36:
161:
152:. Corticosteroids also represent an option for pulmonary EG treatment. Operative treatment includes bone grafting and surgical fixation. In advanced stages of the disease, lung transplantation may be required. High-risk patients with multiple lesions (CNS-risk bones, lungs) may undergo chemotherapy.
106:
Lung EG is even less common. Its prevalence has not been published, however, lung EG was already diagnosed in approximately 5% of all lung biotic samples. Such condition may be asymptomatic, but also a non-productive cough, dyspnea, chest pain, fatigue, and spontaneous pneumothorax can occur. Higher
201:
The lesions mostly appear on the upper lip as ulcers, but they also develop on the gums and palate. Other locations like foot pads are not exceptional and are typical for developing plaques instead of ulcers. Such plaques may be itchy and swelling. In the case of oral ulceration, bleeding, pain and
102:
Clinically, single or multiple lesions are present mostly on the axial skeleton - on the skull, spine, ribs, pelvis and long bones. Specifically, thoracic spine and frontal bone within the skull are the most affected in children. On the other hand, cervical spine and jaw bone are the major spots of
314:
CEG usually manifests as a plaque on the palate, gums, lips or tongue. These are proliferative white or reddish lesions that may be painful and can be the cause of halitosis and hemorrhage that are often present. Loss of appetite is the most obvious symptom indicating the illness. The lesions may
266:
is extremely rare autoinflammatory state affecting primarily oral cavity and surrounding areas of transition between mucosa and hairy skin. However, there has also been described forms affecting lungs or digits. It may appear independently on the breed or age, although, particular breeds are more
181:
is relatively common condition, characterized by number of patterns affecting oral cavity, skin and mucocutaneous junctions of cats. EGC can be triggered by various stimuli, however, the feline allergic disease is the most relevant one. Among the others, insect bites (fleas), fungi infections and
62:
tumors that occurs mainly in children and adolescents. EG is a quite rare condition, and its incidence is higher in white than in black population, also slightly more affecting males than females. EG develops in 4-5 children (aged under 15) per million/year and in 1 or 2 adults per million/year.
323:
Although the etiology of the disease is not understood completely, it is believed that the most relevant triggers of the autoimmune reaction are various environmental stimuli, especially food allergens and insect bites. Thus, the treatment usually includes transition to hypoallergenic diet and
210:
The treatment of the EGC generally consists of hypoallergenic diet combined with insect bite prevention. Corticosteroids are administered either orally or by long-acting intralesional injections. Alternatively, cyclosporine provides similar effect. Commonly used drugs include:
143:
Single lesions spontaneously regress often, especially in children, thus are followed up in regular intervals. Patients with spinal lesions are immobilized to minimize the pain. More complicated cases with multiple lesions should be treated with
127:. Histopathological examination of the bioptic sample is focused on the presence of mononuclear LCs with prominent nuclear grooves (coffee bean shaped nuclei) with addition of eosinophils. Such examination also utilizes CD1 and
448:
Badalian-Very, Gayane; Vergilio, Jo-Anne; Degar, Barbara A.; MacConaill, Laura E.; Brandner, Barbara; Calicchio, Monica L.; Kuo, Frank C.; Ligon, Azra H.; Stevenson, Kristen E.; Kehoe, Sarah M.; Garraway, Levi A. (2010-09-16).
1086:
1066:
103:
EG lesions in adults. Symptoms of EG include stiffness, local pain, edema of surrounding tissues, posture change, and many others, depending on the affected bone.
348:). Remission of the lesions may occur in some cases, but in the others low doses of life-long immunosuppression may be necessary. Recent publications mention
193:
Three primary clinical lesions of EGC include indolent (also referred to as eosinophilic or rodent) ulcer, eosinophilic plaque and eosinophilic granuloma.
944:"Clinicopathological Features, Risk Factors and Predispositions, and Response to Treatment of Eosinophilic Oral Disease in 24 Dogs (2000-2016)"
1271:
1197:
17:
1366:
1187:
620:"Diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis on fine needle aspiration cytology: a case report and review of the cytology literature"
86:
signaling pathway due to mutation of signaling proteins. Particularly, it was published that about 50% of the EG cases had mutated
66:
The etiology of EG is not fully understood yet. However, the onset of abnormal LC proliferation may be triggered by viral stimuli (
1151:
1319:
864:
747:
1002:
Tellado, MatĂas Nicolás; Michinski, Sebastián Diego; Olaiz, Nahuel; Maglietti, Felipe; Marshall, Guillermo (2014-10-16).
1280:
1226:
831:
561:
Ma, Jennifer; Laird, James H.; Chau, Karen W.; Chelius, Monica R.; Lok, Benjamin H.; Yahalom, Joachim (January 2019).
1324:
1261:
1251:
1208:
942:
Mendelsohn, Danielle; Lewis, John R.; Scott, Kristin
Iglesias; Brown, Dorothy C.; Reiter, Alexander M. (March 2019).
286:
Eosinophilic granuloma lesions in dogs primarily consists of eosinophils with addition of various cell subtypes such
563:"Langerhans cell histiocytosis in adults is associated with a high prevalence of hematologic and solid malignancies"
1290:
1246:
1169:
280:
187:
1231:
1144:
735:
124:
1340:
1182:
212:
1236:
1221:
1101:
1314:
1301:
51:
352:
as a novel therapeutical method of CEG providing selective disappearance of the granuloma mass.
1241:
1137:
325:
67:
1361:
1276:
1256:
315:
spontaneously appear and wane. Biopsy is usually required for confirmation of the diagnosis.
183:
255:
may be used but due to side effects it's only recommended for severe and reoccurring cases.
131:(Langerin) staining. Electron microscopy examination of the sample is based on detection of
1284:
1174:
75:
508:"Langerhans cell histiocytosis: A neoplastic disorder driven by Ras-ERK pathway mutations"
8:
1309:
1213:
1090:
349:
71:
1095:
981:
914:
881:
805:
772:
711:
678:
654:
619:
595:
562:
543:
483:
450:
272:
236:
149:
1112:
1035:
985:
973:
965:
919:
901:
860:
810:
792:
743:
716:
698:
659:
641:
600:
582:
535:
527:
488:
470:
430:
422:
386:
252:
679:"Langerhans cell histiocytosis in adults: Advances in pathophysiology and treatment"
547:
1266:
1025:
1015:
955:
909:
893:
800:
784:
706:
690:
649:
631:
590:
574:
519:
478:
462:
132:
83:
411:"Solitary eosinophilic granuloma of the radius. An unusual differential diagnosis"
1106:
882:"Canine eosinophilic pulmonary granulomatosis: case report and literature review"
466:
268:
47:
35:
523:
409:
Chadha, Manish; Agarwal, Anil; Agarwal, Nidhi; Singh, Manoj Kumar (June 2007).
378:
276:
145:
79:
55:
1117:
1075:
1355:
1160:
1039:
969:
960:
943:
905:
897:
796:
788:
702:
645:
586:
531:
474:
426:
244:
240:
507:
410:
977:
923:
814:
720:
663:
604:
539:
492:
434:
390:
345:
333:
248:
59:
1020:
1003:
636:
160:
341:
295:
232:
228:
220:
87:
1030:
734:
Muse, Russell; Williamson, Nicola (2008-01-01), Morgan, Rhea V. (ed.),
337:
329:
299:
291:
287:
224:
216:
1058:
832:"Feline Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex In Cats | VCA Animal Hospitals"
694:
578:
283:. The disease also tends to appear mainly in dogs aged under 3 years.
135:, specific "tennis racquet" shaped inclusion within cytoplasm of LCs.
1004:"Canine Oral Eosinophilic Granuloma Treated with Electrochemotherapy"
303:
447:
128:
120:
1129:
1070:
773:"Novel presentation of eosinophilic granuloma complex in a cat"
91:
1001:
857:
Blackwell's Five-Minute
Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion
116:
82:
production. Another possible explanation may be a defect in
1079:
618:
Kumar, Neeta; Sayed, Shahin; Vinayak, Sudhir (2011-01-20).
451:"Recurrent BRAF mutations in Langerhans cell histiocytosis"
736:"CHAPTER 91 - Erosive and Ulcerative Diseases of the Skin"
941:
855:
Rhodes, Karen Helton; Werner, Alexander H. (2011-01-25).
408:
165:
58:. In humans, eosinophilic granulomas are considered as a
506:
Tran, Gary; Huynh, Thy N.; Paller, Amy S. (March 2018).
1048:
677:
Kobayashi, Masayuki; Tojo, Arinobu (December 2018).
880:Abbott, Dawn E. E.; Allen, Andrew L. (March 2020).
324:protection from ectoparasites. Medication includes
771:Hopke, Kaitlin P; Sargent, Sandra J (2019-12-16).
560:
148:, particularly with an intralesional injection of
107:risk of lung EG is being associated with smoking.
90:V600 E gene and about 21% displayed a mutation in
740:Handbook of Small Animal Practice (Fifth Edition)
617:
1353:
742:, Saint Louis: W.B. Saunders, pp. 885–900,
505:
385:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
74:), bacterial toxins or defective regulation of
886:Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation
733:
512:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
46:is characterized by abnormal proliferation of
1272:Hereditary progressive mucinous histiocytosis
1198:Congenital self-healing reticulohistiocytosis
1145:
676:
859:. Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 123.
854:
770:
766:
764:
879:
376:
1152:
1138:
1029:
1019:
959:
913:
804:
761:
710:
653:
635:
594:
482:
377:Jha, Suman K.; De Jesus, Orlando (2022),
159:
34:
336:) either alone, or in combination with
309:
196:
14:
1354:
1320:Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma
1133:
997:
995:
937:
935:
933:
826:
824:
97:
372:
370:
368:
366:
364:
179:eosinophilic granuloma complex (EGC)
1008:Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine
264:Canine eosinophilic granuloma (CEG)
24:
1281:Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis
1227:Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
992:
930:
821:
115:Diagnostic options of EG comprise
25:
1378:
1367:Eosinophilic cutaneous conditions
1325:Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma
1262:Progressive nodular histiocytosis
1252:Generalized eruptive histiocytoma
1209:non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis
1159:
361:
202:loss of appetite may be present.
1291:Indeterminate cell histiocytosis
624:Pathology Research International
155:
1188:Hand–Schüller–Christian disease
948:Journal of Veterinary Dentistry
873:
848:
727:
670:
611:
554:
499:
441:
402:
318:
281:Cavalier King Charles spaniels
205:
13:
1:
1247:Benign cephalic histiocytosis
1170:Langerhans cell histiocytosis
355:
188:feline immunodeficiency virus
164:Lesion on the upper lip of a
18:Feline eosinophilic granuloma
467:10.1182/blood-2010-04-279083
258:
172:
138:
110:
44:Human eosinophilic granuloma
7:
267:prone to the disease, such
10:
1383:
524:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.09.022
1333:
1299:
1206:
1167:
1052:
415:Acta Orthopaedica Belgica
213:trimethoprim/sulfadiazine
30:
1222:Juvenile xanthogranuloma
961:10.1177/0898756419834785
898:10.1177/1040638720907659
789:10.1177/2055116919891548
379:"Eosinophilic Granuloma"
52:antigen-presenting cells
1315:Langerhans cell sarcoma
1302:malignant histiocytosis
1232:Erdheim-Chester disease
783:(2): 2055116919891548.
1242:Sea-blue histiocytosis
1193:Eosinophilic granuloma
190:) may be responsible.
169:
40:
1341:Rosai–Dorfman disease
1277:Reticulohistiocytosis
1257:Xanthoma disseminatum
1183:Letterer–Siwe disease
184:Feline leukemia virus
163:
38:
1285:Reticulohistiocytoma
1237:Niemann–Pick disease
1175:X-type histiocytosis
72:Human Herpes virus 6
1310:Histiocytic sarcoma
1214:Non-X histiocytosis
1021:10.1155/2014/519197
637:10.4061/2011/439518
350:electrochemotherapy
273:Labrador retrievers
326:immunosuppressives
310:Signs and symptoms
237:methylprednisolone
197:Signs and symptoms
170:
98:Signs and symptoms
41:
1349:
1348:
1127:
1126:
866:978-0-8138-1596-1
777:JFMS Open Reports
749:978-1-4160-3949-5
695:10.1111/cas.13817
689:(12): 3707–3713.
579:10.1002/cam4.1844
518:(3): 579–590.e4.
461:(11): 1919–1923.
306:and many others.
253:Megestrol acetate
150:methylprednisolon
39:Lesion on a nose.
27:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
1374:
1267:Papular xanthoma
1154:
1147:
1140:
1131:
1130:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1043:
1033:
1023:
999:
990:
989:
963:
939:
928:
927:
917:
877:
871:
870:
852:
846:
845:
843:
842:
836:vcahospitals.com
828:
819:
818:
808:
768:
759:
758:
757:
756:
731:
725:
724:
714:
674:
668:
667:
657:
639:
615:
609:
608:
598:
558:
552:
551:
503:
497:
496:
486:
445:
439:
438:
406:
400:
399:
398:
397:
374:
340:or other drugs (
269:German shepherds
133:Birbeck granules
48:Langerhans cells
21:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1329:
1295:
1212:
1202:
1173:
1163:
1158:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1061:
1047:
1000:
993:
940:
931:
878:
874:
867:
853:
849:
840:
838:
830:
829:
822:
769:
762:
754:
752:
750:
732:
728:
675:
671:
616:
612:
567:Cancer Medicine
559:
555:
504:
500:
446:
442:
407:
403:
395:
393:
375:
362:
358:
321:
312:
261:
208:
199:
175:
158:
146:corticosteroids
141:
113:
100:
56:dendritic cells
50:(LCs). LCs are
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1380:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1306:
1304:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1216:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1179:
1177:
1165:
1164:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1134:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1109:
1098:
1083:
1062:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1053:Classification
1046:
1045:
991:
929:
892:(2): 329–335.
872:
865:
847:
820:
760:
748:
726:
683:Cancer Science
669:
610:
553:
498:
440:
421:(3): 413–417.
401:
359:
357:
354:
320:
317:
311:
308:
260:
257:
207:
204:
198:
195:
174:
171:
157:
154:
140:
137:
112:
109:
99:
96:
32:
29:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1379:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1161:Histiocytosis
1155:
1150:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
998:
996:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
962:
957:
953:
949:
945:
938:
936:
934:
925:
921:
916:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
876:
868:
862:
858:
851:
837:
833:
827:
825:
816:
812:
807:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
767:
765:
751:
745:
741:
737:
730:
722:
718:
713:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
673:
665:
661:
656:
651:
647:
643:
638:
633:
629:
625:
621:
614:
606:
602:
597:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
557:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
502:
494:
490:
485:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
444:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
405:
392:
388:
384:
380:
373:
371:
369:
367:
365:
360:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
316:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
265:
256:
254:
250:
246:
245:triamcinolone
242:
241:dexamethasone
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
203:
194:
191:
189:
185:
180:
167:
162:
156:Cats and Dogs
153:
151:
147:
136:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
108:
104:
95:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
64:
61:
57:
54:derived from
53:
49:
45:
37:
19:
1362:Cat diseases
1192:
1111:
1100:
1085:
1065:
1011:
1007:
954:(1): 25–31.
951:
947:
889:
885:
875:
856:
850:
839:. Retrieved
835:
780:
776:
753:, retrieved
739:
729:
686:
682:
672:
627:
623:
613:
573:(1): 58–66.
570:
566:
556:
515:
511:
501:
458:
454:
443:
418:
414:
404:
394:, retrieved
382:
346:chlorambucil
334:azathioprine
322:
313:
285:
263:
262:
249:fluocinolone
209:
200:
192:
178:
176:
142:
114:
105:
101:
65:
43:
42:
1031:11336/19287
1014:: e519197.
342:cytostatics
338:antibiotics
300:lymphocytes
296:plasmocytes
292:neutrophils
288:macrophages
233:clindamycin
229:clavulanate
221:amoxicillin
1356:Categories
1113:DiseasesDB
841:2022-01-31
755:2022-01-31
630:: 439518.
396:2022-01-31
383:StatPearls
356:References
330:prednisone
304:mast cells
225:trihydrate
217:cephalexin
1334:Ungrouped
1040:2090-7001
986:169032822
970:0898-7564
906:1040-6387
797:2055-1169
703:1349-7006
646:2042-003X
587:2045-7634
532:1097-6787
475:1528-0020
427:0001-6462
319:Treatment
259:Canine EG
206:Treatment
182:viruses (
173:Feline EG
139:Treatment
111:Diagnosis
1300:WHO-III/
1082:D76.030)
978:31138045
924:32180541
815:31897305
721:30281871
664:21331166
605:30597769
548:46767736
540:29107340
493:20519626
435:17715738
391:32644464
84:Ras/MAPK
1207:WHO-II/
1107:D004803
915:7081515
806:6918502
712:6272080
655:3034992
596:6346231
484:3173987
277:Huskies
177:Feline
1168:WHO-I/
1096:277.89
1038:
984:
976:
968:
922:
912:
904:
863:
813:
803:
795:
746:
719:
709:
701:
662:
652:
644:
603:
593:
585:
546:
538:
530:
491:
481:
473:
433:
425:
389:
247:, and
60:benign
31:Humans
1076:D76.0
982:S2CID
544:S2CID
455:Blood
129:CD207
117:X-ray
92:MAP2K
80:IL-10
1118:5906
1102:MeSH
1091:9-CM
1080:ILDS
1036:ISSN
1012:2014
974:PMID
966:ISSN
920:PMID
902:ISSN
861:ISBN
811:PMID
793:ISSN
744:ISBN
717:PMID
699:ISSN
660:PMID
642:ISSN
628:2011
601:PMID
583:ISSN
536:PMID
528:ISSN
489:PMID
471:ISSN
431:PMID
423:ISSN
387:PMID
279:and
123:and
88:BRAF
78:and
76:IL-1
1087:ICD
1067:ICD
1026:hdl
1016:doi
956:doi
910:PMC
894:doi
801:PMC
785:doi
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