4027:, Atatürk's secretary, quotes Atatürk on the subject of his successor, "Of course, the right to speak and elect belongs to nation and its representative Grand National Assembly. But I'll state my opinion about this issue. Firstly İsmet Paşa comes to mind; he has performed many great contributions to this country. However, for some reason he seems not to get (sic) public sympathy. So he should not be very attractive (sic). And Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak, he has great contributions in this country and also he fared well with everyone, he always has appreciated opinions of owners of authority; he is in a fight with nobody. In this regard, I think he is the most appropriate friend for the Head of State". Atatürk'ten Hatıralar
572:
560:
529:
516:
4804:
1366:
3667:, Erkan-ı Harbiye Mektebi Matbaası, İstanbul, 1927, p. 475, modern Turkish text: ... 6 Haziran 1329 sabahı Karadeniz, akşama doğru da Gülcemal, seman iskelesinden hareket ettiler. Ben de Gülcemal'de indim. Garbî Rumeli'nde beş asırlık Türk hâkimiyetine veda ettik. Güneş batarken Arnavutluk sahilleri tedricen gözümüzün önünden siliniyordu. Atalarımızın asırlarca müdded kanlarıyla suladığı ve eski yeni birçok şühedamızın gömüldüğü vatan parçasının terki kalplerimizde nâ kabul izale acılar, hasretler tevlîd ediyordu. Cehalet ve politika kurbanı olan Garbî Rumeli elyevm elîm hicrânlar içinde çırpınmakadır.
56:
1209:
583:
607:
979:
1712:
1192:. We've bid farewell to five centuries of Turkish rule of Western Rumelia. When the sun went down, the coast of Albania was gradually ceasing to be visible in front of our eyes. The cession of the part of our homeland, where our ancestors irrigated with their blood for centuries and many old and new martyrs were buried, brought unacceptable heartbreak and nostalgia to our hearts. Today, Western Rumelia that is the victim of ignorance and politics, was fluttering in pathetic sorrows.
1856:
1690:
1729:
1624:
1561:
1510:
1146:( 23–24 October 1912), Fevzi wrote that the distributions of the Ottoman forces over a wide area gave initiative to the enemy and that mobilization and concentration plan was poorly designed and flawed. He also noted that there were great deficiencies in artillery, wireless, and air units. But he wrote that he had put the idea of creating a six-corps army of one hundred thousand men operation on interior lines from the Monastir (present day:
5279:
4609:
4867:
541:
1358:
5229:
488:
1157:( 16–19 November 1912), his younger brother Muhtar Efendi was killed in action at the heights of Oblakovo, northwest of Bitola. After the defeat at the Battle of Bitola, he wrote that the Vardar Army's effective strength for its 78 infantry battalions was 39,398 men. The Vardar Army retreated to Albania. On 10 May, because Colonel
899:. to mother Hesna Hanım, daughter of Varnalı Hacı Bekir Efendi, who was the youngest son of Ömer Ağa, and father Ali Sırrı Efendi, who was the son of Çakmakoğlu Hüseyin Derviş Kaptan. Ali Sırrı Efendi had served for Tophane (Arsenal) as secretary. In 1879 Ali Sırrı Bey was appointed to Black Sea Artillery Regiment (
1053:, took to the hills with 200 soldiers and a number of civilians, and issued a manifesto which demanded the restoration of constitutional government. Şemsi Pasha, an ethnic Albanian, was ordered to crush the rebel and went to Monastir with two battalions. But he was shot and killed by then Second Lieutenant
1488:
On 9 November, in addition to his existing tasks, he was temporarily appointed Vice
Minister of the Chief of the General Staff, because the Chief of the General Staff İsmet Bey was continuously at the front as the commander of Western Front. On 24 January 1921, in addition to his other tasks, he
1294:
On 15 February 1918, he wrote to Erich von
Falkenhayn, serious problems with the inefficient lines of communication and the supply and recruiting zone proportionate with the strength and situation of the army. Moreover, he mentioned that here were combat skills proficiency problems caused by the
1094:). On 19 October, he went back to Istanbul to continue his task at the 4th department of the General Staff. On 11 February 1912, he was appointed to the member of the committee that was formed under the chairmanship of the Minister of the Interior Hacı Adil Bey with the decision about reform of
1067:), and at the same time, the commander of the 35th Brigade . On 15 January 1910, he was temporarily assigned to the headquarters of the Kosovo Provisional Corps, on 29 September, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel and on 27 July, became the chief of staff of the same corps.
1843:
His name was mentioned as a possible successor of Atatürk and as a
Turkish war hero he was very respected amongst the Turkish political and civil society. But he denied his interest of becoming president mentioning Ismet Inönü as the official candidate.
969:
On 28 January 1898, he entered the
Imperial War Academy and on 16 March 1897, he was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant. On 25 December 1898, he graduated from Academy as a staff captain and was assigned to the 4th department of the General Staff.
5705:
1251:
On 6 December 1915, he served concurrently as the commander of the
Anafartalar Group. In April 1916, he was appointed to the 3rd military district of Eastern Front and on 7 September 1916, to the commander of
4501:
5665:
1161:(Sedes), who was the chief of staff of the Vardar Army, went to Istanbul, and Fevzi was deputized the chief of staff. On 19 June, the headquarters of the Vardar Army evacuated from the pier on the
1325:
ratified the decision about the establishing of army inspectorates that had been accepted by the Chief of
General Staff On 14 May 1919, he was appointed to the commander of the Inspector of the
5660:
3911:
Suny, Ronald Grigor; Göçek, Fatma Müge; Gocek, Fatma Muge; Naimark, Norman M.; Naimark, Robert and
Florence McDonnell Professor of East European Studies Norman M. (23 February 2011).
3290:
4957:
4855:
835:
as the Chief of
General Staff in August 1921 and continued serving after the Turkish Republic was declared in 1923. Adopting the surname 'Çakmak', he was a candidate to succeed
5107:
843:
after Atatürk's death in 1938, but stood down in favour of İnönü. He continued to serve as Chief of
General Staff until 1944, after which he became a Member of Parliament for
4597:
1287:
and the eastern half of the
Palestine Front on 28 October. But Falkenhayn gave an alternate set of orders on the same day, giving command of all units on the Sinai Front to
5039:
5630:
3683:
5685:
753:
and assigned to the 4th Department of the General Staff, Mustafa Fevzi participated in numerous battles during the prolonged downfall of the Ottoman Empire, such as the
915:
991:
4962:
4967:
4237:
3349:
1158:
5700:
5635:
4848:
5024:
4024:
3800:
904:
5044:
5267:
5117:
5102:
5092:
5019:
4575:
4178:
5640:
5158:
1305:
After World War I, on 24 December 1918, Fevzi Pasha was appointed to the Chief of the General Staff of the Ottoman Empire. In April 1919, he met with
4590:
4258:
5054:
5034:
4977:
4946:
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5725:
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3912:
5148:
4251:
1318:
5600:
4972:
4871:
4374:
732:
644:
4999:
4833:
1070:
On 15 January 1911, he was assigned to the 4th department of the General Staff. On 2 October 1911, when he was staying in İşkodra (present day:
5143:
5245:
5690:
5695:
5655:
4583:
3321:, p. 2, TBMM Arşivi; VIII. Dönem İstanbul millet vekili Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın hâl tercümesi, sicil no. 293, defter no. 486, zarf no. 32.
5610:
1792:
1229:
1317:) to establish army inspectorate for the defense of homeland. In late April, Fevzi Pasha submitted this report to the Minister of War
5605:
5291:
4617:
4536:
4409:
4378:
1288:
736:
716:
533:
5620:
5615:
5720:
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3378:
1041:
and elected the member of the secret board of directors of the Metroviça branch of the committee. On 3 July 1908, Senior Captain
910:
He studied at Sadık Hoca Mektebi in Rumeli Kavağı between 1882 and 1884. He continued to study at Tedrisiye-i Haybiye Mektebi in
172:
4271:
1700:: Chief of General Staff Mareşal Fevzi (Çakmak), President Gazi Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk), Speaker of the Grand National Assembly
5645:
3680:
3541:
Identity and Identity Formation in the Ottoman Middle East and the Balkans: A Volume of the Essays in Honor of Norman Itzkowitz
1956:
1197:
462:
5228:
4009:
3955:
3922:
3715:
3318:
848:
724:
229:
3681:"Mülâzım-ı Evvel Mehmed Nazif Efendi'nin Conkbayırı'nda Şehit Düşüşü ve Buna İlişkin Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk)'in Bir Mektubu"
1541:
4557:
4532:
4292:
1482:
1196:
On 2 August 1913, he was appointed to the commander of the Ankara Reserve Division, on 6 November, to the commander of the
708:
323:
285:
5715:
1256:, which consisted of the 5th, 11th and 37th Caucasian divisions. On 5 July 1917, he was appointed to the commander of the
4605:
3778:
1819:
In 1930, he complained that the Kurds would still demand their right for self-determination like it was described in the
1595:, on 5 August 1921, he resigned as the Minister of War and was appointed the Minister of the Chief of the General Staff.
1253:
1244:
of the 1st Company of the 2nd Battalion of the 64th Regiment, Lieutenant Mehmed Nazif Efendi was killed in action in the
628:
1974:
5253:
4613:
4118:
Ahmet Çakmak named 2000 SEAS Distinguished Professor of the department of operations research and financial engineering
3346:
1765:
786:
640:
3874:
Sadri Karakoyunlu, "Sakarya Meydan Muharebesi'nin Yankıları (Melhâme-i Kübrâ Büyük Kan Seli veya büyük Savaş Alanı)",
1326:
5670:
4405:
4034:
3762:
3596:
487:
5735:
4863:
1925:
1038:
950:
on 29 April 1893. He completed the military school as the seventh of the class on 28 January 1896 and joined the
720:
469:
114:
1014:
languages to read their newspapers for collecting information. On 20 April 1900, he was promoted to the rank of
5650:
5625:
5275:
1980:
1804:
951:
1279:
until 18 October and began to move his headquarters forward to Halilürrahman and arrived there on 23 October.
5710:
4474:
1420:
1268:
1079:
792:. After briefly serving as War Minister in 1920, Fevzi left to join the dissident Grand National Assembly in
636:
620:
576:
4733:
4738:
4444:
1272:
1257:
632:
31:
1472:
The Ottoman Military Court declared a death sentence for him, in absentia. This sentence was published in
4288:
3429:
Nusret Baycan, "Büyük Taarruz'da Komuta Kademelerinde Görev Alanlarla Üst Düzeydeki Karargâh Subayları",
1868:
1416:
1408:
999:
939:
852:
812:
782:
670:
654:
451:
17:
4987:
1875:, Istanbul, on 12 April 1950. His family rejected an effort to exhume his body and effect a transfer to
1740:
1635:
1572:
1521:
1443:
862:
Fevzi Çakmak remains, alongside Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, as one of the only two field marshals of Turkey.
5188:
1130:
On 29 September 1912, he was appointed to the chief of the 1st department (chief of operations) of the
1095:
5420:
4272:"Bir telefon bile etmedi. Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak’ın Amerika’daki öz torunu Ahmet Çakmak VATAN’a konuştu"
4117:
819:. He succeeded Mustafa Kemal as Prime Minister in 1921, resigning in 1922 to engage in the successful
5378:
4822:
4748:
4678:
3897:
3879:
3806:
3434:
856:
5283:
5112:
1811:
Following this report, three of such Inspectorates–General were established in the Kurdish areas.
1217:
955:
762:
728:
624:
71:
5497:
5307:
4484:
4466:
4454:
4434:
4398:
3947:
1693:
1655:
836:
808:
252:
193:
137:
94:
5393:
4129:
Ahmet Çakmak, Professor Emeritus, the department of operations research and financial engineering
1295:
inability of his under-strength army to withdraw front-line units for training in the rear area.
5559:
5549:
3942:
The Settlement Issue in Turkey and the Kurds: An Analysis of Spatial Policies, Modernity and War
3892:
Zekeriya Türkmen, "Özdemir Bey’in Musul Harekatı ve İngilizlerin Karşı Tedbirleri (1921–1923)",
1659:
1435:
1412:
1060:
On 19 August 1909, he was demoted to major, because of the Law for the Purge of Military Ranks.
820:
4245:
1876:
55:
4673:
1365:
1306:
5415:
5356:
5346:
4628:
4525:
1780:
1705:
1545:
1396:
1245:
832:
770:
674:
209:
197:
3939:
3000:
990:
On 11 April 1899, he became the staff officer of 18th Regular Division under the command of
896:
5595:
5590:
5097:
5079:
5064:
4941:
4105:
4097:
2996:
1548:(İnönü) and was able to stop the retreat of the Army of Grand National Assembly afterward.
1385:
1280:
946:) between 1890 and 1893. After graduating from the Kuleli military high school, he entered
907:, and the family moved there. Thus, Fevzi's name in the Army became "Kavaklı Fevzi Pasha".
797:
707:) and politician. He served as the Chief of General Staff from 1918 and 1919 and later the
5372:
5014:
4936:
4758:
4753:
3976:"Dersim Massacre, 1937-1938 | Sciences Po Mass Violence and Resistance - Research Network"
1208:
922:) between 1886 and 1887, at Soğukçeşme Askerî Rüşdiyesi between 1887 and 1890. He learned
8:
3940:
1400:
1237:
840:
5513:
5507:
5475:
5465:
5455:
5425:
5183:
5138:
4926:
4921:
4911:
4896:
4728:
3837:
Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri
3573:
Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri
3499:
Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri
3468:
Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri
1701:
1663:
1424:
1054:
828:
703:
610:
43:
4693:
4515:
4494:
4308:
2992:
1670:
1404:
1377:
1346:
1310:
1221:
1154:
1143:
1063:
On 29 December 1908 he was appointed as governor and commander of Taşlıca (present day
1023:
1007:
995:
983:
892:
789:
766:
758:
740:
378:
366:
350:
316:
5554:
5084:
4663:
3665:
Garbî Rumeli'nin Suret-i Ziya-ı ve Balkan Harbinde Garp Cephesi Hakkında. Konferanslar
3539:
Nilüfer Hatemi, "Marshal Fevzi Cakmak’s Family and Education: A Formation Process" in
1995:
Garbî Rumeli'nin Suret-i Ziya-ı ve Balkan Harbinde Garp Cephesi Hakkında. Konferanslar
1831:, and demanded the exclusion of any member of Kurdish race from the administration in
5529:
5198:
4668:
4658:
4360:
4030:
4005:
3971:
3951:
3918:
3794:
3758:
3711:
3592:
3314:
3011:
1919:
1913:
1891:
1599:
1592:
1241:
1075:
1011:
959:
816:
658:
354:
161:
4088:, appendix: 25, İstanbul Milletvekili Seçilen Fevzi Paşa için tanzim edilen tutanak.
1342:
1118:
and on 3 July, to the deputy commander of the 21st Infantry Division at Yakova (now
1087:
312:
5218:
5208:
5193:
5132:
4782:
4774:
4743:
4718:
4638:
4567:
2511:
2496:
1895:
1883:
1796:
1784:
1373:
1228:. He arrived at the Gallipoli Front on 13 July and command his corps in battles of
1139:
1107:
1103:
1091:
1042:
1003:
927:
754:
747:
682:
678:
221:
5539:
5470:
5460:
5445:
5409:
5069:
5059:
5029:
4931:
4916:
1950:
1872:
441:
5203:
4284:
3687:
3353:
1887:
1820:
1474:
1389:
1050:
947:
923:
778:
666:
5544:
5534:
5524:
5519:
5502:
5480:
5403:
5178:
5009:
4698:
4648:
1302:. But in August 1918 he fell ill and went to Istanbul to get medical treatment.
606:
5398:
5168:
5004:
4993:
4982:
4723:
4713:
4505:
4350:
4316:
4098:"Cakmak, Irby, Keaney, Miner, Obeyesekere, Peebles transfer to emeritus status"
1968:
1962:
1824:
1803:), which recommended the suppression of the Kurdish elite and establishment of
1431:
1111:
978:
888:
884:
750:
712:
521:
474:
414:
327:
289:
5485:
5361:
4793:
4763:
5584:
4643:
1907:
1711:
1678:
1494:
1015:
824:
698:
5163:
3914:
A Question of Genocide: Armenians and Turks at the End of the Ottoman Empire
1337:
and on 31 December, he was appointed to the member of the Military Council (
1261:
5366:
5173:
4787:
4703:
4683:
4128:
1941:
1466:
1370:
1299:
1115:
1046:
807:
He was appointed as National Defence Minister and Deputy Prime Minister by
801:
587:
565:
1864:
1855:
1689:
430:
5435:
5383:
5351:
5322:
5213:
5153:
5074:
5049:
4906:
4901:
4768:
4708:
4688:
3975:
3527:, Sayı: 83, Nisan 1991, Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları, Ankara, 1991, p. 56.
1828:
1808:
1439:
1162:
1135:
1131:
938:
and was one of the prominent intelligentsia at the time. He continued to
662:
30:"Fevzi Pasha" redirects here. For other people known as Fevzi Pasha, see
4220:
1728:
1623:
1560:
1509:
1078:(29 September 1911 – 18 October 1912) broke out, he was assigned to the
5450:
5430:
5388:
5317:
5127:
4951:
4891:
4653:
4419:
4388:
4052:
1934:
1090:. On 6 October, he was appointed governor of İpek Sancağı (present day
278:
106:
5706:
Recipients of the Medal of Independence with Red-Green Ribbon (Turkey)
1771:
He quit politics by resigning from the parliament on 31 October 1924.
1071:
911:
5491:
5440:
1598:
The Army of Grand National Assembly defeated the Greek forces at the
1322:
1313:
secretly in Constantinople and prepared a report called "Trio Oath" (
1284:
930:
languages from his grandfather Hacı Bekir Efendi, who had studied in
3755:
Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918–1920)
1457:
on 27 April 1920. On 3 May, he was elected the Minister of Defense (
1832:
1450:
1064:
880:
876:
844:
831:) in 1922 at the recommendation of Mustafa Kemal. He had succeeded
410:
406:
3291:
List of high-ranking commanders of the Turkish War of Independence
1696:'s 1933 speech at the 10th anniversary of the Republic of Turkey,
1428:
1393:
1225:
1119:
1099:
1083:
1031:
935:
4086:
Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın askerî ve siyasî faaliyetleri, 1876–1950
3863:
Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın askerî ve siyasî faaliyetleri, 1876–1950
3850:
Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın askerî ve siyasî faaliyetleri, 1876–1950
3652:
Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın askerî ve siyasî faaliyetleri, 1876–1950
3639:
Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın askerî ve siyasî faaliyetleri, 1876–1950
3512:
Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın askerî ve siyasî faaliyetleri, 1876–1950
3405:
Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın askerî ve siyasî faaliyetleri, 1876–1950
3311:
Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın askerî ve siyasî faaliyetleri, 1876–1950
1540:
Fevzi Çakmak took control of the Army after the Turkish loss in
5666:
Turkish military personnel of the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
5332:
5278:
4875:
4608:
1603:
1454:
1357:
1276:
1147:
1122:), on 6 August, to the staff of the General Forces of Kosovo .
811:
in 1920, commanding numerous military successes throughout the
793:
777:
and the Chief of General Staff of the Ottoman Empire after the
546:
456:
72:
Prime Minister of the Government of the Grand National Assembly
4248:
Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
3742:
Ottoman Army Effectiveness in World War I: A comparative study
3729:
Ottoman Army Effectiveness in World War I: A comparative study
3708:
Ottoman Army Effectiveness in World War I: A comparative study
1216:
On 22 December 1913, he was appointed to the commander of the
5661:
Turkish military personnel of the Turkish War of Independence
931:
774:
3626:
Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913
3589:
Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913
1673:
has had up till now. So even today, an unspecified nickname
1200:
and on 24 November, he was promoted to the rank of colonel.
1774:
1291:
until the new command arrangements would become functional
4160:
Büyük Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın Askerî Dehâsı, Siyasî Hayatı
1761:
On 14 August 1923, he was elected a deputy from Istanbul.
1114:). 9 May, he was appointed to a secretariat formed in the
851:. He later resigned from the Democrats and co-founded the
4254:
Manuscripts Division. 2002. Princeton University Library.
1669:
They were and still are the only field marshals that the
1449:
After the resignation of Salih Pasha Cabinet, he went to
1267:
On 9 October 1917, he was assigned to the command of the
3470:, Genelkurmay Başkanlığı Basımevi, Ankara, 1972, p. 52.
3379:"Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın Büyük Dedesi'nin Mezarı ve Evi"
1863:
He died on the morning of 10 April 1950 in his house in
1212:
Portrait of Marashall Fevzi Çakmak by Hüseyin Avni Lifij
1142:(8 October 1912 – 30 May 1913), after the defeat at the
1983:
with Red-Green Ribbon (21 November 1923) & Citation
1662:. On 31 August 1922, he was promoted to rank of Müşir (
1369:
Commanders of the Army of Ankara government: 1st line:
1838:
1037:
According to some researchers, he was in contact with
954:
as an infantryman where he saw combat during the 1897
4185:, Tercüman Aile ve Kültür Kitaplığı, İstanbul, 1986.
3910:
1898:. He spoke French and translated English and German.
1783:, he was a member of the Reform Council of the East (
769:, during which his younger brother was killed in the
1766:
Chief of the General Staff of the Republic of Turkey
1611:
On 12 July 1922, he resigned as the Prime Minister.
1453:
to participate in the national movement arriving at
5631:
Ottoman military personnel of the Italo-Turkish War
3607:
3605:
3466:T.C. Genelkurmay Harp Tarihi Başkanlığı Yayınları,
1997:, Erkan-ı Harbiye Mektebi Matbaası, İstanbul, 1927.
5686:Recipients of the Order of the Medjidie, 5th class
4170:Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak: büyük milletin, büyük askeri
3917:. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 301–302.
1224:. On 2 March 1915, he was promoted to the rank of
4072:, 26 ncı yıl Sayı: 9223, Thursday 13 April 1950.
5582:
4056:, 26 ncı yıl Sayı: 9221, Tuesday 11 April 1950.
3831:
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3799:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
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1779:In September 1925, after the suppression of the
1481:He became one of the founders of the "Official"
1321:. On 30 April 1919, the War Ministry and Sultan
1298:On 28 July 1918, he was promoted to the rank of
739:and the first Chief of the General Staff of the
697:(12 January 1876 – 10 April 1950) was a Turkish
27:Turkish field marshal and politician (1876–1950)
3675:
3673:
1150:) area. The Vardar Army retreated to Monastir.
5701:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 2nd class
1500:
891:origin. Their ancestors came to Istanbul from
5636:Ottoman military personnel of the Balkan Wars
5261:
4849:
4591:
4050:"Mareşal Fevzi Çakmağı dün sabah kaybettik",
3814:
3550:
3476:
3441:
1333:). On 3 November, he assigned to the task in
1138:, formed within the Western Army. During the
875:Mustafa Fevzi was born on 12 January 1876 in
4218:Adnan Çakmak, "Fevzi Çakmak'ın Hatıraları",
3670:
3583:
3581:
1666:) with the recommendation of Mustafa Kemal.
3391:Millı̂ Kültür, p;7, Kültür Bakanlığı (1990)
3368:Millı̂ Kültür, p;7, Kültür Bakanlığı (1990)
1959:, 2nd class (Austria-Hungary, 3 April 1917)
1715:Fevzi Çakmak posing in front of an aircraft
5268:
5254:
4856:
4842:
4598:
4584:
4150:Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak: Askerî Hususî Hayatı
4002:Eternal Dawn: Turkey in the Age of Atatürk
3694:, LVIII/222 (Ağustos, 1994), pp. 451–459.
1965:with Swords, 2nd class (23 September 1917)
1882:He knew French, English, German, Russian,
1188:, left pier at Seman. I also got on board
781:and was appointed as the commander of the
54:
5641:Ottoman military personnel of World War I
3937:
3578:
1901:
1764:On 3 March 1924, he was appointed as the
761:. He was engaged as the Commander of the
717:Government of the Grand National Assembly
715:in 1920. He later joined the provisional
4004:. Oxford University Press. p. 383.
3999:
3545:International Journal of Turkish Studies
1854:
1775:Member of the Reform Council in the East
1710:
1688:
1364:
1356:
1345:Cabinet (3 February – 3 March 1920) and
1240:. On 8 August, his younger brother, the
1207:
977:
185:5 August 1921 – 12 January 1944
5731:Nation Party (Turkey, 1948) politicians
5726:Members of the 1st government of Turkey
5681:Ministers of national defence of Turkey
4224:, 10 April – 20 May 1975 (41 volumes).
4172:, Milliyetçi Yayınlar, İstanbul, 1968.
3523:Ayfer Özçelik, "Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak",
1971:with Swords, 1st class (7 January 1918)
1937:, 2nd class (Germany, 26 December 1915)
1719:
340:24 December 1918 – 14 May 1919
302:3 February 1920 – 2 April 1920
84:24 January 1921 – 12 July 1922
14:
5601:20th-century prime ministers of Turkey
5583:
4285:Newspaper clippings about Fevzi Çakmak
4068:"Mareşal Çakmağı Dün Toprağa Verdik",
3970:
3399:
3397:
1867:. His funeral service was held at the
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2019:
2017:
2015:
2002:Büyük Harpte Şark Cephesi Hareketleri
1493:) and on 3 April, he was promoted to
870:
746:Graduating from the War College as a
731:from 1921 to 1922. He was the second
127:3 May 1920 – 24 January 1921
5691:Recipients of the Gold Imtiyaz Medal
4558:Chief of the General Staff of Turkey
4195:, Kastaş Yayınları, İstanbul, 2006.
3757:, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001,
1947:War Medal (Germany, 21 October 1916)
1723:
1618:
1555:
1551:
1504:
1341:). He became the Minister of War of
1173:and arrived at Istanbul on 22 June.
5696:Recipients of the Gold Liakat Medal
5656:Chiefs of the Turkish General Staff
4205:, Ötüken Neşriyat, İstanbul, 2008.
4183:Kahraman Asker Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak
4152:, Yeni Asır Matbaası, İzmir, 1946.
3394:
1839:Candidate to be Atatürk's successor
1086:under the command of Birinci Ferik
1082:that was formed for the defense of
242:3 May 1920 – 5 August 1921
24:
5611:Kuleli Military High School alumni
4821:indicates Acting Chief during the
4562:29 October 1923 – 12 January 1944
4252:"Fevzi Çakmak Diaries, 1911–1950."
4162:, Sinan Matbaası, İstanbul, 1962.
4137:
3896:, Sayı 49, Cilt: XVII, Mart 2001,
3547:, 13:1&2, (Fall 2007): p. 203.
2004:, Gen.Kur. Basımevi, Ankara, 1936.
1614:
1349:Cabinet (8 March – 2 April 1920).
973:
25:
5747:
4231:
3894:Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi
3876:Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi
3431:Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi
1814:
1684:
1465:) as a parliamentary deputy from
1045:stationed at Resne (present day:
5606:Military personnel from Istanbul
5277:
5227:
4865:
4802:
4607:
4541:5 August 1921 – 29 October 1923
3938:Jongerden, Joost (28 May 2007).
3878:, Sayı 31, Cilt: XI, Mart 1995,
3433:, Sayı 26, Cilt: IX, Mart 1993,
1727:
1622:
1559:
1508:
1485:established on 18 October 1920.
1180:On the morning of June 6, 1329,
605:
581:
570:
558:
539:
527:
514:
486:
5621:Ottoman Military College alumni
5616:Ottoman Military Academy alumni
4510:24 December 1918 – 14 May 1919
4479:9 October 1917 – 7 August 1918
4321:3 February 1920 – 3 March 1920
4203:Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak: 1876–1950
4122:
4111:
4091:
4078:
4062:
4044:
4018:
3993:
3964:
3931:
3904:
3886:
3868:
3855:
3842:
3771:
3747:
3734:
3657:
3644:
3631:
3618:
3533:
3517:
3504:
3313:, Genelkurmay Basım Evi, 1997,
1847:He retired on 12 January 1944.
1331:Birinci Ordu Kıt'aatı Müfettişi
1039:Committee of Union and Progress
470:Committee of Union and Progress
115:Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey
5721:People of the Dersim rebellion
5676:Government ministers of Turkey
5573:denote acting prime ministers.
4414:24 January 1921 – 9 July 1922
3980:dersim-massacre-1937-1938.html
3423:
3410:
3385:
3371:
3362:
3340:
3327:
3303:
2510:(1884 – 16 November 1912
2008:
1789:Turkish: Şark İslahat Encümeni
1463:Heyet-i Vekile Riyaseti Vekili
1203:
1125:
982:Railway station of Metroviça (
783:First Army Troops Inspectorate
13:
1:
5646:Turks from the Ottoman Empire
4872:Ministers of National Defense
4449:5 July 1917 – 9 October 1917
4029:, Yapıkredi Yayınları, 2004,
3779:"Fotoğraflarla Büyük Taarruz"
3356:, Chief of the General Staff
3296:
1793:Report for Reform in the East
1658:planned and commandeered the
1234:İkinci Kerevizdere Muharebesi
4375:Minister of National Defense
4355:8 March 1920 – 2 April 1920
1916:, 5th class (22 August 1900)
1327:1st Army Troops Inspectorate
865:
725:Minister of National Defense
641:1st Army Troops Inspectorate
230:Minister of National Defense
32:Fevzi Pasha (disambiguation)
7:
4383:3 May 1920 – 5 August 1921
4289:20th Century Press Archives
4265:, Sayı: 800, 5 April 2010.
4238:General Staff official site
4212:
3284:
2495:(1882 – 8 August 1915
1977:(Württemberg, 19 June 1918)
1910:in Silver (23 January 1900)
1871:and he was laid to rest in
1501:Battle of Kütahya-Eskişehir
1461:) and Vice Prime Minister (
1220:. His corps engaged in the
1153:On 16 November, during the
1134:under the command of Ferik
1030:) and on 17 December 1907,
1018:, on 20 April 1902, Major (
940:Kuleli Military High School
813:Turkish War of Independence
671:Turkish War of Independence
466:(Turkish Republic, 1946–48)
10:
5752:
4533:Chief of the General Staff
4502:Chief of the General Staff
1953:in Gold (11 November 1916)
1922:, 4th class (17 July 1906)
1478:newspaper on 30 May 1920.
1361:A portrait of Fevzi Çakmak
994:at Metroviça (present day
914:between 1884 and 1886, at
733:Chief of the General Staff
645:Chief of the General Staff
324:5th Chief of General Staff
29:
5568:
5331:
5290:
5284:Prime ministers of Turkey
5236:
5225:
4882:
4823:2016 Turkish coup attempt
4811:
4800:
4624:
4564:
4555:
4550:
4530:
4522:
4512:
4499:
4491:
4481:
4471:
4463:
4451:
4441:
4431:
4426:
4416:
4403:
4395:
4385:
4372:
4367:
4357:
4347:
4336:
4323:
4313:
4305:
4300:
4102:Princeton Weekly Bulletin
3807:Afyon Kocatepe University
3352:27 September 2010 at the
3136:
3134:
3132:
3094:
3090:
3084:
3006:
2921:
2919:
2887:
2860:
2846:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2775:
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2172:
2170:
2168:
2148:
2127:
2107:
2098:
1931:Silver (18 November 1915)
1823:provided by US president
1273:Sinai and Palestine Front
688:
650:
616:
601:
593:
553:
509:
504:
494:
482:
447:
437:
420:
393:
388:
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372:
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178:
170:
155:
143:
131:
120:
112:
100:
88:
77:
69:
65:
53:
41:
5716:Burials at Eyüp Cemetery
5671:Field marshals of Turkey
5292:Government of the Grand
4142:
3663:Fevzi Çakmak (Mareşal),
1993:Fevzi Çakmak (Mareşal),
1987:
1850:
1409:Kemalettin Sami (Gökçen)
948:Ottoman Military College
920:Selânik Askerî Rüşdiyesi
916:Salonica Military School
729:Prime Minister of Turkey
5108:Ahmet İhsan Birincioğlu
4485:Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk)
4467:Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk)
4455:Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk)
4435:Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk)
4399:Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk)
4349:Minister of War of the
4315:Minister of War of the
4259:"Mareşal'in gözyaşları"
4000:Gingeras, Ryan (2019).
1807:that where governed by
1491:Heyet-i Vekile Riyaseti
1489:became Prime Minister (
5736:Anti-Kurdish sentiment
4545:Office disestablished
3009:Noriko Nagafuji Çakmak
2000:Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak,
1902:Medals and decorations
1877:Turkish State Cemetery
1860:
1800:
1791:) which delivered the
1788:
1716:
1708:
1681:) means Fevzi Çakmak.
1446:
1436:Mehmet Sabri (Erçetin)
1413:Cafer Tayyar (Eğilmez)
1362:
1289:Kress von Kressenstein
1283:gave Fevzi control of
1213:
1194:
1165:aboard the steamships
987:
173:Chief of General Staff
5651:Turkish Army generals
5626:Ottoman Army generals
5308:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
5189:Sabahattin Çakmakoğlu
4734:İsmail Hakkı Karadayı
4618:Turkish General Staff
4309:Hulusi Salih (Kezrak)
3690:, Türk Tarih Kurumu,
3543:, Baki Tezcan (ed.),
1981:Medal of Independence
1858:
1827:following the end of
1805:Inspectorates-General
1781:Sheikh Said rebellion
1714:
1702:Kâzım Köprülü (Özalp)
1692:
1444:Ömer Halis (Bıyıktay)
1421:Şükrü Naili (Gökberk)
1401:Ali Sait (Akbaytogan)
1368:
1360:
1246:Battle of Chunuk Bair
1211:
1198:2nd Infantry Division
1178:
981:
944:Kuleli Askerî İdadisi
901:Karadeniz Topçu Alayı
837:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
815:, notably during the
771:Battle of Chunuk Bair
721:Deputy Prime Minister
675:Sheikh Said rebellion
594:Years of service
253:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
194:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
138:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
95:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
5711:Deputies of Istanbul
5550:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
4942:Cemil Cahit Toydemir
4106:Princeton University
3706:Edward J. Erickson,
3686:1 March 2012 at the
3587:Edward J. Erickson,
2997:Princeton University
2690:MUSTAFA FEVZİ ÇAKMAK
1957:Military Merit Cross
1720:Musul offensive plan
1660:Battle of Dumlupınar
1602:on the outskirts of
1459:Milli Müdafaa Vekili
1423:; 3rd line: Mirliva
1405:Ali Hikmet (Ayerdem)
1281:Erich von Falkenhayn
1222:defense of Gallipoli
1184:, in late afternoon
1022:), on 19 July 1906,
821:Battle of Dumlupınar
798:Member of Parliament
767:defence of Gallipoli
695:Mustafa Fevzi Çakmak
267:Position established
150:Position established
5113:Ümit Haluk Bayülken
5040:Mustafa Hazım Dağlı
4988:Mehmet Fuat Köprülü
4968:Ahmet Hulusi Köymen
4958:Hüseyin Hüsnü Çakır
3974:(19 January 2016).
3710:, Routledge, 2007,
3615:, I. Cilt., p. 191.
3420:, II. Cilt, p. 910.
3337:, II. Cilt, p. 907.
2101:Limnili Hacı Derviş
1969:Order of the Osmanî
1963:Order of the Osmanî
1859:Fevzi Çakmak's tomb
1801:Şark İslahat Raporu
1417:İzzettin (Çalışlar)
1353:War of Independence
1307:Şevket Turgut Pasha
1275:and he remained in
887:) His family is of
841:President of Turkey
823:. He was appointed
735:of the provisional
629:2nd Caucasian Corps
5421:Suat Hayri Ürgüplü
5394:Şemsettin Günaltay
5333:Republic of Turkey
4739:Hüseyin Kıvrıkoğlu
4341:Title last held by
4328:Title next held by
4301:Political offices
3972:Kieser, Hans-Lukas
3946:. BRILL. pp.
3753:Zekeriya Türkmen,
3001:Ahmet Şefik Çakmak
2993:Professor emeritus
1975:Order of the Crown
1861:
1739:. You can help by
1717:
1709:
1671:Republic of Turkey
1634:. You can help by
1571:. You can help by
1520:. You can help by
1447:
1374:Ali Fuat (Cebesoy)
1363:
1254:II Caucasian Corps
1214:
1155:Battle of Monastir
1144:Battle of Kumanovo
1136:Halepli Zeki Pasha
1024:Lieutenant Colonel
988:
897:Balıkesir Province
871:Family and schools
809:Mustafa Kemal Paşa
790:Ahmet Tevfik Pasha
759:Battle of Monastir
741:Republic of Turkey
433:, Istanbul, Turkey
351:Ahmet Tevfik Pasha
317:Salih Hulusi Pasha
5578:
5577:
5530:Necmettin Erbakan
5373:Ahmet Fikri Tüzer
5294:National Assembly
5243:
5242:
5015:Fahrettin Özdilek
4963:Refik Şevket İnce
4937:Ali Rıza Artunkal
4831:
4830:
4659:Nurettin Baransel
4574:
4573:
4565:Succeeded by
4537:Ankara Government
4513:Succeeded by
4482:Succeeded by
4473:Commander of the
4452:Succeeded by
4443:Commander of the
4427:Military offices
4417:Succeeded by
4410:Ankara Government
4386:Succeeded by
4379:Ankara Government
4358:Succeeded by
4278:, 16 April 2010.
4221:Hürriyet Gazetesi
4011:978-0-19-879121-8
3957:978-90-474-2011-8
3924:978-0-19-539374-3
3716:978-0-415-77099-6
3591:, Praeger, 2003,
3319:978-975-409-098-7
3282:
3281:
2123:Hoca Bekir Efendi
1944:(17 January 1916)
1920:Order of Osmanieh
1914:Order of Medjidie
1757:
1756:
1704:, Prime Minister
1654:Fevzi Çakmak and
1652:
1651:
1600:Battle of Sakarya
1593:Battle of Sakarya
1589:
1588:
1552:Battle of Sakarya
1538:
1537:
1390:Fahrettin (Altay)
1159:Ibrahim Halil Bey
1076:Italo-Turkish War
960:Second Lieutenant
956:Greco-Turkish War
817:Battle of Sakarya
737:Ankara Government
727:and later as the
692:
691:
659:Italo-Turkish War
655:Albanian Uprising
534:Ankara Government
355:Damat Ferid Pasha
16:(Redirected from
5743:
5508:Süleyman Demirel
5498:Yıldırım Akbulut
5476:Süleyman Demirel
5466:Süleyman Demirel
5456:Süleyman Demirel
5426:Süleyman Demirel
5340:
5339:
5301:
5300:
5282:
5281:
5270:
5263:
5256:
5247:
5246:
5238:*Acting Minister
5231:
5209:Nurettin Canikli
5184:Hikmet Sami Türk
5025:Muzaffer Alankuş
5000:Hasan Şemi Ergin
4927:Ahmet Naci Tınaz
4912:Abdülhalik Renda
4870:
4869:
4868:
4858:
4851:
4844:
4835:
4834:
4806:
4805:
4612:
4611:
4600:
4593:
4586:
4577:
4576:
4523:Preceded by
4492:Preceded by
4464:Preceded by
4432:Preceded by
4396:Preceded by
4306:Preceded by
4298:
4297:
4281:
4268:
4257:Mesut Çevikalp,
4242:
4227:
4208:
4198:
4188:
4175:
4165:
4155:
4148:Süleyman Külçe,
4131:
4126:
4120:
4115:
4109:
4095:
4089:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4048:
4042:
4040:
4025:Hasan Rıza Soyak
4022:
4016:
4015:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3968:
3962:
3961:
3945:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3872:
3866:
3859:
3853:
3846:
3840:
3833:
3812:
3811:
3804:
3798:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3775:
3769:
3768:
3751:
3745:
3738:
3732:
3725:
3719:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3677:
3668:
3661:
3655:
3648:
3642:
3635:
3629:
3622:
3616:
3611:Nilüfer Hatemi,
3609:
3600:
3585:
3576:
3569:
3548:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3521:
3515:
3508:
3502:
3495:
3474:
3473:
3464:
3439:
3438:
3427:
3421:
3416:Nilüfer Hatemi,
3414:
3408:
3401:
3392:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3375:
3369:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3344:
3338:
3333:Nilüfer Hatemi,
3331:
3325:
3324:
3307:
2516:
2501:
2013:
2012:
1928:(2 October 1915)
1752:
1749:
1731:
1724:
1647:
1644:
1626:
1619:
1584:
1581:
1563:
1556:
1542:Kütahya-Altıntaş
1533:
1530:
1512:
1505:
1432:Alaaddin (Koval)
1140:First Balkan War
1092:District of Peja
1043:Ahmed Niyazi Bey
952:Ottoman military
895:, in modern-day
755:First Balkan War
683:Dersim Rebellion
679:Ararat rebellion
609:
586:
585:
584:
575:
574:
573:
564:
562:
561:
545:
543:
542:
532:
531:
530:
520:
518:
517:
505:Military service
490:
478:
467:
460:
457:Turkish Republic
427:
403:
401:
389:Personal details
375:
363:
347:
338:
309:
300:
275:
263:
249:
240:
218:
206:
183:
166:
158:
146:
134:
125:
103:
91:
82:
58:
39:
38:
21:
5751:
5750:
5746:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5741:
5740:
5581:
5580:
5579:
5574:
5564:
5560:Binali Yıldırım
5555:Ahmet Davutoğlu
5379:Şükrü Saracoğlu
5337:
5336:
5335:
5327:
5298:
5297:
5296:
5293:
5286:
5276:
5274:
5244:
5239:
5232:
5223:
5098:Hasan Esat Işık
5089:Cihat Bilgehan*
5085:Sadettin Bilgiç
5080:Hasan Esat Işık
5065:Hasan Esat Işık
5045:Ahmet Topaloğlu
4878:
4866:
4864:
4862:
4832:
4827:
4807:
4803:
4798:
4749:Yaşar Büyükanıt
4679:Ragıp Gümüşpala
4664:Hakkı Tunaboylu
4620:
4606:
4604:
4570:
4561:
4540:
4528:
4518:
4516:Cevat (Çobanlı)
4509:
4497:
4495:Cevat (Çobanlı)
4487:
4478:
4469:
4459:
4458:(never assumed)
4457:
4448:
4439:
4437:
4422:
4413:
4401:
4391:
4382:
4363:
4354:
4342:
4329:
4320:
4311:
4279:
4266:
4246:"Fevzi Çakmak."
4240:
4234:
4225:
4215:
4206:
4196:
4186:
4173:
4163:
4153:
4145:
4140:
4138:Further reading
4135:
4134:
4127:
4123:
4116:
4112:
4104:, 22 May 2000,
4096:
4092:
4084:Hayrullah Gök,
4083:
4079:
4073:
4067:
4063:
4057:
4049:
4045:
4038:
4023:
4019:
4012:
3998:
3994:
3984:
3982:
3969:
3965:
3958:
3936:
3932:
3925:
3909:
3905:
3899:
3891:
3887:
3881:
3873:
3869:
3861:Hayrullah Gök,
3860:
3856:
3848:Hayrullah Gök,
3847:
3843:
3834:
3815:
3809:
3792:
3791:
3784:
3782:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3766:
3752:
3748:
3739:
3735:
3726:
3722:
3705:
3701:
3695:
3688:Wayback Machine
3678:
3671:
3662:
3658:
3650:Hayrullah Gök,
3649:
3645:
3637:Hayrullah Gök,
3636:
3632:
3623:
3619:
3610:
3603:
3586:
3579:
3570:
3551:
3538:
3534:
3528:
3522:
3518:
3510:Hayrullah Gök,
3509:
3505:
3496:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3442:
3436:
3428:
3424:
3415:
3411:
3403:Hayrullah Gök,
3402:
3395:
3390:
3386:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3363:
3357:
3354:Wayback Machine
3345:
3341:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3309:Hayrullah Gök,
3308:
3304:
3299:
3287:
3177:
3170:
3015:
3010:
3003:
2999:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2842:M. Şefik Çakmak
2699:
2692:
2533:
2526:
2512:
2509:
2497:
2494:
2338:
2321:
2309:
2302:
2124:
2105:(1782?–1897/98)
2104:
2102:
2095:
2011:
1990:
1904:
1853:
1841:
1821:Fourteen Points
1817:
1777:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1737:needs expansion
1722:
1687:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1632:needs expansion
1617:
1615:Great Offensive
1585:
1579:
1576:
1569:needs expansion
1554:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1518:needs expansion
1503:
1483:Communist Party
1475:Takvim-i Vakayi
1386:Kâzım Karabekir
1378:Cevat (Çobanlı)
1355:
1206:
1128:
1084:Western Rumelia
1055:Bigalı Atıf Bey
976:
974:Western Rumelia
873:
868:
857:Osman Bölükbaşı
779:First World War
765:throughout the
719:and became the
709:Minister of War
681:
677:
673:
669:
667:First World War
665:
661:
657:
582:
580:
579:
577:Army of the GNA
571:
569:
568:
559:
557:
540:
538:
537:
528:
526:
525:
515:
513:
499:
472:
468:
465:
461:
454:
448:Political party
429:
425:
405:
404:12 January 1876
399:
397:
373:
361:
353:
345:
339:
334:
315:
307:
301:
296:
286:Minister of War
273:
261:
255:
247:
241:
236:
216:
204:
196:
184:
179:
164:
156:
144:
132:
126:
121:
101:
89:
83:
78:
61:
49:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5749:
5739:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5576:
5575:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5406:
5401:
5399:Adnan Menderes
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5343:
5341:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5304:
5302:
5288:
5287:
5273:
5272:
5265:
5258:
5250:
5241:
5240:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5226:
5224:
5222:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5169:Oltan Sungurlu
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5130:
5125:
5123:Ercan Vuralhan
5120:
5118:Zeki Yavuztürk
5115:
5110:
5105:
5103:Neşet Akmandor
5100:
5095:
5093:Turhan Kapanlı
5090:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5020:Hüseyin Ataman
5017:
5012:
5007:
5005:Ethem Menderes
5002:
4997:
4994:Adnan Menderes
4991:
4985:
4983:Ethem Menderes
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4861:
4860:
4853:
4846:
4838:
4829:
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4826:
4825:
4816:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4801:
4799:
4797:
4796:
4791:
4785:
4780:
4779:
4778:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4724:Necip Torumtay
4721:
4716:
4714:Nurettin Ersin
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4674:Rüştü Erdelhun
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4603:
4602:
4595:
4588:
4580:
4572:
4571:
4566:
4563:
4554:
4548:
4547:
4542:
4529:
4524:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4511:
4506:Ottoman Empire
4498:
4493:
4489:
4488:
4483:
4480:
4470:
4465:
4461:
4460:
4453:
4450:
4440:
4433:
4429:
4428:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4415:
4406:Prime Minister
4402:
4397:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4384:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4359:
4356:
4351:Ottoman Empire
4346:
4340:
4334:
4333:
4327:
4322:
4317:Ottoman Empire
4312:
4307:
4303:
4302:
4296:
4295:
4282:
4269:
4255:
4249:
4243:
4233:
4232:External links
4230:
4229:
4228:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4209:
4199:
4189:
4176:
4168:Ziya Tütüncü,
4166:
4156:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4121:
4110:
4090:
4077:
4061:
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3440:
3422:
3409:
3393:
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2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2306:
2304:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:Hüseyin Kaptan
2099:
2097:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2005:
1998:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1945:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1926:Harp Madalyası
1923:
1917:
1911:
1903:
1900:
1852:
1849:
1840:
1837:
1825:Woodrow Wilson
1816:
1815:Views on Kurds
1813:
1776:
1773:
1755:
1754:
1734:
1732:
1721:
1718:
1686:
1685:Republican era
1683:
1650:
1649:
1629:
1627:
1616:
1613:
1587:
1586:
1566:
1564:
1553:
1550:
1536:
1535:
1515:
1513:
1502:
1499:
1382:Fevzi (Çakmak)
1354:
1351:
1343:Ali Rıza Pasha
1335:Heyet-i Nasîha
1205:
1202:
1127:
1124:
1088:Ali Rıza Pasha
975:
972:
964:Mülâzım-ı Sani
885:Ottoman Empire
872:
869:
867:
864:
849:Democrat Party
773:. He became a
713:Ottoman Empire
690:
689:
686:
685:
652:
648:
647:
618:
614:
613:
603:
599:
598:
595:
591:
590:
555:
554:Branch/service
551:
550:
522:Ottoman Empire
511:
507:
506:
502:
501:
500:Müşir, Mareşal
498:Kavaklı Fevzi,
496:
492:
491:
484:
480:
479:
475:Ottoman Empire
463:Democrat Party
449:
445:
444:
439:
435:
434:
428:(aged 74)
422:
418:
417:
415:Ottoman Empire
395:
391:
390:
386:
385:
382:
381:
376:
370:
369:
364:
358:
357:
348:
346:Prime Minister
342:
341:
331:
330:
328:Ottoman Empire
320:
319:
313:Ali Rıza Pasha
310:
308:Prime Minister
304:
303:
293:
292:
290:Ottoman Empire
282:
281:
276:
270:
269:
264:
258:
257:
250:
248:Prime Minister
244:
243:
233:
232:
225:
224:
219:
213:
212:
207:
201:
200:
191:
187:
186:
176:
175:
168:
167:
159:
153:
152:
147:
141:
140:
135:
133:Prime Minister
129:
128:
118:
117:
110:
109:
104:
98:
97:
92:
86:
85:
75:
74:
67:
66:
63:
62:
60:Çakmak in 1946
59:
51:
50:
47:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5748:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5588:
5586:
5572:
5567:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5540:Bülent Ecevit
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5515:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5493:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5471:Bülent Ecevit
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5461:Bülent Ecevit
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5446:Bülent Ecevit
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5411:
5410:Fahri Özdilek
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5334:
5330:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5305:
5303:
5295:
5289:
5285:
5280:
5271:
5266:
5264:
5259:
5257:
5252:
5251:
5248:
5235:
5230:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5159:Mehmet Gölhan
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5070:İlhami Sancar
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5060:İlhami Sancar
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5030:İlhami Sancar
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4995:
4992:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4973:Seyfi Kurtbek
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4932:Saffet Arıkan
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4917:Zekai Apaydın
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4859:
4854:
4852:
4847:
4845:
4840:
4839:
4836:
4824:
4820:
4817:
4814:
4813:
4810:
4795:
4792:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4777:
4776:
4772:
4771:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4694:Memduh Tağmaç
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4644:Salih Omurtak
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4610:
4601:
4596:
4594:
4589:
4587:
4582:
4581:
4578:
4569:
4560:
4559:
4553:
4549:
4546:
4543:
4539:
4538:
4534:
4527:
4526:İsmet (İnönü)
4521:
4517:
4508:
4507:
4503:
4496:
4490:
4486:
4477:
4476:
4468:
4462:
4456:
4447:
4446:
4436:
4430:
4425:
4421:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4400:
4394:
4390:
4381:
4380:
4376:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4353:
4352:
4345:
4339:
4335:
4332:
4326:
4319:
4318:
4310:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4283:
4277:
4273:
4270:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4247:
4244:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4223:
4222:
4217:
4216:
4204:
4201:Rahmi Akbaş,
4200:
4194:
4191:Veli Yılmaz,
4190:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4171:
4167:
4161:
4157:
4151:
4147:
4146:
4130:
4125:
4119:
4114:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4094:
4087:
4081:
4071:
4065:
4055:
4054:
4047:
4041:
4036:
4035:975-08-0882-7
4032:
4026:
4021:
4013:
4007:
4003:
3996:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3967:
3959:
3953:
3949:
3944:
3943:
3934:
3926:
3920:
3916:
3915:
3907:
3898:
3895:
3889:
3880:
3877:
3871:
3864:
3858:
3851:
3845:
3838:
3835:Genelkurmay,
3832:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3808:
3802:
3796:
3780:
3774:
3764:
3763:975-16-1372-8
3760:
3756:
3750:
3743:
3737:
3730:
3724:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3703:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3682:
3676:
3674:
3666:
3660:
3653:
3647:
3640:
3634:
3627:
3621:
3614:
3608:
3606:
3598:
3597:0-275-97888-5
3594:
3590:
3584:
3582:
3574:
3571:Genelkurmay,
3568:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3546:
3542:
3536:
3526:
3520:
3513:
3507:
3500:
3497:Genelkurmay,
3494:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3469:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3435:
3432:
3426:
3419:
3413:
3406:
3400:
3398:
3388:
3380:
3374:
3365:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3343:
3336:
3330:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3306:
3302:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3279:
3209:
3207:
3141:
3138:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3092:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3080:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3013:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2964:
2962:
2890:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2863:Burhan Toprak
2818:
2815:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2773:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2761:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2691:
2657:
2654:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2620:
2604:
2602:
2559:
2557:
2517:
2515:
2502:
2500:
2473:
2470:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2448:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2408:
2396:
2394:
2382:
2380:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2322:(1855/6-1914)
2297:
2294:
2286:
2284:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2264:
2262:
2254:
2252:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2222:
2214:
2212:
2204:
2202:
2192:
2184:
2182:
2166:
2164:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2086:
2084:
2014:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1951:İmtiyaz Medal
1949:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1908:Imtiyaz Medal
1906:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1873:Eyüp Cemetery
1870:
1866:
1857:
1848:
1845:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1762:
1759:
1751:
1742:
1738:
1735:This section
1733:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1713:
1707:
1706:İsmet (İnönü)
1703:
1699:
1698:left to right
1695:
1694:Mustafa Kemal
1691:
1682:
1680:
1679:Field Marshal
1676:
1672:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1656:Mustafa Kemal
1646:
1637:
1633:
1630:This section
1628:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1583:
1574:
1570:
1567:This section
1565:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1532:
1523:
1519:
1516:This section
1514:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1498:
1496:
1495:Birinci Ferik
1492:
1486:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1445:
1441:
1440:Sabit (Noyan)
1437:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1425:Asım (Gündüz)
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1397:Kazım (İnanç)
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1367:
1359:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1210:
1201:
1199:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1176:Fevzi wrote:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1049:), an ethnic
1048:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1002:. He studied
1001:
997:
993:
985:
980:
971:
967:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
908:
906:
905:Rumeli Kavağı
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
863:
860:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
825:Field Marshal
822:
818:
814:
810:
805:
803:
799:
795:
791:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
749:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
705:
700:
699:field marshal
696:
687:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
653:
649:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
619:
615:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
589:
578:
567:
556:
552:
548:
535:
523:
512:
508:
503:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
471:
464:
458:
453:
450:
446:
443:
442:Eyüp Cemetery
440:
438:Resting place
436:
432:
424:10 April 1950
423:
419:
416:
412:
408:
396:
392:
387:
383:
380:
377:
371:
368:
365:
359:
356:
352:
349:
343:
337:
332:
329:
325:
321:
318:
314:
311:
305:
299:
294:
291:
287:
283:
280:
277:
271:
268:
265:
259:
254:
251:
245:
239:
234:
231:
226:
223:
220:
214:
211:
208:
202:
199:
195:
192:
188:
182:
177:
174:
169:
163:
160:
154:
151:
148:
142:
139:
136:
130:
124:
119:
116:
111:
108:
105:
99:
96:
93:
87:
81:
76:
73:
68:
64:
57:
52:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5570:
5545:Abdullah Gül
5535:Mesut Yılmaz
5525:Mesut Yılmaz
5520:Tansu Çiller
5512:
5503:Mesut Yılmaz
5490:
5481:Bülent Ulusu
5408:
5404:Cemal Gürsel
5371:
5367:Refik Saydam
5313:Fevzi Çakmak
5312:
5199:İsmet Yılmaz
5179:İsmet Sezgin
5174:Turhan Tayan
5144:Mehmet Yazar
5055:Mehmet İzmen
5035:Hasan Dinçer
5010:Cemal Gürsel
4978:Kenan Yılmaz
4947:Münir Birsel
4887:Fevzi Çakmak
4886:
4818:
4788:Musa Avsever
4773:
4759:Işık Koşaner
4754:İlker Başbuğ
4704:Semih Sancar
4699:Faruk Gürler
4684:Cevdet Sunay
4669:Feyzi Mengüç
4649:Nafiz Gürman
4634:Fevzi Çakmak
4633:
4556:
4551:
4544:
4531:
4500:
4475:Seventh Army
4472:
4442:
4420:Rauf (Orbay)
4404:
4389:Refet (Bele)
4373:
4368:
4348:
4343:
4337:
4330:
4324:
4314:
4280:(in Turkish)
4275:
4267:(in Turkish)
4262:
4241:(in Turkish)
4226:(in Turkish)
4219:
4207:(in Turkish)
4202:
4197:(in Turkish)
4193:Fevzi Çakmak
4192:
4187:(in Turkish)
4182:
4174:(in Turkish)
4169:
4164:(in Turkish)
4159:
4158:Sinan Omur,
4154:(in Turkish)
4149:
4124:
4113:
4101:
4093:
4085:
4080:
4074:(in Turkish)
4069:
4064:
4058:(in Turkish)
4051:
4046:
4039:(in Turkish)
4028:
4020:
4001:
3995:
3983:. Retrieved
3979:
3966:
3941:
3933:
3913:
3906:
3900:(in Turkish)
3893:
3888:
3882:(in Turkish)
3875:
3870:
3862:
3857:
3849:
3844:
3836:
3810:(in Turkish)
3783:. Retrieved
3773:
3767:(in Turkish)
3754:
3749:
3741:
3736:
3728:
3723:
3707:
3702:
3696:(in Turkish)
3691:
3664:
3659:
3651:
3646:
3638:
3633:
3625:
3620:
3612:
3588:
3572:
3544:
3540:
3535:
3529:(in Turkish)
3525:Millî Kültür
3524:
3519:
3511:
3506:
3498:
3472:(in Turkish)
3467:
3437:(in Turkish)
3430:
3425:
3417:
3412:
3404:
3387:
3373:
3364:
3358:(in Turkish)
3347:Fevzi Çakmak
3342:
3334:
3329:
3323:(in Turkish)
3310:
3305:
2849:Nigar Çakmak
2698:Fatma Fitnat
2689:
2513:
2498:
2493:Mehmed Nazif
2001:
1994:
1942:Liakat Medal
1881:
1862:
1846:
1842:
1818:
1778:
1770:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1748:October 2010
1745:
1741:adding to it
1736:
1697:
1674:
1668:
1653:
1643:October 2010
1640:
1636:adding to it
1631:
1610:
1608:
1597:
1590:
1580:October 2010
1577:
1573:adding to it
1568:
1539:
1529:October 2010
1526:
1522:adding to it
1517:
1490:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1471:
1462:
1458:
1448:
1392:; 2nd line：
1381:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1315:Üçler Misâkı
1314:
1304:
1297:
1293:
1269:Seventh Army
1266:
1250:
1233:
1215:
1195:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1152:
1129:
1080:Western Army
1069:
1062:
1059:
1036:
1027:
1019:
989:
968:
963:
943:
919:
909:
900:
874:
861:
853:Nation Party
806:
787:Grand Vizier
745:
702:
694:
693:
651:Battles/wars
621:2nd Division
588:Turkish Army
566:Ottoman Army
452:Nation Party
426:(1950-04-10)
379:Djevad Pasha
374:Succeeded by
367:Djevad Pasha
335:
297:
274:Succeeded by
266:
237:
217:Succeeded by
180:
162:Mümtaz Ökmen
157:Succeeded by
149:
122:
102:Succeeded by
79:
48:Fevzi Çakmak
36:
5596:1950 deaths
5591:1876 births
5514:Erdal İnönü
5486:Turgut Özal
5436:Ferit Melen
5416:İsmet İnönü
5384:Recep Peker
5362:Celâl Bayar
5357:İsmet İnönü
5352:Fethi Okyar
5347:İsmet İnönü
5338:(1923–2018)
5323:Fethi Okyar
5299:(1920–1923)
5219:Yaşar Güler
5214:Hulusi Akar
5194:Vecdi Gönül
5154:Nevzat Ayaz
5149:Barlas Doğu
5139:Hüsnü Doğan
5133:Güneş Taner
5075:Ferit Melen
5050:Ferit Melen
4922:Kâzım Özalp
4907:Recep Peker
4902:Fethi Okyar
4897:Kâzım Özalp
4794:Metin Gürak
4783:Yaşar Güler
4775:Ümit Dündar
4769:Hulusi Akar
4764:Necdet Özel
4744:Hilmi Özkök
4729:Doğan Güreş
4719:Necdet Üruğ
4709:Kenan Evren
4689:Cemal Tural
4639:Kâzım Orbay
4629:İsmet İnönü
4568:Kâzım Orbay
4445:Second Army
4361:Damat Ferid
3679:Kemal Arı,
3169:Erika Leila
2865:(1906–1967)
2858:(1911–1939)
2851:(1909–1982)
2844:(1892–1966)
2700:(1891–1969)
2693:("Mareşal")
2534:(1894–1986)
2527:(1892–1909)
2339:(1866–1901)
2332:Ayşe Şahver
2310:(1870–1945)
2303:(1858–1927)
2301:Hasan Vasfi
2125:(1815–1898)
2009:Family tree
1879:in Ankara.
1829:World War I
1809:Martial Law
1591:Before the
1347:Salih Pasha
1339:Askerî Şûra
1319:Şakir Pasha
1311:Cevat Pasha
1258:Second Army
1204:World War I
1132:Vardar Army
1126:Balkan Wars
1074:), because
992:Şemsi Pasha
833:İsmet İnönü
785:in 1919 by
663:Balkan Wars
549:(1920–1944)
536:(1920–1923)
524:(1896–1920)
495:Nickname(s)
362:Preceded by
262:Preceded by
222:Kâzım Orbay
210:İsmet İnönü
205:Preceded by
198:İsmet İnönü
145:Preceded by
90:Preceded by
18:Fevzi Pasha
5585:Categories
5451:Sadi Irmak
5431:Nihat Erim
5389:Hasan Saka
5318:Rauf Orbay
5204:Fikri Işık
5164:Vefa Tanır
5128:Safa Giray
4952:Hasan Saka
4892:Refet Bele
4654:Nuri Yamut
4552:New office
4438:(as proxy)
4070:Cumhuriyet
4053:Cumhuriyet
3985:31 January
3785:23 October
3765:, p. 105.
3740:Erickson,
3727:Erickson,
3624:Erickson,
3613:Günlükleri
3418:Günlükleri
3335:Günlükleri
3297:References
3014:チャクマク・長藤紀子
2856:A. Muazzez
2308:Hacı Rasim
1935:Iron Cross
1442:, Miralay
1438:, Miralay
1434:, Mirliva
1419:, Mirliva
1415:, Mirliva
1411:, Mirliva
1407:, Mirliva
1403:, Mirliva
1399:, Mirliva
1262:Diyarbekir
1098:and three
1000:Third Army
855:headed by
510:Allegiance
459:, 1948–50)
400:1876-01-12
279:Refet Bele
107:Rauf Orbay
5492:Ali Bozer
5441:Naim Talu
4369:New title
4179:Ali Gümüş
4037:, p. 717.
3744:, p. 143.
3731:, p. 120.
3718:, p. 115.
3628:, p. 194.
3599:, p. 183.
3176:Lisa Ayla
2344:Emine Eda
2320:Ali Sırrı
1865:Teşvikiye
1546:İsmet Bey
1323:Mehmed VI
1285:Beersheba
1242:commander
1238:Sari Bair
1230:Achi Baba
1182:Karadeniz
1167:Karadeniz
1008:Bulgarian
998:) of the
996:Mitrovica
984:Mitrovica
866:Biography
847:from the
625:5th Corps
597:1896–1944
483:Signature
431:Teşvikiye
336:In office
298:In office
238:In office
190:President
181:In office
123:In office
80:In office
4815:* Acting
4344:Himself
4331:Himself
4213:Articles
3865:, p. 44.
3852:, p. 45.
3839:, p. 55.
3795:cite web
3692:Belleten
3684:Archived
3654:, p. 15.
3641:, p. 14.
3575:, p. 54.
3501:, p. 53.
3350:Archived
3285:See also
2337:Ali Nuri
2096:(?–1915)
1892:Albanian
1833:Erzincan
1451:Anatolia
1388:, Ferik
1384:, Ferik
1380:, Müşir
1376:, Ferik
1190:Gülcemal
1186:Gülcemal
1171:Gülcemal
1108:Monastir
1104:Salonica
1065:Pljevlja
1051:Albanian
1028:Kaymakam
1016:Kolağası
1012:Albanian
881:Istanbul
877:Cihangir
845:Istanbul
757:and the
637:7th Army
633:2nd Army
617:Commands
411:Istanbul
407:Cihangir
5571:Italics
4819:Italics
4616:of the
4535:of the
4504:of the
4408:of the
4377:of the
4291:of the
4287:in the
4263:Aksiyon
3514:, p. 9.
3407:, p. 3.
3178:(1978–)
3171:(1972–)
3016:(1949–)
3004:(1934–)
2532:Nebahat
2514:†
2499:†
1896:Bosnian
1884:Persian
1869:Beyazıt
1797:Turkish
1785:Turkish
1675:Mareşal
1664:Mareşal
1429:Miralay
1394:Mirliva
1271:at the
1226:Mirliva
1218:V Corps
1120:Gjakova
1116:Sadaret
1100:vilayet
1096:Albania
1072:Shkodër
1032:Miralay
1020:Binbaşı
1004:Serbian
936:Baghdad
928:Persian
912:Sarıyer
889:Turkish
839:as the
829:Mareşal
763:V Corps
751:Captain
711:of the
704:Mareşal
611:Mareşal
326:of the
288:of the
256:Himself
44:Mareşal
4876:Turkey
4614:Chiefs
4338:Vacant
4325:Vacant
4033:
4008:
3954:
3921:
3761:
3714:
3595:
3317:
2508:Muhtar
2315:Tevfik
2130:Fitnat
2094:Kamile
1894:, and
1888:Arabic
1604:Ankara
1544:under
1455:Ankara
1277:Aleppo
1236:) and
1148:Bitola
1112:Kosova
924:Arabic
893:Çakmak
794:Ankara
563:
547:Turkey
544:
519:
165:(1946)
4276:Vatan
4143:Books
2713:Münir
2327:Hesna
2110:Üzile
1988:Works
1940:Gold
1851:Death
1467:Kozan
1371:Ferik
1300:Ferik
1163:Seman
1047:Resen
932:Egypt
903:) at
802:Kozan
796:as a
775:Pasha
748:Staff
4031:ISBN
4006:ISBN
3987:2021
3952:ISBN
3919:ISBN
3801:link
3787:2010
3759:ISBN
3712:ISBN
3593:ISBN
3315:ISBN
2525:Sami
1835:.
1169:and
934:and
926:and
800:for
602:Rank
421:Died
394:Born
228:1st
171:2nd
113:1st
70:2nd
4874:of
4293:ZBW
2995:of
1743:.
1638:.
1575:.
1524:.
1260:at
966:).
5587::
4274:,
4261:,
4181:,
4100:,
3978:.
3950:.
3948:53
3816:^
3805:,
3797:}}
3793:{{
3672:^
3604:^
3580:^
3552:^
3478:^
3443:^
3396:^
3012:Ja
1890:,
1886:,
1799::
1787::
1768:.
1606:.
1497:.
1469:.
1427:,
1309:,
1264:.
1248:.
1110:,
1106:,
1057:.
1034:.
1010:,
1006:,
958:.
883:,
859:.
804:.
743:.
723:,
643:,
639:,
635:,
631:,
627:,
623:,
413:,
409:,
5269:e
5262:t
5255:v
5135:*
4996:*
4990:*
4954:*
4857:e
4850:t
4843:v
4790:*
4599:e
4592:t
4585:v
4108:.
4014:.
3989:.
3960:.
3927:.
3803:)
3789:.
3381:.
2518:)
2503:)
1795:(
1750:)
1746:(
1677:(
1645:)
1641:(
1582:)
1578:(
1531:)
1527:(
1329:(
1232:(
1102:(
1026:(
986:)
962:(
942:(
918:(
879:(
827:(
701:(
477:)
473:(
455:(
402:)
398:(
34:.
20:)
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