2102:
conflict itself. As the Syrian state has re-consolidated control over much of the country since 2018, narcotics trafficking in Syria has become more expansive and widespread. In parallel, the decimation of conventional economic activities has increased the relative attractiveness of industrial-scale drug profiteering, which has been largely captured and controlled by narco-entrepreneurs linked to the regime of Syrian
President Bashar al-Assad and the regime's foreign allies. Ironically, the armed group commonly thought to be most closely associated with the Captagon trade — Islamic State — is, in fact, among the few conflict actors that has had no demonstrable institutional connection to the trade of this drug. This association has persisted in large part because of sensational foreign media coverage. the narcotics trade was decisively reconfigured to the advantage of pro-Government forces. Increasingly prominent in this period are narco-entrepreneurs affiliated with the Assad regime. Record-setting foreign drug interceptions since 2018 evince the evolution of Syria's drug industry, with exports of Captagon and hashish suggesting new levels of mass production.
409:
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53:
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that included hallucinations, visual distortions, and psychosis; it has also been linked to rare cases of myocardial infarction, seizures, and delusions. The chemical synthesis of fenethylline is straightforward and inexpensive. Manufactured in clandestine labs in
Southern Europe and the Middle East, these amphetamines had been used by affluent Middle Eastern young people for recreation or study aids. Captagon has periodically emerged as a drug used in combat and conflict, and it was implicated in the 2015 riots in Paris...
1069:
captagon tend to be in powdered form, captagon itself is not commonly a powder. She concluded "I find it somewhat difficult to believe that, in a single raid, we find two new forms of captagon." Videos compiled by the
Israeli government of the Hamas attack — cobbled together from cell phones, GoPros, as well as car and surveillance cameras — supposedly show that at least some of the militants were under the influence of the drug. Some experts noted Israel had not made public direct evidence of captagon use.
1104:
718:(13.7% of oral dose), both of which are active stimulants. The physiological effects of fenethylline therefore seem to result from a combination of these two compounds, although it is not entirely clear how, and seems to involve a synergistic effect between amphetamine and theophylline produced following metabolism. The pharmacological actions of fenethylline before cleavage also remain poorly established, though it appears to act directly at several serotonin receptors.
1027:
effects of the drug, which allows for ones senses to stay at more operational levels. It also helps to subdue feelings of fear and hunger, which is beneficial to conducting long term operations. Psychiatrist Dr. Robert
Keisling says that it "gives you a sense of well-being and euphoria", along with the thought that "you're invincible and that nothing can harm you." Those who go on jihad missions take a lot of it to prepare, says a former fighter associated with the
44:
959:
950:, from a shipment that arrived from Lebanon. In February 2021, Lebanese customs seized at Beirut port a shipment of 5 million Captagon pills hidden in a tile-making machine, intended for Greece and Saudi Arabia. In April 2021, Saudi authorities discovered 5.3 million Captagon pills hidden in fruits imported from Lebanon.
796:. It is manufactured locally by a cheap and simple process. In July 2019 in Lebanon, captagon was sold for $ 1.50 to $ 2.00 a pill. In 2021 in Syria, low-quality pills were sold locally for less than $ 1, while high-quality pills are increasingly smuggled abroad and may cost upwards of $ 14 each in Saudi Arabia.
920:. In April 2020, Saudi Arabia seized 44.7 million Captagon pills smuggled from Syria, and citing drug smuggling concerns, imposed an import ban on fruits and vegetables from Lebanon, causing the price of Lebanese lettuce to plummet. On 1 July 2020, an anti-drug operation coordinated in Italy by the Italian
2101:
Whereas attention has been lavished on drug use among combatants, little attention has been paid to the societal and individual costs of the pervasive spread of narcotics during the conflict. Even more neglected are the structural dynamics of drug trafficking and their impact on the trajectory of the
1042:
According to some commentators, fighters taking the drug in Syria were better able to tolerate the pain of being shot A drug control officer in the central city of Homs told
Reuters that protestors and fighters were able to resist painful interrogations better while on Captagon. Former fighters have
799:
According to some leaks, militant groups export the drug in exchange for weapons and cash. According to
Abdelelah Mohammed Al-Sharif, secretary general of the National Committee for Narcotics Control and assistant director of Anti-Drug and Preventative Affairs, forty percent of users between the ages
1043:
told the media that the pills helped them overcome their fear. Doctors report that the drug has dangerous side effects, including psychosis and brain damage. According to former fighters, hundreds became addicted to the pills they were given by brigade leaders without knowing what they were taking.
991:
port seized fourteen million
Captagon tablets hidden inside a shipment of iron plates coming from Lebanon. In the same month, Saudi authorities seized a shipment of 4.5 million Captagon pills, smuggled inside several orange cartons, at Jeddah port. In July 2021, Saudi customs discovered 2.1 million
768:
Many of these counterfeit "Captagon" tablets contain other amphetamine derivatives that are easier to produce, but are pressed and stamped to look like
Captagon pills. Some counterfeit Captagon pills analysed do contain fenethylline, indicating that illicit production of this drug continues to take
3596:
The invention comprises compounds of the general formula wherein X represents a 1-theobromine or 7-theophylline radical, A is a straight or branched chain alkylene radical, R1 is an alkyl radical of 1-3 carbon atoms and R2 is an aryl, e.g. phenyl radical, together with acid addition salts thereof,
1299:
First developed in the 1960s in Europe and approved briefly for use in the United States, fenethylline (sold as
Captagon, one of its early trade names) is now a prominent drug of abuse in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. The drug was withdrawn from the United States market because of side effects
1038:
in 2015 of the effect the drug had on fighters: " someone takes many pills, like 30 or so, they become violent and crazy, paranoid, unafraid of anything...They'll have a thirst for fighting and killing and will shoot at whatever they see. They lose any feeling or empathy for the people in front of
912:
crossing near the border with Jordan. In
December 2018, Greece intercepted a Syrian ship sailing for Libya, carrying six tonnes of processed cannabis and three million Captagon pills. In July 2019, a shipment of thirty-three million Captagon pills, weighing 5.25 tonnes, was seized in Greece coming
904:
seized 750,000 Captagon pills being transported from Lebanon to Saudi Arabia. In 2017, two other consignments of pills were found at Charles de Gaulle Airport: in January, heading for the Czech Republic, and in February, hidden in steel moulds. Further investigation showed that the seized products
3639:
In the first step, the explicit method described dissolving the theophylline starting material in an aqueous solution of a defined amount of sodium hydroxide in water, then added this to the perdeuterated starting material dissolved in 2-propanol, after which the reflux was begun. See You et al.
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attacks, but this has been doubted by some experts. Israeli forces said they had found captagon-containing tablets, powder, and liquid on the bodies of the attackers. But Caroline Rose of Newline Institute, said that she had never seen captagon made in liquid form. While precursor chemicals for
1026:
Captagon is a major stimulant used amongst some jihadist fighters. It is sometimes dubbed the "Jihad drug" because of this. It quickly produces a euphoric intensity in users, allowing users to stay awake for very long periods of time. Along with this, one remains more calm and focused under the
3597:
and comprises also the preparation of those compounds by reacting a haloalkyl-xanthine X-A-Halogen with an aralkylamine of the formula H2N-CH(R1)-CH2-R2, preferably at 70 DEG -170 DEG C. in an inert solvent such as toluene in the presence of an acid-binding agent such as potassium carbonate..."
3415:
Israeli security forces have not produced any evidence to back up the claims put out in those outlets by anonymous officials. In the month since Oct. 7, Israel has not shown photographic or chemical evidence showing any widespread captagon use by Hamas in the attacks last
1010:, whose brother Bashar al-Assad is the ruler of Syria, oversees much of the production and distribution of Captagon, among other drugs. The unit controls manufacturing facilities, packing plants, and smuggling networks all across Syria, and had started to deal in
3599:
3567:
2765:
3584:, Kohlstaedt E, Klingler KH, issued 1962, assigned to Chemiewerk Homburg Zweignieder." 1-and 7-(basically-substituted-alkyl) xanthine derivatives, a process for their manufacture and pharmaceutical compositions containing them. X—A—NH—CH(R
974:. The production and sale of fenethylline generates large revenues which are likely used to fund weapons, and fenethylline is used as a stimulant by combatants. Poverty and international sanctions that limit legal exports are contributing factors.
987:. Drug money flowing into Syria is destabilizing legitimate businesses, positioning it as the global centre of Captagon production, with increased industrialization, adaptation, and technical sophistication. In June 2021, Saudi authorities at
9218:
913:
from Syria. In July 2019, eight hundred thousand Captagon pills were found on a boat in the United Arab Emirates. In August 2019, Saudi customs at Al-Haditha seized 2,579,000 Captagon pills found inside a truck and a private vehicle.
1014:. The division's security bureau, headed by Maj. Gen. Ghassan Bilal, provides protection for factories and along smuggling routes to the port city Latakia and to border crossings with Jordan and Lebanon. Jihad Yazigi, editor of
752:
versions of the drug continue to be available despite its illegality. Captagon is much less common outside of the Middle East, to the point that police may not recognize the drug. Captagon production and export has become a big
2654:
1050:. One 19-year-old fighter named Kareem, who said he fought alongside ISIS for more than a year, told CNN in 2014: "They gave us drugs, hallucinogenic pills that would make you go to battle not caring if you live or die."
2311:
3650:
Kikura R, Nakahara Y (1997). "Hair analysis for drugs of abuse. XVI. Disposition of fenethylline and its metabolite into hair and discrimination between fenethylline use and amphetamine use by hair analysis".
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above) in 33% yield after extraction and chromatographic purification; this was followed by a second step of heating of this product and amphetamine without solvent to 100 °C for 17 h to give the desired
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9857:
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and depression. One of the main advantages of fenethylline was that it does not increase blood pressure to the same extent as an equivalent dose of amphetamine and so could be used in patients with
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port coming from Syria. The first had 3,251,500 tablets, while the second contained 11 million tablets. In December 2020, Italian authorities seized about 14 tonnes of Captagon arriving from
2122:
924:
and Customs and Monopolies Agency seized fourteen tonnes of amphetamines, labeled as Captagon, smuggled from Syria and initially thought by the Italian authorities to have been produced by
3427:
Davis, Katie & Stewart, Will (28 March 2024). "Terror zombies. Moscow attackers were high on ISIS's favourite drug 'Chemical Courage' that turned them into fearless killing machines,"
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1031:. He described the effect: "They go blank. Their heart rate spikes. They lose all connection to their emotions and thoughts." Some commented on this effect as a "zombielike detachment".
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9223:
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1243:
Since fenethylline is a controlled drug, a variety of identification methods are needed in order to regulate it. Many identification methods with different samples have been tested.
140:
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10024:
2425:
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3089:
1488:
2014:
1466:
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9847:
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1969:
8821:
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2485:
2037:
2389:
2150:
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Fenethylline was considered to have fewer side effects and less potential for abuse than amphetamine. Nevertheless, fenethylline was listed in 1981 as a schedule I
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1124:
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1383:[Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese).
5825:
1859:
176:
9340:
6111:
3519:
Rücker G, Neugebauer M, Neugebauer M, Heiden PG (December 1987). "Zur chemischen Stabilität des Fenetyllins" [The chemical stability of fenethylline].
11068:
10312:
189:
95:
3177:
9109:
6929:
6895:
3613:
You ZY, Chen YJ, Wang YY, Chen C (June 2008). "Synthesis of Deuterium Labeled Standards of 1-Benzylpiperazine, Fenetylline, Nicocodeine and Nicomorphine".
3029:
2712:
2606:
9897:
9877:
9208:
6814:
3453:
2201:
1256:
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According to reviewers Pergolizzi Jr., et al., writing in 2024, the clandestine chemical synthesis of fenethylline is "straightforward and inexpensive".
5805:
9817:
2930:
548:
3293:
153:
11173:
10562:
10141:
4587:
1925:
1804:"Structural insight into the serotonin (5-HT) receptor family by molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and systems pharmacology analysis"
9162:
6556:
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1312:
1209:(the deuterium atoms all lying in the ethyl-bridge between the two drugs); in the hands of these researchers, theophylline and 1,2-dichloroethane-
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478:
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Pergolizzi Jr., J. LeQuang, J.K.; Vortsman, E.; Magnusson, P.; EL-Tallawy, S.N.; Wagner, M.; Salah, R. & Varrassi, G. (27 February 2024).
1257:
Pergolizzi Jr., J. LeQuang, J.K.; Vortsman, E.; Magnusson, P.; EL-Tallawy, S.N.; Wagner, M.; Salah, R. & Varrassi, G. (27 February 2024).
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9967:
9962:
9540:
9535:
9370:
9365:
9360:
9355:
9335:
9272:
9267:
1992:
1942:
1591:
Nickel B, Niebch G, Peter G, von Schlichtegroll A, Tibes U (June 1986). "Fenetylline: new results on pharmacology, metabolism and kinetics".
1111:
The overall transformation is accomplished in two laboratory steps, each requiring extraction and purification following. In the first step,
879:
65:
2561:
2096:
10872:
10447:
10237:
10146:
9760:
9750:
9635:
9297:
9247:
8994:
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1216:
were refluxed in a first step at 80-90 °C for 18 h in 2-propanol / 0.75-molar aqueous sodium hydroxide (3:2) to give the chloroethyl-
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165:
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9292:
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6001:
2902:
1496:
793:
5835:
3319:
2655:""La droga dell'Isis non-era dell'Isis": quelle 14 tonnellate di anfetamine sequestrate in Italia e il legame con la Siria di Assad"
10537:
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10074:
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10114:
10044:
9862:
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Fahey, Ryan (29 March 2024). "Moscow attackers were high on ISIS top drug 'Chemical Courage' making them into killing machines,"
3124:
2022:
1474:
10156:
9056:
6877:
6006:
5830:
1977:
3234:
2507:
11193:
10763:
10685:
10622:
3011:
1446:
1420:
1247:(GC-MS) has been proven as an accurate tool to identify fenethylline in solid samples, as well as in urine and hair samples.
688:
4117:
8695:
7987:
7335:
6549:
3704:
1244:
785:
532:
InChI=1S/C18H23N5O2/c1-13(11-14-7-5-4-6-8-14)19-9-10-23-12-20-16-15(23)17(24)22(3)18(25)21(16)2/h4-8,12-13,19H,9-11H2,1-3H3
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1380:
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claimed on the occasion that it seized 50,000 captagon pills on the border and blamed Israel for attempt to dope Gaza.
2259:"Saudi prince arrested in Lebanon trying to smuggle two tonnes of amphetamine pills out of the country by private jet"
2176:
1876:
201:
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6859:
1053:
In February 2023, Israel's Ministry of Defense thwarted an attempt to smuggle thousands of captagon tablets into the
581:
524:
8710:
8017:
7360:
5101:
916:
In February 2020, the UAE found thirty-five million Captagon pills in a shipment of electric cables from Syria to
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8402:
7647:
6542:
5501:
5195:
5106:
3185:
1065:
983:
described the effects of Captagon production in Syria on the economy as a dirty business that is creating a near-
860:
792:
that has been financing Captagon production and sponsoring networks of its drug dealers in coordination with the
219:
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2633:"Salerno, sequestrate 84 milioni di pasticche di droga dell'Isis: le stesse usate dai terroristi del Bataclan"
1755:"Insight of Captagon Abuse by Chemogenomics Knowledgebase-guided Systems Pharmacology Target Mapping Analyses"
1510:
Kristen G, Schaefer A, von Schlichtegroll A (June 1986). "Fenetylline: therapeutic use, misuse and/or abuse".
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8735:
8685:
8680:
8397:
7992:
7340:
5780:
5765:
5165:
5076:
5071:
4612:
1661:
Alabdalla MA (September 2005). "Chemical characterization of counterfeit captagon tablets seized in Jordan".
1381:"RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial"
1003:
928:, which were found in three shipping containers filled with around 84 million pills, in the southern port of
636:
is considered to be the world's largest producer of the drug, accounting for about 80% of the global supply.
2934:
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1384:
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325:
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In January 2021, Egyptian authorities seized eight tons of Captagon and another eight tons of hashish at
365:
10605:
10442:
9842:
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8372:
6853:
5860:
5278:
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4574:
1174:) after cooling, filtration, extraction, drying, and chromatographic purification. After purification,
573:
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3562:
75:
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5913:
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4092:
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5348:
5185:
4237:
3832:
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909:
754:
3565:, Kohlstaedt E, Klingler KH, issued 1962, assigned to Chemiewerk Homburg Zweignieder.
2880:
2000:
1018:, reported that Captagon "has probably become Syria's most important source of foreign currency."
11038:
10988:
9837:
9322:
9242:
9129:
8907:
8785:
8600:
8560:
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1073:
856:
83:
3339:"Were the Hamas attacks on Israel so brutal because the killers were high on the drug captagon?"
943:, Syria, and heading towards Libya, numbering about 85 million pills, worth around $ 1 billion.
11048:
11013:
10998:
10846:
10467:
10282:
9882:
9852:
9800:
9470:
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8932:
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890:
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1011:
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9832:
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2713:"Italian Police on Amalfi Coast Seize 84 Million 'Captagon' Pills Shipped by ISIS From Syria"
1306:
1120:
867:
569:
489:
6184:
1875:
1626:
Ellison T, Levy L, Bolger JW, Okun R (1970). "The metabolic fate of 3H-fenetylline in man".
1550:
Katselou M, Papoutsis I, Nikolaou P, Qammaz S, Spiliopoulou C, Athanaselis S (August 2016).
874:
and seized large quantities of Captagon pills. Two days earlier, three tons of Captagon and
773:
and various fillers", which are sometimes referred to as "captagon" (with a lowercase "c").
11103:
11073:
11018:
10888:
10412:
10317:
10194:
10172:
9912:
9410:
9400:
9060:
8780:
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8615:
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8520:
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7188:
6835:
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5931:
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3777:
3767:
1709:
844:
801:
762:
757:, with revenue from its exports contributing to more than 90% of its foreign currency. The
735:
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334:
314:
6179:
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385:
249:
8:
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11098:
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10189:
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8922:
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8352:
8130:
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5149:
5027:
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4854:
4647:
4632:
4592:
3978:
3865:
3690:
2235:
2127:
1698:"Vaccine-driven pharmacodynamic dissection and mitigation of fenethylline psychoactivity"
240:
3482:
3455:
3209:"These Are the People Making Captagon, the Drug ISIS Fighters Take to Feel 'Invincible'"
1713:
1285:
1258:
11158:
10611:
9795:
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9121:
8937:
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8268:
7764:
7531:
7063:
6624:
5696:
5682:
5637:
5622:
4122:
4107:
3759:
3544:
2426:"Les 135 kilos de drogue saisis n'étaient pas du Captagon, "la drogue des djihadistes""
2335:
1943:"Why would the Islamic State group try to smuggle the 'drug of the Jihad' into Europe?"
1828:
1803:
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1833:
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1678:
1643:
1639:
1608:
1604:
1573:
1527:
1523:
1467:"A little-known drug brought billions to Syria's coffers. Now it's a bargaining chip"
1442:
1416:
1290:
1235:
in 48% yield (16% overall, again after extraction and chromatographic purification).
828:
805:
645:
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1674:
11163:
10807:
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10009:
10002:
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9395:
8826:
8670:
8580:
8469:
8333:
8207:
8120:
7977:
7713:
7601:
7480:
7424:
7273:
7012:
6608:
5991:
5800:
5662:
5539:
5298:
5170:
5160:
5061:
4961:
4796:
4529:
4222:
3870:
3660:
3622:
3528:
3477:
3467:
3294:"U.S. and Israeli Officials Claim Hamas Was High During Oct. 7 Attack. Is It True?"
3235:
The Captagon Threat A Profile of Illicit Trade, Consumption, and Regional Realities
1823:
1815:
1774:
1766:
1725:
1717:
1670:
1635:
1600:
1563:
1519:
1280:
1270:
971:
836:
824:
421:
108:
3456:"The Emergence of the Old Drug Captagon as a New Illicit Drug: A Narrative Review"
1552:"Fenethylline (Captagon) Abuse - Local Problems from an Old Drug Become Universal"
1259:"The Emergence of the Old Drug Captagon as a New Illicit Drug: A Narrative Review"
1186:) after cooling, basifying, extraction, drying, and chromatographic purification.
870:
announced that it had discovered two large-scale drug production workshops in the
859:. The pills had been produced in Syria and were being shipped to countries in the
765:
57 billion in 2022, about three times the total trade of all Mexican drug barons.
274:
10753:
10161:
10129:
10104:
9655:
9555:
9262:
9118:
8760:
8605:
8348:
8263:
8153:
8042:
7824:
7687:
7626:
7621:
7526:
7439:
7298:
7122:
6986:
6713:
6619:
6614:
6600:
6415:
5908:
5717:
5692:
5652:
5491:
5408:
5363:
5230:
5225:
5145:
5141:
4957:
4730:
4712:
4182:
3880:
2739:
2717:
2263:
2231:"Saudi prince held after seizure of two tonnes of amphetamines at Beirut airport"
2123:"The tiny pill fueling Syria's war and turning fighters into superhuman soldiers"
851:
had seized two tonnes of Captagon—about eleven million pills—during raids in the
804:
to fenethylline. In 2017, Captagon was the most popular recreational drug in the
789:
758:
727:
632:. It is now illegal in most countries and is produced primarily for illicit use.
617:
494:
6525:
6174:
6169:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
815:, Prince Abdel Mohsen Bin Walid Bin Abdulaziz, and four others were detained in
10840:
10743:
10703:
9645:
9560:
8595:
8358:
8288:
8110:
8007:
7921:
7556:
7414:
7293:
7223:
6847:
6410:
6405:
6210:
5672:
5377:
5215:
4923:
3991:
3885:
3840:
3802:
1802:
Wang YQ, Lin WW, Wu N, Wang SY, Chen MZ, Lin ZH, et al. (September 2019).
1770:
1178:
is mixed directly in the second step, in absence of solvent, with amphetamine (
1007:
852:
1819:
52:
11147:
10830:
9987:
9740:
9660:
9420:
9087:
8328:
8318:
8258:
8181:
8059:
8037:
7846:
7692:
7596:
7586:
7521:
7454:
7315:
7148:
6991:
6907:
6792:
6761:
6721:
6490:
6390:
6340:
6255:
5496:
5423:
5398:
5313:
5308:
5283:
5248:
5121:
4761:
4702:
4247:
4192:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
3986:
3860:
3782:
2969:
2802:
2659:
2637:
2206:
1871:
1346:
925:
812:
700:
397:
5986:
5981:
2990:
1899:
11113:
11053:
10950:
10935:
10930:
10909:
10857:
10835:
10748:
10718:
10675:
10216:
9745:
9640:
9510:
9031:
8958:
8902:
8897:
8645:
8545:
8535:
8500:
8303:
8283:
8186:
7926:
7911:
7831:
7804:
7672:
7667:
7571:
7551:
7459:
7228:
7208:
7128:
7103:
6971:
6966:
6445:
6395:
6315:
6295:
6290:
6270:
6265:
6220:
5976:
5971:
5961:
5946:
5885:
5456:
5451:
5428:
5388:
5220:
5126:
5042:
4972:
4953:
4933:
4806:
4736:
4687:
4365:
4330:
4295:
4162:
4001:
3822:
3807:
3664:
3626:
3532:
3491:
3400:"Did a stimulant known as 'the drug of jihad' fuel Hamas terror on Oct. 7?"
2907:
2390:"In a first, authorities say they found 750,000 'Captagon' pills in France"
2038:"Study of Adulterants and Diluents in Some Seized Captagon-Type Stimulants"
1993:"Assad cousins hit with sanctions over amphetamine trade that funds regime"
1837:
1788:
1739:
1682:
1577:
1336:
1294:
1155:
1112:
979:
894:
715:
657:
593:
103:
20:
6159:
6154:
3672:
3540:
2607:"Lebanese fear fruit and vegetables going to waste with Saudi market shut"
2089:"The Syrian Economy at War: Captagon, Hashish, and the Syrian Narco-State"
1647:
1612:
1531:
10925:
10882:
10825:
10820:
10776:
10733:
10698:
10582:
10487:
10089:
9780:
9755:
9735:
9710:
9705:
9650:
9455:
9435:
9350:
9330:
9146:
9026:
9011:
8856:
8740:
8650:
8590:
8298:
8143:
8125:
7941:
7936:
7881:
7876:
7814:
7809:
7748:
7728:
7566:
7429:
7325:
7243:
7238:
7178:
7173:
7113:
7108:
7047:
7027:
6771:
6756:
6751:
6736:
6662:
6657:
6592:
6534:
6495:
6480:
6465:
6435:
6430:
6375:
6360:
6355:
6330:
6285:
6275:
6260:
6240:
6230:
6225:
6091:
5737:
5657:
5383:
5353:
5303:
5258:
5175:
5155:
5131:
4967:
4938:
4903:
4826:
4816:
4811:
4786:
4722:
4692:
4564:
4544:
4491:
4433:
4410:
4405:
4395:
4375:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4320:
4315:
4280:
4172:
4127:
4046:
4006:
3953:
3850:
3817:
3749:
3472:
2995:
1275:
1170:
at 90 °C for 18h, giving the 7-(β-chloroethyl)theophylline product (
1103:
999:
984:
749:
745:
704:
656:-approved indications for fenethylline, it was used in the treatment of "
649:
589:
6129:
2486:"Greece seizes record amount of amphetamine Captagon shipped from Syria"
1721:
691:, even though the actual incidence of fenethylline abuse was quite low.
294:
10945:
10904:
10877:
10862:
10852:
10708:
10670:
10577:
10307:
10099:
10014:
9892:
9785:
9770:
9580:
9575:
9570:
9505:
9490:
9415:
9380:
9287:
9001:
8942:
8725:
8720:
8675:
8665:
8655:
8565:
8555:
8484:
8479:
8313:
8308:
8293:
8162:
8158:
8115:
8084:
8064:
8032:
7982:
7951:
7856:
7851:
7799:
7794:
7738:
7733:
7723:
7581:
7576:
7561:
7546:
7419:
7409:
7380:
7320:
7288:
7278:
7253:
7183:
7153:
7143:
7098:
7093:
7037:
7032:
7022:
6787:
6766:
6746:
6741:
6703:
6672:
6649:
6584:
6475:
6460:
6450:
6400:
6370:
6365:
6335:
6325:
6250:
6215:
5996:
5903:
5880:
5609:
5599:
5521:
5511:
5486:
5481:
5466:
5393:
5373:
5368:
5323:
5263:
5253:
5243:
5210:
5066:
5056:
5047:
5037:
5032:
4997:
4987:
4982:
4928:
4913:
4883:
4859:
4844:
4836:
4831:
4801:
4771:
4756:
4741:
4682:
4672:
4554:
4549:
4539:
4501:
4496:
4463:
4458:
4428:
4420:
4310:
4227:
4197:
4187:
4137:
4132:
4036:
3996:
3938:
3933:
3918:
3855:
3845:
3797:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3721:
2036:
Alshehri AZ, Al Qahtani MS, Al Qahtani MA, Faeq AM, Aljohani J (2020).
1568:
1551:
1326:
1195:
1054:
908:
In January 2018, Saudi Arabia seized 1.3 million Captagon pills at the
711:
665:
454:
305:
3272:"Hamas seizes 50,000 captagon pills in Gaza, blaming Israel as source"
3012:"'A dirty business': how one drug is turning Syria into a narco-state"
2931:"Insight – War turns Syria into major amphetamines producer, consumer"
2687:"Italian police seize 14 tons of amphetamines with possible ISIS link"
2463:"Greece seizes big drugs haul from Syrian freighter sailing for Libya"
11033:
10983:
10899:
10867:
10723:
10650:
10640:
10552:
10492:
10482:
10302:
10257:
10054:
9827:
9730:
9715:
9700:
9515:
9465:
9440:
9282:
9232:
9182:
9021:
9016:
8989:
8963:
8917:
8912:
8730:
8443:
8338:
8323:
8069:
8027:
7956:
7906:
7871:
7611:
7591:
7370:
7283:
7258:
7203:
7168:
6865:
6731:
6726:
6698:
6667:
6510:
6485:
6350:
6320:
6310:
6235:
6101:
5951:
5941:
5875:
5865:
5712:
5702:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5293:
5116:
5022:
5007:
4992:
4943:
4898:
4717:
4521:
4511:
4506:
4486:
4443:
4370:
4290:
4285:
4275:
4260:
4232:
4212:
4207:
4177:
4152:
4142:
4069:
4064:
4059:
3963:
3948:
3943:
3875:
3812:
3792:
3744:
3713:
3381:"A drug called captagon may have helped fuel Hamas' attack on Israel"
3094:
2177:"Insight: War turns Syria into major amphetamines producer, consumer"
1341:
1331:
947:
917:
777:
744:
Abuse of fenethylline under the brand name Captagon is common in the
644:
Fenethylline was first synthesized by the German pharmaceutical firm
260:
69:
5775:
5770:
714:
by the body to form two drugs, amphetamine (24.5% of oral dose) and
11008:
11003:
10894:
10567:
10124:
9605:
9600:
9585:
9565:
9545:
9445:
9252:
9036:
8816:
8640:
8635:
8585:
8575:
8474:
8202:
8176:
8171:
8105:
8074:
7946:
7916:
7861:
7743:
7718:
7682:
7677:
7475:
7449:
7444:
7375:
7248:
7218:
7158:
7042:
7017:
6981:
6976:
6829:
6521:
6385:
6345:
6305:
6300:
6096:
5727:
5687:
5579:
5529:
5476:
5471:
5418:
5413:
5403:
5288:
5190:
5136:
4977:
4878:
4821:
4559:
4534:
4478:
4448:
4335:
4305:
4300:
4255:
4167:
4147:
4054:
4011:
3968:
3895:
3787:
2743:
2319:
2290:
1590:
936:
788:. Later research demonstrated that it was the Syrian government of
770:
354:
285:
3320:"Jihad on speed: captagon at the service of terror organization's"
3030:"14 million Captagon amphetamine pills coming from Lebanon seized"
2766:"Egyptian police seize container with 1,858 Captagon drug packets"
2544:"Video: Massive drug bust in Dubai, 5.6 tonnes of captagon seized"
1182:) and heated to 100 °C for 17 hours to produce fenethylline (
1131:) to give 7-(β-chloroethyl)theophylline (Benaphyllin, Eupnophile;
935:
In November 2020, Egypt seized two shipments of Captagon pills at
477:
11117:
11088:
11058:
11028:
10978:
10728:
10713:
10572:
10322:
10201:
10179:
9977:
9425:
9167:
9150:
7866:
7163:
6500:
6425:
6380:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
5966:
5923:
5895:
5755:
5677:
5667:
5549:
4908:
4791:
4667:
4468:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4270:
4265:
3958:
3928:
2862:"Lebanon vows to punish drug smugglers as Saudi import ban bites"
2180:
1509:
1356:
940:
929:
875:
832:
769:
place. These illicit pills often contain "a mix of amphetamines,
597:
6566:
3518:
2562:"Saudi Arabia busts drug smuggling operation from Assad's Syria"
2408:"Customs seize 135 kg of captagon for first time in France"
2035:
992:
Captagon pills at Al-Haditha hidden in a tomato paste shipment.
648:
in 1961 and used for around 25 years as a milder alternative to
11083:
11078:
10790:
9997:
9992:
9957:
9665:
8540:
8530:
7966:
7536:
6505:
6455:
6440:
6021:
6016:
6011:
5956:
4888:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4400:
4325:
3913:
3908:
3903:
2740:"Captagon: Italy seizes €1bn of amphetamines 'made to fund IS'"
2350:
Tuesday raids in east Lebanon netted 800 kg of hash:police
1549:
1167:
988:
840:
816:
761:'s annual Captagon merchandise is estimated to have been worth
585:
43:
3048:"Saudi Arabia seizes 4.5m amphetamine pills hidden in oranges"
2605:
Kanaan A, El Dahan M, Blair E (12 May 2021). Shirbon E (ed.).
2015:"Tackling the illicit drug trade fuelling Assad's war machine"
1489:"What is Captagon, the addictive drug mass-produced in Syria?"
10764:
10686:
10623:
10547:
10109:
10049:
9630:
9625:
9620:
8745:
8610:
8453:
8438:
8412:
8392:
8278:
7541:
7330:
6280:
6200:
5544:
5461:
5180:
5017:
4642:
4597:
3923:
3682:
2312:"Turkey seizes 11 million pills of 'Syria war drug': Reports"
1064:
Israel has publicly stated that captagon was used during the
1058:
963:
871:
633:
468:
3362:"Some Hamas killers were high on amphetamine, officials say"
3090:"Was Hamas drug crazed from Captagon during Oct. 7 attacks?"
2151:"Syria's civil war being fought with fighters high on drugs"
1753:
Wu N, Feng Z, He X, Kwon W, Wang J, Xie XQ (February 2019).
905:
mainly contained a mixture of amphetamine and theophylline.
370:
10206:
9917:
9530:
9495:
8700:
8630:
8448:
8417:
8407:
8002:
7350:
5091:
4637:
4617:
4438:
3253:"Captagon: Assad's deadly drug of choice expands to Israel"
2784:"Attempt to smuggle 11M drug tablets in container thwarted"
2444:"Saudi customs bust drug smugglers with haul of 1.3m pills"
2287:"Saudi Royal, Four Others Detained in Beirut Captagon Bust"
1047:
958:
345:
3240:(Report). Washington: New Lines Institute. pp. 14–15.
2508:"Dogs help seize 800,000 Captagon pills worth Dh3 million"
1970:"How Syria became the world's most profitable narco state"
1189:
1072:
Captagon was reportedly used by the ISIS attackers in the
3580:
3561:
2958:"Syria's Breaking Bad: Are Amphetamines Funding the War?"
2581:"Saudi Arabia bans fruit, vegetable imports from Lebanon"
2067:
1470:
1135:). In the second step, the primary amine in amphetamine (
781:
32:
2367:"Attacker in Nice plotted for months with 'accomplices'"
1162:) reacts in the first step with 1-bromo-2-chloroethane (
885:
Traces of the drug were found on a mobile phone used by
7648:
1926:"2011 Global Assessment of Amphetamine-Type Stimulants"
699:
The fenethylline molecule results when theophylline is
2903:"Captagon: the amphetamine fuelling Syria's civil war"
3067:"Saudis bust bid to smuggle 2 million Captagon pills"
2483:
1625:
882:, concealed in school desks being exported to Egypt.
6896:
Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor
3125:"The drug that stimulates, and finances, terrorists"
2460:
683:
in most countries in 1986 after being listed by the
6815:
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management
2604:
2461:Koutantou A, Kambas M, Stamp D (14 December 2018).
9219:4'-O-β-D-Glucosyl-9-O-(6''-deoxysaccharosyl)olivil
8373:
2881:"Captagon, ISIS's favorite amphetamine, explained"
1556:Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology
6947:
4588:1-Methylamino-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)propane
2843:"Lebanon seizes 5m captagon pills at Beirut port"
2800:
2630:
11145:
1695:
1438:Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory
273:
5618:1-Benzyl-4-(2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl)piperidine
3612:
3336:
2684:
2526:"Saudi officials stop Captagon smuggling plots"
1429:
1039:them and can kill them without caring at all."
827:discovered two tons of Captagon (fenethylline)
248:
9801:
9117:
6937:
6646:
6577:
3649:
3178:"Syria fighters may be fueled by amphetamines"
2284:
2064:"Syria fighters may be fueled by amphetamines"
1892:
784:reported in 2015 that it is allegedly used by
10769:Tooltip Plasma membrane monoamine transporter
10691:Tooltip Equilibrative nucleoside transporters
10628:Tooltip Concentrative nucleoside transporters
9103:
6923:
6550:
3698:
3232:
3175:
2825:"Egypt busts massive drugs haul worth Dh143m"
2706:
2704:
2626:
2624:
2061:
1801:
1441:. Taylor & Francis. 2000. pp. 431–.
1403:
1223:-theophylline intermediate (corresponding to
1046:Captagon use was associated with the rise of
800:of twelve and twenty-two in Saudi Arabia are
652:and related compounds. Although there are no
3504:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2801:Chaundy F, Miglierini J (21 December 2020).
2093:Center for Operational Analysis and Research
1860:"On Syria's Ruins, a Drug Empire Flourishes"
1795:
1752:
1746:
1696:Wenthur CJ, Zhou B, Janda KD (August 2017).
1311:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1139:) formally displaces the terminal halide in
6884:Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
3643:
3512:
3064:
2484:Georgiopoulos G, Heinrich M (5 July 2019).
1931:. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
1857:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
755:industry sponsored by the Syrian government
9110:
9096:
6930:
6916:
6890:Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor
6564:
6557:
6543:
3705:
3691:
2701:
2621:
1460:
1458:
1238:
843:, the Saudi capital. The following month,
721:
407:
384:
313:
3481:
3471:
3337:Meyer J, Hjelmgaard K (2 November 2023).
3119:
3117:
2803:"Captagon: Destroying the frontline drug"
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
1827:
1778:
1729:
1660:
1567:
1284:
1274:
1150:
677:controlled substance in the United States
512:O=C2N(c1ncn(c1C(=O)N2C)CCNC(C)Cc3ccccc3)C
333:
11174:Norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents
10808:
6809:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
3206:
3176:McConnell D, Todd B (20 November 2015).
2859:
2652:
2285:Vinograd C, Kassem M (26 October 2015).
2062:Todd B, McConnell D (21 November 2015).
1844:
1464:
1102:
957:
662:attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
7653:Tooltip Norepinephrine releasing agents
3615:Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society
3397:
3378:
3359:
2631:Del Porto D, Foschini G (1 July 2020).
2364:
2228:
2148:
1455:
1190:Synthesis of stable isotope derivatives
687:for international scheduling under the
660:children", in what would now be called
380:
293:
11146:
6878:Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
3250:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3114:
3009:
2900:
2710:
2680:
2678:
2387:
2354:Lebanese Army busts two drug factories
2120:
2107:
1990:
1375:
1087:
953:
398:
183:
16:Codrug of amphetamine and theophylline
9091:
6911:
6538:
3686:
3317:
3291:
3287:
3285:
3269:
3149:
3084:
3082:
3080:
2991:"The Arab World's New Drug of Choice"
2896:
2894:
2878:
2685:Givetash L, Lavanga C (1 July 2020).
2256:
2174:
1858:Hubbard B, Saad H (5 December 2021).
1503:
689:Convention on Psychotropic Substances
616:. The drug was marketed for use as a
195:
74:
2194:
1967:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1245:Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
179:(Special prescription form required)
107:
6820:Hypokalemic sensory overstimulation
3606:
3257:Foundation for Defense of Democracy
3162:
3152:"The brief – the captagon fighters"
2675:
1415:. CRC Press. 1996. pp. 3140–.
1034:An illegal Syrian manufactuer told
998:reported in December 2021 that the
353:
264:
231:)-1,3-dimethyl- 7-purine- 2,6-dione
13:
10190:Tetramethylpyrazine (ligustrazine)
8378:Tooltip Serotonin releasing agents
3282:
3098:. 18 February 2024. Archived from
3077:
2891:
2322:. 20 November 2015. Archived from
2202:"A new drug of choice in the Gulf"
1391:from the original on 3 August 2023
1250:
1194:In addition, methods using the per
970:The drug has played a role in the
966:before being destroyed in May 2018
776:Fenethylline is a popular drug in
14:
11205:
6952:Tooltip Dopamine releasing agents
6860:Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
2955:
2928:
1538:
811:In October 2015, a member of the
134:
4583:1-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-aminobutane
3653:Journal of Analytical Toxicology
1628:European Journal of Pharmacology
438:
432:
51:
42:
9073:Monoamine metabolism modulators
5502:2-Phenyl-3,6-dimethylmorpholine
5196:N,alpha-Diethylphenylethylamine
3633:
3574:
3555:
3447:
3434:
3421:
3391:
3372:
3353:
3330:
3311:
3263:
3244:
3226:
3200:
3143:
3058:
3040:
3022:
3003:
2983:
2949:
2922:
2872:
2853:
2835:
2817:
2794:
2776:
2758:
2732:
2598:
2578:
2572:
2554:
2536:
2518:
2500:
2477:
2454:
2436:
2418:
2400:
2381:
2358:
2342:
2304:
2278:
2250:
2222:
2168:
2142:
2095:. 27 April 2021. Archived from
2081:
2055:
2029:
2021:. 28 March 2023. Archived from
2007:
1984:
1961:
1935:
1918:
1689:
1675:10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.08.004
1654:
1412:Dictionary of Organic Compounds
1021:
962:127 bags of Captagon seized in
900:In May 2017, French customs at
861:Arab states of the Persian Gulf
694:
537:Key:NMCHYWGKBADVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
171:
11169:Adenosine receptor antagonists
9806:Tooltip Adenosine triphosphate
6582:Tooltip central nervous system
6097:Troparil (β-CPT, WIN 35,065-2)
4698:2-Amino-1,2-dihydronaphthalene
3712:
3379:Coleman T (15 November 2023).
3207:Anderson S (9 December 2015).
3065:Al Sherbini R (24 July 2021).
2051:(1). MedDocs Publishers: 1017.
1900:"Middle East's drug of choice"
1663:Forensic Science International
1619:
1584:
1481:
1369:
977:In May 2021, the UK newspaper
703:linked with amphetamine by an
444:
426:
160:
147:
1:
11134:Receptor/signaling modulators
9406:8-Phenyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine
9057:Monoamine reuptake inhibitors
9053:Receptor/signaling modulators
3398:Slayton N (8 November 2023).
3360:Solomon J (1 November 2023).
3251:Ecanow N (10 February 2023).
2229:Spencer R (26 October 2015).
2149:Freeman C (12 January 2014).
2121:Holley P (19 November 2015).
1362:
600:of both. It is also spelled
11194:Wakefulness-promoting agents
9391:3-Chlorostyrylcaffeine (CSC)
9009:Adrenergic release blockers:
3270:Sally I (21 February 2023).
3233:Rose C, Söderholm A (2022).
3150:Gotev G (16 November 2023).
2901:Henley J (13 January 2014).
2879:Lopez G (20 November 2015).
2860:Houssari N (25 April 2021).
2045:Annals of Clinical Nutrition
1640:10.1016/0014-2999(70)90192-5
1605:10.1016/0376-8716(86)90011-6
1524:10.1016/0376-8716(86)90012-8
1495:. 9 May 2023. Archived from
1465:Alkhaldi C (11 April 2023).
1079:
891:killed eighty-four civilians
780:, and American media outlet
7:
6842:Dopamine reuptake inhibitor
6206:3,3-Diphenylcyclobutanamine
5746:2-Diphenylmethylpyrrolidine
5633:3,4-Dichloromethylphenidate
5628:2-Methyl-3-phenylpiperidine
3318:Lahav E (29 October 2023).
3292:Gault M (3 November 2023).
2653:Foschini G (10 July 2020).
2257:Baker G (26 October 2015).
2175:Kalin S (12 January 2014).
1968:Wood P (19 November 2022).
1593:Drug and Alcohol Dependence
1512:Drug and Alcohol Dependence
1320:
1107:Synthesis of fenethylline:
10:
11210:
10636:6-Hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone
9228:-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine
6939:Monoamine releasing agents
6854:Norepinephrine transporter
5201:N,N-Dimethylphenethylamine
2365:Sanchez R (21 July 2016).
2348:The Daily Star (Lebanon):
1991:Jalabi R (28 March 2023).
1808:Acta Pharmacologica Sinica
1771:10.1038/s41598-018-35449-6
1387:(published 4 April 2023).
1202:have yielded fenethylline-
725:
664:, and, less commonly, for
639:
416:Chemical and physical data
18:
11127:
10968:
10918:
10806:
10789:
10762:
10684:
10621:
10604:
10215:
9794:
9779:
9176:
9145:
9128:
9045:
8976:
8951:
8890:
8809:
8493:
8462:
8431:
8385:
8371:
8246:
8195:
7757:
7706:
7660:
7646:
7509:
7468:
7056:
7005:
6959:
6945:
6825:Monoamine releasing agent
6801:
6780:
6712:
6681:
6643:
6575:
6519:
6193:
6120:
5922:
5914:Phenylpiracetam hydrazide
5894:
5736:
5608:
5520:
5437:
4573:
4520:
4477:
4419:
4246:
4078:
4045:
3977:
3894:
3831:
3773:8-Cyclopentyltheophylline
3758:
3720:
2933:. Reuters. Archived from
2711:Nadeau BL (1 July 2020).
1820:10.1038/s41401-019-0217-9
902:Charles de Gaulle Airport
887:Mohamed Lahouaiej Bouhlel
685:World Health Organization
670:cardiovascular conditions
604:; other names for it are
545:
520:
500:
488:
466:
453:
420:
415:
396:
364:
344:
324:
304:
284:
259:
239:
215:
210:
124:
119:
94:
82:
64:
59:
50:
41:
11154:Substituted amphetamines
10813:Tooltip Xanthine oxidase
8344:Phthalimidopropiophenone
7617:Phthalimidopropiophenone
4238:Phthalimidopropiophenone
2388:Taylor A (30 May 2017).
889:, a French-Tunisian who
839:scheduled to depart for
786:militant groups in Syria
76:International Drug Names
19:Not to be confused with
10403:UDP-N-acetylglucosamine
6597:Mixed amphetamine salts
5648:4-Methylmethylphenidate
5643:4-Fluoromethylphenidate
4752:β-Phenylmethamphetamine
4708:5-(2-Aminopropyl)indole
4643:4-Fluoromethamphetamine
4598:2-Fluoromethamphetamine
4203:Methylenedioxycathinone
3010:Chulov M (7 May 2021).
1385:Diário Oficial da União
1239:Compound identification
1074:Crocus City Hall attack
722:Abuse and illegal trade
10847:Cinnamomum osmophloeum
9471:Choline theophyllinate
5972:Dichloropane (RTI-111)
4777:3-Benzhydrylmorpholine
4747:β-Methylphenethylamine
4623:3-Fluoroethamphetamine
4608:2-Phenyl-3-aminobutane
3627:10.1002/jccs.200800099
3533:10.1002/ardp.198700045
1352:Theophylline ephedrine
1151:Preparative conditions
1143:to give fenethylline (
1125:1-bromo-2-chloroethane
1108:
967:
866:In December 2015, the
732:Substance use disorder
620:under the brand names
143:(Prohibited substance)
21:Phenethylene (Styrene)
10090:Opiranserin (VVZ-149)
9326:-Cyclopentyladenosine
9077:Monoamine neurotoxins
8701:MDMA (midomafetamine)
8048:Dextromethamphetamine
8003:MDMA (midomafetamine)
7351:MDMA (midomafetamine)
7304:Dextromethamphetamine
6872:Serotonin transporter
6630:Serdexmethylphenidate
6087:Salicylmethylecgonine
5723:Serdexmethylphenidate
5447:3-Fluorophenmetrazine
5146:Dextromethamphetamine
5092:MDMA (midomafetamine)
4678:a-Ethylphenethylamine
4088:3-Fluoromethcathinone
3760:Adenosine antagonists
1904:Le Monde diplomatique
1121:substitution reaction
1106:
1004:4th Armoured Division
961:
10889:Pistacia integerrima
10195:Ligusticum wallichii
10173:Ligusticum wallichii
9411:8-Phenyltheophylline
9401:8-Chlorotheophylline
9341:Neladenoson dalanate
8080:Naphthylaminopropane
7962:4-Hydroxyamphetamine
7607:Naphthylaminopropane
7264:4-Hydroxyamphetamine
6836:Dopamine transporter
6781:Miscellaneous/others
6421:Naphthylaminopropane
5932:4-fluorotropacocaine
5018:5-Iodo-2-aminoindane
5013:4-Hydroxyamphetamine
4850:Dimethoxyamphetamine
4628:3-Methoxyamphetamine
3979:Arylcyclohexylamines
3778:8-Phenyltheophylline
3768:8-Chlorotheophylline
3665:10.1093/jat/21.4.291
3521:Archiv der Pharmazie
3473:10.7759/cureus.55053
3349:on 18 February 2024.
2316:Agence France-Presse
1276:10.7759/cureus.55053
1119:) is alkylated in a
872:north of the country
845:Agence France-Presse
736:Substance dependence
156:(Psychoactive drugs)
8686:MDA (tenamfetamine)
8353:Levopropylhexedrine
8131:Phenylpropanolamine
8053:Levomethamphetamine
7993:MDA (tenamfetamine)
7887:Dimethylamphetamine
7698:Pseudophenmetrazine
7632:Levopropylhexedrine
7341:MDA (tenamfetamine)
7309:Levomethamphetamine
7199:Dimethylamphetamine
6997:Pseudophenmetrazine
6634:+dexmethylphenidate
5507:Pseudophenmetrazine
5319:Phenylpropanolamine
5239:-Norpseudoephedrine
5206:Naphthylamphetamine
5150:Levomethamphetamine
5077:MDA (tenamfetamine)
4919:Ethylnorepinephrine
4855:Dimethylamphetamine
4638:4-Fluoroamphetamine
4633:3-Methylamphetamine
4618:3-Fluoroamphetamine
4593:2-Fluoroamphetamine
3866:Levopropylhexedrine
3102:on 18 February 2024
2790:. 30 November 2020.
2772:. 15 November 2020.
2566:Middle East Monitor
2550:. 26 February 2020.
2394:The Washington Post
2326:on 25 November 2015
2236:The Daily Telegraph
2128:The Washington Post
1880:on 28 December 2021
1722:10.1038/nature23464
1714:2017Natur.548..476W
1166:) in solvent under
1088:A reaction sequence
954:Production in Syria
849:Turkish authorities
794:Syrian intelligence
610:theophylline
38:
11189:Illegal drug trade
11184:1961 introductions
6625:Dexmethylphenidate
5697:Dexmethylphenidate
5683:Isopropylphenidate
5638:4-Benzylpiperidine
5623:2-Benzylpiperidine
5028:Indanylamphetamine
4123:4-Methylpentedrone
4108:4-Methylbuphedrone
3404:Task & Purpose
3188:on 4 November 2023
3131:. 11 December 2023
2937:on 2 February 2017
2849:. 3 February 2021.
2689:. London: NBC News
2663:(in Italian). Rome
2641:(in Italian). Rome
2450:. 12 January 2018.
2336:The Times of India
1980:on 6 January 2023.
1864:The New York Times
1759:Scientific Reports
1569:10.1111/bcpt.12584
1200:1,2-dichloroethane
1109:
1029:Muslim Brotherhood
996:The New York Times
968:
922:Guardia di Finanza
847:reported that the
813:Saudi royal family
740:Illegal drug trade
28:
11141:
11140:
10964:
10963:
10941:Mycophenolic acid
10800:
10785:
10784:
10615:
10600:
10599:
10596:
10595:
10167:Angelica sinensis
9209:2-Chloroadenosine
9139:
9085:
9084:
9080:
8972:
8971:
8367:
8366:
8149:Propylamphetamine
7973:Iofetamine (123I)
7820:Dextroamphetamine
7642:
7641:
7435:Propylamphetamine
7269:Iofetamine (123I)
7118:Dextroamphetamine
6905:
6904:
6605:Dextroamphetamine
6569:pharmacotherapies
6532:
6531:
6471:Rubidium chloride
5942:Altropane (IACFT)
5856:Indapyrophenidone
5678:Methylnaphthidate
5439:Phenylmorpholines
5359:Propylamphetamine
5238:
5050:
4839:
4727:Dextroamphetamine
4218:N-Ethylbuphedrone
4158:Dimethylcathinone
4113:4-Methylcathinone
3871:Methylhexaneamine
3527:(12): 1272–1275.
2831:. 6 January 2021.
2770:Egypt Independent
2532:. 21 August 2019.
2488:. London: Reuters
2465:. London: Reuters
2003:on 28 March 2023.
1708:(7668): 476–479.
1448:978-3-88763-075-1
1422:978-0-412-54090-5
1379:(31 March 2023).
1036:New York Magazine
806:Arabian Peninsula
563:
562:
479:Interactive image
366:CompTox Dashboard
199:
187:
174:
163:
151:
138:
11201:
10814:
10810:
10804:
10803:
10794:
10770:
10766:
10692:
10688:
10629:
10625:
10619:
10618:
10609:
10003:Rheum officinale
9807:
9803:
9792:
9791:
9451:Caffeine citrate
9396:7-Methylxanthine
9199:-methyladenosine
9143:
9142:
9133:
9112:
9105:
9098:
9089:
9088:
9047:
8999:Antagonist-like:
8671:Levofenfluramine
8581:Chlorphentermine
8498:Phenethylamines:
8470:4-Methylaminorex
8383:
8382:
8379:
8375:
8334:Methylhexanamine
8165:
8121:Phenpromethamine
7978:Lisdexamfetamine
7762:Phenethylamines:
7658:
7657:
7654:
7650:
7602:Methylhexanamine
7425:Phenpromethamine
7274:Lisdexamfetamine
7061:Phenethylamines:
6957:
6956:
6953:
6949:
6932:
6925:
6918:
6909:
6908:
6802:Related articles
6648:
6609:Lisdexamfetamine
6583:
6579:
6568:
6559:
6552:
6545:
6536:
6535:
5952:CFT (WIN 35,428)
5937:4'-Fluorococaine
5801:Diphenylprolinol
5668:Ethylnaphthidate
5663:Diphenylpyraline
5299:Phenpromethamine
5236:
5171:Methoxyphenamine
5161:Methoxyphenamine
5062:Lisdexamfetamine
5048:
4962:Levofenfluramine
4837:
4797:Chlorphentermine
4530:4-Methylaminorex
4223:N-Ethylhexedrone
3707:
3700:
3693:
3684:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3647:
3641:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3503:
3495:
3485:
3475:
3451:
3445:
3438:
3432:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3412:
3410:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3345:. Archived from
3334:
3328:
3327:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3289:
3280:
3279:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3184:. Archived from
3173:
3160:
3159:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3121:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3086:
3075:
3074:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2898:
2889:
2888:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2708:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2682:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2628:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2568:. 30 April 2020.
2558:
2552:
2551:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2530:Arabian Business
2522:
2516:
2515:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2362:
2356:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2118:
2105:
2104:
2099:on 19 May 2023.
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2042:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2025:on 4 April 2023.
2011:
2005:
2004:
1999:. Archived from
1988:
1982:
1981:
1976:. Archived from
1965:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1879:
1874:. Archived from
1855:
1842:
1841:
1831:
1814:(9): 1138–1156.
1799:
1793:
1792:
1782:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1733:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1669:(2–3): 185–188.
1658:
1652:
1651:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1599:(2–3): 235–257.
1588:
1582:
1581:
1571:
1547:
1536:
1535:
1518:(2–3): 259–271.
1507:
1501:
1500:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1473:. Archived from
1462:
1453:
1452:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1373:
1316:
1310:
1302:
1288:
1278:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1016:The Syria Report
972:Syrian civil war
825:airport security
821:drug trafficking
710:Fenethylline is
679:, and it became
609:
607:
596:and so a mutual
559:
558:
551:
481:
461:
446:
440:
434:
428:
411:
400:
389:
388:
374:
372:
357:
337:
317:
297:
277:
267:
266:
252:
197:
194:
185:
182:
173:
170:
162:
159:
149:
146:
136:
133:
111:
78:
55:
46:
39:
36:
34:
27:
11209:
11208:
11204:
11203:
11202:
11200:
11199:
11198:
11144:
11143:
11142:
11137:
11123:
10960:
10914:
10812:
10793:
10781:
10768:
10758:
10754:Propentofylline
10704:Benzodiazepines
10690:
10680:
10627:
10608:
10592:
10211:
10162:Sodium ferulate
10130:Radix puerariae
10105:Phenolphthalein
9805:
9798:
9783:
9775:
9656:Propentofylline
9556:Isovaleric acid
9180:
9172:
9132:
9124:
9119:Purine receptor
9116:
9086:
9081:
9041:
8984:DAT modulators:
8968:
8947:
8886:
8805:
8761:Norfenfluramine
8606:Dexfenfluramine
8489:
8458:
8436:Aminotetralins:
8427:
8377:
8363:
8349:Propylhexedrine
8242:
8191:
8163:
8154:Pseudoephedrine
8043:Methamphetamine
7825:Levoamphetamine
7753:
7702:
7688:Phendimetrazine
7652:
7638:
7627:Propylhexedrine
7622:Phenylbiguanide
7505:
7464:
7440:Pseudoephedrine
7299:Methamphetamine
7123:Levoamphetamine
7052:
7001:
6987:Phendimetrazine
6951:
6941:
6936:
6906:
6901:
6797:
6776:
6714:Antidepressants
6708:
6689:
6686:
6677:
6645:
6639:
6620:Methylphenidate
6615:Methamphetamine
6601:Levoamphetamine
6581:
6571:
6563:
6533:
6528:
6515:
6416:Methiopropamine
6189:
6116:
6042:RTI-121 (IPCIT)
5918:
5909:Phenylpiracetam
5890:
5732:
5718:Propylphenidate
5693:Methylphenidate
5653:Desoxypipradrol
5604:
5516:
5492:Phendimetrazine
5433:
5409:Tranylcypromine
5364:Pseudoephedrine
5231:Normetanephrine
5226:Norfenfluramine
5142:Methamphetamine
4958:Dexfenfluramine
4731:Levoamphetamine
4713:2-Aminotetralin
4575:Phenethylamines
4569:
4516:
4473:
4415:
4242:
4183:Isoethcathinone
4074:
4041:
3973:
3890:
3881:Propylhexedrine
3827:
3754:
3716:
3711:
3681:
3680:
3648:
3644:
3638:
3634:
3611:
3607:
3600:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3579:
3575:
3568:
3560:
3556:
3517:
3513:
3497:
3496:
3452:
3448:
3439:
3435:
3426:
3422:
3408:
3406:
3396:
3392:
3377:
3373:
3358:
3354:
3335:
3331:
3316:
3312:
3302:
3300:
3290:
3283:
3268:
3264:
3249:
3245:
3237:
3231:
3227:
3217:
3215:
3205:
3201:
3191:
3189:
3174:
3163:
3148:
3144:
3134:
3132:
3123:
3122:
3115:
3105:
3103:
3088:
3087:
3078:
3063:
3059:
3054:. 30 June 2021.
3046:
3045:
3041:
3036:. 26 June 2021.
3028:
3027:
3023:
3008:
3004:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2974:
2972:
2954:
2950:
2940:
2938:
2927:
2923:
2913:
2911:
2899:
2892:
2877:
2873:
2858:
2854:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2808:
2806:
2799:
2795:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2749:
2747:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2723:
2721:
2718:The Daily Beast
2709:
2702:
2692:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2666:
2664:
2644:
2642:
2629:
2622:
2612:
2610:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2587:
2577:
2573:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2514:. 24 July 2019.
2506:
2505:
2501:
2491:
2489:
2482:
2478:
2468:
2466:
2459:
2455:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2386:
2382:
2372:
2370:
2363:
2359:
2347:
2343:
2329:
2327:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2295:
2293:
2283:
2279:
2269:
2267:
2264:The Independent
2255:
2251:
2241:
2239:
2227:
2223:
2213:
2211:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2185:
2183:
2173:
2169:
2159:
2157:
2147:
2143:
2133:
2131:
2119:
2108:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2072:
2070:
2060:
2056:
2040:
2034:
2030:
2013:
2012:
2008:
1997:Financial Times
1989:
1985:
1966:
1962:
1952:
1950:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1909:
1907:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1883:
1881:
1856:
1845:
1800:
1796:
1751:
1747:
1694:
1690:
1659:
1655:
1624:
1620:
1589:
1585:
1548:
1539:
1508:
1504:
1499:on 5 June 2023.
1493:Al Jazeera News
1487:
1486:
1482:
1477:on 17 May 2023.
1463:
1456:
1449:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1394:
1392:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1323:
1304:
1303:
1253:
1251:Further reading
1241:
1233:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1192:
1153:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1082:
1024:
1006:, commanded by
956:
878:were seized at
790:Bashar al-Assad
742:
728:Substance abuse
724:
697:
642:
618:psychostimulant
554:
552:
549:(what is this?)
546:
541:
538:
533:
528:
527:
516:
513:
508:
507:
495:Racemic mixture
484:
459:
449:
443:
437:
431:
392:
368:
360:
340:
320:
300:
280:
263:
255:
235:
232:
223:
222:
206:
115:
85:
31:
30:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
11207:
11197:
11196:
11191:
11186:
11181:
11176:
11171:
11166:
11161:
11156:
11139:
11138:
11128:
11125:
11124:
11122:
11121:
11107:
11106:
11101:
11096:
11091:
11086:
11081:
11076:
11071:
11066:
11061:
11056:
11051:
11046:
11041:
11036:
11031:
11026:
11021:
11016:
11011:
11006:
11001:
10996:
10991:
10986:
10981:
10972:
10970:
10966:
10965:
10962:
10961:
10959:
10958:
10953:
10948:
10943:
10938:
10933:
10928:
10922:
10920:
10916:
10915:
10913:
10912:
10907:
10902:
10897:
10892:
10885:
10880:
10875:
10870:
10865:
10860:
10855:
10850:
10843:
10841:Cinnamaldehyde
10838:
10833:
10828:
10823:
10817:
10815:
10801:
10787:
10786:
10783:
10782:
10780:
10779:
10773:
10771:
10760:
10759:
10757:
10756:
10751:
10746:
10744:Pentoxifylline
10741:
10736:
10731:
10726:
10721:
10716:
10711:
10706:
10701:
10695:
10693:
10682:
10681:
10679:
10678:
10673:
10668:
10663:
10658:
10653:
10648:
10643:
10638:
10632:
10630:
10616:
10602:
10601:
10598:
10597:
10594:
10593:
10591:
10590:
10585:
10580:
10575:
10570:
10565:
10560:
10555:
10550:
10545:
10540:
10535:
10530:
10525:
10520:
10515:
10510:
10505:
10500:
10495:
10490:
10485:
10480:
10475:
10470:
10465:
10460:
10455:
10450:
10445:
10440:
10435:
10430:
10421:
10420:
10415:
10410:
10405:
10400:
10395:
10390:
10385:
10380:
10375:
10370:
10365:
10360:
10355:
10350:
10345:
10340:
10335:
10330:
10325:
10320:
10315:
10310:
10305:
10300:
10295:
10290:
10285:
10280:
10275:
10270:
10265:
10260:
10255:
10250:
10245:
10240:
10235:
10230:
10221:
10219:
10213:
10212:
10210:
10209:
10204:
10199:
10187:
10182:
10177:
10159:
10154:
10149:
10144:
10139:
10134:
10122:
10117:
10112:
10107:
10102:
10097:
10092:
10087:
10082:
10077:
10072:
10067:
10062:
10057:
10052:
10047:
10042:
10037:
10032:
10027:
10022:
10017:
10012:
10007:
9995:
9990:
9985:
9980:
9975:
9970:
9965:
9960:
9955:
9950:
9945:
9940:
9935:
9930:
9921:
9920:
9915:
9910:
9905:
9900:
9895:
9890:
9885:
9880:
9875:
9870:
9865:
9860:
9855:
9850:
9845:
9840:
9835:
9830:
9825:
9820:
9811:
9809:
9789:
9777:
9776:
9774:
9773:
9768:
9763:
9758:
9753:
9748:
9743:
9738:
9733:
9728:
9723:
9718:
9713:
9708:
9703:
9698:
9693:
9688:
9683:
9678:
9673:
9668:
9663:
9658:
9653:
9648:
9646:Pentoxifylline
9643:
9638:
9633:
9628:
9623:
9618:
9613:
9608:
9603:
9598:
9593:
9588:
9583:
9578:
9573:
9568:
9563:
9561:Istradefylline
9558:
9553:
9548:
9543:
9538:
9533:
9528:
9523:
9518:
9513:
9508:
9503:
9498:
9493:
9488:
9483:
9478:
9473:
9468:
9463:
9458:
9453:
9448:
9443:
9438:
9433:
9428:
9423:
9418:
9413:
9408:
9403:
9398:
9393:
9384:
9383:
9378:
9373:
9368:
9363:
9358:
9353:
9348:
9343:
9338:
9333:
9328:
9320:
9315:
9310:
9305:
9300:
9295:
9290:
9285:
9280:
9275:
9270:
9265:
9260:
9255:
9250:
9245:
9240:
9235:
9230:
9221:
9216:
9211:
9206:
9201:
9195:2-(1-Hexynyl)-
9188:
9186:
9174:
9173:
9171:
9170:
9165:
9163:8-Aminoadenine
9156:
9154:
9140:
9126:
9125:
9115:
9114:
9107:
9100:
9092:
9083:
9082:
9046:
9043:
9042:
9040:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9005:
9004:
8992:
8980:
8978:
8974:
8973:
8970:
8969:
8967:
8966:
8961:
8952:
8949:
8948:
8946:
8945:
8940:
8935:
8930:
8925:
8920:
8915:
8910:
8905:
8900:
8891:
8888:
8887:
8885:
8884:
8879:
8874:
8869:
8864:
8859:
8854:
8849:
8844:
8839:
8834:
8829:
8824:
8819:
8810:
8807:
8806:
8804:
8803:
8798:
8793:
8788:
8783:
8778:
8773:
8768:
8763:
8758:
8753:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8733:
8728:
8723:
8718:
8713:
8708:
8703:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8683:
8678:
8673:
8668:
8663:
8658:
8653:
8648:
8643:
8638:
8633:
8628:
8623:
8618:
8613:
8608:
8603:
8598:
8596:Metamfepramone
8593:
8588:
8583:
8578:
8573:
8568:
8563:
8558:
8553:
8548:
8543:
8538:
8533:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8513:
8508:
8503:
8494:
8491:
8490:
8488:
8487:
8482:
8477:
8472:
8463:
8460:
8459:
8457:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8441:
8432:
8429:
8428:
8426:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8386:
8380:
8369:
8368:
8365:
8364:
8362:
8361:
8359:Tuaminoheptane
8356:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8326:
8321:
8316:
8311:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8289:Cyclopentamine
8286:
8281:
8276:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8247:
8244:
8243:
8241:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8196:
8193:
8192:
8190:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8156:
8151:
8146:
8141:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8111:Phenethylamine
8108:
8103:
8095:
8087:
8082:
8077:
8072:
8067:
8062:
8057:
8056:
8055:
8050:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8008:Metamfepramone
8005:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7964:
7959:
7954:
7949:
7944:
7939:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7922:Etilamfetamine
7919:
7914:
7909:
7904:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7884:
7879:
7874:
7869:
7864:
7859:
7854:
7849:
7844:
7839:
7834:
7829:
7828:
7827:
7822:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7758:
7755:
7754:
7752:
7751:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7707:
7704:
7703:
7701:
7700:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7661:
7655:
7644:
7643:
7640:
7639:
7637:
7636:
7635:
7634:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7557:Cyclopentamine
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7510:
7507:
7506:
7504:
7503:
7498:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7469:
7466:
7465:
7463:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7415:Phenethylamine
7412:
7407:
7399:
7391:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7312:
7311:
7306:
7296:
7294:Metamfepramone
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7224:Etilamfetamine
7221:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7120:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7057:
7054:
7053:
7051:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7006:
7003:
7002:
7000:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6960:
6954:
6943:
6942:
6935:
6934:
6927:
6920:
6912:
6903:
6902:
6900:
6899:
6893:
6887:
6881:
6875:
6869:
6863:
6857:
6851:
6848:Norepinephrine
6845:
6839:
6833:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6805:
6803:
6799:
6798:
6796:
6795:
6790:
6784:
6782:
6778:
6777:
6775:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6718:
6716:
6710:
6709:
6707:
6706:
6701:
6695:
6693:
6684:
6679:
6678:
6676:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6654:
6652:
6641:
6640:
6638:
6637:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6589:
6587:
6573:
6572:
6562:
6561:
6554:
6547:
6539:
6530:
6529:
6520:
6517:
6516:
6514:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6411:Methastyridone
6408:
6406:Methamnetamine
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6211:Amfonelic acid
6208:
6203:
6197:
6195:
6191:
6190:
6188:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6126:
6124:
6118:
6117:
6115:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5957:β-CIT (RTI-55)
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5928:
5926:
5920:
5919:
5917:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5900:
5898:
5892:
5891:
5889:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5742:
5740:
5734:
5733:
5731:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5673:Ethylphenidate
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5614:
5612:
5606:
5605:
5603:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5526:
5524:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5443:
5441:
5435:
5434:
5432:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5378:Levosalbutamol
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5216:Norepinephrine
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4924:Etilamfetamine
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4579:
4577:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4526:
4524:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4483:
4481:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4425:
4423:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4252:
4250:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4084:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4051:
4049:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3992:Dieticyclidine
3989:
3983:
3981:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3900:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3886:Tuaminoheptane
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3841:Cyclopentamine
3837:
3835:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3803:Istradefylline
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3764:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3726:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3710:
3709:
3702:
3695:
3687:
3679:
3678:
3659:(4): 291–296.
3642:
3640:2008, op. cit.
3632:
3621:(3): 663–667.
3605:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3573:
3554:
3511:
3446:
3433:
3420:
3390:
3371:
3352:
3329:
3310:
3281:
3262:
3243:
3225:
3199:
3161:
3142:
3113:
3076:
3057:
3039:
3021:
3002:
2999:. 4 June 2022.
2982:
2948:
2921:
2890:
2871:
2852:
2834:
2816:
2793:
2775:
2757:
2731:
2700:
2674:
2620:
2597:
2571:
2553:
2535:
2517:
2499:
2476:
2453:
2435:
2417:
2414:. 30 May 2017.
2399:
2380:
2357:
2341:
2303:
2277:
2249:
2221:
2210:. 18 July 2017
2193:
2167:
2141:
2106:
2080:
2054:
2028:
2006:
1983:
1960:
1947:www.abc.net.au
1934:
1917:
1891:
1843:
1794:
1745:
1688:
1653:
1634:(1): 123–128.
1618:
1583:
1562:(2): 133–140.
1537:
1502:
1480:
1454:
1447:
1428:
1421:
1402:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1252:
1249:
1240:
1237:
1231:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1191:
1188:
1152:
1149:
1089:
1086:
1081:
1078:
1023:
1020:
1008:Maher al-Assad
955:
952:
880:Beirut Airport
855:region on the
819:on charges of
723:
720:
696:
693:
641:
638:
561:
560:
543:
542:
540:
539:
536:
534:
531:
523:
522:
521:
518:
517:
515:
514:
511:
503:
502:
501:
498:
497:
492:
486:
485:
483:
482:
474:
472:
464:
463:
457:
451:
450:
447:
441:
435:
429:
424:
418:
417:
413:
412:
402:
394:
393:
391:
390:
382:DTXSID50859686
377:
375:
362:
361:
359:
358:
350:
348:
342:
341:
339:
338:
330:
328:
322:
321:
319:
318:
310:
308:
302:
301:
299:
298:
290:
288:
282:
281:
279:
278:
270:
268:
257:
256:
254:
253:
245:
243:
237:
236:
234:
233:
226:
218:
217:
216:
213:
212:
208:
207:
205:
204:
192:
180:
168:
157:
144:
130:
128:
122:
121:
117:
116:
114:
113:
100:
98:
92:
91:
88:
86:administration
80:
79:
72:
62:
61:
57:
56:
48:
47:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11206:
11195:
11192:
11190:
11187:
11185:
11182:
11180:
11177:
11175:
11172:
11170:
11167:
11165:
11162:
11160:
11157:
11155:
11152:
11151:
11149:
11136:
11135:
11132:
11126:
11119:
11115:
11112:
11109:
11108:
11105:
11102:
11100:
11097:
11095:
11092:
11090:
11087:
11085:
11082:
11080:
11077:
11075:
11072:
11070:
11067:
11065:
11062:
11060:
11057:
11055:
11052:
11050:
11047:
11045:
11042:
11040:
11037:
11035:
11032:
11030:
11027:
11025:
11022:
11020:
11017:
11015:
11012:
11010:
11007:
11005:
11002:
11000:
10997:
10995:
10992:
10990:
10987:
10985:
10982:
10980:
10977:
10974:
10973:
10971:
10967:
10957:
10954:
10952:
10949:
10947:
10944:
10942:
10939:
10937:
10934:
10932:
10929:
10927:
10924:
10923:
10921:
10917:
10911:
10908:
10906:
10903:
10901:
10898:
10896:
10893:
10891:
10890:
10886:
10884:
10881:
10879:
10876:
10874:
10871:
10869:
10866:
10864:
10861:
10859:
10856:
10854:
10851:
10849:
10848:
10844:
10842:
10839:
10837:
10834:
10832:
10831:Benzbromarone
10829:
10827:
10824:
10822:
10819:
10818:
10816:
10811:
10805:
10802:
10798:
10792:
10788:
10778:
10775:
10774:
10772:
10767:
10761:
10755:
10752:
10750:
10747:
10745:
10742:
10740:
10737:
10735:
10732:
10730:
10727:
10725:
10722:
10720:
10717:
10715:
10712:
10710:
10707:
10705:
10702:
10700:
10697:
10696:
10694:
10689:
10683:
10677:
10674:
10672:
10669:
10667:
10664:
10662:
10659:
10657:
10654:
10652:
10649:
10647:
10644:
10642:
10639:
10637:
10634:
10633:
10631:
10626:
10620:
10617:
10613:
10607:
10603:
10589:
10586:
10584:
10581:
10579:
10576:
10574:
10571:
10569:
10566:
10564:
10561:
10559:
10556:
10554:
10551:
10549:
10546:
10544:
10541:
10539:
10536:
10534:
10531:
10529:
10526:
10524:
10521:
10519:
10516:
10514:
10511:
10509:
10506:
10504:
10501:
10499:
10496:
10494:
10491:
10489:
10486:
10484:
10481:
10479:
10476:
10474:
10471:
10469:
10466:
10464:
10463:AR-C 118925XX
10461:
10459:
10456:
10454:
10451:
10449:
10446:
10444:
10441:
10439:
10436:
10434:
10431:
10429:
10426:
10423:
10422:
10419:
10416:
10414:
10411:
10409:
10406:
10404:
10401:
10399:
10396:
10394:
10393:UDP-galactose
10391:
10389:
10386:
10384:
10381:
10379:
10376:
10374:
10371:
10369:
10366:
10364:
10361:
10359:
10356:
10354:
10351:
10349:
10346:
10344:
10341:
10339:
10336:
10334:
10331:
10329:
10326:
10324:
10321:
10319:
10316:
10314:
10311:
10309:
10306:
10304:
10301:
10299:
10296:
10294:
10291:
10289:
10286:
10284:
10281:
10279:
10276:
10274:
10271:
10269:
10266:
10264:
10261:
10259:
10256:
10254:
10251:
10249:
10246:
10244:
10241:
10239:
10236:
10234:
10231:
10229:
10226:
10223:
10222:
10220:
10218:
10214:
10208:
10205:
10203:
10200:
10197:
10196:
10191:
10188:
10186:
10183:
10181:
10178:
10175:
10174:
10169:
10168:
10163:
10160:
10158:
10155:
10153:
10150:
10148:
10145:
10143:
10140:
10138:
10135:
10132:
10131:
10126:
10123:
10121:
10118:
10116:
10113:
10111:
10108:
10106:
10103:
10101:
10098:
10096:
10093:
10091:
10088:
10086:
10083:
10081:
10078:
10076:
10073:
10071:
10068:
10066:
10063:
10061:
10058:
10056:
10053:
10051:
10048:
10046:
10043:
10041:
10038:
10036:
10033:
10031:
10028:
10026:
10023:
10021:
10018:
10016:
10013:
10011:
10008:
10005:
10004:
9999:
9996:
9994:
9991:
9989:
9988:Chelerythrine
9986:
9984:
9983:Calmidazolium
9981:
9979:
9976:
9974:
9971:
9969:
9966:
9964:
9961:
9959:
9956:
9954:
9951:
9949:
9946:
9944:
9941:
9939:
9936:
9934:
9931:
9929:
9926:
9923:
9922:
9919:
9916:
9914:
9911:
9909:
9906:
9904:
9901:
9899:
9896:
9894:
9891:
9889:
9886:
9884:
9881:
9879:
9876:
9874:
9871:
9869:
9868:Cibacron blue
9866:
9864:
9861:
9859:
9856:
9854:
9851:
9849:
9846:
9844:
9841:
9839:
9836:
9834:
9831:
9829:
9826:
9824:
9821:
9819:
9816:
9813:
9812:
9810:
9804:
9797:
9793:
9790:
9787:
9782:
9778:
9772:
9769:
9767:
9764:
9762:
9759:
9757:
9754:
9752:
9749:
9747:
9744:
9742:
9741:Theodrenaline
9739:
9737:
9734:
9732:
9729:
9727:
9724:
9722:
9721:Sipagladenant
9719:
9717:
9714:
9712:
9709:
9707:
9704:
9702:
9699:
9697:
9694:
9692:
9689:
9687:
9684:
9682:
9679:
9677:
9674:
9672:
9669:
9667:
9664:
9662:
9661:Proxyphylline
9659:
9657:
9654:
9652:
9649:
9647:
9644:
9642:
9639:
9637:
9634:
9632:
9629:
9627:
9624:
9622:
9619:
9617:
9614:
9612:
9609:
9607:
9604:
9602:
9599:
9597:
9594:
9592:
9589:
9587:
9584:
9582:
9579:
9577:
9574:
9572:
9569:
9567:
9564:
9562:
9559:
9557:
9554:
9552:
9549:
9547:
9544:
9542:
9539:
9537:
9534:
9532:
9529:
9527:
9524:
9522:
9519:
9517:
9514:
9512:
9509:
9507:
9504:
9502:
9499:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9489:
9487:
9484:
9482:
9479:
9477:
9474:
9472:
9469:
9467:
9464:
9462:
9459:
9457:
9454:
9452:
9449:
9447:
9444:
9442:
9439:
9437:
9434:
9432:
9429:
9427:
9424:
9422:
9421:Aminophylline
9419:
9417:
9414:
9412:
9409:
9407:
9404:
9402:
9399:
9397:
9394:
9392:
9389:
9386:
9385:
9382:
9379:
9377:
9374:
9372:
9369:
9367:
9364:
9362:
9359:
9357:
9354:
9352:
9349:
9347:
9344:
9342:
9339:
9337:
9334:
9332:
9329:
9327:
9325:
9321:
9319:
9316:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9306:
9304:
9301:
9299:
9296:
9294:
9291:
9289:
9286:
9284:
9281:
9279:
9276:
9274:
9271:
9269:
9266:
9264:
9261:
9259:
9256:
9254:
9251:
9249:
9246:
9244:
9241:
9239:
9236:
9234:
9231:
9229:
9227:
9222:
9220:
9217:
9215:
9212:
9210:
9207:
9205:
9202:
9200:
9198:
9193:
9190:
9189:
9187:
9184:
9179:
9175:
9169:
9166:
9164:
9161:
9158:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9148:
9144:
9141:
9137:
9131:
9127:
9123:
9120:
9113:
9108:
9106:
9101:
9099:
9094:
9093:
9090:
9079:
9078:
9074:
9070:
9069:Serotonergics
9066:
9065:Dopaminergics
9062:
9058:
9054:
9051:
9044:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9010:
9007:
9006:
9003:
9000:
8996:
8993:
8991:
8988:
8987:Agonist-like:
8985:
8982:
8981:
8979:
8975:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8954:
8953:
8950:
8944:
8941:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8926:
8924:
8921:
8919:
8916:
8914:
8911:
8909:
8906:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8893:
8892:
8889:
8883:
8880:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8868:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8855:
8853:
8850:
8848:
8845:
8843:
8840:
8838:
8835:
8833:
8830:
8828:
8825:
8823:
8820:
8818:
8815:
8812:
8811:
8808:
8802:
8799:
8797:
8794:
8792:
8789:
8787:
8784:
8782:
8779:
8777:
8774:
8772:
8769:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8699:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8672:
8669:
8667:
8664:
8662:
8659:
8657:
8654:
8652:
8649:
8647:
8644:
8642:
8639:
8637:
8634:
8632:
8629:
8627:
8624:
8622:
8619:
8617:
8614:
8612:
8609:
8607:
8604:
8602:
8599:
8597:
8594:
8592:
8589:
8587:
8584:
8582:
8579:
8577:
8574:
8572:
8569:
8567:
8564:
8562:
8559:
8557:
8554:
8552:
8549:
8547:
8544:
8542:
8539:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8514:
8512:
8509:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8496:
8495:
8492:
8486:
8483:
8481:
8478:
8476:
8473:
8471:
8468:
8465:
8464:
8461:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8437:
8434:
8433:
8430:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8390:Aminoindanes:
8388:
8387:
8384:
8381:
8376:
8370:
8360:
8357:
8354:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8342:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8329:Isometheptene
8327:
8325:
8322:
8320:
8319:Hexacyclonate
8317:
8315:
8312:
8310:
8307:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8297:
8295:
8292:
8290:
8287:
8285:
8282:
8280:
8277:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8249:
8248:
8245:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8206:
8204:
8201:
8198:
8197:
8194:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8182:Xylopropamine
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8167:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8138:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8102:
8100:
8096:
8094:
8092:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8078:
8076:
8073:
8071:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8060:Methcathinone
8058:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8045:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8038:Mephentermine
8036:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7968:
7965:
7963:
7960:
7958:
7955:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7930:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7890:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7853:
7850:
7848:
7847:Benzphetamine
7845:
7843:
7840:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7817:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7760:
7759:
7756:
7750:
7747:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7709:
7708:
7705:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7693:Phenmetrazine
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7663:
7662:
7659:
7656:
7651:
7645:
7633:
7630:
7629:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7597:Isometheptene
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7587:Hexacyclonate
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7512:
7511:
7508:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7471:
7470:
7467:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7455:Xylopropamine
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7404:
7400:
7398:
7396:
7392:
7390:
7388:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7316:Methcathinone
7314:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7301:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7149:Benzphetamine
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7059:
7058:
7055:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7008:
7007:
7004:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6992:Phenmetrazine
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6962:
6961:
6958:
6955:
6950:
6944:
6940:
6933:
6928:
6926:
6921:
6919:
6914:
6913:
6910:
6897:
6894:
6891:
6888:
6885:
6882:
6879:
6876:
6873:
6870:
6867:
6864:
6861:
6858:
6855:
6852:
6849:
6846:
6843:
6840:
6837:
6834:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6810:
6807:
6806:
6804:
6800:
6794:
6793:Carbamazepine
6791:
6789:
6786:
6785:
6783:
6779:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6762:Nortriptyline
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6722:Amitriptyline
6720:
6719:
6717:
6715:
6711:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6696:
6694:
6692:
6688:
6687:-adrenoceptor
6680:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6655:
6653:
6651:
6644:Non-classical
6642:
6635:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6610:
6606:
6602:
6598:
6594:
6591:
6590:
6588:
6586:
6580:
6574:
6570:
6560:
6555:
6553:
6548:
6546:
6541:
6540:
6537:
6527:
6523:
6518:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6491:Thiopropamine
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6391:Meclofenoxate
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6341:Hexacyclonate
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6256:Centanafadine
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6198:
6196:
6192:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6127:
6125:
6123:
6119:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5992:Ioflupane (I)
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5929:
5927:
5925:
5921:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5897:
5893:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5739:
5735:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5708:Phacetoperane
5706:
5704:
5701:
5698:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5611:
5607:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5523:
5519:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5497:Phenmetrazine
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5440:
5436:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5424:Xylopropamine
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5399:Theodrenaline
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5379:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5314:Phenylephrine
5312:
5310:
5309:Phenylalanine
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5249:Orciprenaline
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5151:
5147:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5122:Mephentermine
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5052:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4762:Benzphetamine
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4703:2-Aminoindane
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
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4591:
4589:
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4584:
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4580:
4578:
4576:
4572:
4566:
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4533:
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4528:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4519:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
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4484:
4482:
4480:
4476:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4412:
4409:
4407:
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4402:
4399:
4397:
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4392:
4389:
4387:
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4379:
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4364:
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4332:
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4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
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4299:
4297:
4294:
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4289:
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4284:
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4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
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4251:
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4245:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4193:Methcathinone
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4032:Tenocyclidine
4030:
4028:
4027:Rolicyclidine
4025:
4023:
4022:Phencyclidine
4020:
4018:
4017:Phencyclamine
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3987:Benocyclidine
3985:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3976:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3861:Isometheptene
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3830:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3783:Aminophylline
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3708:
3703:
3701:
3696:
3694:
3689:
3688:
3685:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3646:
3636:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3609:
3583:
3577:
3564:
3558:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3523:(in German).
3522:
3515:
3507:
3501:
3493:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3466:(2): e55053.
3465:
3461:
3457:
3450:
3443:
3437:
3430:
3424:
3417:
3405:
3401:
3394:
3386:
3382:
3375:
3367:
3363:
3356:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3333:
3325:
3321:
3314:
3299:
3295:
3288:
3286:
3277:
3273:
3266:
3258:
3254:
3247:
3236:
3229:
3214:
3213:Intelligencer
3210:
3203:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3157:
3156:Euractive.com
3153:
3146:
3130:
3126:
3120:
3118:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3072:
3068:
3061:
3053:
3049:
3043:
3035:
3034:Saudi Gazette
3031:
3025:
3017:
3013:
3006:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2986:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2952:
2936:
2932:
2925:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2897:
2895:
2886:
2882:
2875:
2867:
2863:
2856:
2848:
2844:
2838:
2830:
2826:
2820:
2804:
2797:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2771:
2767:
2761:
2746:. 1 July 2020
2745:
2741:
2735:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2707:
2705:
2688:
2681:
2679:
2662:
2661:
2660:La Repubblica
2656:
2640:
2639:
2638:La Repubblica
2634:
2627:
2625:
2608:
2601:
2586:
2585:www.aa.com.tr
2582:
2575:
2567:
2563:
2557:
2549:
2548:Khaleej Times
2545:
2539:
2531:
2527:
2521:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2487:
2480:
2464:
2457:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2413:
2409:
2403:
2395:
2391:
2384:
2368:
2361:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2337:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2292:
2288:
2281:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2253:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2225:
2209:
2208:
2207:The Economist
2203:
2197:
2182:
2178:
2171:
2156:
2155:The Telegraph
2152:
2145:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2069:
2065:
2058:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1987:
1979:
1975:
1974:The Spectator
1971:
1964:
1949:. 2 July 2020
1948:
1944:
1938:
1927:
1921:
1906:. 1 July 2023
1905:
1901:
1895:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1839:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1798:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1749:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1622:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1587:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1506:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1461:
1459:
1450:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1432:
1424:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1406:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1368:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1347:Theodrenaline
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1314:
1308:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1269:(2): e55053.
1268:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1254:
1248:
1246:
1236:
1234:
1228:fenethylline-
1226:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1201:
1197:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1105:
1096:
1085:
1077:
1075:
1070:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
990:
986:
982:
981:
975:
973:
965:
960:
951:
949:
944:
942:
938:
933:
931:
927:
923:
919:
914:
911:
906:
903:
898:
896:
892:
888:
883:
881:
877:
873:
869:
868:Lebanese Army
864:
862:
858:
857:Syrian border
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
809:
807:
803:
797:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
774:
772:
766:
764:
760:
756:
751:
747:
741:
737:
733:
729:
719:
717:
713:
708:
706:
702:
692:
690:
686:
682:
678:
673:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
608:oethyl
603:
602:phenethylline
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
557:
550:
544:
535:
530:
529:
526:
519:
510:
509:
506:
499:
496:
493:
491:
487:
480:
476:
475:
473:
470:
465:
458:
456:
452:
425:
423:
419:
414:
410:
406:
403:
401:
399:ECHA InfoCard
395:
387:
383:
379:
378:
376:
367:
363:
356:
352:
351:
349:
347:
343:
336:
332:
331:
329:
327:
323:
316:
312:
311:
309:
307:
303:
296:
292:
291:
289:
287:
283:
276:
272:
271:
269:
262:
258:
251:
247:
246:
244:
242:
238:
230:
225:
224:
221:
214:
209:
203:
193:
191:
181:
178:
169:
167:
158:
155:
145:
142:
132:
131:
129:
127:
123:
118:
110:
105:
102:
101:
99:
97:
93:
89:
87:
81:
77:
73:
71:
67:
63:
60:Clinical data
58:
54:
49:
45:
40:
26:
22:
11130:
11129:
11114:Chrysophanol
11110:
11054:Hypoxanthine
10975:
10955:
10951:Pralatrexate
10936:Methotrexate
10931:Azathioprine
10910:Topiroxostat
10887:
10858:Myo-inositol
10845:
10836:Caffeic acid
10749:Progesterone
10719:Dipyridamole
10699:Barbiturates
10676:Progesterone
10458:AR-C 69931MX
10453:AR-C 67085MX
10425:Antagonists:
10424:
10278:AR-C 67085MX
10224:
10193:
10171:
10165:
10128:
10095:Oxidized-ATP
10040:JNJ-47965567
10001:
9925:Antagonists:
9924:
9898:L-β,γ-Me-ATP
9878:D-β,γ-Me-ATP
9814:
9746:Theophylline
9726:Taminadenant
9641:Paraxanthine
9526:Fenethylline
9525:
9521:Etrumadenant
9511:Enprofylline
9476:Ciforadenant
9388:Antagonists:
9387:
9376:Trabodenoson
9346:Piclidenoson
9323:
9225:
9204:2-Cl-IB-MECA
9196:
9191:
9159:
9049:
9048:
9032:Guanethidine
9008:
8998:
8986:
8983:
8959:Indeloxazine
8955:
8903:4-Methyl-αMT
8898:4-Methyl-αET
8895:Tryptamines:
8894:
8814:Piperazines:
8813:
8646:Fenfluramine
8546:6-Methyl-MDA
8536:5-Methyl-MDA
8501:2-Methyl-MDA
8497:
8466:
8435:
8389:
8304:Feprosidnine
8284:Clofenciclan
8250:
8200:Piperazines:
8199:
8187:Zylofuramine
8136:
8098:
8090:
7932:Fenethylline
7931:
7927:Famprofazone
7912:Ethcathinone
7832:Amphetaminil
7805:Amfepentorex
7761:
7710:
7673:Fenmetramide
7668:Fenbutrazate
7665:Morpholines:
7664:
7572:Feprosidnine
7552:Clofenciclan
7513:
7473:Piperazines:
7472:
7460:Zylofuramine
7402:
7394:
7386:
7234:Fenethylline
7233:
7229:Famprofazone
7209:Ethcathinone
7129:Amphetaminil
7104:Amfepentorex
7060:
7009:
6972:Fenmetramide
6967:Fenbutrazate
6964:Morpholines:
6963:
6446:Oxaprotiline
6396:Medifoxamine
6316:Fenpentadiol
6296:Dimethocaine
6291:Diclofensine
6271:Cropropamide
6266:Clofenciclan
6221:Amiphenazole
6175:7-Methyl-αET
6170:6-Fluoro-αMT
6150:5-Fluoro-αMT
6145:5-Chloro-αMT
6140:4-Methyl-αMT
6135:4-Methyl-αET
5977:Difluoropine
5962:Cocaethylene
5947:Brasofensine
5886:Pyrovalerone
5738:Pyrrolidines
5457:Fenmetramide
5452:Fenbutrazate
5429:Zylofuramine
5389:Solriamfetol
5221:Norfenefrine
5127:Metanephrine
5053:(Selegiline)
5043:Isoprenaline
4973:Feprosidnine
4954:Fenfluramine
4949:Fenethylline
4948:
4934:Famprofazone
4807:Cinnamedrine
4737:Amphetaminil
4688:Amfepentorex
4366:Sazetidine A
4331:Ispronicline
4296:Bradanicline
4248:Cholinergics
4163:Ethcathinone
4047:Benzazepines
4002:Eticyclidine
3823:Theophylline
3808:Paraxanthine
3656:
3652:
3645:
3635:
3618:
3614:
3608:
3576:
3557:
3524:
3520:
3514:
3500:cite journal
3463:
3459:
3449:
3441:
3436:
3428:
3423:
3414:
3407:. Retrieved
3403:
3393:
3384:
3374:
3365:
3355:
3347:the original
3342:
3332:
3323:
3313:
3301:. Retrieved
3297:
3276:The New Arab
3275:
3265:
3256:
3246:
3228:
3216:. Retrieved
3212:
3202:
3190:. Retrieved
3186:the original
3181:
3155:
3145:
3133:. Retrieved
3128:
3104:. Retrieved
3100:the original
3093:
3070:
3060:
3051:
3042:
3033:
3024:
3016:The Guardian
3015:
3005:
2994:
2985:
2973:. Retrieved
2961:
2951:
2939:. Retrieved
2935:the original
2924:
2912:. Retrieved
2908:The Guardian
2906:
2884:
2874:
2865:
2855:
2846:
2837:
2828:
2819:
2807:. Retrieved
2796:
2787:
2778:
2769:
2760:
2748:. Retrieved
2734:
2722:. Retrieved
2716:
2691:. Retrieved
2665:. Retrieved
2658:
2643:. Retrieved
2636:
2611:. Retrieved
2600:
2588:. Retrieved
2584:
2574:
2565:
2556:
2547:
2538:
2529:
2520:
2511:
2502:
2490:. Retrieved
2479:
2467:. Retrieved
2456:
2447:
2438:
2429:
2420:
2411:
2402:
2393:
2383:
2371:. Retrieved
2360:
2344:
2334:– via
2328:. Retrieved
2324:the original
2315:
2306:
2294:. Retrieved
2280:
2268:. Retrieved
2262:
2252:
2240:. Retrieved
2234:
2224:
2212:. Retrieved
2205:
2196:
2184:. Retrieved
2170:
2158:. Retrieved
2154:
2144:
2132:. Retrieved
2126:
2100:
2097:the original
2092:
2083:
2071:. Retrieved
2057:
2048:
2044:
2031:
2023:the original
2018:
2009:
2001:the original
1996:
1986:
1978:the original
1973:
1963:
1951:. Retrieved
1946:
1937:
1920:
1908:. Retrieved
1903:
1894:
1882:. Retrieved
1877:the original
1863:
1811:
1807:
1797:
1762:
1758:
1748:
1705:
1701:
1691:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1559:
1555:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1497:the original
1492:
1483:
1475:the original
1437:
1431:
1411:
1405:
1393:. Retrieved
1371:
1337:Famprofazone
1307:cite journal
1298:
1266:
1262:
1242:
1229:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1193:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1156:Theophylline
1154:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1116:
1113:theophylline
1110:
1083:
1071:
1063:
1052:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1033:
1025:
1022:Military use
1015:
1012:crystal meth
995:
994:
980:The Guardian
978:
976:
969:
945:
934:
915:
907:
899:
895:Bastille Day
884:
865:
810:
798:
778:Western Asia
775:
767:
759:Assad regime
743:
716:theophylline
709:
698:
695:Pharmacology
674:
658:hyperkinetic
643:
629:
625:
621:
613:
605:
601:
594:theophylline
577:
566:Fenethylline
565:
564:
553:
547:
228:
166:Schedule III
126:Legal status
120:Legal status
29:Fenethylline
25:
10976:Precursors:
10956:Many others
10926:Aminopterin
10883:Phytic acid
10826:Amflutizole
10821:Allopurinol
10777:Decynium-22
10734:Hexobendine
10606:Transporter
10583:Ticlopidine
10488:Clopidogrel
10398:UDP-glucose
10137:Purotoxin 1
9968:AZ-11645373
9963:AZ-10606120
9756:Tracazolate
9736:Theobromine
9711:SCH-442,416
9706:Rolofylline
9651:Preladenant
9541:Inupadenant
9536:Imaradenant
9456:Cartazolate
9436:Bamifylline
9371:Tecadenoson
9366:Sonedenoson
9361:Selodenoson
9356:SDZ WAG 994
9351:Regadenoson
9331:Namodenoson
9273:Capadenoson
9268:Binodenoson
9263:BAY 60–6583
9061:Adrenergics
9027:Guanazodine
9012:Bethanidine
8857:Mepiprazole
8651:Flephedrone
8591:Amfepramone
8571:Brephedrone
8467:Oxazolines:
8299:Cyprodenate
8144:Prenylamine
8126:Phentermine
7942:Flephedrone
7937:Fenproporex
7882:Clortermine
7877:Clobenzorex
7815:Amphetamine
7810:Amfepramone
7749:Thozalinone
7729:Cyclazodone
7711:Oxazolines:
7567:Cyprodenate
7430:Prenylamine
7244:Flephedrone
7239:Fenproporex
7179:Clortermine
7174:Clobenzorex
7114:Amphetamine
7109:Amfepramone
7048:Thozalinone
7028:Cyclazodone
7010:Oxazolines:
6772:Venlafaxine
6757:Moclobemide
6752:Milnacipran
6737:Desipramine
6663:Atomoxetine
6658:Armodafinil
6593:Amphetamine
6496:Thiothinone
6481:Tametraline
6466:Rauwolscine
6436:Nomifensine
6431:Nikethamide
6376:Lomevactone
6361:JNJ-7925476
6356:Indatraline
6331:GSK1360707F
6286:Desipramine
6276:Crotetamide
6261:Ciclazindol
6241:Benzydamine
6231:Atomoxetine
6226:Atipamezole
6122:Tryptamines
6092:Tesofensine
5658:Difemetorex
5610:Piperidines
5522:Piperazines
5384:Sibutramine
5354:Prenylamine
5304:Phentermine
5259:Oxifentorex
5156:Methoxamine
5132:Metaraminol
4968:Fenproporex
4939:Fencamfamin
4904:Epinephrine
4827:Clortermine
4817:Clobenzorex
4812:Clenbuterol
4787:Camfetamine
4723:Amphetamine
4693:Amidephrine
4565:Thozalinone
4545:Cyclazodone
4492:Armodafinil
4454:Pentetrazol
4434:Bicuculline
4421:Convulsants
4411:WAY-317,538
4406:Varenicline
4396:Tebanicline
4376:SSR-180,711
4361:Rivanicline
4356:Pozanicline
4351:PNU-282,987
4346:PNU-120,596
4341:PHA-543,613
4321:Epiboxidine
4316:Epibatidine
4281:Altinicline
4173:Flephedrone
4128:Amfepramone
4007:Gacyclidine
3851:Cyprodenate
3833:Alkylamines
3818:Theobromine
3750:Rimantadine
3722:Adamantanes
2996:BBC Radio 4
2914:31 December
2788:Egypt Today
2430:Le Parisien
2330:20 November
2296:20 November
2270:20 November
2242:20 November
2134:20 November
2073:22 November
1765:(1): 2268.
1000:Syrian Army
985:narco-state
893:in Nice on
837:private jet
750:counterfeit
746:Middle East
712:metabolized
705:alkyl chain
650:amphetamine
590:amphetamine
578:fenetylline
462: g·mol
405:100.115.827
211:Identifiers
37:Fenetylline
11179:Stimulants
11148:Categories
10946:Pemetrexed
10905:Tisopurine
10878:Oxipurinol
10873:Niraxostat
10863:Kaempferol
10853:Febuxostat
10797:inhibitors
10709:Cilostazol
10671:Phloridzin
10578:Ticagrelor
10448:AR-C 66096
10308:Diquafosol
10253:α,β-Me-ATP
10238:2-Thio-UTP
10147:Ro 0437626
10100:Phenol Red
10015:Gefapixant
10010:Evans blue
9893:Ivermectin
9823:α,β-Me-ATP
9786:nucleotide
9771:ZM-241,385
9761:Vipadenant
9751:Tozadenant
9636:Muvadenant
9581:MRE3008F20
9576:Lu AA47070
9571:Lu AA41063
9506:Dyphylline
9491:Dimethazan
9416:Acefylline
9381:UK-432,097
9298:Evodenoson
9288:CP-532,903
9248:Apadenoson
9122:modulators
9002:SoRI-20041
8995:SoRI-20040
8943:Tryptamine
8726:Methedrone
8721:Mephedrone
8676:Lophophine
8666:Iofetamine
8656:Flucetorex
8556:Amiflamine
8485:Fluminorex
8480:Clominorex
8314:Heptaminol
8309:Gilutensin
8294:Cypenamine
8159:Selegiline
8116:Pholedrine
8085:Ortetamine
8065:Methedrone
8033:Mephedrone
7983:Lophophine
7952:Furfenorex
7857:Buphedrone
7800:Amfecloral
7795:Alfetamine
7739:Fluminorex
7734:Fenozolone
7724:Clominorex
7582:Heptaminol
7577:Gilutensin
7562:Cypenamine
7547:Amineptine
7420:Pholedrine
7410:Pholedrine
7381:Ortetamine
7321:Methedrone
7289:Mephedrone
7279:Lophophine
7254:Furfenorex
7184:D-Deprenyl
7154:Buphedrone
7099:Amfecloral
7094:Alfetamine
7038:Fluminorex
7033:Fenozolone
7023:Clominorex
6788:Amantadine
6767:Reboxetine
6747:Imipramine
6742:Duloxetine
6704:Guanfacine
6673:Viloxazine
6650:stimulants
6585:stimulants
6476:Setazindol
6461:Rasagiline
6451:PNU-99,194
6401:Mefexamide
6371:Leptacline
6366:Lazabemide
6336:GYKI-52895
6326:Gilutensin
6251:BTS 74,398
6216:Amineptine
6165:5-MeO-DIPT
5997:Norcocaine
5987:FP-β-CPPIT
5982:FE-β-CPPIT
5904:Oxiracetam
5881:Prolintane
5600:Vanoxerine
5512:Radafaxine
5487:PD-128,907
5482:Oxaflozane
5467:Manifaxine
5394:Synephrine
5374:Salbutamol
5369:Ropinirole
5324:Pholedrine
5264:Oxilofrine
5254:Ortetamine
5244:Octopamine
5211:Nisoxetine
5067:Lophophine
5057:Lefetamine
5038:Isoetarine
5033:Iofetamine
4998:Hexapradol
4988:Furfenorex
4983:Formetorex
4929:Etilefrine
4914:Etafedrine
4884:Dopexamine
4869:Dextrodopa
4860:Dobutamine
4845:Denopamine
4832:Cypenamine
4802:Cilobamine
4757:Benfluorex
4742:Arbutamine
4683:Amfecloral
4673:Alfetamine
4555:Fluminorex
4550:Fenozolone
4540:Clominorex
4522:Oxazolines
4502:CRL-40,941
4497:CRL-40,940
4464:Strychnine
4459:Picrotoxin
4429:Anatoxin-a
4311:Dianicline
4228:Pentedrone
4198:Methedrone
4188:Mephedrone
4138:Buphedrone
4133:Benzedrone
4080:Cathinones
4037:Tiletamine
3997:Esketamine
3939:LY-503,430
3934:LY-404,187
3856:Heptaminol
3846:Cypenamine
3798:Dimethazan
3740:Bromantane
3735:Amantadine
3730:Adapromine
3714:Stimulants
3563:DE 1123329
3442:The Mirror
3052:Al Jazeera
2975:3 February
2941:3 February
2805:. BBC News
2160:13 January
1884:8 December
1363:References
1327:Amfecloral
1198:analog of
1196:deuterated
1055:Gaza Strip
910:Al-Haditha
726:See also:
701:covalently
666:narcolepsy
646:Degussa AG
614:amfetyline
606:amphetamin
467:3D model (
455:Molar mass
335:YZ0N7VL5R3
306:ChemSpider
241:CAS Number
220:IUPAC name
202:Schedule I
177:Anlage III
11159:Xanthines
11131:See also:
11034:Guanosine
10984:Adenosine
10900:Quercetin
10868:Myricetin
10724:Estradiol
10651:Estradiol
10641:Adenosine
10553:Prasugrel
10493:Elinogrel
10483:Cangrelor
10428:2-Me-SAMP
10368:PAPET-ATP
10328:INS-37217
10303:Denufosol
10258:Adenosine
10248:5-OMe-UDP
10233:2-Me-SATP
10228:2-Me-SADP
10225:Agonists:
10120:PSB-12062
10055:Magnesium
10020:GW-791343
9908:PAPET-ATP
9828:Adenosine
9818:2-Me-SATP
9815:Agonists:
9731:Theacrine
9716:SCH-58261
9701:Reversine
9551:ISAM-R316
9516:Etazolate
9466:CGS-15943
9441:Cafedrine
9283:CGS-21680
9233:Adenosine
9214:2'-MeCCPA
9192:Agonists:
9183:adenosine
9160:Agonists:
9050:See also:
9022:Guanadrel
9017:Bretylium
8990:SoRI-9804
8964:Viqualine
8918:5-MeO-αMT
8913:5-MeO-αET
8731:Methylone
8444:8-OH-DPAT
8339:Octodrine
8324:Indanorex
8166:-Deprenyl
8070:Methylone
8028:Mefenorex
7957:Hordenine
7907:Ephedrine
7872:Cathinone
7612:Octodrine
7592:Indanorex
7371:Methylone
7284:Mefenorex
7259:Hordenine
7204:Ephedrine
7169:Cathinone
6866:Serotonin
6732:Buspirone
6727:Bupropion
6699:Clonidine
6668:Modafinil
6511:Yohimbine
6486:Tandamine
6456:PRC200-SS
6351:Indanorex
6321:Gamfexine
6311:Fenisorex
6236:Bemegride
6160:5-MeO-αMT
6155:5-MeO-αET
6102:Tropoxane
5876:Picilorex
5866:Naphyrone
5713:Pipradrol
5575:GBR-13119
5570:GBR-13098
5565:GBR-13069
5560:GBR-12935
5555:GBR-12783
5294:Phenatine
5117:Mefenorex
5051:-Deprenyl
5023:Ibopamine
5008:Hordenine
4993:Gepefrine
4944:Fencamine
4899:Ephedrine
4889:Droxidopa
4840:-Deprenyl
4718:Acridorex
4512:Modafinil
4507:Fluorenol
4487:Adrafinil
4479:Eugeroics
4444:Flurothyl
4371:SIB-1553A
4291:Arecoline
4286:Anabasine
4276:AR-R17779
4261:A-366,833
4233:Pentylone
4213:Mexedrone
4208:Methylone
4178:Hexedrone
4153:Cathinone
4143:Bupropion
4070:SKF-82958
4065:SKF-81297
4060:SKF-77434
3964:Sunifiram
3949:Org 26576
3944:Nooglutyl
3896:Ampakines
3876:Octodrine
3813:SCH-58261
3793:CGS-15943
3745:Memantine
3582:GB 927288
3343:USA Today
3095:USA Today
3071:Gulf News
2970:0040-781X
2956:Baker A.
2929:Kalin S.
2866:Arab News
2847:Arab News
2829:Gulf News
2609:. Reuters
2512:Gulf News
2448:Arab News
1872:0362-4331
1395:16 August
1342:Fencamine
1332:Cafedrine
1080:Synthesis
1076:in 2024.
1066:October 7
1002:'s elite
948:Port Said
918:Jebel Ali
831:and some
626:Biocapton
490:Chirality
250:3736-08-1
84:Routes of
70:Drugs.com
11009:Cytidine
11004:Cytosine
10895:Propolis
10661:KGO-2173
10656:KGO-2142
10646:dMeThPmR
10612:blockers
10568:Regrelor
10558:PSB-0739
10528:MRS-2578
10523:MRS-2500
10518:MRS-2395
10513:MRS-2279
10508:MRS-2211
10503:MRS-2179
10378:PSB-1114
10373:PSB-0474
10358:MRS-4062
10353:MRS-2957
10348:MRS-2768
10343:MRS-2693
10338:MRS-2690
10333:MRS-2365
10243:5-Br-UDP
10185:TC-P 262
10125:Puerarin
10060:MRS-2159
10035:isoPPADS
9953:A-839977
9948:A-804598
9943:A-740003
9938:A-438079
9933:A-317491
9903:MRS-2219
9766:VUF-5574
9696:PSB-1901
9691:PSB-1115
9616:MRS-3777
9611:MRS-1754
9606:MRS-1706
9601:MRS-1523
9596:MRS-1334
9591:MRS-1220
9586:MRS-1191
9566:KF-26777
9546:ISAM-140
9486:CVT-6883
9461:CGH-2466
9446:Caffeine
9431:AZD-4635
9318:LUF-5845
9313:LUF-5835
9303:GR 79236
9253:ATL-146e
9130:Receptor
9037:Guanoxan
8817:2C-B-BZP
8641:Etolorex
8636:Ethylone
8586:Cloforex
8576:Butylone
8475:Aminorex
8203:2C-B-BZP
8177:Tyramine
8172:Tiflorex
8106:Pentorex
8075:Morforex
7947:Fludorex
7917:Ethylone
7862:Butylone
7837:β-Me-PEA
7765:2-OH-PEA
7744:Pemoline
7719:Aminorex
7683:Morforex
7678:Morazone
7476:2C-B-BZP
7450:Tyramine
7445:Tiflorex
7376:Morforex
7249:Fludorex
7219:Ethylone
7159:Butylone
7134:β-Me-PEA
7064:2-OH-PEA
7043:Pemoline
7018:Aminorex
6982:Morforex
6977:Morazone
6830:Dopamine
6691:agonists
6522:ATC code
6386:Mazindol
6346:Idazoxan
6306:Etamivan
6301:Efaroxan
6130:4-HO-αMT
5924:Tropanes
5896:Racetams
5751:4-Cl-PVP
5728:SCH-5472
5688:JZ-IV-10
5580:JJC8-088
5530:2C-B-BZP
5477:Morforex
5472:Morazone
5419:Tyrosine
5414:Tyramine
5404:Tiflorex
5289:Pentorex
5191:Morforex
5137:Mesocarb
4978:Fludorex
4879:Dopamine
4873:Levodopa
4822:Cloforex
4603:2-OH-PEA
4560:Pemoline
4535:Aminorex
4449:Gabazine
4336:Nicotine
4306:Cytisine
4301:Cotinine
4256:A-84,543
4168:Ethylone
4148:Butylone
4093:3,4-DMMC
4055:6-Br-APB
4012:Ketamine
3969:Unifiram
3788:Caffeine
3549:84235752
3492:38550445
3483:10977473
3409:30 April
3385:The Week
3303:30 April
3218:11 March
3192:11 March
3135:11 March
3106:11 March
2744:BBC News
2320:Istanbul
2291:NBC News
2186:21 April
1838:30814658
1789:30783122
1740:28813419
1683:15978343
1578:27004621
1389:Archived
1321:See also
1295:38550445
1286:10977473
937:Damietta
802:addicted
771:caffeine
622:Captagon
556:(verify)
286:DrugBank
154:Class A3
96:ATC code
11164:Codrugs
11118:rhubarb
11111:Others:
11089:Uridine
11059:Inosine
11029:Guanine
10979:Adenine
10729:Ethanol
10714:Dilazep
10666:MeThPmR
10573:Suramin
10478:C1330-7
10323:INS-365
10202:TNP-ATP
10180:Suramin
9978:Calcium
9686:PSB-788
9681:PSB-603
9426:ATL-444
9293:CV-1808
9168:Adenine
9151:adenine
9136:ligands
8956:Others:
8822:3-MeOPP
8251:Others:
7867:Cathine
7514:Others:
7164:Cathine
6898:(SNDRI)
6501:Trazium
6426:Nefopam
6381:LR-5182
6082:RTI-386
6077:RTI-371
6072:RTI-354
6067:RTI-336
6062:RTI-229
6057:RTI-177
6052:RTI-150
6047:RTI-126
6037:RTI-120
6032:RTI-113
6027:RTI-112
5967:Cocaine
5756:5-DBFPV
5703:Nocaine
5550:DBL-583
4909:Epinine
4792:Cathine
4668:AL-1095
4613:2,3-MDA
4469:Thujone
4391:TC-2216
4386:TC-1827
4381:TC-1698
4271:ABT-418
4266:ABT-202
3959:S-18986
3929:IDRA-21
3673:9248947
3541:3439867
3429:The Sun
3366:Semafor
2809:12 June
2750:21 July
2724:21 July
2693:21 July
2667:21 July
2645:21 July
2579:Dag B.
2492:21 July
2469:21 July
2432:. 2017.
2373:21 July
2214:19 July
2181:Reuters
1910:24 July
1829:6786385
1780:6381188
1731:5957549
1710:Bibcode
1648:5496920
1613:3743407
1532:3743408
1357:ZDCM-04
941:Latakia
930:Salerno
876:hashish
833:cocaine
681:illegal
640:History
598:prodrug
584:) is a
460:341.415
422:Formula
295:DB01482
261:PubChem
190:Class C
175::
164::
112:)
106: (
104:N06BA10
11084:Uracil
11079:Ribose
10969:Others
10919:Others
10791:Enzyme
10538:NF-340
10533:NF-157
10433:A3P5PS
10363:NF-546
10085:NF-449
10080:NF-279
10075:NF-157
10070:NF-110
10065:NF-023
9998:Emodin
9993:Copper
9958:AF-353
9928:5-BDBD
9888:HT-AMP
9676:PSB-36
9671:PSB-11
9666:PSB-10
9308:HENECA
8977:Others
8877:pTFMPP
8766:4-TFMA
8706:MDMPEA
8541:6-APDB
8531:5-APDB
8161:(also
8013:MDMPEA
7967:5-APDI
7537:5-APDI
7356:MDMPEA
6892:(NDRI)
6886:(SNRI)
6880:(SSRI)
6874:(SERT)
6868:(5-HT)
6811:(ADHD)
6506:UH-232
6441:O-2172
6194:Others
6022:RTI-51
6017:RTI-32
6012:RTI-31
5786:α-PHPP
5776:α-PHiP
5771:α-PCYP
5535:3C-PEP
5097:MDMPEA
4401:UB-165
4326:GTS-21
4118:4-MEAP
3924:CX-717
3919:CX-691
3914:CX-614
3909:CX-546
3904:CX-516
3671:
3601:
3569:
3547:
3539:
3490:
3480:
3460:Cureus
3416:month.
3129:Globes
2968:
2613:8 June
2590:8 June
2412:rfi.fr
2019:Gov.uk
1953:15 May
1870:
1836:
1826:
1787:
1777:
1738:
1728:
1702:Nature
1681:
1646:
1611:
1576:
1530:
1445:
1419:
1377:Anvisa
1293:
1283:
1263:Cureus
1168:reflux
1123:using
1092:": -->
989:Jeddah
897:2016.
841:Riyadh
823:after
817:Beirut
748:, and
738:, and
630:Fitton
628:, and
586:codrug
505:SMILES
355:D07944
200:
188:
152:
139:
10739:NBMPR
10548:PPADS
10473:BzATP
10438:AMPαS
10418:UTPγS
10388:UDPβS
10288:ATPγS
10268:ADPβS
10152:Ro 51
10115:PPNDS
10110:PPADS
10050:KN-62
10045:KN-04
9863:BzATP
9858:ATPγS
9631:MSX-4
9626:MSX-3
9621:MSX-2
9501:DPCPX
8882:TFMPP
8852:MeOPP
8847:MDBZP
8746:MMDMA
8716:MDPEA
8696:MDHMA
8611:DFMDA
8551:AEMMA
8526:4-MTA
8516:4-FMA
8506:4-CAB
8454:MDMAT
8439:6-CAT
8413:MDMAI
8393:5-IAI
8279:5-IAI
8254:2-ADN
8228:MeOPP
8223:MDBZP
8023:MDPEA
7969:(IAP)
7790:4-MMA
7780:4-FMA
7770:4-CAB
7714:4-MAR
7542:5-IAI
7517:2-ADN
7496:MeOPP
7491:MDBZP
7366:MDPEA
7331:MMDMA
7089:4-MMA
7079:4-FMA
7069:4-CAB
7013:4-MAR
6862:(NRI)
6856:(NET)
6844:(DRI)
6838:(DAT)
6281:D-161
6201:2-MDP
6112:WF-33
6107:WF-23
5851:MOPPP
5846:MOPVP
5826:MDPBP
5821:MDPPP
5806:DMPVP
5796:α-PVT
5791:α-PVP
5781:α-PHP
5766:α-PBP
5761:α-PPP
5585:MeOPP
5545:CM156
5462:G-130
5181:MMDMA
5112:MDPEA
4663:6-FNE
4658:4-MTA
4653:4-MMA
4103:4-CMC
4098:4-BMC
3545:S2CID
3238:(PDF)
2369:. CNN
2041:(PDF)
1929:(PDF)
1059:Hamas
964:Syria
853:Hatay
835:on a
829:pills
634:Syria
576:) or
525:InChI
469:JSmol
315:18398
275:19527
10765:PMAT
10687:ENTs
10624:CNTs
10563:RB-2
10498:Ip5I
10443:Ap4A
10408:Up3U
10298:dATP
10273:Ap3A
10207:Zinc
10157:RO-3
10142:RB-2
10030:Ip5I
9918:Zinc
9848:Ap5A
9843:Ap4A
9531:IBMX
9496:DMPX
9336:NECA
9278:CCPA
8923:5-MT
8908:5-CT
8872:pFPP
8867:pCPP
8862:oMPP
8842:mCPP
8837:MBZP
8832:DCPP
8796:PMMA
8791:PMEA
8751:MMMA
8741:MMDA
8711:MDOH
8691:MDEA
8681:MBDB
8631:EDMA
8626:EBDB
8621:DMMA
8521:4-HA
8511:4-FA
8449:MDAT
8418:MMAI
8408:MDAI
8403:ETAI
8398:AMMI
8374:SRAs
8274:4-BP
8269:2-BP
8264:2-AT
8259:2-AI
8238:pFPP
8233:oMPP
8218:mCPP
8213:MBZP
8018:MDOH
7998:MDEA
7988:MBDB
7902:EBDB
7897:DMMA
7785:4-MA
7775:4-FA
7649:NRAs
7532:4-BP
7527:2-AT
7522:2-AI
7501:oMPP
7486:MBZP
7361:MDOH
7346:MDEA
7336:MBDB
7326:MMDA
7214:EBDB
7194:DMMA
7084:4-MA
7074:4-FA
6948:DRAs
6850:(NE)
6832:(DA)
6567:ADHD
6526:N06B
5861:MDPV
5841:MPPP
5836:MPHP
5831:MPBP
5816:FPVP
5811:FPOP
5595:oMPP
5590:MBZP
5349:PPAP
5344:PMMA
5339:PMEA
5279:PCMA
5186:MMMA
5176:MMDA
5107:MDPR
5102:MDOH
5087:MDEA
5082:MDBU
5072:MBDB
5003:HMMA
4894:EBDB
4865:DOPA
4782:BPAP
4648:4-MA
4439:DMCM
3954:PEPA
3669:PMID
3588:)—CH
3537:PMID
3506:link
3488:PMID
3411:2024
3324:IDSF
3305:2024
3298:Vice
3220:2024
3194:2024
3137:2024
3108:2024
2977:2016
2966:ISSN
2962:Time
2943:2016
2916:2015
2811:2023
2752:2020
2726:2020
2695:2020
2669:2020
2647:2020
2615:2021
2592:2021
2494:2020
2471:2020
2375:2016
2352:and
2332:2015
2298:2015
2272:2015
2244:2015
2216:2017
2188:2014
2162:2014
2136:2015
2075:2015
1955:2021
1912:2023
1886:2021
1868:ISSN
1834:PMID
1785:PMID
1736:PMID
1679:PMID
1644:PMID
1609:PMID
1574:PMID
1528:PMID
1443:ISBN
1417:ISBN
1397:2023
1313:link
1291:PMID
1094:edit
1048:ISIS
926:ISIS
763:US$
612:and
592:and
574:USAN
346:KEGG
326:UNII
90:Oral
66:AHFS
11104:UTP
11099:UDP
11094:UMP
11074:ITP
11069:IDP
11064:IMP
11049:GTP
11044:GDP
11039:GMP
11024:CTP
11019:CDP
11014:CMP
10999:ATP
10994:ADP
10989:AMP
10588:UDP
10543:PIT
10468:ATP
10413:UTP
10383:UDP
10318:ITP
10313:IDP
10293:CTP
10283:ATP
10263:ADP
10217:P2Y
10025:HMA
9973:BBG
9913:UTP
9883:GTP
9873:CTP
9853:ATP
9838:AMP
9833:ADP
9802:ATP
9796:P2X
9481:CPX
9258:ATP
9243:AMP
9238:ADP
9224:5'-
8938:DMT
8933:αMT
8928:αET
8827:BZP
8801:TAP
8786:PMA
8781:pIA
8776:pCA
8771:pBA
8756:NAP
8736:MMA
8661:IAP
8616:DMA
8601:DCA
8566:BOH
8561:BDB
8423:TAI
8208:BZP
7892:DMA
7852:BOH
7842:BDB
7481:BZP
7189:DMA
7144:BOH
7139:BDB
6647:CNS
6578:CNS
6246:BTQ
6185:αMT
6180:αET
6007:PTT
6002:PIT
5871:PEP
5540:BZP
5334:PMA
5329:PIA
5284:PHA
5274:PCA
5269:PBA
5166:MMA
4772:BOH
4767:BDB
3661:doi
3623:doi
3529:doi
3525:320
3478:PMC
3468:doi
3182:CNN
2885:Vox
2068:CNN
1824:PMC
1816:doi
1775:PMC
1767:doi
1726:PMC
1718:doi
1706:548
1671:doi
1667:152
1636:doi
1601:doi
1564:doi
1560:119
1520:doi
1471:CNN
1281:PMC
1271:doi
1147:).
782:CNN
654:FDA
588:of
582:INN
570:BAN
371:EPA
265:CID
109:WHO
33:INN
11150::
10809:XO
10170:,
9781:P2
9178:P1
9147:P0
9075:•
9071:•
9067:•
9063:•
9059:•
9055:•
8997:;
8139:IA
8101:CA
8093:BA
7405:IA
7397:CA
7389:BA
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