Federal Security Service

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monitored (bugged) by the FSB in order to be informed of the laboratory's activities. This could not be independently verified by the IC, but the reported statements demonstrate the perceptions of laboratory officials, who believe they are under constant state surveillance. This perception is also fuelled by the FSB's regular visits to the laboratory and the questioning of its staff members. For example, the IC learned that staff members were routinely questioned by FSB upon their return from global laboratory and WADA seminars. Following the airing of the ARD documentary, select laboratory staff members were directed by the FSB not to cooperate with the WADA investigation.

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deputy director and nine other deputy directors, including one possible state secretary and the chiefs of six departments: Economic Security Department, Counterintelligence Department, Organizational and Personnel Service, Department of activity provision, Department for Analysis, Forecasting and Strategic Planning, Department for Protection of the Constitutional System and the Fight against Terrorism.

705:, who was behind the Beslan tragedy and several other high-profile terrorist acts. According to the FSB, the operation was planned over six months and made possible due to the FSB's increased activities in foreign countries that were supplying arms to the terrorists. Basayev was tracked via surveillance of this arms trafficking. He and other militants were preparing to carry out a terrorist attack in 6077: 1937:, in occupied Crimea, the FSB used torture with elements of sexual violence against pro-Ukrainian activists, forcing them to confess to crimes related to terrorism. The detainees were, allegedly, beaten, tortured with electric shocks in the genitals and threatened with rape. Some, such as Oleh Sentsov, have been detained and accused in politically motivated 836: 599:; the need to end the permanent infighting between the FSB, FAPSI and the Border Guards due to their overlapping functions; and the need for more efficient response to migration, drug trafficking and illegal arms trading. In addition, the FSB was the sole power base of the new president, so the restructuring strengthened his position (see 824:, the FSB Ukraine team greatly expanded July 2021, and by February 2022 it had "around 200 officers" although most teams consist of only 10–20. Before the 2022 invasion, intelligence agencies in Ukraine, Germany, the UK, and the US reported that the FSB planned to replace elected leaders of Ukraine with Ukrainians now living in Russia. 2132:, the Centre of Sports Preparation of the National Teams of Russia, the FSB, and the WADA-accredited laboratory in Moscow "operated for the protection of doped Russian athletes" within a "state-directed failsafe system" using "the disappearing positive methodology". In a second McLaren Report released December 2016, it was found that 7894: 8417: 9339: 591:, with its staff of 210,000, was integrated to the FSB via a decree signed on 11 March 2003. The merger was completed by 1 July 2003. In addition, The Federal Agency of Government Communication and Information (FAPSI) was abolished, and the FSB was granted a major part of its functions, while other parts went to the 1240:(FPS) has been part of the FSB since 2003. Russia has 61,000 kilometers (38,000 mi) of sea and land borders, 7,500 kilometers (4,700 mi) of which is with Kazakhstan, and 4,000 kilometers (2,500 mi) with China. One kilometer (.62 miles) of border protection costs around 1 million rubles per year. 3543:

touch. A Ukrainian intelligence official said the FSB had spent millions recruiting a network of pro-Russian collaborators who ultimately told Putin and his top advisers, among them the current FSB director, what they wanted to hear: The central government in Kyiv wouldn't hold and resistance would collapse.

732:'s Foreign Policy magazine named Russia as "the worst place to be a terrorist" and highlighted especially Russia's willingness to prioritize national security over civil rights. By 2010, Russian forces led by the FSB had managed to eliminate the top level leadership of the Chechen insurgency, except for 2098:

was required to meet with Evgeniy Blotkin weekly to update him on the "mood of WADA". One laboratory staff member provided information to IC investigators about the suspected bugging or wiretapping of telephones, while another staff member reported that office spaces within the Moscow laboratory were

868:

were tapped and released publicly. Ukrainian intelligence reported that FSB members were leaking intelligence to them, including the location of the Chechen commandos sent to assassinate Zelensky. In late March, Ukrainian intelligence posted online the names, addresses, phone numbers, and more of 620

775:

expanded the FSB's powers in its fight against terrorism. FSB officers received the power to issue warnings to citizens on actions that could lead to committing crimes and arrest people for 15 days if they fail to comply with legitimate orders given by the officers. The bill was harshly criticized by

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The names and addresses of 620 people who are said to be FSB officers were published yesterday in what Kyiv said was a huge data breach of the Russian security agency...As well as names and addresses, the list includes details of agents' cars such as their numberplates, their phone numbers and dates

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The Russian military had been using an encrypted communication system called 'Era' to communicate with commanders and fellow soldiers to prevent eavesdropping. Since the 3G/4G towers needed for Era to operate have been destroyed, Ukrainian intelligence has intercepted phone calls, including one made

3115:

Beseda was wanted by Ukraine for questioning in the aftermath of the anti-Russian Maidan revolution in February 2014, believing he was part of a failed attempt to take control of violent efforts to suppress the popular protests. Moscow said he was present to help ensure the protection of the Russian

3011:

The KGB's Fifth Service had been responsible for counterintelligence in the territories of the former Soviet Union. When the KGB became the FSB in the 1990s, and these territories became independent states, the Fifth Service transitioned into an intelligence agency targeting Russia's neighbours. Its

2908:

Since 2014, the agency had spent a lot of time and resources on attempts to foment unrest in western Ukraine among far-right groups, which ultimately came to nothing, Soldatov said. Their assessments of popular support among Ukrainians for a Russian invasion and the extent to which the country would

1002:

In 2011, the FSB said it had exposed 199 foreign spies, including 41 professional spies and 158 agents employed by foreign intelligence services. The number has risen in recent years: in 2006 the FSB reportedly caught about 27 foreign intelligence officers and 89 foreign agents. Comparing the number

546:

ended and the separatists changed tactics to guerilla warfare, overall command of the federal forces in Chechnya was transferred from the military to the FSB in January 2001. While the army lacked technical means of tracking the guerrilla groups, the FSB suffered from insufficient human intelligence

513:

made the tasks of the FSB more specific, giving the FSB substantial rights to conduct cryptographic work, and described the powers of the FSB director. The number of deputy directors was increased to eight: two first deputies, five deputies responsible for departments and directorates and one deputy

2976:

The FSB unit that conducts foreign political analysis -- the Ninth Directorate of the Fifth Service – commissioned public opinion polls in Ukraine earlier in February, weeks before the war...The surveys suggest that Ukrainians' main concerns prior to the war were mundane things: food prices, energy

2289:

from the FSB Border Service and lightly equipped army infantry units (all male citizens of Russia aged 18–30 are subject to conscription for 1 year of active duty military service), who suffered heavy losses in combat with experienced Ukrainian troops. Some of the conscripts stationed on the border

1340:

Media reporting has documented close connections between the FSB and criminal and civilian hackers, which the FSB reportedly uses to augment and staff its cyber units. DOJ has indicted multiple Russian hackers for a variety of criminal and state-sponsored cyber activities. Many of these indictments

1311:

The FSB reportedly has two primary centers overseeing its information security and cyber operations. The first is the 16th Center, which houses most of the FSB's signals intelligence capabilities. The FSB also includes the 18th Center for Information Security, which oversees domestic operations and

943:

Several current and former officials described the Russian security service as rife with corruption, beset by bureaucratic bloat and ultimately out of touch. A Ukrainian intelligence official said the FSB had spent millions recruiting a network of pro-Russian collaborators who ultimately told Putin

606:

On 28 June 2004, in a speech to high-ranking FSB officers, Putin emphasized three major tasks of the agency: neutralizing foreign espionage, safeguarding the economic and financial security of the country, and combating organized crime. In September 2006, the FSB was shaken up by a major reshuffle.

3542:

In U.S. and European intelligence circles, the FSB's reputation stands in contrast to the ruthless, cunning reputation of its predecessor, the KGB. Several current and former officials described the Russian security service as rife with corruption, beset by bureaucratic bloat and ultimately out of

3085:

The most concerning development to Ukraine is the expansion of FSB resources targeting Ukraine. Within the FSB's Fifth Service, run by Colonel General Sergei Beseda, the Department for Operational Information has teams dedicated to most of the 'territories' of the former Soviet Union. Most teams

1323:

Media reporting indicates FSB units are capable of manufacturing their own advanced malware tools and have been documented manipulating exposed malware to mimic other hacking teams and conceal their activities. Reporting indicates the FSB oversees training and research institutes, which directly

788:

The FSB's Fifth Service, also referred to as the "Department for Operational Information" and "Operational Information and International Relations Service" is stated by the BBC and Radio Free Europe as counterintelligence in former territories of the Soviet Union, work formerly done by the KGB's

583:

launched a major reorganization of the FSB. First, the FSB was placed under direct control of the President by a decree issued on 17 May 2000. The internal structure of the agency was reformed by a decree signed on 17 June 2000. In the resulting structure, the FSB was to have a director, a first

2943:

Back in 1992 Russia's Foreign Intelligence Service, the SVR, signed a deal with Ukraine and neighbouring states not to spy on them. That left the way open for the FSB which grew in power, particularly after its head in the late 1990s, Vladimir Putin, became Russia's leader. The SVR and military

3445:

A U.S. official described as credible reports that the commander of the FSB intelligence agency's unit responsible for Ukraine had been placed under house arrest. The official, in an interview, also said bickering had broken out between the FSB and the Russian Ministry of Defense, two of the

2136:

In the period before the Sochi Games, a "clean urine bank" was established at the FSB Command Centre, which was situated immediately adjacent to the Sochi Laboratory. Inside that building a dedicated room containing several large freezers was set up for the purpose of storing the clean urine

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warned that "extremists have imminent plans to target large gatherings in Moscow, to include concerts" That day, the US also privately warned Russian officials of the danger of an impending attack from IS–KP from intelligence gathered earlier in March, under the US intelligence community's

864:, including acts of insubordination and possible sabotage. In March 2022, Russia's encrypted communication system in Ukraine became useless after the Russian military destroyed cellphone towers; unencrypted phone calls from the FSB in Ukraine to superiors in Moscow discussing the death of 4222:"Status of the State Licensing System of Control over Exports of Nuclear Materials, Dual-use Commodities and Technologies in Russia: Manual for foreign associates in Russia", International Business Relations Corporation, Department of Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Fuel Cycle (Moscow, 2002). 1962:" in "almost every single large enterprise", both in public and private sectors. Several unnamed current and former officials described the FSB as less effective than the KGB, describing it as "rife with corruption, beset by bureaucratic bloat and ultimately out of touch", in a report by 1054:, was accused of espionage. He published material exposing hazards posed by the Russian Navy's nuclear fleet. He was acquitted in 1999 after spending several years in prison (his case was sent for re-investigation 13 times while he remained in prison). In August 2021, the FSB arrested 8425: 530:, a KGB veteran who would later succeed Yeltsin as federal president, as director of the FSB. Putin was reluctant to take over the directorship, but once appointed conducted a thorough reorganization, which included the dismissal of most of the FSB's top personnel. Putin appointed 3248:

Chechen fighters loyal to the Kremlin are being betrayed by Russian spies who are leaking their whereabouts to Ukrainian forces, an aide to President Zelensky has claimed. Aleksei Arestovich said that the FSB was 'quietly passing on' information about the movements of Chechen

8588: 8429: 2222:, recalling that the border is heavily guarded by soldiers and drones, mined in many areas, and constantly shelled from both sides. A short video on Telegram allegedly showed one of the suspects being tortured by FSB agents, who cut off his ear and forced him to eat it. 2217:

IS-affiliated Amaq News Agency published a video filmed by one of the attackers. Ukraine denied any involvement in the attack, and described the FSB's claims that the perpetrators of the Crocus City Hall attack tried to escape to Ukraine as "very doubtful and primitive"

1169:, survived and was convicted later by the court. It is reported that more than 100 leaders of terrorist groups have been killed during 119 operations on North Caucasus during 2006. On 28 July 2006, the FSB presented a list of 17 terrorist organizations recognized by the 2290:

with Ukraine were unarmed. Although President Putin repeatedly promised that young conscripts would not be deployed in the war with Ukraine, conscripts from the FSB Border Service from several Russian regions were sent to fight with Ukrainian troops in Kursk Oblast.

1327:

One FSB team reportedly focuses on penetrating infrastructure and energy sector targets. Most operations linked to this team appear to be reconnaissance or clandestine surveillance. The targeting of the energy sector has raised concern within the U.S. government. The

948:

A series of alleged leaked letters from FSB analysts, made public after the invasion began, report the same kind of problem. For example: "You have to write the analysis in a way that makes Russia the victor ... otherwise you get questioned for not doing good work."

1181:

newspaper, which published the list that day. The list had been available previously, but only through individual request. Commenting on the list, Yuri Sapunov, head of counterterrorism at the FSB, named three main criteria necessary for organizations to be listed.

372:(FAPSI); this would include intelligence activities in countries that were once members of the Soviet Union, work formerly done by the KGB's Fifth Service. The SVR had in 1992 signed an agreement not to spy on those countries; the FSB had made no such commitment. 500:

In 1995, the FSK was renamed and reorganized into the Federal Security Service (FSB) by the Federal Law "On the Federal Security Service" (the title of the law as amended in June 2003) signed by the president on 3 April 1995. The FSB reforms were rounded out by

1280:) with close collaboration with the FSB. SORM-1 is for wiretapping phones. SORM-2 intercepts electronic correspondence and Internet traffic. Beginning in the summer of 2014, SORM-3 has been "on guard" and integrates all telecommunication services in real time. 7794: 784:

Since 2014, the FSB devoted substantial resources to preparing for a Russian takeover of Ukraine. Although Russia's SVR and GRU (foreign and military intelligence services) were also involved, FSB had a lead role on "intelligence and influence operations".

1639: 1019:, Russia's main space center for military launches, had been sentenced to 13 years in prison on charges of state treason. A court judged that the engineer had sold information about the testing of new Russian strategic missile systems to the American 756:

Starting from 2009, the level of terrorism in Russia increased again, particularly suicide attacks. Between February 2005 and August 2008, no civilians were killed in such attacks. In 2008, at least 17 were killed, and in 2009 the number rose to 45.

1011:

arrested by us since the time when German agents were sent in during the years of World War II." The 2011 figure is similar to what was reported in 1995–1996, when around 400 foreign intelligence agents were uncovered during the two-year period.

5900: 2086:. The report found direct interference into the laboratory's operations by the Russian State undermined the laboratory's independence and that tests conducted by the laboratory were highly suspect. The report elaborates on the role of the FSB: 1132:

In 2011, the FSB prevented 94 "crimes of a terrorist nature", including eight terrorist attacks. In particular, the agency foiled a planned suicide bombing in Moscow on New Year's Eve. The agency failed to prevent terrorists perpetrating the

1336:

have documented the unit's reconnaissance and noted the possibility of inserting malware to cause future damage in an attack. The U.S. government also has linked the unit to attempts to penetrate state and local government networks in 2020.

3163:

But Russian military analyst Igor Sutyagin ...told the BBC that the FSB got its social analysis of Ukraine wrong in 2013-2014...The FSB had told Mr Putin that Ukrainians were "just waiting for him to liberate them from the 'fascists'," he

456:(FAPSI, merging the functions of the former 8th Main Directorate and 16th Main Directorate of the KGB). In January 1992, another new institution, the Ministry of Security, took over domestic and border security responsibilities. Following 4399:

A report thought to be by an analyst in the FSB, the successor agency to the KGB...said the FSB was being blamed for the failure of the invasion but had been given no warning of it and was unprepared to deal with the effects of crippling

7670: 3193:'In the call, you hear the Ukraine-based FSB officer ask his boss if he can talk via the secure Era system. The boss says Era is not working...Era is a super expensive cryptophone system that introduced in 2021 with great fanfare.' 1957:

scandals. FSB officers have been frequently accused of torture, extortion, bribery and illegal takeovers of private companies, often working together with tax inspection officers. Active and former FSB officers are also present as

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The report cites two cases documented by the UN Human Rights Office in 2016, when pro-Ukrainian supporters were allegedly compelled by FSB officers to confess to terrorism-related crimes through torture with elements of sexual

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Media outlets of Ukraine, its allies in the West, and Russian dissidents report that Vladimir Putin has blamed setbacks in the military operations on the FSB and the Fifth Service. On 11 March 2022, investigative journalist

8560: 983:. This means in practice that "movement is restricted, vehicles can be seized, phone calls can be monitored, areas are declared no-go zones, checkpoints introduced, and security is beefed up at key infrastructure sites." 8409: 7732: 6589: 9855: 2229:

criticized Russian security services for their "catastrophic incompetence" and the FSB for being "busy with everything except its direct responsibilities – killing their political opponents, spying on citizens and

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while they were about to undergo baptism rites, with the videos used as evidence in a trial against the defendants in 2021; Jehovah's Witnesses have been banned as a group in Russia since 2017 for "extremism".

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Boris Kagarlitsky, a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Comparative Politics, writing in the weekly Novaya Gazeta, says that the bombings in Moscow and elsewhere were arranged by the

1479:. It also has administrations in the armed forces and other military institutions. Sub-departments exist for areas such as aviation, special training centers, forensic expertise, military medicine, etc. 9529: 5890: 5848: 2285:

under the command of FSB director Alexander Bortnikov. Since most of the best Russian troops were deployed in Ukraine, most of the men guarding the border in the Kursk Oblast were young, inexperienced

1225: 1922:

and presidential transfer of power. The FSB has been further criticized by some for failure to bring Islamist terrorism in Russia under control. In the mid-2000s, the pro-Kremlin Russian sociologist

2187:

told the board of the FSB that Western warnings of a potential attack inside Russia were "provocative" and "resemble outright blackmail and the intention to intimidate and destabilise our society".

8752: 7888: 6819: 6711: 2758: 8274: 6927: 6081: 2214:, the head of the FSB, said that "radical Islamists" prepared the attack with help from Ukrainian and Western "special services". Bortnikov claimed that the US warning was "of a general nature". 555:. The inability of the federal forces to conduct efficient counterterrorist operations led to the government to transfer the responsibility of "maintaining order" in Chechnya from the FSB to the 7524: 5025: 9603: 8104: 4276: 5961: 3274:

In a post in Russian on its official website, the intelligence arm of the Ukrainian defence ministry listed people it said were FSB employees registered at the agency's headquarters in Moscow.

2147: 7770: 6439: 827:

In 2014, according to a Russian military analyst, the FSB badly misled Putin with claims that Ukrainians would welcome a Russian invasion of Crimea to free them from "fascists". According to

8721: 9641: 7898: 7029: 5755: 4968: 2082:

authorized an Independent Commission (IC) to investigate the issues brought up by the documentary in 2015. The IC authorized a review of practices on whether there were any breaches by the

5817: 9974: 8877: 8691: 7338: 4995: 968:. The FSB accused Karelina of taking part in "public actions to support the Kyiv regime." She initially faced life in prison, but pleaded guilty and was sentenced to 12 years in prison. 7300: 7736: 6753: 5785: 5159: 5056: 1194:

countries, wherein the SVR is legally forbidden from conducting espionage under the inter-government agreements. Such activity is in line with Article 8 of the Federal Law on the FSB.

6002: 1977:

accused and sanctioned the FSB and several other Russian companies for what the US intelligence agencies said was their role in helping the Russian military intelligence service, the

1105: 9870: 7448: 7316: 4339: 4233: 3696: 4514: 10241: 8576: 8405: 8052: 2315: 9589: 7232: 6559: 3426: 3335:

A Russian spy chief is said to have been placed under house arrest in a sign that President Putin is seeking to blame the security services for the stalled invasion of Ukraine.

310:(FSK) which was reorganized into the FSB in 1995. The three major structural successor components of the former KGB that remain administratively independent of the FSB are the 9981: 9969: 9257: 8816: 8170: 7035: 9696: 7614: 1094: 804: 2390: 1288:

In recent years, the FSB has expanded its mission to include foreign intelligence collection and offensive cyber operations. Cyber analysts have referred to FSB hackers as

8709: 8675: 7882: 6145: 7980: 2865: 2838: 7460: 7392: 6795: 5134:""You should understand: FSB officers always get their way!": Anti-fascist Viktor Filinkov reveals how he was tortured by Russian security services | openDemocracy" 2045: 5641: 789:

Fifth Service. Its Ninth Directorate of the Fifth Service targets Ukraine. Putin was persuaded to invade Ukraine by a small group of his closest associates, especially

9987: 9962: 9357: 8308: 7696: 6789: 6651: 5137: 2337: 2113:

fled Russia and exposed the doping program, which included members of the FSB replacing tainted urine samples with older, clean ones. As a result of the scandals the

8353: 8268: 7956: 7402: 4201: 1594:(1998–1999); The successor of the KGB's Fifth Service, this department is in charge of counterintelligence operations against territories of the former Soviet Union. 595:. Among the reasons for this strengthening of the FSB were the enhanced need for security after increased terror attacks against Russian civilians starting with the 5237: 5119: 3525: 9957: 9577: 6813: 6394: 6319: 5571: 5458: 5333: 4817: 5610: 8888: 6891: 6783: 6747: 5923: 1667: 8064: 5173: 9519: 9438: 7466: 6499: 5096: 4133: 3176: 1500: 1438: 8256: 7112: 6433: 5840: 8580: 8042: 7286: 6873: 600: 4793: 4017: 2202:, Russia, with rifles and incendiaries. The attack, claimed by ISIS–K, killed 144 and injured 551 and marked the deadliest attack on Russian soil since the 9534: 3486: 1765: 1634: 1617: 1517: 1035: 8606: 8176: 4903: 3086:

comprise 10–20 personnel. In July 2021, the Ukraine team of the FSB Fifth Service was expanded to form the 9th Directorate comprising around 200 officers.

7290: 7160: 6849: 6487: 4641: 3959: 2766: 1692: 1656: 6043: 5870: 1949:

In spite of various anti-corruption actions of the Russian government, FSB operatives and officials are routinely found in the center of various fraud,

1728:

are also subordinate to it. Of these, St. Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast Directorate of FSB and its predecessors (historically covering both Leningrad/

9782: 9714: 9250: 9091: 8651: 8138: 7011: 5017: 2114: 1709: 1613: 1587: 1549: 1513: 1026:

A number of scientists have been accused of espionage and illegal technology exports by the FSB since it was established; instances include researcher

929: 8217: 4266: 4170: 9810: 7818: 5953: 4938: 4774: 3909: 2219: 1717: 1713: 1701: 1598: 1248:

The FSB is engaged in the development of Russia's export control strategy and examines drafts of international agreements related to the transfer of

882: 17: 4551: 2479: 10221: 9618: 9362: 8922: 8204: 8132: 7998: 7992: 7854: 7800: 6493: 6138: 4770: 3621: 3287: 3261: 1745: 1671: 1609: 1605: 1532: 1101: 1090: 5747: 4960: 2056:

executives, who may have funneled money to a network of businesses owned by friends and family members with ties to the FSB and Russian military.

8530: 6193: 5807: 5663: 5078: 3318: 5444: 4991: 3348: 2892: 2701: 2176:

had also warned Russia that a major "terrorist operation" was being planned, based on information gathered from IS militants arrested after the

9706: 9485: 8894: 8849: 8806: 8016: 7932: 7876: 7536: 6693: 1509: 440:

played a major part—the KGB was dismantled and ceased to exist from November 1991. In December 1991, two government agencies answerable to the

8837: 5489: 9742: 9544: 9243: 8794: 8645: 8335: 7560: 7136: 7047: 6266: 6183: 5777: 5151: 5048: 4464: 8600: 3459: 2643: 9732: 9676: 9053: 8746: 8485: 8250: 7912: 7490: 7226: 7005: 6577: 6387: 6312: 5507: 5380: 4087: 441: 4686: 4329: 3686: 8843: 8566: 8455: 8223: 7968: 7602: 7530: 7142: 7093: 6963: 6595: 6457: 6131: 4529: 1316:

and millions of email accounts. In 2021, Ukrainian intelligence released information and recordings of 18th Center FSB officers based in

6022: 4105: 3845: 2679: 1360: 9903: 9845: 9840: 9830: 9539: 9217: 8861: 8740: 8182: 7938: 7788: 7660: 7017: 6945: 6613: 4380: 4069: 3596: 1744:, later assumed important positions within the federal FSB office or other government bodies. After the last Chief of the Soviet time, 1190:

According to some unofficial sources, since 1999, the FSB has also been tasked with the intelligence-gathering on the territory of the

547:

due to its inability to build networks of agents and informants. In the autumn of 2002, the separatists launched a massive campaign of

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Operational Information and International Relations Service (Analysis, Forecasting, and Strategic Planning Department) – chiefs:

9850: 9772: 9762: 9311: 8980: 8657: 8479: 8369: 8292: 8154: 8116: 7870: 7830: 7596: 7540: 7472: 7274: 7268: 7172: 6951: 6879: 6831: 6825: 6729: 6723: 6619: 6469: 6276: 4638:"Russian Federation: Amnesty International's concerns and recommendations in the case of Mikhail Trepashkin – Amnesty International" 4298: 3556: 2094:. The IC sources within the laboratory identified the FSB agent as Evgeniy Blotkin/Blokhin. Sources reported that Moscow laboratory 1736:) have played especially important roles in the history of this organization, as many of the officers of the Directorate, including 9418: 8942: 8669: 8441: 8397: 8318: 8126: 7922: 7836: 7704: 7644: 7590: 7546: 7484: 7382: 7250: 7178: 6717: 6705: 6625: 6601: 6505: 6349: 6242: 5891:"Video circulates showing Russian security agent cutting off the ear of an apprehended terrorist suspect and forcing him to eat it" 5215: 4672: 2597: 1982: 1134: 1125: 354: 177: 8873: 8435: 7442: 7334: 6987: 3985: 3799: 3375: 9559: 9224: 8985: 8624: 7710: 7202: 7059: 7023: 6801: 6771: 6380: 6305: 5984: 5521: 2819: 2455: 2386: 1170: 845: 716:'s second presidency (2006–2008), terrorist attacks in Russia dwindled, falling from 257 in 2005 to 48 in 2007. Military analyst 3725: 10216: 9777: 9691: 9613: 8663: 8503: 7842: 7720: 7620: 7388: 7306: 7208: 7087: 6975: 6903: 6837: 6765: 6657: 6535: 6463: 6237: 3751: 3232: 3219:

by a Federal Security Service (FSB) field officer informing officials in Russia of the death of Major General Vitaly Gerasimov.

8697: 3777: 1312:

security but conducts foreign operations as well. The U.S. government indicted 18th Center FSB officers in 2017 for breaching

9949: 9936: 9403: 9293: 8904: 8727: 8262: 8110: 8004: 7408: 7190: 6939: 6909: 6807: 6735: 6607: 6361: 6173: 5633: 4729: 4599: 4480: 2994: 2736: 2191: 556: 445: 311: 5133: 4870: 4047: 3877: 1205:", having taken over the work of KGB's Fifth Service, which ran counterintelligence inside territories of the Soviet Union. 9549: 9331: 9086: 9020: 8855: 8810: 8734: 8715: 8703: 8467: 8381: 8209: 7866: 7812: 7650: 7638: 7608: 7342: 6999: 6981: 6969: 6957: 6675: 6523: 6061: 3636: 2573: 2278: 2164: 1047: 764:, which killed 40 people. One of the two blasts took place at Lubyanka station, near the FSB headquarters. Militant leader 626:

By 2008, the agency had one Director, two First Deputy Directors and 5 Deputy Directors. It had the following 9 divisions:

461: 4193: 3935: 9646: 9413: 9197: 9184: 8934: 8898: 8536: 8401: 8286: 8280: 8120: 8048: 7926: 7916: 7848: 7396: 7148: 7130: 6687: 6583: 6451: 6421: 6344: 6232: 6188: 5535: 5111: 2414:"The Ability of Russia's Federal Security Service to Influence the Executive Through its Apparatus of Seconded Employees" 2320: 444:

president were created by President Yeltsin's decrees on the basis of the relevant main directorates of the defunct KGB:

315: 307: 109: 5561: 5466: 5325: 4812: 2238:, said that the FSB "can't do the only job it really should be doing: preventing a real, nightmarish terrorist attack." 484: 10054: 9943: 9931: 9926: 9137: 8975: 8618: 8584: 8158: 8092: 7666: 7262: 7220: 7196: 7041: 6933: 6759: 6553: 6475: 6225: 6198: 5599: 2270: 2264: 1191: 457: 8908: 8144: 5684: 1724:

Besides the services (departments) and directorates of the federal office, the territorial directorates of FSB in the

701:. Their performance was criticised due to the high number of hostage casualties. In 2006, the FSB successfully killed 623:

KGB Directorate of the late 1980s to early 1990s suffered most, and he had been on vacations during the events.

10211: 9737: 9048: 9000: 8970: 8884: 8347: 7950: 7776: 7743: 7496: 7280: 6643: 6541: 6281: 6168: 2796: 1919: 615:

that had slowly unfolded since 2000. Some analysts considered the changes to be an attempt to undermine FSB Director

510: 502: 5092: 4844: 4746: 4494: 4130: 1929:

After the annexation of Crimea, the FSB may also have been responsible for the forced disappearances and torture of

9633: 9453: 9005: 8766: 8756: 8681: 8324: 8028: 7986: 7478: 7370: 7238: 7214: 7166: 6741: 6565: 6547: 5410: 4801: 2959: 2618: 2231: 890: 857: 4756: 3460:"A senior Russian official was sent to a notorious Moscow jail in retribution for poor Ukraine intel, expert says" 2172:" requirement, specifically mentioning the Crocus City Hall venue. Ten days after the attack it was reported that 10180: 10042: 9010: 8938: 8867: 8542: 8328: 7974: 7962: 7860: 7726: 7714: 7518: 7420: 7362: 7348: 6915: 6681: 6328: 4790: 4007: 3904: 3072: 2998: 2963: 2326: 1852: 1333: 1329: 1198: 829: 817: 612: 3577: 2944:

intelligence, the GRU, both still operate in Ukraine but the FSB leads on intelligence and influence operations.

1874:

have claimed that the FSB is engaged in suppression of internal dissent; Litvinenko died in 2006 as a result of

1508:

Service (Department) for Protection of the Constitutional System and the Fight against Terrorism – chiefs:

1229:

Border guards of the Federal Security Service pursuing trespassers of the maritime boundary during exercises in

1120: 10190: 10126: 9896: 9800: 9668: 9507: 9423: 8990: 8244: 8022: 7944: 7676: 7508: 7322: 7053: 6855: 6481: 6254: 6093: 5085: 2152: 1623: 1256:

sphere is to collect information to prevent the illegal export of controlled nuclear technology and materials.

1237: 1137:. Over the years, FSB and affiliated state security organizations have killed all presidents of the separatist 588: 365: 7550: 6023:"Russia left 'mainly kids' and conscripts to defend its borders, Ukrainian soldier says after surprise attack" 5871:"Center for Countering Disinformation pushes back against Russian allegations of involvement in mass shooting" 4637: 3956: 10226: 9075: 9015: 8995: 8916: 8760: 8375: 8032: 8010: 7566: 7426: 6843: 6631: 6511: 6210: 3813: 2091: 1814: 1788: 1158: 1004: 678: 665: 596: 361:. Being part of Russia's executive branch formally, the FSB has significant, if not decisive, power over it. 2960:"Russian Officials Predicted A Quick Triumph In Ukraine. Did Bad Intelligence Skew Kremlin Decision-Making?" 10073: 10049: 9835: 9747: 9724: 9686: 9681: 9495: 9380: 9372: 9349: 9162: 8784: 8449: 8359: 8302: 8199: 8164: 8086: 7584: 7512: 7312: 7244: 6921: 6637: 6271: 5720: 4166: 2536:

Schneider, Eberhard. "The Russian Federal Security Service under President Putin". In Stephen White (ed.).

2282: 2033:, which were accompanied by searches, interrogations, forced deportations to Russia, beatings and torture. 1162: 1138: 1015:

In a high-profile case of foreign espionage, the FSB said in February 2012 that an engineer working at the

592: 472:

main military activities, the FSK was responsible for the covert operations against the separatists led by

6571: 4930: 3899: 1201:, FSB's Department for Operational Information "is responsible for compiling data on Russia's 'near abroad 1058:-expert Alexander Kuranov, chief designer of the Hypersonic Systems Research Center (NIPGS in Russian) in 10185: 9792: 9477: 8928: 8594: 8491: 8473: 8461: 8387: 8194: 8148: 8036: 7682: 7632: 7328: 7154: 7124: 7081: 7065: 6993: 6867: 6445: 4664: 4558: 3029: 2026: 2015: 1926:

claimed that the FSB played a dominant role in the country's political, economic and even cultural life.

1675: 1273: 821: 809: 433: 5355: 5144: 4156:

is The Head of the 5th Service of the FSB - Operational Information and International Relations Service.

3427:"Reported Detention of Russian Spy Boss Shows Tension Over Stalled Ukraine Invasion, U.S. Officials Say" 345:

and investigating some other types of serious crimes and federal law violations. It is headquartered in

10116: 10090: 10061: 9656: 9448: 9321: 9108: 8548: 7414: 6669: 6062:"Putin promised poorly trained conscripts wouldn't be sent to war. Now the front line has come to them" 4618: 2235: 2199: 2129: 2083: 1899: 1725: 1679: 1568: 1476: 928:

also reports that "it is thought that" the Fifth Service is now headed by Beseda's former subordinate,

841: 761: 10231: 10037: 9889: 9752: 9340:

Federal Agency for CIS Affairs, Compatriots Living Abroad, and International Humanitarian Cooperation

9207: 7502: 7256: 6154: 2705: 8098: 5808:"Russia persists in blaming Ukraine for concert attack despite its denial and Islamic State's claim" 4091: 2507: 10066: 9469: 9443: 8612: 8509: 8082: 8070: 7626: 7554: 7454: 7432: 7184: 6777: 6663: 6356: 6286: 6205: 5875: 5387: 3205: 2148:

Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine § Involvement in the Crocus City Hall attack

2075: 1978: 1460: 4461: 4412: 3401: 3047: 3012:

Department for Operational Information is responsible for compiling data on Russia's 'near abroad'

9385: 9103: 8363: 7436: 7356: 5049:"Russia's Antifa is being tortured and detained by Putin's shadowy security service, sources say" 3561: 3431: 3402:"From bad intel to worse Putin reportedly turns on FSB agency that botched Russia's Ukraine prep" 2195: 2157: 1863: 1791:

as acting Director and later Director of the FSB. Aleksander Bortnikov took over on 12 May 2008.

1154: 1043: 924:. The same report claims that up over 100 FSB agents from the Fifth Service had been sacked. The 895: 552: 449: 393: 255: 5103: 4694: 3065: 801:. According to some experts, Bortnikov played a key role in Putin's decision to invade Ukraine. 8946: 8634: 8554: 8413: 7366: 5445:"Russia athletes banned from 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro after IAAF uphold suspension" 3129:"State overthrow being prepared by FSB officer, three defectors from Interior Ministry – media" 2286: 1942: 1364:

The reception room of the Federal Security Service building located on Kuznetsky Most in Moscow

1165:, all hostage-takers were killed on the spot by FSB spetsnaz forces. Only one of the suspects, 720:

praised the effectiveness of Russia's security agencies, saying that the experience learned in

69: 2640: 2277:

during the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine resulting in part of the oblast becoming under

956:

was arrested in early 2024 in Yekaterinburg and charged with "treason" for sending $ 51.80 to

611:

and Vladimir Anisimov in 2004 and 2005 – the changes were widely believed to be linked to the

9202: 8952: 8912: 8826: 8800: 7753: 7700: 7654: 4440: 4109: 3841: 3827: 2675: 2473: 2252: 2010: 4073: 869:

people they identified as FSB agents. None of these reports have been confirmed by the FSB.

9465: 9266: 9147: 8519: 8233: 8188: 7782: 7296: 6897: 6861: 6529: 6259: 4587: 4332:[WikiLeaks published details of the surveillance of Russians by special services]. 2251:, criticized Putin for dismissing Western intelligence warnings and focusing resources on " 2240: 2177: 2118: 1923: 1891: 1871: 1313: 1146: 673:, as a result of which "one fighter was killed and two terrorist attacks prevented" in 2010 326: 1760:(1 October 1998 – 5 January 2001), Sergei Smirnov (5 January 2001 – June 2003), 1349: 860:, Ukrainian counterintelligence has repeatedly asserted that the FSB suffered failures of 567: 8: 10151: 9284: 9276: 8314: 6404: 6087: 4751: 4362: 4306: 4238: 2211: 2203: 2049: 1964: 1832: 1761: 1757: 1647: 1576: 1560: 1410: 1075: 1016: 971:

In August 2024, a "counter-terrorism" operational regime under the FSB was introduced in

861: 798: 749: 698: 682: 489: 358: 173: 10011: 9624:

Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media

5721:"What We Know About ISIS-K, the Group That Claimed Responsibility for the Moscow Attack" 5204: 2594: 1387:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

10172: 10136: 9235: 9142: 5605: 5566: 4625: 3980: 3975: 3578:"All #FSBletters translated as of April 29th, 2022 - Chronological Order - Look Inside" 2495: 2110: 2095: 1911: 1895: 1627: 1449: 1230: 1176: 1081:

Other instances of prosecution are the cases of investigative journalist and ecologist

1051: 729: 697:

played a key role in hostage rescue operations during the Moscow theater siege and the

543: 437: 6114: 4234:"WikiLeaks releases files that appear to offer details of Russian surveillance system" 3128: 2823: 2452: 607:

Combined with some earlier reassignments – most notably those of FSB Deputy Directors

204: 10021: 9179: 9132: 8497: 6647: 5418: 5308: 5072: 4725: 4595: 4524: 3807: 3721: 3615: 3497: 3353: 2604:

Russian Federation Federal Law No. 40-FZ. Adopted by the State Duma 22 February 1995.

2435: 2342: 1993:

and denied Russian government officials access to two Russian-owned installations in

1990: 1887: 1826: 1741: 1683: 1660: 1643: 1572: 1564: 1545: 1422: 1166: 1086: 1071: 790: 616: 608: 572: 531: 469: 330: 182: 140: 57: 5238:"FACT SHEET: Actions in Response to Russian Malicious Cyber Activity and Harassment" 3747: 3100:"Russia's FSB agency tasked with engineering coups in Ukrainian cities, UK believes" 2074:

Following the broadcast of a documentary film alleging systematic doping in Russia,

944:

and his top advisers, among them the current FSB director, what they wanted to hear.

10146: 9912: 9433: 9301: 9172: 8772: 6178: 5927: 5812: 5291: 4583: 3773: 3691: 3446:

principal government units responsible for the preparation of the Feb. 24 invasion.

3376:"Russian spy chiefs 'under house arrest' as Putin blames them for Ukraine setbacks" 2425: 2065: 1998: 1986: 1879: 1808: 1802: 1796: 1784: 1753: 1749: 1733: 1729: 1528: 1490: 1253: 1214: 1108:, who disclosed illegal purchases of eavesdropping devices from foreign firms, and 1031: 917: 865: 523: 473: 465: 428:) is one of the successor organizations of the Soviet Committee of State Security ( 408: 338: 270: 9856:

Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

4267:"Wikileaks releases documents it claims detail Russia mass surveillance apparatus" 3597:"Russian-American woman admits guilt in treason case, Russian state media reports" 3177:"Vitaly Gerasimov: second Russian general killed, Ukraine defence ministry claims" 2728: 2413: 2104:

World Anti-Doping Agency, The Independent Commission Report #1, 13.4 FSB Influence

1910:

attack coordinated by the FSB in order to win public support for a new full-scale

10078: 9212: 9127: 9115: 8572: 8393: 6885: 6372: 6297: 5694: 5594: 5273: 5174:"Предприниматель, бежавший из России, рассказал как ФСБ у него "отжимала" бизнес" 4866: 4821: 4797: 4778: 4498: 4468: 4141: 4137: 4039: 3963: 3867: 3661: 3146: 2924: 2660:

Baev, Pavel (2005). "Chechnya and the Russian Military". In Richard Sakwa (ed.).

2647: 2601: 2459: 2248: 1781: 1521: 1454: 1354: 1150: 1142: 1039: 980: 953: 874: 772: 346: 291: 5924:"Russian Opposition Blasts Putin's Broken Security Promises After Moscow Attack" 4891: 4718: 3487:"Putin 'purges' 150 FSB agents in response to Russia's botched war with Ukraine" 2726: 2569: 2430: 10016: 5841:"New Islamic State videos back claim it carried out Moscow concert hall attack" 5725: 5242: 4624:, Jos de Putter, Tegenlicht documentary VPRO 2007, Moscow, 2004 Interview with 3931: 2184: 2125: 2069: 2019: 1950: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1915: 1820: 1737: 1541: 1426: 1305: 1293: 1109: 1059: 1055: 976: 913: 886: 794: 717: 713: 702: 580: 527: 493: 334: 320:

Main Directorate of Special Programs of the President of the Russian Federation

6044:"As Ukraine advances in Kursk, families of north Russian conscripts cry mercy" 5018:""Everything's falling down." Major General comments on recent arrests in FSB" 4614: 1272:

helped state entities gather data on Russian mobile phone users as part of an

10205: 10006: 9860: 9038: 5422: 5093:"Crimea: Persecution of Crimean Tatars Intensifies | Human Rights Watch" 4839: 4153: 3662:"Ksenia Karelina: US-Russian woman jailed in Russia for 12 years for treason" 3501: 2439: 2307: 2039: 1867: 1777: 1705: 1591: 1583: 1269: 1082: 1066:

to a foreigner about hypersonic technology; he oversaw concept design on the

1027: 961: 878: 519: 506: 6123: 5954:"Fear stalks Russia after Moscow massacre as Putin's allies play blame game" 4931:"UN report details grave human rights violations in Russian-occupied Crimea" 4904:"UN report details grave human rights violations in Russian-occupied Crimea" 2117:

suspended Russia from all international athletic competitions including the

10141: 10121: 6003:"How the Ukrainian army easily entered Russia and is holding its positions" 5748:"Russia's Putin says 'radical Islamists' behind Moscow concert hall attack" 5716: 2274: 2226: 2169: 2079: 1883: 1289: 972: 765: 733: 342: 299: 4301:[WikiLeaks accused St. Petersburg company of spying on Russians]. 2788: 2727:Елена Ъ-Киселева; Николай Ъ-Сергеев; Михаил Ъ-Фишман (14 September 2006). 1089:, who described danger posed by military chemical warfare stockpiles, and 833:, in 2022, the FSB again promised easy victory if Russia invaded Ukraine. 808:

FSB Director Alexander Bortnikov played a key role in Putin's decision to

10111: 10106: 9567: 9167: 4834: 4491: 1974: 1527:

Directorate for Terrorism and Political Extremism Control – chiefs:

921: 690: 670: 9861:

Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision

5664:"Exclusive: Iran alerted Russia to security threat before Moscow attack" 2614: 2090:

laboratory staff member reported that an FSB agent regularly visits the

1493:(since Aug 2000), Valery Pechyonkin (September 1997 – August 2000) 768:—dubbed "Russia's Osama Bin Laden"—took responsibility for the attacks. 739: 460:, the Ministry of Security was reorganized on 21 December 1993 into the 10131: 5274:"Alexei Navalny: Two hours that saved Russian opposition leader's life" 4271: 4012: 2650:

Profile: Russia's new prime minister. Guardian Unlimited 9 August 1999.

2462:

McNair Paper 34, The Russian Military's Role in Politics, January 1995.

2255:" and the war with Ukraine instead of guarding against "real threats". 2005: 1954: 1907: 1859: 1496:

Directorate for the Counterintelligence Support of Strategic Facilities

909: 706: 635:

Service for Defense of Constitutional Order and Fight against Terrorism

409:[fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnəjəˈsluʐbəbʲɪzɐˈpasnəstʲɪrɐˈsʲijskəjfʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨɪ] 364:

In 2003, the FSB's responsibilities were expanded by incorporating the

271:[fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnəjəˈsluʐbəbʲɪzɐˈpasnəstʲɪrɐˈsʲijskəjfʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨɪ] 31: 5634:"U.S. told Russia that Crocus City Hall was possible target of attack" 5560:

Barnes, Julian; Méheut, Constant; Troianovski, Anton (22 March 2024).

5152:"Crimean Tatar Close To Dzhemilev Says He Was Tortured By Russian FSB" 4330:"На WikiLeaks опубликовали подробности слежки спецслужб за россиянами" 3637:"Russian court begins hearing treason case against US-Russian citizen" 1341:

describe the close relationship between criminal hackers and the FSB.

1213:

In the summer of 2006, the FSB was given the legal power to engage in

587:

In 2003, the agency's responsibilities were considerably widened. The

10237:

Russian entities subject to U.S. Department of the Treasury sanctions

10167: 9865: 9081: 9071: 9043: 8341: 5562:"US Warned About Possible Moscow Attack Before Concert Hall Shooting" 4417: 4385: 4131:

Andrei Soldatov. Inside Vladimir Putin’s Shadowy Army of Global Spies

3557:"'Leaked Russian report spy' says Ukraine invasion a 'total failure'" 3492: 2925:"US reveals claims of Russian 'kill list' if Moscow occupies Ukraine" 1469: 1297: 1265: 1063: 903: 744: 548: 5600:"US Says ISIS Was Responsible for Deadly Moscow Concert Hall Attack" 3262:"Ukraine intelligence publishes names of 620 alleged Russian agents" 1878:

poisoning. Litvinenko, along with a series of other authors such as

1475:

Below the nationwide level, the FSB has regional offices in all the

1441:

was listed the Head of scientific and technical service of the FSB.

1128:

in 2011. Combating terrorism is one of the main tasks of the agency.

964:-based nonprofit organization that sends humanitarian assistance to 223: 9881: 9152: 9120: 7578: 7376: 6007: 5689: 3872: 2030: 1994: 1875: 1252:

and military commodities and technologies. Its primary role in the

1249: 725: 721: 686: 5685:"Moscow attack: Did Russia ignore US 'extremist' attacks warning?" 4992:"Some of Putin's Top Cops Are Mobsters. Even KGB Vets Are Ashamed" 4929:

Yakovlieva, Iryna; Colville, Rupert Colville (25 September 2017).

4892:ООН заявила о нарушении прав человека в Крыму: что есть в докладе? 4327: 3288:"Names and addresses of 620 FSB officers published in data breach" 2893:"Putin infuriated by Russian intelligence failures in Ukraine war" 1847: 1748:, the St. Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast Directorate were led by 709:

when FSB agents destroyed their convoy; 12 militants were killed.

9530:

Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring

9157: 9096: 8788: 8687: 5778:"Russia blames Ukraine, the West over Moscow concert hall attack" 5668: 5522:"The damning McLaren Report on Russian Olympic doping, explained" 5323: 5292:"Alexei Navalny: Report names 'Russian agents' in poisoning case" 4299:"WikiLeaks обвинил петербургскую компанию в слежке за россиянами" 2207: 2053: 1959: 1597:

Organizational and Personnel Service (Department) – chiefs:

1276:

system called the System for Operative Investigative Activities (

1112:, who had written that Russia was working on a nerve-gas weapon. 965: 844:

on 21 February 2022. That day, Putin said he would recognise the

620: 9866:

Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography

5985:"How Ukraine Caught Putin's Forces Off Guard in Kursk — And Why" 5508:"Takeaways from McLaren report? Confusion, corruption, cynicism" 5112:"Russian Terrorism Suspects Allege Torture At 'Secret' FSB Site" 2316:

Awards of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation

1503:(at least since 2002), Vladimir Petrishchev (since January 1996) 325:

The primary responsibilities are within the country and include

62:

Emblem of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation

8058: 7824: 6699: 6157: 5895: 4328:Камалетдинов (Kamaletdinov, Damir), Дамир (19 September 2017). 2362:"Информация ФСБ России :: Федеральная Служба Безопасности" 1903: 1317: 849: 694: 515: 350: 295: 130: 74:

Flag of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation

6427: 4720:

The Chechen Wars: Will Russia Go the Way of the Soviet Union?

4334: 3526:"Hubris and isolation led Vladimir Putin to misjudge Ukraine" 2759:"Russians claim killing of rebel Basayev, the Beslan butcher" 2281:. All legal national borders of Russia are controlled by the 2109:

In January 2016, the head of Russia's anti-doping laboratory

1465: 1301: 1067: 957: 453: 369: 9642:

Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Supervision

5490:"Russia May Face Olympics Ban as Doping Scheme Is Confirmed" 1941:. The FSB spied on and filmed a gathering of members of the 1691:

Science and Engineering Service (Department) – chiefs:

1268:

released "Spy Files Russia", revealing how a company called

1217:

of terrorism suspects overseas if ordered by the president.

8296: 6220: 6215: 5411:"Russian Insider Says State-Run Doping Fueled Olympic Gold" 5259: 4935:

United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner

4415:[Putin appoints first deputy director of the FSB]. 3687:"Russia evacuates tens of thousands amid Ukraine incursion" 2387:"Статья 1. Федеральная служба безопасности и ее назначение" 2331: 2173: 1486: 1432: 1277: 997: 630: 526:

as the new director of the FSB. In 1998, Yeltsin appointed

454:

Federal Agency of Government Communications and Information

4381:"This war will be a total failure, FSB whistleblower says" 3319:"Kremlin arrests FSB chiefs in fallout from Ukraine chaos" 370:

Federal Agency of Government Communication and Information

7688: 7071: 5312: 4592:

The Age of Assassins. The Rise and Rise of Vladimir Putin

4501: 3900:"Russia Detains Hypersonic Flight Expert In Treason Case" 2929: 2258: 2183:

Three days before the Crocus City Hall attack, President

1020: 1008: 669:

FSB special forces members during a special operation in

429: 303: 9871:

Federal Service for Supervision in Education and Science

9265: 6357:

Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff (GRU)

5047:

EDT, Cristina Maza on 4/6/18 at 3:46 PM (6 April 2018).

4552:"David Satter – House Committee on Foreign Affairs" 3800:"Russian Scientist Charged With Disclosing State Secret" 3595:

Stapleton, Ivana Kottasová, AnneClaire (7 August 2024).

1499:

Military Counterintelligence Directorate – chiefs:

385:

The Federal Security Service (FSB or FSS) (Russian:

10242:

Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List

5559: 3349:"'Putin's spy chief and his deputy under house arrest'" 2338:

Third Section of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery

2210:

was involved in the attack, without offering evidence.

1104:, a former KGB officer who assisted Soviet dissidents, 889:'s discontent with intelligence failures regarding the 400:

Federal'naya sluzhba bezopasnosti Rossiyskoy Federatsii

353:'s center, in the main building of the former KGB. The 262:

Federal'naya sluzhba bezopasnosti Rossiyskoy Federatsii

6038: 6036: 4582: 3555:

Fenton, Rosaleen; Phoutinane, Ketsuda (8 March 2022).

3048:"How Putin blundered into Ukraine — then doubled down" 2830: 2048:

in 2022–2023 may possibly be connected to large scale

1914:

and boost former FSB director and then prime minister

1540:

Economic Security Service (Department) – chiefs:

935:

According to an article in the 11 April 2022 issue of

9429:

Main Directorate of Special Programs of the President

4594:. London, UK: Gibson Square Books. pp. 105–111. 4167:"ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ ЗАКОН О ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЙ СЛУЖБЕ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ" 2615:"ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ ЗАКОН О федеральной службе безопасности" 2059: 2022:

in August 2020, where he became ill during a flight.

1409:

Since 2008, the director of the FSB has been General

1007:

said in 1996: "There has never been such a number of

1003:

of exposed spies historically, the then-FSB Director

740:

Increased terrorism and expansion of the FSB's powers

398: 260: 9697:

Federal Agency for Maritime and River Transportation

9535:

Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources

5536:"McLaren Independent Investigation Report - Part II" 3868:"Russia holds hypersonic flight expert in spy probe" 2297: 2029:, FSB officers carried out filtration activities in 748:

President Dmitry Medvedev meeting with FSB Director

388:Федеральная служба безопасности Российской Федерации 250:Федеральная служба безопасности Российской Федерации 216:Федеральная служба безопасности Российской Федерации 49:Федеральная служба безопасности Российской Федерации 6033: 5459:"McLaren Independent Investigation Report - Part I" 5409:Ruiz, Rebecca R.; Schwirtz, Michael (12 May 2016). 4769:’'The consolidation of Dictatorship in Russia'’ by 4008:"'Terror' list out; Russia tags two Kuwaiti groups" 2857: 2751: 2595:ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ ЗАКОН О ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЙ СЛУЖБЕ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ 2334:, law that allows the FSB to monitor communications 2128:found that "beyond a reasonable doubt" the Russian 1981:(GRU) disrupt and spread disinformation during the 728:had been key to the success. In 2008, the American 681:in 2002, Russia was faced with increased levels of 6402: 6327: 5598: 5324:Alisa Kashperskaya, Ilya Shumanov (9 March 2023). 4928: 4717: 4662: 4413:"Путин назначил первого заместителя директора ФСБ" 3485: 3317: 3233:"Spies accused of betraying Putin's Chechen units" 3058: 3030:"A look at the trio who convinced Putin to invade" 2115:International Association of Athletics Federations 601:Political groups under Vladimir Putin's presidency 241:Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation 30:"ФСБ" redirects here. For the Bulgarian band, see 9568:Federal Technical Regulation and Metrology Agency 9358:Federal Service of Military-Technical Cooperation 6108: 4630: 3147:"Russian GRU military spy chief Igor Sergun dies" 2361: 1989:also declared 35 Russian diplomats and officials 1604:Department for Activity Provision – chiefs: 537: 436:—in which some KGB units as well as the KGB head 380: 197: 10203: 9363:Federal Service for Technical and Export Control 4763: 4462:"The sadistic poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko" 4373: 3554: 3198: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2868:. International Relations and Security Network. 2866:"Russia's North Caucasus, the Terrorism Revival" 2841:. International Relations and Security Network. 2702:"Mass Dismissals at the FSB – Kommersant Moscow" 1421:The current First Deputy Director of the FSB is 760:In March 2010, Islamist militants organised the 9578:Ministry of Construction, Housing and Utilities 5309:The Russians said beatings were my re-education 4305:(in Russian). 20 September 2017. Archived from 4106:"НАШИ СПЕЦСЛУЖБЫ – НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ БЫВШЕГО СОЮЗА" 4088:"Наши спецслужбы – на территории бывшего Союза" 3139: 2919: 2917: 2538:Politics and the Ruling Group in Putin's Russia 1933:activists and public figures. According to the 1601:(since 2001), Yevgeny Solovyov (before Lovyrev) 920:, the scene of mass executions during Stalin's 522:directorate. Yeltsin appointed Colonel-General 357:is appointed by and directly answerable to the 9486:Federal Service for Surveillance in Healthcare 6350:Special Communications and Information Service 6243:Special Communications and Information Service 4070:"Департамент оперативной информации (ДОИ) ФСБ" 3802:. Archived from the original on 24 March 2006. 3279: 2884: 1482:Structure of the Federal Office (incomplete): 1453:Center of Information Security of the FSB RF, 660: 496:served as the FSB's director from 1998 to 1999 9897: 9743:Federal Service for Alcohol Market Regulation 9251: 6388: 6313: 6267:Federal Service for Alcohol Market Regulation 6153: 6139: 5592: 4744: 4665:"Bomb Blamed in Fatal Moscow Apartment Blast" 3346: 3169: 2982: 2037: 1666:Internal Security Directorate – chiefs: 1174: 571:President Putin meeting with Director of FSB 551:against the Russian civilians, including the 386: 248: 47: 9733:Federal Agency for State Property Management 9677:Federal Service for Supervision of Transport 5408: 4687:"At least 90 dead in Moscow apartment blast" 3620:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2914: 2570:"Федеральный закон от 30.06.2003 г. № 86-ФЗ" 1074:aircraft and has run a Russia-US scientific 6085: 5077:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4724:. Brookings Institution Press. p. 81. 4715: 4544: 4507: 3520: 3518: 3091: 2811: 2781: 2549: 2547: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2046:suspicious deaths of Russian businesspeople 908:, citing unnamed sources who had spoken to 899:described the arrest report as "credible". 820:citing interviews officers and analysts of 644:Current Information and International Links 413: 275: 9904: 9890: 9258: 9244: 6395: 6381: 6320: 6306: 6146: 6132: 6113: 5481: 5326:"Gazprom: Russia's state corruption giant" 4896: 4656: 3316:Ball, Tom; Brown, Larisa (12 March 2022). 2954: 2952: 2909:resist were also 'terribly miscalculated'. 2863: 2836: 2232:prosecuting people who are against the war 2206:in 2004. Putin and the FSB suggested that 2141: 1674:(before Kupryazhkin since December 2002), 1320:as part of the "Gamaredon" hacking group. 916:, reported that Beseda was transferred to 203: 9783:Federal Service for Intellectual Property 9715:Federal Service for Labour and Employment 4824:– by P. Finn — Washington Post, 2006 3820: 3594: 3315: 2471: 2429: 1870:activities. Some Kremlin critics such as 1700:Investigation Directorate – chiefs: 542:After the main military offensive of the 9811:Ministry of Science and Higher Education 4989: 4738: 4663:Richard C. Paddock (10 September 1999). 3740: 3515: 3254: 3206:"Russian Military Phones Hacked: Report" 2817: 2544: 2514: 2411: 2151: 2036:According to an investigative report by 1846: 1638: 1459: 1448: 1433:Head of scientific and technical service 1425:. He was appointed by Russian President 1416: 1359: 1348: 1224: 1135:Domodedovo International Airport bombing 1126:Domodedovo International Airport bombing 1119: 835: 803: 743: 664: 566: 483: 10222:Government agencies established in 1995 9619:Federal Agency for Press and Mass Media 5921: 5715: 5162:from the original on 11 September 2018. 5140:from the original on 10 September 2018. 5122:from the original on 10 September 2018. 5109: 4679: 4608: 3766: 3634: 3419: 3347:Zakir-Hussain, Maryam (13 March 2022). 3097: 3024: 3022: 3020: 2949: 2588: 1771: 1531:, before him Grafov, before the latter 1185: 1171:Supreme Court of the Russian Federation 14: 10204: 9312:Ministry for Affairs of Civil Defence, 5682: 5631: 5381:"The Independent Commission Report #1" 4791:Russia After The Presidential Election 4455: 4246:from the original on 30 September 2017 4231: 3924: 3716: 3714: 3457: 2864:Saradzhyan, Simon (23 December 2010). 2259:Ukrainian invasion of the Kursk Oblast 1655:Inspection Directorate – chiefs: 991: 479: 9885: 9707:Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs 9239: 6376: 6301: 6127: 5982: 5442: 4747:"Did Putin's Agents Plant the Bombs?" 4675:from the original on 19 October 2017. 4644:from the original on 21 December 2018 4481:Blowing Up Russia: Terror from Within 4360: 4264: 4194:"In Russia, A Secretive Force Widens" 4185: 4173:from the original on 19 November 2015 3950: 3834: 3792: 3116:embassy during a time of uncertainty. 2535: 2453:THE MILITARY AND THE AUGUST 1991 COUP 2156:Emergency services responding to the 1444: 446:Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia) 407: 298:and the main successor agency to the 269: 9911: 9545:Federal Agency for Mineral Resources 9267:Government of the Russian Federation 5838: 5487: 5250:from the original on 21 January 2017 5205:"FSB controls literally everything" 4806: 4361:Bowen, Andrew S. (2 February 2022). 4265:Lomas, Natasha (19 September 2017). 4191: 4050:from the original on 9 November 2006 3750:. Human Rights Watch. October 2003. 3483: 3285: 3230: 3017: 2890: 2839:"Eliminating Terrorists, Not Terror" 2818:Biberman, Yelena (6 December 2008). 2799:from the original on 21 January 2011 2682:from the original on 2 February 2007 2659: 2653: 2482:from the original on 18 October 2015 1367: 1220: 840:Putin, Bortnikov and members of the 647:Organizational and Personnel Service 462:Federal Counter-Intelligence Service 306:; its immediate predecessor was the 9185:Surveillance issues in smart cities 5099:from the original on 3 August 2018. 5059:from the original on 16 August 2019 5046: 4873:from the original on 15 August 2014 4847:from the original on 9 October 2013 4814:In Russia, A Secretive Force Widens 4693:. 10 September 1999. Archived from 4433: 3988:from the original on 18 August 2006 3912:from the original on 12 August 2021 3880:from the original on 12 August 2021 3711: 3699:from the original on 16 August 2024 3635:Edwards, Christian (20 June 2024). 2837:Saradzhyan, Simon (31 March 2010). 2621:from the original on 16 August 2018 2576:from the original on 17 August 2018 2472:Gevorkian, Natalia (January 1993). 2393:from the original on 16 August 2018 1678:(April 1999 – December 2002), 1208: 1115: 619:'s influence, as his team from the 308:Federal Counterintelligence Service 27:Principal security agency of Russia 24: 9592:of the Russian Far East and Arctic 7607:South Korea: Intelligence Bureau, 6362:Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) 5964:from the original on 25 March 2024 5934:from the original on 24 March 2024 5903:from the original on 23 March 2024 5851:from the original on 24 March 2024 5820:from the original on 27 March 2024 5788:from the original on 26 March 2024 5758:from the original on 26 March 2024 5613:from the original on 22 March 2024 5574:from the original on 22 March 2024 5356:"Independent Commission Report #1" 5202: 4232:Taylor, Adam (19 September 2017). 4020:from the original on 11 March 2007 3848:from the original on 23 March 2007 3774:"AAAS Human Rights Action Network" 3754:from the original on 13 March 2008 3575: 3340: 2789:"Chechen rebel chief Basayev dies" 2739:from the original on 14 March 2007 2265:August 2024 Kursk Oblast incursion 2060:Role in the Russian doping scandal 1764:(June 2003 – March 2004) and 1716:(until 2002 since at least 2001), 1579:(28 August – 1 October 1998). 1571:(April 1999 – January 2000), 1567:(January 2000 – March 2004), 779: 25: 10253: 9846:Federal Agency for State Reserves 9841:Federal Agency for Ethnic Affairs 9831:Federal Medical-Biological Agency 9604:Ministry of Digital Development, 9540:Federal Agency of Water Resources 6100: 5983:Weiss, Michael (14 August 2024). 5644:from the original on 7 April 2024 5488:Ruiz, Rebecca R. (18 July 2016). 5336:from the original on 9 March 2023 5218:from the original on 20 July 2015 5184:from the original on 20 July 2015 5028:from the original on 10 July 2019 4998:from the original on 10 July 2019 4622:In Memoriam Aleksander Litvinenko 4040:"Russia names 'terrorist' groups" 3842:"Researchers Throw Up Their Arms" 3098:Sabbagh, Dan (13 February 2022). 2553: 2269:In August 2024, Ukrainian forces 1548:(June 2016 to 24 February 2021), 1324:support the FSB's cyber mission. 1243: 1124:FSB officers on the scene of the 893:. A U.S. official interviewed by 877:reported that Fifth Service head 18:Federal Security Service (Russia) 9851:Federal Agency for Youth Affairs 9773:Federal State Statistics Service 9302:Police of the Russian Federation 9283: 7823:Congo (Democratic Republic of): 7231:Congo (Democratic Republic of): 6558:Congo (Democratic Republic of): 6345:Federal Protective Service (FSO) 6277:Ministry of Emergency Situations 6080: This article incorporates 6075: 6054: 6015: 5995: 5976: 5946: 5915: 5883: 5863: 5832: 5800: 5770: 5740: 5709: 5683:Corera, Gordon (23 March 2024). 5676: 5656: 5625: 5586: 5553: 5528: 5514: 5500: 5451: 5436: 5402: 5373: 5348: 5317: 5302: 5284: 5266: 5230: 5196: 5166: 5040: 5010: 4983: 4971:from the original on 24 May 2021 4802:Conflict Studies Research Centre 4471:– by Don Murray;- CBC News, 2006 4342:from the original on 9 July 2021 4279:from the original on 9 July 2021 4204:from the original on 1 July 2015 3938:from the original on 11 May 2011 3780:from the original on 6 July 2010 3728:from the original on 12 May 2011 3208:. The Defense Post. 9 March 2022 2872:from the original on 12 May 2011 2845:from the original on 12 May 2011 2822:. Russia Profile. Archived from 2704:. Kommersant.com. Archived from 2412:Chernysh, Vadym (5 March 2024). 2300: 2027:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 2025:It was reported that during the 1918:'s popularity in the lead-up to 1906:and other Russian cities were a 1858:The FSB has been criticised for 1372: 858:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 653:Scientific and Technical Service 562: 222: 68: 56: 10181:List of stripped Olympic medals 9314:Emergencies and Disaster Relief 5922:Cordell, Jake (24 March 2024). 5156:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 5116:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 4990:Nemtsova, Anna (10 July 2019). 4965:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 4953: 4941:from the original on 7 May 2021 4922: 4885: 4859: 4835:"The making of a neo-KGB state" 4827: 4784: 4745:Jamie Dettmer (17 April 2000). 4709: 4576: 4485: 4474: 4405: 4363:"In Focus: Russian Cyber Units" 4354: 4321: 4291: 4258: 4225: 4216: 4192:Finn, Peter (15 January 2007). 4159: 4147: 4124: 4098: 4080: 4062: 4032: 4000: 3968: 3905:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 3892: 3860: 3679: 3654: 3628: 3588: 3569: 3548: 3477: 3451: 3394: 3368: 3309: 3224: 3121: 3073:Royal United Services Institute 3040: 2999:Royal United Services Institute 2995:"Ukraine Through Russia's Eyes" 2720: 2694: 2668: 2633: 2607: 2327:Intelligence agencies of Russia 2165:United States Embassy in Moscow 1853:1999 Russian apartment bombings 1799:, December 1993 – February 1994 1633:Control Service – chiefs: 1344: 1334:Federal Bureau of Investigation 1330:Department of Homeland Security 1259: 1199:Royal United Services Institute 952:Russian-American ballet dancer 885:were under house arrest due to 818:Royal United Services Institute 656:Organizational Security Service 613:Three Whales Corruption Scandal 10191:Doping at the Paralympic Games 9560:Ministry of Industry and Trade 9520:Ministry of Natural Resources 9419:Special Communications Service 6340:Federal Security Service (FSB) 6329:Russian Intelligence Community 6094:Congressional Research Service 5839:Roth, Andrew (24 March 2024). 5632:Harris, Shane (2 April 2024). 5207:ФСБ контролирует буквально все 5110:Schreck, Carl (26 July 2017). 4367:Congressional Research Service 3722:"Story to the Day of Checkist" 2765:. 11 July 2006. Archived from 2562: 2465: 2446: 2405: 2379: 2354: 2323:, government protection agency 1697:Center of Information Security 1544:(acting since 4 March 2021), 1283: 1100:Other arrested people include 589:Border Guard Service of Russia 538:Role in the Second Chechen War 458:the 1993 constitutional crisis 381:Initial recognition of the KGB 13: 1: 10217:1995 establishments in Russia 9778:Federal Accreditation Service 9692:Federal Rail Transport Agency 9614:Federal Communications Agency 9606:Communications and Mass Media 9076:List of intelligence agencies 8015:Republic of North Macedonia: 7489:Republic of North Macedonia: 6848:Republic of North Macedonia: 6238:Presidential Security Service 5847:. Guardian News & Media. 4716:Evangelista, Matthew (2002). 4441:"Chernovoltsev Eduard Person" 3066:"The Plot to Destroy Ukraine" 2662:Chechnya: From Past to Future 2475:The KGB: "They still need us" 2418:Journal of Strategic Security 2348: 2190:On 22 March 2024, four Tajik 2014:implicated FSB agents in the 1983:2016 US presidential election 1979:Main Intelligence Directorate 1898:, have claimed that the 1999 1159:Moscow theater hostage crisis 816:According to a report of the 712:During the last years of the 679:Moscow theater hostage crisis 597:Moscow theater hostage crisis 464:(FSK). The FSK was headed by 9836:Federal Antimonopoly Service 9682:Federal Air Transport Agency 9590:Ministry for the Development 9464:Offices subordinated to the 9439:Directorate of the President 9434:Federal Financial Monitoring 9404:Foreign Intelligence Service 9381:Federal Penitentiary Service 9294:Ministry of Internal Affairs 9275:Offices subordinated to the 6272:Federal Penitentiary Service 6174:Ministry of Internal Affairs 5443:Mogan, Tony (17 June 2016). 5390:. 9 November 2015. p. 3 4492:Who was Alexander Litvinenko 3984:(in Russian). 28 July 2006. 3458:Porter, Tom (8 April 2022). 2820:"No Place to Be a Terrorist" 2556:Russian Politics and Society 1842: 1238:Federal Border Guard Service 1163:Beslan school hostage crisis 1139:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 776:human rights organizations. 557:Ministry of Internal Affairs 534:as the head of FSB in 1999. 312:Foreign Intelligence Service 7: 10186:Doping at the Olympic Games 9550:Federal Agency for Forestry 9332:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 8929:Crime Intelligence Division 7819:CMC JSD Intelligence Bureau 3976:"17 particularly dangerous" 3828:"Oskar Kaibyshev convicted" 3748:"Case study: Igor Sutiagin" 3484:Ball, Tom (11 April 2022). 3286:Ball, Tom (29 March 2022). 3231:Ball, Tom (10 March 2022). 2558:(4th ed.). p. 98. 2431:10.5038/1944-0472.17.1.2164 2293: 2038: 1829:, August 1999 – 12 May 2008 1805:, February 1994 – June 1995 1752:(29 November 1991 – 1992), 1487:Counterintelligence Service 1404: 1175: 1095:Snezhinskiy Ecological Fund 1046:. Ecologist and journalist 986: 846:separatist-held territories 822:Security Service of Ukraine 661:Counterterrorist operations 399: 261: 10: 10258: 9647:Federal Agency for Fishery 9449:Security Council of Russia 9414:Federal Protective Service 9322:Russian State Fire Service 9281: 9173:Turbulence (NSA programme) 9109:Mass surveillance in China 6233:Federal Protective Service 4421:(in Russian). 4 March 2021 2891:Ball, Tom (9 March 2022). 2321:Federal Protective Service 2262: 2145: 2084:Russian Anti-Doping Agency 2063: 1682:(1998 – April 1999), 1575:(1998 – April 1999), 1516:(2004 – March 2006), 1477:federal subjects of Russia 1064:passing secret information 1062:. Kuranov is suspected of 995: 762:2010 Moscow Metro bombings 579:After becoming president, 524:Mikhail Ivanovich Barsukov 468:. Before the start of the 375: 316:Federal Protective Service 29: 10160: 10099: 10030: 9999: 9919: 9821: 9809: 9791: 9761: 9723: 9705: 9667: 9655: 9632: 9602: 9588: 9576: 9558: 9518: 9506: 9494: 9476: 9462: 9394: 9371: 9348: 9330: 9310: 9292: 9273: 9193: 9062: 9029: 8961: 8825: 8633: 8518: 8232: 7752: 7102: 6411: 6335: 6164: 4906:. UNHCR. 25 November 2017 4796:26 September 2007 at the 3812:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 1973:On 29 December 2016, the 1823:, July 1998 – August 1999 1381:This article needs to be 641:Economic Security Service 387: 249: 233: 221: 214: 192: 166: 156: 146: 136: 126: 118: 102: 84: 79: 67: 55: 48: 46: 42:of the Russian Federation 10212:Federal Security Service 9822:Governmental committees, 9470:Prime Minister of Russia 9444:National Guard of Russia 9409:Federal Security Service 7171:Bosnia and Herzegovina: 6498:Bosnia and Herzegovina: 6250:Federal Security Service 6206:National Guard of Russia 5930:. Agence France-Presse. 5876:The New Voice of Ukraine 5540:World Anti-Doping Agency 5463:World Anti-Doping Agency 5360:World Anti-Doping Agency 5206: 4820:18 November 2010 at the 4136:7 September 2021 at the 3264:. Reuters. 28 March 2022 2196:attack on a concert hall 2124:In July 2016, the first 2076:World Anti-Doping Agency 1670:(until September 2006), 1608:(since September 2006), 1563:(2 March 2004 to 2008), 1353:The FSB headquarters at 771:In July 2010, President 368:and a major part of the 215: 40:Federal Security Service 9738:Federal Customs Service 9634:Ministry of Agriculture 9454:Federal Archival Agency 9386:Federal Bailiff Service 9104:Great Firewall of China 6282:Federal Customs Service 6194:Migration Affairs Dept. 6169:Investigative Committee 4497:14 January 2017 at the 4467:19 October 2017 at the 3432:The Wall Street Journal 2458:10 January 2009 at the 2158:Crocus City Hall attack 2142:Crocus City Hall attack 1920:parliamentary elections 1864:human rights violations 1835:, 12 May 2008 – present 1817:, July 1996 – July 1998 1811:, July 1995 – June 1996 1704:(since December 2004), 1489:(Department) – chiefs: 1155:Abdul-Khalim Saidullaev 896:The Wall Street Journal 553:Dubrovka theatre attack 492:and former KGB officer 423:Federal Service Safety 285:Federal Service Safety 185:, First Deputy Director 9395:Presidential Services 9213:Law enforcement agency 9087:Diplomatic cable leaks 8555:Air Intelligence Group 7064:United Arab Emirates: 6082:public domain material 3962:4 January 2006 at the 2641:Who is Vladimir Putin? 2600:16 August 2018 at the 2234:." Another associate, 2160: 2139: 2107: 1855: 1663:(12 July 2000 – 2002), 1651: 1472: 1457: 1365: 1357: 1300:, TeamSpy, Dragonfly, 1233: 1129: 1050:, who worked with the 946: 902:On 11 April 2022, the 856:With the start of the 853: 852:as independent states. 813: 753: 674: 576: 497: 450:First Main Directorate 434:attempted coup of 1991 90:; 29 years ago 9824:services and agencies 9801:Federal Energy Agency 9763:Ministry of Economic 9669:Ministry of Transport 9508:Ministry of Education 9424:State Courier Service 6405:intelligence agencies 6211:National Guard Forces 4961:"Camera In The Banya" 4588:Pribylovsky, Vladimir 2155: 2134: 2088: 2018:of opposition leader 1850: 1720:(as of 1997 and 1998) 1668:Alexander Kupryazhkin 1642: 1559:(2008 to June 2016), 1463: 1452: 1429:on 24 February 2021. 1417:First Deputy Director 1363: 1352: 1228: 1123: 941: 839: 807: 747: 668: 650:Monitoring Department 570: 514:director heading the 509:on 23 June 1995. The 487: 10227:Government of Russia 9982:2022 Winter Olympics 9970:2020 Summer Olympics 9958:2018 Winter Olympics 9944:2016 Summer Olympics 9932:2014 Winter Olympics 9927:2012 Summer Olympics 9466:Government of Russia 6255:Border Guard Service 6189:Traffic Police Dept. 6048:The Barents Observer 5246:. 29 December 2016. 5095:. 14 November 2017. 4564:on 27 September 2011 4309:on 20 September 2017 4076:on 10 November 2013. 3932:"Grigory Pasko site" 3304:and places of birth. 2676:"Фсб Закрытого Типа" 2646:3 March 2022 at the 2279:Ukrainian occupation 2241:Novaya Gazeta Europe 2178:2024 Kerman bombings 2119:2016 Summer Olympics 2004:An investigation by 1924:Olga Kryshtanovskaya 1892:Vladimir Pribylovsky 1872:Alexander Litvinenko 1772:Directors of the FSB 1768:(since March 2004). 1624:Border Guard Service 1512:(since March 2006), 1501:Alexander Bezverkhny 1439:Eduard Chernovoltsev 1186:Foreign intelligence 1147:Zelimkhan Yandarbiev 559:(MVD) in July 2003. 366:Border Guard Service 327:counter-intelligence 9748:Federal Tax Service 9725:Ministry of Finance 9687:Federal Road Agency 9496:Ministry of Culture 9373:Ministry of Justice 9350:Ministry of Defence 9277:President of Russia 9225:Intelligence agency 6184:Patrol Police Dept. 6089:Russian Cyber Units 5638:The Washington Post 5593:Barnes, Julian E.; 5298:. 14 December 2020. 5280:. 4 September 2020. 4752:Insight on the News 4697:on 11 December 2008 4504:, 13 December 2012. 4239:The Washington Post 4198:The Washington Post 4112:on 12 February 2007 3054:. 23 February 2023. 2977:prices, corruption. 2212:Alexander Bortnikov 2204:Beslan school siege 2194:gunmen launched an 2096:Director Rodchenkov 1985:. In addition, the 1965:The Washington Post 1943:Jehovah's Witnesses 1833:Alexander Bortnikov 1762:Alexander Bortnikov 1758:Alexander Grigoryev 1756:(1992 –1998), 1659:(2004 – May 2005), 1648:Alexander Bortnikov 1620:(before Pereverzev) 1577:Alexander Grigoryev 1561:Alexander Bortnikov 1411:Alexander Bortnikov 1274:online surveillance 1264:In September 2017, 1078:for several years. 1034:, physical chemist 1017:Plesetsk Cosmodrome 992:Counterintelligence 937:The Washington Post 912:executive director 891:invasion of Ukraine 862:operations security 799:Alexander Bortnikov 750:Alexander Bortnikov 699:Beslan school siege 677:Beginning with the 593:Ministry of Defense 505:No. 633, signed by 490:President of Russia 480:Creation of the FSB 470:First Chechen War's 359:president of Russia 355:director of the FSB 290:) is the principal 174:Alexander Bortnikov 43: 10137:Grigory Rodchenkov 10012:WADA investigation 9920:Russia at Olympics 9793:Ministry of Energy 9478:Ministry of Health 9143:Call detail record 7689:Security Service ( 6872:Papua New Guinea: 6199:Drugs Police Dept. 6155:Law enforcement in 5989:New Lines Magazine 5606:The New York Times 5567:The New York Times 5494:The New York Times 5469:on 27 January 2022 5415:The New York Times 5022:en.crimerussia.com 4843:. 23 August 2007. 4626:Anna Politkovskaya 4016:. 13 August 2006. 3981:Rossiyskaya Gazeta 3908:. 12 August 2021. 3876:. 12 August 2021. 3695:. 10 August 2024. 3582:www.igorsushko.com 3133:en.interfax.com.ua 3075:. 15 February 2022 3001:. 25 February 2022 2933:. 21 February 2022 2826:on 6 October 2014. 2478:. pp. 36–39. 2271:crossed the border 2225:Navalny associate 2161: 2111:Grigory Rodchenkov 1900:apartment bombings 1896:Mikhail Trepashkin 1856: 1766:Yury Ignashchenkov 1652: 1635:Alexander Zhdankov 1628:Vladimir Pronichev 1618:Alexander Strelkov 1518:Alexander Zhdankov 1473: 1458: 1445:Regional structure 1366: 1358: 1234: 1231:Kaliningrad Oblast 1177:Rossiyskaya Gazeta 1130: 1106:Vladimir Kazantsev 1093:, chairman of the 1052:Bellona Foundation 1036:Oleg Korobeinichev 854: 814: 754: 730:Carnegie Endowment 675: 577: 544:Second Chechen War 498: 438:Vladimir Kryuchkov 39: 10199: 10198: 10091:Ministry of Sport 10022:Oswald Commission 9879: 9878: 9657:Ministry of Sport 9233: 9232: 9180:National security 8498:Derzhspetszviazok 6370: 6369: 6295: 6294: 6086:Andrew S. Bowen. 6068:. 16 August 2024. 6050:. 15 August 2024. 6029:. 13 August 2024. 6011:. 14 August 2024. 5960:. 25 March 2024. 5899:. 23 March 2024. 5816:. 27 March 2024. 5784:. 26 March 2024. 5754:. 26 March 2024. 5719:(22 March 2024). 5597:(22 March 2024). 5260:National Archives 5203:Волчек, Дмитрий. 4800:by Mark A. Smith 4731:978-0-8157-2499-5 4669:Los Angeles Times 4640:. 23 March 2006. 4601:978-1-906142-07-0 4584:Felshtinsky, Yuri 4532:on 27 August 2009 4525:Independent.co.uk 4094:on 7 August 2013. 3354:Irish Independent 3036:. 9 January 2023. 2964:Radio Free Europe 2735:. Kommersant.ru. 2343:Vulkan files leak 2130:Ministry of Sport 2092:Moscow laboratory 2078:(WADA) president 1991:persona non-grata 1888:Boris Kagarlitsky 1851:Aftermath of the 1827:Nikolai Patrushev 1776:On 20 June 1996, 1742:Nikolay Patrushev 1693:Nikolai Klimashin 1684:Nikolay Patrushev 1661:Rashid Nurgaliyev 1657:Vladimir Anisimov 1644:Rashid Nurgaliyev 1612:(before Shekin), 1573:Nikolay Patrushev 1565:Yury Zaostrovtsev 1402: 1401: 1221:Border protection 1197:According to the 1167:Nur-Pashi Kulayev 1087:Vladimir Petrenko 1048:Alexander Nikitin 830:Radio Free Europe 791:Nikolai Patrushev 631:Counter-Espionage 617:Nikolay Patrushev 609:Yury Zaostrovtsev 573:Nikolai Patrushev 532:Nikolai Patrushev 448:(SVR, the former 432:). Following the 397: 259: 237: 236: 228:Lubyanka Building 167:Agency executives 141:Lubyanka Building 88:3 April 1995 16:(Redirected from 10249: 10232:Doping in Russia 10161:Related articles 10147:Yuliya Stepanova 9913:Doping in Russia 9906: 9899: 9892: 9883: 9882: 9753:Federal Treasury 9468:, headed by the 9397:and Directorates 9287: 9260: 9253: 9246: 9237: 9236: 8951:United Kingdom: 8874:Baintelkam Polri 8799:United Kingdom: 8773:Rosfinmonitoring 8617:United Kingdom: 8595:Air Intelligence 8502:United Kingdom: 8187:United Kingdom: 7841:Czech Republic: 7687:United Kingdom: 7335:Baintelkam Polri 7243:Czech Republic: 7070:United Kingdom: 6576:Czech Republic: 6397: 6390: 6383: 6374: 6373: 6322: 6315: 6308: 6299: 6298: 6148: 6141: 6134: 6125: 6124: 6120: 6117: 6112: 6111: 6109:Official website 6097: 6079: 6078: 6070: 6069: 6058: 6052: 6051: 6040: 6031: 6030: 6027:Business Insider 6019: 6013: 6012: 5999: 5993: 5992: 5980: 5974: 5973: 5971: 5969: 5950: 5944: 5943: 5941: 5939: 5928:The Moscow Times 5919: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5908: 5887: 5881: 5880: 5879:. 23 March 2024. 5867: 5861: 5860: 5858: 5856: 5836: 5830: 5829: 5827: 5825: 5813:Associated Press 5804: 5798: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5774: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5744: 5738: 5737: 5735: 5733: 5713: 5707: 5706: 5704: 5702: 5697:on 23 March 2024 5693:. 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Shr.aaas.org. 3770: 3764: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3744: 3738: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3718: 3709: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3692:Voice of America 3683: 3677: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3658: 3652: 3651: 3649: 3647: 3632: 3626: 3625: 3619: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3592: 3586: 3585: 3573: 3567: 3566: 3552: 3546: 3545: 3539: 3537: 3522: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3489: 3481: 3475: 3474: 3472: 3470: 3464:Business Insider 3455: 3449: 3448: 3442: 3440: 3423: 3417: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3398: 3392: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3372: 3366: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3344: 3338: 3337: 3332: 3330: 3321: 3313: 3307: 3306: 3300: 3298: 3283: 3277: 3276: 3271: 3269: 3258: 3252: 3251: 3245: 3243: 3228: 3222: 3221: 3215: 3213: 3202: 3196: 3195: 3190: 3188: 3173: 3167: 3166: 3160: 3158: 3153:. 5 January 2016 3143: 3137: 3136: 3125: 3119: 3118: 3112: 3110: 3095: 3089: 3088: 3082: 3080: 3070: 3062: 3056: 3055: 3044: 3038: 3037: 3026: 3015: 3014: 3008: 3006: 2991: 2980: 2979: 2973: 2971: 2956: 2947: 2946: 2940: 2938: 2921: 2912: 2911: 2905: 2903: 2888: 2882: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2861: 2855: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2834: 2828: 2827: 2815: 2809: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2795:. 10 June 2006. 2785: 2779: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2769:on 9 August 2014 2755: 2749: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2724: 2718: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2698: 2692: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2672: 2666: 2665: 2657: 2651: 2637: 2631: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2611: 2605: 2592: 2586: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2566: 2560: 2559: 2554:Sakwa, Richard. 2551: 2542: 2541: 2533: 2512: 2511: 2505: 2501: 2499: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2469: 2463: 2450: 2444: 2443: 2433: 2409: 2403: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2383: 2377: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2358: 2310: 2305: 2304: 2303: 2283:FSB Border Guard 2247:s chief editor, 2246: 2105: 2066:Doping in Russia 2050:accounting fraud 2043: 1987:State Department 1880:Yury Felshtinsky 1815:Nikolai Kovalyov 1809:Mikhail Barsukov 1803:Sergei Stepashin 1797:Nikolai Golushko 1789:Nikolay Kovalyov 1785:Mikhail Barsukov 1754:Viktor Cherkesov 1750:Sergei Stepashin 1734:Leningrad Oblast 1730:Saint Petersburg 1726:federal subjects 1710:Viktor Milchenko 1626: – chiefs: 1614:Pyotr Pereverzev 1588:Viktor Komogorov 1558: 1550:Yuri V. Yakovlev 1529:Mikhail Belousov 1514:Alexander Bragin 1491:Oleg Syromolotov 1397: 1394: 1388: 1376: 1375: 1368: 1254:nonproliferation 1215:targeted killing 1209:Targeted killing 1204: 1180: 1116:Counterterrorism 1042:, and physicist 1032:Valentin Danilov 1005:Nikolay Kovalyov 981:Belgorod Oblasts 930:Grigory Grishaev 918:Lefortovo Prison 881:and his deputy, 866:Vitaly Gerasimov 842:Security Council 575:on 9 August 2000 474:Dzhokhar Dudayev 466:Sergei Stepashin 427: 424: 421: 418: 415: 411: 406: 402: 392: 390: 389: 339:counterterrorism 289: 286: 283: 280: 277: 273: 268: 264: 254: 252: 251: 226: 209:Building details 207: 202: 199: 176:(Army General), 103:Preceding agency 98: 96: 91: 72: 60: 51: 50: 44: 38: 21: 10257: 10256: 10252: 10251: 10250: 10248: 10247: 10246: 10202: 10201: 10200: 10195: 10156: 10117:Richard McLaren 10100:Involved people 10095: 10079:World Athletics 10026: 9995: 9915: 9910: 9880: 9875: 9823: 9817: 9805: 9787: 9764: 9757: 9719: 9701: 9663: 9651: 9628: 9605: 9598: 9591: 9584: 9572: 9554: 9522:and Environment 9521: 9514: 9502: 9490: 9472: 9458: 9396: 9390: 9367: 9344: 9326: 9313: 9306: 9288: 9279: 9269: 9264: 9234: 9229: 9189: 9128:Security agency 9116:Law enforcement 9064: 9058: 9031: 9025: 8963: 8957: 8828: 8821: 8805:United States: 8636: 8629: 8623:United States: 8521: 8514: 8508:United States: 8235: 8228: 8193:United States: 7755: 7748: 7709:United States: 7104: 7098: 7080:United States: 6413: 6407: 6401: 6371: 6366: 6331: 6326: 6296: 6291: 6287:Military Police 6160: 6152: 6118: 6107: 6106: 6103: 6076: 6073: 6060: 6059: 6055: 6042: 6041: 6034: 6021: 6020: 6016: 6001: 6000: 5996: 5981: 5977: 5967: 5965: 5952: 5951: 5947: 5937: 5935: 5920: 5916: 5906: 5904: 5889: 5888: 5884: 5869: 5868: 5864: 5854: 5852: 5837: 5833: 5823: 5821: 5806: 5805: 5801: 5791: 5789: 5776: 5775: 5771: 5761: 5759: 5746: 5745: 5741: 5731: 5729: 5714: 5710: 5700: 5698: 5681: 5677: 5672:. 1 April 2024. 5662: 5661: 5657: 5647: 5645: 5630: 5626: 5616: 5614: 5591: 5587: 5577: 5575: 5558: 5554: 5544: 5542: 5534: 5533: 5529: 5524:. 18 July 2016. 5520: 5519: 5515: 5510:. 18 July 2016. 5506: 5505: 5501: 5486: 5482: 5472: 5470: 5457: 5456: 5452: 5441: 5437: 5427: 5425: 5407: 5403: 5393: 5391: 5383: 5379: 5378: 5374: 5364: 5362: 5354: 5353: 5349: 5339: 5337: 5322: 5318: 5307: 5303: 5290: 5289: 5285: 5272: 5271: 5267: 5253: 5251: 5236: 5235: 5231: 5221: 5219: 5208: 5201: 5197: 5187: 5185: 5172: 5171: 5167: 5150: 5149: 5145: 5132: 5131: 5127: 5108: 5104: 5091: 5090: 5086: 5070: 5069: 5062: 5060: 5045: 5041: 5031: 5029: 5016: 5015: 5011: 5001: 4999: 4988: 4984: 4974: 4972: 4967:. 14 May 2021. 4959: 4958: 4954: 4944: 4942: 4927: 4923: 4909: 4907: 4902: 4901: 4897: 4890: 4886: 4876: 4874: 4869:. 17 May 1985. 4867:"ПОГОНОВОЖАТЫЕ" 4865: 4864: 4860: 4850: 4848: 4833: 4832: 4828: 4822:Wayback Machine 4811: 4807: 4798:Wayback Machine 4789: 4785: 4779:Irina Khakamada 4775:Georgil Satarov 4768: 4764: 4743: 4739: 4732: 4714: 4710: 4700: 4698: 4685: 4684: 4680: 4661: 4657: 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7493: 7487: 7481: 7475: 7469: 7463: 7457: 7451: 7445: 7439: 7429: 7423: 7417: 7411: 7405: 7399: 7385: 7379: 7373: 7359: 7345: 7331: 7325: 7319: 7309: 7303: 7293: 7283: 7277: 7271: 7265: 7259: 7253: 7247: 7241: 7235: 7229: 7223: 7217: 7211: 7205: 7199: 7193: 7187: 7181: 7175: 7169: 7163: 7157: 7151: 7145: 7139: 7133: 7127: 7121: 7115: 7108: 7106: 7100: 7099: 7097: 7096: 7090: 7084: 7078: 7068: 7062: 7056: 7050: 7046:Turkmenistan: 7044: 7038: 7032: 7026: 7020: 7014: 7008: 7002: 6996: 6990: 6984: 6978: 6972: 6966: 6960: 6956:South Africa: 6954: 6948: 6942: 6936: 6930: 6926:Sierra Leone: 6924: 6918: 6914:Saudi Arabia: 6912: 6906: 6900: 6894: 6888: 6882: 6876: 6870: 6864: 6858: 6852: 6846: 6840: 6834: 6828: 6822: 6816: 6810: 6804: 6798: 6792: 6786: 6780: 6774: 6768: 6762: 6756: 6750: 6744: 6738: 6732: 6726: 6720: 6714: 6708: 6702: 6696: 6690: 6684: 6678: 6672: 6666: 6660: 6654: 6640: 6634: 6628: 6622: 6616: 6610: 6604: 6598: 6592: 6586: 6580: 6574: 6568: 6562: 6556: 6550: 6544: 6538: 6532: 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Ostrow 4762: 4737: 4730: 4708: 4678: 4655: 4629: 4607: 4600: 4575: 4543: 4506: 4484: 4473: 4454: 4432: 4404: 4389:. 7 March 2022 4372: 4353: 4338:(in Russian). 4320: 4290: 4257: 4224: 4215: 4184: 4158: 4146: 4123: 4097: 4079: 4061: 4031: 3999: 3967: 3957:The Pasko case 3949: 3923: 3891: 3859: 3833: 3819: 3791: 3765: 3739: 3710: 3678: 3653: 3627: 3587: 3576:Sushko, Igor. 3568: 3547: 3514: 3476: 3450: 3418: 3393: 3367: 3339: 3308: 3278: 3253: 3223: 3197: 3183:. 7 March 2022 3168: 3138: 3120: 3090: 3057: 3039: 3016: 2981: 2948: 2913: 2883: 2856: 2829: 2810: 2780: 2750: 2719: 2708:on 12 May 2011 2693: 2667: 2652: 2632: 2606: 2587: 2561: 2543: 2513: 2464: 2445: 2404: 2378: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2346: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2329: 2324: 2318: 2312: 2311: 2295: 2292: 2260: 2257: 2220:disinformation 2185:Vladimir Putin 2143: 2140: 2126:McLaren Report 2101: 2070:McLaren Report 2061: 2058: 2044:, some of the 2020:Alexei Navalny 1935:United Nations 1916:Vladimir Putin 1844: 1841: 1837: 1836: 1830: 1824: 1821:Vladimir Putin 1818: 1812: 1806: 1800: 1793: 1787:and appointed 1773: 1770: 1746:Anatoly Kurkov 1738:Vladimir Putin 1722: 1721: 1712:(since 2002), 1708:(as of 2004), 1698: 1695: 1689: 1688: 1687: 1676:Sergei Smirnov 1672:Sergei Shishin 1664: 1631: 1621: 1616:(as of 2004), 1610:Sergey Shishin 1606:Mikhail Shekin 1602: 1595: 1586:(since 2009), 1580: 1546:Sergei Korolev 1542:Sergei Alpatov 1538: 1537: 1536: 1533:Boris Mylnikov 1506: 1505: 1504: 1497: 1446: 1443: 1434: 1431: 1427:Vladimir Putin 1423:Sergei Korolev 1418: 1415: 1406: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1393:September 2009 1380: 1378: 1371: 1346: 1343: 1306:Crouching Yeti 1294:Energetic Bear 1285: 1282: 1261: 1258: 1245: 1244:Export control 1242: 1222: 1219: 1210: 1207: 1187: 1184: 1117: 1114: 1110:Vil Mirzayanov 1102:Viktor Orekhov 1091:Nikolay Shchur 1060:St. Petersburg 1056:plasma physics 1038:, academician 996:Main article: 993: 990: 988: 985: 914:Christo Grozev 810:invade Ukraine 795:Yury Kovalchuk 781: 778: 741: 738: 718:Vitaly Shlykov 714:Vladimir Putin 703:Shamil Basayev 662: 659: 658: 657: 654: 651: 648: 645: 642: 639: 638:Border Service 636: 633: 581:Vladimir Putin 564: 561: 539: 536: 528:Vladimir Putin 494:Vladimir Putin 481: 478: 382: 379: 377: 374: 235: 234: 231: 230: 227: 219: 218: 212: 211: 208: 194: 190: 189: 187: 186: 183:Sergei Korolev 180: 170: 168: 164: 163: 158: 154: 153: 148: 144: 143: 138: 134: 133: 128: 124: 123: 120: 116: 115: 113: 112: 106: 104: 100: 99: 86: 82: 81: 77: 76: 73: 65: 64: 61: 53: 52: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10254: 10243: 10240: 10238: 10235: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10213: 10210: 10209: 10207: 10192: 10189: 10187: 10184: 10182: 10179: 10177: 10175: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10165: 10163: 10159: 10153: 10150: 10148: 10145: 10143: 10140: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10128: 10125: 10123: 10120: 10118: 10115: 10113: 10110: 10108: 10105: 10104: 10102: 10098: 10092: 10089: 10087: 10084: 10080: 10077: 10076: 10075: 10072: 10068: 10065: 10064: 10063: 10060: 10056: 10053: 10052: 10051: 10048: 10044: 10041: 10040: 10039: 10036: 10035: 10033: 10031:Organisations 10029: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10007:Garcia Report 10005: 10004: 10002: 9998: 9990: 9989: 9985: 9984: 9983: 9980: 9976: 9973: 9972: 9971: 9968: 9964: 9961: 9960: 9959: 9956: 9952: 9951: 9947: 9946: 9945: 9942: 9938: 9935: 9934: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9924: 9922: 9918: 9914: 9907: 9902: 9900: 9895: 9893: 9888: 9887: 9884: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9837: 9834: 9832: 9829: 9828: 9826: 9820: 9814: 9812: 9808: 9802: 9799: 9798: 9796: 9794: 9790: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9770: 9768: 9766: 9760: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9746: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9731: 9730: 9728: 9726: 9722: 9716: 9713: 9712: 9710: 9708: 9704: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9688: 9685: 9683: 9680: 9678: 9675: 9674: 9672: 9670: 9666: 9660: 9658: 9654: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9640: 9639: 9637: 9635: 9631: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9611: 9609: 9607: 9601: 9595: 9593: 9587: 9581: 9579: 9575: 9569: 9566: 9565: 9563: 9561: 9557: 9551: 9548: 9546: 9543: 9541: 9538: 9536: 9533: 9531: 9528: 9527: 9525: 9523: 9517: 9511: 9509: 9505: 9499: 9497: 9493: 9487: 9484: 9483: 9481: 9479: 9475: 9471: 9467: 9461: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9401: 9399: 9393: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9378: 9376: 9374: 9370: 9364: 9361: 9359: 9356: 9355: 9353: 9351: 9347: 9341: 9338: 9337: 9335: 9333: 9329: 9323: 9320: 9319: 9317: 9315: 9309: 9303: 9300: 9299: 9297: 9295: 9291: 9286: 9278: 9272: 9268: 9261: 9256: 9254: 9249: 9247: 9242: 9241: 9238: 9226: 9223: 9219: 9216: 9215: 9214: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9195: 9192: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9174: 9171: 9169: 9166: 9164: 9161: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9146: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9135: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9122: 9119: 9118: 9117: 9114: 9110: 9107: 9106: 9105: 9102: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9085: 9084: 9083: 9080: 9077: 9073: 9070: 9069: 9067: 9061: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9042: 9040: 9039:Club de Berne 9037: 9036: 9034: 9028: 9022: 9021:United States 9019: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8997: 8994: 8992: 8989: 8987: 8984: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8974: 8972: 8969: 8968: 8966: 8960: 8954: 8950: 8948: 8944: 8940: 8936: 8932: 8930: 8926: 8924: 8920: 8918: 8914: 8910: 8906: 8902: 8900: 8896: 8893:Philippines: 8892: 8890: 8886: 8882: 8879: 8875: 8871: 8869: 8865: 8863: 8859: 8857: 8853: 8851: 8847: 8845: 8841: 8839: 8835: 8834: 8832: 8830: 8824: 8818: 8814: 8812: 8808: 8804: 8802: 8798: 8796: 8792: 8790: 8786: 8782: 8780: 8776: 8774: 8770: 8768: 8764: 8762: 8758: 8754: 8750: 8748: 8745:Netherlands: 8744: 8742: 8738: 8736: 8732: 8729: 8725: 8723: 8719: 8717: 8713: 8711: 8707: 8705: 8701: 8699: 8695: 8693: 8689: 8685: 8683: 8679: 8677: 8673: 8671: 8667: 8665: 8661: 8659: 8655: 8653: 8649: 8647: 8643: 8642: 8640: 8638: 8632: 8626: 8622: 8620: 8616: 8614: 8610: 8608: 8604: 8602: 8599:Philippines: 8598: 8596: 8592: 8590: 8586: 8582: 8578: 8574: 8570: 8568: 8565:New Zealand: 8564: 8562: 8558: 8556: 8552: 8550: 8546: 8544: 8540: 8538: 8534: 8532: 8528: 8527: 8525: 8523: 8517: 8511: 8507: 8505: 8501: 8499: 8495: 8493: 8489: 8487: 8483: 8481: 8477: 8475: 8472:Switzerland: 8471: 8469: 8465: 8463: 8459: 8457: 8453: 8451: 8447: 8445: 8444: 8439: 8437: 8433: 8431: 8427: 8423: 8419: 8415: 8411: 8407: 8403: 8399: 8395: 8391: 8389: 8385: 8383: 8379: 8377: 8374:North Korea: 8373: 8371: 8368:New Zealand: 8367: 8365: 8361: 8358:Netherlands: 8357: 8355: 8351: 8349: 8345: 8343: 8339: 8337: 8333: 8330: 8326: 8322: 8320: 8316: 8312: 8310: 8306: 8304: 8300: 8298: 8294: 8290: 8288: 8284: 8282: 8278: 8276: 8272: 8270: 8266: 8264: 8260: 8258: 8254: 8252: 8248: 8246: 8242: 8241: 8239: 8237: 8231: 8225: 8221: 8219: 8215: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8197: 8196: 8192: 8190: 8186: 8184: 8180: 8178: 8177:GENKUR İ.D.B. 8174: 8172: 8168: 8166: 8162: 8160: 8156: 8152: 8150: 8146: 8143:Switzerland: 8142: 8140: 8136: 8134: 8130: 8128: 8124: 8122: 8118: 8115:South Korea: 8114: 8112: 8108: 8106: 8102: 8100: 8096: 8094: 8090: 8088: 8084: 8080: 8078: 8074: 8072: 8068: 8066: 8062: 8060: 8056: 8054: 8050: 8046: 8044: 8041:Philippines: 8040: 8038: 8034: 8030: 8026: 8024: 8020: 8018: 8014: 8012: 8009:North Korea: 8008: 8006: 8002: 8000: 7997:New Zealand: 7996: 7994: 7991:Netherlands: 7990: 7988: 7984: 7982: 7978: 7976: 7972: 7970: 7966: 7964: 7960: 7958: 7954: 7952: 7948: 7946: 7942: 7940: 7936: 7934: 7930: 7928: 7924: 7920: 7918: 7914: 7910: 7908: 7904: 7900: 7896: 7895:General Staff 7892: 7890: 7886: 7884: 7880: 7878: 7874: 7872: 7868: 7864: 7862: 7858: 7856: 7852: 7850: 7846: 7844: 7840: 7838: 7834: 7832: 7828: 7826: 7822: 7820: 7816: 7814: 7810: 7808: 7804: 7802: 7798: 7796: 7792: 7790: 7786: 7784: 7780: 7778: 7774: 7772: 7768: 7766: 7762: 7761: 7759: 7757: 7751: 7745: 7741: 7738: 7734: 7730: 7728: 7724: 7722: 7718: 7716: 7712: 7708: 7706: 7702: 7698: 7694: 7692: 7686: 7684: 7680: 7678: 7674: 7672: 7668: 7664: 7662: 7658: 7656: 7652: 7648: 7646: 7642: 7640: 7636: 7634: 7631:Switzerland: 7630: 7628: 7624: 7622: 7618: 7616: 7612: 7610: 7606: 7604: 7600: 7598: 7594: 7592: 7588: 7586: 7582: 7580: 7576: 7574: 7570: 7568: 7564: 7562: 7558: 7556: 7552: 7548: 7544: 7542: 7538: 7535:Philippines: 7534: 7532: 7528: 7526: 7522: 7520: 7516: 7514: 7510: 7506: 7504: 7500: 7498: 7494: 7492: 7488: 7486: 7483:North Korea: 7482: 7480: 7476: 7474: 7471:New Zealand: 7470: 7468: 7465:Netherlands: 7464: 7462: 7458: 7456: 7452: 7450: 7446: 7444: 7440: 7438: 7434: 7430: 7428: 7424: 7422: 7418: 7416: 7412: 7410: 7406: 7404: 7400: 7398: 7394: 7390: 7386: 7384: 7380: 7378: 7374: 7372: 7368: 7364: 7360: 7358: 7354: 7350: 7346: 7344: 7340: 7336: 7332: 7330: 7326: 7324: 7320: 7318: 7314: 7310: 7308: 7304: 7302: 7298: 7294: 7292: 7288: 7284: 7282: 7278: 7276: 7272: 7270: 7266: 7264: 7260: 7258: 7254: 7252: 7248: 7246: 7242: 7240: 7236: 7234: 7230: 7228: 7224: 7222: 7218: 7216: 7212: 7210: 7206: 7204: 7200: 7198: 7194: 7192: 7188: 7186: 7182: 7180: 7176: 7174: 7170: 7168: 7164: 7162: 7158: 7156: 7152: 7150: 7147:Azerbaijan: 7146: 7144: 7140: 7138: 7134: 7132: 7128: 7126: 7122: 7120: 7116: 7114: 7110: 7109: 7107: 7101: 7095: 7091: 7089: 7085: 7083: 7079: 7077: 7075: 7069: 7067: 7063: 7061: 7057: 7055: 7051: 7049: 7045: 7043: 7039: 7037: 7033: 7031: 7027: 7025: 7021: 7019: 7015: 7013: 7009: 7007: 7003: 7001: 6997: 6995: 6992:Switzerland: 6991: 6989: 6985: 6983: 6979: 6977: 6973: 6971: 6967: 6965: 6962:South Korea: 6961: 6959: 6955: 6953: 6949: 6947: 6943: 6941: 6937: 6935: 6931: 6929: 6925: 6923: 6919: 6917: 6913: 6911: 6907: 6905: 6901: 6899: 6895: 6893: 6889: 6887: 6883: 6881: 6878:Philippines: 6877: 6875: 6871: 6869: 6865: 6863: 6862:Palace Office 6859: 6857: 6853: 6851: 6847: 6845: 6842:North Korea: 6841: 6839: 6835: 6833: 6830:New Zealand: 6829: 6827: 6824:Netherlands: 6823: 6821: 6817: 6815: 6811: 6809: 6805: 6803: 6799: 6797: 6793: 6791: 6787: 6785: 6781: 6779: 6775: 6773: 6769: 6767: 6763: 6761: 6757: 6755: 6751: 6749: 6745: 6743: 6739: 6737: 6733: 6731: 6727: 6725: 6721: 6719: 6715: 6713: 6710:Ivory Coast: 6709: 6707: 6703: 6701: 6697: 6695: 6691: 6689: 6685: 6683: 6679: 6677: 6673: 6671: 6667: 6665: 6661: 6659: 6655: 6653: 6649: 6645: 6641: 6639: 6635: 6633: 6629: 6627: 6623: 6621: 6617: 6615: 6611: 6609: 6605: 6603: 6599: 6597: 6593: 6591: 6587: 6585: 6581: 6579: 6575: 6573: 6569: 6567: 6563: 6561: 6557: 6555: 6551: 6549: 6545: 6543: 6539: 6537: 6533: 6531: 6527: 6525: 6521: 6519: 6515: 6513: 6509: 6507: 6503: 6501: 6497: 6495: 6491: 6489: 6485: 6483: 6479: 6477: 6473: 6471: 6467: 6465: 6461: 6459: 6455: 6453: 6449: 6447: 6443: 6441: 6437: 6435: 6431: 6429: 6425: 6423: 6420:Afghanistan: 6419: 6418: 6416: 6410: 6406: 6398: 6393: 6391: 6386: 6384: 6379: 6378: 6375: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6351: 6348: 6347: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6337: 6334: 6330: 6323: 6318: 6316: 6311: 6309: 6304: 6303: 6300: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6252: 6251: 6248: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6235: 6234: 6231: 6227: 6226:Naval Service 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6208: 6207: 6204: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6176: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6166: 6163: 6159: 6156: 6149: 6144: 6142: 6137: 6135: 6130: 6129: 6126: 6116: 6110: 6105: 6104: 6098: 6095: 6091: 6090: 6083: 6067: 6063: 6057: 6049: 6045: 6039: 6037: 6028: 6024: 6018: 6010: 6009: 6004: 5998: 5990: 5986: 5979: 5963: 5959: 5955: 5949: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5918: 5902: 5898: 5897: 5892: 5886: 5878: 5877: 5872: 5866: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5835: 5819: 5815: 5814: 5809: 5803: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5773: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5743: 5728: 5727: 5722: 5718: 5717:Schmitt, Eric 5712: 5696: 5692: 5691: 5686: 5679: 5671: 5670: 5665: 5659: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5628: 5612: 5608: 5607: 5601: 5596: 5595:Schmitt, Eric 5589: 5573: 5569: 5568: 5563: 5556: 5541: 5537: 5531: 5523: 5517: 5509: 5503: 5495: 5491: 5484: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5454: 5446: 5439: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5405: 5389: 5382: 5376: 5361: 5357: 5351: 5335: 5331: 5330:Novaya Gazeta 5327: 5320: 5314: 5310: 5305: 5297: 5293: 5287: 5279: 5275: 5269: 5261: 5249: 5245: 5244: 5239: 5233: 5217: 5213: 5212:Радио Свобода 5209: 5199: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5169: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5147: 5139: 5135: 5129: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5106: 5098: 5094: 5088: 5080: 5074: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5043: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5013: 4997: 4993: 4986: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4956: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4925: 4918: 4905: 4899: 4893: 4888: 4872: 4868: 4862: 4846: 4842: 4841: 4840:The Economist 4836: 4830: 4823: 4819: 4816: 4815: 4809: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4792: 4787: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4766: 4758: 4754: 4753: 4748: 4741: 4733: 4727: 4722: 4721: 4712: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4682: 4674: 4670: 4666: 4659: 4643: 4639: 4633: 4627: 4623: 4620: 4616: 4611: 4603: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4579: 4560: 4553: 4547: 4531: 4527: 4526: 4521: 4519: 4510: 4503: 4500: 4496: 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During the 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1127: 1122: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1083:Grigory Pasko 1079: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1028:Igor Sutyagin 1024: 1022: 1018: 1013: 1010: 1006: 999: 984: 982: 978: 974: 969: 967: 963: 962:New York City 959: 955: 950: 945: 940: 938: 933: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 906: 900: 898: 897: 892: 888: 884: 880: 879:Sergey Beseda 876: 870: 867: 863: 859: 851: 847: 843: 838: 834: 832: 831: 825: 823: 819: 811: 806: 802: 800: 796: 792: 786: 777: 774: 769: 767: 763: 758: 751: 746: 737: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 710: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 672: 667: 655: 652: 649: 646: 643: 640: 637: 634: 632: 629: 628: 627: 624: 622: 618: 614: 610: 604: 602: 598: 594: 590: 585: 582: 574: 569: 563:Putin reforms 560: 558: 554: 550: 545: 535: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 512: 508: 507:Boris Yeltsin 504: 495: 491: 486: 477: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 410: 401: 395: 373: 371: 367: 362: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 323: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 272: 263: 257: 246: 242: 232: 225: 220: 213: 206: 201: 195: 191: 184: 181: 179: 175: 172: 171: 169: 165: 162: 159: 157:Annual budget 155: 152: 149: 145: 142: 139: 135: 132: 129: 125: 121: 117: 111: 108: 107: 105: 101: 87: 83: 78: 71: 66: 59: 54: 45: 37: 33: 19: 10173: 10152:James Walden 10142:Hajo Seppelt 10127:Denis Oswald 10122:Vitaly Mutko 10085: 9986: 9948: 9408: 9198:Border guard 9133:Surveillance 9054:Egmont Group 9030:Intelligence 8962:Intelligence 8848:Bangladesh: 8829:intelligence 8662:Bangladesh: 8656:Azerbaijan: 8637:intelligence 8522:intelligence 8442: 8352:Kazakhstan: 8249:Bangladesh: 8236:intelligence 7955:Kazakhstan: 7787:Bangladesh: 7756:intelligence 7719:Uzbekistan: 7690: 7572: 7441:Luxembourg: 7401:Kazakhstan: 7153:Bangladesh: 7105:intelligence 7086:Uzbekistan: 7073: 7010:Tajikistan: 6818:Mozambique: 6806:Montenegro: 6740:Kyrgyzstan: 6728:Kazakhstan: 6480:Bangladesh: 6468:Azerbaijan: 6414:intelligence 6339: 6249: 6119:(in Russian) 6088: 6074: 6065: 6056: 6047: 6026: 6017: 6006: 5997: 5988: 5978: 5966:. 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TAdviser 4400:sanctions. 4272:TechCrunch 4250:21 October 4013:Arab Times 3942:4 November 3784:4 November 3758:4 November 3034:Yahoo News 2743:4 November 2712:4 November 2686:8 February 2349:References 2287:conscripts 2263:See also: 2146:See also: 2006:Bellingcat 1955:corruption 1908:false flag 1860:corruption 1141:including 1072:hypersonic 910:Bellingcat 707:Ingushetia 452:) and the 161:Classified 151:Classified 95:1995-04-03 32:FSB (band) 10168:Meldonium 9148:Carnivore 9097:CIA leaks 9092:NSA leaks 9072:Espionage 9049:Maximator 9044:Five Eyes 9032:alliances 8971:Australia 8964:community 8921:Romania: 8905:BWiIK KGP 8815:Vatican: 8714:Ireland: 8696:Iceland: 8635:Financial 8613:TsVTI GRU 8567:GEOINT NZ 8535:Finland: 8496:Ukraine: 8434:Romania: 8334:Ireland: 8301:Germany: 8285:Finland: 8273:Croatia: 8222:Vietnam: 8181:Ukraine: 8063:Romania: 8003:Nigeria: 7985:Myanmar: 7979:Morocco: 7931:Ireland: 7887:Hungary: 7875:Germany: 7861:PE TIEDOS 7859:Finland: 7847:Denmark: 7829:Croatia: 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