Bernard Montgomery

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or sack him. Ramsay in very strong language argued to Eisenhower that the Allies could only invade Germany if Antwerp was opened, and that as long as the three Canadian divisions fighting in the Scheldt had shortages of ammunition and artillery shells because Montgomery made the Arnhem salient his first priority, then Antwerp would not be opened anytime soon. Even Brooke wrote in his diary: "I feel that Monty's strategy for once is at fault. Instead of carrying out the advance to Arnhem he ought to have made certain of Antwerp". On 9 October 1944, at Ramsay's urging, Eisenhower sent Montgomery a cable that emphasised the "supreme importance of Antwerp", that "the Canadian Army will not, repeat not, be able to attack until November unless immediately supplied with adequate ammunition", and warned that the Allied advance into Germany would totally stop by mid-November unless Antwerp was opened by October. Montgomery replied by accusing Ramsay of making "wild statements" unsupported by the facts, denying the Canadians were having to ration ammunition, and claimed that he would soon take the Ruhr thereby making the Scheldt campaign a sideshow. Montgomery further issued a memo entitled "Notes on Command in Western Europe" demanding that he once again be made Land Forces Commander. This led to an exasperated Eisenhower telling Montgomery that the question was not the command arrangement but rather his (Montgomery's) ability and willingness to obey orders. Eisenhower further told Montgomery to either obey orders to immediately clear the mouth of the Scheldt or be sacked.

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Tedder who was pressing Eisenhower most strongly after Goodwood to fire Montgomery. An American officer wrote in his diary that Tedder had come to see Eisenhower to "pursue his current favourite subject, the sacking of Monty". With Tedder leading the "sack Monty" campaign, it encouraged Montgomery's American enemies to press Eisenhower to fire Montgomery. Brooke was sufficiently worried about the "sack Monty" campaign to visit Montgomery at his Tactical Headquarters (TAC) in France and as he wrote in his diary; "warned of a tendency in the PM to listen to suggestions that Monty played for safety and was not prepared to take risks". Brooke advised Montgomery to invite Churchill to Normandy, arguing that if the "sack Monty" campaign had won the Prime Minister over, then his career would be over, as having Churchill's backing would give Eisenhower the political "cover" to fire Montgomery. On 20 July, Montgomery met Eisenhower and on 21 July, Churchill, at the TAC in France. One of Montgomery's staff officers wrote afterwards that it was "common knowledge at Tac that Churchill had come to sack Monty". No notes were taken at the Eisenhower–Montgomery and Churchill–Montgomery meetings, but Montgomery was able to persuade both men not to sack him.

2669:. On the early morning of 18 July 1944, Operation Goodwood began with British heavy bombers beginning carpet bombing attacks that further devastated what was left of Caen and the surrounding countryside. A British tank crewman from the Guards Armoured Division later recalled: "At 0500 hours a distant thunder in the air brought all the sleepy-eyed tank crews out of their blankets. 1,000 Lancasters were flying from the sea in groups of three or four at 3,000 feet (910 m). Ahead of them the pathfinders were scattering their flares and before long the first bombs were dropping." A German tankman from the 21st Panzer Division at the receiving end of this bombardment remembered: "We saw little dots detach themselves from the planes, so many of them that the crazy thought occurred to us: are those leaflets? ... Among the thunder of the explosions, we could hear the wounded scream and the insane howling of men who had driven mad." The British bombing had badly smashed the German front-line units. Initially, the three British armoured divisions assigned to lead the offensive, the 7th, 11th and the Guards, made rapid progress and were soon approaching the Borguebus ridge, which dominated the landscape south of Caen, by noon. 2726: 2699:

asked to create a diversion to allow the Americans to have the glory of staging the breakout with Operation Cobra. By contrast, the American historian Stephen Power argued that Goodwood was intended to be the "breakout" offensive and not a "holding operation", writing: "It is unrealistic to assert that an operation which called for the use of 4,500 Allied aircraft, 700 artillery pieces and over 8,000 armored vehicles and trucks and that cost the British over 5,500 casualties was conceived and executed for so limited an objective." Power noted that Goodwood and Cobra were supposed to take effect on the same day, 18 July 1944, but Cobra was cancelled owing to heavy rain in the American sector, and argued that both operations were meant to be breakout operations to trap the German armies in Normandy. American military writer Drew Middleton wrote that there is no doubt that Montgomery wanted Goodwood to provide a "shield" for Bradley, but at the same time Montgomery was clearly hoping for more than merely diverting German attention away from the American sector. British historian

3757: 2226: 3937: 3319:, in discussing Montgomery's counterproductive lack of tact in the final months of the war, described him as "insufferable". Beevor says that in January 1945 Montgomery had tried to claim far too much credit for the British (and for himself) in defeating the German counter-attack in the Ardennes in December 1944. This "crass and unpleasant blunder" helped make it impossible for Churchill and Alan Brooke to persuade Eisenhower of the need for an immediate thrust—to be led by Montgomery—through Germany to Berlin. Eisenhower did not accept the viability of the "dagger thrust" approach, it had already been agreed that Berlin would fall into the future Soviet occupation zone, and he was not willing to accept heavy casualties for no gain, so Eisenhower disregarded the British suggestions and continued with his conservative broad front strategy, and the Red Army reached Berlin well ahead of the Western Allies. 2629:

British Army: "Go on hitting, drawing the German strength, especially some of the armour, onto yourself—so as to ease the way for Brad ." The Germans had deployed twelve divisions, of which six were Panzer divisions, against the British while deploying eight divisions, of which three were Panzer divisions, against the Americans. By the middle of July Caen had not been taken, as Rommel continued to prioritise prevention of the break-out by British forces rather than the western territories being taken by the Americans. This was broadly as Montgomery had planned, albeit not with the same speed as he outlined at St Paul's, although as the American historian Carlo D'Este pointed out the actual situation in Normandy was "vastly different" from what was envisioned at the St. Paul's conference, as only one of four goals outlined in May had been achieved by 10 July.

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Germans had been killed in the Battle of the Falaise Gap, which led a stunned Eisenhower, who viewed the battlefield on 24 August, to comment with horror that it was impossible to walk without stepping on corpses. The successful conclusion of the Normandy campaign saw the beginning of the debate between the "American school" and "British school" as both American and British generals started to advance claims about who was most responsible for this victory. Brooke wrote in defence of his protégé Montgomery: "Ike knows nothing about strategy and is 'quite' unsuited to the post of Supreme Commander. It is no wonder that Monty's real high ability is not always realised. Especially so when 'national' spectacles pervert the perspective of the strategic landscape." About Montgomery's conduct of the Normandy campaign, Badsey wrote:

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refused Crerar's request to have British XII Corps under Neil Ritchie assigned to help clear the Scheldt as Montgomery stated he needed XII Corps for Operation Market Garden. On 6 September 1944, Montgomery told Crerar that "I want Boulogne badly" and that city should be taken no matter what the cost. On 22 September 1944, Simonds's II Canadian Corps took Boulogne, followed up by taking Calais on 1 October 1944. Montgomery was highly impatient with Simonds, complaining that it had taken Crocker's I Corps only two days to take Le Havre while it took Simonds two weeks to take Boulogne and Calais, but Simonds noted that at Le Havre, three divisions and two brigades had been employed, whereas at both Boulogne and Calais, only two brigades were sent in to take both cities. After an attempt to storm the

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parley. At the castle gates Montgomery spoke to Browne explaining what would happen should the officers not be released. Once finished, Browne responded with his own ultimatum to Montgomery to "leave town within 10 minutes". Browne then turned heels and returned to the Castle. At this point another IRA officer, Pat O'Sullivan, whistled to Montgomery drawing his attention to scores of IRA volunteers who had quietly taken up firing positions all around the square—surrounding Montgomery's forces. Realising his precarious position, Montgomery led his troops out of the town, a decision which raised hostile questions in the House of Commons but was later approved by Montgomery's own superiors. Unknown to Montgomery at this time, the four missing officers had already been executed.

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Luftwaffe officer commanding a battery of four 88 mm guns to fight against the British tanks, he had to hold his handgun to the officer's head "and asked him whether he would like to be killed immediately or get a high decoration. He decided for the latter." The well dug-in 88 mm guns around the Borguebus Ridge began taking a toll on the British Sherman tanks, and the countryside was soon dotted with dozens of burning Shermans. One British officer reported with worry: "I see palls of smoke and tanks brewing up with flames belching forth from their turrets. I see men climbing out, on fire like torches, rolling on the ground to try and douse the flames." Despite Montgomery's orders to try to press on, fierce German counter-attacks stopped the British offensive.

2685:

assisting the American breakout in Operation Cobra. By the end of Goodwood on 25 July 1944, the Canadians had finally taken Caen while the British tanks had reached the plains south of Caen, giving Montgomery the "hinge" he had been seeking, while forcing the Germans to commit the last of their reserves to stop the Anglo-Canadian offensive. "Ultra" decrypts indicated that the Germans now facing Bradley were seriously understrength, with Operation Cobra about to commence. During Operation Goodwood, the British had 400 tanks knocked out, with many recovered returning to service. The casualties were 5,500 with 7 miles (11 km) of ground gained. Bradley recognised Montgomery's plan to pin down German armour and allow U.S. forces to break out:

2942: 2750:(the only Canadian general whose skill Montgomery respected) began an offensive south of Caen that made little headway, but which the Germans regarded as the main offensive. Once Third Army arrived, Bradley was promoted to take command of the newly created 12th Army Group, consisting of U.S. First and Third Armies. Following the American breakout, there followed the Battle of Falaise Gap. British, Canadian, and Polish soldiers of 21st Army Group commanded by Montgomery advanced south, while the American and French soldiers of Bradley's 12th Army Group advanced north to encircle the German Army Group B at Falaise, as Montgomery waged what Urban called "a huge battle of annihilation" in August 1944. Montgomery began his offensive into the 2148: 1602: 1150:

was hit once more, in the knee, but the dead soldier, in Montgomery's words, "received many bullets meant for me." Assuming them to both be dead, the officers and men of Montgomery's battalion chose to leave them where they were until darkness arrived and stretcher bearers managed to recover the two bodies, with Montgomery by this time barely clinging on to life. The doctors at the Advanced Dressing Station, too, had no hope for him and ordered a grave to be dug. Miraculously, however, Montgomery was still alive and, after being placed in an ambulance and then being sent to a hospital, was treated and eventually evacuated to England, where he would remain for well over a year. He was appointed a Companion of the

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strategy of diversion in the Normandy Campaign. Although Caen contained an important road junction that Montgomery would eventually need, for the moment the capture of that city was only incidental to his mission. For Monty's primary task was to attract German troops to the British front that we might more easily secure Cherbourg and get into position for the breakout. While this diversion of Monty's was brilliantly achieved, he nevertheless left himself open to criticism by overemphasising the importance of his thrust toward Caen. Had he limited himself simply to the containment without making Caen a symbol of it, he would have been credited with success instead of being charged, as he was, with failure.

2091: 4249: 2418:. Overall direction was assigned to the Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Forces, American General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Both Churchill and Eisenhower had found Montgomery difficult to work with in the past and wanted the position to go to the more affable General Sir Harold Alexander. However Montgomery's patron, General Sir Alan Brooke, firmly argued that Montgomery was a much superior general to Alexander and ensured his appointment. Without Brooke's support, Montgomery would have remained in Italy. At St Paul's School on 7 April and 15 May Montgomery presented his strategy for the invasion. He envisaged a ninety-day battle, with all forces reaching the 1215: 2439: 1810: 4243: 4195: 2569: 1738: 1722: 3182: 4169: 2782:. On 11 August, Montgomery changed his plan, with the Canadians to take Falaise and to meet the Americans at Argentan. The First Canadian Army launched two operations, Operation Totalize on 7 August, which advanced only 9 miles (14 km) in four days in the face of fierce German resistance, and Operation Tractable on 14 August, which finally took Falaise on 17 August. In view of the slow Canadian advance, Patton requested permission to take Falaise, but was refused by Bradley on 13 August. This prompted much controversy, many historians arguing that Bradley lacked aggression and that Montgomery should have overruled Bradley. 4201: 2934:. However, Simonds seems to have regarded the Scheldt campaign as a test of his ability, and he felt he could clear the Scheldt with only three Canadian divisions, despite having to take on the entire Fifteenth Army, which held strongly fortified positions in a landscape that favoured the defence. Simonds never complained about the lack of air support (made worse by the cloudy October weather), shortages of ammunition or having insufficient troops, regarding these problems as challenges for him to overcome, rather than a cause for complaint. As it was, Simonds made only slow progress in October 1944 during the fighting in the 51: 2504:

operations around Caen were a "holding operation" intended to attract the bulk of the German forces towards the Caen sector to allow the Americans to stage the "break out operation" on the left flank of the German positions, which was all part of Montgomery's "Master Plan" that he had conceived long before the Normandy campaign. By contrast, the "American school" argued that Montgomery's initial "master plan" was for the 21st Army Group to take Caen at once and move his tank divisions into the plains south of Caen, to then stage a breakout that would lead the 21st Army Group into the plains of northern France and hence into

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breakout on the right. This is what Montgomery proposed in his Directive of June 30th and, if he and his admirers had let the record speak for itself, there would be little debate about his conduct of the first stages of the Normandy campaign. Instead, Montgomery insisted that this Directive was a consistent part of a master plan that he had devised long before the invasion. Curiously, this view does a great disservice to 'Monty' for any rigid planning of operations before the German response was known would have been bad generalship indeed!"

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bulge problematic. As Montgomery was the nearest army group commander on the ground, on 20 December, Eisenhower temporarily transferred command of U.S. Ninth Army and U.S. First Army to Montgomery's 21st Army Group. Bradley was "concerned because it might discredit the American command" but that it might mean Montgomery would commit more of his reserves to the battle. In practice the change led to "great resentment on the part of many Americans, particularly at Headquarters, 12th Army Group, and Third Army".

4222: 4099: 4137: 4089: 3415:'s government proposed a "master plan" to amalgamate British Africa territories and to exploit the raw materials of Africa, thereby counteracting the loss of British influence in Asia. Montgomery sought to strengthen white rule to serve as a bulwark against communism. He described Africans as uncivilized, stating "he is a complete savage and is quite incapable of developing the country himself." His statements were publicized in 1999. After learning of Montgomery's remarks, one of his biographers, 3745: 1873: 1965:

with the heights as his objective, something that Rommel soon did. Montgomery ordered all contingency plans for retreat to be destroyed. "I have cancelled the plan for withdrawal. If we are attacked, then there will be no retreat. If we cannot stay here alive, then we will stay here dead", he told his officers at the first meeting he held with them in the desert, though, in fact, Auchinleck had no plans to withdraw from the strong defensive position he had chosen and established at El Alamein.

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Avranches, after which U.S. Third Army would be activated to drive towards Le Mans and Alençon. On 14 July 1944, Montgomery wrote to his patron Brooke, saying he had chosen on a "real show down on the eastern flanks, and to loose a Corps of three armoured divisions in the open country about the Caen-Falaise road ... The possibilities are immense; with seven hundred tanks loosed to the South-east of Caen, and the armoured cars operating far ahead, anything can happen." The

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the Atlantic alliance were not considered worth it. Montgomery expressed his satisfaction at the results of Goodwood when calling the operation off. Eisenhower was under the impression that Goodwood was to be a break-out operation. Either there was a miscommunication between the two men or Eisenhower did not understand the strategy. Bradley fully understood Montgomery's intentions. Both men would not give away to the press the true intentions of their strategy.

1637:, each of which lasted for several days at a time. Mostly they revolved around the division advancing towards an objective, often a river line, only to come under attack and forced to withdraw to another position, usually behind another river. These exercises usually occurred at night with only very minimal lighting being allowed. By the spring of 1940 Montgomery's division had gained a reputation of being a very agile and flexible formation. By then the 4206: 4174: 2599:. O'Connor, at the cost of about 4,000 men, had won a salient 5 miles (8.0 km) deep and 2 miles (3.2 km) wide but placed the Germans into an unviable long-term position. There was a strong sense of crisis in the Allied command, as the Allies had advanced only about 15 miles (24 km) inland, at a time when their plans called for them to have already taken Rennes, Alençon and St. Malo. After Epsom, Montgomery had to tell General 3159: 4121: 1688:; Montgomery resolved the incident by approaching them and offering to place himself under Belgian command, although Montgomery himself took control when the Germans arrived. During this time he began to develop a particular habit, which he would keep throughout the war, of going to bed at 21:30 every night without fail and giving only a single order—that he was not to be disturbed—which was only very rarely disobeyed. 2607:, which caused some tension with Crerar, who was anxious to get into the field. Epsom had forced further German forces into Caen but all through June and the first half of July Rommel, Rundstedt, and Hitler were engaged in planning for a great offensive to drive the British into the sea; it was never launched and would have required the commitment of a large number of German forces to the Caen sector. 2654:" intelligence, a good idea of the German situation. Montgomery thus knew German Army Group B had lost 96,400 men while receiving 5,200 replacements and the Panzer Lehr Division now based at St. Lô was down to only 40 tanks. Montgomery later wrote that he knew he had the Normandy campaign won at this point as the Germans had almost no reserves while he had three armoured divisions in reserve. 3089:

making a surprise attack through the Ardennes Forest whilst bad weather grounded Allied air power, splitting the Allied Armies in two. They would then turn north to recapture the port of Antwerp. If the attack were to succeed in capturing Antwerp, the whole of 21st Army Group, along with U.S. Ninth Army and most of U.S. First Army would be trapped without supplies behind German lines.

3852: 3147:, writing in 1997, maintained that "Putting Monty in command of the northern flank had no effect on the battle". Ambrose wrote that: "Far from directing the victory, Montgomery had gotten in everyone's way, and had botched the counter-attack." General Omar Bradley blamed Montgomery's "stagnating conservatism" for his failure to counter-attack when ordered to do so by Eisenhower. 2363: 3284:

that British units were spared some of the high-attrition actions, but would be most prominent when the final blows were struck. When that strategy failed, he persuaded Eisenhower to occasionally put some American formations under the control of the 21st Army Group, so as to bolster his resources while still maintaining the outward appearance of successful British effort.

2458:, unfavourable autumnal weather conditions disrupted the Normandy landing areas. Montgomery's initial plan was for the Anglo-Canadian troops under his command to break out immediately from their beachheads on the Calvados coast towards Caen with the aim of taking the city on either D Day or two days later. Montgomery attempted to take Caen with the 3rd Infantry Division, 2034:

victorious battle makes amends for much delay.") He was determined not to fight until he thought there had been sufficient preparation for a decisive victory, and put into action his beliefs with the gathering of resources, detailed planning, the training of troops—especially in clearing minefields and fighting at night—and in the use of 252 of the latest American-built

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were bombed during the Second World War. After Montgomery's death, John Carver wrote that his mother had arguably done the country a favour by keeping his personal oddities—his extreme single-mindedness, and his intolerance of and suspicion of the motives of others—within reasonable bounds long enough for him to have a chance of attaining high command.

3134:, a British author who has since been accused of putting words in the mouths of German generals, and attempting to "rewrite the historical record". After conducting several interviews via an interpreter, Liddell Hart in a subsequent book attributed to Manteuffel the following statement about Montgomery's contribution to the battle in the Ardennes: 1948:, which was all infantry divisions. This arrangement differed from the German Panzer Corps: one of Rommel's Panzer Corps combined infantry, armour and artillery units under one corps commander. The only common commander for Montgomery's all-infantry and all-armour corps was the Eighth Army Commander himself. Writing post-war the English historian 2938:, although he was praised by Copp for imaginative and aggressive leadership who managed to achieve much, despite all of the odds against him. Montgomery had little respect for the Canadian generals, whom he dismissed as mediocre, with the exception of Simonds, whom he consistently praised as Canada's only "first-rate" general in the entire war. 1259:

This was often lacking. At most large headquarters in back areas the doctrine seemed to me to be that the troops existed for the benefit of the staff. My war experience led me to believe that the staff must be the servant of the troops, and that a good staff officer must serve his commander and the troops but himself be anonymous.

2512:. Letters written by Eisenhower at the time of the battle make it clear that Eisenhower was expecting from Montgomery "the early capture of the important focal point of Caen". Later, when this plan had clearly failed, Eisenhower wrote that Montgomery had "evolved" the plan to have the US forces achieve the break-out instead. 3280:

only British Army there is left in this part of the world". The context of British casualties and the shortage of reinforcements, prompted Montgomery to "excessive caution". Dempsey wrote on 13 June, that Caen could only be taken by a "set piece assault and we did not have the men or the ammunition for that at the time".

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he felt strongly that his methodical build-up of British forces was not yet ready. A hasty counter-attack risked ruining his strategy for an offensive on his own terms in late October, planning for which had begun soon after he took command. He was confirmed in the permanent rank of lieutenant-general in mid-October.

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to be seen to be pulling at least half the weight in the liberation of Europe, but without incurring the heavy casualties that such a role would inevitably produce. 21st Army Group scarcely possessed sufficient forces to achieve such a military prominence, and the remaining divisions had to be expended sparingly.

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winter of 1944–45 firing V-1 flying bombs and V-2 rockets at it in an attempt to shut down the port, and the German offensive in December 1944 in the Ardennes had as its ultimate objective the capture of Antwerp. Urban wrote that Montgomery's most "serious failure" in the entire war was not the well publicised

1825:. During this period he instituted a regime of continuous training and insisted on high levels of physical fitness for both officers and other ranks. He was ruthless in sacking officers he considered unfit for command in action. Promoted to temporary lieutenant-general in July, overseeing the defence of Kent, 2690:

this British decoy mission became a sacrificial one, for while we tramped around the outside flank, the British were to sit in place and pin down the Germans. Yet strategically it fitted into a logical division of labors, for it was towards Caen that the enemy reserves would race once the alarm was sounded.

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The 1960 paperback edition of Montgomery's memoirs contains a publisher's note drawing attention to that broadcast, and stating that although the reader might assume from Montgomery's text that Auchinleck had been planning to retreat "into the Nile Delta or beyond" in the publisher's view it had been

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from the Army's point of view but that he was also very unpopular with a large proportion of the Army. Despite this, Cunningham and Portal were strongly in favour of Montgomery succeeding Brooke after his retirement. Churchill, by all accounts a faithful friend, is quoted as saying of Montgomery, "In

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Montgomery was notorious for his lack of tact and diplomacy. Even his "patron", the Chief of the Imperial General Staff, General Sir Alan Brooke, frequently mentions it in his war diaries: "he is liable to commit untold errors in lack of tact" and "I had to haul him over the coals for his usual lack

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Montgomery initially remained prepared to push Second (British) Army hard to capture the vital strategic town of Caen, and consequently incur heavy losses. In the original Overlord plan, Montgomery was determined to push past Caen to Falaise as quickly as possible. However, after the heavy casualties

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The operations of the American 1st Army had developed into a series of individual holding actions. Montgomery's contribution to restoring the situation was that he turned a series of isolated actions into a coherent battle fought according to a clear and definite plan. It was his refusal to engage in

3028:

In the aftermath of Market Garden, Montgomery made holding the Arnhem salient his first priority, arguing that the Second British Army might still be able to break through and reach the wide open plains of northern Germany, and that he might be able to take the Ruhr by the end of October. The Germans

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pointed out that Montgomery made differing statements before Goodwood about the purpose of the operation. Keegan wrote that Montgomery engaged in what he called a "hedging of his bets" when drafting his plans for Goodwood, with a plan for a "break out if the front collapsed, if not, sound documentary

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wrote that the purpose of Goodwood was to draw German troops to their left flank to allow the American forces to break out on the right flank, arguing that Montgomery had to lie to his soldiers about the purpose of Goodwood, as the average British soldier would not have understood why they were being

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on 3 September, four years to the day after Britain declared war on Germany. They encountered little enemy resistance. The Germans had made the decision to fall back and did what they could to stall the Eighth Army's advance, including blowing up bridges, laying mines, and setting up booby-traps. All

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of her leg. The loss devastated Montgomery, who was then serving as a brigadier, but he insisted on throwing himself back into his work immediately after the funeral. Montgomery's marriage had been extremely happy. Much of his correspondence with his wife was destroyed when his quarters at Portsmouth

3635:

in April 1944 that (like Alanbrooke) he kept a secret diary. Gunther remarked that it would surely be an essential source for historians. When Montgomery asked whether it would be worth money one day, Gunther suggested "at least $ 100,000." This was converted into pounds sterling, and he is supposed

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The fewer the number of combat-experienced divisions the British had left at the end of the war, the smaller Britain's influence in Europe was likely to be, compared to the emerging superpowers of the United States and the Soviet Union. Montgomery was thus caught in a dilemma—the British Army needed

3271:

The British high command were not only concerned with winning the war and defeating Germany, but also with ensuring that it retained sufficient influence in the post-war world to govern global policy. Suffering heavy losses in Normandy would diminish British leadership and prestige within its empire

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Operation Goodwood almost cost Montgomery his job, as Eisenhower seriously considered sacking him and only chose not to do so because to sack the popular "Monty" would have caused such a political backlash in Britain against the Americans at a critical moment in the war that the resulting strains in

2619:

Montgomery drew what was the indisputably correct conclusion from these events. If the British and Canadians could continue to hold the bulk of the German armoured divisions on their front through a series of limited attacks, they could wear down the Germans and create the conditions for an American

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As the campaign progressed, Montgomery altered his initial plan for the invasion and continued the strategy of attracting and holding German counter-attacks in the area north of Caen rather than to the south, to allow the U.S. First Army in the west to take Cherbourg. A memo summarising Montgomery's

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under Patton), took umbrage at what they saw as Montgomery's attitudes and boastfulness. However, while they were considered three of the greatest soldiers of their time, due to their competitiveness they were renowned for "squabbling like three schoolgirls" thanks to their "bitchiness", "whining to

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from 31 August 1942. The German/Italian armoured corps infantry attack was stopped in very heavy fighting. Rommel's forces had to withdraw urgently lest their retreat through the British minefields be cut off. Montgomery was criticised for not counter-attacking the retreating forces immediately, but

1964:

Montgomery was determined that the army, navy and air forces should fight their battles in a unified, focused manner according to a detailed plan. He ordered immediate reinforcement of the vital heights of Alam Halfa, just behind his own lines, expecting the German commander, Erwin Rommel, to attack

3279:

In 1944, Britain did not possess the manpower to rebuild shattered divisions and it was imperative for Montgomery to protect the viability of the British army. It was reported to the War Office that "Montgomery has to be very careful of what he does on his eastern flank because on that flank is the

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and RAF resumed operations, inflicting heavy casualties on German troops and vehicles. Six days after Montgomery took command of the northern flank, Patton's Third Army relieved the besieged American forces in Bastogne. Unable to advance further, and running out of fuel, the Wehrmacht abandoned the

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The attack initially advanced rapidly, splitting U.S. 12th Army Group in two, with all of U.S. Ninth Army and the bulk of U.S. First Army on the northern shoulder of the German 'bulge'. The 12th Army Group commander, Bradley, was located in Luxembourg, making command of the U.S. forces north of the

3019:

It was a bad mistake on my part—I underestimated the difficulties of opening up the approaches to Antwerp ... I reckoned the Canadian Army could do it while we were going for the Ruhr. I was wrong ... In my—prejudiced—view, if the operation had been properly backed from its inception, and given the

2957:

Admiral Ramsay, who proved to be a far more articulate and forceful champion of the Canadians than their own generals, starting on 9 October demanded of Eisenhower in a meeting that he either order Montgomery to make supporting the First Canadian Army in the Scheldt fighting his number one priority

2904:

In September 1944, Montgomery ordered Crerar and his First Canadian Army to take the French ports on the English Channel, namely Calais, Boulogne and Dunkirk, and to clear the Scheldt, a task that Crerar stated was impossible as he lacked enough troops to perform both operations at once. Montgomery

2870:

On 9 September, Montgomery wrote to Brooke that "one good Pas de Calais port" would be sufficient to meet all the logistical needs of the 21st Army Group, but only the supply needs of the same formation. At the same time, Montgomery noted that "one good Pas de Calais port" would be insufficient for

2860:, and an opportunity to destroy the German Fifteenth Army was lost. The Germans had mined the river Scheldt, the mouth of the Scheldt was still in German hands making it impossible for the Royal Navy to clear the mines in the river, and therefore the port of Antwerp was still useless to the Allies. 2794:

Too much discussion on Normandy has centered on the controversial decisions of the Allied commanders. It was not good enough, apparently, to win such a complete and spectacular victory over an enemy that had conquered most of Europe unless it was done perfectly. Most of the blame for this lies with

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terrain, Montgomery had to ensure that Rommel focused on the British in the east rather than the Americans in the west, who had to take the Cotentin Peninsula and Brittany before the Germans could be trapped by a general swing east. Montgomery told General Sir Miles Dempsey, the commander of Second

2587:

On 18 June, Montgomery ordered Bradley to take Cherbourg while the British were to take Caen by 23 June. In Operation Epsom, the British VII Corps commanded by Sir Richard O'Connor attempted to outflank Caen from the west by breaking through the dividing line between the Panzer Lehr and the 12th SS

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but soon found itself fighting for its very existence with the Germans launching several determined counterattacks to try and push the Allies back into the sea, with Montgomery's men being too far away to provide any real assistance. The situation was tense over the next few days but the two armies

1952:

commented that Montgomery's solution "was in every way opposite to Auchinleck's and in every way wrong, for it carried the existing dangerous separatism still further." Montgomery reinforced the 30 miles (48 km) long front line at El Alamein, something that would take two months to accomplish.

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Both of Montgomery's stepsons became army officers in the 1930s (both were serving in India at the time of their mother's death), and both served in the Second World War, each eventually attaining the rank of colonel. While serving as a GSO2 with Eighth Army, Dick Carver was sent forward during the

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The higher staffs were out of touch with the regimental officers and with the troops. The former lived in comfort, which became greater as the distance of their headquarters behind the lines increased. There was no harm in this provided there was touch and sympathy between the staff and the troops.

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Montgomery's solution to the dilemma was to attempt to remain Commander of All Land Forces until the end of the war, so that any victory attained on the Western front—although achieved primarily by American formations—would accrue in part to him and thus to Britain. He would also be able to ensure

3117:

The first thing to do was to see the battle on the northern flank as one whole, to ensure the vital areas were held securely, and to create reserves for counter-attack. I embarked on these measures: I put British troops under command of the Ninth Army to fight alongside American soldiers, and made

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Rhine and consolidate north of Arnhem on the far side of the Rhine. The risky plan required three Airborne Divisions to capture numerous intact bridges along a single-lane road, on which an entire Corps had to attack and use as its main supply route. The offensive failed to achieve its objectives.

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was closed on 22 August 1944, but several American generals, most notably Patton, accused Montgomery of being insufficiently aggressive in closing it. About 60,000 German soldiers were trapped in Normandy, but before 22 August, about 20,000 Germans had escaped through the Falaise Gap. About 10,000

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Hitler waited too long to order his soldiers to retreat from Normandy, leading Montgomery to write: "He refused to face the only sound military course. As a result the Allies caused the enemy staggering losses in men and materials." Knowing via "Ultra" that Hitler was not planning to retreat from

2689:

The British and Canadian armies were to decoy the enemy reserves and draw them to their front on the extreme eastern edge of the Allied beachhead. Thus, while Monty taunted the enemy at Caen, we were to make our break on the long roundabout road to Paris. When reckoned in terms of national pride,

1993:) for which he became notable. The black beret was offered to him by Jim Fraser while the latter was driving him on an inspection tour. Both Brooke and Alexander were astonished by the transformation in atmosphere when they visited on 19 August, less than a week after Montgomery had taken command. 1984:

Montgomery made a great effort to appear before troops as often as possible, frequently visiting various units and making himself known to the men, often arranging for cigarettes to be distributed. Although he still wore a standard British officer's cap on arrival in the desert, he briefly wore an

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was right in what he did, if we had gone on we could probably have squashed the rebellion as a temporary measure, but it would have broken out again like an ulcer the moment we removed the troops. I think the rebels would probably have refused battles, and hidden their arms etc. until we had gone.

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by a sniper. Lying in the open, he remained still and pretended to be dead, in the hope that he would not receive any more enemy attention. One of his men did attempt to rescue him but was shot dead by a hidden enemy sniper and collapsed over Montgomery. The sniper continued to fire and Montgomery

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complete with crew. Smith promptly forgot all about it, but Montgomery did not, and when Sfax was taken on 10 April he sent a message to Smith "claiming his winnings". Smith tried to laugh it off, but Montgomery was having none of it and insisted on his aircraft. It got as high as Eisenhower who,

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but were beaten back. In the meantime, the First Canadian Army finally achieved the task of clearing the mouth of the river Scheldt, despite the fact that in the words of Copp and Vogel "that Montgomery's Directive required the Canadians to continue to fight alone for almost two weeks in a battle

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Montgomery pulled away from the First Canadian Army (temporarily commanded now by Simonds as Crerar was ill), the British 51st Highland Division, 1st Polish Division, British 49th (West Riding) Division and 2nd Canadian Armoured Brigade, and sent all of these formations to help the Second British

2909:

by the 4th Canadian Division had been badly smashed by the German defenders, Simonds ordered a stop to further attempts to clear the river Scheldt until his mission of capturing the French ports on the English Channel had been accomplished; this allowed the German Fifteenth Army ample time to dig

2712:

While Collins was hoisting his VII Corps flag over Cherbourg, Montgomery was spending his reputation in a bitter siege against the old university city of Caen. For three weeks he had rammed his troops against those panzer divisions he had deliberately drawn towards that city as part of our Allied

2684:

The objectives of Operation Goodwood were all achieved except the complete capture of the Bourgebus Ridge, which was only partially taken. The operation was a strategic Allied success in drawing in the last German reserves in Normandy towards the Caen sector away from the American sector, greatly

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on the left flank of the BEF began to disintegrate, the 3rd Division achieved something very difficult, the movement at night from the right to the left of another division and only 2,000 yards behind it. This was performed with great professionalism and occurred without any incidents and thereby

1402:

In 1925, in his first known courtship of a woman, Montgomery, then in his late thirties, proposed to a 17-year-old girl, Betty Anderson. His approach included drawing diagrams in the sand of how he would deploy his tanks and infantry in a future war, a contingency which seemed very remote at that

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and was away for up to six months at a time. While he was away, his wife, still in her mid-twenties, gave her children "constant" beatings, then ignored them most of the time. Of Bernard's siblings, Sibyl died prematurely in Tasmania, and Harold, Donald and Una all emigrated. Maud Montgomery took

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believed the Wehrmacht was no longer capable of launching a major offensive, and that no offensive could be launched through such rugged terrain as the Ardennes Forest. Because of this, the area was held by refitting and newly arrived American formations. The Wehrmacht planned to exploit this by

3010:

Montgomery's plan for Operation Market Garden (17–25 September 1944) was to outflank the Siegfried Line and cross the Rhine, setting the stage for later offensives into the Ruhr region. The 21st Army Group would attack north from Belgium, 60 miles (97 km) through the Netherlands, across the

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A chastised Montgomery told Eisenhower on 15 October 1944 that he was now making clearing the Scheldt his "top priority", and the ammunition shortages in the First Canadian Army, a problem which he denied even existed five days earlier, were now over as supplying the Canadians was henceforth his

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Eisenhower took over Ground Forces Command on 1 September, while continuing as Supreme Commander, with Montgomery continuing to command the 21st Army Group, now consisting mainly of British and Canadian units. Montgomery bitterly resented this change, although it had been agreed before the D-Day

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been done perfectly, that Normandy—and all his other battles—had been fought accordingly to a precise master plan drawn up beforehand, from which he never deviated. It says much for his personality that Montgomery found others to agree with him, despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary. His

2745:

With the success of Cobra, which was soon followed by unleashing Patton's Third Army, Eisenhower wrote to Montgomery: "Am delighted that your basic plan has begun brilliantly to unfold with Bradley's initial success." The success of Cobra was aided by Operation Spring, when the II Canadian Corps

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island, the last of the German "fortresses" on the Scheldt, on 8 November 1944. With the Scheldt in Allied hands, Royal Navy minesweepers removed the German mines in the river, and Antwerp was finally opened to shipping on 28 November 1944. Reflecting Antwerp's importance, the Germans spent the

2834:

On 3 September 1944 Hitler ordered Fifteenth Army, which had been stationed in the Pas de Calais region and was withdrawing north into the Low Countries, to hold the mouth of the river Scheldt to deprive the Allies of the use of Antwerp. Von Rundstedt, the German commander of the Western Front,

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Many American officers had found Montgomery a difficult man to work with, and after Goodwood, pressured Eisenhower to fire Montgomery. Although the Eisenhower–Montgomery dispute is sometimes depicted in nationalist terms as being an Anglo-American struggle, it was the British Air Marshal Arthur

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and to threaten the rear of Axis forces opposing Operation Torch. Montgomery prepared meticulously for the new offensive after convincing Churchill that the time was not being wasted. (Churchill sent a telegram to Alexander on 23 September 1942 which began, "We are in your hands and of course a

1254:

There was little contact between the generals and the soldiers. I went through the whole war on the Western Front, except during the period I was in England after being wounded; I never once saw the British Commander-in-Chief, neither French nor Haig, and only twice did I see an Army Commander.

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With the British and American forces under Montgomery's command holding the northern flank of the German assault, General Patton's Third Army, which was 90 miles (140 km) to the south, turned north and fought its way through the severe weather and German opposition to relieve the besieged

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had some late night drinks with Churchill, and Eden said at a meeting of the Chiefs of Staff the next day (29 October 1942) that the Middle East offensive was "petering out". Alanbrooke had told Churchill "fairly plainly" what he thought of Eden's ability to judge the tactical situation from a

1931:

A story, probably apocryphal but popular at the time, is that the appointment caused Montgomery to remark that "After having an easy war, things have now got much more difficult." A colleague is supposed to have told him to cheer up—at which point Montgomery said "I'm not talking about me, I'm

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to search for four British officers who were missing in the area. While he had hoped the show of force would assist in finding the men, he was under strict orders not to attack the IRA. On arriving in the town square in front of Macroom Castle, he summoned the IRA commander, Charlie Browne, to

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Montgomery's memoirs (1958) criticised many of his wartime comrades in harsh terms, including Eisenhower. He was threatened with legal action by Field Marshal Auchinleck for suggesting that Auchinleck had intended to retreat from the Alamein position if attacked again, and had to give a radio

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Both Churchill and Montgomery claimed that the operation was nearly or 90% successful, although in Montgomery's equivocal acceptance of responsibility he blames lack of support, and also refers to the Battle of the Scheldt which was undertaken by Canadian troops not involved in Market Garden.

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If the British could take the Borguebus Ridge, the way to the plains of northern France would be wide open, and potentially Paris could be taken, which explains the ferocity with which the Germans defended the ridge. One German officer, Lieutenant Baron von Rosen, recalled that to motivate a

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The failure to take Caen immediately has been the source of an immense historiographical dispute with bitter nationalist overtones. Broadly, there has been a "British school" which accepts Montgomery's post-war claim that he never intended to take Caen at once, and instead the Anglo-Canadian

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Morelock states that Montgomery was preoccupied with leading a "single thrust offensive" to Berlin as the overall commander of Allied ground forces, and that he accordingly treated the Ardennes counteroffensive "as a sideshow, to be finished with the least possible effort and expenditure of

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offensive that turned much of the French countryside and the city of Caen into a wasteland. The British and Canadians succeeded in advancing into northern Caen before the Germans, who used the ruins to their advantage and stopped the offensive. On 10 July, Montgomery ordered Bradley to take

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who met with Montgomery in late June 1944 says nothing about Montgomery conducting a "holding operation" in the Caen sector, and instead speaks of him seeking a "breakout" into the plains south of the Seine. On 12 June, Montgomery ordered the 7th Armoured Division into an attack against the

1712:

in Montgomery's absence, returned to Britain intact with minimal casualties. Operation Dynamo—codename for the Dunkirk evacuation—saw 330,000 Allied military personnel, including most of the BEF, to Britain, although the BEF was forced to leave behind a significant amount of equipment.

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command tank (on display in the atrium at the museum's London branch), his command caravans as used in North West Europe (on display at IWM Duxford), and his papers are held by the museum's Department of Documents. The museum maintains a permanent exhibition about Montgomery, entitled

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the American armies in France, which would thus force Eisenhower, if for no other reasons than logistics, to favour Montgomery's plans for an invasion of northern Germany by the 21st Army Group, whereas if Antwerp were opened up, then all of the Allied armies could be supplied.

2717:

With Goodwood drawing the Wehrmacht towards the British sector, U.S. First Army enjoyed a two-to-one numerical superiority. Bradley accepted Montgomery's advice to begin the offensive by concentrating at one point instead of a "broad front" as Eisenhower would have preferred.

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The frightful casualties appalled me. The so-called "good fighting generals" of the war appeared to me to be those who had a complete disregard for human life. There were of course exceptions and I suppose one such was Plumer; I had only once seen him and had never spoken to

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1) that it was politically unacceptable to American public opinion to have Montgomery remain as Land Forces Commander as: "Politics would not allow him to carry on giving orders to great armies of Americans simply because, in his view, he was better than their generals."

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It was only after several failed attempts to break out in the Caen sector that Montgomery devised what he later called his "master plan" of having the 21st Army Group hold the bulk of the German forces, thus allowing the Americans to break out. The Canadian historians

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Historian Correlli Barnett has pointed out that the rain also fell on the Germans, and that the weather is therefore an inadequate explanation for the failure to exploit the breakthrough, but nevertheless the Battle of El Alamein had been a great success. Over 30,000

3656:. Montgomery said that the Americans' most important problem was that they had no clear objective, and allowed local commanders to set military policy. At the end of their meeting, Montgomery asked Dayan to tell the Americans, in his name, that they were "insane". 1649:

by the time the German forces attacked. Brooke, Montgomery's corps commander, was pessimistic about the plan but Montgomery, in contrast, was not concerned, believing that he and his division would perform well regardless of the circumstances, particularly in a

8251: 3342:, who was at the time Winston Churchill's chief staff officer and trusted military adviser, once stated of Montgomery: "I have come to the conclusion that his love of publicity is a disease, like alcoholism or taking drugs, and that it sends him equally mad." 2649:

in June 1944 to systematically destroy the telephone system of France, which forced the Germans to use their radios more and more to communicate, and as the code-breakers of Bletchley Park had broken many of the German codes, Montgomery had, thanks to

8702: 2867:, had urged Montgomery to make clearing the mouth of the Scheldt his number-one priority. Alone among the senior commanders, only Ramsay saw opening Antwerp as crucial. Thanks to "Ultra," Montgomery was aware of Hitler's order by 5 September. 1046:. The loveless environment made Bernard something of a bully, as he himself recalled: "I was a dreadful little boy. I don't suppose anybody would put up with my sort of behaviour these days." Later in life Montgomery refused to allow his son 2826:

By September, ports like Cherbourg were too far away from the front line, causing the Allies great logistical problems. Antwerp was the third largest port in Europe. It was a deep water inland port connected to the North Sea via the river

1365:, or the Germans, would have settled it in a very short time. Nowadays public opinion precludes such methods, the nation would never allow it, and the politicians would lose their jobs if they sanctioned it. That being so, I consider that 1729:

On his return Montgomery antagonised the War Office with trenchant criticisms of the command of the BEF and was briefly relegated to divisional command of 3rd Division, which was the only fully equipped division in Britain. He was made a

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into its new home on the Scheldt. The only port that was not captured by the Canadians was Dunkirk, as Montgomery ordered the 2nd Canadian Division on 15 September to hold his flank at Antwerp as a prelude for an advance up the Scheldt.

1218:

The Minister of Munitions, Winston Churchill, watching the march past of the 47th (2nd London) Division in the Grande Place, Lille, France, October 1918. In front of him is the 47th Division's chief of staff, Lieutenant Colonel Bernard

3652:, which Dayan was studying. Montgomery was harshly critical of US strategy in Vietnam, which involved deploying large numbers of combat troops, aggressive bombing attacks, and uprooting entire village populations and forcing them into 2810:

invasion. The British journalist Mark Urban writes that Montgomery seemed unable to grasp that as the majority of the 2.2 million Allied soldiers fighting against Germany on the Western Front were now American (the ratio was 3

2588:

to take the strategic Hill 112. Epsom began well with O'Connor's assault force (the British 15th Scottish Division) breaking through and with the 11th Armoured Division stopping the counter-attacks of the 12th SS Division. General

2341:, which was to be the scene of much bitter and heavy fighting for the next month. While some ground was gained, it was often at the expense of heavy casualties and the Germans always managed to retreat to new defensive positions. 2774:

Normandy, Montgomery, on 6 August 1944, ordered an envelopment operation against Army Group B—with the First Canadian Army under Harry Crerar to advance towards Falaise, British Second Army under Miles Dempsey to advance towards

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A Very Special Relationship: Basil Liddell Hart, Wehrmacht Generals and the Debate on West German Rearmament, 1945-1953, by Alaric Searle; War In History 1998 5: 327; published by SAGE for the University of Salford, Manchester;

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and promoted to full general. He kept the initiative, applying superior strength when it suited him, forcing Rommel out of each successive defensive position. On 6 March 1943, Rommel's attack on the over-extended Eighth Army at

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began on 23 October 1942, and ended 12 days later with one of the first large-scale, decisive Allied land victories of the war. Montgomery correctly predicted both the length of the battle and the number of casualties (13,500).

2549:, in about five minutes. Despite the setback at Villers Bocage, Montgomery was still optimistic as the Allies were landing more troops and supplies than they were losing in battle, and though the German lines were holding, the 3756: 1961:) that were then arriving in Egypt and were scheduled to be deployed in defence of the Nile Delta. He moved his field HQ to Burg al Arab, close to the Air Force command post in order to better coordinate combined operations. 2704:

evidence that all he had intended in the first place was a battle of attrition". Again Bradley confirmed Montgomery's plan and that the capture of Caen was only incidental to his mission, not critical. The American magazine

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and Cork harbour. These invasion plans, like those of the Portuguese islands, also did not go ahead and in July 1940, Montgomery was appointed acting lieutenant-general and after handing over command of his division to

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filled a very vulnerable gap in the BEF's defensive line. On 29/30 May, Montgomery temporarily took over from Brooke, who received orders to return to the United Kingdom, as GOC of II Corps for the final stages of the

606: 2900:

wrote that the commitment of this much firepower and men to take only one French city might "seem excessive", but by this point, the Allies desperately needed ports closer to the front line to sustain their advance.

2878:'s I Corps. To take Le Havre, two infantry divisions, two tank brigades, most of the artillery of the Second British Army, the specialised armoured "gadgets" of Percy Hobart's 79th Armoured Division, the battleship 11654: 1939:

Montgomery's assumption of command transformed the fighting spirit and abilities of the Eighth Army. Taking command on 13 August 1942, he immediately became a whirlwind of activity. He ordered the creation of the

3243:

By the war's end, the remaining formations of 21st Army group, First Canadian Army and British Second Army, had liberated the northern part of the Netherlands and captured much of north-west Germany, occupied

2426:

in the east of the Normandy bridgehead, with relatively static British and Canadian armies forming a shoulder to attract and defeat German counter-attacks, relieving the US armies who would move and seize the

11709: 3003:, and priority for air supply. Eisenhower's decision to launch Market Garden was influenced by his desire to keep the retreating Germans under pressure, and by the pressure from the United States to use the 2913: 1691:

The 3rd Division saw comparatively little action but, owing to the strict training methods of Montgomery, the division always managed to be in the right place at the right time, especially so during the

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In January 1929 Montgomery was promoted to brevet lieutenant-colonel. That month he returned to the 1st Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Regiment again, as Commander of Headquarters Company; he went to the

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that made good progress at first but ended when the Panzer Lehr was joined by the 2nd Panzer Division. At Villers Bocage on 14 June, the British lost twenty Cromwell tanks to five Tiger tanks led by SS

1333:

Montgomery came to the conclusion that the conflict could not be won without harsh measures, and that self-government for Ireland was the only feasible solution; in 1923, after the establishment of the

3240:, with U.S. First Army forming the southern arm. The two armies linked up on 1 April 1945, encircling 370,000 German troops, and on 4 April 1945, Ninth Army reverted to Omar Bradley's 12th Army Group. 2042:

self-propelled howitzers, and making a personal visit to every unit involved in the offensive. By the time the offensive was ready in late October, Eighth Army had 231,000 men on its ration strength.

1625:

and 9th Infantry Brigades along with supporting units, he was not impressed with its readiness for battle. As a result, while most of the rest of the BEF set about preparing defences for an expected

1394:

and was promoted to major in July 1925. From January 1926 to January 1929 he served as Deputy Assistant Adjutant General at the Staff College, Camberley, in the temporary rank of lieutenant-colonel.

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in Venice. The drink was facetiously named for Montgomery's supposed refusal to go into battle unless his numerical advantage was at least fifteen to one, and it appeared in Hemingway's 1950 novel

2843:" (emphasis in the original). Rundstedt argued with Hitler that as long as the Allies could not use the port of Antwerp, the Allies would lack the logistical capacity for an invasion of Germany. 1598:

objected; Brooke told Monty that he did not want any further errors of this kind, though deciding not to get him to formally withdraw it as it would remove any "vestige of respect" left for him.

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complained that it was impossible to move fighter squadrons to France until Montgomery had captured some airfields, something he asserted that Montgomery appeared incapable of doing. The first

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before the Germans could destroy key port facilities, and on 4 September, Antwerp was captured by Horrocks with its harbour mostly intact. The British declined to immediately advance over the

1996:

Alan Brooke said that Churchill was always impatient for his generals to attack at once, and he wrote that Montgomery was always "my Monty" when Montgomery was out of favour with Churchill.

1250:

Montgomery was profoundly influenced by his experiences during the war, in particular by the leadership, or rather the lack of it, being displayed by the senior commanders. He later wrote:

2971:, but rather his lack of interest in opening up Antwerp, as without it the entire Allied advance from the North Sea to the Swiss Alps stalled in the autumn of 1944 for logistical reasons. 11659: 4217: 1235:, with the temporary rank of lieutenant-colonel. A photograph from October 1918, reproduced in many biographies, shows the then unknown Lieutenant-Colonel Montgomery standing in front of 3150:

Command of U.S. First Army reverted to 12th Army Group on 17 January 1945, whilst command of U.S. Ninth Army remained with 21st Army Group for the coming operations to cross the Rhine.

7799: 2131:, 20 to 27 March, when Montgomery encountered fiercer frontal opposition than he had anticipated, he switched his major effort into an outflanking inland pincer, backed by low-flying 11779: 3775: 2987:

in September 1944. The offensive was strategically bold. Following the Allied breakout from Normandy, Eisenhower, favored pursuing the German armies northwards and eastwards to the

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of Seventh Army had to commit the newly arrived II SS Corps to stop the British offensive. Dollmann, fearing that Epsom would be a success, committed suicide and was replaced by SS

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island also belonging to neutral Portugal. These invasion plans also did not go ahead. Montgomery was then ordered to prepare plans for the invasion of neutral Ireland and to seize

1837:. He renamed his command the South-Eastern Army to promote offensive spirit. During this time he further developed and rehearsed his ideas and trained his soldiers, culminating in 11824: 3118:

that Army take over some of the First Army Front. I positioned British troops as reserves behind the First and Ninth Armies until such time as American reserves could be created.

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that the activation of the First Canadian Army would have to wait as there was only room at present, in the Caen sector, for the newly arrived XII Corps under Lieutenant-General

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handling of the Battle of Normandy was of a very high order, and as the person who would certainly have been blamed for losing the battle, he deserves the credit for winning it.

1042:

little active interest in the education of her young children other than to have them taught by tutors brought from Britain, although he briefly attended the then coeducational

10497:

Montgomery and the Battle of Normandy: A Selection from the Diaries, Correspondence and Other Papers of Field Marshal the Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, January to August 1944

2017:

General Montgomery with his pets, the puppies "Hitler" (left) and "Rommel", and a cage of canaries which also travelled with him (at Blay, his second HQ in France in July 1944)

609: 11844: 11664: 5775:, beginning with Montgomery saying to Ismay, "It's a sad thing that a professional soldier can reach the peak of generalship and then suffer a reverse which ruins his career." 5746:

Stacey, Charles P. Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War: Six Years of War: The Army in Canada, Britain and the Pacific. Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1966.

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and the German seizure of the country. He eventually reached British lines on 5 December 1943, to the delight of his stepfather, who sent him home to Britain to recuperate.

11769: 7551:. United States Army in World War II. European Theater of Operations. Washington DC: U.S. Department of the Army. p. 378. CMH Pub. 7-1 – via Hyperwar Foundation. 1370:

The only way therefore was to give them some form of self government, and let them squash the rebellion themselves, they are the only people who could really stamp it out.

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and on post-war Europe in particular. Many of Montgomery's clashes with Eisenhower were based on his determination to pursue the war "on lines most suitable to Britain".

2725: 2337:. Movement soon came to an almost complete halt in the early part of November when the Eighth Army came up against a new defensive line established by the Germans on the 11754: 11714: 3966: 1586:, of which Montgomery's division formed a part. Montgomery had issued a circular on the prevention of venereal disease, worded in such "obscene language" that both the 8648: 1418:. Dick Carver later wrote that it had been "a very brave thing" for Montgomery to take on a widow with two children. Montgomery's son, David, was born in August 1928. 880:, liberated the Netherlands, and captured much of north-west Germany. On 4 May 1945, Montgomery accepted the surrender of the German forces in north-western Europe at 8680: 3236:. During this battle, U.S. Ninth Army, which had remained part of 21st Army Group after the Battle of the Bulge, formed the northern arm of the envelopment of German 2481:

sent to Caen as well. Montgomery thus had to face what Stephen Badsey called the "most formidable" of all the German divisions in France. The 12th Waffen SS Division

2406:

As a result of his dissatisfaction with Italy, he was delighted to receive the news that he was to return to Britain in January 1944. He was assigned to command the

10977: 1544:. Reporting the suppression of the revolt in April 1939, Montgomery wrote, "I shall be sorry to leave Palestine in many ways, as I have enjoyed the war out here". 11764: 2499:

General Montgomery passes German POWs while being driven along a road in a jeep, shortly after arriving in Normandy, 8 June 1944. Two seem to have recognised him.

2306:(both of which formed the 15th Army Group under General Alexander) finally began to meet on 16 September, by which time the crisis at Salerno was virtually over. 11819: 10557: 2694:

The long-running dispute over what Montgomery's "master plan" in Normandy led historians to differ greatly about the purpose of Goodwood. The British journalist

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Personally, my whole attention was given to defeating the rebels but it never bothered me a bit how many houses were burnt. I think I regarded all civilians as

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Auchinleck's intention to launch an offensive as soon as the Eighth Army was "rested and regrouped". Montgomery was stripped of his honorary citizenship of

3139:

premature and piecemeal counter-attacks which enabled the Americans to gather their reserves and frustrate the German attempts to extend their breakthrough.

11784: 11024: 10962: 6060: 1047: 2839:, the commander of 15th Army, that: "The attempt of the enemy to occupy the West Scheldt in order to obtain the free use of the harbor of Antwerp must be 11789: 2469:, who hit the advancing Anglo-Canadian troops very hard. Rommel followed up this success by ordering the 2nd Panzer Division to Caen while Field Marshal 1773:. Models of the islands were prepared and detailed plans worked out for the invasion. The invasion plans did not go ahead and plans switched to invading 11854: 11849: 11739: 11724: 11719: 11704: 11694: 8416:

James, Laura (2005). "Nasser and His Enemies: Foreign Policy Decision Making in Egypt on the Eve of the Six Day War". Herzliya, Israel: MERIA Journal.

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my mistakes, or the adverse weather, or the presence of the 2nd SS Panzer Corps in the Arnhem area. I remain Market Garden's unrepentant advocate.

11834: 11649: 3981:(UK, 17 February 1915, 4 January 1917, 11 December 1917, 20 May 1918, 20 December 1918, 5 July 1919, 15 July 1939, 24 June 1943, 13 January 1944) 2992: 2615:

and Robert Vogel wrote about the dispute between the "American school" and "British school" after having suffered several setbacks in June 1944:

2344:

Montgomery abhorred what he considered to be a lack of coordination, a dispersion of effort, a strategic muddle and a lack of opportunism in the

11814: 11644: 11417: 8623: 3936: 1073:, from which he was almost expelled for rowdiness and violence. On graduation in September 1908 he was commissioned into the 1st Battalion the 10270: 8321:"The Field Marshall reconnoitres Switzerland's No-Man's-Land once again: some striking aerial views of Mount Toedi taken by Lord Montgomery". 2177:

commander, to be unworkable because of the dispersion of effort. He managed to have the plans recast to concentrate the Allied forces, having

11684: 11532: 11392: 7803: 3074: 2103: 1897: 11729: 11304: 7777: 6134: 3972: 11804: 11329: 11211: 11193: 11037: 10897: 7695:"Liddell Hart and the Mearsheimer Critique: A 'Pupil's' Retrospective" (PDF); Strategic Studies Institute.; by Jay Luvaas; 1990; pg 12-13 3331: 1913: 1471:

to help write the Infantry Training Manual in mid-1929. In 1931 Montgomery was promoted to substantive lieutenant-colonel and became the

1082: 896: 646: 506: 501: 205: 11002: 2762:'s XXX Corps heading south. A dissatisfied Montgomery sacked Bucknall for being insufficiently aggressive and replaced him with General 11402: 11072: 10714: 9648: 8514: 3679:

after a visit to South Africa in 1962, and after a visit to China declared himself impressed by the Chinese leadership led by Chairman

1618: 1567: 868:, Montgomery received command of the northern shoulder of the Bulge. Montgomery's 21st Army Group, including the US Ninth Army and the 857: 3069: 1976:, the new GOC XIII Corps, discussing troop dispositions at 22nd Armoured Brigade HQ, 20 August 1942. The brigade commander, Brigadier 1164:

Conspicuous gallant leading on 13th October, when he turned the enemy out of their trenches with the bayonet. He was severely wounded.

11137: 11127: 7588: 3502: 2646: 2115: 1762: 1062: 3620:

broadcast (20 November 1958) expressing his gratitude to Auchinleck for having stabilised the front at the First Battle of Alamein.

11699: 11152: 11142: 11017: 3927:. Ironically, following severe internal injuries received in the First World War, Montgomery himself could neither smoke nor drink. 3744: 1286: 483: 17: 7507: 4745: 2565:

attacks on London, which started on 13 June, further increased the pressure on Montgomery from Whitehall to speed up his advance.

11839: 11077: 11067: 7515: 4002: 3431: 1709: 7637:

In Pursuit of Military Excellence; The Evolution of Operational Theory'; by Shimon Naveh, pg 108-109. (London: Francass, 1997).

2485:, as its name implies, was drawn entirely from the more fanatical elements of the Hitler Youth and commanded by the ruthless SS- 11639: 11624: 11437: 11219: 11167: 10656: 3984: 2400: 2274: 1813:

During Exercise 'Bumper' on 2 October 1941 Montgomery, the Chief Umpire, talks to General Sir Alan Brooke (C-in-C Home Forces).

1610: 1533: 1529: 1450:

as to where his stepson was being held, and that parcels be sent to him. Like many British POWs, the most famous being General

1319: 1126: 1122: 818: 429: 265: 193: 8137: 5137: 11634: 11347: 11157: 10628: 10523: 10504: 10477: 10426: 10399: 10375: 10352: 10322: 10303: 10280: 10259: 10229: 10199: 10173: 10147: 10109: 10071: 10052: 10033: 10014: 9995: 9976: 9953: 9934: 9910: 9891: 9872: 9853: 9834: 9815: 9796: 9774: 9741: 9718: 9699: 9658: 9616: 9594: 9572: 9550: 9529: 9510: 9491: 9472: 9380: 9359: 9338: 9315: 9296: 9274: 9255: 9233: 9214: 9195: 9176: 8502: 8478: 8043: 8006: 7659: 7009: 5592: 5546: 5465: 5120: 4698: 4398: 3800: 3767: 3313:

with his renowned skill in diplomacy, ensured Montgomery did get his Flying Fortress, though at a great cost in ill feeling.

2874:

The importance of ports closer to Germany was highlighted with the liberation of the city of Le Havre, which was assigned to

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were all committed. On 10 September 1944, Bomber Command dropped 4,719 tons of bombs on Le Havre, which was the prelude to

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In 1942, a new field commander was required in the Middle East, where Auchinleck was fulfilling both the role of C-in-C of

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officers that they would lose any war with Israel, a warning that was shown to be justified only a few weeks later in the

3330:

were discussing their possible successors as "Chiefs of Staff", they concluded that Montgomery would be very efficient as

2159:(Operation Husky). Montgomery considered the initial plans for the Allied invasion, which had been agreed in principle by 11669: 11552: 11501: 11407: 11382: 11372: 11279: 11254: 11172: 11132: 11057: 11010: 10931: 10638: 3942:

Azure two lions passant guardant between three fleur-de-lis two in chief and one in base and two trefoils in fess all or.

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Lieutenant-General Alan Brooke, GOC II Corps, with Major-General Bernard Montgomery, GOC 3rd Division, and Major-General

1204: 31: 10921: 3532:

Montgomery's mother, Maude Montgomery, died in 1949. Montgomery did not attend the funeral, claiming he was "too busy".

3445:

as his successor. When Montgomery protested that he had told his protégé, General Sir John Crocker, former commander of

2991:

on a broad front. Eisenhower relied on speed, which in turn depended on logistics, which were "stretched to the limit".

2766:. At the same time, Montgomery ordered Patton—whose Third Army was supposed to advance into Brittany—to instead capture 11427: 11244: 11122: 11112: 11097: 10166:

The Mediterranean and Middle East, Vol. III: British Fortunes reach their Lowest Ebb (September 1941 to September 1942)

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was a "charter for buggery" and that "this sort of thing may be tolerated by the French, but we're British—thank God".

3474: 3393: 2178: 1731: 1492: 1312: 451: 8573: 2941: 1684:. Soon after arrival, the division was fired on by members of the Belgian 10th Infantry Division who mistook them for 11562: 11460: 11458: 11422: 11357: 11087: 11082: 11062: 9406: 9390: 7642: 4078: 3600: 3547: 1642: 1525: 1521: 1502:

On completion of his tour of duty in India, Montgomery returned to Britain in June 1937 where he took command of the

1121:

began in August 1914 and Montgomery moved to France with his battalion that month, which was at the time part of the

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Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery talking with Lieutenant General Simpson, GOC U.S. Ninth Army and Major General

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for his frank attitude regarding the sexual health of his soldiers, but was defended from dismissal by his superior

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and I never had any dealings with any of them. My own view is that to win a war of this sort, you must be ruthless.

11759: 11629: 11491: 11264: 11162: 11107: 11102: 11049: 11033: 4764: 4048: 3505:

in 1951, Montgomery became Eisenhower's deputy. He would continue to serve under Eisenhower's successors, Generals

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In one noteworthy incident on 2 May 1922, Montgomery led a force of 60 soldiers and 4 armoured cars to the town of

1058: 9967:

Brothers Rivals Victors: Eisenhower, Patton, Bradley, and the Partnership That Drove the Allied Conquest in Europe

4125: 2147: 1574:. Shortly after the division's arrival overseas, Montgomery faced serious trouble from his military superiors and 876:

in March 1945. By the end of the war, troops under Montgomery's command had taken part in the encirclement of the

11774: 11547: 11299: 11274: 11147: 10907: 7654:

Liddell Hart and the Weight of History; by John Mearsheimer; pages 8-9, 203-204; Cornell University Press; 2010;

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and started a long-running feud with the new Commander-in-chief (C-in-C) of Southern Command, Lieutenant-General

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in June 1934 (seniority from January 1932). He attended and was then recommended to become an instructor at the

11749: 11588: 11468: 11464: 11224: 10952: 8780: 4359: 3953: 3895: 3731: 3522: 3442: 3163: 3030: 2950: 2382: 2090: 1896:, but after a visit in August 1942, the Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, replaced him as C-in-C with General 1309: 1189: 1177: 1173: 1110: 1106: 660: 632: 160: 9370: 1725:

Montgomery, GOC V Corps, with war correspondents during a large-scale exercise in Southern Command, March 1941

11674: 11259: 11249: 10939: 10683: 10539: 10194:. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. 10168:. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. 4071: 3881: 3102: 1977: 1958: 1541: 1387: 259: 9267:

The Brereton Diaries: The War in the Air in the Pacific, Middle East and Europe, 3 October 1941 – 8 May 1945

4248: 2962:

first concern. Simonds, now reinforced with British troops and Royal Marines, cleared the Scheldt by taking

1972:

Lieutenant-General Bernard Montgomery, the new commander of the British Eighth Army, and Lieutenant-General

1022:, "there was barely enough to keep up New Park and pay for the blasted summer holiday" (i.e., at New Park). 11486: 10820: 10544: 6708: 3167: 2676:

General Montgomery stops his car to chat with troops during a tour of I Corps area near Caen, 11 July 1944.

1889: 1232: 1208: 1066: 829: 798: 417: 229: 10568: 8750: 8394: 7542: 1916:(CIGS), to appoint Montgomery, who had only just been nominated to replace Alexander, as commander of the 1214: 11516: 11032: 10984: 10601: 10573: 10187: 10161: 3899: 3363: 3309: 2393: 2066: 2059: 1917: 1185: 1151: 1074: 1026: 994:

After the death of Sir Robert Montgomery, Henry inherited the Montgomery ancestral estate of New Park in

782: 766: 653: 511: 349: 278: 180: 9423:

Copp, Terry (Fall 1981). "'No Lack of Rational Speed': First Canadian Army Operations, September 1944".

5250:

A staff post, normally held by a major, although the account does not give his specific rank at the time

3130:

in the Ardennes, was imprisoned awaiting trial for war crimes. During this period he was interviewed by

2438: 2273:, although it was Montgomery who was later much criticised for the lack of progress. On 9 September the 1809: 10768: 10666: 3486: 3450: 3374: 3308:

by the middle of April 1943. Smith jokingly replied that if Montgomery could do it he would give him a

3004: 2979:

Montgomery was able to persuade Eisenhower to allow him to test his strategy of a single thrust to the

2568: 2185: 2170: 1945: 1893: 1818: 1737: 1721: 1563: 1507: 1010:, a large debt in the 1880s (equivalent to £1,825,976 in 2023) and Henry was at the time still only an 869: 814: 439: 241: 7105:

Terrible Victory: First Canadian Army and the Scheldt Estuary Campaign: 13 September – 6 November 1944

4242: 3648:. After an initial meeting in the early 1950s, Montgomery met Dayan again in the 1960s to discuss the 3419:, said his reputation had been "irredeemably damaged... I find it very disappointing and depressing." 3181: 1446:

on 7 November 1942. Montgomery wrote to his contacts in England asking that inquiries be made via the

1429:

in 1937, Betty suffered an insect bite which became infected, and she died in her husband's arms from

10870: 10710: 3612: 3408:

Montgomery was Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS) from 1946 to 1948, succeeding Alan Brooke.

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aircraft, ground forces, and administrative resources necessary for the job, it would have succeeded

2156: 1583: 1327: 1282: 1197: 928: 892: 833: 755: 383: 369: 307: 253: 211: 7785: 5839: 3422:

However, Montgomery was barely on speaking terms with his fellow service chiefs, sending his deputy

2580: 2127:) with the largest concentration of German armour in North Africa was successfully repulsed. At the 11829: 10741: 10183: 10157: 9243: 7001: 6028: 5039: 4998: 3684: 3653: 3446: 3063: 3055: 2896:, the assault on Le Havre by Crocker's men, which was taken two days later. The Canadian historian 2447: 2286: 2253: 2201: 2196:

in the west and north of Sicily. Inter-Allied tensions grew as the American commanders, Patton and

2167: 2055: 1954: 1941: 1791: 1484: 1297: 1201: 900: 837: 476: 388: 247: 199: 10186:; Flynn, Captain F.C. (R.N.); Molony, Brigadier C.J.C. & Gleave, Group Captain T.P. (2004d) . 10160:; Flynn, Captain F.C. (R.N.); Molony, Brigadier C.J.C. & Gleave, Group Captain T.P. (2004c) . 9755: 9079: 9039: 9019: 8999: 8979: 8874: 8854: 8834: 8206: 8186: 7684: 7037: 6101: 6008: 5901: 5727: 5707: 5672: 5640: 5059: 4534: 4514: 4474: 4454: 4434: 4414: 4194: 4189: 3868:

holds a variety of material relating to Montgomery in its collections. These include Montgomery's

3300:

One incident that illustrated this occurred during the North African campaign when Montgomery bet

1442:

pursuit after El Alamein to help identify a new site for Eighth Army HQ. He was taken prisoner at

899:(1946–1948). From 1948 to 1951, he served as Chairman of the Commanders-in-Chief Committee of the 50: 9784: 9122: 9102: 9059: 8959: 8914: 8894: 5091: 4349: 3978: 3918: 3683:. He spoke out against the legalisation of homosexuality in the United Kingdom, arguing that the 3566: 3478: 3338:

Montgomery suffered from "an overbearing conceit and an uncontrollable urge for self-promotion."

3101:. Four days after Montgomery took command of the northern flank, the bad weather cleared and the 2984: 2906: 2836: 2831:. The Scheldt was wide enough and dredged deep enough to allow the passage of ocean-going ships. 2326: 2160: 2022: 1905: 1859: 1224: 1102: 995: 988: 861: 825: 790: 516: 434: 344: 6142: 4494: 4168: 3297:

of tact and egotistical outlook which prevented him from appreciating other people's feelings".

1985:

Australian broad-brimmed hat before switching to wearing the black beret (with the badge of the

1562:

Britain declared war on Germany on 3 September 1939 and the 3rd Division, together with its new

11387: 7767:; Part 3, Volume 4, United States. Dept. of the Army – Office of Military History; 1947; p. 439 4226: 4200: 4146: 3485:

gives an account of the bickering between Montgomery and his land forces chief, French General

3397: 3370: 2322: 2246: 1968: 1855: 1697: 1680:

on 10 May 1940 and the 3rd Division advanced to its planned position, near the Belgian city of

1638: 1455: 1343: 1293: 1193: 1113:. Montgomery served as brigade major with the 104th Brigade from January 1915 until early 1917. 786: 747: 339: 4746:"The Suffolk nun charged with teaching one of the world's most controversial military leaders" 4708: 3461: 1540:. He returned in July 1939 to Britain, suffering a serious illness on the way, to command the 11567: 11229: 8816: 8372:(22 February 1992), the duel challenge actually came from Vincenzo Caputo, a Sicilian lawyer. 4915: 4774: 4324: 4027: 3844: 3799:, which had hung in St. George's Chapel in Windsor during his lifetime, is now on display in 3526: 3174:, talking after a conference in which Montgomery gave the order for the Second Army to begin 2935: 1838: 1606: 1532:

in the British mandate of Palestine. In Palestine, Montgomery was involved in suppressing an

1240: 1086: 968: 940: 778: 9730: 9142: 7514:. United States Army in World War II, The European Theater of Operations. Washington, D.C.: 5436: 5416: 5396: 5376: 5356: 5336: 5151: 4935: 4865: 4845: 4253: 4184: 4152: 3996: 1414:. Betty Carver had two sons in their early teens, John and Dick, from her first marriage to 809:

and, later, the 1st Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Regiment before becoming commander of the

11619: 11614: 11117: 10385: 5316: 5296: 5171: 4554: 3123: 3051: 2651: 2538: 2455: 2163: 1630: 1390:(TA) formation. He returned to the 1st Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Regiment in 1925 as a 1154:, for his gallant leadership during this period: the citation for this award, published in 999: 841: 354: 10516:

Normandy 1944: German Military Organization, Combat Power and Organizational Effectiveness

10192:

The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume IV: The Destruction of the Axis Forces in Africa

8470: 8464: 7592: 4274: 4232: 4221: 2672: 2636:

Prime Minister Churchill with General Montgomery at the latter's HQ in Normandy, July 1944

2632: 2515: 2495: 2098:

with military leaders during his visit to Tripoli. The group includes: Lieutenant-General

1037:

Montgomery considered it his duty to spend as much time as possible in the rural areas of

8: 11432: 10590: 9626: 8229: 5771:, 1959, p. 157, this conversation was with Churchill's chief military assistant, General 4578: 4337: 4064: 4058: 3865: 3856: 3796: 3763: 3625: 3301: 3206: 3043: 2533: 2367: 2309: 2302: 2282: 2230: 1986: 1925: 1885: 1517: 1488: 1476: 1451: 1130: 936: 865: 617: 456: 446: 422: 10550: 10437: 3411:

As CIGS, Montgomery toured Africa in 1947 and in a secret 1948 report to Prime Minister

3046:, Montgomery's 21st Army Group was on the northern flank of the allied lines. Bradley's 2946: 2462:

and the 3rd Canadian Division but was stopped from 6–8 June by 21st Panzer Division and

1050:

to have anything to do with his grandmother, and refused to attend her funeral in 1949.

11234: 10466: 10389: 10364: 10292: 10090: 9965: 9924: 9540: 9440: 9327: 9147: 9127: 9107: 9084: 9064: 9044: 9024: 9004: 8984: 8964: 8919: 8899: 8879: 8859: 8839: 8234: 8211: 8191: 7519: 7042: 6106: 6054: 6013: 5906: 5732: 5712: 5677: 5645: 5441: 5421: 5401: 5381: 5361: 5341: 5321: 5301: 5176: 5156: 5096: 5064: 5044: 5003: 4940: 4920: 4870: 4850: 4650: 4559: 4539: 4519: 4499: 4479: 4459: 4439: 4419: 4354: 4269: 4157: 3910: 3841: 3807: 3710: 3355: 3144: 3131: 2931: 2755: 2666: 2589: 2470: 2443: 2428: 2411: 2357: 2325:'s V Corps having arrived to reinforce Dempsey's XIII Corps, advanced to the east. The 2318: 1769:

Montgomery was ordered to make ready the 3rd Division to invade the neutral Portuguese

1702: 1671: 1514: 1472: 1366: 1305: 1156: 1054: 1038: 845: 405: 395: 364: 332: 223: 9395: 1685: 1145:

on 13 October 1914, during an Allied counter-offensive, he was shot through the right

983:; Sir Robert died a month after his grandson's birth. He was probably a descendant of 11201: 10795: 10734: 10519: 10500: 10483: 10473: 10452: 10422: 10405: 10395: 10371: 10348: 10318: 10299: 10276: 10255: 10225: 10195: 10169: 10143: 10124: 10105: 10077: 10067: 10048: 10029: 10010: 9991: 9972: 9949: 9930: 9906: 9887: 9868: 9849: 9830: 9811: 9792: 9770: 9737: 9714: 9695: 9676: 9654: 9612: 9604: 9590: 9568: 9546: 9525: 9506: 9487: 9468: 9444: 9402: 9376: 9355: 9334: 9311: 9292: 9270: 9251: 9229: 9210: 9191: 9172: 8724: 8548: 8498: 8474: 8104: 8081: 8062: 8039: 8002: 7825: 7655: 7638: 7108: 7005: 5588: 5542: 5461: 5116: 4394: 4093: 4034: 3781:

Statue of Field Marshal The 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein in Montgomery Square,

3659:

During a visit to the Alamein battlefields in May 1967, he bluntly told high-ranking

3608: 3427: 3377: 3226: 3222: 3214: 3210: 3198: 3190: 3175: 2927: 2893: 2879: 2374: 2265: 2095: 2050: 1834: 1803: 1693: 1667: 1634: 1587: 1391: 1290: 1236: 1078: 924: 873: 849: 667: 466: 461: 359: 327: 235: 7546: 3256: 1277:

After the First World War, Montgomery commanded the 17th (Service) Battalion of the

11583: 11511: 11239: 10880: 10751: 10219: 10045:

Churchill's Lions: A biographical guide to the key British generals of World War II

9560: 9432: 8598: 7672: 6065: 4310: 4210: 4178: 4041: 4016: 3990: 3914: 3888: 3604: 3510: 3423: 3381: 3186: 2968: 2886: 2818:

Winston Churchill had Montgomery promoted to field marshal by way of compensation.

2730: 2546: 2234: 2189: 2181: 2079: 1949: 1863: 1742: 1677: 1663: 1651: 1335: 1326:, Ireland, carrying out counter-guerilla operations during the final stages of the 998:, a small town in Inishowen in the north of County Donegal in Ulster, the northern 759: 674: 322: 317: 107: 7954: 6084: 4280: 3636:

to have grinned and said "Well, I guess I won't die in the poor house after all."

1403:

time. She respected his ambition and single-mindedness but declined his proposal.

1300:, Surrey (his only hope of ever achieving high command). But at a tennis party in 11412: 11314: 10845: 10621: 10597: 9668: 9582: 9462: 9349: 6993: 4656: 4388: 4264: 4258: 4162: 4114: 4098: 4009: 3558: 3506: 3218: 3127: 3059: 2995:(SHAEF) did provide Montgomery with additional resources, principally additional 2853: 2759: 2658: 2562: 2407: 2218: 2174: 2136: 2132: 2124: 2075: 2013: 1921: 1591: 1362: 1346: 1339: 1278: 952: 853: 806: 802: 751: 412: 400: 302: 285: 217: 7484: 4285: 11352: 11309: 11269: 10724: 10579: 9587:

Decision in Normandy: The Unwritten Story of Montgomery and the Allied Campaign

9284: 8794: 8272: 7676: 7566: 6069: 4661: 4657:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)" 3412: 3034:

which everyone agreed could only be won with the aid of additional divisions".

2864: 2786: 2763: 2662: 2641: 2389: 2257: 2188:

land in the Gulf of Gela (on the Eighth Army's left flank, which landed around

1973: 1758: 1617:

Although Montgomery's new command was a Regular Army formation, comprising the

1422: 1350: 1318:

After graduating from the Staff College, he was appointed brigade major in the

1228: 1142: 1134: 1030: 948: 864:. When German armoured forces broke through the US lines in Belgium during the 832:

from August 1942. He subsequently commanded the British Eighth Army during the

794: 774: 586: 167: 8574:"Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery | British military commander" 8080:, p. 1103, by Gerhard L. Weinberg, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, 2013, 4136: 4088: 2329:

soon fell to Allfrey's V Corps, but the Germans fought hard in the defence of

1872: 1528:. He was promoted to major-general on 14 October 1938 and took command of the 1081:, and first saw overseas service later that year in India. He was promoted to 765:

Montgomery first saw action in the First World War as a junior officer of the

11608: 11442: 11377: 11367: 10788: 10778: 10761: 10693: 10487: 10409: 10081: 8552: 8255: 7680: 4173: 4109: 3660: 3416: 3366: 3316: 3261:

surrender of German forces in north-west Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands

3194: 3171: 3000: 2848: 2576: 2371: 2290: 2270: 2261: 2242: 1787: 1629:

attack sometime in the future, Montgomery began training his 3rd Division in

1415: 1169: 1097: 1085:

in 1910, and in 1912 became adjutant of the 1st Battalion of his regiment at

1007: 980: 10585: 10456: 8934: 4574: 4237: 4141: 3453:, that the job was to be his, Attlee is said to have retorted "Untell him." 2256:

in early September 1943, becoming the first of the Allied forces to land in

11506: 11472: 11362: 11337: 11319: 11182: 11041: 10830: 9920: 9436: 4332: 4290: 4020: 3830: 3699: 3632: 3360: 3237: 2875: 2857: 2734: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2378: 2213: 2197: 2099: 2035: 1997: 1933: 1901: 1646: 1443: 1411: 956: 852:

on 6 June 1944 until 1 September 1944. He then continued in command of the

744: 142: 9903:

Colossal Cracks: Montgomery's 21st Army Group in Northwest Europe, 1944–45

7755:, Forrest C Pogue, Chapter XX – The Winter Counteroffensives, pp. 378, 395 4216: 3437:

When Montgomery's term of office expired, Prime Minister Attlee appointed

2917:

Holland, 13 October 1944: Montgomery outlines his future strategy to King

1645:, where they would advance deep into Belgium and take up positions on the 1475:(CO) of the 1st Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Regiment and saw service in 1358: 1025:

It was a financial relief of some magnitude when, in 1889, Henry was made

11092: 10805: 4343: 3903: 3818: 3719: 3691: 3664: 3649: 3645: 3551: 3536: 3466: 3233: 3232:

21st Army Group's river crossing was followed by the encirclement of the

2747: 2700: 2473:

received permission from Hitler to have the elite 1st Waffen SS Division

2396: 2128: 1778: 1480: 1430: 1323: 1118: 1019: 877: 471: 9188:

Field Marshal Bernard Law Montgomery, 1887–1976: A Selected Bibliography

7365: 4104: 3570:

published sets of photographs taken by Montgomery while flying over the

3205:

In February 1945, Montgomery's 21st Army Group advanced to the Rhine in

2926:

Army to expand the Market Garden salient with Operations Constellation,

2135:

fighter-bomber support. For his role in North Africa he was awarded the

1454:, Dick Carver escaped in September 1943 during the brief hiatus between 991:, the famous preacher, and was eighteen years younger than her husband. 9884:

Medicine and Victory: British Military Medicine in the Second World War

9767:

Churchill, Roosevelt & Company: Studies in Character and Statecraft

7368:

The Military 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Leaders of All Time

3948: 3695: 3680: 3575: 3571: 2996: 2897: 2695: 2612: 2489: 1774: 1754: 1468: 1434: 1181: 1146: 920: 90: 3913:

mixed at a ratio of 15 parts gin to 1 part vermouth, and popular with

2779: 2293:(which actually contained a large number of British troops) landed at 1138: 770: 11710:

Foreign recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States)

11542: 11284: 10449:

The memoirs of field-marshall the viscount Montgomery of Alamein, K.G

10421:. Wordsworth Military Library. Ware, Herts, UK: Wordsworth Editions. 4205: 3826: 3715: 3676: 3591: 3543:, East Sussex, and introduced Winston Churchill to the club in 1955. 2980: 2963: 2918: 2572: 2039: 2002: 1990: 1795: 1626: 1447: 972: 11655:

British military personnel of the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine

10121:

Generals of the Bulge: Leadership in the U.S. Army's Greatest Battle

8772: 4130: 1410:

Hobart. She was the sister of the future Second World War commander

3782: 3727: 3540: 3158: 3098: 3066:, holding the Ardennes and Patton's U.S. Third Army further south. 2775: 2432: 2415: 2120: 1595: 1426: 1015: 1011: 565:

Representative Colonel Commandant, Royal Armoured Corps (1947–1957)

10499:. Army Records Society series, 27. Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing. 9760:. Vol. XXXVIII. New York: MacMillan and Co. pp. 323–324. 2021:

Rommel attempted to turn the left flank of the Eighth Army at the

1841:

in May 1942, a combined forces exercise involving 100,000 troops.

10569:

contributions in Parliament by the Viscount Montgomery of Alamein

10563: 7800:"The U.S. Ninth Army's Breakout: Crossing the Roer and the Rhine" 4364:, 1958 film adapted from the autobiography of M. E. Clifton James 4120: 3735: 3249: 3245: 2828: 2505: 2334: 2330: 2294: 2278: 2193: 1944:, which contained all armoured divisions, to fight alongside his 1375: 1301: 1003: 885: 120: 9754:(1894). "Montgomery, Robert (1809–1887)". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). 9207:

The Panzers and the Battle of Normandy, June 5th–July 20th, 1944

3029:

under Field Marshal Walther Model in early October attempted to

2579:, GOC British Second Army, and General Montgomery, at his HQ in 2139:

by the United States government in the rank of Chief Commander.

10251:

The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany

8249:"Sir Winston Churchill Gets The Winkle In Ceremony at Hastings" 7685:

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/096834459800500304

7419: 7129: 5138:"The story behind Monty's Macroom Castle standoff with the IRA" 3869: 3081:. Behind are General Bradley and Field Marshal Sir Alan Brooke. 2767: 2625: 2338: 2298: 1877: 1830: 1826: 1799: 1770: 1750: 1681: 1575: 1537: 1496: 1034: 976: 944: 7978: 7269: 7267: 7216: 6467: 2435:, wheeling south and then east on the right forming a pincer. 2001:

distance, and was supported at the Chiefs of Staff meeting by

1296:) in November 1919. He had not at first been selected for the 701: 9464:

Cinderella Army: The Canadians in Northwest Europe, 1944-1945

7710: 3085: 2988: 2419: 2264:'s XIII Corps, the Eighth Army landed on the toe of Italy in 2030: 2029:

The conquest of Libya was essential for airfields to support

1909: 1746: 1244: 1057:

in 1897, and Bernard and his brother Harold were educated at

960: 777:, he was shot through the right lung by a sniper, during the 10241:

A framework for military decision making under risks. Thesis

8681:"Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein" 8495:

The Tangled Web: The Art of Tactical and Strategic Deception

7431: 7334: 7332: 7330: 7055: 7053: 5820: 5486: 2317:

Clark's Fifth Army then began to advance to the west of the

1676:

Montgomery's training paid off when the Germans began their

568:

Colonel Commandant, Army Physical Training Corps (1946–1960)

11660:

British military personnel of the Irish War of Independence

9692:

Surrender Invites Death: Fighting the Waffen SS in Normandy

8375: 7802:. Warfare History Network. 30 December 2018. Archived from 7317: 7315: 7302: 7300: 7298: 7296: 7294: 7264: 7085: 7083: 5113:

British Voices from the Irish War of Independence 1918–1921

3967:

Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath

3851: 3498: 3305: 2852:(White Brigade) of the Belgian resistance had captured the 2532:

operations written by Eisenhower's chief of staff, General

2509: 2423: 1822: 1782: 1227:

in late 1917 before finishing the war as GSO1 (effectively

904: 728: 722: 704: 680: 200:

Chairman of the Western Union Commanders-in-Chief Committee

10576:, Jewish Virtual Library website. Retrieved 10 April 2014. 10182: 10156: 9248:

Monty's Men: The British Army and the Liberation of Europe

8103:, p, 126, by Rick Atkinson, Henry Holt and Company, 2007, 7107:; by Mark Zuehlke; pp. 45–50; D & M Publishers, 2009; 6726: 6554: 6392: 6380: 5980: 5968: 5956: 5944: 5932: 5888: 5787: 5755: 3426:

to attend their meetings and he clashed particularly with

2442:

General Montgomery inspects men of the 5th/7th Battalion,

2362: 1953:

He asked Alexander to send him two new British divisions (

1912:, Churchill was persuaded by Brooke, who by this time was 1716: 1196:

in April–May 1917. He became a general staff officer with

1101:

Captain Bernard Montgomery (right) with Brigadier-General

1014:

vicar. Despite selling off all the farms that were in the

840:

and was in command of all Allied ground forces during the

636:

Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein

9732:

And We Shall Shock Them: The British Army in World War II

8097:

The Day of Battle: The War in Sicily and Italy, 1943–1944

7698: 7374: 7327: 7240: 7050: 4607: 4595: 1065:, and the family returned to London. Montgomery attended 860:, including the failed attempt to cross the Rhine during 716: 695: 692: 30:"General Montgomery" redirects here. For other uses, see 8654:. St George's Chapel, Windsor. June 2015. Archived from 7443: 7312: 7291: 7252: 7141: 7080: 6416: 6272: 6270: 6055:"Bernard Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein" 5520: 5518: 4883: 4881: 2410:

consisting of all Allied ground forces participating in

2252:

Montgomery's Eighth Army was then fully involved in the

11825:

Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)

7734: 7607: 7483:. U.S. Army Center for Military History. Archived from 6170: 6168: 6166: 6164: 6162: 6160: 4619: 3554:, Surrey, from 1951 to 1966, and a generous supporter. 3489:, which created splits through the Union headquarters. 2640:

On 7 July, Montgomery began Operation Charnwood with a

2313:

The time has come to deal the enemy a terrific blow ...

2151:

Montgomery visits Patton in Palermo, Sicily, July 1943.

11810:

Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari

9372:

After D-Day: Operation Cobra and the Normandy Breakout

7906: 7722: 6913: 6911: 6898: 6896: 6894: 6508: 6506: 6370: 6368: 6366: 6364: 6362: 6349: 6347: 6345: 6320: 6318: 6216: 6214: 6212: 5858: 4714: 3961:

Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter

3574:. In February 1957, views of Mount Toedi taken with a 3403: 2804: 2519:

General Montgomery in conversation with Major-General

2348:, describing the whole affair as a "dog's breakfast". 2269:

of these slowed the Army's advance north on the awful

1406:

In 1927, he met and married Elizabeth (Betty) Carver,

888:, after the surrender of Berlin to the USSR on 2 May. 11845:

Military personnel from the London Borough of Lambeth

11665:

British military personnel of the Palestine Emergency

9865:

The Full Monty: Montgomery of Alamein, 1887–1942 v. 1

7398: 7386: 7170: 7168: 7166: 7164: 7162: 7160: 7158: 7156: 7070: 7068: 6267: 5566: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5558: 5515: 5505: 5503: 5501: 4893: 4878: 4726: 4631: 3726:

Montgomery died in 1976 at his home Isington Mill in

3628:, and was challenged to a duel by an Italian lawyer. 3456: 2863:

On 5 September, SHAEF's naval commander, Admiral Sir

2795:

Montgomery, who was foolish enough to insist that it

1061:. In 1901, Bishop Montgomery became secretary of the 739:; 17 November 1887 – 24 March 1976), nicknamed " 731: 683: 11780:

Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)

10294:

Generals Ten British Commanders Who Shaped The World

10095:. London: Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. 8038:. London: Michael O'Mara Books Limited. p. 63. 7826:"Second World War Military Situation Maps 1944–1945" 7180: 6157: 4300: 4054:

Grand Cordon of the Seal of Solomon (Ethiopia, 1949)

3969:(UK, 1945) KCB – 11 November 1942, CB – 11 July 1940 3384:

on 12 July 1945 after being decorated by Montgomery.

2665:

at the cost of British losses with the diversionary

2285:, capturing the port unopposed. On the same day the 2078:

were taken, including the German second-in-command,

719: 686: 10495:Montgomery, Bernard (2008). Brooks, Stephen (ed.). 8599:"Bernard Law Montgomery: Unbeatable and unbearable" 8296:"Pompey mentioned in Monty's despatches – The News" 8061:, p. 168, by Marvin Perry, Cengage Learning, 2012, 7942: 7930: 7918: 7894: 7882: 7870: 7858: 7778:"HyperWar: The Last Offensive [Chapter 11]" 6992: 6908: 6891: 6503: 6479: 6404: 6359: 6342: 6315: 6209: 5810: 5808: 5135: 3855:Montgomery's Grant command tank, on display at the 3734:, his body was buried in Holy Cross churchyard, in 3388:After the war, Montgomery became the C-in-C of the 2557:were suffering considerable attrition. Air Marshal 725: 713: 698: 689: 677: 11755:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom 11715:Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst 10465: 10363: 10291: 9964: 9729: 9394: 9351:Snow & Steel: The Battle of the Bulge, 1944–45 9326: 9289:Masters of Battle: Monty, Patton and Rommel at War 7153: 7065: 6064:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. 6053: 5555: 5498: 3750:Montgomery's grave, Holy Cross churchyard, Binsted 2217:Wartime photograph of General Montgomery with his 1520:landing exercise that impressed the new C-in-C of 923:, Surrey, in 1887, the fourth child of nine, to a 891:After the war he became Commander-in-Chief of the 828:of the Second World War, Montgomery commanded the 10558:Montgomery and Anglo Polish relations during WWII 10243:. Air University, Maxwell Airforce Base, Alabama. 10211:The Battle of Normandy: The Lingering Controversy 9609:The Second World War, Volume 4: The Hinge of Fate 8078:A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II 7565:. The Royal Air Force. 7 May 1945. Archived from 6869: 6867: 6865: 6863: 6861: 6848: 6846: 6844: 6842: 6840: 6779: 6777: 6654: 6652: 6650: 6648: 6646: 6633: 6631: 6629: 6445: 6443: 4390:World Military Leaders: A Biographical Dictionary 3513:, until his retirement, aged nearly 71, in 1958. 3288:incurred in capturing Caen, he changed his mind. 1168:After recovering in early 1915, he was appointed 11770:People educated at The King's School, Canterbury 11606: 10213:. Vol. 56. The Journal of Military History. 9250:(pbk. ed.). London: Yale University Press. 8271:. St. John's School, Leatherhead. Archived from 5805: 5136:Bielenberg, Andy; Borgonovo, John (5 May 2022). 3631:Montgomery mentioned to the American journalist 1908:. However, after Gott was killed flying back to 1741:Montgomery inspecting men of the 7th Battalion, 1188:in early 1916 as a general staff officer in the 785:as a general staff officer, he took part in the 9789:The Full Monty: Montgomery of Alamein 1887–1942 9640:The Battle of the Bulge – Hitler's Final Gamble 9283: 4793: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4783: 3266: 2993:Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force 1892:. He had stabilised the Allied position at the 1033:, and Bernard spent his formative years there. 571:Colonel Royal Warwickshire Regiment (1947–1963) 562:Colonel Commandant, Parachute Regiment (?−1956) 11820:Western Union (alliance) military appointments 10343:(2001). Danchev, Alex; Todman, Daniel (eds.). 8462: 8215:(Supplement). 26 September 1958. p. 5954. 8138:"Notebook: Spot the Northern Town competition" 8001:(2007 ed.). London: Penguin. p. 84. 7366:Michael Lee Lanning, James F. (FRW) Dunnigan. 6858: 6837: 6774: 6643: 6626: 6440: 5783: 5781: 5662:The Memoirs of Field Marshal Montgomery, p. 65 5627:The Memoirs of Field Marshal Montgomery, p. 64 5007:(Supplement). 3 September 1918. p. 10505. 4463:(Supplement). 20 September 1957. p. 5545. 4085:Ribbons of the Viscount Montgomery of Alamein 3473:Montgomery was then appointed Chairman of the 3113:Montgomery subsequently wrote of his actions: 2945:Montgomery in conversation with Major General 2192:in the south-east of Sicily) rather than near 1833:. In December Montgomery was given command of 1552: 1322:in January 1921. The brigade was stationed in 1285:, before reverting to his substantive rank of 1018:of Ballynally, on the north-western shores of 987:. Bernard's mother, Maud, was the daughter of 11800:Recipients of the Order of Suvorov, 1st class 11690:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order 11018: 9926:Armageddon: The Battle for Germany, 1944–1945 9919: 9347: 9324: 8935:"The Military Medal | La grande chancellerie" 7716: 7481:"The German Counteroffensive in the Ardennes" 6017:(Supplement). 10 November 1942. p. 4917. 5826: 5736:(Supplement). 26 December 1941. p. 7369. 5068:(Supplement). 27 February 1920. p. 2406. 4543:(Supplement). 15 November 1963. p. 9424. 4523:(Supplement). 20 December 1946. p. 6236. 4340:(Montgomery's double during the World War II) 3675:In retirement, Montgomery publicly supported 3335:defeat, unbeatable; in victory, unbearable." 2758:, with Sir Richard O'Connor's VIII Corps and 2661:and the encirclement of German forces in the 2422:. The campaign would pivot on an Allied-held 1849: 1566:(GOC), was deployed to France as part of the 11745:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath 11735:Grand Crosses of the Order of the White Lion 10598:Newspaper clippings about Bernard Montgomery 9223: 9048:(Supplement). 27 October 1944. p. 4963. 8843:(Supplement). 3 December 1946. p. 5945. 8224: 8222: 7848: 7846: 7844: 7842: 7462: 7460: 7458: 6245: 6243: 6241: 6187: 6185: 6183: 6029:Chapter 11 – Tunisia. The Battle of Medenine 5910:(Supplement). 13 October 1942. p. 4481. 5658: 5656: 5623: 5621: 5619: 5048:(Supplement). 3 October 1919. p. 12398. 4981: 4979: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4797: 4780: 4643: 3973:Companion of the Distinguished Service Order 3380:(medal with red and white ribbon) leave the 3213:. It crossed the Rhine on 24 March 1945, in 2729:General Montgomery with Lieutenant Generals 2008: 1308:(C-in-C) of the British Army of Occupation, 1243:) at the parade following the liberation of 789:in April–May 1917. He also took part in the 11785:Recipients of the Croix de guerre (Belgium) 11765:People educated at St Paul's School, London 10361: 9708: 9625: 9131:(Supplement). 14 January 1947. p. 327. 9111:(Supplement). 14 January 1947. p. 324. 9097: 9095: 9068:(Supplement). 14 January 1947. p. 327. 8968:(Supplement). 14 January 1947. p. 323. 8903:(Supplement). 11 January 1944. p. 258. 8814: 8195:(Supplement). 9 October 1951. p. 5221. 8120: 8118: 8116: 7361: 7359: 7046:(Supplement). 29 August 1944. p. 4055. 6988: 6986: 5778: 5767:Churchill, p. 420. According to J. Toland, 5606: 5604: 5100:(Supplement). 26 January 1921. p. 760. 4969: 4967: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4820: 4818: 4503:(Supplement). 30 December 1960. p. 24. 3350: 2737:(centre) at 21st Army Group HQ, 7 July 1944 2082:, as well as eight other general officers. 1708:The 3rd Division, temporarily commanded by 805:he commanded the 17th (Service) Battalion, 507:Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath 502:Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter 11790:Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Greece) 11025: 11011: 10985:Colonel of the Royal Warwickshire Regiment 10513: 10494: 10463: 10446: 10442:. Cleveland: The World Publishing Company. 10435: 10416: 10384: 10339: 10088: 9673:Ireland's Generals in the Second World War 9650:On the Psychology of Military Incompetence 9581: 9169:Normandy 1944 Allied Landings and Breakout 9088:(Supplement). 25 March 1949. p. 1529. 8923:(Supplement). 3 January 1919. p. 314. 8703:"Field Marshal Montgomery and Oscar Nemon" 8381: 8356: 8021: 7984: 7960: 7681:http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/30779/ 7425: 6732: 6560: 6473: 6398: 6386: 6110:(Supplement). 6 August 1943. p. 3579. 6003: 6001: 5864: 5690: 5688: 5492: 5078: 4704: 3221:had crossed the Rhine after capturing the 2974: 2647:French Resistance had launched Plan Violet 2321:while Montgomery, with Lieutenant General 1382:In May 1923, Montgomery was posted to the 1053:The family returned to England once for a 574:Deputy Lieutenant of Southampton (1958–76) 49: 11855:Pakistan Command and Staff College alumni 11850:Academics of the Staff College, Camberley 11740:Grand Officers of the Order of Leopold II 11725:Grand Commanders of the Order of George I 11720:Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley 11705:English people of Ulster-Scottish descent 11695:Cultural depictions of Bernard Montgomery 10582:, desertwar.net. Retrieved 10 April 2014. 10317:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10137: 10099: 9943: 9713:. Paris: éditions Economica (in French). 9637: 9603: 9519: 9500: 9481: 9454:Fields of Fire: The Canadians in Normandy 9028:(Supplement). 16 June 1944. p. 2913. 9008:(Supplement). 31 July 1945. p. 3962. 8988:(Supplement). 19 June 1945. p. 3244. 8883:(Supplement). 22 June 1943. p. 2853. 8624:"Bernard, Viscount Montgomery of Alamein" 8426: 8395:"Moshe Dayan Sounds the Alarm in Vietnam" 8219: 8059:World War II in Europe: A Concise History 7852: 7839: 7704: 7508:"Chapter V: The Sixth Panzer Army Attack" 7455: 7449: 7437: 7338: 7321: 7306: 7273: 7258: 7246: 7222: 7147: 7135: 7089: 7059: 6706: 6422: 6238: 6191: 6180: 5992: 5920: 5876: 5814: 5716:(Supplement). 22 July 1941. p. 4202. 5681:(Supplement). 26 July 1940. p. 4660. 5653: 5616: 5610: 5480: 4985: 4832: 4653:inflation figures are based on data from 4443:(Supplement). 10 June 1947. p. 2663. 4423:(Supplement). 9 March 1956. p. 1504. 3730:, Hampshire, aged 88. After a funeral at 3546:He was chairman of the governing body of 3535:Montgomery was an Honorary Member of the 3503:Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe 3042:On 16 December 1944, at the start of the 2527:, pictured here in Normandy, 20 June 1944 1844: 1753:, 22 March 1941. To his right, wearing a 1267: 1063:Society for the Propagation of the Gospel 793:in late 1917 before finishing the war as 11795:Recipients of the Czechoslovak War Cross 10312: 10118: 10004: 9881: 9862: 9843: 9824: 9805: 9783: 9750: 9542:The Second World War: A Military History 9538: 9389: 9368: 9264: 9141: 9121: 9101: 9092: 9078: 9058: 9038: 9018: 8998: 8978: 8958: 8913: 8893: 8873: 8863:(Supplement). 8 June 1945. p. 2935. 8853: 8833: 8450: 8228: 8205: 8185: 8174: 8113: 7972: 7740: 7613: 7478: 7356: 7100: 7098: 7036: 6983: 6831: 6524: 6297: 6100: 6007: 5900: 5726: 5706: 5671: 5649:(Supplement). 9 July 1940. p. 4244. 5639: 5601: 5435: 5415: 5395: 5375: 5355: 5335: 5315: 5295: 5283: 5271: 5259: 5238: 5226: 5214: 5202: 5190: 5170: 5150: 5090: 5058: 5038: 4997: 4948: 4934: 4914: 4864: 4844: 4815: 4809: 4770: 4732: 4720: 4637: 4625: 4613: 4601: 4567: 4553: 4533: 4513: 4493: 4483:(Supplement). 31 May 1946. p. 2665. 4473: 4453: 4433: 4413: 4386: 3935: 3850: 3709: 3590: 3460: 3354: 3180: 3157: 3068: 2940: 2912: 2778:, and Patton's Third Army to advance to 2724: 2671: 2657:An American break-out was achieved with 2631: 2567: 2514: 2494: 2437: 2399:, Major-General Spry, and Major-General 2361: 2308: 2224: 2212: 2146: 2089: 2049: 2012: 1967: 1871: 1808: 1736: 1720: 1600: 1536:which had broken out over opposition to 1213: 1096: 11680:Chief Commanders of the Legion of Merit 10922:Deputy Supreme Allied Commander, Europe 10439:The Memoirs of Field Marshal Montgomery 10238: 9764: 9689: 9667: 9559: 9242: 9204: 8033: 7963:, pp. 418–419, 516, 531, 550, 638. 7626:The Memoirs of Field Marshal Montgomery 7591:. US Army. 20 June 1999. Archived from 7516:Office of the Chief of Military History 6807: 6261: 6132: 6061:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 6048: 6046: 6044: 6042: 6040: 6038: 6036: 5998: 5799: 5685: 5539:Britain, France, and Belgium, 1939–1940 5110: 5104: 5027:The Memoirs of Field Marshal Montgomery 4899: 4887: 3840:Montgomery gave his name to the French 2953:Headquarters in Breda, 25 November 1944 2821: 1904:as commander of the Eighth Army in the 1717:Service in the United Kingdom 1940−1942 1133:that month and during the retreat from 975:in County Donegal in the north-west of 559:Colonel Commandant, Royal Tank Regiment 545: 1927; died 1937) 14: 11835:Academics of the Staff College, Quetta 11650:British field marshals of World War II 11607: 10247: 10208: 10066:. Barnsley, Yorkshire: Pen and Sword. 9985: 9962: 9727: 9709:Feldmann, Daniel; Mas, Cédric (2014). 9305: 9185: 9166: 8438: 8344: 7996: 7728: 7543:"Chapter XX. Winter Counteroffensives" 6977: 6953: 6941: 6929: 6917: 6902: 6885: 6819: 6795: 6756: 6744: 6694: 6682: 6670: 6548: 6536: 6512: 6497: 6485: 6461: 6434: 6374: 6353: 6336: 6324: 6309: 6276: 6249: 6232: 6220: 4910: 4908: 3037: 2414:, codename for the Allied invasion of 1817:In April 1941, he became commander of 1613:, pictured here in either 1939 or 1940 1397: 1006:. There was still £13,000 to pay on a 979:, the noted colonial administrator in 194:Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe 11815:Royal Warwickshire Fusiliers officers 11645:British Army personnel of World War I 11457: 11006: 10289: 10268: 10023: 9646: 8749:. Imperial War Museum. Archived from 8541:"Field Marshal Montgomery Dead at 88" 8515:"How a Man of Prayer was used by God" 8469:. Columbia University Press. p. 8466:The Columbia dictionary of quotations 8415: 8293: 7540: 7466: 7404: 7392: 7380: 7350: 7095: 7024: 6965: 6873: 6852: 6783: 6658: 6637: 6620: 6608: 6596: 6584: 6572: 6449: 6096: 6094: 5635: 5633: 5460:. Simon & Schuster. p. 194. 5017:Horne, Photo Plate No. 1 after p. 100 4654: 3931: 3644:Montgomery twice met Israeli general 3252:and sealed off the Danish peninsula. 3153: 2525:50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division 2460:50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division 2155:The next major Allied attack was the 1765:, the 7th Suffolks' parent formation. 11685:Chiefs of the Imperial General Staff 11265:Sir Archibald Montgomery-Massingberd 11212:Chiefs of the Imperial General Staff 10217: 10061: 10042: 9946:The British Field Marshals 1736–1997 9900: 9460: 9451: 9422: 9224:Bierman, John; Smith, Colin (2002). 8725:"In pictures: Tribute to Montgomery" 8258:Pathe News. Retrieved 10 April 2014. 8162: 8124: 7948: 7936: 7924: 7912: 7900: 7888: 7876: 7864: 7505: 7285: 7234: 7210: 7198: 7186: 7174: 7123: 7074: 6410: 6203: 6174: 6120: 6033: 5694: 5582: 5570: 5536: 5524: 5509: 5455: 4393:. Infobase Publishing. p. 231. 3639: 3396:, and was the British member of the 2221:aircraft (location and date unknown) 2205:their superiors" and "showing off". 1384:49th (West Riding) Infantry Division 1272: 967:, Kennington, was the second son of 11730:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour 10898:Chief of the Imperial General Staff 9520:Copp, Terry; Vogel, Robert (1985). 9501:Copp, Terry; Vogel, Robert (1984). 9482:Copp, Terry; Vogel, Robert (1983). 8783:from the original on 11 April 2023. 8325:. 23 February 1957. pp. 298–9. 8036:The Wicked Wit of Winston Churchill 6707:Middleton, Drew (22 January 1984). 4905: 3991:Grand Cross of the Légion d'honneur 3924:Across the River and into the Trees 3404:Chief of the Imperial General Staff 3373:(medal with solid red ribbon) with 3217:, which took place two weeks after 2805:Replaced as Ground Forces Commander 2624:Hampered by stormy weather and the 2110:and General Sir Bernard Montgomery. 1914:Chief of the Imperial General Staff 1880:tank in North Africa, November 1942 1657: 1547: 897:Chief of the Imperial General Staff 206:Chief of the Imperial General Staff 32:General Montgomery (disambiguation) 24: 11805:Recipients of the Order of Victory 11295:The Viscount Montgomery of Alamein 11181: 10333: 9846:Monty: The Field-Marshal 1944–1976 8777:Field Marshal Montgomery Pipe Band 8747:"Monty: Master of the Battlefield" 8521:from the original on 21 March 2023 8298:. Portsmouth.co.uk. Archived from 7765:United States Army in World War II 6091: 5630: 5160:. 11 September 1925. p. 5972. 4854:. 18 September 1908. p. 6762. 4684:"Ballynally Townland, Co. Donegal" 3885:Field Marshal Montgomery Pipe Band 3670: 3499:North Atlantic Treaty Organisation 3475:Western Union Defence Organization 3457:Western Union Defence Organization 3166:(centre) and the Commander of the 1989:and the British General Officer's 1732:Companion of the Order of the Bath 1493:Pakistan Command and Staff College 1092: 452:Western Allied invasion of Germany 43:The Viscount Montgomery of Alamein 25: 11866: 11050:Commanders-in-Chief of the Forces 11034:Commanders-in-Chief of the Forces 10533: 10417:Montgomery, Bernard Law (2000) . 10104:. London: White Lion Publishers. 9948:. Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword. 7416:A Bridge Too Far, Cornelius Ryan. 4944:. 23 February 1915. p. 1833. 4924:. 1 December 1914. p. 10188. 4079:Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav 3477:'s C-in-C committee. Volume 3 of 3441:from retirement with the rank of 2930:, and towards the end of October 2450:, at Beaconsfield, February 1944. 2058:in a posed photograph during the 1794:, responsible for the defence of 1071:Royal Military College, Sandhurst 10871:C-in-C British Army of the Rhine 10657:Commander, 8th Infantry Division 10551:"NATO Declassified – Montgomery" 10464:Montgomery, Bernard Law (1961). 10447:Montgomery, Bernard Law (1960). 10436:Montgomery, Bernard Law (1958). 9827:Monty: Master of the Battlefield 9757:Dictionary of National Biography 9589:. London: William Collins Sons. 9329:Monty and Rommel: Parallel Lives 9135: 9115: 9072: 9052: 9032: 9012: 8992: 8972: 8952: 8927: 8907: 8887: 8867: 8847: 8827: 8808: 8787: 8765: 8739: 8717: 8705:. Getty Images. 10 February 2015 8695: 8673: 8641: 8616: 8591: 8566: 8533: 8507: 8487: 8456: 8444: 8432: 8420: 8409: 8387: 8362: 8350: 8338: 8329: 8314: 8287: 8261: 8242: 8199: 8179: 8168: 8156: 8130: 8090: 8071: 8052: 8027: 8015: 7990: 7966: 7818: 7792: 7770: 7758: 7746: 7689: 7664: 7648: 7631: 7619: 7581: 7555: 7534: 7499: 7472: 7410: 7344: 7279: 7228: 7204: 7192: 7117: 7030: 7018: 6971: 6959: 6947: 6935: 6923: 6879: 6825: 6813: 6801: 6789: 6762: 6750: 6738: 6700: 6688: 6676: 6664: 6614: 6602: 6590: 6578: 6566: 6542: 6530: 6518: 6491: 6455: 6428: 6330: 6303: 6291: 6282: 6255: 6226: 6197: 6126: 5445:. 1 November 1938. p. 6815. 5425:. 1 November 1938. p. 6814. 4575:"Viscount Montgomery of Alamein" 4317: 4303: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4209: 4204: 4199: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4049:Military Order of the White Lion 3875:Monty: Master of the Battlefield 3774: 3755: 3743: 3050:was to Montgomery's south, with 2366:Montgomery with officers of the 2281:in the heel of Italy as part of 2260:. Led by Lieutenant General Sir 673: 604: 585: 27:British Army officer (1887–1976) 11700:Deputy lieutenants of Hampshire 11577:Marshals of the Royal Air Force 11469:Marshals of the Royal Air Force 10796:GOC-in-C, South-Eastern Command 10629:Commander, 9th Infantry Brigade 10540:British Army Officers 1939–1945 9848:. London: Hamish Hamilton Ltd. 9829:. London: Hamish Hamilton Ltd. 9810:. London: Hamish Hamilton Ltd. 9633:. London: Hodder and Stoughton. 9467:. University of Toronto Press. 9159: 8815:John Taylor (19 October 1987). 8463:Robert Andrews (October 1990). 6771:magazine, 16 April 1951, p. 99. 6133:Roberts, Andrew (30 May 2005). 6114: 6021: 5986: 5974: 5962: 5950: 5938: 5926: 5914: 5894: 5882: 5870: 5832: 5793: 5761: 5749: 5740: 5720: 5700: 5665: 5576: 5530: 5474: 5449: 5429: 5409: 5405:. 13 August 1937. p. 5178. 5389: 5385:. 13 August 1937. p. 5181. 5369: 5349: 5329: 5325:. 16 January 1931. p. 378. 5309: 5305:. 25 January 1929. p. 617. 5289: 5277: 5265: 5253: 5244: 5232: 5220: 5208: 5196: 5184: 5180:. 29 January 1926. p. 691. 5164: 5144: 5129: 5084: 5072: 5052: 5032: 5020: 5011: 4991: 4928: 4858: 4838: 4803: 4738: 4676: 4583:. 20 December 1969. BBC Radio 4 4057:Grand Officer with Palm of the 3898:staff car is on display at the 3162:Montgomery (left), Air Marshal 1868:Italian campaign (World War II) 1821:responsible for the defence of 1315:, to add his name to the list. 959:Henry Montgomery, at that time 909:Supreme Allied Commander Europe 542: 224:Allied Ground Forces (Normandy) 11840:Viscounts created by George VI 10953:Viscount Montgomery of Alamein 10586:Viscount Montgomery of Alamein 10341:Alanbrooke, Field Marshal Lord 10184:Playfair, Major-General I.S.O. 10158:Playfair, Major-General I.S.O. 9808:Monty: The Making of a General 9456:. University of Toronto Press. 8238:. 28 December 1945. p. 1. 5769:Battle: The Story of the Bulge 5541:. Brassey's (UK). p. 44. 5365:. 3 August 1934. p. 4975. 4563:. 6 January 1959. p. 166. 4547: 4527: 4507: 4487: 4467: 4447: 4427: 4407: 4380: 4074:(Netherlands, 16 January 1947) 4065:Croix de Guerre 1940 with Palm 4040:Silver Cross (V Class) of the 3613:Commander in Chief Indian Army 3523:Viscount Montgomery of Alamein 3392:(BAOR), the name given to the 3322:In August 1945, while Brooke, 3291: 1790:, he was placed in command of 1456:Italy's departure from the war 1304:, he was able to persuade the 1044:St Michael's Collegiate School 911:until his retirement in 1958. 13: 1: 11640:British expatriates in France 11625:People of Anglo-Irish descent 10940:Peerage of the United Kingdom 10518:. Fedorowicz (J.J.), Canada. 10394:. London: William Heinemann. 10366:Conversations with Montgomery 10362:Brett-James, Anthony (1984). 10298:. London: Faber & Faber. 10209:Powers, Stephen (July 1992). 10140:The Battle for the Rhine 1944 9325:Caddick-Adams, Peter (2012). 9151:. 10 July 1951. p. 3753. 7370:. Citadel Press. p. 235. 5115:. Collins. pp. 151–152. 4368: 4072:Order of the Netherlands Lion 3909:The Montgomery cocktail is a 3835:Field Marshal Lord Alanbrooke 3690:Montgomery was a non-smoking 3483:Life of Montgomery of Alamein 3345: 3058:adjacent to 21st Army Group, 2275:British 1st Airborne Division 2173:, and General Alexander, the 2045: 1678:invasion of the Low Countries 1557: 1526:Sir Archibald Percival Wavell 1141:, near the Belgian border at 1059:The King's School, Canterbury 989:Frederic William Canon Farrar 935:Farrar). The Montgomerys, an 914: 773:, near the Belgian border at 11635:British expatriates in India 10419:A Concise History of Warfare 9963:Jordan, Jonathan W. (2011). 9369:Carafano, James Joy (2008). 7479:von Luttchau, Charles V. P. 6709:"Mistake in the Master Plan" 6085:UK public library membership 5587:. London: The Viking Press. 5345:. 6 July 1934. p. 4340. 4874:. 7 June 1910. p. 3996. 4373: 3267:Casualty conservation policy 3143:However, American historian 2951:1st Polish Armoured Division 2454:During the ten weeks of the 1633:tactics, organising several 1570:(BEF), commanded by General 985:Colonel Alexander Montgomery 418:Battle of the Falaise Pocket 7: 11330:Chiefs of the General Staff 11038:Chiefs of the General Staff 10715:British Expeditionary Force 10602:20th Century Press Archives 10514:Zetterling, Niklas (2000). 10248:Shirer, William L. (2003). 10092:Bishop Montgomery: A Memoir 9886:. Oxford University Press. 9638:Delaforce, Patrick (2004). 9425:Journal of Canadian Studies 9354:. Oxford University Press. 8683:. National Portrait Gallery 8034:Enright, Dominique (2001). 4296: 4003:Distinguished Service Medal 3900:Royal Logistic Corps Museum 3732:St George's Chapel, Windsor 3581: 3521:Montgomery was created 1st 3516: 3185:Montgomery was awarded the 3031:retake the Nijmegen salient 2921:in his mobile headquarters. 2477:and 2nd Waffen SS Division 2351: 2114:Montgomery was advanced to 2094:The British Prime Minister 2067:Second Battle of El Alamein 2060:Second Battle of El Alamein 1980:is on the right (in beret). 1568:British Expeditionary Force 1553:British Expeditionary Force 1510:. His wife died that year. 1506:with the temporary rank of 1152:Distinguished Service Order 1075:Royal Warwickshire Regiment 895:(BAOR) in Germany and then 767:Royal Warwickshire Regiment 512:Distinguished Service Order 350:Second Battle of El Alamein 279:Royal Warwickshire Regiment 181:Royal Warwickshire Regiment 10: 11871: 11670:British white supremacists 11194:Chief of the General Staff 10684:GOC, 3rd Infantry Division 10313:Weinberg, Gerhard (2004). 10119:Morelock, Jerry D (2015). 10047:. Stroud, UK: Spellmount. 9348:Caddick-Adams, P. (2015). 8817:"The Trouble With Harry's" 8335:Montgomery memoirs, p. 317 7677:10.1177/096834459800500304 7541:Pogue, Forrest C. (1954). 3999:(France, 9 September 1958) 3817:A statue of Montgomery by 3586: 3487:Jean de Lattre de Tassigny 3451:North-West Europe Campaign 3259:, Montgomery accepted the 3005:First Allied Airborne Army 2475:Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler 2355: 2277:landed at the key port of 2171:Allied Forces Headquarters 2085: 1894:First Battle of El Alamein 1853: 1850:Montgomery's early command 1661: 1564:General Officer Commanding 1298:Staff College in Camberley 1233:47th (2nd London) Division 870:First Allied Airborne Army 858:North West Europe campaign 815:general officer commanding 799:47th (2nd London) Division 440:Clearing the Channel Coast 284:17th (Service) Battalion, 29: 11576: 11568:Sir Henry Maitland Wilson 11525: 11479: 11328: 11210: 11192: 11179: 11048: 10991: 10982: 10974: 10969: 10959: 10950: 10945: 10938: 10928: 10919: 10914: 10904: 10895: 10887: 10877: 10868: 10859: 10846:GOC-in-C, 21st Army Group 10843: 10837: 10827: 10818: 10812: 10802: 10793: 10785: 10775: 10766: 10758: 10748: 10739: 10731: 10721: 10708: 10700: 10690: 10681: 10673: 10663: 10654: 10645: 10635: 10626: 10618: 10613: 10588:interview on BBC Radio 4 10347:. London: Phoenix Press. 10138:Neillands, Robin (2005). 10089:Montgomery, Maud (1933). 10024:McKee, Alexander (1984). 9867:. London: Penguin Books. 9539:Corrigan, Gordon (2010). 9522:Maple Leaf Route: Scheldt 9503:Maple Leaf Route: Antwerp 9226:Alamein: War Without Hate 9205:Bernage, Georges (2000). 7589:"The Battle of the Bulge" 5111:Sheehan, William (2005). 4044:(Poland, 31 October 1944) 3985:Croix de Guerre 1914-1918 3812:National Portrait Gallery 3806:Montgomery's portrait by 3789: 3557:He was also President of 3394:British Occupation Forces 3390:British Army of the Rhine 2289:under Lieutenant General 2157:Allied invasion of Sicily 2142: 2009:First battles with Rommel 1513:In 1938, he organised an 1328:Irish War of Independence 1283:British Army of the Rhine 1223:Montgomery served at the 893:British Army of the Rhine 834:Allied invasion of Sicily 756:Irish War of Independence 593: 581: 552: 526: 494: 472:Battle of the Ruhr Pocket 370:Battle of the Mareth Line 295: 212:British Army of the Rhine 186: 176: 166: 156: 148: 136: 128: 114: 97: 77: 60: 48: 41: 10545:Generals of World War II 10218:Ryan, Cornelius (1974). 10100:Moorehead, Alan (1973). 9944:Heathcote, Tony (1999). 9863:Hamilton, Nigel (2002). 9844:Hamilton, Nigel (1986). 9825:Hamilton, Nigel (1984). 9806:Hamilton, Nigel (1981). 9306:Bungay, Stephen (2002). 9265:Brereton, Lewis (2011). 9167:Badsey, Stephen (1990). 8649:"Garter Banner Location" 8497:. J. Goodchild. p. 106. 7002:Indiana University Press 6998:Eisenhower's Lieutenants 4798:Bierman & Smith 2002 4030:(Denmark, 2 August 1945) 3714:Statue of Montgomery in 3705: 3685:Sexual Offences Act 1967 3578:camera were reproduced. 3559:Portsmouth Football Club 3351:Post-war military career 2949:during his visit to the 2770:, which was soon taken. 2708:quoted Bradley in 1951: 2575:with Lieutenant-General 2464:12th SS Panzer Division 2448:51st (Highland) Division 2346:Allied campaign in Italy 2254:Allied invasion of Italy 2208: 2168:Supreme Allied Commander 1461: 1160:in December 1914 reads: 838:Allied invasion of Italy 389:Allied invasion of Italy 313:Arab revolt in Palestine 18:Field Marshal Montgomery 11760:NATO military personnel 11630:British anti-communists 11433:Sir Mark Carleton-Smith 10574:Biography of Montgomery 10451:. Companion Book Club. 10239:Schultz, James (1998). 9882:Harrison, Mark (2004). 9765:Lehrman, Lewis (2016). 9333:. London: Arrow Books. 8493:Haswell, Jock. (1985). 8323:Illustrated London News 7999:The Fall of Berlin 1945 7997:Beevor, Antony (2002). 5140:– via www.rte.ie. 4655:Clark, Gregory (2017). 4387:Grossman, Mark (2007). 4350:Irish military diaspora 4033:Grand Commander of the 4008:Chief Commander of the 3979:Mentioned in Despatches 3831:Field Marshal Lord Slim 3567:Illustrated London News 3561:between 1944 and 1961. 3497:On the creation of the 3492: 3015:Montgomery later said: 2985:Operation Market Garden 2975:Operation Market Garden 2837:Gustav-Adolf von Zangen 2056:9th Australian Division 2023:Battle of Alam el Halfa 1860:Western Desert campaign 1491:Staff College (now the 1225:Battle of Passchendaele 1129:. He saw action at the 919:Montgomery was born in 872:, crossed the Rhine in 862:Operation Market Garden 826:Western Desert campaign 791:Battle of Passchendaele 615:from the BBC programme 517:Mentioned in Despatches 435:Operation Market Garden 430:Siegfried Line Campaign 345:Battle of Alam el Halfa 119:Holy Cross Churchyard, 11775:People from Kennington 11558:Sir Bernard Montgomery 11186: 10468:The Path to Leadership 10272:Inside the Third Reich 10269:Speer, Albert (1970). 10062:Mead, Richard (2015). 10043:Mead, Richard (2007). 10026:Caen: Anvil of Victory 10005:Lattimer, Jon (2002). 9988:Six Armies in Normandy 9901:Hart, Stephen (2007). 9791:. London: Allen Lane. 9728:Fraser, David (1988). 9690:English, John (2014). 9647:Dixon, Norman (1976). 9484:Maple Leaf Route: Caen 9437:10.3138/jcs.16.3-4.145 9186:Baxter, Colin (1999). 8294:Hello (15 June 2004). 7506:Cole, Hugh M. (1965). 6070:10.1093/ref:odnb/31460 5585:The Miracle of Dunkirk 4750:The Great British Life 4051:(Czechoslovakia, 1947) 4037:(Greece, 20 June 1944) 3944: 3860: 3723: 3616: 3564:In the mid-1950s, the 3470: 3432:Chief of the Air Staff 3398:Allied Control Council 3385: 3340:General Hastings Ismay 3304:that he could capture 3202: 3178: 3141: 3120: 3082: 3026: 2954: 2922: 2841:resisted to the utmost 2802: 2738: 2715: 2692: 2677: 2637: 2622: 2584: 2528: 2500: 2492:, aka "Panzer Meyer". 2451: 2403: 2314: 2249: 2222: 2152: 2111: 2062: 2018: 1981: 1881: 1856:North African campaign 1845:North Africa and Italy 1814: 1766: 1726: 1696:. By 27 May, when the 1614: 1372: 1347:Arthur Ernest Percival 1342:, Montgomery wrote to 1268:Between the world wars 1265: 1220: 1166: 1114: 781:. On returning to the 340:North African Campaign 11750:Knights of the Garter 11497:Sir Andrew Cunningham 11480:Admirals of the Fleet 11461:Admirals of the Fleet 11245:Sir William Robertson 11220:Sir William Nicholson 11202:Sir Neville Lyttelton 11185: 10821:GOC-in-C, Eighth Army 10815:Sir Claude Auchinleck 10735:Sir Claude Auchinleck 10386:Eisenhower, Dwight D. 10345:War Diaries 1939–1945 9986:Keegan, John (1994). 9675:. Four Courts Press. 9397:Montgomery of Alamein 8939:www.legiondhonneur.fr 7450:Copp & Vogel 1985 7438:Copp & Vogel 1985 7339:Copp & Vogel 1985 7322:Copp & Vogel 1985 7307:Copp & Vogel 1985 7274:Copp & Vogel 1985 7259:Copp & Vogel 1985 7247:Copp & Vogel 1984 7223:Copp & Vogel 1984 7148:Copp & Vogel 1985 7138:, pp. 16, 42–43. 7136:Copp & Vogel 1985 7090:Copp & Vogel 1985 7060:Copp & Vogel 1984 6423:Copp & Vogel 1983 6288:Powers, pp. 458, 471. 5981:Playfair et al. 2004d 5969:Playfair et al. 2004d 5957:Playfair et al. 2004d 5945:Playfair et al. 2004d 5933:Playfair et al. 2004d 5889:Playfair et al. 2004c 5840:"Jim Fraser obituary" 5788:Playfair et al. 2004c 5756:Playfair et al. 2004c 5583:Lord, Walter (1999). 4325:United Kingdom portal 4028:Order of the Elephant 3954:Montgomery of Alamein 3939: 3854: 3845:Colleville-Montgomery 3829:, alongside those of 3713: 3594: 3464: 3358: 3324:Sir Andrew Cunningham 3184: 3170:, Lieutenant-General 3161: 3136: 3115: 3072: 3017: 3007:as soon as possible. 2944: 2936:Battle of the Scheldt 2916: 2792: 2728: 2710: 2687: 2675: 2635: 2617: 2571: 2518: 2498: 2441: 2365: 2312: 2228: 2216: 2150: 2093: 2053: 2016: 1971: 1875: 1835:South-Eastern Command 1812: 1740: 1724: 1611:4th Infantry Division 1604: 1542:3rd Infantry Division 1530:8th Infantry Division 1483:. He was promoted to 1355: 1320:17th Infantry Brigade 1313:Sir William Robertson 1281:, a battalion in the 1252: 1241:Minister of Munitions 1217: 1192:and took part in the 1184:. He returned to the 1162: 1100: 1087:Shorncliffe Army Camp 969:Sir Robert Montgomery 931:, and his wife Maud ( 819:8th Infantry Division 779:First Battle of Ypres 266:8th Infantry Division 260:3rd Infantry Division 236:South-Eastern Command 149:Years of service 70:"The Spartan General" 11675:Burials in Hampshire 11584:Sir Edward Ellington 11563:Sir Archibald Wavell 11533:Sir Harold Alexander 11512:Sir James Somerville 11240:Sir Archibald Murray 10881:Sir Richard McCreery 10773:April–November 1941 10290:Urban, Mark (2005). 10064:The Men Behind Monty 9627:de Guingand, Francis 9452:Copp, Terry (2004). 9209:. Editions Heimdal. 8603:National Army Museum 7428:, pp. 243, 298. 7225:, pp. 100, 112. 5537:Bond, Brian (1990). 5456:Barr, James (2011). 4361:I Was Monty's Double 4012:(US, 10 August 1943) 3940:Arms of Montgomery: 3810:(1945) hangs in the 3164:Sir Arthur Coningham 3126:, who commanded the 3124:Hasso von Manteuffel 2822:Advance to the Rhine 2594:Oberstegruppenführer 2539:Panzer Lehr Division 2239:Sir Bernard Freyberg 2229:From left to right: 2164:Dwight D. Eisenhower 2104:Sir Harold Alexander 1898:Sir Harold Alexander 1745:, at Sandbanks near 1504:9th Infantry Brigade 1421:While on holiday in 903:. He then served as 856:for the rest of the 811:9th Infantry Brigade 355:Battle of El Agheila 272:9th Infantry Brigade 11553:Sir Edmund Ironside 11438:Sir Patrick Sanders 11413:Sir Richard Dannatt 11393:Sir Charles Guthrie 11315:Sir Francis Festing 11280:Sir Edmund Ironside 11230:Sir Charles Douglas 11078:Duke of Marlborough 11068:Earl of Marlborough 10891:The Lord Alanbrooke 10667:Reade Godwin-Austen 10591:Desert Island Discs 10472:. London: Collins. 10123:. Stackpole Books. 9905:. Stackpole Books. 9769:. Stackpole Books. 9694:. Stackpole Books. 9567:. London: Cassell. 9565:The Desert Generals 9461:Copp, J.T. (2006). 9190:. Greenwood Press. 8661:on 18 November 2015 8517:. 8 December 2012. 8397:. 15 September 2011 8275:on 28 November 2020 8254:9 February 2013 at 7987:, pp. 417–418. 7753:The Supreme Command 7548:The Supreme Command 7383:, pp. 254–255. 7000:. Bloomington, IN: 6994:Weigley, Russell F. 6476:, pp. 322–323. 4580:Desert Island Discs 4338:M. E. Clifton James 4077:Grand Cross of the 4070:Grand Cross of the 4059:Order of Leopold II 4047:Grand Cross of the 3891:is named after him. 3866:Imperial War Museum 3857:Imperial War Museum 3823:Ministry of Defence 3821:stands outside the 3626:Montgomery, Alabama 3595:Lord Montgomery as 3302:Walter Bedell Smith 3207:Operation Veritable 3168:British Second Army 3097:American forces in 3044:Battle of the Bulge 3038:Battle of the Bulge 2534:Walter Bedell Smith 2368:First Canadian Army 2303:Operation Avalanche 2283:Operation Slapstick 2231:Freddie de Guingand 1987:Royal Tank Regiment 1926:French North Africa 1886:Middle East Command 1694:retreat into France 1686:German paratroopers 1518:combined operations 1398:Marriage and family 1131:Battle of Le Cateau 1105:, commander of the 866:Battle of the Bulge 830:British Eighth Army 618:Desert Island Discs 484:Palestine Emergency 457:Operation Veritable 447:Battle of the Bulge 423:Liberation of Paris 11594:Sir Charles Portal 11502:Sir Charles Forbes 11418:Sir David Richards 11403:Sir Michael Walker 11353:Sir Michael Carver 11348:Sir Geoffrey Baker 11310:Sir Gerald Templer 11270:Sir Cyril Deverell 11187: 11153:Duke of Wellington 11143:Duke of Wellington 11108:Marquess of Granby 11103:Viscount Ligionier 11098:Duke of Cumberland 10594:, 20 December 1969 10142:. Overlook Press. 9605:Churchill, Winston 9545:. Atlantic Books. 9148:The London Gazette 9128:The London Gazette 9108:The London Gazette 9085:The London Gazette 9065:The London Gazette 9045:The London Gazette 9025:The London Gazette 9005:The London Gazette 8985:The London Gazette 8965:The London Gazette 8920:The London Gazette 8900:The London Gazette 8880:The London Gazette 8860:The London Gazette 8840:The London Gazette 8545:The New York Times 8235:The London Gazette 8212:The London Gazette 8192:The London Gazette 8101:Liberation Trilogy 8099:, Volume 2 of The 7717:Caddick-Adams 2015 7595:on 6 December 2008 7569:on 19 October 2015 7440:, pp. 12, 14. 7237:, pp. 150–151 7201:, pp. 151–152 7043:The London Gazette 6968:, pp. 289–290 6747:, pp. 191–192 6713:The New York Times 6697:, pp. 462–463 6623:, pp. 283–284 6611:, pp. 282–283 6575:, pp. 285–286 6235:, pp. 455–471 6145:on 25 October 2018 6107:The London Gazette 6014:The London Gazette 5907:The London Gazette 5879:, pp. 546–548 5827:Caddick-Adams 2012 5817:, pp. 118–127 5758:, pp. 367–369 5733:The London Gazette 5713:The London Gazette 5678:The London Gazette 5646:The London Gazette 5495:, pp. 18, 19. 5458:A Line in the Sand 5442:The London Gazette 5422:The London Gazette 5402:The London Gazette 5382:The London Gazette 5362:The London Gazette 5342:The London Gazette 5322:The London Gazette 5302:The London Gazette 5177:The London Gazette 5157:The London Gazette 5097:The London Gazette 5065:The London Gazette 5045:The London Gazette 5004:The London Gazette 4941:The London Gazette 4921:The London Gazette 4871:The London Gazette 4851:The London Gazette 4800:, pp. 223–230 4651:Retail Price Index 4560:The London Gazette 4540:The London Gazette 4520:The London Gazette 4500:The London Gazette 4480:The London Gazette 4460:The London Gazette 4440:The London Gazette 4420:The London Gazette 4355:Panzer Army Africa 3997:Médaille militaire 3993:(France, May 1945) 3957:(UK, January 1946) 3945: 3932:Honours and awards 3861: 3808:Frank O. Salisbury 3801:St Mary's, Warwick 3768:St Mary's, Warwick 3724: 3722:, unveiled in 1980 3617: 3471: 3386: 3328:Sir Charles Portal 3255:On 4 May 1945, on 3203: 3201:were also present. 3179: 3154:Crossing the Rhine 3132:B. H. Liddell Hart 3083: 3048:US 12th Army Group 2955: 2923: 2756:Operation Bluecoat 2739: 2678: 2667:Operation Goodwood 2638: 2590:Friedrich Dollmann 2585: 2529: 2501: 2471:Gerd von Rundstedt 2456:Battle of Normandy 2452: 2444:Gordon Highlanders 2429:Cotentin Peninsula 2412:Operation Overlord 2404: 2394:Lieutenant-General 2387:Lieutenant-General 2358:Operation Overlord 2319:Apennine Mountains 2315: 2250: 2223: 2179:Lieutenant General 2153: 2112: 2063: 2019: 1982: 1959:44th Home Counties 1924:, the invasion of 1918:British First Army 1882: 1815: 1767: 1727: 1703:Dunkirk evacuation 1672:Dunkirk evacuation 1615: 1473:Commanding officer 1306:Commander-in-chief 1221: 1205:Sir Herbert Plumer 1157:The London Gazette 1115: 1055:Lambeth Conference 1027:Bishop of Tasmania 846:Operation Overlord 842:Battle of Normandy 750:who served in the 621:, 20 December 1969 600:Montgomery's voice 406:Operation Goodwood 396:Operation Overlord 365:Battle of Medenine 333:Dunkirk evacuation 55:Montgomery in 1943 11602: 11601: 11451: 11450: 11443:Sir Roland Walker 11398:Sir Roger Wheeler 11378:Sir Nigel Bagnall 11368:Sir Edwin Bramall 11343:Sir James Cassels 11275:The Viscount Gort 11255:The Earl of Cavan 11168:Viscount Wolseley 11163:Duke of Cambridge 11158:Viscount Hardinge 11058:Duke of Albemarle 11001: 11000: 10992:Succeeded by 10960:Succeeded by 10929:Succeeded by 10905:Succeeded by 10878:Succeeded by 10840:Sir Bernard Paget 10828:Succeeded by 10803:Succeeded by 10776:Succeeded by 10749:Succeeded by 10722:Succeeded by 10691:Succeeded by 10664:Succeeded by 10651:Division reformed 10636:Succeeded by 10614:Military offices 10525:978-0-921991-56-4 10506:978-0-7509-5123-4 10479:978-81-8158-128-0 10428:978-1-84022-223-4 10401:978-0-306-70768-1 10391:Crusade in Europe 10377:978-0-7183-0531-4 10354:978-1-84212-526-7 10324:978-0-521-61826-7 10305:978-0-571-23249-9 10282:978-1-299-61013-2 10261:978-0-8317-7404-2 10254:. Gallery Books. 10231:978-0-684-80330-2 10201:978-1-84574-068-9 10188:Butler, Sir James 10175:978-1-84574-067-2 10162:Butler, Sir James 10149:978-1-59020-028-5 10111:978-0-85617-357-8 10073:978-1-47382-716-5 10054:978-1-86227-431-0 10035:978-0-333-38313-1 10016:978-0-674-01376-6 9997:978-0-14-023542-5 9978:978-0-451-23212-0 9955:978-0-85052-696-7 9936:978-0-375-41433-6 9912:978-0-8117-3383-0 9893:978-0-19-926859-7 9874:978-0-14-028375-4 9855:978-0-241-11838-2 9836:978-0-241-11104-8 9817:978-0-241-10583-2 9798:978-0-7139-9334-9 9776:978-0-8117-1898-1 9743:978-0-340-42637-1 9720:978-2-717-86699-5 9701:978-0-8117-0763-3 9660:978-0-7126-5889-8 9631:Operation Victory 9618:978-0-14-144175-7 9596:978-0-00-217056-7 9574:978-0-304-35280-7 9561:Barnett, Correlli 9552:978-1-84354-894-2 9531:978-0-919907-04-1 9512:978-0-919907-03-4 9493:978-0-919907-01-0 9474:978-0-8020-3925-5 9382:978-0-8117-3487-5 9361:978-0-19-933514-5 9340:978-1-84809-152-8 9317:978-1-85410-929-3 9298:978-0-14-102985-6 9276:978-1-258-20290-3 9257:978-0-300-20534-3 9235:978-0-670-91109-7 9228:. Penguin Group. 9216:978-2-84048-135-5 9197:978-0-313-29119-7 9178:978-0-85045-921-0 8821:New York Magazine 8628:Westminster Abbey 8547:. 24 March 1976. 8503:978-0-86391-030-2 8480:978-0-380-70932-8 8045:978-1-85479-529-8 8008:978-0-141-90302-6 7915:, pp. 76–77. 7788:on 26 April 2015. 7660:978-0-8014-7631-0 7563:"The RAF in WWII" 7276:, pp. 19–20. 7011:978-0-253-13333-5 6135:"Generals at War" 6083:(Subscription or 5995:, pp. 140–41 5594:978-1-85326-685-0 5548:978-0-08-037700-1 5467:978-1-84737-453-0 5122:978-1-905172-37-5 4616:, pp. 13–15. 4604:, pp. 3, 12. 4400:978-0-8160-7477-8 4035:Order of George I 3654:strategic hamlets 3640:Military opinions 3548:St. John's School 3430:, who was by now 3428:Sir Arthur Tedder 3227:Battle of Remagen 3223:Ludendorff Bridge 3215:Operation Plunder 3211:Operation Grenade 3199:Sir Arthur Tedder 3191:Dwight Eisenhower 3176:Operation Plunder 3172:Sir Miles Dempsey 2894:Operation Astonia 2559:Sir Arthur Tedder 2266:Operation Baytown 2200:(then commanding 2096:Winston Churchill 2080:General von Thoma 1804:Claude Auchinleck 1761:, commanding the 1668:Battle of Dunkirk 1588:Church of England 1538:Jewish emigration 1499:, British India. 1392:company commander 1273:1920s and Ireland 1237:Winston Churchill 1079:second lieutenant 947:family, were the 925:Church of Ireland 874:Operation Plunder 630: 629: 610: 477:Battle of Hamburg 467:Operation Plunder 462:Operation Varsity 384:Sicilian Campaign 360:Tunisian Campaign 328:Battle of Dunkirk 93:, Surrey, England 16:(Redirected from 11862: 11589:Sir Cyril Newall 11507:Sir Dudley Pound 11455: 11454: 11408:Sir Mike Jackson 11383:Sir John Chapple 11373:Sir John Stanier 11363:Sir Roland Gibbs 11338:Sir Richard Hull 11320:Sir Richard Hull 11305:Sir John Harding 11300:Sir William Slim 11260:Sir George Milne 11250:Sir Henry Wilson 11235:Sir James Murray 11133:Sir David Dundas 11073:Duke of Leinster 11063:Duke of Monmouth 11027: 11020: 11013: 11004: 11003: 10995:Ronald Macdonald 10975:Preceded by 10970:Honorary titles 10963:David Montgomery 10932:Sir Richard Gale 10908:Sir William Slim 10888:Preceded by 10838:Preceded by 10831:Sir Oliver Leese 10813:Preceded by 10786:Preceded by 10759:Preceded by 10752:Edmond Schreiber 10732:Preceded by 10701:Preceded by 10674:Preceded by 10619:Preceded by 10611: 10610: 10554: 10529: 10510: 10491: 10471: 10460: 10443: 10432: 10413: 10381: 10369: 10358: 10328: 10309: 10297: 10286: 10265: 10244: 10235: 10221:A Bridge Too Far 10214: 10205: 10179: 10153: 10134: 10115: 10096: 10085: 10058: 10039: 10020: 10001: 9982: 9970: 9959: 9940: 9916: 9897: 9878: 9859: 9840: 9821: 9802: 9780: 9761: 9747: 9735: 9724: 9705: 9686: 9669:Doherty, Richard 9664: 9643: 9634: 9622: 9600: 9578: 9556: 9535: 9516: 9497: 9478: 9457: 9448: 9431:(3–4): 145–155. 9419: 9417: 9415: 9400: 9386: 9365: 9344: 9332: 9321: 9302: 9280: 9261: 9239: 9220: 9201: 9182: 9153: 9152: 9139: 9133: 9132: 9119: 9113: 9112: 9099: 9090: 9089: 9076: 9070: 9069: 9056: 9050: 9049: 9036: 9030: 9029: 9016: 9010: 9009: 8996: 8990: 8989: 8976: 8970: 8969: 8956: 8950: 8949: 8947: 8945: 8931: 8925: 8924: 8911: 8905: 8904: 8891: 8885: 8884: 8871: 8865: 8864: 8851: 8845: 8844: 8831: 8825: 8824: 8812: 8806: 8805: 8803: 8801: 8791: 8785: 8784: 8769: 8763: 8762: 8760: 8758: 8743: 8737: 8736: 8734: 8732: 8721: 8715: 8714: 8712: 8710: 8699: 8693: 8692: 8690: 8688: 8677: 8671: 8670: 8668: 8666: 8660: 8653: 8645: 8639: 8638: 8636: 8634: 8620: 8614: 8613: 8611: 8609: 8595: 8589: 8588: 8586: 8584: 8570: 8564: 8563: 8561: 8559: 8537: 8531: 8530: 8528: 8526: 8511: 8505: 8491: 8485: 8484: 8460: 8454: 8448: 8442: 8436: 8430: 8424: 8418: 8417: 8413: 8407: 8406: 8404: 8402: 8391: 8385: 8379: 8373: 8366: 8360: 8354: 8348: 8342: 8336: 8333: 8327: 8326: 8318: 8312: 8311: 8309: 8307: 8291: 8285: 8284: 8282: 8280: 8265: 8259: 8246: 8240: 8239: 8226: 8217: 8216: 8203: 8197: 8196: 8183: 8177: 8172: 8166: 8160: 8154: 8153: 8151: 8149: 8144:. 9 January 1999 8134: 8128: 8122: 8111: 8094: 8088: 8075: 8069: 8056: 8050: 8049: 8031: 8025: 8019: 8013: 8012: 7994: 7988: 7982: 7976: 7970: 7964: 7958: 7952: 7946: 7940: 7934: 7928: 7922: 7916: 7910: 7904: 7898: 7892: 7886: 7880: 7874: 7868: 7862: 7856: 7850: 7837: 7836: 7834: 7832: 7822: 7816: 7815: 7813: 7811: 7796: 7790: 7789: 7784:. 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Patton 2547:Michael Wittmann 2508:and finally the 2327:Foggia airfields 2235:Harry Broadhurst 2100:Sir Oliver Leese 2076:prisoners of war 1950:Correlli Barnett 1876:Montgomery in a 1864:Tunisia campaign 1743:Suffolk Regiment 1710:Kenneth Anderson 1664:Battle of France 1658:Battle of France 1548:Second World War 1522:Southern Command 1452:Richard O'Connor 1412:Sir Percy Hobart 1388:Territorial Army 1336:Irish Free State 1211:, in July 1917. 1176:, and then with 1103:J. W. Sandilands 1067:St Paul's School 965:St Mark's Church 929:Henry Montgomery 760:Second World War 743:", was a senior 738: 737: 734: 733: 730: 727: 724: 721: 718: 715: 711: 707: 706: 703: 700: 697: 694: 691: 688: 685: 682: 679: 670: 665: 658: 651: 644: 612: 611: 589: 546: 544: 379:Italian campaign 323:Battle of France 318:Second World War 138: 108:Alton, Hampshire 104: 88:17 November 1887 87: 85: 53: 39: 38: 21: 11870: 11869: 11865: 11864: 11863: 11861: 11860: 11859: 11830:Clan Montgomery 11605: 11604: 11603: 11598: 11572: 11538:Sir Alan Brooke 11521: 11475: 11452: 11447: 11428:Sir Nick Carter 11324: 11290:Sir Alan Brooke 11225:Sir John French 11206: 11188: 11177: 11083:Duke of Ormonde 11044: 11031: 10997: 10988: 10980: 10965: 10956: 10934: 10925: 10910: 10901: 10893: 10883: 10874: 10866: 10863: 10854:Post disbanded 10849: 10841: 10833: 10824: 10816: 10808: 10799: 10791: 10781: 10772: 10764: 10754: 10745: 10737: 10727: 10718: 10706: 10704:Sir Alan Brooke 10696: 10687: 10679: 10669: 10660: 10652: 10649: 10641: 10632: 10624: 10622:Geoffrey Raikes 10549: 10536: 10526: 10507: 10480: 10429: 10402: 10378: 10355: 10336: 10334:Primary sources 10331: 10325: 10315:A World in Arms 10306: 10283: 10262: 10232: 10202: 10176: 10150: 10131: 10112: 10074: 10055: 10036: 10017: 10009:. John Murray. 9998: 9979: 9956: 9937: 9913: 9894: 9875: 9856: 9837: 9818: 9799: 9785:Hamilton, Nigel 9777: 9752:Hamilton, J. A. 9744: 9721: 9702: 9683: 9661: 9619: 9597: 9575: 9553: 9532: 9513: 9494: 9475: 9413: 9411: 9409: 9383: 9362: 9341: 9318: 9299: 9285:Brighton, Terry 9277: 9258: 9236: 9217: 9198: 9179: 9162: 9157: 9156: 9140: 9136: 9120: 9116: 9100: 9093: 9077: 9073: 9057: 9053: 9037: 9033: 9017: 9013: 8997: 8993: 8977: 8973: 8957: 8953: 8943: 8941: 8933: 8932: 8928: 8912: 8908: 8892: 8888: 8872: 8868: 8852: 8848: 8832: 8828: 8813: 8809: 8799: 8797: 8793: 8792: 8788: 8771: 8770: 8766: 8756: 8754: 8753:on 23 June 2012 8745: 8744: 8740: 8730: 8728: 8723: 8722: 8718: 8708: 8706: 8701: 8700: 8696: 8686: 8684: 8679: 8678: 8674: 8664: 8662: 8658: 8651: 8647: 8646: 8642: 8632: 8630: 8622: 8621: 8617: 8607: 8605: 8597: 8596: 8592: 8582: 8580: 8572: 8571: 8567: 8557: 8555: 8539: 8538: 8534: 8524: 8522: 8513: 8512: 8508: 8492: 8488: 8481: 8461: 8457: 8449: 8445: 8437: 8433: 8425: 8421: 8414: 8410: 8400: 8398: 8393: 8392: 8388: 8384:, p. xxiv. 8382:Alanbrooke 2001 8380: 8376: 8367: 8363: 8357:Montgomery 1960 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6292: 6287: 6283: 6275: 6268: 6260: 6256: 6248: 6239: 6231: 6227: 6219: 6210: 6202: 6198: 6190: 6181: 6173: 6158: 6148: 6146: 6139:Weekly Standard 6131: 6127: 6119: 6115: 6099: 6092: 6082: 6074: 6072: 6052: 6051: 6034: 6026: 6022: 6006: 5999: 5991: 5987: 5979: 5975: 5967: 5963: 5955: 5951: 5943: 5939: 5931: 5927: 5919: 5915: 5899: 5895: 5887: 5883: 5875: 5871: 5865:Alanbrooke 2001 5863: 5859: 5849: 5847: 5838: 5837: 5833: 5825: 5821: 5813: 5806: 5798: 5794: 5786: 5779: 5766: 5762: 5754: 5750: 5745: 5741: 5725: 5721: 5705: 5701: 5693: 5686: 5670: 5666: 5661: 5654: 5638: 5631: 5626: 5617: 5609: 5602: 5595: 5581: 5577: 5569: 5556: 5549: 5535: 5531: 5523: 5516: 5508: 5499: 5493:Alanbrooke 2001 5491: 5487: 5479: 5475: 5468: 5454: 5450: 5434: 5430: 5414: 5410: 5394: 5390: 5374: 5370: 5354: 5350: 5334: 5330: 5314: 5310: 5294: 5290: 5282: 5278: 5270: 5266: 5258: 5254: 5249: 5245: 5237: 5233: 5225: 5221: 5213: 5209: 5201: 5197: 5189: 5185: 5169: 5165: 5149: 5145: 5134: 5130: 5123: 5109: 5105: 5089: 5085: 5079:Montgomery 1958 5077: 5073: 5057: 5053: 5037: 5033: 5025: 5021: 5016: 5012: 4996: 4992: 4984: 4949: 4933: 4929: 4913: 4906: 4898: 4894: 4886: 4879: 4863: 4859: 4843: 4839: 4831: 4816: 4808: 4804: 4796: 4781: 4769: 4765: 4755: 4753: 4752:. 11 March 2020 4744: 4743: 4739: 4731: 4727: 4719: 4715: 4705:Montgomery 1933 4703: 4699: 4689: 4687: 4682: 4681: 4677: 4667: 4665: 4648: 4644: 4636: 4632: 4624: 4620: 4612: 4608: 4600: 4596: 4586: 4584: 4573: 4572: 4568: 4552: 4548: 4532: 4528: 4512: 4508: 4492: 4488: 4472: 4468: 4452: 4448: 4432: 4428: 4412: 4408: 4401: 4385: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4323: 4318: 4316: 4309: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4294: 4278: 4262: 4246: 4230: 4214: 4198: 4182: 4166: 4150: 4134: 4118: 4102: 4086: 4081:(Norway) (1951) 4061:(Belgium, 1947) 4023:, 21 June 1945) 4010:Legion of Merit 3934: 3792: 3785: 3779: 3770: 3760: 3751: 3748: 3708: 3673: 3671:Social opinions 3642: 3589: 3584: 3539:, a charity in 3519: 3507:Matthew Ridgway 3495: 3459: 3449:in the 1944–45 3406: 3369:(red sash) and 3359:Montgomery and 3353: 3348: 3310:Flying Fortress 3294: 3269: 3219:U.S. First Army 3156: 3145:Stephen Ambrose 3128:5th Panzer Army 3064:U.S. First Army 3060:Courtney Hodges 3056:U.S. Ninth Army 3052:William Simpson 3040: 2977: 2854:Port of Antwerp 2824: 2807: 2760:Gerard Bucknall 2752:Suisse Normande 2659:Operation Cobra 2563:V-1 flying bomb 2544:Obersturmführer 2408:21st Army Group 2360: 2354: 2323:Charles Allfrey 2287:U.S. Fifth Army 2247:Charles Allfrey 2219:Miles Messenger 2211: 2186:US Seventh Army 2175:15th Army Group 2145: 2137:Legion of Merit 2125:Operation Capri 2108:Sir Alan Brooke 2088: 2048: 2011: 1922:Operation Torch 1870: 1852: 1847: 1757:, is Brigadier 1719: 1674: 1660: 1652:war of movement 1582:, commander of 1560: 1555: 1550: 1464: 1400: 1363:Oliver Cromwell 1340:Irish Civil War 1338:and during the 1279:Royal Fusiliers 1275: 1270: 1194:Battle of Arras 1172:, first of the 1095: 1093:First World War 1029:, then still a 953:Clan Montgomery 917: 854:21st Army Group 807:Royal Fusiliers 803:inter-war years 787:Battle of Arras 752:First World War 712: 709: 676: 672: 663: 656: 649: 642: 638: 626: 625: 624: 623: 622: 613: 605: 602: 577: 553:Other work 548: 540: 536: 533: 522: 490: 413:Operation Cobra 401:Battle for Caen 308:Anglo-Irish War 303:First World War 291: 286:Royal Fusiliers 277:1st Battalion, 218:21st Army Group 124: 106: 102: 89: 83: 81: 73: 56: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11868: 11858: 11857: 11852: 11847: 11842: 11837: 11832: 11827: 11822: 11817: 11812: 11807: 11802: 11797: 11792: 11787: 11782: 11777: 11772: 11767: 11762: 11757: 11752: 11747: 11742: 11737: 11732: 11727: 11722: 11717: 11712: 11707: 11702: 11697: 11692: 11687: 11682: 11677: 11672: 11667: 11662: 11657: 11652: 11647: 11642: 11637: 11632: 11627: 11622: 11617: 11600: 11599: 11597: 11596: 11591: 11586: 11580: 11578: 11574: 11573: 11571: 11570: 11565: 11560: 11555: 11550: 11545: 11540: 11535: 11529: 11527: 11526:Field Marshals 11523: 11522: 11520: 11519: 11517:Sir John Tovey 11514: 11509: 11504: 11499: 11494: 11489: 11483: 11481: 11477: 11476: 11465:Field Marshals 11449: 11448: 11446: 11445: 11440: 11435: 11430: 11425: 11423:Sir Peter Wall 11420: 11415: 11410: 11405: 11400: 11395: 11390: 11388:Sir Peter Inge 11385: 11380: 11375: 11370: 11365: 11360: 11358:Sir Peter Hunt 11355: 11350: 11345: 11340: 11334: 11332: 11326: 11325: 11323: 11322: 11317: 11312: 11307: 11302: 11297: 11292: 11287: 11282: 11277: 11272: 11267: 11262: 11257: 11252: 11247: 11242: 11237: 11232: 11227: 11222: 11216: 11214: 11208: 11207: 11205: 11204: 11198: 11196: 11190: 11189: 11180: 11178: 11176: 11175: 11170: 11165: 11160: 11155: 11150: 11145: 11140: 11135: 11130: 11125: 11120: 11115: 11110: 11105: 11100: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11060: 11054: 11052: 11046: 11045: 11030: 11029: 11022: 11015: 11007: 10999: 10998: 10993: 10990: 10981: 10978:Clement Thomes 10976: 10972: 10971: 10967: 10966: 10961: 10958: 10949: 10943: 10942: 10936: 10935: 10930: 10927: 10918: 10912: 10911: 10906: 10903: 10894: 10889: 10885: 10884: 10879: 10876: 10867: 10864: 10857: 10856: 10851: 10842: 10839: 10835: 10834: 10829: 10826: 10817: 10814: 10810: 10809: 10804: 10801: 10792: 10787: 10783: 10782: 10777: 10774: 10769:GOC, XII Corps 10765: 10760: 10756: 10755: 10750: 10747: 10738: 10733: 10729: 10728: 10725:Edmund Osborne 10723: 10720: 10719:May–June 1940 10707: 10702: 10698: 10697: 10692: 10689: 10680: 10675: 10671: 10670: 10665: 10662: 10653: 10650: 10643: 10642: 10637: 10634: 10625: 10620: 10616: 10615: 10609: 10608: 10595: 10583: 10577: 10571: 10560: 10555: 10547: 10542: 10535: 10534:External links 10532: 10531: 10530: 10524: 10511: 10505: 10492: 10478: 10461: 10444: 10433: 10427: 10414: 10400: 10382: 10376: 10359: 10353: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10329: 10323: 10310: 10304: 10287: 10281: 10266: 10260: 10245: 10236: 10230: 10215: 10206: 10200: 10180: 10174: 10154: 10148: 10135: 10130:978-0811761758 10129: 10116: 10110: 10097: 10086: 10072: 10059: 10053: 10040: 10034: 10021: 10015: 10002: 9996: 9983: 9977: 9960: 9954: 9941: 9935: 9917: 9911: 9898: 9892: 9879: 9873: 9860: 9854: 9841: 9835: 9822: 9816: 9803: 9797: 9781: 9775: 9762: 9748: 9742: 9725: 9719: 9706: 9700: 9687: 9682:978-1851828654 9681: 9665: 9659: 9644: 9635: 9623: 9617: 9601: 9595: 9579: 9573: 9557: 9551: 9536: 9530: 9517: 9511: 9498: 9492: 9479: 9473: 9458: 9449: 9420: 9407: 9391:Chalfont, Alun 9387: 9381: 9366: 9360: 9345: 9339: 9322: 9316: 9303: 9297: 9281: 9275: 9262: 9256: 9240: 9234: 9221: 9215: 9202: 9196: 9183: 9177: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9155: 9154: 9134: 9114: 9091: 9071: 9051: 9031: 9011: 8991: 8971: 8951: 8926: 8906: 8886: 8866: 8846: 8826: 8807: 8786: 8764: 8738: 8716: 8694: 8672: 8640: 8615: 8590: 8565: 8532: 8506: 8486: 8479: 8455: 8443: 8431: 8427:Heathcote 1999 8419: 8408: 8386: 8374: 8361: 8349: 8337: 8328: 8313: 8286: 8260: 8241: 8218: 8198: 8178: 8167: 8155: 8129: 8112: 8109:978-1429920100 8089: 8086:978-0511252938 8070: 8067:978-1285401799 8051: 8044: 8026: 8014: 8007: 7989: 7977: 7965: 7953: 7941: 7929: 7917: 7905: 7893: 7881: 7869: 7857: 7853:Heathcote 1999 7838: 7817: 7806:on 6 June 2018 7791: 7769: 7757: 7745: 7733: 7731:, p. 111. 7721: 7719:, p. 644. 7709: 7707:, p. 318. 7705:Delaforce 2004 7697: 7688: 7663: 7647: 7630: 7618: 7606: 7580: 7554: 7533: 7498: 7471: 7454: 7442: 7430: 7418: 7409: 7407:, p. 269. 7397: 7395:, p. 255. 7385: 7373: 7355: 7343: 7341:, p. 127. 7326: 7311: 7290: 7278: 7263: 7251: 7249:, p. 124. 7239: 7227: 7215: 7203: 7191: 7189:, p. 150. 7179: 7152: 7140: 7128: 7116: 7113:978-1926685809 7094: 7079: 7064: 7062:, p. 129. 7049: 7029: 7017: 7010: 6982: 6970: 6958: 6946: 6934: 6922: 6907: 6890: 6878: 6857: 6836: 6824: 6812: 6800: 6788: 6773: 6761: 6749: 6737: 6735:, p. 396. 6725: 6699: 6687: 6675: 6663: 6642: 6625: 6613: 6601: 6589: 6577: 6565: 6563:, p. 202. 6553: 6541: 6529: 6517: 6502: 6490: 6478: 6466: 6454: 6439: 6427: 6415: 6403: 6401:, p. 246. 6391: 6389:, p. 247. 6379: 6358: 6341: 6329: 6314: 6302: 6290: 6281: 6266: 6254: 6237: 6225: 6208: 6196: 6192:Heathcote 1999 6179: 6177:, p. 306. 6156: 6125: 6113: 6090: 6032: 6027:Stout (1956), 6020: 5997: 5993:Moorehead 1973 5985: 5973: 5961: 5949: 5937: 5925: 5921:Churchill 1986 5913: 5893: 5881: 5877:Churchill 1986 5869: 5857: 5831: 5829:, p. 461. 5819: 5815:Moorehead 1973 5804: 5792: 5777: 5760: 5748: 5739: 5719: 5699: 5684: 5664: 5652: 5629: 5615: 5611:Heathcote 1999 5600: 5593: 5575: 5554: 5547: 5529: 5514: 5497: 5485: 5483:, p. 218, 5481:Heathcote 1999 5473: 5466: 5448: 5428: 5408: 5388: 5368: 5348: 5328: 5308: 5288: 5276: 5264: 5252: 5243: 5231: 5219: 5207: 5195: 5183: 5163: 5143: 5128: 5121: 5103: 5083: 5071: 5051: 5031: 5019: 5010: 4990: 4986:Heathcote 1999 4947: 4927: 4904: 4892: 4877: 4857: 4837: 4833:Heathcote 1999 4814: 4802: 4779: 4763: 4737: 4725: 4713: 4697: 4686:. Townlands.ie 4675: 4662:MeasuringWorth 4642: 4630: 4628:, p. 324. 4618: 4606: 4594: 4566: 4546: 4526: 4506: 4486: 4466: 4446: 4426: 4406: 4399: 4378: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4366: 4365: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4341: 4335: 4329: 4328: 4314: 4298: 4295: 4084: 4083: 4082: 4075: 4068: 4062: 4055: 4052: 4045: 4038: 4031: 4026:Knight of the 4024: 4015:Member of the 4013: 4006: 4000: 3994: 3988: 3987:(France, 1919) 3982: 3976: 3970: 3964: 3958: 3933: 3930: 3929: 3928: 3907: 3892: 3882:World Champion 3878: 3849: 3848: 3838: 3815: 3804: 3791: 3788: 3787: 3786: 3780: 3773: 3771: 3766:on display in 3761: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3742: 3707: 3704: 3672: 3669: 3641: 3638: 3588: 3585: 3583: 3580: 3518: 3515: 3494: 3491: 3479:Nigel Hamilton 3465:Montgomery in 3458: 3455: 3413:Clement Attlee 3405: 3402: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3293: 3290: 3268: 3265: 3257:Lüneburg Heath 3155: 3152: 3122:After the war 3079:U.S. XVI Corps 3039: 3036: 2976: 2973: 2865:Bertram Ramsay 2823: 2820: 2806: 2803: 2785:The so-called 2764:Brian Horrocks 2746:under General 2663:Falaise pocket 2642:carpet bombing 2583:, 16 June 1944 2521:Douglas Graham 2353: 2350: 2258:Western Europe 2237:, Montgomery, 2210: 2207: 2144: 2141: 2087: 2084: 2047: 2044: 2010: 2007: 1978:George Roberts 1974:Brian Horrocks 1932:talking about 1906:Western Desert 1888:and commander 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1839:Exercise Tiger 1759:Gerald Templer 1718: 1715: 1659: 1656: 1641:had agreed to 1607:Dudley Johnson 1592:Roman Catholic 1559: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1463: 1460: 1423:Burnham-on-Sea 1399: 1396: 1351:Essex Regiment 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1229:chief of staff 1094: 1091: 1031:British colony 971:, a native of 951:branch of the 949:County Donegal 916: 913: 882:Lüneburg Heath 795:chief of staff 628: 627: 614: 603: 598: 597: 596: 595: 594: 591: 590: 583: 579: 578: 576: 575: 572: 569: 566: 563: 560: 556: 554: 550: 549: 538: 534: 531: 530: 528: 524: 523: 521: 520: 514: 509: 504: 498: 496: 492: 491: 489: 488: 487: 486: 481: 480: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 449: 444: 443: 442: 437: 427: 426: 425: 420: 415: 410: 409: 408: 393: 392: 391: 386: 376: 375: 374: 373: 372: 367: 357: 352: 347: 337: 336: 335: 330: 315: 310: 305: 299: 297: 293: 292: 290: 289: 282: 275: 269: 263: 257: 251: 245: 239: 233: 227: 221: 215: 209: 203: 197: 190: 188: 184: 183: 178: 174: 173: 170: 168:Service number 164: 163: 158: 154: 153: 150: 146: 145: 140: 134: 133: 132:United Kingdom 130: 126: 125: 118: 116: 112: 111: 105:(aged 88) 99: 95: 94: 79: 75: 74: 72: 71: 68: 64: 62: 58: 57: 54: 46: 45: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11867: 11856: 11853: 11851: 11848: 11846: 11843: 11841: 11838: 11836: 11833: 11831: 11828: 11826: 11823: 11821: 11818: 11816: 11813: 11811: 11808: 11806: 11803: 11801: 11798: 11796: 11793: 11791: 11788: 11786: 11783: 11781: 11778: 11776: 11773: 11771: 11768: 11766: 11763: 11761: 11758: 11756: 11753: 11751: 11748: 11746: 11743: 11741: 11738: 11736: 11733: 11731: 11728: 11726: 11723: 11721: 11718: 11716: 11713: 11711: 11708: 11706: 11703: 11701: 11698: 11696: 11693: 11691: 11688: 11686: 11683: 11681: 11678: 11676: 11673: 11671: 11668: 11666: 11663: 11661: 11658: 11656: 11653: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11643: 11641: 11638: 11636: 11633: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11623: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11613: 11612: 11610: 11595: 11592: 11590: 11587: 11585: 11582: 11581: 11579: 11575: 11569: 11566: 11564: 11561: 11559: 11556: 11554: 11551: 11549: 11546: 11544: 11543:Sir John Dill 11541: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11531: 11530: 11528: 11524: 11518: 11515: 11513: 11510: 11508: 11505: 11503: 11500: 11498: 11495: 11493: 11490: 11488: 11485: 11484: 11482: 11478: 11474: 11470: 11466: 11462: 11456: 11444: 11441: 11439: 11436: 11434: 11431: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11421: 11419: 11416: 11414: 11411: 11409: 11406: 11404: 11401: 11399: 11396: 11394: 11391: 11389: 11386: 11384: 11381: 11379: 11376: 11374: 11371: 11369: 11366: 11364: 11361: 11359: 11356: 11354: 11351: 11349: 11346: 11344: 11341: 11339: 11336: 11335: 11333: 11331: 11327: 11321: 11318: 11316: 11313: 11311: 11308: 11306: 11303: 11301: 11298: 11296: 11293: 11291: 11288: 11286: 11285:Sir John Dill 11283: 11281: 11278: 11276: 11273: 11271: 11268: 11266: 11263: 11261: 11258: 11256: 11253: 11251: 11248: 11246: 11243: 11241: 11238: 11236: 11233: 11231: 11228: 11226: 11223: 11221: 11218: 11217: 11215: 11213: 11209: 11203: 11200: 11199: 11197: 11195: 11191: 11184: 11174: 11171: 11169: 11166: 11164: 11161: 11159: 11156: 11154: 11151: 11149: 11148:Viscount Hill 11146: 11144: 11141: 11139: 11136: 11134: 11131: 11129: 11126: 11124: 11121: 11119: 11116: 11114: 11111: 11109: 11106: 11104: 11101: 11099: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11088:Earl of Stair 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11056: 11055: 11053: 11051: 11047: 11043: 11039: 11035: 11028: 11023: 11021: 11016: 11014: 11009: 11008: 11005: 10996: 10987: 10986: 10979: 10973: 10968: 10964: 10955: 10954: 10948: 10944: 10941: 10937: 10933: 10924: 10923: 10917: 10913: 10909: 10900: 10899: 10892: 10886: 10882: 10873: 10872: 10862: 10858: 10855: 10852: 10848: 10847: 10836: 10832: 10823: 10822: 10811: 10807: 10798: 10797: 10790: 10789:Bernard Paget 10784: 10780: 10779:James Gammell 10771: 10770: 10763: 10762:Andrew Thorne 10757: 10753: 10744: 10743: 10736: 10730: 10726: 10717: 10716: 10712: 10705: 10699: 10695: 10694:James Gammell 10686: 10685: 10678: 10677:Denis Bernard 10672: 10668: 10659: 10658: 10648: 10644: 10640: 10631: 10630: 10623: 10617: 10612: 10607: 10603: 10599: 10596: 10593: 10592: 10587: 10584: 10581: 10578: 10575: 10572: 10570: 10566: 10565: 10561: 10559: 10556: 10552: 10548: 10546: 10543: 10541: 10538: 10537: 10527: 10521: 10517: 10512: 10508: 10502: 10498: 10493: 10489: 10485: 10481: 10475: 10470: 10469: 10462: 10458: 10454: 10450: 10445: 10441: 10440: 10434: 10430: 10424: 10420: 10415: 10411: 10407: 10403: 10397: 10393: 10392: 10387: 10383: 10379: 10373: 10368: 10367: 10360: 10356: 10350: 10346: 10342: 10338: 10337: 10326: 10320: 10316: 10311: 10307: 10301: 10296: 10295: 10288: 10284: 10278: 10275:. Macmillan. 10274: 10273: 10267: 10263: 10257: 10253: 10252: 10246: 10242: 10237: 10233: 10227: 10223: 10222: 10216: 10212: 10207: 10203: 10197: 10193: 10189: 10185: 10181: 10177: 10171: 10167: 10163: 10159: 10155: 10151: 10145: 10141: 10136: 10132: 10126: 10122: 10117: 10113: 10107: 10103: 10098: 10094: 10093: 10087: 10083: 10079: 10075: 10069: 10065: 10060: 10056: 10050: 10046: 10041: 10037: 10031: 10027: 10022: 10018: 10012: 10008: 10003: 9999: 9993: 9989: 9984: 9980: 9974: 9969: 9968: 9961: 9957: 9951: 9947: 9942: 9938: 9932: 9928: 9927: 9922: 9921:Hastings, Max 9918: 9914: 9908: 9904: 9899: 9895: 9889: 9885: 9880: 9876: 9870: 9866: 9861: 9857: 9851: 9847: 9842: 9838: 9832: 9828: 9823: 9819: 9813: 9809: 9804: 9800: 9794: 9790: 9786: 9782: 9778: 9772: 9768: 9763: 9759: 9758: 9753: 9749: 9745: 9739: 9734: 9733: 9726: 9722: 9716: 9712: 9707: 9703: 9697: 9693: 9688: 9684: 9678: 9674: 9670: 9666: 9662: 9656: 9652: 9651: 9645: 9641: 9636: 9632: 9628: 9624: 9620: 9614: 9610: 9606: 9602: 9598: 9592: 9588: 9584: 9583:D'Este, Carlo 9580: 9576: 9570: 9566: 9562: 9558: 9554: 9548: 9544: 9543: 9537: 9533: 9527: 9523: 9518: 9514: 9508: 9504: 9499: 9495: 9489: 9485: 9480: 9476: 9470: 9466: 9465: 9459: 9455: 9450: 9446: 9442: 9438: 9434: 9430: 9426: 9421: 9410: 9408:0-689-10744-7 9404: 9399: 9398: 9392: 9388: 9384: 9378: 9375:. Stackpole. 9374: 9373: 9367: 9363: 9357: 9353: 9352: 9346: 9342: 9336: 9331: 9330: 9323: 9319: 9313: 9309: 9304: 9300: 9294: 9290: 9286: 9282: 9278: 9272: 9268: 9263: 9259: 9253: 9249: 9245: 9241: 9237: 9231: 9227: 9222: 9218: 9212: 9208: 9203: 9199: 9193: 9189: 9184: 9180: 9174: 9170: 9165: 9164: 9150: 9149: 9144: 9138: 9130: 9129: 9124: 9118: 9110: 9109: 9104: 9098: 9096: 9087: 9086: 9081: 9075: 9067: 9066: 9061: 9055: 9047: 9046: 9041: 9035: 9027: 9026: 9021: 9015: 9007: 9006: 9001: 8995: 8987: 8986: 8981: 8975: 8967: 8966: 8961: 8955: 8940: 8936: 8930: 8922: 8921: 8916: 8910: 8902: 8901: 8896: 8890: 8882: 8881: 8876: 8870: 8862: 8861: 8856: 8850: 8842: 8841: 8836: 8830: 8823:. p. 64. 8822: 8818: 8811: 8796: 8790: 8782: 8778: 8774: 8768: 8752: 8748: 8742: 8726: 8720: 8704: 8698: 8682: 8676: 8657: 8650: 8644: 8629: 8625: 8619: 8604: 8600: 8594: 8579: 8575: 8569: 8554: 8550: 8546: 8542: 8536: 8520: 8516: 8510: 8504: 8500: 8496: 8490: 8482: 8476: 8472: 8468: 8467: 8459: 8453:, p. 169 8452: 8451:Hamilton 2002 8447: 8441:, p. 125 8440: 8435: 8429:, p. 219 8428: 8423: 8412: 8396: 8390: 8383: 8378: 8371: 8370:La Repubblica 8365: 8358: 8353: 8347:, p. 127 8346: 8341: 8332: 8324: 8317: 8301: 8297: 8290: 8274: 8270: 8264: 8257: 8256:archive.today 8253: 8250: 8245: 8237: 8236: 8231: 8225: 8223: 8214: 8213: 8208: 8202: 8194: 8193: 8188: 8182: 8176: 8175:Hamilton 1986 8171: 8165:, p. 109 8164: 8159: 8143: 8139: 8133: 8127:, p. 309 8126: 8121: 8119: 8117: 8110: 8106: 8102: 8098: 8093: 8087: 8083: 8079: 8074: 8068: 8064: 8060: 8055: 8047: 8041: 8037: 8030: 8024:, p. 720 8023: 8018: 8010: 8004: 8000: 7993: 7986: 7981: 7975:, p. 312 7974: 7973:Corrigan 2010 7969: 7962: 7957: 7951:, p. 63. 7950: 7945: 7939:, p. 60. 7938: 7933: 7927:, p. 59. 7926: 7921: 7914: 7909: 7903:, p. 70. 7902: 7897: 7891:, p. 58. 7890: 7885: 7879:, p. 56. 7878: 7873: 7867:, p. 55. 7866: 7861: 7855:, p. 218 7854: 7849: 7847: 7845: 7843: 7827: 7821: 7805: 7801: 7795: 7787: 7783: 7779: 7773: 7766: 7761: 7754: 7749: 7743:, p. 92. 7742: 7741:Morelock 2015 7737: 7730: 7725: 7718: 7713: 7706: 7701: 7692: 7686: 7682: 7678: 7674: 7667: 7661: 7657: 7651: 7644: 7643:0-7146-4727-6 7640: 7634: 7628:(1958) p. 308 7627: 7622: 7616:, p. 65. 7615: 7614:Morelock 2015 7610: 7594: 7590: 7584: 7568: 7564: 7558: 7550: 7549: 7544: 7537: 7521: 7517: 7513: 7509: 7502: 7486: 7482: 7475: 7469:, p. 459 7468: 7463: 7461: 7459: 7452:, p. 14. 7451: 7446: 7439: 7434: 7427: 7422: 7413: 7406: 7401: 7394: 7389: 7382: 7377: 7369: 7362: 7360: 7353:, p. 298 7352: 7347: 7340: 7335: 7333: 7331: 7324:, p. 43. 7323: 7318: 7316: 7309:, p. 42. 7308: 7303: 7301: 7299: 7297: 7295: 7288:, p. 289 7287: 7282: 7275: 7270: 7268: 7261:, p. 18. 7260: 7255: 7248: 7243: 7236: 7231: 7224: 7219: 7213:, p. 152 7212: 7207: 7200: 7195: 7188: 7183: 7177:, p. 150 7176: 7171: 7169: 7167: 7165: 7163: 7161: 7159: 7157: 7150:, p. 16. 7149: 7144: 7137: 7132: 7126:, p. 149 7125: 7120: 7114: 7110: 7106: 7101: 7099: 7092:, p. 11. 7091: 7086: 7084: 7077:, p. 148 7076: 7071: 7069: 7061: 7056: 7054: 7045: 7044: 7039: 7033: 7027:, p. 290 7026: 7021: 7013: 7007: 7003: 6999: 6995: 6989: 6987: 6979: 6974: 6967: 6962: 6955: 6950: 6943: 6938: 6931: 6926: 6919: 6914: 6912: 6904: 6899: 6897: 6895: 6887: 6882: 6876:, p. 289 6875: 6870: 6868: 6866: 6864: 6862: 6855:, p. 287 6854: 6849: 6847: 6845: 6843: 6841: 6834:, p. 690 6833: 6832:Weinberg 2004 6828: 6821: 6816: 6810:, p. 146 6809: 6804: 6798:, p. 469 6797: 6792: 6786:, p. 288 6785: 6780: 6778: 6770: 6765: 6759:, p. 192 6758: 6753: 6746: 6741: 6734: 6729: 6714: 6710: 6703: 6696: 6691: 6684: 6679: 6672: 6667: 6661:, p. 285 6660: 6655: 6653: 6651: 6649: 6647: 6640:, p. 284 6639: 6634: 6632: 6630: 6622: 6617: 6610: 6605: 6599:, p. 282 6598: 6593: 6587:, p. 281 6586: 6581: 6574: 6569: 6562: 6557: 6550: 6545: 6538: 6533: 6527:, p. 689 6526: 6525:Weinberg 2004 6521: 6514: 6509: 6507: 6499: 6494: 6487: 6482: 6475: 6470: 6463: 6458: 6452:, p. 283 6451: 6446: 6444: 6437:, p. 458 6436: 6431: 6425:, p. 86. 6424: 6419: 6413:, p. 84. 6412: 6407: 6400: 6395: 6388: 6383: 6376: 6371: 6369: 6367: 6365: 6363: 6355: 6350: 6348: 6346: 6338: 6333: 6326: 6321: 6319: 6312:, p. 461 6311: 6306: 6299: 6298:Carafano 2008 6294: 6285: 6279:, p. 471 6278: 6273: 6271: 6263: 6258: 6251: 6246: 6244: 6242: 6234: 6229: 6222: 6217: 6215: 6213: 6205: 6200: 6194:, p. 217 6193: 6188: 6186: 6184: 6176: 6171: 6169: 6167: 6165: 6163: 6161: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6129: 6123:, p. 306 6122: 6117: 6109: 6108: 6103: 6097: 6095: 6086: 6071: 6067: 6063: 6062: 6056: 6049: 6047: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6039: 6037: 6030: 6024: 6016: 6015: 6010: 6004: 6002: 5994: 5989: 5982: 5977: 5970: 5965: 5958: 5953: 5946: 5941: 5934: 5929: 5923:, p. 588 5922: 5917: 5909: 5908: 5903: 5897: 5891:, p. 388 5890: 5885: 5878: 5873: 5866: 5861: 5846:. 27 May 2013 5845: 5841: 5835: 5828: 5823: 5816: 5811: 5809: 5802:, p. 265 5801: 5796: 5790:, p. 370 5789: 5784: 5782: 5774: 5770: 5764: 5757: 5752: 5743: 5735: 5734: 5729: 5723: 5715: 5714: 5709: 5703: 5697:, p. 303 5696: 5691: 5689: 5680: 5679: 5674: 5668: 5659: 5657: 5648: 5647: 5642: 5636: 5634: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5613:, p. 216 5612: 5607: 5605: 5596: 5590: 5586: 5579: 5573:, p. 40. 5572: 5567: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5559: 5550: 5544: 5540: 5533: 5526: 5521: 5519: 5512:, p. 39. 5511: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5494: 5489: 5482: 5477: 5469: 5463: 5459: 5452: 5444: 5443: 5438: 5432: 5424: 5423: 5418: 5412: 5404: 5403: 5398: 5392: 5384: 5383: 5378: 5372: 5364: 5363: 5358: 5352: 5344: 5343: 5338: 5332: 5324: 5323: 5318: 5312: 5304: 5303: 5298: 5292: 5286:, p. 426 5285: 5284:Hamilton 1984 5280: 5273: 5272:Hamilton 1984 5268: 5261: 5260:Hamilton 1984 5256: 5247: 5241:, p. 276 5240: 5239:Hamilton 1981 5235: 5229:, p. 278 5228: 5227:Hamilton 1981 5223: 5217:, p. 197 5216: 5215:Hamilton 1981 5211: 5205:, p. 200 5204: 5203:Hamilton 1981 5199: 5193:, p. 177 5192: 5191:Hamilton 1981 5187: 5179: 5178: 5173: 5167: 5159: 5158: 5153: 5147: 5139: 5132: 5124: 5118: 5114: 5107: 5099: 5098: 5093: 5087: 5080: 5075: 5067: 5066: 5061: 5055: 5047: 5046: 5041: 5035: 5028: 5023: 5014: 5006: 5005: 5000: 4994: 4988:, p. 214 4987: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4943: 4942: 4937: 4931: 4923: 4922: 4917: 4911: 4909: 4902:, p. 20. 4901: 4896: 4890:, p. 19. 4889: 4884: 4882: 4873: 4872: 4867: 4861: 4853: 4852: 4847: 4841: 4835:, p. 213 4834: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4811: 4810:Hamilton 1981 4806: 4799: 4794: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4776: 4772: 4771:Chalfont 1976 4767: 4751: 4747: 4741: 4734: 4733:Hamilton 1981 4729: 4723:, p. 31. 4722: 4721:Hamilton 1981 4717: 4710: 4706: 4701: 4685: 4679: 4664: 4663: 4658: 4652: 4646: 4639: 4638:Hamilton 1981 4634: 4627: 4626:Hamilton 1894 4622: 4615: 4614:Hamilton 1981 4610: 4603: 4602:Hamilton 1981 4598: 4582: 4581: 4576: 4570: 4562: 4561: 4556: 4550: 4542: 4541: 4536: 4530: 4522: 4521: 4516: 4510: 4502: 4501: 4496: 4490: 4482: 4481: 4476: 4470: 4462: 4461: 4456: 4450: 4442: 4441: 4436: 4430: 4422: 4421: 4416: 4410: 4402: 4396: 4392: 4391: 4383: 4379: 4363: 4362: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4345: 4342: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4330: 4326: 4315: 4312: 4301: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4080: 4076: 4073: 4069: 4066: 4063: 4060: 4056: 4053: 4050: 4046: 4043: 4039: 4036: 4032: 4029: 4025: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4011: 4007: 4004: 4001: 3998: 3995: 3992: 3989: 3986: 3983: 3980: 3977: 3974: 3971: 3968: 3965: 3962: 3959: 3956: 3955: 3950: 3947: 3946: 3943: 3938: 3926: 3925: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3894:Montgomery's 3893: 3890: 3886: 3883: 3879: 3876: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3862: 3858: 3853: 3846: 3843: 3839: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3802: 3798: 3797:Garter banner 3794: 3793: 3784: 3777: 3772: 3769: 3765: 3764:Garter banner 3762:Montgomery's 3758: 3753: 3746: 3741: 3740: 3739: 3738:, Hampshire. 3737: 3733: 3729: 3721: 3718:, London, by 3717: 3712: 3703: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3688: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3668: 3666: 3662: 3661:Egyptian Army 3657: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3637: 3634: 3629: 3627: 3621: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3593: 3579: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3568: 3562: 3560: 3555: 3553: 3549: 3544: 3542: 3538: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3524: 3514: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3490: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3468: 3463: 3454: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3443:field marshal 3440: 3435: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3420: 3418: 3417:Lord Chalfont 3414: 3409: 3401: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3383: 3379: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3357: 3343: 3341: 3336: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3320: 3318: 3317:Antony Beevor 3314: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3298: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3264: 3262: 3258: 3253: 3251: 3247: 3241: 3239: 3235: 3230: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3200: 3196: 3195:Georgy Zhukov 3192: 3188: 3183: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3160: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3140: 3135: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3119: 3114: 3111: 3107: 3104: 3100: 3094: 3090: 3087: 3080: 3076: 3075:John Anderson 3071: 3067: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3035: 3032: 3025: 3023: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3006: 3002: 3001:rolling stock 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2972: 2970: 2965: 2959: 2952: 2948: 2943: 2939: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2920: 2915: 2911: 2908: 2907:Leopold Canal 2902: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2890: 2884: 2883: 2877: 2872: 2868: 2866: 2861: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2850: 2849:Witte Brigade 2844: 2842: 2838: 2832: 2830: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2801: 2798: 2791: 2788: 2783: 2781: 2777: 2771: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2743: 2736: 2732: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2691: 2686: 2682: 2674: 2670: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2655: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2634: 2630: 2627: 2621: 2616: 2614: 2608: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2595: 2591: 2582: 2578: 2577:Miles Dempsey 2574: 2570: 2566: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2526: 2522: 2517: 2513: 2511: 2507: 2497: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2487:Brigadeführer 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2467: 2461: 2457: 2449: 2445: 2440: 2436: 2434: 2430: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2402: 2398: 2395: 2391: 2388: 2384: 2383:Field Marshal 2380: 2376: 2373: 2372:Major-General 2370:. From left, 2369: 2364: 2359: 2349: 2347: 2342: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2311: 2307: 2304: 2301:, as part of 2300: 2296: 2292: 2291:Mark W. Clark 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2271:Italian roads 2267: 2263: 2262:Miles Dempsey 2259: 2255: 2248: 2244: 2243:Miles Dempsey 2240: 2236: 2232: 2227: 2220: 2215: 2206: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2182:George Patton 2180: 2176: 2172: 2169: 2165: 2162: 2158: 2149: 2140: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2117: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2092: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2071: 2068: 2061: 2057: 2052: 2043: 2041: 2037: 2036:Sherman tanks 2032: 2027: 2024: 2015: 2006: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1992: 1988: 1979: 1975: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1960: 1956: 1955:51st Highland 1951: 1947: 1943: 1937: 1935: 1929: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1842: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1811: 1807: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1788:James Gammell 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1764: 1763:210th Brigade 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1739: 1735: 1733: 1723: 1714: 1711: 1706: 1704: 1699: 1695: 1689: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1655: 1653: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1612: 1608: 1603: 1599: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1545: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1516: 1511: 1509: 1505: 1500: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1481:British India 1478: 1474: 1470: 1459: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1439: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1419: 1417: 1416:Oswald Carver 1413: 1409: 1404: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1380: 1377: 1371: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1354: 1352: 1348: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1331: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1310:Field Marshal 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1216: 1212: 1210: 1206: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1190:33rd Division 1187: 1186:Western Front 1183: 1179: 1178:104th Brigade 1175: 1174:112th Brigade 1171: 1170:brigade major 1165: 1161: 1159: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1112: 1111:35th Division 1108: 1107:104th Brigade 1104: 1099: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1069:and then the 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1023: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 992: 990: 986: 982: 981:British India 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 912: 910: 906: 902: 901:Western Union 898: 894: 889: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 822: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 783:Western Front 780: 776: 772: 768: 763: 761: 757: 753: 749: 746: 742: 736: 669: 662: 655: 648: 641: 637: 634: 633:Field Marshal 620: 619: 601: 592: 588: 584: 580: 573: 570: 567: 564: 561: 558: 557: 555: 551: 529: 525: 518: 515: 513: 510: 508: 505: 503: 500: 499: 497: 493: 485: 482: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 454: 453: 450: 448: 445: 441: 438: 436: 433: 432: 431: 428: 424: 421: 419: 416: 414: 411: 407: 404: 403: 402: 399: 398: 397: 394: 390: 387: 385: 382: 381: 380: 377: 371: 368: 366: 363: 362: 361: 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 342: 341: 338: 334: 331: 329: 326: 325: 324: 321: 320: 319: 316: 314: 311: 309: 306: 304: 301: 300: 298: 294: 287: 283: 280: 276: 273: 270: 267: 264: 261: 258: 255: 252: 249: 246: 243: 240: 237: 234: 231: 228: 225: 222: 219: 216: 213: 210: 207: 204: 201: 198: 195: 192: 191: 189: 185: 182: 179: 175: 171: 169: 165: 162: 161:Field marshal 159: 155: 151: 147: 144: 141: 135: 131: 127: 122: 117: 113: 109: 101:24 March 1976 100: 96: 92: 80: 76: 69: 66: 65: 63: 59: 52: 47: 40: 37: 33: 19: 11557: 11473:World War II 11294: 11173:Earl Roberts 11138:Duke of York 11128:Duke of York 11123:Lord Amherst 11118:Henry Conway 11113:Lord Amherst 11042:British Army 10983: 10951: 10947:New creation 10946: 10920: 10915: 10896: 10869: 10860: 10853: 10844: 10819: 10794: 10767: 10742:GOC, V Corps 10740: 10711:GOC II Corps 10709: 10682: 10655: 10646: 10639:William Robb 10627: 10589: 10562: 10515: 10496: 10467: 10448: 10438: 10418: 10390: 10365: 10344: 10314: 10293: 10271: 10250: 10240: 10220: 10210: 10191: 10165: 10139: 10120: 10101: 10091: 10063: 10044: 10028:. Papermac. 10025: 10006: 9987: 9966: 9945: 9925: 9902: 9883: 9864: 9845: 9826: 9807: 9788: 9766: 9756: 9731: 9710: 9691: 9672: 9649: 9639: 9630: 9608: 9586: 9564: 9541: 9521: 9502: 9483: 9463: 9453: 9428: 9424: 9412:. Retrieved 9401:. Atheneum. 9396: 9371: 9350: 9328: 9307: 9288: 9266: 9247: 9225: 9206: 9187: 9168: 9160:Bibliography 9146: 9137: 9126: 9117: 9106: 9083: 9074: 9063: 9054: 9043: 9034: 9023: 9014: 9003: 8994: 8983: 8974: 8963: 8954: 8942:. Retrieved 8938: 8929: 8918: 8909: 8898: 8889: 8878: 8869: 8858: 8849: 8838: 8829: 8820: 8810: 8798:. Retrieved 8795:"RLC Museum" 8789: 8776: 8767: 8755:. Retrieved 8751:the original 8741: 8729:. Retrieved 8719: 8707:. Retrieved 8697: 8685:. Retrieved 8675: 8663:. Retrieved 8656:the original 8643: 8631:. Retrieved 8627: 8618: 8606:. Retrieved 8602: 8593: 8581:. Retrieved 8577: 8568: 8556:. Retrieved 8544: 8535: 8523:. Retrieved 8509: 8494: 8489: 8465: 8458: 8446: 8434: 8422: 8411: 8399:. 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Penguin. 9736:. Sceptre. 9653:. Pimlico. 9611:. Penguin. 9291:. Penguin. 9244:Buckley, J. 9143:"No. 39282" 9123:"No. 37853" 9103:"No. 37853" 9080:"No. 38571" 9060:"No. 37853" 9040:"No. 36769" 9020:"No. 36569" 9000:"No. 37204" 8980:"No. 37138" 8960:"No. 37853" 8915:"No. 31109" 8895:"No. 36327" 8875:"No. 36065" 8855:"No. 37119" 8835:"No. 37807" 8709:13 November 8665:17 November 8633:11 December 8608:11 December 8583:11 December 8558:11 December 8439:Baxter 1999 8345:Baxter 1999 8306:6 September 8230:"No. 37407" 8207:"No. 41508" 8187:"No. 39352" 7729:Baxter 1999 7526:17 November 7491:17 November 7038:"No. 36680" 6978:Badsey 1990 6954:Badsey 1990 6942:Badsey 1990 6930:Badsey 1990 6918:Badsey 1990 6903:Badsey 1990 6886:Badsey 1990 6820:Baxter 1999 6796:Powers 1992 6757:Keegan 1994 6745:Keegan 1994 6733:D'Este 1983 6695:Powers 1992 6683:Baxter 1999 6671:Baxter 1999 6561:D'Este 1983 6549:Badsey 1990 6537:Badsey 1990 6513:Badsey 1990 6498:Badsey 1990 6486:Badsey 1990 6474:D'Este 1983 6462:Badsey 1990 6435:Powers 1992 6399:D'Este 1983 6387:D'Este 1983 6375:Badsey 1990 6354:Badsey 1990 6337:Badsey 1990 6325:Badsey 1990 6310:Powers 1992 6277:Powers 1992 6250:Badsey 1990 6233:Powers 1992 6221:Keegan 1994 6206:, p. 8 6102:"No. 36125" 6009:"No. 35782" 5947:, p. 9 5902:"No. 35746" 5728:"No. 35397" 5708:"No. 35224" 5673:"No. 34909" 5641:"No. 34893" 5437:"No. 34566" 5417:"No. 34566" 5397:"No. 34426" 5377:"No. 34426" 5357:"No. 34075" 5337:"No. 34067" 5317:"No. 33681" 5297:"No. 33460" 5172:"No. 33128" 5152:"No. 33083" 5092:"No. 32207" 5060:"No. 31799" 5040:"No. 31585" 4999:"No. 30884" 4936:"No. 29080" 4916:"No. 28992" 4866:"No. 28382" 4846:"No. 28178" 4555:"No. 41599" 4535:"No. 43160" 4515:"No. 37826" 4495:"No. 42240" 4475:"No. 37589" 4455:"No. 41182" 4435:"No. 37983" 4415:"No. 40729" 4344:Tex Banwell 3919:Harry's Bar 3904:Worthy Down 3896:Rolls-Royce 3819:Oscar Nemon 3720:Oscar Nemon 3692:teetotaller 3665:Six-Day War 3650:Vietnam War 3646:Moshe Dayan 3601:Lord Wavell 3552:Leatherhead 3537:Winkle Club 3467:New Zealand 3371:Rokossovsky 3292:Personality 3234:Ruhr Pocket 3225:during the 3106:offensive. 3022:in spite of 2997:locomotives 2787:Falaise Gap 2748:Guy Simonds 2733:(left) and 2701:John Keegan 2202:US II Corps 2129:Mareth Line 2054:Men of the 1890:Eighth Army 1580:Alan Brooke 1534:Arab revolt 1489:Indian Army 1431:septicaemia 1324:County Cork 1219:Montgomery. 1209:Second Army 1020:Lough Foyle 884:, south of 878:Ruhr Pocket 824:During the 281:(1931–1934) 274:(1937–1938) 268:(1938–1939) 262:(1939–1940) 250:(1940–1941) 238:(1941–1942) 232:(1942–1943) 230:Eighth Army 220:(1944–1945) 214:(1945–1946) 208:(1946–1948) 202:(1948–1951) 196:(1951–1958) 123:, Hampshire 61:Nickname(s) 11609:Categories 11487:Lord Keyes 10989:1947–1963 10957:1946–1976 10926:1951–1958 10902:1946–1948 10875:1945–1946 10850:1944–1945 10825:1942–1943 10800:1941–1942 10746:1940–1941 10688:1939–1940 10661:1938–1939 10633:1937–1938 10224:. 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London. 8944:22 October 8578:Britannica 7599:5 February 7573:21 October 7467:Speer 1970 7405:Pogue 1954 7393:Pogue 1954 7381:Pogue 1954 7351:Urban 2005 7025:Urban 2005 6966:Urban 2005 6874:Urban 2005 6853:Urban 2005 6784:Urban 2005 6659:Urban 2005 6638:Urban 2005 6621:Urban 2005 6609:Urban 2005 6597:Urban 2005 6585:Urban 2005 6573:Urban 2005 6450:Urban 2005 6149:25 October 6087:required.) 4773:, p. 4587:18 January 4369:References 4005:(US, 1947) 3975:(UK, 1914) 3963:(UK, 1946) 3949:Viscountcy 3696:vegetarian 3609:Auchinleck 3576:Rolleiflex 3572:Swiss Alps 3378:Sokolovsky 3346:Later life 2898:Terry Copp 2696:Mark Urban 2613:Terry Copp 2490:Kurt Meyer 2377:, General 2356:See also: 2106:, General 2102:, General 2046:El Alamein 1854:See also: 1775:Cape Verde 1755:peaked cap 1662:See also: 1647:River Dyle 1621:, and the 1576:the clergy 1558:Phoney war 1524:, General 1515:amphibious 1469:War Office 1435:amputation 1433:following 1359:'Shinners' 1239:(then the 1200:, part of 1182:Lancashire 1083:lieutenant 941:Ascendancy 927:minister, 921:Kennington 915:Early life 907:'s Deputy 708: ... 129:Allegiance 91:Kennington 84:1887-11-17 11548:Lord Gort 11492:Lord Cork 10916:New title 10861:New title 10647:New title 10488:464095648 10410:219971286 10370:. Irwin. 10082:922926980 9929:. Knopf. 9445:151600903 9310:. Auram. 9246:(2014) . 8773:"History" 8553:0362-4331 8401:16 August 8269:"History" 8163:Mead 2007 8125:Mead 2007 7949:Hart 2007 7937:Hart 2007 7925:Hart 2007 7913:Hart 2007 7901:Hart 2007 7889:Hart 2007 7877:Hart 2007 7865:Hart 2007 7286:Copp 2006 7235:Copp 1981 7211:Copp 1981 7199:Copp 1981 7187:Copp 1981 7175:Copp 1981 7124:Copp 1981 7075:Copp 1981 6411:Copp 2004 6204:Hart 2007 6175:Mead 2007 6121:Mead 2007 5695:Mead 2007 5571:Mead 2015 5525:Mead 2015 5510:Mead 2015 4756:29 August 4709:Chapter V 4374:Citations 4067:(Belgium) 3859:in London 3827:Whitehall 3716:Whitehall 3700:Christian 3677:apartheid 2964:Walcheren 2919:George VI 2887:HMS 2880:HMS 2555:Waffen SS 2551:Wehrmacht 2479:Das Reich 2040:M7 Priest 1991:cap badge 1946:XXX Corps 1819:XII Corps 1796:Hampshire 1635:exercises 1631:offensive 1596:chaplains 1572:Lord Gort 1508:brigadier 1477:Palestine 1448:Red Cross 1231:) of the 1119:Great War 973:Inishowen 813:and then 801:. 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NAL. 9414:20 July 9308:Alamein 8800:15 July 8525:28 June 8148:24 June 3911:martini 3842:commune 3736:Binsted 3587:Memoirs 3469:in 1947 3447:I Corps 3434:(CAS). 3375:General 3250:Rostock 3246:Hamburg 2928:Aintree 2829:Scheldt 2780:Alençon 2506:Antwerp 2446:of the 2397:Simonds 2335:Biferno 2331:Termoli 2297:, near 2295:Salerno 2279:Taranto 2194:Palermo 2161:General 2086:Tunisia 1942:X Corps 1792:V Corps 1682:Louvain 1594:senior 1485:colonel 1376:Macroom 1349:of the 1344:Colonel 1302:Cologne 1287:captain 1202:General 1139:Méteren 1125:of the 1004:Ireland 996:Moville 886:Hamburg 817:(GOC), 797:of the 771:Méteren 748:officer 710: 547: 539: 535: 248:V Corps 121:Binsted 67:"Monty" 10522: 10503: 10486: 10476: 10455: 10425: 10408: 10398: 10374: 10351: 10321: 10302: 10279: 10258: 10228: 10198: 10172: 10146: 10127: 10108: 10080: 10070: 10051: 10032: 10013: 9994: 9975: 9952: 9933: 9909: 9890: 9871: 9852: 9833: 9814: 9795: 9773: 9740: 9717: 9698: 9679: 9657: 9615: 9593: 9571: 9549: 9528: 9509: 9490: 9471: 9443: 9405: 9379: 9358: 9337: 9314: 9295: 9273: 9254: 9232: 9213: 9194: 9175: 8757:1 July 8731:1 July 8687:1 July 8551: 8501: 8477: 8279:14 May 8107: 8084: 8065: 8042: 8005: 7831:26 May 7658: 7641: 7111: 7008: 6718:6 June 6081: 6075:1 July 5850:28 May 5591: 5545: 5464: 5119: 4690:17 May 4397: 3790:Legacy 3607:, and 3367:Zhukov 3361:Soviet 3077:, GOC 2889:Erebus 2768:Nantes 2626:bocage 2523:, GOC 2379:Crerar 2299:Naples 2166:, the 2143:Sicily 1934:Rommel 1866:, and 1831:Surrey 1827:Sussex 1800:Dorset 1771:Azores 1751:Dorset 1670:, and 1643:Plan D 1639:Allies 1627:German 1609:, GOC 1497:Quetta 1291:brevet 1035:Bishop 977:Ulster 945:gentry 754:, the 495:Awards 288:(1919) 256:(1940) 244:(1941) 226:(1944) 139:branch 115:Buried 9441:S2CID 8727:. BBC 8659:(PDF) 8652:(PDF) 5773:Ismay 4668:7 May 3887:from 3870:Grant 3706:Death 3599:with 3103:USAAF 3086:SHAEF 2989:Rhine 2983:with 2652:Ultra 2420:Seine 2375:Vokes 2209:Italy 2038:, 90 2031:Malta 2003:Smuts 1910:Cairo 1878:Grant 1747:Poole 1495:) in 1462:1930s 1294:major 1245:Lille 1137:. At 1077:as a 1048:David 961:Vicar 850:D-Day 769:. 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