62:
283:"the stoppings and trap-doors were blown down, the roof fallen and as great marks of destruction as in any other part of the mine". The area was near John Pit, the down-cast shaft where fresh air was entering the mine at its greatest velocity. Hodgson realised that this was significant and supposed that "the atmospheric current ... intercepted the progress of the first explosion, and prevented it from igniting the fire damp here".
30:
222:) descended John Pit. The sparks from the Spedding mill were extinguished by the blackdamp and Haswell began staggering within 7 yards (6.4 m) due to the effects of the gas. Straker helped him to the shaft where it was still difficult to breathe even in the current of air. Two further men descended but could not move more than a few yards from the base of the shaft and their clothes had the smell of
302:
384:
investigate. Chapman was subsequently rescued, but died the following day. After an hour Gibbon tried to escape but broke his lamp and in the darkness was blocked by a roof fall; he was eventually rescued. Some of the men neither heard nor felt any shock despite significant damage being done, as commented upon in newspaper reports.
255:. As well giving comfort to the bereaved, he was instrumental in persuading them to accept a common, speedy burial. The bodies had lain for seven weeks in the pit while the fires were extinguished and were badly decayed. Dr. Ramsay gave his opinion that if the bodies were returned to their homes for a normal
423:
Four viewers from other pits all corroborated Foster's conclusions. The engineman, George Hope, said that he put on around 3½ pecks of small coals and "left the damper open about an inch and three-quarters I always leave my fire this way". The coroner's jury returned a verdict of "Accidental Death".
309:
The tragedy inspired
Hodgson to raise public concern about the hazards of mining. Public interest was fed by a short (16-page) pamphlet written by him and published prior to the second disaster in late 1813. Hodgson wrote for an interested public, not for practical miners, and as such explains mining
104:
pit and had a fire burning at its base. The rising hot air drew air though the mine from the down-cast pit. Above each of the two pits were pulleys, those over John Pit were 6 feet (1.8 m) in diameter. The pulleys for the horse-whim were mounted on a crane and kept out of the way, being swung
155:
At 11:30 on Monday, 25 May 1812 the first explosion occurred. For half a mile around the earth shook and the noise was heard up to four miles away. Large clouds of dust and small coals were thrown up from both
William Pit and John Pit. As well as the small particles, the coal baskets and pieces of
282:
After the first explosion the trap doors used for ventilation and the internal wall in the vicinity of the underground crane were observed to be in a good state by the men who escaped. Indeed, even the lamp at the crane was still burning. When the mine was reopened the area was found to be damaged:
403:
The colliery overman, John
Greener, told the coroner that he had gone down the pit after the explosion and "found the separation stoppings blown down, and the stables on fire". He penetrated up to 600 yards (550 m) from the shaft before being overcome by foul air and forced to retreat and go
176:
they used
Spedding mills to light their way. It was noted that the sparks fell "like dark drops of blood" due to the foul air. Having attempted two directions and being forced back by difficulty breathing they retreated to the pit bottom. The party ascended, but while two were still below and two
168:
The pulleys for the horse-whim at John Pit were mounted in a crane kept swung away from the shaft. As a result they were undamaged and could be swung over the shaft. Men on the surface applied themselves in place of the horses and brought 33 survivors and 2 corpses out of the colliery. Three of
407:
On
Thursday evening, two days later a coroner's inquest was opened and adjourned until a full inspection could take place. The inquest reopened on the following Wednesday. Foster was the principal witness and he confirmed much that had earlier been reported; the pit was well ventilated and Davy
379:
On
Tuesday 22 June 1847, shortly after 21:00, another explosion occurred at the colliery. Six miners were killed, four outright and two by their injuries over the following two days. The surgeon employed by the mine owners tried, unsuccessfully, to treat the injured. Two of the dead were killed
286:
Hodgson then proceeded to assume that the "choak-damp" (perhaps afterdamp rather than blackdamp) pressing upwards from the seat of the explosion forced a pocket of firedamp to where the coal was burning and set off the second explosion. However two paragraphs down he observed that the dust in the
210:
On the following day, a crowd gathered around John Pit and accusations of cowardice were thrown around. Eventually the leaders of the crowd were won around. The owners offered "no expense should be spared" in executing a scheme of rescue but they refused to offer a reward since "they would be
383:
One of the survivors, Peter Gibbon, saw from his safety lamp that the air quality had changed. He commented to the man he was working with, George
Chapman, "Do ye mind what a current of air there was!". Chapman had not noticed anything, but being in charge of the pit at the time he went off to
235:
The pit was cautiously reopened on 4 July. The issuing gas was collected in bladders and tested. At first it exploded when released near a candle flame but by 8 July it was diluted enough not to do so. The pits were then opened fully on the 7th and allowed to vent. In the morning of the 8th,
45:, suffered four disasters in the 19th century, in 1812, 1813, 1821 and 1847. By far the worst of the four was the 1812 disaster which claimed 92 lives on 25 May 1812. The loss of life in the 1812 disaster was one of the motivators for the development of miners' safety lamps such as the
262:
Between 8 July and 19 September the business of recovering the dead and repairing the mine continued. Hodgson details the decayed and putrid state of some of the corpses. The recovery teams placed the bodies in coffins in the mine, there was a fear that the bodies might fall apart.
164:
carrying the pulleys at both pits were blown off, set on fire and the pulleys broken. At
William Pit the up-cast fed to a horizontal flue on the surface which led to a stack. Coal dust was distributed three inches thick within this flue which then burnt to a "light cinder".
432:
A memorial to 91 of the victims was placed in St Mary's
Churchyard where most of the coffins were placed in a common grave. The monument has a square base with a square pyramid above. On each of the four faces is a brass plaque, listing the names and ages of the victims:
239:
Work on recovering the victims and securing the mine then started. All work was performed using
Spedding mills for light. As the workers moved through the mine all the various stoppings and traps had to be repaired to force the air current to fully ventilate it.
88:
which came into production in May 1811, just a year before the disaster. The Low Main lies 94 fathoms (564 ft; 172 m) below the surface and is 3 feet (0.91 m) thick. Subsequently two other seams, the Bensham (or Maudlin) and the Hutton were won.
415:
before going off shift at 16:00. The damper should have remained slightly open to allow burnt gas from the fire to escape up the chimney. It was supposed that the damper had been closed fully and partial combustion had occurred, effectively generating
370:
None of the mine was found to be damaged by fire so after retrieval of the bodies and inspection of the mine it was reopened. On 30 December workmen found fire in part of the waste and as a result the mouths of the shafts were stopped up for a while.
349:
On 24 December 1813 at 01:30 the colliery again exploded, this time with the loss of 9 men and 13 boys along with 12 horses. All the dead were in the headways by William Pit (the upcast pit). Those in the boards away from William Pit were saved. The
391:
that Davy lamps were employed throughout the colliery and that all the men were given written instructions in their use. The old areas of the colliery released a lot of foul air, but there was "not a better ventilated colliery on the
266:
Identification was a problem. Mothers and widows failed to identify most of the bodies "they were too much mangled and scorched to retain any of their features". Most were identified by clothes, tobacco-boxes, shoes and other items.
321:
who at that time was the enginewright for the collieries at Killingworth. The society aimed for greater publicity for accidents and their causes, the scientific study of ventilation, and the development of safety lamps.
226:
upon them. Smoke was seen ascending from John Pit, a sure sign of the fire below and so the base of John Pit was sealed with clay and planks laid over the mouth. Two days later William Pit was further sealed with clay.
360:] took fire at the crane lamp, in the south headways". Thomson also reports this but warns against too early an assumption, mentioning other possibilities such as the failure of a stopping or furnace mismanagement.
270:
Finally on 20 September, 117 days after the explosion, the pit was inspected by candle light. The furnace below William Pit was relighted and the whole mine brought back into production. One body has never been found.
367:. The blowers could make "the coals on the floor dance round their orifices, like gravel in a strong spring". The discharges were dealt with by the strong current of air, strong enough to extinguish candles.
1136:
The men were Mr. Straker (viewer), Mr. Anderson, William Haswell (overman), Edward Rogers, John Wilson, Joseph Pearson, Henry Anderson, Michael Menham and Joseph Greener (keeper of the adjacent toll-bar).
96:
shaft where fresh air was drawn into the pit. A steam engine was provided for winding gear, and in 1812 there was a standby horse-whim for when the steam engine was out of use. William Pit was the
198:
made any rescue attempt impossible. The suggestion was made that the pit be stopped up to extinguish the fire. However, local recollections of three men who had survived for 40 days in a pit near
411:
The seat of the explosion was found by Foster to be an underground engine used to haul coals to the pit base. The cause was due to the engineman had added fresh coal to the fire and closed the
279:
The cause of the first explosion is not known for certain. The most probable cause was firedamp, there being no evidence of large amounts of coal dust in the air, the other significant risk.
147:
and the resulting shower of sparks gave some light. Although mills were safer than candles, the Wallsend colliery explosion of 1785 had shown that they could cause explosions.
80:. Mining of the upper seams had continued throughout the 18th century. Following borings starting in 1758, the main pit was opened in 1779. The first seam to be worked was the
287:
barrow-ways was burnt to a cinder. That coal dust raised by an initial explosion could be the cause of a further explosion was only starting to be understood in this period.
380:
immediately by a fall of rock from the roof, the other two by afterdamp. As well as the human cost, eighteen horses were killed either by the explosion or by the afterdamp.
310:
terms and procedures. His description and analysis of the two explosions was historically significant as one of the first to attempt a scientific analysis of such events.
341:, which then burned harmlessly inside the lamp. The height of the luminous cone above the flame gave a measure of the methane concentration in the atmosphere.
124:
either of brick or timber. Openings in some of the stoppings allowed the movement of men and materials. When not being used the openings were closed by
1188:
1849:
337:, in which the flame was surrounded by iron gauze. The gauze had to have small spaces so that a flame could not pass through, but could admit
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1963:
1958:
1953:
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On 1 October 1812 the Sunderland Society was set up consisting of clergymen, doctors, owners and mine managers. One of the doctors was
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1588:
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The southern boards were crossed by several fissures (dykes) from which periodic discharges of gas came through apertures called
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92:
To ensure adequate ventilation two shafts were dug, John Pit and William Pit. John Pit was the main access shaft and was the
396:". Foster reported that 60,000 cubic feet (1,700 m) of air per minute was drawn down the shaft, a fact confirmed at the
17:
420:("acting as a retort"). The gas eventually escaped and the resultant explosion caused major damage to the boiler and flue.
156:
wood were blown out of the pits and landed nearby. The dust fell like a shower for up to a mile and a half downwind. The
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The jury recommended that a pin was placed in the damper to stop it from closing to less than 4 inches (100 mm).
1903:
184:
The rescue team all agreed that there was no possibility of the men left below ground being alive. Two explosions,
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were in the shaft a second explosion occurred. Haswell and H. Anderson were the two left below and they hung onto a
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1611:, online version available due to The Coal Mining History Resource Centre, Picks Publishing and Ian Winstanley.
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which ceased production in 1811. Shortly before the High Main was exhausted, the pit was deepened to reach the
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120:, broken up by walls. To ensure the air circulated throughout the mine some boards were blocked off with
236:
Straker, Anderson, Haswell and six others descended William shaft and found the air cool and wholesome.
33:
John Pit, Felling. The main access route to the colliery. Photograph undated, possibly late 19th century
105:
over the pit mouth when required. This arrangement proved fortuitous in the aftermath of the disaster.
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172:
45 minutes after the initial explosion, at 12:15, a rescue team descended the shaft. Because of the
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1918:
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accessary to no man's death by persuasion or a bribe". William Pit was closed over with planks.
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69:
1888:
1154:
It was not commonly realised at the time that firedamp was essentially methane rather than
65:
The drawing is a copy of a published plan of the colliery at the time of the 1812 explosion
8:
1145:
Smoking and smoking materials were allowed in many pits (including Felling) at this date.
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329:, with air fed through narrow tubes, down which a flame could not move. It also led Sir
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who had already produced a first, impractical, safety lamp. Also present was
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the survivors subsequently died. 87 men and boys were left below ground.
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and burial "putrid fever" might spread throughout the neighbourhood.
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In Memory of the 91 Persons Killed in Felling Colliery 25 May 1812
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5 or more killed, the definition used by the Durham Mining Museum
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was used. A steel cylinder was revolved at high speed against a
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Pictures of the memorial on the Durham Mining Museum website:
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Great Pit Disasters: Great Britain 1700 to the present day
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1780:, online quotation provided by the Durham Mining Museum.
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reported the supposition that "the hydrogen [
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were first driven. Between the headings were driven
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Hodgson notes: "when it lies idle on pay Saturdays"
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1590:Felling Colliery 1812: An Account of the Accident
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1880:
325:Stephenson designed a safety lamp, known as the
214:On Wednesday, Straker and William Haswell (the
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305:A Davy lamp, an early example of a safety lamp
181:whilst the blast lifted them and turned them.
1175:just under 1 imperial bushel (0.036 m).
202:led to shouts of "murder" and obstruction.
135:, the only practical source of light was a
1541:, Durham Mining Museum, 27 December 2012b
1524:, Durham Mining Museum, 26 December 2012a
1200:Elsewhere his age is recorded as "a boy".
387:The viewer, Thomas Foster, stated to the
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1716:"The Late Explosion At Felling Colliery"
1575:, Durham Mining Museum, 15 December 2014
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139:. Where explosive gas was suspected, a
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1682:"Dreadful Colliery Accident At Felling"
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1510:Duckham, Helen; Duckham, Baron (1973),
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1558:, Durham Mining Museum, 31 March 2013a
131:In an era before the invention of the
108:From the base of the pits a number of
1969:1847 disasters in the United Kingdom
1964:1821 disasters in the United Kingdom
1959:1813 disasters in the United Kingdom
1954:1812 disasters in the United Kingdom
1572:Felling colliery disaster – Memorial
1166:"Do ye mind" means 'did you notice'.
188:(locally called choak-damp [
404:home due to the effect of the gas.
333:to devise another safety lamp, the
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1596:, Picks Publishing, archived from
116:. An excavated area was called a
41:(also known as Brandling Main) in
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1894:Coal mining disasters in England
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1929:19th century in County Durham
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1810:General view of the monument
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194:]), fire and the lethal
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1790:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1770:Directory of County Durham
1740:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1706:: CS1 maint: postscript (
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1672:: CS1 maint: postscript (
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1409:Durham Mining Museum 2012b
1270:Durham Mining Museum 2012a
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1722:, p. 3, 3 July 1847b
1494:Durham Mining Museum 2014
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1904:History of County Durham
1482:Newcastle Guardian 1847b
1461:Newcastle Guardian 1847a
1587:Hodgson, John (1999) ,
1899:Felling, Tyne and Wear
1633:Felling Explosion 1812
1630:Lumsdon, John (2013),
1428:Newcastle Courant 1813
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243:The parish priest for
231:Reopening and recovery
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1949:1847 mining disasters
1944:1821 mining disasters
1939:1813 mining disasters
1934:1812 mining disasters
1514:, David & Charles
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253:Reverend John Hodgson
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18:Felling mine disaster
1865:54.95528°N 1.57056°W
1752:Annals of Philosophy
57:Colliery description
1861: /
408:lamps were in use.
315:William Reid Clanny
1870:54.95528; -1.57056
1720:Newcastle Guardian
1686:Newcastle Guardian
1654:, 31 December 1813
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72:is an area in the
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1652:Newcastle Courant
1521:Wallsend colliery
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911:Benjamin Thompson
786:Thomas Richardson
758:Edward Richardson
556:George Bainbridge
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514:Thomas Bainbridge
352:Newcastle Courant
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811:
809:
805:
804:
801:
798:
795:
791:
790:
787:
784:
781:
780:John A. Dobson
777:
776:
773:
770:
767:
763:
762:
759:
756:
753:
749:
748:
745:
742:
739:
735:
734:
731:
728:
725:
721:
720:
717:
714:
711:
707:
706:
703:
700:
697:
693:
692:
689:
688:Edward Pearson
686:
683:
679:
678:
675:
674:George Pearson
672:
669:
665:
664:
661:
658:
655:
651:
650:
647:
644:
641:
637:
636:
633:
630:
627:
623:
622:
619:
616:
613:
609:
608:
605:
602:
599:
595:
594:
591:
588:
585:
581:
580:
577:
574:
571:
567:
566:
563:
560:
557:
553:
552:
549:
546:
543:
539:
538:
535:
532:
529:
525:
524:
521:
518:
515:
511:
510:
507:
506:Rob Hutchinson
504:
501:
497:
496:
493:
490:
487:
483:
482:
479:
476:
473:
469:
468:
465:
462:
459:
455:
454:
451:
448:
445:
441:
440:
429:
426:
376:
373:
346:
343:
295:Main article:
292:
289:
276:
273:
232:
229:
207:
204:
152:
149:
74:English county
58:
55:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1981:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1877:
1874:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1793:
1787:
1772:
1771:
1765:
1754:
1753:
1747:
1743:
1737:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1669:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1635:
1634:
1628:
1624:
1618:
1599:
1592:
1591:
1585:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1495:
1490:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1462:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1441:
1436:
1429:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1410:
1405:
1399:, p. 14.
1398:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1378:, p. 11.
1377:
1372:
1370:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1348:, p. 10.
1347:
1342:
1340:
1332:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1294:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1271:
1266:
1259:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1197:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1172:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1142:
1133:
1124:
1115:
1111:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1031:John Harrison
1030:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
1001:
997:
994:
991:
988:
987:
983:
980:
977:
974:
973:
969:
966:
963:
960:
959:
955:
952:
949:
947:Isaac Greener
946:
945:
941:
939:John Turnbull
938:
935:
933:Isaac Greener
932:
931:
927:
924:
921:
919:Thomas Gordon
918:
917:
913:
910:
907:
905:Joseph Gordon
904:
903:
899:
897:John Thompson
896:
893:
891:Robert Gordon
890:
889:
885:
882:
879:
877:Will Gardiner
876:
875:
871:
868:
865:
863:Mich Gardiner
862:
861:
857:
854:
851:
848:
847:
843:
841:George Robson
840:
837:
834:
833:
829:
827:Thomas Robson
826:
823:
821:Paul Fletcher
820:
819:
815:
813:George Ridley
812:
810:
807:
806:
802:
800:Thomas Ridley
799:
796:
794:Robert Dobson
793:
792:
788:
785:
782:
779:
778:
774:
771:
768:
766:William Dixon
765:
764:
760:
757:
754:
752:William Dixon
751:
750:
746:
743:
740:
737:
736:
732:
729:
726:
723:
722:
718:
715:
712:
710:Thomas Craggs
709:
708:
704:
701:
698:
696:Thomas Craggs
695:
694:
690:
687:
684:
681:
680:
676:
673:
670:
667:
666:
662:
659:
656:
653:
652:
648:
645:
642:
639:
638:
634:
631:
628:
626:Will Boutland
625:
624:
620:
617:
614:
612:John Boutland
611:
610:
606:
603:
600:
597:
596:
592:
590:George Lawton
589:
586:
583:
582:
578:
575:
572:
569:
568:
564:
561:
558:
555:
554:
550:
547:
544:
541:
540:
536:
533:
530:
527:
526:
522:
519:
516:
513:
512:
508:
505:
502:
500:Jos. Anderson
499:
498:
494:
491:
488:
485:
484:
480:
477:
474:
471:
470:
466:
463:
460:
458:Phillip Allan
457:
456:
452:
449:
446:
443:
442:
437:
434:
428:1812 memorial
425:
421:
419:
414:
409:
405:
401:
399:
395:
390:
385:
381:
375:1847 disaster
372:
368:
366:
361:
359:
358:
353:
345:1813 disaster
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
323:
320:
316:
311:
303:
298:
288:
284:
280:
272:
268:
264:
260:
258:
254:
250:
246:
241:
237:
228:
225:
221:
217:
212:
203:
201:
197:
193:
192:
187:
182:
180:
175:
170:
166:
163:
159:
151:1812 disaster
148:
146:
142:
141:Spedding mill
138:
134:
129:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
106:
103:
99:
95:
90:
87:
83:
79:
78:Tyne and Wear
75:
71:
63:
54:
52:
48:
44:
40:
31:
27:
19:
1846:
1804:
1774:, retrieved
1769:
1757:, retrieved
1751:
1724:, retrieved
1719:
1690:, retrieved
1685:
1656:, retrieved
1651:
1637:, retrieved
1632:
1605:, retrieved
1598:the original
1589:
1577:, retrieved
1571:
1560:, retrieved
1554:
1543:, retrieved
1537:
1526:, retrieved
1520:
1511:
1503:Bibliography
1489:
1440:Thomson 1814
1435:
1404:
1397:Hodgson 1999
1376:Hodgson 1999
1361:Lumsdon 2013
1346:Hodgson 1999
1333:, p. 9.
1331:Hodgson 1999
1314:, p. 8.
1312:Hodgson 1999
1295:, p. 6.
1293:Hodgson 1999
1265:
1260:, p. 7.
1258:Hodgson 1999
1241:, p. 1.
1239:Hodgson 1999
1220:Whellan 1894
1215:
1196:
1180:
1171:
1162:
1150:
1141:
1132:
1123:
1114:
1079:Thomas Young
1065:Joseph Young
1059:John Haswell
1017:Rob Harrison
961:John Greener
883:John Surtees
738:George Cully
730:Jos. Pringle
716:Matt Pringle
682:James Craigs
660:John Pearson
654:John Burnitt
646:John Pearson
570:Thomas Bears
534:John Jacques
520:Will Jacques
486:Andrew Allan
431:
422:
410:
406:
402:
400:'s inquest.
388:
386:
382:
378:
369:
364:
362:
355:
351:
348:
331:Humphry Davy
327:Geordie lamp
324:
312:
308:
285:
281:
278:
269:
265:
261:
242:
238:
234:
213:
209:
189:
183:
171:
167:
162:shaft-frames
161:
157:
154:
130:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
107:
101:
97:
93:
91:
85:
81:
68:
47:Geordie lamp
38:
36:
26:
1889:Mine safety
1868: /
1759:14 December
1579:30 December
1087:Ben Haswell
1045:Rob Haswell
1037:Joseph Wood
1023:Char Wilson
1009:Jos. Wilson
995:John Wilson
989:Robert Hall
981:John Wilson
849:Greg Galley
835:Will Galley
744:George Reay
724:Chris Cully
702:Rob Pearson
668:James Comby
618:Chris Mason
598:Edward Bell
584:George Bell
492:Mich Hunter
478:John Hunter
472:Jacob Allan
464:Will Hunter
297:Safety lamp
133:safety lamp
1883:Categories
1853:54°57′19″N
1189:NZ 286,619
1101:References
975:Ralph Hall
953:Nick Urwin
640:Matt Brown
604:Rob C Leck
562:George Kay
1856:1°34′14″W
1208:Citations
1106:Footnotes
1051:John Wood
576:John Knox
548:James Kay
335:Davy lamp
291:Aftermath
224:stinkdamp
196:afterdamp
186:blackdamp
158:pit-heads
122:stoppings
114:stentings
94:down-cast
82:High Main
51:Davy lamp
1836:See also
1786:citation
1736:citation
1702:citation
1668:citation
1617:citation
1156:hydrogen
418:town gas
275:Analysis
251:was the
218:and the
179:pit prop
174:firedamp
110:headings
86:Low Main
49:and the
1776:15 July
1726:15 July
1692:15 July
1658:15 July
1639:16 July
1607:15 July
1562:21 July
1545:22 July
1528:21 July
398:coroner
365:blowers
339:methane
249:Heworth
220:overman
206:Closure
102:furnace
98:up-cast
70:Felling
43:Britain
1648:"News"
808:Dobson
413:damper
245:Jarrow
216:viewer
137:candle
1601:(PDF)
1594:(PDF)
200:Byker
145:flint
126:traps
118:board
1792:link
1778:2013
1761:2014
1742:link
1728:2013
1708:link
1694:2013
1674:link
1660:2013
1641:2013
1623:link
1609:2013
1581:2016
1564:2013
1547:2013
1530:2013
453:Age
450:Name
444:Name
394:Tyne
257:wake
247:and
37:The
1082:34
1068:30
1054:27
1040:39
1026:20
1012:23
998:30
984:52
970:35
956:58
942:27
928:43
914:17
900:36
886:12
872:33
858:43
844:15
830:18
816:11
803:13
789:17
775:19
761:39
733:16
719:18
705:10
691:14
677:26
663:38
649:64
635:18
621:34
607:16
593:14
579:11
565:16
551:18
537:14
523:23
509:11
495:18
481:21
467:35
447:Age
357:sic
191:sic
160:or
100:or
76:of
1885::
1788:}}
1784:{{
1738:}}
1734:{{
1718:,
1704:}}
1700:{{
1684:,
1670:}}
1666:{{
1650:,
1619:}}
1615:{{
1468:^
1447:^
1416:^
1383:^
1368:^
1353:^
1338:^
1319:^
1300:^
1277:^
1246:^
1227:^
1090:18
1076:20
1062:22
1048:42
1034:12
1020:14
1006:39
992:15
978:18
964:21
950:24
936:65
908:10
894:40
880:10
866:45
852:10
838:22
824:22
797:13
783:13
769:10
755:35
747:9
741:14
727:20
699:36
685:13
671:28
657:21
643:28
629:19
615:46
601:12
587:14
573:48
559:10
545:17
531:19
517:53
503:23
489:11
475:14
461:17
128:.
53:.
1794:)
1744:)
1710:)
1676:)
1625:)
1496:.
1484:.
1463:.
1430:.
1411:.
1363:.
1272:.
1222:.
922:8
713:9
20:)
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