decided upon was relatively simple. The officers would assassinate the most prominent enemies of the

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was a good solution for all parties concerned, asked his majesty that the request be granted, but to his surprise, the Emperor flatly refused. His fury was such that he blurted "If they want to die, do as they wish. Do it on their own. An Imperial Command is out of question".

2684:

February 26 was chosen because the officers had been able to arrange to have themselves and their allies serve as duty officers on that date, facilitating their access to arms and ammunition. The date also allowed Mazaki to testify at Aizawa's trial as scheduled on the 25th.

2975:. Including officers, civilians and men from other units, the total size of the Righteous Army was 1,558 men. An official count of 1,483 was given at the time; this number excludes the 75 men who participated in Nakahashi's attempt to secure the Imperial Palace (see below). 3610:

concurred, and the edict was signed by the Emperor at 01:20 on the 27th. Kashii was made chief of Martial Law Headquarters. In his first order, issued later that morning, he ordered the rebel troops to enforce martial law in the Kōjimachi area (which they were occupying.)

3559:

Once approved, Yamashita brought the message to the rebels in the Ministry of War, who were pleased but somewhat confused by its vagueness. Some of the officers later testified that Yamashita claimed that the Emperor had approved the message, but Yamashita denied this.

3801:

By the morning of 29 February, the Righteous Army, consisting of less than 1,500, was surrounded by more than 20,000 loyal government troops and 22 tanks. The general attack was planned for 09:00. By 05:30 all civilians in the surrounding areas had been evacuated.

2754:, which they wanted to be handed to the Emperor. The document was prepared by Muranaka, but written in Shirō Nonaka's name as he was the highest-ranking officer involved in the plot. The document was entirely in line with Kokutai Genri-ha ideals, blaming the 3564:

the rebels' "actions" rather than their "motives". This difference has been attributed to Kōdō-ha manipulation of the text after-the-fact. Araki, Yamashita and others claimed that what Kashii distributed was an earlier, unfinished draft of the proclamation.

3729:

The General Staff and Martial Law Headquarters decided to release the imperial command at 05:00 on the 28th. From this point on formal documents, which had previously used "uprising", the word chosen by the rebel officers themselves, began to use the word

3238:(containing 4,000 different characters) on the floor, temporarily preventing the newspaper from publishing. Following the attack the men distributed copies of the uprising's manifesto to nearby newspapers and returned to the Prime Minister's Residence. 2702:, then submit their demands (the dismissal of certain officers and the appointment of a new cabinet led by Mazaki). They had no longer-term goals, believing that those should be left to the Emperor. It is believed that they were prepared to replace 3606:. The cabinet initially opposed this measure, as it feared it would be used to impose military rule (just as the young officers hoped), but they had no choice but to approve it after Kawashima insisted it was necessary to resolve the uprising. The 2929:

later that he had rejected these suggestions and continued to make arrangements for the attack on Saionji. According to his account, the attack was only canceled after the officers assigned to carry it out (teachers at a military school in

466:

faction lost its influence within the army, while the military, now free from infighting, increased its control over the civilian government, which had been severely weakened by the assassination of key moderate and liberal-minded leaders.

3434:. They met no resistance and soon secured the building, possibly due to a police decision to leave the situation in the hands of the army. Nonaka's group was as large as it was because they were intended to move on to the palace itself. 3233:

newspaper. Charging into the building, the officers forced the newspaper employees to evacuate while yelling that the attack was "divine retribution for being an un-Japanese newspaper". They then overturned and scattered the newspaper's

2773:

Now, as we are faced with great emergencies both foreign and domestic, if we do not execute the disloyal and unrighteous who threaten the kokutai, if we do not cut away the villains who obstruct the Emperor's authority, who block the

3904:

attacks; one for the NCO and six civilians involved in the attack on Makino. A series of trials were also held for 37 men charged with indirectly supporting the rebellion. Twenty-four were found guilty, with punishments ranging from

713:

were actually distinct groups in a mutually beneficial alliance. The Kōdō-ha shielded the Kokutai Genri-ha and provided it with access, while they in exchange benefited from their perceived ability to restrain the radical officers.

2676:

The decision to act was initially opposed by Nishida and Kita when they learned of it. The pair's relationship with most of the officers had become relatively distant in the years leading up to the uprising, and they were against

2734:

and Takeo Hori. Kawashima's successor as Minister of War later remarked that if all the officers who had supported the rebels had been forced to resign, there wouldn't have been enough high-ranking officers left to replace them.

3943:

Despite the failure of the coup, the February 26 Incident had the effect of significantly increasing the military's influence over the civilian government. The Okada cabinet resigned on 9 March and a new cabinet was formed by

3284:

Once Takahashi was dead, Nakahashi sent the group that had participated in the attack to join the troops already at the Prime Minister's Residence. He then accompanied the remaining group of men onward to the Imperial Palace.

3505:

Kawashima met with the Emperor at 09:30 after his meeting with the rebel officers at the Ministry of War. He read the officers' manifesto and demands aloud and then recommended the Emperor form a new cabinet to "clarify the

3360:

Andō had visited Suzuki at his home in 1934 to suggest that Araki be appointed prime minister following Saitō's resignation. Suzuki had rejected the suggestion, but Andō had come away with a favorable impression of Suzuki.

3344:. They surrounded and disarmed the police on guard, then a group entered the building. After Suzuki was discovered in his bedroom, he was shot twice (sources differ as to who fired the shots). Andō then moved to deliver a 612:

and the state). To them, the "privileged classes" exploited the people, leading to widespread poverty in rural areas, and deceived the Emperor, usurping his power and weakening Japan. The solution, they believed, was a

3935:. The execution of Muranaka and Isobe was delayed so that they could testify at Kita and Nishida's trial. Muranaka, Isobe, Kita and Nishida were executed by firing squad at the same location on 14 August 1937. 4057:, where the ashes of the executed men had been placed. The "twenty-two" signifies the nineteen men executed, the two who committed suicide (Nonaka and Kōno) and Aizawa. Then, in 1965, they placed a statue of 3750:

they met Kofuji, he only told them to come to 1st Division Headquarters. There they met General Hori, who lied to them, telling them that no command had been issued. The relieved but skeptical officers left.

3575:

Two other developments deepened the rebel officers' impression that their uprising had succeeded. At 15:00, shortly before the Minister of War's message was released, Kashii, acting as commander of the Tokyo

2650:, Lieutenant-Colonel Saburō Aizawa, a member of the Kokutai Genri-ha and a friend of Mazaki, murdered Nagata in his office in retaliation. Aizawa's public trial, which began in late January 1936, became a 2709:

The young officers believed they had at least tacit approval for their uprising from a number of important IJA officers after making a number of informal approaches. These included Araki, Minister of War

3534:

unofficial nature of the SMC meeting). Araki and other participants argued later that it had been intended to persuade the officers to surrender. Others interpreted it as an endorsement of the uprising.

3188:. Saitō praised the young officers' spirit and urged Kawashima to accept their demands. Shortly before 09:00, Kawashima stated that he needed to speak with the Emperor and left for the Imperial Palace. 2971:'s 1st Infantry Regiment (11th and MG companies; 456 men) and 3rd Infantry Regiment (1st, 3rd, 6th, 7th, 10th, and MG companies; 937 men). The only other significant contribution was 138 men from the 662:

and disciple of Kita, Nishida had become a prominent member of the civilian nationalist societies that proliferated in Japan from the late 1920s. He referred to the army group as the Kokutai Genri-ha

2605:

The years leading up to the February 26 Incident were marked by a series of violent outbursts by the young officers and their fellow nationalists against political opponents. Most notable was the

2778:, the Imperial plan for our nation will come to nothing To cut away the evil ministers and military factions near the Emperor and destroy their heart: that is our duty and we will complete it. 458:

Unlike earlier examples of political violence by young officers, the coup attempt had severe consequences. After a series of closed trials, nineteen of the uprising's leaders were executed for

3441:. Gotō was not home, however, and escaped the attack. This attack appears to have been the result of an independent decision by Suzuki rather than part of the officers' overall plan, however. 3465:

The Imperial Palace learned of the uprising when Captain Ichitarō Yamaguchi, a supporter of rebel officers and duty officer for the 1st Infantry Regiment, informed his father-in-law, General

3983:

Although only Mazaki faced criminal charges, this didn't mean that the Kōdō-ha didn't suffer any consequences from the incident. Under Terauchi's auspices, "reform staff officers"

3874:

hearing about the defendants' motives and intentions, and forced them to concentrate on their actions in their testimony. The trial was therefore far different from the ordinary

691:

Despite its relatively small size, the Kokutai Genri-ha faction was influential, due in no small part to the threat it posed. It had sympathizers among the general staff and the

3080: 2616:. This incident is significant because it convinced the young army officers (who were aware of, but not involved in, the attack) of the need to utilize troops in any potential 6025: 3817:

Realizing the hopelessness, by noon all the officers except Andō had released their soldiers. Finally, at 13:00, Andō ordered his men to leave and unsuccessfully attempted

2643:

during his time as War Minister, Mazaki had become the focus of their hopes. Muranaka and Isobe released a new pamphlet attacking Nagata for the dismissal, as did Nishida.

3380:

Following the attack on Saitō, twenty men led by 2nd Lieutenant Tarō Takahashi and 2nd Lieutenant Yutaka Yasuda boarded two trucks and headed to Watanabe's residence in

3956:, the new cabinet's Minister of War, made his displeasure with some of the selections clear. Hirota gave in to Terauchi's demands and changed his selections, choosing 3100:

Captain Kiyosada Kōda, accompanied by Muranaka, Isobe, and others, led 160 men to seize control of the Minister of War's residence, the Ministry of War itself and the

3384:, on the outskirts of Tokyo, arriving shortly after 07:00. Despite the two hours that had passed since the other attacks, no attempt had been made to warn Watanabe. 2960:, many of the NCOs argued later that they had been in no real position to refuse to participate. The soldiers themselves, 70% of whom were less than a month out of 3693:

Finally a settlement seemed to have been reached when the rebel officers asked to see Mazaki on 27 February. Mazaki, accompanied by two other members of the SMC (

3522:

The Supreme Military Council (SMC) held an unofficial meeting in the afternoon, attended by a number of other officers including Kashii, Yamashita, Kawashima and

3104:. Once this had been accomplished, they entered the residence and asked to see Minister Kawashima. When they were admitted to see him at 06:30, they read their 6089: 4061:, the Buddhist goddess of mercy, dedicated to the memories of the rebel officers and their victims at the former location of the Shibuya execution grounds. 3414: 5492: 3223:

At approximately 10:00, Kurihara and Nakahashi boarded three trucks with sixty men and traveled from the Prime Minister's Residence to the offices of the

6064: 558:

from 1931 to 1934, occupying most significant staff positions, but many of its members were replaced by Tōsei-ha officers following Araki's resignation.

264: 3269:

1st Lieutenant Motoaki Nakahashi of the 3rd Imperial Guard assembled 135 men and, telling his commanders that they were going to pay their respects at

2210: 3952:. This transition was not without its problems, however. When the selection of Hirota was made clear and efforts began to assemble a cabinet, General 3293:

Nakahashi and his 75 men entered the palace grounds using the western Hanzō Gate at 06:00. Nakahashi's unit was the scheduled emergency relief company

199: 3196:

Captain Hisashi Kōno commanded a team consisting of seven members, including six civilians, to attack Makino, who was staying at Kōfūsō, part of the

221: 3627:

made up of the Chief of Staff, Vice Chief of Staff and Inspector General of Military Education. With Watanabe assassinated and the Chief of Staff (

3437:

After the occupation of the police headquarters, 2nd Lieutenant Kinjirō Suzuki led a small group to attack the nearby residence of Fumio Gotō, the

1906: 1515: 275: 641: 699:, the Emperor's brother (and, until 1933, his heir), who was friends with Nishida and other Kokutai Genri-ha leaders. Despite being fiercely 4015:

The parents, widows, and children of the executed rebels, who were prevented by the government from commemorating them until the end of the

3967:

This interference with cabinet selection was followed by a demand that only active-duty officers be allowed to serve as Minister of War and

3168:

As Minister of War (1924–27, 1929–31), Ugaki had overseen a reduction in size and modernization of the army. He had also failed to back the

1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 4029:. They have established two sites in Tokyo commemorating the officers of the February 26 Incident. In 1952, shortly after the end of the 3101: 6094: 3912:

45. The most noteworthy of these were Ichitarō Yamaguchi (life imprisonment), Ryu Saitō (five years) and Sakichi Mitsui (three years).

6129: 2582: 654:

The loose-knit young officers group varied in size, but is estimated to have had roughly 100 regular members, mostly officers in the

5514: 3340:

Captain Teruzō Andō led 200 men of the 3rd Infantry Regiment to Suzuki's private residence just across from the Imperial Palace in

2964:, were not told anything before the coup began, though many were (according to the officers) enthusiastic once the uprising began. 1971: 890: 5408: 3494:

would "effectively be granting victory to the rebel army". It was after hearing this advice that Hirohito hardened his position.

3030:

The night of 25 February brought heavy snowfall to Tokyo. This heartened the rebel officers because it reminded them of the 1860

2620:

attempt. The ringleaders of the incident, as in the previous March and October incidents, received relatively light punishments.

2738:

The young officers prepared an explanation of their intentions and grievances in a document entitled "Manifesto of the Uprising"

3482: 2879: 1976: 1931: 526:

The Kōdō-ha emphasized the importance of Japanese culture, spiritual purity over material quality, and the need to attack the

2968: 1790: 6119: 5522: 4436:"内外眞ニ重大危急、今ニシテ國体破壊ノ不義不臣ヲ誅戮シテ稜威ヲ遮リ御維新ヲ阻止シ來タレル奸賊ヲ芟除スルニ非ズンバ皇模ヲ一空セン。君側ノ奸臣軍賊ヲ斬除シテ、彼ノ中樞ヲ粉砕スルハ我等ノ任トシテ能ク為スベシ。", Chaen (2001), p. 27 1941: 1730: 1638: 629:

those who exploited the people, restoring prosperity to the nation. These beliefs were strongly influenced by contemporary

2325: 967: 3949: 2647: 1884: 3659: 3486: 2088: 1535: 6079: 1775: 1485: 1475: 545: 3551:

All the Supreme War Councilors have agreed to unite and move forward in accordance with the principles stated above.

3176:

During this period, a number of officers sympathetic to the rebels were admitted, including General Mazaki, General

6074: 1820: 1805: 2885:

Support for the London Naval Treaty, involvement in Mazaki's dismissal, establishing a court faction with Makino.

6114: 5591: 3392:

for cover. Watanabe opened fire with his pistol, whereupon one of the soldiers fired a burst at him with a light

3076:

The attack on Okada consisted of 280 men from the 1st Infantry Regiment led by 1st Lieutenant Yasuhide Kurihara.

2235: 1936: 1705: 2142: 1188: 5699: 5597: 1695: 1138: 567: 2901:

Involvement in party politics, attempting to weaken the military, continuing the existing economic structure.

2106: 6109: 5875: 2575: 2367: 927: 915: 4054: 3645:

The Naval Staff had taken a similarly dim view of the uprising, at least partly due to the attacks on three

608:(an amorphous term often translated as "national polity", it roughly signifies the relationship between the 6124: 5705: 5507: 3968: 1628: 761: 593:

The young officers believed that the problems facing the nation were the result of Japan straying from the

2269: 1223: 3897: 3641:

Land Force of Yokosuka arriving at Shibaura, Tokyo, following the outbreak of the "February 26 Incident".

3031: 2115: 1859: 1281: 1073: 3112:

The rapid resolution of the situation by Kawashima in a way that "advanced the cause of the Restoration"

2301: 1366: 6084: 5944: 5561: 4030: 3328:

1st Lieutenant Naoshi Sakai led 120 men from the 3rd Infantry Regiment to Saitō's private residence in

2476: 1837: 1810: 1660: 1645: 1525: 861: 503:. By the early 1930s, officers in the high command had become split into two main informal groups: the 3548:

The current state of the national polity (including its defilement) is a matter of great regret to us.

1889: 6099: 5845: 5796: 3715: 3628: 3123: 3052: 3051:

between 03:30 and 04:00. The attacks on Okada, Takahashi, Suzuki, Saito, the Ministry of War and the

2624: 2496: 1633: 1376: 1035: 298: 3686:

between Ishiwara and Lieutenant Colonel Sakichi Mitsui, a supporter of the uprising. They reached a

2600: 2245: 2179: 6104: 5833: 5627: 3793:

3. Your fathers, mothers, brothers, and sisters are all weeping because they will become traitors.

2568: 2501: 2426: 2414: 1832: 1780: 1747: 1690: 1680: 1655: 1650: 1396: 878: 866: 771: 571: 2768:

through their selfishness and disrespect for the Emperor and asserting the need for direct action:

1296: 1183: 5500: 2851: 2804: 2610: 2471: 2313: 1966: 1735: 1505: 1495: 1093: 692: 440: 210: 2093: 6069: 5693: 3972: 3707:

the command ordered him to quickly evict "the officers and men occupying the Miyakezaka area".

3638: 3607: 2972: 2362: 2203: 1827: 1557: 1291: 1020: 871: 685: 625:", the officers would enable the Emperor to re-establish his authority. The Emperor would then 492: 439:

Although the rebels succeeded in assassinating several leading officials (including two former

429: 161: 148: 35: 5766: 5723: 2127: 5621: 3683: 3490: 3197: 3036: 2699: 2031: 1715: 1685: 1436: 1243: 1198: 1178: 962: 452: 3545:

We recognize that your motives are based on a sincere desire to clarify the national polity.

3108:

aloud and handed him a document in which they made numerous demands of the army, including:

3014:". Allies were also to display a three-sen postage stamp when approaching the army's lines. 2257: 436:

the government and military leadership of their factional rivals and ideological opponents.

5717: 5645: 3373: 3139: 2906: 2864: 2276: 2164: 2078: 1981: 1795: 1411: 1193: 1030: 1025: 910: 900: 688:

members of the group split and largely ended their association with civilian nationalists.

622: 555: 504: 463: 318: 130: 100: 20: 3653:

to Tokyo on 26 February. By the afternoon of 27 February forty warships were stationed in

2775: 2184: 614: 8: 5913: 5857: 5681: 5555: 3205: 3143: 2949:

Flag used by rebel troops during the uprising: "Revere the Emperor, Destroy the Traitors"

2810: 2711: 2407: 2345: 2320: 1849: 1842: 1589: 811: 796: 303: 5675: 3477:

With Saitō dead and Suzuki gravely wounded, the Emperor's chief remaining advisors were

2715: 1276: 1133: 651:, and believed that the young officers truly understood their predicaments and spirits. 512: 5963: 5790: 5754: 3255: 3235: 3201: 3177: 2890: 2719: 2596: 2436: 2357: 2340: 2174: 2051: 1894: 1800: 1346: 992: 947: 673: 5609: 4007: 3851:

The Emperor signed an ordinance on March 4, 1936, establishing a Special Court Martial

5938: 5802: 5784: 5772: 5711: 3953: 3905: 2854:

from protesting to the Emperor at the time, establishing a court faction with Saitō.

2419: 2402: 2215: 2046: 2026: 2014: 1815: 1725: 1670: 1455: 1391: 1253: 1143: 1040: 836: 801: 618: 5969: 3870:

guilty. The trials related to the uprising took nearly eighteen months to complete.

2925:

as a member of the Tōsei-ha and because he had been involved with Mazaki's removal.

2859: 2837:

Support for the London Naval Treaty, causing the Emperor to form improper cabinets.

2814: 2281: 2101: 1233: 1208: 499:

among its high-ranking officers, originally stemming from domainal rivalries in the

420: 5988: 5907: 5827: 5669: 5651: 5633: 5585: 3158: 3068: 2934: 2930: 2895: 2826: 2640: 2491: 2481: 2058: 1901: 1770: 1740: 1416: 1336: 1301: 1286: 1153: 1118: 977: 920: 786: 776: 725: 681: 609: 322: 5603: 3957: 3466: 3185: 3010:, adopted from the Meiji Restoration-era slogan, "Revere the Emperor, Destroy the 2727: 1341: 1108: 5932: 5863: 5839: 5735: 5615: 5403: 3961: 3523: 3270: 3119: 3047:

The rebel troops, divided into six groups, assembled their troops and left their

2613: 2606: 2556: 2466: 2431: 2397: 2294: 2230: 2225: 2159: 2036: 1785: 1401: 1326: 1316: 1311: 1271: 1218: 1168: 1163: 1078: 1002: 987: 932: 756: 700: 696: 536:), while the Tōsei-ha officers, who were strongly influenced by the ideas of the 520: 425: 308: 242: 64: 3838: 3719: 3453: 3352: 2874: 2731: 1616: 1173: 1158: 741: 313: 186: 5994: 5869: 5821: 5778: 5760: 5729: 5687: 5663: 5657: 5639: 5573: 5567: 5475: 4968:

in the 2nd clause as "approve" rather than "recognize". Shillony (1973), p. 153

3921: 3634: 3181: 3169: 3154: 2961: 2842: 2723: 2639:

become disillusioned with Araki for his failures to overcome resistance in the

2628: 2526: 2486: 2335: 2330: 2193: 2083: 2063: 1665: 1594: 1431: 1381: 1371: 1351: 1248: 1113: 1098: 1088: 997: 856: 841: 766: 677: 621:

of 70 years earlier. By rising up and destroying the "evil advisers around the

3945: 3513: 3478: 3408:

Rebel troops assembling at police headquarters during the February 26 Incident

3274: 3127: 3072:

Rebels outside the Prime Minister's Residence during the February 26 Incident.

1386: 1103: 6058: 6040: 6027: 6000: 3875: 3650: 3438: 3356:

Rebels occupying Nagata-cho and Akasaka area during the February 26 Incident.

3225: 3135: 3131: 2799: 2678: 2516: 2379: 2147: 2021: 1879: 1869: 1864: 1854: 1765: 1599: 1228: 1203: 1148: 1123: 1083: 1058: 937: 821: 781: 648: 448: 280: 269: 258: 253: 247: 236: 215: 204: 5955: 3449: 3150: 570:(an undergraduate academy) and those who had advanced on to the prestigious 4016: 3928: 3909: 3694: 3470: 3349:

of the Ministry of War. Suzuki, although seriously wounded, would survive.

2782:

Seven targets were chosen for assassination for "threatening the kokutai":

2651: 2536: 2511: 2506: 2461: 2009: 2001: 1926: 1874: 1710: 1675: 1584: 1421: 1331: 1321: 1306: 1128: 972: 816: 537: 532: 527: 500: 5980: 5813: 5429:

Crowley, James B. (1962). "Japanese Army Factionalism in the Early 1930s"

3758:

asked that an Imperial messenger be sent. He said that the officers would

3341: 3281:

while Nakajima slashed him with his sword. Takahashi died without waking.

2994:

for this force and the password "Revere the Emperor, Destroy the Traitors"

5579: 3624: 3603: 3393: 2531: 2521: 2350: 2289: 2264: 2252: 1720: 1562: 1426: 1356: 1068: 1063: 905: 851: 806: 630: 566:

IJA officers were divided between those whose education had ended at the

550: 544:

theory), technological modernization, mechanization and expansion within

508: 484: 2551: 3830: 3775: 3710: 3687: 3404: 3369: 3251: 3230: 3041: 2869:

Support for the London Naval Treaty, "obstructing the Imperial virtue"

2632: 2240: 2132: 2068: 1623: 1606: 1574: 1567: 1465: 1406: 1238: 1213: 982: 952: 895: 791: 659: 444: 60: 5463:

Revolt in Japan: The Young Officers and the February 26, 1936 Incident

3814:

began shortly after midnight; by 10:00, many of the troops were gone.

3783: 3497: 3444: 2623:

The direct prelude to the February 26 Incident, however, was the 1934

516: 84: 6006: 5924: 5746: 5438:

Emperor Hirohito and His Chief Aide-de-Camp: the Honjo Diary, 1933–36

3811: 3672: 3654: 3567: 3209: 3105: 3011: 2956: 2698:, secure control of the administrative center of the capital and the 2669: 2456: 2073: 2041: 1361: 826: 637: 634: 541: 3671:

Thus, by the evening of 26 February, the uprising had resulted in a

3261: 2631:

investigating the incident found there was insufficient evidence to

1611: 3577: 3164:

The appointment of Araki as the new commander of the Kwantung Army.

3048: 2703: 2198: 2137: 2122: 942: 884: 831: 705: 496: 292: 78: 3878:

that Aizawa had faced a few months earlier. Charged with rebellion

2831: 2756: 658:

area. Its informal leader was Mitsugi (Zei) Nishida. A former IJA

4034: 3932: 3818: 3759: 3663:) had been dispatched to defend naval installations in the city. 3646: 3381: 3329: 2945: 2308: 1700: 1579: 733: 644: 595: 540:

general staff, supported central economic and military planning (

225: 190: 3087: 2911:

Mazaki's replacement as Inspector General of Military Education

703:, the faction had also managed to secure irregular funding from 554:). The Kōdō-ha was dominant in the IJA during Araki's tenure as 4058: 3779:

Occupied area on February 29, 1936. The troops were surrounded.

3278: 3044:, the chief adviser to the Shōgun, in the name of the Emperor. 2372: 2220: 2152: 957: 459: 3460: 3146:

for being "the source of the destruction of military command".

3022: 2847:

former Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal, former Foreign Minister

2673:

advantage of the favorable public opinion it was engendering.

480: 5526: 4033:, they placed a gravestone entitled "Grave of the Twenty-two 3682:

This approach was followed by late-night negotiations at the

3542:

The purpose of your actions has been reported to His Majesty.

3389: 3388:

second floor. Shoving her aside, they found Watanabe using a

3115:

The prevention of the use of force against the Righteous Army

655: 626: 433: 4085:

Chaen (2001), p. 146. Number does not include IJN personnel.

3161:

from the Imperial Japanese Army for promoting "factionalism"

2967:

The bulk of the Righteous Army was made up of men from the

2937:) could not agree over the use of cadets in the operation. 2617: 846: 640:. Almost all of the young officers' subordinates were from 633:

thought, especially the political philosophy of the former

2954:

participated voluntarily and any orders given were merely

428:

on 26 February 1936. It was organized by a group of young

3807: 3399: 672:

faction. Involved at least to some extent in most of the

3288: 2764:, bureaucrats and political parties for endangering the 3602:

The second positive development was the declaration of

3554:

Beyond this everything depends upon His Majesty's will.

3789:

1. It is still not too late, so return to your units.

5487:

Mokugekisha ga Kataru Showa-shi (Vol. 4): 2/26 Jiken

5480:

The Double Patriots: A Study of Japanese Nationalism

3978: 2609:

of 1932, in which young naval officers assassinated

3445:

Government response and suppression of the uprising

3040:(political activists with ambitions) assassinated 2978:The coup leaders adopted the name "Righteous Army" 4544:Chaen (2001), pp. 113, 117, 120, 123–125, 127–129 4175:高橋正衛(1994) 『二・二六事件「昭和維新」の思想と行動』中公新書　pp. 146–150 3614: 3095: 561: 6056: 2850:Support for the London Naval Treaty, preventing 1907:International Military Tribunal for the Far East 1516:Imperium: The Philosophy of History and Politics 5472:(Jan 1982), Vol. 32 Issue 1, pp. 10–13. online. 4046: 3992: 3887: 3860: 3791:2. All those who resist will be shot as rebels. 3739: 3589: 3425: 3302: 3055:headquarters occurred simultaneously at 05:00. 3003: 2987: 2918:, refusal to resign despite his unsuitability. 2747: 583: 462:and another forty were imprisoned. The radical 407: 4961: 4040: 4022: 3986: 3881: 3854: 3733: 3583: 3419: 3296: 3215: 3149:The immediate dismissal of Lieutenant Colonel 2997: 2981: 2741: 665: 601: 577: 401: 106:Increase of military influence over government 6090:Democratic backsliding in the interwar period 5508: 3718:'s name transmitting the imperial command to 3666: 3623:The General Staff was effectively ruled by a 2576: 3091:Yasuhide Kurihara leading the Rebellion Army 2706:with Prince Chichibu if necessary, however. 447:, they failed to assassinate Prime Minister 443:) and in occupying the government center of 3649:(Okada, Saitō and Suzuki). It summoned the 3461:Opposition of the Court faction and Emperor 77:Restore direct imperial rule under Emperor 5515: 5501: 5468:Sims, Richard. "Japanese Fascism," (1982) 2583: 2569: 519:"Control" faction identified with General 3927:Fifteen of the officers were executed by 3924:, who had become prime minister in June. 2688: 475: 5523:Coups, rebellions, and revolts in Japan 4006: 3837: 3834:Rebel troops returning to their barracks 3829: 3782: 3774: 3709: 3633: 3580:, ordered a state of "wartime emergency" 3566: 3496: 3448: 3403: 3368: 3351: 3318: 3260: 3250: 3086: 3067: 3058: 3021: 2944: 2760:, political leaders, military factions, 709:leaders who hoped to shield themselves. 479: 5409:Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan 3938: 3701: 3514:The Minister of War's proclamation and 6057: 4211:Shillony (1973), pp. 55, 83–85, 99–102 3797:Martial Law Headquarters, February 29. 3400:Tokyo Metropolitan Police headquarters 2914:Support for the "organ theory" of the 2793: 2790: 2787: 507:"Imperial Way" faction led by General 5496: 5157:三宅坂付近ヲ占拠シアル将校以下. Chaen (2001), p. 151 4373:Shillony (1973), pp. 110–114, 128–229 4166:Shillony (1973), pp. x, 60, 64–68, 70 3289:Attempt to secure the Imperial Palace 3246: 3241: 2940: 716: 40:1st Lt. Nibu Masatada and his company 6065:1930s coups d'état and coup attempts 3173:shot him (non-fatally) in the head. 2730:and their own immediate commanders, 1731:Imperial Rule Assistance Association 4463:Shillony (1973), pp. 87–88, 123–124 3931:on 15 July at a military prison in 3501:Rebel occupation of the Sannō Hotel 382:4 government officials assassinated 13: 3487:Minister of the Imperial Household 3364: 2662: 1536:The Last Will of a Russian Fascist 14: 6141: 6095:Events that led to courts-martial 5419:. University of California Press. 5283:Kita (2003), pp. 181–182, 192–193 5265:Kita (2003), pp. 173–174, 178–179 5184:Kita (2003), pp. 136–137, 141–142 5058:Shillony (1973), pp. 167–168, 181 4995:Kita (2003), pp. 111–112, 115–116 4904:Shillony (1973), pp. 149–150, 174 4391:Shillony (1973), pp. 122–125, 128 3979:Personnel changes within the Army 3335: 3191: 1486:The Myth of the Twentieth Century 6130:Terrorist incidents in the 1930s 5525: 5385: 5376: 5367: 5358: 5349: 5340: 5331: 5322: 5313: 5304: 5295: 5286: 5277: 5268: 5259: 5250: 5241: 5232: 5223: 5214: 5205: 5196: 5187: 5178: 5169: 5160: 5151: 5142: 5133: 5124: 5115: 5106: 5097: 5088: 5079: 5070: 5061: 5052: 5043: 5034: 5025: 5016: 5007: 4998: 4989: 4980: 4971: 4002: 3964:as Minister of Foreign Affairs. 3063: 2550: 1806:1934 Montreux Fascist conference 740: 432:(IJA) officers with the goal of 279: 268: 257: 246: 235: 214: 203: 154: 141: 124: 34: 16:Failed 1936 coup d'état in Japan 5592:Fujiwara no Hirotsugu Rebellion 4958:Shillony translates the word 認む 4952: 4943: 4934: 4925: 4916: 4907: 4898: 4889: 4880: 4871: 4862: 4853: 4844: 4835: 4826: 4817: 4808: 4799: 4790: 4781: 4772: 4763: 4754: 4745: 4736: 4727: 4718: 4709: 4700: 4691: 4682: 4673: 4664: 4655: 4646: 4637: 4628: 4619: 4610: 4601: 4592: 4583: 4574: 4565: 4556: 4547: 4538: 4529: 4520: 4511: 4502: 4493: 4484: 4475: 4466: 4457: 4448: 4439: 4430: 4421: 4412: 4403: 4394: 4385: 4376: 4367: 4358: 4349: 4340: 4331: 4322: 4313: 4304: 4295: 4286: 4277: 4268: 4259: 4250: 4241: 4232: 4223: 4214: 4205: 4196: 4187: 4178: 4169: 4160: 4151: 3323: 2657: 1706:Revolutionary Mexicanist Action 5598:Fujiwara no Nakamaro Rebellion 4274:Shillony (1973), pp. 46–47, 49 4142: 4133: 4124: 4115: 4106: 4097: 4088: 4079: 4070: 3770: 3615:Opposition within the military 3184:and the Vice-Minister of War, 3096:Seizure of the Ministry of War 1: 5485:Yoshii Hiroshi (ed.) (1989). 5465:. Princeton University Press. 5397: 5175:Kita (2003), pp. 136, 138–141 5076:Kita (2003), pp. 129, 160–161 5049:Shillony (1973), pp. 169, 177 4859:Kita (2003), pp. 101, 103–104 4499:Kita (2003), pp. 63–64, 71–74 4355:Kita (2003), pp. 53–55, 84–88 3842:Funeral of Korekiyo Takahashi 2880:Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal 2794:Stated Reasons for Selection 2784: 676:of the period, following the 470: 5706:Ōshio Heihachirō's Rebellion 5440:. University of Tokyo Press. 5431:The Journal of Asian Studies 5373:Shillony (1973), pp. 213–214 5319:Shillony (1973), pp. 201–202 5139:Shillony (1973), pp. 172–173 5112:Shillony (1973), pp. 181–182 5094:Shillony (1973), pp. 178–181 5067:Shillony (1973), pp. 170–171 5004:Shillony (1973), pp. 155–156 4940:Shillony (1973), pp. 153–154 4877:Shillony (1973), pp. 173–174 4832:Shillony (1973), pp. 141–142 4814:Shillony (1973), pp. 137–138 4724:Shillony (1973), pp. 142–143 4706:Shillony (1973), pp. 142–143 4679:Shillony (1973), pp. 135–136 4562:Shillony (1973), pp. 139–140 4535:Shillony (1973), pp. 133–134 4472:Shillony (1973), pp. 123–124 4400:Shillony (1973), pp. 118–119 4346:Shillony (1973), pp. 114–115 4328:Shillony (1973), pp. 110–111 4130:Crowley (1962), pp. 313–314. 3825: 3657:and the navy's land forces ( 2597:Fascism in Asia § Japan 1942:Fascist movements by country 1629:Brazilian Integralist Action 762:Aestheticization of politics 495:(IJA) had a long history of 7: 6120:Political violence in Japan 5447:. Harvard University Press. 4229:Shillony (1973), pp. 39, 55 4184:Crowley (1962), pp. 311–312 4148:Crowley (1962), pp. 311–312 4047: 3993: 3888: 3861: 3740: 3590: 3426: 3303: 3017: 3004: 2988: 2973:3rd Imperial Guard Regiment 2748: 1860:Italian invasion of Albania 1696:Patriotic People's Movement 584: 408: 10: 6146: 5945:Hibiya incendiary incident 5700:Menashi–Kunashir rebellion 5562:Prince Hoshikawa Rebellion 5461:Shillony, Ben-Ami (1973). 5445:The Making of Modern Japan 4733:Chaen (2001), pp. 121, 130 4598:Jansen (2002), pp. 593–594 4508:Chaen (2001), pp. 130, 145 4409:Storry (1957), pp. 183–185 4292:Shillony (1973), pp. 48–49 4193:Kita (2003), pp. 13–16, 19 4139:Storry (1957), pp. 137–143 4112:Shillony (1973), pp. 37–38 4031:Allied occupation of Japan 4011:Memorial in Shibuya, Tokyo 3667:Negotiations and stalemate 3081:Prime Minister's Residence 3079:The troops surrounded the 2646:On 12 August 1935, in the 2594: 1838:Marco Polo Bridge Incident 1811:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 1646:Canadian Union of Fascists 1526:Foundations of Geopolitics 18: 5979: 5954: 5923: 5898: 5889: 5846:Military Academy incident 5812: 5745: 5546: 5535: 5452:Ni Niroku Jiken Zenkenshō 5415:Brown, Delmer M. (1955). 5391:Chaen (2001), pp. 209–210 5382:Chaen (2001), pp. 207–208 5256:Chaen (2001), pp. 186–199 5211:Kita (2003), pp. 147, 150 4041: 4023: 3987: 3882: 3855: 3846: 3734: 3584: 3481:, Chief Secretary to the 3420: 3297: 3124:Governor-General of Korea 3053:Tokyo Metropolitan Police 2998: 2982: 2742: 2625:Military Academy Incident 2497:Glossary of Fascist Italy 2326:Syrian Social Nationalism 1634:British Union of Fascists 666: 602: 578: 451:or secure control of the 402: 377:Several committed suicide 367: 362: 342: 337: 180: 175: 117: 112: 92: 71: 55: 47: 33: 28: 6080:Attempted coups in Japan 5834:League of Blood Incident 5364:Kita (2003), pp. 203–205 5355:Kita (2003), pp. 206–207 5310:Kita (2003), pp. 199–200 5238:Kita (2003), pp. 152–153 5229:Kita (2003), pp. 150–151 5202:Kita (2003), pp. 145–149 5193:Kita (2003), pp. 144–145 5166:Kita (2003), pp. 131–132 5130:Kita (2003), pp. 129–131 5121:Kita (2003), pp. 127–129 5103:Kita (2003), pp. 122–127 5013:Kita (2003), pp. 121–122 4931:Kita (2003), pp. 107–108 4886:Kita (2003), pp. 104–105 4064: 4053:in Kensōji, a temple in 3571:Martial Law Headquarters 2898:, former Prime Minister 2882:, former Prime Minister 2834:, former Prime Minister 2502:Glossary of Nazi Germany 1833:Second Sino-Japanese War 1781:Second Italo-Senussi War 1691:National Social Movement 1681:National Christian Party 1656:Silver Legion of America 1651:Republican Fascist Party 384:5 police officers killed 19:Not to be confused with 6075:Assassinations in Japan 5489:. Shin-Jinbutsuoraisha. 5443:Jansen, Marius (2002). 5424:Zusetsu Ni Niroku Jiken 5346:Shillony (1973), p. 210 5301:Shillony (1973), p. 202 5274:Shillony (1973), p. 200 5247:Shillony (1973), p. 196 5220:Shillony (1973), p. 193 5148:Bix (2000), pp. 300–301 5085:Shillony (1973), p. 178 5040:Shillony (1973), p. 157 5031:Shillony (1973), p. 156 5022:Shillony (1973), p. 156 4922:Shillony (1973), p. 153 4913:Shillony (1973), p. 152 4805:Shillony (1973), p. 137 4787:Shillony (1973), p. 138 4769:Shillony (1973), p. 138 4751:Shillony (1973), p. 137 4670:Shillony (1973), p. 141 4643:Shillony (1973), p. 139 4625:Kita (2003), pp. 99–101 4616:Shillony (1973), p. 149 4589:Shillony (1973), p. 148 4517:Shillony (1973), p. 130 4490:Shillony (1973), p. 133 4418:Shillony (1973), p. 130 4310:Crowley (1962), p. 323. 4283:Crowley (1962), p. 322. 4265:Crowley (1962), p. 319. 4019:, formed the Busshinkai 3537:The proclamation read: 2472:Extremism of the centre 1937:British fascist parties 1791:German election of 1932 1736:Great Japan Youth Party 1506:The Doctrine of Fascism 1496:La Conquista del Estado 670:, "National Principle") 487:, leader of the Kōdō-ha 234:Yasuhide Kurihara 6115:Imperial Japanese Army 6041:35.66417°N 139.69694°E 4962: 4481:Kita (2003), pp. 74–76 4445:Kita (2003), pp. 89–90 4337:Kita (2003), pp. 40–41 4319:Shillony (1973), p. 54 4256:Kita (2003), pp. 33–35 4247:Kita (2003), pp. 20–22 4220:Crowley (1962), p. 311 4202:Shillony (1973), p. 21 4157:Shillony (1973), p. 13 4121:Crowley (1962), p. 310 4012: 3843: 3835: 3798: 3780: 3722: 3716:Prince Kan'in Kotohito 3642: 3639:Imperial Japanese Navy 3572: 3557: 3502: 3491:Vice-Grand Chamberlain 3469:, the Emperor's chief 3457: 3415:Emergency Service Unit 3409: 3377: 3357: 3266: 3258: 3092: 3073: 3027: 3026:Map of initial attacks 2950: 2780: 2689:Planning and manifesto 2601:Statism in Shōwa Japan 2204:Revisionist Maximalism 1828:Battle of Cable Street 1558:National Fascist Party 684:of 1931, the army and 493:Imperial Japanese Army 488: 476:Army factional rivalry 430:Imperial Japanese Army 299:Prince Kan'in Kotohito 162:Imperial Japanese Navy 149:Imperial Japanese Army 5622:Shishigatani incident 5450:Kita Hiroaki (2003). 5436:Hane, Mikiso (1983). 5426:. Nihon Tosho Center. 5422:Chaen Yoshio (2001). 4454:Storry (1957), p. 186 4382:Jansen (2002), p. 597 4364:Storry (1957), p. 181 4103:Storry (1957), p. 137 4094:Jansen (2002), p. 598 4010: 3862:tokusetsu gunpō kaigi 3841: 3833: 3786: 3778: 3713: 3637: 3570: 3539: 3500: 3452: 3407: 3372: 3355: 3319:3rd Infantry Regiment 3264: 3254: 3090: 3071: 3059:1st Infantry Regiment 3025: 2948: 2771: 1748:Slovak People's Party 1716:Russian Fascist Party 1686:National Radical Camp 963:Reactionary modernism 511:and his ally General 483: 363:Casualties and losses 6110:February 1936 events 5852:February 26 incident 5718:Shimonoseki Campaign 5417:Nationalism in Japan 5328:Chaen (2001), p. 200 4841:Chaen (2001), p. 127 4823:Chaen (2001), p. 125 4796:Chaen (2001), p. 125 4778:Chaen (2001), p. 123 4760:Chaen (2001), p. 124 4715:Chaen (2001), p. 121 4697:Chaen (2001), p. 120 4688:Chaen (2001), p. 120 4661:Chaen (2001), p. 129 4652:Chaen (2001), p. 129 4634:Chaen (2001), p. 128 4607:Chaen (2001), p. 117 4580:Chaen (2001), p. 118 4571:Chaen (2001), p. 113 4553:Chaen (2001), p. 113 4076:Chaen (2001), p. 130 3969:Minister of the Navy 3939:Change of government 3702:The imperial command 3102:General Staff Office 3032:Sakuradamon Incident 2482:Fascist as an insult 2175:Reform bureaucratism 1031:Fascism and ideology 901:National syndicalism 772:Anti-intellectualism 562:The "young officers" 412:, also known as the 397:February 26 incident 96:Uprising suppressed 42:on February 26, 1936 29:February 26 incident 21:February 28 incident 6125:Rebellions in Japan 6046:35.66417; 139.69694 6037: / 5767:Shinpūren Rebellion 5724:Tenchūgumi incident 5694:Shakushain's revolt 5682:Shimabara Rebellion 5658:Yamashiro Rebellion 5628:Siege of Hōjūjidono 5556:Kibi Clan Rebellion 5337:Kita (2003), p. 206 5292:Kita (2003), p. 188 4986:Kita (2003), p. 114 4977:Hane (1982), p. 209 4949:Kita (2003), p. 110 4742:Kita (2003), p. 164 4427:Chaen (2001), p. 27 3456:, February 26, 1936 3427:Tokubetsu Keibi-tai 3206:Kanagawa Prefecture 3144:Yoshitsugu Tatekawa 2813:, support for the " 2811:London Naval Treaty 2712:Yoshiyuki Kawashima 2557:Politics portal 2346:National Bolshevism 2302:Romanianism/Stelism 1890:Downfall in Germany 1850:Anti-Comintern Pact 1843:Japanese war crimes 812:Cult of personality 797:Class collaboration 538:contemporary German 304:Yoshiyuki Kawashima 51:26–28 February 1936 5797:Fukushima incident 5791:Takebashi incident 5755:Two Lords Incident 5482:. Greenwood Press. 4895:Bix (2000), p. 299 4868:Bix (2000), p. 299 4850:Kita (2003), p. 94 4526:Kita (2003), p. 57 4301:Kita (2003), p. 25 4238:Kita (2003), p. 19 4048:nijūni-shi no haka 4013: 3898:sentenced to death 3844: 3836: 3799: 3781: 3723: 3643: 3573: 3503: 3458: 3410: 3378: 3358: 3267: 3259: 3256:Korekiyo Takahashi 3247:Takahashi Korekiyo 3242:3rd Imperial Guard 3178:Tomoyuki Yamashita 3138:(commander of the 3130:(commander of the 3093: 3074: 3028: 2951: 2941:The Righteous Army 2891:Takahashi Korekiyo 2720:Tomoyuki Yamashita 2341:National-anarchism 2052:Christian Identity 1977:Speeches by Hitler 1932:Books about Hitler 1895:Surrender of Japan 1821:Unification Decree 1801:Austrian Civil War 1776:Aventine Secession 948:Proletarian nation 717:Political violence 674:political violence 489: 6085:Conflicts in 1936 6020: 6019: 6016: 6015: 5939:Nagasaki incident 5885: 5884: 5803:Chichibu incident 5785:Satsuma Rebellion 5773:Akizuki Rebellion 5720: (1863–1864) 5712:Teradaya incident 5696: (1669–1672) 5684: (1637–1638) 5580:Jinshin Rebellion 3954:Hisaichi Terauchi 3906:life imprisonment 3485:; Kurahei Yuasa, 3265:Motoaki Nakahashi 2922: 2921: 2865:Grand Chamberlain 2593: 2592: 2107:L'Œuvre Française 2015:Orthodox Peronism 1885:Downfall in Italy 1816:Spanish Civil War 1726:Arrow Cross Party 1671:FET y de las JONS 1456:Fascist Manifesto 1036:Fascism worldwide 837:Heroic capitalism 682:October incidents 619:Meiji Restoration 617:" modeled on the 615:Shōwa Restoration 418:was an attempted 393: 392: 389: 388: 375:Dozens imprisoned 358: 357: 265:Motoaki Nakahashi 171: 170: 6137: 6100:Fascism in Japan 6052: 6051: 6049: 6048: 6047: 6042: 6038: 6035: 6034: 6033: 6030: 5989:Shibuya incident 5908:Kakitsu uprising 5896: 5895: 5876:Mishima incident 5828:October incident 5676:Rokugō Rebellion 5670:Kunohe Rebellion 5652:Kakitsu uprising 5634:Kennin Rebellion 5586:Hayato Rebellion 5544: 5543: 5530: 5529: 5517: 5510: 5503: 5494: 5493: 5392: 5389: 5383: 5380: 5374: 5371: 5365: 5362: 5356: 5353: 5347: 5344: 5338: 5335: 5329: 5326: 5320: 5317: 5311: 5308: 5302: 5299: 5293: 5290: 5284: 5281: 5275: 5272: 5266: 5263: 5257: 5254: 5248: 5245: 5239: 5236: 5230: 5227: 5221: 5218: 5212: 5209: 5203: 5200: 5194: 5191: 5185: 5182: 5176: 5173: 5167: 5164: 5158: 5155: 5149: 5146: 5140: 5137: 5131: 5128: 5122: 5119: 5113: 5110: 5104: 5101: 5095: 5092: 5086: 5083: 5077: 5074: 5068: 5065: 5059: 5056: 5050: 5047: 5041: 5038: 5032: 5029: 5023: 5020: 5014: 5011: 5005: 5002: 4996: 4993: 4987: 4984: 4978: 4975: 4969: 4967: 4965: 4956: 4950: 4947: 4941: 4938: 4932: 4929: 4923: 4920: 4914: 4911: 4905: 4902: 4896: 4893: 4887: 4884: 4878: 4875: 4869: 4866: 4860: 4857: 4851: 4848: 4842: 4839: 4833: 4830: 4824: 4821: 4815: 4812: 4806: 4803: 4797: 4794: 4788: 4785: 4779: 4776: 4770: 4767: 4761: 4758: 4752: 4749: 4743: 4740: 4734: 4731: 4725: 4722: 4716: 4713: 4707: 4704: 4698: 4695: 4689: 4686: 4680: 4677: 4671: 4668: 4662: 4659: 4653: 4650: 4644: 4641: 4635: 4632: 4626: 4623: 4617: 4614: 4608: 4605: 4599: 4596: 4590: 4587: 4581: 4578: 4572: 4569: 4563: 4560: 4554: 4551: 4545: 4542: 4536: 4533: 4527: 4524: 4518: 4515: 4509: 4506: 4500: 4497: 4491: 4488: 4482: 4479: 4473: 4470: 4464: 4461: 4455: 4452: 4446: 4443: 4437: 4434: 4428: 4425: 4419: 4416: 4410: 4407: 4401: 4398: 4392: 4389: 4383: 4380: 4374: 4371: 4365: 4362: 4356: 4353: 4347: 4344: 4338: 4335: 4329: 4326: 4320: 4317: 4311: 4308: 4302: 4299: 4293: 4290: 4284: 4281: 4275: 4272: 4266: 4263: 4257: 4254: 4248: 4245: 4239: 4236: 4230: 4227: 4221: 4218: 4212: 4209: 4203: 4200: 4194: 4191: 4185: 4182: 4176: 4173: 4167: 4164: 4158: 4155: 4149: 4146: 4140: 4137: 4131: 4128: 4122: 4119: 4113: 4110: 4104: 4101: 4095: 4092: 4086: 4083: 4077: 4074: 4052: 4050: 4044: 4043: 4028: 4026: 4025: 4017:Second World War 3998: 3996: 3994:kakushin bakuryō 3990: 3989: 3950:foreign minister 3895: 3894: 3891: 3885: 3884: 3868: 3867: 3864: 3858: 3857: 3787:To enlisted men! 3745: 3743: 3737: 3736: 3597: 3596: 3593: 3587: 3586: 3433: 3432: 3429: 3423: 3422: 3310: 3309: 3306: 3300: 3299: 3159:Tadashi Katakura 3009: 3007: 3001: 3000: 2993: 2991: 2985: 2984: 2935:Aichi Prefecture 2896:Finance Minister 2827:Saionji Kinmochi 2809:Support for the 2785: 2753: 2751: 2745: 2744: 2716:Jinzaburō Mazaki 2585: 2578: 2571: 2555: 2554: 1902:Nuremberg trials 1771:Beer Hall Putsch 1741:Yokusan Sonendan 1661:Fatherland Front 1541: 1531: 1521: 1511: 1501: 1491: 1481: 1476:My Autobiography 1471: 1461: 978:State capitalism 968:Social Darwinism 787:Authoritarianism 777:Anti-materialism 744: 721: 720: 671: 669: 668: 607: 605: 604: 589: 587: 581: 580: 572:Army War College 513:Jinzaburō Mazaki 417: 411: 409:Ni Ni-Roku Jiken 405: 404: 369: 368: 344: 343: 327: 283: 272: 261: 250: 239: 230: 218: 207: 195: 160: 158: 157: 147: 145: 144: 129: 128: 127: 119: 118: 38: 26: 25: 6145: 6144: 6140: 6139: 6138: 6136: 6135: 6134: 6105:Fascist revolts 6055: 6054: 6045: 6043: 6039: 6036: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6024: 6023: 6021: 6012: 5975: 5950: 5933:Blood tax riots 5919: 5900: 5891: 5881: 5864:Matsue incident 5840:May 15 incident 5808: 5741: 5736:Kinmon incident 5646:Shōchō uprising 5640:Jōkyū Rebellion 5616:Heiji Rebellion 5610:Hōgen Rebellion 5606: (939–940) 5588: (720–721) 5548: 5539: 5537: 5531: 5524: 5521: 5476:Storry, Richard 5404:Bix, Herbert P. 5400: 5395: 5390: 5386: 5381: 5377: 5372: 5368: 5363: 5359: 5354: 5350: 5345: 5341: 5336: 5332: 5327: 5323: 5318: 5314: 5309: 5305: 5300: 5296: 5291: 5287: 5282: 5278: 5273: 5269: 5264: 5260: 5255: 5251: 5246: 5242: 5237: 5233: 5228: 5224: 5219: 5215: 5210: 5206: 5201: 5197: 5192: 5188: 5183: 5179: 5174: 5170: 5165: 5161: 5156: 5152: 5147: 5143: 5138: 5134: 5129: 5125: 5120: 5116: 5111: 5107: 5102: 5098: 5093: 5089: 5084: 5080: 5075: 5071: 5066: 5062: 5057: 5053: 5048: 5044: 5039: 5035: 5030: 5026: 5021: 5017: 5012: 5008: 5003: 4999: 4994: 4990: 4985: 4981: 4976: 4972: 4959: 4957: 4953: 4948: 4944: 4939: 4935: 4930: 4926: 4921: 4917: 4912: 4908: 4903: 4899: 4894: 4890: 4885: 4881: 4876: 4872: 4867: 4863: 4858: 4854: 4849: 4845: 4840: 4836: 4831: 4827: 4822: 4818: 4813: 4809: 4804: 4800: 4795: 4791: 4786: 4782: 4777: 4773: 4768: 4764: 4759: 4755: 4750: 4746: 4741: 4737: 4732: 4728: 4723: 4719: 4714: 4710: 4705: 4701: 4696: 4692: 4687: 4683: 4678: 4674: 4669: 4665: 4660: 4656: 4651: 4647: 4642: 4638: 4633: 4629: 4624: 4620: 4615: 4611: 4606: 4602: 4597: 4593: 4588: 4584: 4579: 4575: 4570: 4566: 4561: 4557: 4552: 4548: 4543: 4539: 4534: 4530: 4525: 4521: 4516: 4512: 4507: 4503: 4498: 4494: 4489: 4485: 4480: 4476: 4471: 4467: 4462: 4458: 4453: 4449: 4444: 4440: 4435: 4431: 4426: 4422: 4417: 4413: 4408: 4404: 4399: 4395: 4390: 4386: 4381: 4377: 4372: 4368: 4363: 4359: 4354: 4350: 4345: 4341: 4336: 4332: 4327: 4323: 4318: 4314: 4309: 4305: 4300: 4296: 4291: 4287: 4282: 4278: 4273: 4269: 4264: 4260: 4255: 4251: 4246: 4242: 4237: 4233: 4228: 4224: 4219: 4215: 4210: 4206: 4201: 4197: 4192: 4188: 4183: 4179: 4174: 4170: 4165: 4161: 4156: 4152: 4147: 4143: 4138: 4134: 4129: 4125: 4120: 4116: 4111: 4107: 4102: 4098: 4093: 4089: 4084: 4080: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4038: 4020: 4005: 3984: 3981: 3962:Shigeru Yoshida 3941: 3892: 3879: 3865: 3852: 3849: 3828: 3796: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3773: 3731: 3704: 3669: 3617: 3594: 3581: 3524:Hajime Sugiyama 3520: 3463: 3447: 3430: 3417: 3402: 3374:Jōtarō Watanabe 3367: 3365:Watanabe Jōtarō 3338: 3326: 3321: 3307: 3294: 3291: 3271:Yasukuni Shrine 3249: 3244: 3221: 3210:military police 3194: 3120:Kazushige Ugaki 3098: 3066: 3061: 3020: 2995: 2979: 2943: 2907:Jōtarō Watanabe 2769: 2739: 2700:Imperial Palace 2691: 2665: 2663:Deciding to act 2660: 2652:media sensation 2648:Aizawa Incident 2614:Inukai Tsuyoshi 2607:May 15 Incident 2603: 2589: 2549: 2542: 2541: 2467:Culture of fear 2452: 2444: 2443: 2393: 2385: 2384: 2314:Neo-Eurasianism 2295:Neo-Legionarism 1997: 1989: 1988: 1987: 1986: 1967:Nazi ideologues 1920: 1912: 1911: 1786:Mukden Incident 1761: 1753: 1752: 1553: 1545: 1544: 1539: 1529: 1519: 1509: 1499: 1489: 1479: 1469: 1459: 1450: 1442: 1441: 1267: 1259: 1258: 1189:Primo de Rivera 1054: 1046: 1045: 1016: 1008: 1007: 1003:Totalitarianism 988:Supercapitalism 933:One-party state 862:Interventionism 757:Actual idealism 752: 719: 701:anti-capitalist 697:Prince Chichibu 695:, most notably 693:Imperial Family 663: 599: 575: 564: 556:Minister of War 521:Tetsuzan Nagata 478: 473: 453:Imperial Palace 441:prime ministers 426:Empire of Japan 399: 385: 383: 378: 376: 374: 354: 349: 333: 332: 331: 323: 319:Jōtarō Watanabe 309:Hajime Sugiyama 295:(Emperor Shōwa) 287: 286: 243:Takaji Muranaka 226: 191: 167: 166: 155: 153: 142: 140: 133: 125: 123: 67: 43: 41: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6143: 6133: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6018: 6017: 6014: 6013: 6011: 6010: 6004: 5998: 5995:Bloody May Day 5992: 5985: 5983: 5977: 5976: 5974: 5973: 5970:Kantō Massacre 5967: 5960: 5958: 5952: 5951: 5949: 5948: 5942: 5936: 5929: 5927: 5921: 5920: 5918: 5917: 5914:Jōkyō uprising 5911: 5904: 5902: 5893: 5892:civil disorder 5887: 5886: 5883: 5882: 5880: 5879: 5873: 5870:Sanmu incident 5867: 5861: 5858:Kyūjō incident 5855: 5849: 5843: 5837: 5831: 5825: 5822:March incident 5818: 5816: 5810: 5809: 5807: 5806: 5800: 5794: 5788: 5782: 5779:Hagi Rebellion 5776: 5770: 5764: 5761:Saga Rebellion 5758: 5751: 5749: 5743: 5742: 5740: 5739: 5733: 5730:Mito Rebellion 5727: 5721: 5715: 5709: 5703: 5697: 5691: 5688:Keian Uprising 5685: 5679: 5673: 5667: 5664:Kaga Rebellion 5661: 5655: 5649: 5643: 5637: 5631: 5625: 5619: 5613: 5607: 5601: 5595: 5589: 5583: 5577: 5574:Isshi incident 5571: 5568:Iwai Rebellion 5565: 5559: 5552: 5550: 5541: 5533: 5532: 5520: 5519: 5512: 5505: 5497: 5491: 5490: 5483: 5473: 5466: 5459: 5448: 5441: 5434: 5427: 5420: 5413: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5393: 5384: 5375: 5366: 5357: 5348: 5339: 5330: 5321: 5312: 5303: 5294: 5285: 5276: 5267: 5258: 5249: 5240: 5231: 5222: 5213: 5204: 5195: 5186: 5177: 5168: 5159: 5150: 5141: 5132: 5123: 5114: 5105: 5096: 5087: 5078: 5069: 5060: 5051: 5042: 5033: 5024: 5015: 5006: 4997: 4988: 4979: 4970: 4951: 4942: 4933: 4924: 4915: 4906: 4897: 4888: 4879: 4870: 4861: 4852: 4843: 4834: 4825: 4816: 4807: 4798: 4789: 4780: 4771: 4762: 4753: 4744: 4735: 4726: 4717: 4708: 4699: 4690: 4681: 4672: 4663: 4654: 4645: 4636: 4627: 4618: 4609: 4600: 4591: 4582: 4573: 4564: 4555: 4546: 4537: 4528: 4519: 4510: 4501: 4492: 4483: 4474: 4465: 4456: 4447: 4438: 4429: 4420: 4411: 4402: 4393: 4384: 4375: 4366: 4357: 4348: 4339: 4330: 4321: 4312: 4303: 4294: 4285: 4276: 4267: 4258: 4249: 4240: 4231: 4222: 4213: 4204: 4195: 4186: 4177: 4168: 4159: 4150: 4141: 4132: 4123: 4114: 4105: 4096: 4087: 4078: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4004: 4001: 3980: 3977: 3940: 3937: 3922:Fumimaro Konoe 3848: 3845: 3827: 3824: 3772: 3769: 3760:commit suicide 3703: 3700: 3684:Imperial Hotel 3668: 3665: 3616: 3613: 3556: 3555: 3552: 3549: 3546: 3543: 3519: 3512: 3462: 3459: 3446: 3443: 3401: 3398: 3366: 3363: 3337: 3336:Kantarō Suzuki 3334: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3290: 3287: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3229:, a prominent 3220: 3216:Attack on the 3214: 3193: 3192:Makino Nobuaki 3190: 3170:March Incident 3166: 3165: 3162: 3155:Hiroshi Nemoto 3147: 3118:The arrest of 3116: 3113: 3097: 3094: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3019: 3016: 2962:basic training 2942: 2939: 2920: 2919: 2912: 2909: 2903: 2902: 2899: 2893: 2887: 2886: 2883: 2877: 2871: 2870: 2867: 2862: 2860:Kantarō Suzuki 2856: 2855: 2852:Prince Fushimi 2848: 2845: 2843:Makino Nobuaki 2839: 2838: 2835: 2829: 2823: 2822: 2807: 2805:Prime Minister 2802: 2796: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2724:Kanji Ishiwara 2690: 2687: 2664: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2629:military court 2611:Prime Minister 2591: 2590: 2588: 2587: 2580: 2573: 2565: 2562: 2561: 2560: 2559: 2544: 2543: 2540: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2527:Social fascism 2524: 2519: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2487:Feudal fascism 2484: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2453: 2451:Related topics 2450: 2449: 2446: 2445: 2442: 2441: 2440: 2439: 2434: 2424: 2423: 2422: 2412: 2411: 2410: 2400: 2394: 2391: 2390: 2387: 2386: 2383: 2382: 2377: 2376: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2355: 2354: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2336:Third Position 2333: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2317: 2316: 2306: 2305: 2304: 2299: 2298: 2297: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2273: 2272: 2262: 2261: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2249: 2248: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2207: 2206: 2201: 2191: 2190: 2189: 2188: 2187: 2177: 2169: 2168: 2167: 2157: 2156: 2155: 2145: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2119: 2118: 2113: 2112: 2111: 2110: 2109: 2104: 2098:Neo-Pétainism 2091: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2055: 2054: 2044: 2039: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2018: 2017: 2012: 2004: 1998: 1995: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1985: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1923: 1922: 1921: 1918: 1917: 1914: 1913: 1910: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1898: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1846: 1845: 1840: 1830: 1825: 1824: 1823: 1813: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1755: 1754: 1751: 1750: 1745: 1744: 1743: 1738: 1728: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1693: 1688: 1683: 1678: 1673: 1668: 1666:FE de las JONS 1663: 1658: 1653: 1648: 1643: 1642: 1641: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1620: 1619: 1609: 1604: 1603: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1572: 1571: 1570: 1565: 1554: 1551: 1550: 1547: 1546: 1543: 1542: 1532: 1522: 1512: 1502: 1492: 1482: 1472: 1462: 1451: 1448: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1440: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1367:von Liebenfels 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1268: 1265: 1264: 1261: 1260: 1257: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1176: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1044: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1017: 1014: 1013: 1010: 1009: 1006: 1005: 1000: 998:Third Position 995: 990: 985: 980: 975: 970: 965: 960: 955: 950: 945: 940: 935: 930: 925: 924: 923: 918: 913: 903: 898: 893: 888: 881: 876: 875: 874: 869: 859: 857:Indoctrination 854: 849: 844: 842:Heroic realism 839: 834: 829: 824: 819: 814: 809: 804: 799: 794: 789: 784: 779: 774: 769: 767:Anti-communism 764: 759: 753: 750: 749: 746: 745: 737: 736: 730: 729: 718: 715: 563: 560: 477: 474: 472: 469: 391: 390: 387: 386: 381: 379: 372: 365: 364: 360: 359: 356: 355: 352: 350: 347: 340: 339: 335: 334: 330: 329: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 289: 288: 285: 284: 273: 262: 251: 240: 232: 219: 208: 197: 183: 182: 181: 178: 177: 173: 172: 169: 168: 165: 164: 151: 137: 136: 134: 131:Righteous Army 122: 115: 114: 110: 109: 108: 107: 104: 94: 90: 89: 88: 87: 81: 73: 69: 68: 59: 57: 53: 52: 49: 45: 44: 39: 31: 30: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6142: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6070:1936 in Japan 6068: 6066: 6063: 6062: 6060: 6053: 6050: 6008: 6005: 6002: 6001:Shinjuku riot 5999: 5996: 5993: 5990: 5987: 5986: 5984: 5982: 5978: 5971: 5968: 5965: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5957: 5953: 5946: 5943: 5940: 5937: 5934: 5931: 5930: 5928: 5926: 5922: 5915: 5912: 5909: 5906: 5905: 5903: 5897: 5894: 5888: 5877: 5874: 5871: 5868: 5865: 5862: 5859: 5856: 5853: 5850: 5847: 5844: 5841: 5838: 5835: 5832: 5829: 5826: 5823: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5815: 5811: 5804: 5801: 5798: 5795: 5792: 5789: 5786: 5783: 5780: 5777: 5774: 5771: 5768: 5765: 5762: 5759: 5756: 5753: 5752: 5750: 5748: 5744: 5737: 5734: 5731: 5728: 5725: 5722: 5719: 5716: 5713: 5710: 5707: 5704: 5701: 5698: 5695: 5692: 5689: 5686: 5683: 5680: 5677: 5674: 5671: 5668: 5665: 5662: 5659: 5656: 5653: 5650: 5647: 5644: 5641: 5638: 5635: 5632: 5629: 5626: 5623: 5620: 5617: 5614: 5611: 5608: 5605: 5604:Tengyō no Ran 5602: 5599: 5596: 5593: 5590: 5587: 5584: 5581: 5578: 5575: 5572: 5569: 5566: 5563: 5560: 5557: 5554: 5553: 5551: 5545: 5542: 5534: 5528: 5518: 5513: 5511: 5506: 5504: 5499: 5498: 5495: 5488: 5484: 5481: 5477: 5474: 5471: 5470:History Today 5467: 5464: 5460: 5457: 5456:Asahi Shimbun 5453: 5449: 5446: 5442: 5439: 5435: 5432: 5428: 5425: 5421: 5418: 5414: 5411: 5410: 5405: 5402: 5401: 5388: 5379: 5370: 5361: 5352: 5343: 5334: 5325: 5316: 5307: 5298: 5289: 5280: 5271: 5262: 5253: 5244: 5235: 5226: 5217: 5208: 5199: 5190: 5181: 5172: 5163: 5154: 5145: 5136: 5127: 5118: 5109: 5100: 5091: 5082: 5073: 5064: 5055: 5046: 5037: 5028: 5019: 5010: 5001: 4992: 4983: 4974: 4964: 4955: 4946: 4937: 4928: 4919: 4910: 4901: 4892: 4883: 4874: 4865: 4856: 4847: 4838: 4829: 4820: 4811: 4802: 4793: 4784: 4775: 4766: 4757: 4748: 4739: 4730: 4721: 4712: 4703: 4694: 4685: 4676: 4667: 4658: 4649: 4640: 4631: 4622: 4613: 4604: 4595: 4586: 4577: 4568: 4559: 4550: 4541: 4532: 4523: 4514: 4505: 4496: 4487: 4478: 4469: 4460: 4451: 4442: 4433: 4424: 4415: 4406: 4397: 4388: 4379: 4370: 4361: 4352: 4343: 4334: 4325: 4316: 4307: 4298: 4289: 4280: 4271: 4262: 4253: 4244: 4235: 4226: 4217: 4208: 4199: 4190: 4181: 4172: 4163: 4154: 4145: 4136: 4127: 4118: 4109: 4100: 4091: 4082: 4073: 4069: 4062: 4060: 4056: 4049: 4036: 4032: 4018: 4009: 4003:Commemoration 4000: 3995: 3976: 3974: 3970: 3965: 3963: 3959: 3958:Hachirō Arita 3955: 3951: 3947: 3936: 3934: 3930: 3925: 3923: 3917: 3913: 3911: 3908:to a fine of 3907: 3901: 3899: 3890: 3877: 3876:court martial 3871: 3863: 3840: 3832: 3823: 3820: 3815: 3813: 3809: 3803: 3795: 3785: 3777: 3768: 3764: 3761: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3742: 3727: 3721: 3717: 3712: 3708: 3699: 3696: 3691: 3689: 3685: 3680: 3676: 3674: 3664: 3662: 3661: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3630: 3629:Prince Kan'in 3626: 3621: 3612: 3609: 3608:Privy Council 3605: 3600: 3592: 3579: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3553: 3550: 3547: 3544: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3525: 3517: 3511: 3509: 3499: 3495: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3475: 3472: 3468: 3467:Shigeru Honjō 3455: 3451: 3442: 3440: 3439:Home Minister 3435: 3428: 3416: 3413:the police's 3406: 3397: 3395: 3391: 3385: 3383: 3375: 3371: 3362: 3354: 3350: 3347: 3346:coup de grace 3343: 3333: 3331: 3316: 3312: 3305: 3286: 3282: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3263: 3257: 3253: 3239: 3237: 3232: 3228: 3227: 3226:Asahi Shimbun 3219: 3218:Asahi Shimbun 3213: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3189: 3187: 3186:Motoo Furushō 3183: 3179: 3174: 3171: 3163: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3136:Kuniaki Koiso 3133: 3132:Kwantung Army 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3110: 3109: 3107: 3103: 3089: 3085: 3082: 3077: 3070: 3064:Okada Keisuke 3056: 3054: 3050: 3045: 3043: 3039: 3038: 3033: 3024: 3015: 3013: 3006: 2990: 2976: 2974: 2970: 2965: 2963: 2959: 2958: 2947: 2938: 2936: 2932: 2926: 2917: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2904: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2889: 2888: 2884: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2872: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2840: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2828: 2825: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2800:Keisuke Okada 2798: 2797: 2786: 2783: 2779: 2777: 2770: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2758: 2750: 2749:Kekki Shuisho 2736: 2733: 2729: 2728:Shigeru Honjō 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2707: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2686: 2682: 2680: 2679:direct action 2674: 2671: 2655: 2653: 2649: 2644: 2642: 2636: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2621: 2619: 2615: 2612: 2608: 2602: 2598: 2586: 2581: 2579: 2574: 2572: 2567: 2566: 2564: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2547: 2546: 2545: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2517:Proto-fascism 2515: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2454: 2448: 2447: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2429: 2428: 2427:South America 2425: 2421: 2418: 2417: 2416: 2415:North America 2413: 2409: 2406: 2405: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2395: 2389: 2388: 2381: 2378: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2360: 2359: 2356: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2338: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2315: 2312: 2311: 2310: 2307: 2303: 2300: 2296: 2293: 2292: 2291: 2288: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2271: 2268: 2267: 2266: 2263: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2247: 2244: 2243: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2223: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2196: 2195: 2192: 2186: 2183: 2182: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2172: 2170: 2166: 2163: 2162: 2161: 2158: 2154: 2151: 2150: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2117: 2114: 2108: 2105: 2103: 2100: 2099: 2097: 2096: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2086: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2008: 2007: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1999: 1993: 1992: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1927:Anti-fascists 1925: 1924: 1916: 1915: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1880:The Holocaust 1878: 1877: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1870:Peasant March 1868: 1866: 1865:Pact of Steel 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1855:Kristallnacht 1853: 1851: 1848: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1835: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1822: 1819: 1818: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1766:March on Rome 1764: 1763: 1757: 1756: 1749: 1746: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1733: 1732: 1729: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1684: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1647: 1644: 1640: 1637: 1636: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1618: 1615: 1614: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1577: 1576: 1573: 1569: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1559: 1556: 1555: 1552:Organizations 1549: 1548: 1538: 1537: 1533: 1528: 1527: 1523: 1518: 1517: 1513: 1507: 1503: 1498: 1497: 1493: 1488: 1487: 1483: 1478: 1477: 1473: 1468: 1467: 1463: 1457: 1453: 1452: 1446: 1445: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1269: 1266:Intellectuals 1263: 1262: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1182: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1056: 1050: 1049: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1012: 1011: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 956: 954: 951: 949: 946: 944: 941: 939: 938:Perpetual war 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 908: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 892: 889: 887: 886: 882: 880: 879:Irrationalism 877: 873: 870: 868: 865: 864: 863: 860: 858: 855: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843: 840: 838: 835: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 822:Direct action 820: 818: 815: 813: 810: 808: 805: 803: 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 783: 782:Anti-pacifism 780: 778: 775: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 754: 748: 747: 743: 739: 738: 735: 732: 731: 727: 723: 722: 714: 710: 708: 707: 702: 698: 694: 689: 687: 683: 679: 675: 661: 657: 652: 650: 649:working class 646: 643: 639: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 611: 598: 597: 591: 586: 573: 569: 559: 557: 553: 552: 547: 543: 539: 535: 534: 529: 524: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 486: 482: 468: 465: 461: 456: 454: 450: 449:Keisuke Okada 446: 442: 437: 435: 431: 427: 423: 422: 415: 414:2–26 incident 410: 398: 380: 371: 370: 366: 361: 351: 346: 345: 341: 336: 328: 326: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 294: 291: 290: 282: 277: 274: 271: 266: 263: 260: 255: 254:Asaichi Isobe 252: 249: 244: 241: 238: 233: 231: 229: 223: 220: 217: 212: 209: 206: 201: 200:Kiyosada Kōda 198: 196: 194: 188: 185: 184: 179: 174: 163: 152: 150: 139: 138: 135: 132: 121: 120: 116: 111: 105: 102: 98: 97: 95: 91: 86: 83:Purge of the 82: 80: 76: 75: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 46: 37: 32: 27: 22: 6022: 6009: (1970) 6003: (1968) 5997: (1952) 5991: (1946) 5972: (1923) 5966: (1918) 5947: (1905) 5941: (1886) 5935: (1873) 5916: (1686) 5910: (1441) 5878: (1970) 5872: (1961) 5866: (1945) 5860: (1945) 5854: (1936) 5851: 5848: (1934) 5842: (1932) 5836: (1932) 5830: (1931) 5824: (1931) 5805: (1884) 5799: (1882) 5793: (1878) 5787: (1877) 5781: (1876) 5775: (1876) 5769: (1876) 5763: (1874) 5757: (1868) 5738: (1864) 5732: (1864) 5726: (1863) 5714:(1862, 1866) 5708: (1837) 5702: (1789) 5690: (1651) 5678: (1603) 5654: (1441) 5648: (1428) 5642: (1221) 5636: (1201) 5630: (1184) 5624: (1177) 5618: (1160) 5612: (1156) 5486: 5479: 5469: 5462: 5455: 5451: 5444: 5437: 5430: 5423: 5416: 5412:. Perennial. 5407: 5387: 5378: 5369: 5360: 5351: 5342: 5333: 5324: 5315: 5306: 5297: 5288: 5279: 5270: 5261: 5252: 5243: 5234: 5225: 5216: 5207: 5198: 5189: 5180: 5171: 5162: 5153: 5144: 5135: 5126: 5117: 5108: 5099: 5090: 5081: 5072: 5063: 5054: 5045: 5036: 5027: 5018: 5009: 5000: 4991: 4982: 4973: 4954: 4945: 4936: 4927: 4918: 4909: 4900: 4891: 4882: 4873: 4864: 4855: 4846: 4837: 4828: 4819: 4810: 4801: 4792: 4783: 4774: 4765: 4756: 4747: 4738: 4729: 4720: 4711: 4702: 4693: 4684: 4675: 4666: 4657: 4648: 4639: 4630: 4621: 4612: 4603: 4594: 4585: 4576: 4567: 4558: 4549: 4540: 4531: 4522: 4513: 4504: 4495: 4486: 4477: 4468: 4459: 4450: 4441: 4432: 4423: 4414: 4405: 4396: 4387: 4378: 4369: 4360: 4351: 4342: 4333: 4324: 4315: 4306: 4297: 4288: 4279: 4270: 4261: 4252: 4243: 4234: 4225: 4216: 4207: 4198: 4189: 4180: 4171: 4162: 4153: 4144: 4135: 4126: 4117: 4108: 4099: 4090: 4081: 4072: 4014: 3982: 3966: 3942: 3929:firing squad 3926: 3918: 3914: 3902: 3872: 3850: 3816: 3804: 3800: 3794: 3765: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3728: 3724: 3720:Kōhei Kashii 3705: 3695:Nobuyuki Abe 3692: 3681: 3677: 3670: 3658: 3644: 3622: 3618: 3601: 3574: 3562: 3558: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3521: 3515: 3507: 3504: 3476: 3471:aide-de-camp 3464: 3436: 3411: 3386: 3379: 3376:'s dead body 3359: 3345: 3339: 3327: 3324:Saitō Makoto 3313: 3292: 3283: 3268: 3224: 3222: 3217: 3195: 3175: 3167: 3157:, and Major 3099: 3078: 3075: 3046: 3035: 3029: 2977: 2969:1st Division 2966: 2955: 2952: 2927: 2923: 2915: 2875:Saitō Makoto 2818: 2815:organ theory 2781: 2772: 2765: 2761: 2755: 2737: 2732:Kōhei Kashii 2708: 2695: 2692: 2683: 2675: 2666: 2658:Preparations 2645: 2637: 2622: 2604: 2537:Uyoku dantai 2512:Post-fascism 2507:Para-fascism 2462:Anti-fascism 2392:By continent 2165:Intransigent 2102:Jeune Nation 2010:Nacionalismo 1982:SS personnel 1972:Nazi leaders 1875:World War II 1796:Enabling Act 1711:Rexist Party 1676:Kataeb Party 1617:Ustaše Youth 1585:Hitler Youth 1534: 1524: 1514: 1494: 1484: 1474: 1464: 973:Social order 916:Palingenetic 883: 817:Dictatorship 802:Conspiracism 711: 704: 690: 653: 594: 592: 585:seinen shōkō 568:Army Academy 565: 549: 533:Hokushin-ron 531: 528:Soviet Union 525: 501:Meiji period 497:factionalism 490: 457: 438: 419: 413: 396: 394: 324: 314:Kōhei Kashii 276:Naoshi Sakai 227: 222:Hisashi Kōno 192: 187:Shirō Nonaka 176:Lead figures 6044: / 6032:139°41′49″E 5666:(1487–1488) 5660:(1485–1493) 5600: (764) 5594: (740) 5582: (672) 5576: (645) 5570: (527) 5564: (479) 5558: (463) 4055:Azabu-Jūban 3946:Kōki Hirota 3771:Final hours 3730:"rebellion" 3625:triumvirate 3604:martial law 3591:senji keibi 3518:recognition 3483:Lord Keeper 3479:Kōichi Kido 3474:as to how. 3394:machine gun 3275:Meiji Jingū 3140:Korean Army 3128:Jirō Minami 3005:Sonnō Tōkan 2776:Restoration 2532:Supremacism 2522:Red fascism 2368:Revisionism 2351:Nazi-Maoism 2321:Syndicalist 2290:Legionarism 2253:Strasserism 2211:LaRoucheism 2185:Restoration 1721:Axis powers 1563:Blackshirts 1387:Nihal Atsız 1347:de Gobineau 1282:Chamberlain 1254:Van Severen 1224:Starhemberg 1144:Monshizadeh 1053:Politicians 1021:Definitions 906:Nationalism 891:Masculinity 852:Imperialism 807:Corporatism 631:nationalist 551:Nanshin-ron 509:Sadao Araki 485:Sadao Araki 421:coup d'état 373:19 executed 348:1,483–1,558 211:Teruzō Andō 93:Resulted in 6059:Categories 6029:35°39′51″N 5964:Rice riots 5956:Taishō era 5899:Pre-Modern 5547:Pre-Modern 5540:rebellions 5398:References 3948:, Okada's 3889:hanran-zai 3812:Desertions 3688:compromise 3660:rikusentai 3236:type trays 3180:, General 3153:, Colonel 3151:Akira Mutō 3042:Ii Naosuke 2595:See also: 2277:Pan-Turkic 2241:Neo-Nazism 2006:Argentine 1624:Blueshirts 1607:Iron Guard 1575:Nazi Party 1568:Squadrismo 1466:Mein Kampf 1449:Literature 1302:De Benoist 1292:D'Annunzio 1287:Chesterton 1199:Rodzaevsky 1139:von Marées 1074:Böszörmény 993:Syncretism 983:Statolatry 953:Propaganda 896:Militarism 792:Chauvinism 751:Principles 660:lieutenant 647:family or 515:, and the 471:Background 6007:Koza riot 5981:Shōwa era 5925:Meiji era 5890:Riots and 5814:Shōwa era 5747:Meiji era 5538:coups and 5536:Attempted 3826:Aftermath 3746:instead. 3714:Order in 3673:stalemate 3655:Tokyo Bay 3651:1st Fleet 3530:council. 3342:Kōjimachi 3200:Itōya in 3182:Ryū Saitō 3106:manifesto 3034:in which 3012:Shogunate 2957:pro forma 2931:Toyohashi 2817:" of the 2791:Position 2670:Manchuria 2457:Alt-right 2358:Uruguayan 2286:Romanian 2236:Hitlerism 2171:Japanese 2128:Hungarism 2116:Valoisism 2094:Pétainism 2089:Doriotism 2079:Francoism 2074:Falangism 2047:Christian 2042:Chiangism 2032:Brazilian 2027:Banderism 1417:Rosenberg 1377:Marinetti 1352:Haushofer 1154:Mussolini 1041:Symbolism 1026:Economics 827:Dirigisme 638:Ikki Kita 635:socialist 542:total war 103:influence 5478:(1957). 5406:(2000). 3647:admirals 3578:garrison 3516:de facto 3454:Hanzōmon 3202:Yugawara 3049:barracks 3018:Uprising 2762:zaibatsu 2704:Hirohito 2492:Futurism 2408:Bulgaria 2380:Ustašism 2231:Esoteric 2226:Austrian 2216:Mystical 2199:Kahanism 2138:Ilminism 2123:Hindutva 2059:Clerical 2022:Austrian 1996:Variants 1639:Stewards 1402:Panunzio 1397:Olivetti 1372:von List 1277:Bardèche 1272:Baeumler 1229:Strasser 1169:Quisling 1109:Degrelle 1094:Codreanu 943:Populism 911:Integral 885:Machismo 867:Economic 832:Eugenics 726:a series 724:Part of 706:zaibatsu 517:Tōsei-ha 293:Hirohito 99:Loss of 85:Tōsei-ha 79:Hirohito 56:Location 5433:(21:3). 4035:Samurai 3933:Shibuya 3819:suicide 3508:kokutai 3382:Ogikubo 3330:Yotsuya 3304:fuentai 3231:liberal 3142:), and 2916:kokutai 2819:kokutai 2766:kokutai 2696:kokutai 2641:cabinet 2477:F-scale 2437:Uruguay 2363:Marzism 2309:Russian 2270:Finnish 2258:Swedish 2246:Russian 2180:Statism 2160:Italian 2148:Islamic 2037:British 1944: ( 1760:History 1701:Ratniks 1580:Gestapo 1427:Spirito 1422:Schmitt 1382:Michels 1337:Gentile 1234:Szálasi 1219:Starace 1209:Salgado 1174:Pavelić 1164:O'Duffy 1099:Darnand 928:New Man 847:Heroism 734:Fascism 645:peasant 610:Emperor 596:kokutai 505:Kōdō-ha 464:Kōdō-ha 434:purging 424:in the 325:† 228:† 193:† 113:Parties 101:Kōdō-ha 5672:(1591) 4963:mitomu 4059:Kannon 4042:二十二士之墓 3856:特設軍法会議 3847:Trials 3741:hanran 3489:; and 3279:pistol 3198:ryokan 3037:shishi 2633:indict 2599:, and 2420:Canada 2403:Europe 2373:Sosism 2331:Techno 2282:Rexism 2221:Nazism 2194:Jewish 2153:Ziaism 2084:French 2064:Crypto 1612:Ustaše 1540:(2001) 1530:(1997) 1520:(1948) 1510:(1932) 1500:(1931) 1490:(1930) 1480:(1928) 1470:(1925) 1460:(1919) 1437:Yockey 1432:Valois 1317:Eckart 1249:Valois 1244:Türkeş 1204:Saadeh 1179:Pelley 1159:Nakano 1149:Mosley 1134:Ljotić 1129:Hitler 1119:Franco 1114:Doriot 1084:Bucard 1079:Bottai 1059:Arcand 1015:Topics 958:Racism 872:Social 623:Throne 460:mutiny 403:二・二六事件 353:23,841 338:Number 321: 278: 267: 256: 245: 224: 213: 202: 189: 159: 146: 5901:Japan 5549:Japan 4065:Notes 3960:over 3806:over 3421:特別警備隊 3390:futon 2989:gigun 2832:Genrō 2788:Name 2757:genrō 2743:蹶起趣意書 2143:Irish 1919:Lists 1412:Ramos 1407:Pound 1392:Ōkawa 1342:Giani 1332:Freda 1327:Feder 1322:Evola 1312:Dugin 1297:Darré 1194:Ramos 1184:Preto 1089:Ciano 1069:Balbo 1064:Araki 921:Ultra 678:March 667:国体原理派 656:Tokyo 627:purge 546:China 445:Tokyo 72:Goals 65:Japan 61:Tokyo 3988:革新幕僚 3973:Diet 3585:戦時警備 3273:(or 2999:尊皇討奸 2618:coup 2432:Peru 2398:Asia 2133:Hutu 2002:Arab 1362:Kita 1357:Jung 1307:Devi 1239:Tiso 1214:Sima 1124:Goga 1104:Déat 686:navy 680:and 642:poor 579:青年将校 491:The 395:The 48:Date 4024:佛心会 3910:JP¥ 3883:反乱罪 3808:NHK 3298:赴援隊 3134:), 3126:), 2265:Neo 2069:Eco 1961:U-Z 1956:N-T 1951:G-M 1946:A-F 1590:RAD 6061:: 5454:. 4045:, 3991:, 3975:. 3900:. 3886:, 3859:, 3738:, 3735:叛乱 3588:, 3424:, 3301:, 3212:. 3204:, 3002:, 2986:, 2983:義軍 2933:, 2821:. 2746:, 2726:, 2722:, 2718:, 2714:, 1600:SS 1595:SA 1508:" 1458:" 728:on 603:国体 590:. 582:, 523:. 406:, 63:, 5516:e 5509:t 5502:v 5458:. 4966:) 4960:( 4051:) 4039:( 4037:" 4027:) 4021:( 3997:) 3985:( 3893:) 3880:( 3866:) 3853:( 3744:) 3732:( 3595:) 3582:( 3431:) 3418:( 3308:) 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February 26 incident

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