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other femmes, and still others are also attracted to men and consider themselves bisexual." Some research has indicated that butches are more likely to be exclusively lesbian, while femmes are sometimes bisexual. In 2005, preliminary research conducted by Levitt and
Bridges indicated that lesbians are more likely to identify as butch and have a more masculine gender expression than bisexual women. 4.5 percent of the bisexual women they studied identified as butch compared to the 30.1 percent of lesbians who did. Lesbians were more sexually attracted to women whose gender expressions contrasted theirs, and bisexual women were more sexually attracted to those whose gender expressions were more similar to theirs. Levitt and Bridges theorized that "this finding may be in part due to the different aesthetics that are available and popular within lesbian and bisexual communities."
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that through their subversive appropriation of heteronormative gender roles, these identities were considered "complex erotic and social statements" rooted in "gendered erotic identities". Nestle states that they publicly declared same-sex love between women at a time when there was no liberation movement to support or protect them, and adds that "in the 1950s particularly, butch-femme couples were the front-line warriors against sexual bigotry. Because they were so visible, they suffered the brunt of street violence. The irony of social change has made a radical, sexual, political statement of the 1950s appear today a reactionary, non feminist experience."
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century, "femme" was used to describe rough, badass women. Today, however, especially on social media, the word "femme" is used to describe the "soft, sad girl" trope that is commonly seen online and in trending fashions. While
Schwartz offers a critique of this aesthetic and the erasure of pre-internet femme identities, she also considers how "performing softness" as an identifier for femininity, both on and offline, can be effective in transgressing hegemonic gender norms.
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and other queer activists that since the term bisexual is relatively newer than lesbian, and the term bisexual as a sexual orientation only began to take shape in the mid-19th century, bisexual women historically once formed part of the lesbian community and thus used the term femme as a sub-group of
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In her paper, Femme Theory: Refocusing the
Intersectional Lens, femme theorist Rhea Hoskin offers an intersectional framework of femme theory and addresses the capabilities of subversive femininities. She uses an intersectional lens to address discourse surrounding femme-phobia and the ways in which
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queer conception of femme is a femme-identified person who does not always dress or act in a "traditionally feminine" (meaning a feminine aesthetic, such as wearing makeup, heels, and numerous accessories) way, but who expresses femme identity through feminine-associated behaviours, interactions and
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With expansion of the femme identity, sexual attraction differences between butches and femmes began to be analyzed. Scholars Cheris
Kramarae and Dale Spender wrote, "Femme diversity is also manifested in the sexual arena. As many femmes may be attracted exclusively to butches, some are attracted to
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and acknowledges that individuals can fall anywhere within the gender spectrum, resulting in the possibility to be gender-less, gender-fluid, femme or masculine of center. Often using the phrase "women and femmes", adherents to this definition of femme believe that misogyny is used not only against
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Theorists have used aesthetics to analyze and addresses the evolution of the word "femme" throughout the 21st century. Femme theorist Andi
Schwartz uses comparisons of modern and historical associations of the femme identity to outline "soft femme theory." She asserts that in the mid-to-late 20th
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began infiltrating bisexual communities, and women began writing about their experiences as bisexual femmes...Although essayists have begun to explore this identity, very little empirical research has been conducted looking at the expression and experience of gender expression and gender identity
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for pairing with a butch partner. In Nestle's text on femme identity, "The Femme
Question", she challenges this commonly held belief by stating that butch-femme relationships are "filled with a deeply lesbian language of stance, dress, gesture, love, courage and autonomy." Arlene Istar Lev argues
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While today there is a common consensus that the term lesbian refers to women who exclusively feel attraction towards women and femmes, the term has carried various changing implications and expansive interpretations throughout history, particularly with the rise of political lesbianism in 1979.
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in 2011, Bornstein said, "The butch/femme dynamic is a conscious, loving binary of desire and trust ... it's a dance of love and outlawed romance. Butches and femmes share a sense of tribe, extended family and kinship—no matter what our genders might be." Since the late 2010s, influenced by the
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However this bi-specific lingo never caught on as much as the more widely-known “butch” and “femme”, even amongst the bisexual community itself, and one would be hard-pressed to find a bisexual who identifies as such offline. These neologisms quickly fell out of favor with some in the bisexual
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Partly in response to the controversy which emerged regarding which communities are entitled to use femme as a personal identity, as well as in recent efforts to carve out unique bisexual identifiers, bi terms were proposed as equivalents to butch and femme among other gender expressions and
1558:"began infiltrating bisexual communities, and women began writing about their experiences as bisexual femmes", but also that "very little empirical research has been conducted looking at the expression and experience of gender expression and gender identity within bisexual women."
1400:"began infiltrating bisexual communities, and women began writing about their experiences as bisexual femmes", but also that "very little empirical research has been conducted looking at the expression and experience of gender expression and gender identity within bisexual women."
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women to inflict theoretical and physical violence but primarily against all feminine people. Connecting cisgendered male violence to toxic masculinity, they believe that patriarchy not only negatively affects female-identified people but men as well.
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by bisexuals in the 1990s is considered by some to be a re-adoption by a portion of the same community following the distinction between lesbians and bisexual women and the lesbian separatist movement of the 1970s.
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are derived from the 1940s-1950s
American lesbian communities following World War II "when women joined the work force and began wearing pants, creating the possibility for the development of a butch aesthetic and
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as describing a person (not necessarily a woman) who presents femininely, the expression "women and femmes" is sometimes used, but it has been criticized as conflating two different categories of identity.
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From the 70s through 90s, gay male culture included the phrase "No Fats, No Femmes", and that persists in queer dating culture today. Constrained by character limitations on gay hookup apps such as
1603:, "fem", "femm", and "femme" are used as an abbreviation for feminine. The ubiquitous phrase "No Fats, No Fems", indicating that a user does not want to be contacted by men of a certain size or
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describes the femme lesbian identity as being underrepresented in historical records, with femme women having been often attacked for passing as straight while also being accused of imitating
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that is inclusive of all who wish to identify with it, feminine-presenting or not. As femme has moved into the mainstream, it has also been connected to notions of
1607:, has been challenged by some in the gay community for perpetuating homonormative beauty ideals. "Fem" is used as a descriptor of one's appearance or mannerisms.
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dynamic and therefore femme identity. During the emergence of lesbian feminism, femme lesbians were accused by prominent lesbian feminist figures of aping
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Hoskin, Rhea Ashley (December 2019). "Femmephobia: The Role of Anti-Femininity and Gender
Policing in LGBTQ+ People's Experiences of Discrimination".
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1234:. While commonly viewed as a lesbian term, alternate meanings of the word also exist with some non-lesbian individuals using the word, notably some
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identities. This is further impacted by the fact that bisexual communities and the related bisexual movement did not formalize until the 1970s.
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this issue is not taken seriously as a form of oppression within the queer community and especially in academic feminist queer spaces.
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2710:"L v. B and Feminist Identity: Examining Lesbians' Bi-Negativity and Bisexuals' Lesbian Negativity Using Norm-Centered Stigma Theory"
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appropriation that undervalues lesbian identities, history and women's autonomy to self-identify outside patriarchal structures.
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became a catch-all term to describe a feminine lesbian. Citing research from the 1990s, Levitt and
Bridges stated that the terms
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concepts of femme have been challenged by lesbians who still use the term based on its original meaning. With concern about the
1620:. The term coined for a feminine bisexual woman is “doe”, while “stag” signifies masculinity and “tomcat” represents androgyny.
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lesbians. This argument posits that the claim that only women with no attraction to men have identified as femmes is ahistoric.
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within bisexual women." According to some academic studies about the butch/femme subculture, "Femmes were sometimes bisexual."
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Many prominent femme-identified voices in mainstream media tend to be transfeminine and or non-binary individuals. The term
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political views. Rather than an erotic identity rooted in lesbian women's culture, queer femme has been reframed into a
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that "butch and femme role playing was the very opposite of what we felt being gay was all about – the love of women".
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2821:"Phantoms of the Opera : THE QUEEN'S THROAT: Opera, Homosexuality and the Mystery of Desire By Wayne Koestenbaum"
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within gay women's communities." They state that "the butch-femme culture made lesbians visible for the first time."
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2936:"Bisexual Slang Exists, But Doesn't Get Nearly As Much Exposure Or Credit As Other Slang In The LGBTQ Community"
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Many bisexual women also active in the lesbian community felt pressured to identify as "lesbian", resulting in
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culture and history, it has been argued that taking a term from an already marginalised society is a form of
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1261:(i.e. masculine) lesbian counterparts and partners. Derived from American lesbian communities following
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beauty standards for wearing traditional feminine clothing. Black lesbian feminist poet and activist
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chronicled their experience as a gender non-conforming person who is a femme lesbian in their book
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1964:
1957:"5. Lesbians and Bisexual Women: Concerns of Lesbian and Bisexual Women: Butch/Femme Stereotypes"
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227:
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2612:"Why Butch/Femme Belong To Bisexuals As Well (And Bi+ History Resources!) • Shop Bi Girls Club"
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has been expanded to describe feminine people across gender and sexuality categories including
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2806:"Pin the Macho on the Man": Mediations of Gay Male Masculinity in The Body Politic, 1971-1987
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2297:"In Defense of 'Lemonade,' Janet Mock Took a Stand for "Black Femme Feminists" Everywhere"
152:
8:
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has been used among lesbians to distinguish traditionally feminine lesbians from their
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2663:"Bisexual Women and the "Threat" to Lesbian Space: Or What If All the Lesbians Leave?"
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2268:"In 6 tweets, Janet Mock takes down a controversial critique of Beyonce's 'Lemonade'"
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presentations. This largely arose in 2016 on the social media and blogging website
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Routledge
International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge
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2851:"This 'No Fats, No Fems' Shirt Is Everything That's Wrong With the Gay Community"
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women. Citing research from the 1990s, Levitt and Bridges stated that the terms
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has also been used to describe a form of contemporary feminism which rejects the
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2359:"11 Common Assumptions About Being a Queer Femme – Debunked - Everyday Feminism"
1921:"16. Gender Expression in Bisexual Women: Therapeutic Issues and Considerations"
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2757:"Soft Femme Theory: Femme Internet Aesthetics and the Politics of "Softness""
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Lev, Arlene Istar (2008). "More than Surface Tension: Femmes in Families".
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2872:"This Disgusting Shirt Is Going Super Viral — And It Reveals a Sad Truth"
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1222:, literally meaning "woman") is a term traditionally used to describe a
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2063:. United States of America: Rutgers University Press. pp. 141–148.
1481:
1420:
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1020:
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599:
272:
2537:"Ballroom Culture's Rich Alternative to the Trans/Cis Model of Gender"
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Scholars Heidi M. Levitt and Sara K. Bridges state that the terms
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182:
2490:"Daily Crush: Alok Vaid-Menon's 'Femme in Public' Poetry Book"
1961:
Women's Issues for a New Generation: A Social Work Perspective
3933:
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1710:
According to Heidi M. Levitt and Sara K. Bridges: "The terms
1641:
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emergence of queer and transgender culture on sites such as
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3983:
3963:
3853:
3813:
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2912:"THE MEANINGS OF STAG, TOMCAT AND DOE, A BISEXUAL IDENTITY"
2317:"Bittersweet Like Me: Lemonade and Fat Black Femme Erasure"
1562:
1202:
2441:"Why the Popular Phrase "Women and Femmes" Makes No Sense"
1925:
Becoming Visible: Counseling Bisexuals Across the Lifespan
2512:
Dirty River: A Queer Femme of Color Dreaming Her Way Home
2114:"PAST Out: What is the history of the bisexual movement?"
3095:
Kennedy, Elizabeth Lapovsky; Davis, Madeline D. (1993).
1375:
1990s and early 21st-century expansion of femme identity
2206:. United States of America: Routledge. pp. 39–40.
1250:
individuals also identify as lesbians using this term.
1253:
Heavily associated with lesbian history and culture,
1199:
3154:"Butch/Femme Relationships: A Lesbian Way of Loving"
2388:"Femme is Radical, and Femme-Shaming Isn't Feminist"
1663:
1276:
culture of the 1940s–1950s. By the 1990s, the term
16:
Identity for lesbians, with feminine characteristics
2509:
1205:
2023:
1611:Online discourse on bisexual alternatives to femme
1624:community in online discourse, particularly with
1537:
4374:
4323:List of films that most frequently use the word
2987:"Femme is more than make up, it is about desire"
2893:"Why Are Gay Men No Longer Proud of Each Other?"
2510:Piepzna-Samarasinha, Leah Lakshmi (2015-11-03).
2415:"What We Mean When We Say "Femme": A Roundtable"
2204:Gender Outlaw: On Men, Women and the Rest of Us
2170:
1814:
3139:"Lesbians in the Twentieth Century, 1900-1999"
2323:. Archived from the original on April 27, 2016
2227:Coyote, Ivan E; Zena Sharman (April 5, 2011).
1269:, the identity became a characteristic of the
3724:
3183:
2961:"How To Make Space For A Fierce Femme Future"
2017:
2015:
1590:
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3094:
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2251:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2156:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2096:
1738:
1736:
1415:people who do not identify as lesbian or to
1287:
2587:"A short history of the word 'bisexuality'"
2229:Persistence : All Ways Butch and Femme
2099:Historical Sources of the Bisexual Movement
2059:Lorde, Audre (1983). Smith, Barbara (ed.).
2026:The Persistent Desire: A femme-butch Reader
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1808:
1802:Historical Dictionary of Lesbian Literature
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3717:
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3176:
2111:
2012:
1815:Herbitter, Cara; Levitt, Heidi M. (2016).
1581:
1384:During the 1990s and the emergence of the
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1162:
911:Azalea: A Magazine by Third World Lesbians
375:Connexxus Women's Center/Centro de Mujeres
2772:
2466:"14 Femmes of Color Whose Style We Adore"
2265:
2201:
1987:
1950:
1948:
1918:
1733:
941:Amazones d'Hier, Lesbiennes d'Aujourd'hui
2754:
2171:Kramarae, Cheris; Spender, Dale (2004).
2164:
2101:. New York University Press. p. 55.
1981:
1897:
1795:
1793:
1635:
1113:Paris Lesbian and Feminist Film Festival
3151:
2707:
1954:
1804:. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 65.
570:Lesbians in the Spanish Second Republic
4375:
3136:
3055:
3007:
2803:
2708:Worthen, Meredith G. F. (2022-07-03).
2226:
2061:Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology
2021:
1945:
1821:The SAGE Encyclopedia of LGBTQ Studies
1799:
1763:
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2667:Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies
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2353:
2351:
2092:
2090:
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1790:
1437:Persistence: All Ways Butch and Femme
1217:
3100:: The History of a Lesbian Community
2985:Taylor Stone, Chardine (June 2016).
2890:
2818:
2560:
2534:
2438:
2135:Ochs, Robyn; Liz Highleyman (2000).
2134:
1846:
1844:
4418:Gender roles in the LGBTQ community
3152:Webster, Madeline (June 27, 2019).
2561:Name, Call Us Bi Our (2022-03-27).
1850:
1561:It has however also been argued by
13:
3098:Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold
3048:
3008:Hoskin, Rhea Ashley (2021-06-30).
2909:
2404:
2376:
2348:
2220:
2087:
737:Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold
727:The Straight Mind and Other Essays
425:Leeds Revolutionary Feminist Group
14:
4429:
1841:
1546:had additionally been adopted by
1280:had additionally been adopted by
747:Your Silence Will Not Protect You
355:Atlanta Lesbian Feminist Alliance
3738:
3691:
3690:
2819:Chua, Lawrence (28 March 1993).
2804:Hrynyk, Nicholas Andrew (2018).
2563:"A Bi History of the Term Femme"
2112:Highleyman, Liz (11 July 2003).
1919:Firestein, Beth A., ed. (2007).
1666:
1327:1970s and 80s, and rejection of
1195:
1145:
385:Daughters of Bilitis (Australia)
47:
3001:
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2953:
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2891:Cash, Patrick (June 25, 2016).
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2831:from the original on 2 Feb 2021
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2629:
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2439:Boom, Kesiena (16 March 2018).
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2052:
1819:. In Goldberg, Abbie E. (ed.).
1411:has also been used to refer to
1093:Michigan Womyn's Music Festival
707:Zami: A New Spelling of My Name
455:Lesbian Organization of Toronto
1771:"Femme definition and meaning"
1704:
1538:Use of femme by bisexual women
1491:Based on the understanding of
1431:. Praising the publication of
1388:identity into the mainstream,
1367:factoring into the history of
931:Onyx: Black Lesbian Newsletter
490:Sisters for Homophile Equality
415:June L. Mazer Lesbian Archives
395:First Black Lesbian Conference
360:Bi-National Lesbian Conference
1:
2755:Schwartz, Andi (2020-12-14).
2726:10.1080/15299716.2022.2060891
2097:Udis-Kessler, Amanda (1996).
1726:
460:Lesbians Against Pit Closures
4357:Terminology of homosexuality
3678:Terminology of homosexuality
2386:Anouk, SafĂra (2016-02-07).
340:Amazon Bookstore Cooperative
7:
2661:Stone, Sharon Dale (1996).
1749:Online Etymology Dictionary
1659:
1103:Mountain Moving Coffeehouse
565:Lesbians in Francoist Spain
440:Lesbian Feminist Liberation
248:Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon
59:Women's liberation movement
10:
4434:
3764:Baseball metaphors for sex
3102:(1st ed.). New York:
3072:10.1007/s11199-019-01021-3
2535:Hugh, Ryan (12 Aug 2016).
2118:LETTERS from CAMP Rehoboth
1988:Theophano, Teresa (2004).
1854:Journal of Lesbian Studies
1776:Collins English Dictionary
1591:Use of fem(me) by gay men'
1379:
1334:
1291:
981:Journal of Lesbian Studies
921:Common Lives/Lesbian Lives
811:The Woman-Identified Woman
525:Compulsory heterosexuality
465:Lincoln Legion of Lesbians
450:Lesbian Movement (Denmark)
365:Chicago Lesbian Liberation
18:
4334:
4315:
4201:
4173:Top, bottom and versatile
4037:
3746:
3686:
3660:
3287:Top, bottom and versatile
3229:
2340:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1929:Columbia University Press
1867:10.1080/10894160802161299
1800:Miller, Meredith (2006).
1444:, Everyday Feminism, and
1288:1940s through 60s culture
1133:Women's Week Provincetown
475:Oregon Women's Land Trust
445:Lesbian Herstory Archives
370:Combahee River Collective
3472:Lesbian until graduation
2774:10.1177/2056305120978366
2266:Pulliam-Moore, Charles.
2202:Bornstein, Kate (1994).
1697:
550:Gender-critical feminism
3137:Newton, Esther (2008).
1965:Oxford University Press
1582:Femme identities online
1573:Hence, the adoption of
1542:By the 1990s, the term
1344:saw a rejection of the
1331:during lesbian feminism
861:Lesbian Feminist Circle
405:Gay Women's Alternative
228:Melanie Kaye/Kantrowitz
2767:(4): 205630512097836.
2761:Social Media + Society
2714:Journal of Bisexuality
2637:"Political Lesbianism"
2514:. Arsenal Pulp Press.
2231:. Arsenal Pulp Press.
2030:. New York, New York:
1955:Ukockis, Gail (2016).
1314:Femme lesbian scholar
1265:when women joined the
1031:Hannah Gadsby: Nanette
951:Dykes to Watch Out For
21:Femme (disambiguation)
4403:Slang terms for women
3859:Girlfriend experience
3417:Flagging (hanky code)
3020:10.4324/9781003199045
2470:Qwear | Queer Fashion
2022:Nestle, Joan (1992).
1636:Lesbian femme erasure
1514:is also essential to
1413:gender non-conforming
1226:woman who exhibits a
400:The Furies Collective
293:Margaret Sloan-Hunter
2321:wearyourvoicemag.com
1931:. pp. 301–310.
1083:Lesbian pulp fiction
585:Political lesbianism
380:Daughters of Bilitis
19:For other uses, see
4408:Women and sexuality
2808:. pp. 101–105.
2137:"Bisexual Movement"
2032:Alyson Publications
1232:gender presentation
1152:Feminism portal
851:Dykes & Gorgons
595:Separatist feminism
540:Feminist separatism
430:Lesbian Art Project
4316:In popular culture
4272:Golden Age of Porn
3537:Same gender loving
3066:(11–12): 686–703.
2616:Shop Bi Girls Club
1646:erasure of lesbian
1518:through the terms
1474:political identity
1078:Lesbian literature
881:Lesbian Connection
590:Radical lesbianism
480:Salsa Soul Sisters
263:Ruth Mountaingrove
98:Evelyn Torton Beck
4413:LGBTQ terminology
4370:
4369:
3879:Italian profanity
3706:
3705:
3467:Heteroflexibility
3422:Friend of Dorothy
3011:Feminizing Theory
2965:The Establishment
2825:Los Angeles Times
2363:Everyday Feminism
1640:The contemporary
1532:transgender woman
1423:people. In 1994,
1320:heteronormativity
1309:gender expression
1186:
1185:
1118:Peg's Place (bar)
1098:Motherpeace Tarot
1051:Actions and ideas
1042:
1041:
555:Lesbian bed death
153:Stormé DeLarverie
103:Miriam Ben-Shalom
88:Ti-Grace Atkinson
4425:
4398:Bisexual culture
4362:Glossary of BDSM
4147:Lipstick lesbian
3733:
3726:
3719:
3710:
3709:
3694:
3693:
3673:LGBT linguistics
3652:Womyn-born womyn
3477:Lipstick lesbian
3192:
3185:
3178:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3148:
3133:
3091:
3042:
3041:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2993:. Archived from
2982:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2776:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2411:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2383:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2355:
2346:
2345:
2339:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2274:. Archived from
2263:
2257:
2256:
2250:
2242:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2155:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2094:
2085:
2084:
2078:
2074:
2072:
2064:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2029:
2019:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1994:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1952:
1943:
1942:
1916:
1895:
1894:
1861:(2–3): 127–144.
1848:
1839:
1838:
1823:(1st ed.).
1812:
1806:
1805:
1797:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1740:
1720:
1708:
1676:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1516:ballroom culture
1486:self-empowerment
1386:lipstick lesbian
1365:bisexual erasure
1342:Lesbian feminism
1337:Lesbian feminism
1221:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1123:Some Prefer Cake
1036:
1026:
1016:
1006:
996:
986:
976:
966:
956:
946:
936:
926:
916:
906:
896:
886:
876:
866:
856:
846:
836:
826:
816:
806:
796:
786:
776:
752:
742:
732:
722:
712:
702:
697:The Wanderground
692:
682:
672:
667:Le Corps Lesbien
662:
642:
641:
620:Womyn-born womyn
580:Lipstick lesbian
435:Lesbian Avengers
313:Bonnie Zimmerman
258:Bonnie J. Morris
203:Donna Gottschalk
178:Lillian Faderman
78:Paula Gunn Allen
51:
41:Lesbian feminism
28:
27:
4433:
4432:
4428:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4393:Lesbian culture
4388:Butch and femme
4373:
4372:
4371:
4366:
4342:Human sexuality
4330:
4311:
4197:
4077:Butch and femme
4033:
4014:Unicorn hunting
3884:Latin profanity
3742:
3737:
3707:
3702:
3682:
3656:
3647:Unicorn hunting
3277:Butch and femme
3225:
3196:
3166:
3114:
3051:
3049:Further reading
3046:
3045:
3030:
3006:
3002:
2983:
2979:
2970:
2968:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2945:
2943:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2920:
2918:
2908:
2904:
2889:
2885:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2856:
2854:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2834:
2832:
2817:
2813:
2802:
2798:
2753:
2749:
2706:
2702:
2679:10.2307/3346927
2659:
2655:
2646:
2644:
2641:ReviseSociology
2635:
2634:
2630:
2621:
2619:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2596:
2594:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2571:
2569:
2559:
2555:
2545:
2543:
2533:
2529:
2522:
2508:
2504:
2495:
2493:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2474:
2472:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2449:
2447:
2437:
2433:
2424:
2422:
2413:
2412:
2405:
2396:
2394:
2384:
2377:
2368:
2366:
2357:
2356:
2349:
2333:
2332:
2326:
2324:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2281:
2279:
2264:
2260:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2225:
2221:
2214:
2200:
2196:
2189:
2181:. p. 191.
2169:
2165:
2149:
2148:
2141:
2139:
2133:
2129:
2110:
2106:
2095:
2088:
2076:
2075:
2066:
2065:
2057:
2053:
2046:
2020:
2013:
2003:
2001:
1992:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1967:. p. 136.
1953:
1946:
1939:
1917:
1898:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1827:. p. 177.
1825:SAGE Publishers
1813:
1809:
1798:
1791:
1781:
1779:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1754:
1752:
1742:
1741:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1723:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1687:Butch and femme
1672:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1638:
1613:
1593:
1584:
1540:
1478:emotional labor
1382:
1377:
1339:
1333:
1296:
1294:Butch and femme
1290:
1214:
1198:
1194:
1182:
1146:
1144:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1052:
1044:
1043:
1034:
1024:
1014:
1004:
994:
984:
974:
964:
954:
944:
934:
924:
914:
904:
901:Sinister Wisdom
894:
884:
874:
864:
854:
844:
834:
824:
814:
804:
794:
784:
774:
755:
750:
740:
730:
720:
710:
700:
690:
680:
670:
660:
657:Les Guérillères
639:
631:
630:
629:
560:Lesbian erasure
530:Corrective rape
520:Butch and femme
509:
501:
500:
499:
470:Mujeres Creando
420:Lavender Menace
350:Artemis Singers
329:
319:
318:
317:
303:Cris Williamson
218:Sheila Jeffreys
173:Elana Dykewomon
118:Charlotte Bunch
83:Dorothy Allison
72:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4431:
4421:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4338:
4336:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4328:
4319:
4317:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4237:Deep-throating
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4208:
4206:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4195:
4193:U-Haul lesbian
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4043:
4041:
4039:LGBTQ-specific
4035:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3949:Rusty trombone
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3919:Pearl necklace
3916:
3914:Party and play
3911:
3906:
3901:
3899:Mile high club
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3819:Deep-throating
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3743:
3736:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3713:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3642:U-Haul lesbian
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3502:Party and play
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
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3409:
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3399:
3394:
3389:
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3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3292:Bottom surgery
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3226:
3195:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3172:
3165:
3164:
3149:
3134:
3112:
3092:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3028:
3000:
2997:on 2016-09-06.
2977:
2952:
2942:. 12 June 2020
2927:
2902:
2883:
2863:
2842:
2811:
2796:
2747:
2720:(3): 429–458.
2700:
2673:(1): 101–116.
2653:
2628:
2603:
2578:
2553:
2527:
2520:
2502:
2481:
2457:
2445:Slate Magazine
2431:
2403:
2375:
2347:
2308:
2288:
2258:
2238:978-1551523972
2237:
2219:
2213:978-1136603747
2212:
2194:
2187:
2163:
2127:
2104:
2086:
2051:
2044:
2011:
1980:
1974:978-0190239411
1973:
1944:
1938:978-0231137249
1937:
1896:
1840:
1834:978-1483371306
1833:
1807:
1789:
1762:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1661:
1658:
1637:
1634:
1626:women of color
1612:
1609:
1592:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1539:
1536:
1534:respectively.
1425:Kate Bornstein
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1335:Main article:
1332:
1325:
1292:Main article:
1289:
1286:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1108:Olivia Records
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1027:
1025:(2007–present)
1017:
1015:(2002–present)
1007:
1005:(2000–present)
997:
987:
985:(1997–present)
977:
975:(1994–present)
967:
961:Hothead Paisan
957:
947:
945:(1982–present)
937:
927:
917:
907:
905:(1976–present)
897:
887:
885:(1974–present)
877:
867:
857:
847:
837:
831:Lavender Woman
827:
817:
807:
797:
787:
777:
764:
763:
757:
756:
754:
753:
743:
733:
723:
713:
703:
693:
683:
677:Lesbian Nation
673:
663:
652:
649:
648:
640:
637:
636:
633:
632:
628:
627:
622:
617:
615:U-Haul lesbian
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
511:
510:
507:
506:
503:
502:
498:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
410:Gouines rouges
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
331:
330:
325:
324:
321:
320:
316:
315:
310:
308:Monique Wittig
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
283:Janice Raymond
280:
278:Julia Penelope
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
253:CherrĂe Moraga
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
208:Sarah Hoagland
205:
200:
195:
193:Michiyo Fukaya
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
168:Andrea Dworkin
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
138:Jeanne CĂłrdova
135:
130:
128:Michelle Cliff
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
93:Alison Bechdel
90:
85:
80:
74:
73:
68:
67:
64:
63:
62:
61:
53:
52:
44:
43:
37:
36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4430:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4383:English words
4381:
4380:
4378:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
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3337:Chubby chaser
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2278:on 2017-04-02
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1990:"Butch-Femme"
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1073:Lesbian flags
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158:Diane DiMassa
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123:Cheryl Clarke
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30:
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26:
22:
4324:
4212:Ass to mouth
4164:/stone femme
4131:
3904:Motherfucker
3839:Donkey punch
3740:Sexual slang
3695:
3612:Trans chaser
3597:Trache shave
3411:
3397:Female queen
3382:Fag (Faggot)
3317:Castro clone
3157:
3142:
3096:
3063:
3057:
3010:
3003:
2995:the original
2990:
2980:
2969:. Retrieved
2967:. 2017-01-18
2964:
2955:
2944:. Retrieved
2939:
2930:
2919:. Retrieved
2915:
2905:
2897:www.vice.com
2896:
2886:
2875:. Retrieved
2866:
2855:. Retrieved
2853:. 2016-04-28
2845:
2833:. Retrieved
2824:
2814:
2805:
2799:
2764:
2760:
2750:
2717:
2713:
2703:
2670:
2666:
2656:
2645:. Retrieved
2643:. 2020-06-12
2640:
2631:
2620:. Retrieved
2618:. 2019-08-12
2615:
2606:
2595:. Retrieved
2593:. 2022-01-31
2590:
2581:
2570:. Retrieved
2566:
2556:
2544:. Retrieved
2540:
2530:
2511:
2505:
2494:. Retrieved
2492:. 2017-03-13
2484:
2473:. Retrieved
2469:
2460:
2448:. Retrieved
2444:
2434:
2423:. Retrieved
2421:. 2016-07-18
2419:Autostraddle
2418:
2395:. Retrieved
2392:Harlot Media
2391:
2367:. Retrieved
2365:. 2016-02-10
2362:
2325:. Retrieved
2320:
2311:
2300:. Retrieved
2291:
2280:. Retrieved
2276:the original
2271:
2261:
2228:
2222:
2203:
2197:
2173:
2166:
2140:. Retrieved
2130:
2121:
2117:
2107:
2098:
2060:
2054:
2025:
2002:. Retrieved
1996:
1983:
1960:
1924:
1858:
1852:
1820:
1810:
1801:
1780:. Retrieved
1774:
1765:
1753:. Retrieved
1747:
1744:"femme (n.)"
1715:
1711:
1706:
1674:LGBTQ portal
1654:
1639:
1622:
1614:
1605:feminine men
1594:
1585:
1574:
1572:
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1560:
1555:
1551:
1543:
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1523:
1519:
1511:
1509:
1499:
1498:
1492:
1490:
1466:
1454:heterosexual
1449:
1446:Autostraddle
1436:
1428:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1368:
1362:
1357:
1340:
1328:
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1303:
1299:
1297:
1277:
1263:World War II
1254:
1252:
1230:identity or
1189:
1188:
1187:
1088:Maud's (bar)
1029:
1019:
1009:
999:
991:Jane's World
989:
979:
969:
959:
949:
939:
929:
919:
909:
899:
889:
879:
869:
859:
849:
841:Lesbian Tide
839:
829:
819:
809:
799:
789:
779:
771:Die Freundin
769:
760:
745:
735:
725:
715:
705:
695:
685:
675:
665:
655:
645:
625:Womyn's land
544:
268:Jean O'Leary
198:Carolyn Gage
188:Marilyn Frye
133:Kate Clinton
108:Julie Bindel
25:
4352:Sexual slur
4204:pornography
4162:Stone butch
4142:Gay-for-pay
4092:Chickenhawk
4004:Turkey slap
3969:Snowballing
3954:Serosorting
3809:Cum tribute
3794:Circle jerk
3789:Chickenhead
3592:Top surgery
3562:Stone butch
3437:Gay-for-pay
3327:Chickenhawk
3211:transgender
2077:|work=
2034:. pp.
1755:9 September
1692:Stone femme
1524:femme queen
1520:butch queen
1433:Ivan Coyote
1417:transgender
1354:Audre Lorde
1350:patriarchal
1346:butch-femme
1316:Joan Nestle
1274:lesbian bar
1248:transgender
1068:Lesbian bar
995:(1998–2018)
965:(1991–1998)
955:(1983–2008)
935:(1982–1984)
925:(1980–1996)
915:(1977–1983)
895:(1976–1990)
875:(1974–1984)
871:WomanSpirit
865:(1973–1986)
855:(1973–1976)
845:(1971–1980)
835:(1971–1976)
825:(1970–2008)
805:(1963-1972)
801:Arena Three
795:(1956–1972)
785:(1947–1948)
775:(1924–1933)
610:Stone femme
605:Stone butch
575:Lesbophobia
485:Sister Spit
243:Audre Lorde
233:Joan Larkin
163:Alix Dobkin
113:Ivy Bottini
4377:Categories
4302:Stunt cock
4287:Money shot
4242:Downblouse
4222:Centerfold
4157:Soft butch
4072:Bugchasing
4062:Bi-curious
4024:Whale tail
3989:Teabagging
3864:Glory hole
3774:Blue balls
3617:Transition
3552:Scissoring
3547:Soft butch
3462:Glory hole
3452:Genderfuck
3307:Bulldagger
3302:Bugchasing
3272:Bi-curious
3159:AfterEllen
3144:OutHistory
3130:1088074986
3113:0415902932
2971:2017-04-01
2946:2023-04-08
2921:2023-04-08
2877:2017-04-01
2857:2017-04-01
2647:2023-04-08
2622:2023-04-08
2597:2023-04-08
2572:2023-04-08
2496:2017-04-01
2475:2017-04-01
2425:2017-04-01
2397:2017-04-01
2369:2017-04-01
2327:2017-04-01
2302:2017-04-01
2282:2017-04-01
2188:1135963150
1727:References
1650:misogynist
1628:and other
1482:witchcraft
1469:postmodern
1421:non-binary
1267:work force
1244:non-binary
1063:Dyke march
1058:Cineffable
1021:Velvetpark
1011:AfterEllen
891:Conditions
791:The Ladder
781:Vice Versa
600:Soft butch
508:Key issues
273:Pat Parker
238:Anna Livia
4282:MILF/DILF
4262:Gang bang
4102:Cottaging
3944:Red wings
3784:Camel toe
3457:Gold star
3432:Fruit fly
3342:Cottaging
3104:Routledge
3088:150965307
3080:0360-0025
3059:Sex Roles
3038:237777482
2791:230282273
2783:2056-3051
2742:248029795
2734:1529-9716
2687:0160-9009
2591:Stonewall
2247:cite book
2179:Routledge
2079:ignored (
2069:cite book
1998:glbtq.com
1875:1089-4160
1782:29 August
1458:cisgender
1407:The term
1358:Tar Beach
1356:wrote in
1240:bisexuals
495:Van Dykes
213:Karla Jay
148:Max Dashu
143:Mary Daly
4347:Sexology
4252:Felching
4232:Cum shot
4227:Creampie
4112:Down-low
3889:Mama-san
3874:Hot Karl
3849:Felching
3799:Cornhole
3759:Bareback
3697:Category
3627:Tribbing
3622:Travesti
3582:Tea-room
3392:Fag stag
3377:En homme
3372:En femme
3357:Down-low
3347:Cruising
3247:Bareback
3207:bisexual
3122:92043240
2910:l-lcon.
2829:Archived
2567:Panorama
2450:17 March
2336:cite web
2152:cite web
2004:14 March
1883:19042728
1660:See also
1548:bisexual
1464:people.
1460:men and
1282:bisexual
1228:feminine
33:a series
31:Part of
4335:Related
4307:Upskirt
4297:Rosebud
4292:Paysite
4257:Fluffer
4217:Bukkake
4122:Fag hag
4087:Chicken
4067:Breeder
3974:Soaking
3959:Shemale
3939:Quickie
3924:Pegging
3869:Hogging
3834:Dogging
3747:General
3661:Related
3567:Stealth
3542:Shemale
3517:Post-op
3512:Poppers
3507:Passing
3497:Packing
3487:Muffing
3482:M2F/MTF
3402:F2M/FTM
3387:Fag hag
3322:Chicken
3297:Breeder
3199:Lesbian
2695:3346927
2036:138–146
1891:9394693
1528:gay man
1456:women,
1380:General
1284:women.
1242:. Some
1236:gay men
1224:lesbian
1215:French:
345:Anjaree
335:AMASONG
4277:Insert
4267:Gokkun
4247:Facial
4127:Femboy
4019:Wanker
3984:Switch
3929:Pirate
3909:Nookie
3844:Douche
3804:Cougar
3779:Bottom
3754:Banjee
3668:Polari
3607:Tranny
3522:Pre-op
3492:Non-op
3447:Gaymer
3442:Gaydar
3407:Femboy
3252:Banjee
3128:
3120:
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2940:Bustle
2916:Tumblr
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1831:
1618:Tumblr
1601:Scruff
1597:Grindr
1442:Tumblr
1035:(2017)
815:(1970)
751:(2017)
741:(1993)
731:(1992)
721:(1991)
711:(1982)
701:(1979)
691:(1976)
681:(1973)
671:(1973)
661:(1969)
327:Groups
183:Ferron
70:People
4188:Twink
4183:Troll
4178:Trade
4168:Swish
4152:Queen
4137:Fruit
4132:Femme
4107:Daddy
4082:Butch
4057:Beard
4029:Whore
3934:Pussy
3637:Twink
3632:Troll
3602:Trade
3572:Swish
3527:Queen
3427:Fruit
3412:Femme
3352:Daddy
3312:Butch
3262:Beard
3223:slang
3219:LGBTQ
3215:queer
3084:S2CID
3034:S2CID
2835:2 Feb
2787:S2CID
2738:S2CID
2691:JSTOR
2546:2 Feb
2541:Slate
2142:2 Feb
1993:(PDF)
1887:S2CID
1716:butch
1712:femme
1698:Notes
1682:Butch
1642:queer
1630:BIPOC
1575:femme
1556:femme
1552:butch
1544:femme
1512:femme
1500:Femme
1493:femme
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1255:femme
1190:Femme
1001:Curve
761:Other
687:Lover
646:Books
638:Media
545:Femme
515:Butch
4325:fuck
4117:Dyke
4097:Chub
4052:Bear
4047:Bara
4009:Twat
3994:Tits
3964:Slut
3854:Fuck
3824:Dick
3814:Cunt
3587:TERF
3367:Dyke
3362:Drag
3332:Chub
3267:Beat
3257:Bear
3230:List
3213:and
3126:OCLC
3118:LCCN
3108:ISBN
3076:ISSN
3024:ISBN
2837:2021
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3203:gay
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