139:
432:
38:
1303:
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778:
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bringing different bars in actual contact during the process of baseline measurements, he used four two-metre (6 ft 7 in) iron bars fastened together totaling eight metres (26 ft) in length and optical contact. As early as
February–March 1817, Hassler standardized the bars of his device which were actually calibrated on the Committee Metre (an authentic copy of the
399:
separate weights and measures from wherever they could be obtained - most of them came from
England - and in some cases the customhouses depended upon the ordinary standards of local officials. On 29 May 1829, the Senate decided a comparison of weights and measures used at customhouses. Five month later, President
415:
as one of the authentic units adopted for the comparison. The
Troughton scale was held to be identical with Bird's Standard Yard of 1760, which had been tested and deemed identical with the British Parliamentary Standard of 1758, which was destroyed in 1834. The fundamentals units of length, mass and
1195:
Clarke, Alexander Ross (1873), "XIII. Results of the comparisons of the standards of length of
England, Austria, Spain, United States, Cape of Good Hope, and of a second Russian standard, made at the Ordnance Survey Office, Southampton. With a preface and notes on the Greek and Egyptian measures of
308:, to whom it had been presented by Hassler himself, who had received it from Tralles, a foreign member of the French Committee charged with the construction of the standard metre by comparison with the Toise of Peru, which had served as unit of length in the measurement of the meridional arcs in
297:
appointed him the first superintendent of the Survey of the Coast in 1816. The creative side of
Hassler was seen in the design of new surveying instruments. Most original was Hassler's baseline apparatus which involved an idea worked out by him in Switzerland and perfected in America. Instead of
398:
In the autumn of 1829, Hassler was appointed as gauger in the New York Custom House. For some time
Congress had been discussing the establishment of standard of weights and measure for the United States. Up to this time the various customhouses had worked independently of each other. They used
420:
at 231 cubic inches. Appraised by
Treasury reports of Hassler's progress, Congress in a joint resolution of June 14, 1836, gave its formal approval and directed the Treasury to fabricate for the customhouses the standards of weights and measures established by Hassler. By reason of the joint
316:. The Committee Metre possessed all the authenticity of any original metre extant, bearing not only the stamp of the committee, but also the original mark by which it was distinguished from the other bars during the operation of standardising. Thus the metre became the unit of length for
362:
on March 3, 1901) in the
Treasury Department as an office within the Survey of the Coast which was reorganized in 1832, where he carried out the early work of establishing the standards of weights and measures in the United States, with the involvement of fellow Swiss immigrant
341:
On July 10, 1832, Congress reestablished the Survey of the Coast on the basis of the original act of 1807. Upon
President Jackson's recommendation, Hassler again became its Superintendent. The Survey was renamed the United States Coast Survey in 1836, and in 1878 it became the
410:
and
President Jackson he determined to adopt standards for the United States and produce and distribute them to the customhouses. On 3 March 1831, Samuel D. Ingham reported to the President of the Senate Hassler's inspection far advanced and mentioned the
329:
However, Hassler had exceeded the spending limitations that had been set for his trip to Europe, and the resulting controversy foreshadowed the frictions between Hassler and the American Government that would plague his career. In 1818, the
320:
in the United States. Indeed, the Committee Metre served as the standard of length for Coast and Geodetic Survey until 1890, when the National Prototype Metre Bar No. 27 allotted to the United States in 1889 at the first
182:. He was the son of Magdalena Ernst and Hans Jakob Hassler, a prosperous watchmaker and local official. He attended the Latin school and an advanced private school, then in 1786 the institute that later became the
354:
Hassler also was able to continue his superintendence over the work in Weights and Measures. He became the head of the Office of Standard Weights and Measures (this office was a progenitor of the
190:
and changed his academic focus to astronomy, mathematics and physics. From 1791 to 1797 he continued his studies in France and Germany. In the summer of 1793, he studied under scientists
1181:
Le système métrique des poids et mesures; son établissement et sa propagation graduelle, avec l'histoire des opérations qui ont servi à déterminer le mètre et le kilogramme
1848:
1858:
1447:
1853:
939:
416:
capacity recommended by Hassler were adopted by the Treasury Department in 1832. Another meaningful national standard to be adopted in 1832 was the
1672:
290:
in 1812, his instruments were confiscated as spoils of war and Hassler was detained in England until 1815 as the British thought him an enemy spy.
1878:
1641:
1614:
1597:
464:
242:, realized that Congress had not authorized the hiring of civilians to staff the academy. Hassler obtained another mathematics professorship at
155:
500:. After his 1818 dismissal from the United States Survey of the Coast, Hassler proved his worth as a theorist, publishing two influential books
1747:
355:
159:
1139:. Gaithersburg, Maryland: U.S. Department of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology. pp. 2–6
508:. He also wrote a defense of his work on the coast survey and published it in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society in 1825.
1868:
1833:
322:
1873:
1664:
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1694:
1541:
266:
on February 10, 1807, appropriated $ 50,000 for the beginning of the work. In 1812, Hassler was appointed the superintendent of the
387:
was used as the standard for the coining of money until the twentiest century. The avoirdupoids pound adopted by Hassler had 7000
1795:
1772:
1724:
343:
267:
255:
163:
117:
1262:
421:
resolution of 1836, the Office of Weights and Measures in the Coast Survey is considered formally established as of that date.
313:
1624:
623:
594:
484:. Simon and Mary Caroline Hassler Newcomb were themselves the grandparents of the also much noted professor of mathematics,
1559:"The Chequered Career of Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler, First Superintendent of the United States Coast Survey. Florian Cajori"
933:
903:
282:
to collect supplies for the project. Hassler bought instruments of the most reputed French and British makers. After the
20:
1838:
1091:
121:
1455:
959:
610:
Measuring America : how an untamed wilderness shaped the United States and fulfilled the promise of democracy
371:
of the United States at London, who in 1827 had brought from Europe a troy pound of brass, made at his request by
1321:
869:
305:
239:
231:
219:
113:
195:
1421:
1883:
425:
1843:
1669:
1863:
480:
Hassler's granddaughter, Mary Caroline Hassler Newcomb, married the noted astronomer and mathematician
470:
74:
1599:
Elements of Arithmetic, Theoretical and Practical: Adapted to the Use of Schools, and to Private Study
1030:
840:
525:
Elements of Arithmetic, Theoretical and Practical; Adapted to the Use of Schools, and to Private Study
404:
932:
334:
removed Hassler from his role as superintendent of the Survey of the Coast and gave control to the
138:
234:
from 1807 to 1810. Hassler was unpopular as a teacher and was dismissed on 31 December 1809, when
206:
in Paris. He was employed on the trigonometrical survey of Switzerland before he emigrated to the
727:
1805:
559:
331:
271:
811:
615:
608:
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1478:
1081:
191:
300:
1828:
1823:
1558:
999:
564:
554:
443:
436:
187:
86:
1374:"A Tale About the First Weights and Measures Intercomparison in the United States in 1832"
635:"A Tale About the First Weights and Measures Intercomparison in the United States in 1832"
8:
1161:
American Philosophical Society.; Society, American Philosophical; Poupard, James (1825).
259:
199:
1003:
1515:
1398:
1373:
1244:
728:"Ferdinand Rudolf Hassler | NGS Facts | NGS INFO - About Us | National Geodetic Survey"
667:
634:
335:
183:
1685:
1643:
Papers on Various Subjects Connected with the Survey of the Coast of the United States
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1578:
1403:
1236:
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654:
619:
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Besides several textbooks of science, Hassler produced a publication in 1828 titled
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203:
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1201:
662:
646:
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407:
326:
227:
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Logarithmic and Trigonometric Tables; to Seven Places of Decimals in a Pocket Form
1698:
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1360:
1162:
1134:
536:
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518:
485:
412:
364:
359:
263:
235:
223:
1179:
582:
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309:
287:
1817:
1757:
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1307:
1240:
1184:. University of Ottawa. Paris : Gauthier-Villars. pp. 146, 158–159.
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890:
824:
782:
748:
658:
481:
294:
243:
207:
868:
US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
1407:
1206:
702:
676:
388:
1083:
Sea of Glory: America's Voyage of Discovery: the U.S. Exploring Expedition
1056:
519:
A Popular Exposition of the System of the Universe, with Plates and Tables
1389:
1378:
Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
650:
639:
Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
467:
376:
372:
283:
179:
368:
1519:
1503:
1248:
1224:
870:"Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler: Founder of the United States Coast Survey"
151:
103:
987:
813:
Measures for Progress: a History of the National Bureau of Standards
162:(NIST) for his achievements as the first Superintendent of the U.S.
1574:
1454:. Office of Marine & Aviation Operations (OMAO). Archived from
816:. U.S. Department of Commerce. pp. 516, 518, 522–523, 532–533.
37:
19:
This article is about the surveyor. For ship of the same name, see
1136:
Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler, 1770-1843: Measuring the Young Republic
1306:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
889:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
823:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
781:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
747:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
317:
279:
703:"Hassler, Ferdinand Rudolph, 1770-1843 Person Authority Record"
531:
Elements of the Geometry of Planes and Solids: with Four Plates
417:
275:
403:
appointed Hassler United States gauger. With the approval of
175:
51:
1703:
1057:"Deciphering Lewis's Data | Discovering Lewis & Clark ®"
166:
and the first U.S. Superintendent of Weights and Measures.
150:(October 6, 1770 – November 20, 1843) was a Swiss-American
1323:
Comparison of Weights and Measures of Length and Capacity
349:
1338:"e-expo: Ferdinand Rudolf Hassler, Weights and measures"
1480:
Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences Volume XVII
293:
After Hassler's return to the United States, President
1616:
Elements of Analytic Trigonometry, Plane and Spherical
1263:"CGPM : Compte rendus de la 1ère réunion (1889)"
1225:"The Contributions of Charles S. Peirce to Metrology"
867:
725:
381:
troy pound of the United States' Mint at Philadelphia
1483:. Washington: Government Printing Office. p. 18
1299:. NIST Research Library. pp. 1, 3, 10, 16, 7–8.
375:, from which the standard of mass was derived. This
186:. At first he studied law, but became a student of
1543:A popular exposition of the system of the universe
1164:Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
988:"Swiss Geodesy and the United States Coast Survey"
607:
498:A Popular Exposition of the System of the Universe
442:He died on November 20, 1843, and was interred in
1773:Superintendent, United States Survey of the Coast
1725:Superintendent, United States Survey of the Coast
1508:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
1428:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1229:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
1218:
1216:
587:The chequered career of Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler
1815:
1293:Hassler, Harriet; Burroughs, Charles A. (2007).
1292:
700:
506:Elements of Arithmetic Theoretical and Practical
465:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
156:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1849:Burials at Laurel Hill Cemetery (Philadelphia)
1692:History of NOAA Ocean Exploration: Early years
1422:"2007 Hassler Expedition - An Innovative Ship"
1361:American Antiquarian Society Members Directory
1213:
1167:. Vol. 2. Philadelphia pp. 234–278.
539:, New York, C. & G. & H. Cargill, 1830
160:National Institute of Standards and Technology
1859:Members of the American Philosophical Society
1504:"Hassler Whitney (23 March 1907-10 May 1989)"
1128:
1126:
1124:
1105:"e-expo: Ferdinand Rudolf Hassler, Interlude"
762:"e-expo: Ferdinand Rudolf Hassler, Chronicle"
515:Extract from a Paper on Meteoric Stones, 1809
154:who is considered the forefather of both the
286:broke out between the United States and the
1854:Members of the American Antiquarian Society
940:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
835:
833:
222:on 17 April 1807. Through the influence of
169:
1796:Superintendent, United States Coast Survey
1132:
1121:
323:General Conference on Weights and Measures
36:
1397:
1205:
1177:
666:
633:Parr, Albert C. (January–February 2006).
605:
460:, built in 1870, was named in his honor.
1665:USMA Department of Mathematical Sciences
1476:
960:"Biography of Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler"
943:. Vol. III. 1900. pp. 111–112.
927:
925:
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809:
430:
338:, which remained in control until 1832.
1639:
1612:
1595:
1539:
1319:
696:
694:
589:. New York: Arno Press. p. 245 p.
344:United States Coast and Geodetic Survey
256:federal government of the United States
174:Hassler was born on October 6, 1770 in
1879:United States Military Academy faculty
1816:
1748:Superintendent of Weights and Measures
1556:
1222:
1200:, vol. 163, London, p. 463,
1194:
985:
581:
435:Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler memorial in
350:Superintendent of weights and measures
249:
1501:
1296:Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler (1770-1843)
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614:. New York: Walker & Co. p.
1869:Swiss emigrants to the United States
1834:United States Coast Survey personnel
1502:Chern, Shing-Shen (September 1994).
1371:
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797:
795:
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632:
533:, Richmond, Shepherd & Co., 1828
1640:Hassler, Ferdinand Rudolph (1825).
1613:Hassler, Ferdinand Rudolph (1826).
1596:Hassler, Ferdinand Rudolph (1829).
1540:Hassler, Ferdinand Rudolph (1828).
1320:Hassler, Ferdinand Rudolph (1832).
521:, New York, G & C Carvill, 1828
502:Elements of Analytical Trigonometry
230:as professor of mathematics at the
16:Swiss-American surveyor (1770-1845)
13:
1281:
1188:
1151:
1044:
1018:
976:
934:"Hassler, Ferdinand Rudolph"
575:
527:, New York, James Bloomfield, 1826
21:NOAAS Ferdinand R. Hassler (S 250)
14:
1895:
1654:
947:
788:
726:US Department of Commerce, NOAA.
356:United States Bureau of Standards
122:United States Treasury Department
1874:Union College (New York) faculty
1301:
910:. American Philosophical Society
884:
818:
776:
742:
304:) which was the property of the
254:In 1811, he was employed by the
226:, he was appointed by President
137:
1633:
1606:
1602:. G. & C. & H. Carvill.
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424:He was elected a member of the
218:He was elected a member of the
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861:
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306:American Philosophical Society
232:United States Military Academy
220:American Philosophical Society
114:United States Military Academy
1:
1557:Sarton, George (1929-09-01).
1178:Bigourdan, Guillaume (1901).
810:Cochrane, Rexmond C. (1966).
684:
196:Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre
1704:F.R. Hassler Exhibition 2007
1448:"About Ferdinand R. Hassler"
1196:length by Sir Henry James",
1133:Greenhouse, Lisa A. (1998).
1080:Philbrick, Nathaniel (2003)
874:celebrating200years.noaa.gov
477:was also named for Hassler.
426:American Antiquarian Society
244:Union College at Schenectady
7:
1326:. D. Green. pp. xviii.
1031:"Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler"
841:"Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler"
543:
10:
1900:
1223:Lenzen, Victor F. (1965).
1198:Philosophical Transactions
454:The iron-hulled steamship
118:United States Coast Survey
75:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
18:
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606:Linklater, Andro (2002).
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405:Secretary of the Treasury
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148:Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler
136:
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127:
109:
99:
92:
82:
59:
44:
35:
30:Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler
28:
1839:American science writers
1681:Discover Lewis and Clarc
1372:Parr, Albert C. (2006).
986:Cajori, Florian (1921).
908:www.search.amphilsoc.org
170:Early life and education
1477:Campbell, W.W. (1924).
1426:www.sactuaries.noaa.gov
262:of the U.S. coast. An
1806:Alexander Dallas Bache
1546:. G. & C. Carvill.
1207:10.1098/rstl.1873.0014
992:The Scientific Monthly
964:www2.vcdh.virginia.edu
701:US National Archives.
439:
332:United States Congress
272:United States Congress
434:
192:Jean-Charles de Borda
1688:at surveyhistory.org
1390:10.6028/jres.111.003
904:"APS Member History"
707:catalog.archives.gov
651:10.6028/jres.111.003
565:Polyconic projection
555:History of the metre
511:Other publications:
473:Ferdinand R. Hassler
444:Laurel Hill Cemetery
437:Laurel Hill Cemetery
395:having 5760 grains.
188:Johann Georg Tralles
87:Laurel Hill Cemetery
1884:American geodesists
1712:Government offices
1661:Hassler's biography
1458:on 26 February 2022
1061:www.lewis-clark.org
1004:1921SciMo..13..117C
268:Survey of the Coast
260:hydrographic survey
250:U.S. coastal survey
246:from 1810 to 1811.
164:Survey of the Coast
1844:American surveyors
1697:2006-06-19 at the
1675:2006-10-02 at the
1342:www.f-r-hassler.ch
1109:www.f-r-hassler.ch
1040:. 19 October 2003.
766:www.f-r-hassler.ch
440:
336:United States Army
301:Mètre des Archives
184:University of Bern
1864:People from Aarau
1812:
1811:
1803:Succeeded by
1780:Succeeded by
1755:Succeeded by
1732:Succeeded by
1686:Ferdinand Hassler
1670:Hassler's Dilemma
1626:978-0-608-37752-0
1452:www.omao.noaa.gov
848:www.westpoint.edu
625:978-0-8027-1396-4
596:978-0-405-12535-5
446:in Philadelphia.
274:. He was sent to
204:Antoine Lavoisier
145:
144:
94:Scientific career
63:November 20, 1843
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1788:Preceded by
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408:Samuel D. Ingham
385:Pound Troy, 1824
327:Washington, D.C.
240:Secretary of War
228:Thomas Jefferson
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576:Further reading
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486:Hassler Whitney
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413:Troughton scale
393:Pound Troy,1824
365:Albert Gallatin
360:Act of Congress
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264:Act of Congress
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224:Albert Gallatin
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158:(NOAA) and the
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48:October 6, 1770
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110:Institutions
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1829:1843 deaths
1824:1770 births
1525:27 February
1487:27 February
1462:26 February
1432:27 February
1273:19 November
1143:27 February
914:27 February
550:Fire Island
471:NOAAS
468:survey ship
373:Henry Kater
325:arrived in
284:War of 1812
258:to begin a
180:Switzerland
1818:Categories
1800:1836-1843
1777:1832–1836
1729:1816–1818
1569:(1): 121.
1347:2021-11-10
1114:2021-11-11
1067:2021-11-12
969:2021-11-11
879:2021-11-11
771:2021-11-11
737:2021-11-11
712:2022-11-08
685:References
377:troy pound
369:ambassador
67:1843-11-21
1583:0021-1753
1241:0003-049X
1235:(1): 31.
1012:0096-3771
659:2165-7254
428:in 1838.
210:in 1805.
132:Signature
1695:Archived
1673:Archived
1408:27274915
1267:bipm.org
677:27274915
585:(1980).
544:See also
152:surveyor
104:Surveyor
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1000:Bibcode
853:2 March
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280:England
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389:grains
310:France
276:France
214:Career
100:Fields
1679:from
1516:JSTOR
1245:JSTOR
1034:(PDF)
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616:310 p
560:Metre
176:Aarau
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620:ISBN
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463:The
314:Peru
312:and
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202:and
60:Died
45:Born
1663:at
1571:doi
1512:138
1394:PMC
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