88:. Clayton McGehee argues that the finding aid became preferred by archivists and repositories as a means of organizing their collections because it allowed for them to intellectually and physically control the items they held. Archivists could acquire, deaccession, redact, and reorganize materials. The finding aids could reflect these changes to the collection, but also reflected that only the archivists would know about these changes to the collection. Paper based collections with finding aids ensured that patrons would have to rely upon the archivist to find and utilize materials.
238:
that in order to remain in touch with the rapid share and spread of information, finding aids must interact with digital libraries. Laura Farley argued that both of these concerns about the speed of changing information and the need to adapt, could be supplemented by adding user annotations to online finding aids. Farley also noted that user submissions can help archivists highlight useful items not indicated in the extant finding aid. She concludes that
242:
Online participatory finding aids with user annotations are feasible for a repository of any size and budget, and will result in more complete resources for users and archivists...To be successful in reaching users, archivists must open themselves to new collaborations with diverse communities beyond
237:
Freund and Toms asserted that collections become digitally accessible in greater frequency, archivists can no longer be expected to assist users at their every need. Clayton McGehee expressed concern about the lack of interaction between finding aids of different libraries and repositories. He argued
130:
calls for a basic description of the collection, a list of controlled vocabulary terms, administrative information, biographical information, scope and content, arrangement, description of components, and other descriptive data. In the absence of a universal standard for finding aids, these elements
167:
section that contains information about using the collection, such as terms of access and restrictions. Usage issues that may affect researchers could include donor agreements restricting access, copyright information, the collection's history of ownership, any additional formats the collection may
91:
The contents of finding aids may differ depending on the types of material being described. Usually, a finding aid includes a description of the scope of the collection, biographical and historical information related to the collection, and restrictions on use of or access to the materials. Finding
201:
is a list of the collection's materials down to the box and folder level. Series descriptions containing the title, dates of coverage, and a brief description of the contents of each series. Series descriptions may also include the range of containers, a statement of the type of arrangement, and a
83:
Finding aids exist as a central tool for user and archivist interaction with archival collections. Freund and Toms note that finding aids became the preferred means of user mediation with a collection, as a result of the print nature of most historical materials. They go on to explain that the
225:
Candida Fenton writes, "Encoded
Archival Description Document Type Definition (EAD DTD) is a non proprietary encoding standard which specifies the structure of an electronic archival finding aid. The standard was developed in response to the growing role of networks in accessing information
71:. In the 21st century, they can be created in electronic formats like spreadsheets or databases. The standard machine-readable format for manuscript collection finding aids, widely used in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Australia and elsewhere, is
66:
The history of finding aids mirrors the history of information. Ancient
Sumerians had their own systems of indexes to locate bureaucratic and administrative records. Finding aids in the 19th and 20th centuries were paper documents, such as lists or
151:
is usually the first section of a finding aid, containing information about the collection's creator, the physical space the collection occupies in the archive, and the date range and an abstract of its documents. A
1447:
156:
describes a collection from the perspective of the time period it was created, providing background information on a person or organization. It can also describe the history of the collection. The
229:
However, the hierarchical format of EAD finding aids has caused some controversy among users, as archivists have noted that it perpetuates the same confusions regarding finding aids for users.
63:. The finding aid serves the purpose of locating specific information within the collection. The finding aid can also help the archival repository manage their materials and resources.
1905:
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note briefly explains the collection's provenance, its arrangement and date range, and in general what kind of materials it contains—letters, reports, photographs, audio/video, etc.
1896:
1442:
222:(EAD) was created in 1998 for the use of finding aids in an online environment. Its creation allowed for a consistent national standard in the US for finding aid terminology.
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are generally a list of subject headings, any personal, corporate, or family names, geographical headings, and genre terms that relate to the contents of the collection.
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39:. Finding aids often consist of a documentary inventory and description of the materials, their source, and their structure. The finding aid for a
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Scheir, Wendy (2006). "First entry: report on a qualitative exploratory study of novice user experience with online finding aids".
104:, and may cross-refer to related collections in other repositories. The data elements essential to finding aids are defined by the
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finding aid within this print-based form is designed to describe a single collection or arrangement from a similar
511:"ISAD(G): General International Standard Archival Description, Second edition | International Council on Archives"
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contains details of related materials, language, citation instructions, any sponsors, and the date of processing.
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is the manner in which the collection has been ordered (generally in accordance, as far as practicable, with its
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the academic world, relinquishing the role of record gatekeepers and inviting in open communication with users.
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aids may be detailed inventories that list contents. They may also include subject headings drawn from
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The
Participatory Finding Aid and the Archivist: How User Annotations are Changing Everyone's Role
634:"Library Guides: Primary Sources in Archives & Special Collections: How to Read a Finding Aid"
585:"Library Guides: Primary Sources in Archives & Special Collections: How to Read a Finding Aid"
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424:(April 2016). "Interacting with archival finding aids: Interacting with Archival Finding Aids".
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692:
Fenton, Candida (2010). "Use of controlled vocabulary and thesauri in UK online finding aids".
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McGahee, Clayton (March 2018). "Making
Special Collections Accessible to Users: Finding Aids".
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394:"Development of the Encoded Archival Description DTD (EAD Official Site, Library of Congress)"
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describing archival holdings, and to enable the exchange of records between repositories."
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The process of creating a finding aid often begins with archival description. For example,
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McGahee, Clayton (2018). "Making special collections accessible to users: finding aids".
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294:"Finding Aids for Archival and Manuscript Collections | Rare and Manuscript Collections"
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31:, is an organization tool, a document containing detailed and processed
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and other information about a specific collection of records within an
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536:"LC EAD Best Practices at the Library of Congress (Finding Aids)"
426:
Journal of the
Association for Information Science and Technology
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36:
186:). Hierarchical levels of arrangement are typically composed of
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818:
112:). Various national implementations of ISAD(G) exist, such as
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55:, and may be considered the archival science equivalent of a
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in the
General International Standard Archival Description (
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Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property
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93:
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note on any restrictions for each series (for example, an
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is usually compiled by the collection's entity of origin,
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Conservation and restoration of movable cultural property
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1276:
Digital repository audit method based on risk assessment
609:"levels of arrangement | Society of American Archivists"
1924:
Conservation-restoration of the
Sistine Chapel frescoes
232:
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have, and if the collection is accepting additions.
194:, which in turn contain boxes, folders, and items.
1929:Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty
1065:Mold control and prevention (library and archive)
880:Conservation and restoration of cultural property
415:
413:
1969:
1952:Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies
1942:Conservation response to flood of Arno, Florence
1906:Conservation-restoration of Leonardo da Vinci's
209:
1947:Modern and Contemporary Art Research Initiative
1919:Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin
560:"Standards for Archival Description: Chapter 5"
214:
1883:Conservation issues of Pompeii and Herculaneum
1040:Integrated pest management (cultural property)
410:
345:"finding aid | Society of American Archivists"
321:"finding aid | Society of American Archivists"
804:
1448:Books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera
811:
797:
659:International Journal of Legal Information
453:International Journal of Legal Information
419:
995:Disaster preparedness (cultural property)
204:embargo on public access for a set period
895:Conservation science (cultural property)
656:
450:
115:Describing Archives: A Content Standard
1970:
726:
691:
792:
487:"International Council on Archives |"
694:Journal of the Society of Archivists
631:
582:
315:
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1080:Preservation (library and archive)
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1989:
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233:User interaction and finding aids
206:for reasons of confidentiality).
106:International Council on Archives
1934:Conservation-restoration of the
1810:Indigenous intellectual property
729:Journal of Archival Organization
373:Library and Archives Canada Blog
1045:Inventory (library and archive)
945:Cultural property documentation
755:
720:
685:
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552:
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1443:Bone, horn, and antler objects
985:Digital photograph restoration
503:
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444:
386:
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16:Organization tool for archives
1:
1628:South Asian household shrines
1326:Reconstruction (architecture)
1256:Cultural property radiography
1213:Registrar (cultural property)
965:Cultural resources management
925:Collections management system
210:Digitization and finding aids
134:
1897:Conservation-restoration of
1888:Conservation-restoration of
1261:Detachment of wall paintings
1035:Intangible cultural heritage
950:Cultural property exhibition
935:Cultural heritage management
761:Farley, Laura (2015-05-27).
706:10.1080/00379816.2010.506792
513:. 2010-08-18. Archived from
279:
274:Encoded Archival Description
220:Encoded Archival Description
215:Encoded Archival Description
154:Biographical/Historical Note
128:Encoded Archival Description
73:Encoded Archival Description
7:
1341:Transfer of panel paintings
247:
131:are often used as a basis.
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78:
10:
1994:
1805:Heritage language learning
1075:Optical media preservation
1873:
1845:Oral history preservation
1686:
1415:
1359:
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1128:
960:Cultural property storage
955:Cultural property imaging
830:
783:Sections of a finding aid
1892:by ElĂas GarcĂa MartĂnez
1110:Sustainable preservation
369:"Discover Finding Aids!"
298:rare.library.cornell.edu
1850:Preservation of meaning
1835:Language revitalization
1503:Illuminated manuscripts
1281:Historic paint analysis
1173:Conservation technician
975:Deaccessioning (museum)
915:Collections maintenance
840:Agents of deterioration
1860:Tradition preservation
1513:Iron and steel objects
1402:Outdoor bronze objects
1346:UVC-based preservation
1203:Photograph conservator
1168:Conservation scientist
920:Collections management
850:Archaeological science
785:from Purdue University
245:
170:Additional Information
1865:Traditional knowledge
1830:Language preservation
1438:Ancient Greek pottery
1336:Textile stabilization
1198:Paintings conservator
1085:Preservation metadata
970:Database preservation
824:historic preservation
741:10.1300/j201v03n04_04
638:guides.lib.purdue.edu
589:guides.lib.purdue.edu
240:
102:controlled vocabulary
1653:Time-based media art
1463:Copper-based objects
1377:Archaeological sites
1306:Mass deacidification
1251:Cradling (paintings)
1163:Conservator-restorer
990:Digital preservation
23:, in the context of
1957:World Heritage Site
1820:Indigenous language
1720:Endangered language
1618:Shipwreck artifacts
1598:Photographic plates
1548:Musical instruments
1301:Lining of paintings
1218:Textile conservator
1193:Objects conservator
1183:Exhibition designer
1090:Preservation survey
1015:Found in collection
905:Collection (museum)
875:Calendar (archives)
845:Archival processing
613:www2.archivists.org
349:www2.archivists.org
325:www2.archivists.org
264:Calendar (archives)
259:Archival Processing
149:Summary Information
145:Collection Overview
53:archival processing
1815:Indigenous culture
1158:Collection manager
1055:Media preservation
1050:Inventory (museum)
910:Collection catalog
671:10.1017/jli.2018.2
465:10.1017/jli.2018.2
118:, used in the US.
61:collection catalog
1965:
1964:
1914:Pompeian frescoes
1800:Heritage language
1690:cultural heritage
1478:Flags and banners
1423:cultural property
1387:Heritage railways
1367:cultural property
1316:Paleo-inspiration
1000:Film preservation
940:Cultural property
930:Cultural heritage
820:Cultural heritage
438:10.1002/asi.23436
158:Scope and Content
141:Basic Description
29:archival research
1985:
1978:Archival science
1901:by Thomas Eakins
1899:The Gross Clinic
1795:Folklore studies
1705:Applied folklore
1678:Wooden furniture
1673:Wooden artifacts
1668:Woodblock prints
1648:Tibetan thangkas
1508:Insect specimens
1397:Outdoor artworks
1392:Historic gardens
1025:Heritage science
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1908:The Last Supper
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1765:Folk instrument
1740:Family folklore
1730:Ethnomusicology
1725:Ethnochoreology
1692:
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1603:Plastic objects
1588:Performance art
1573:Panel paintings
1568:Painting frames
1533:Leather objects
1453:Ceramic objects
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1419:and restoration
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1236:Aging (artwork)
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432:(4): 994–1008.
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700:(2): 187–205.
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1780:Folk process
1735:Ethnopoetics
1693:preservation
1553:Neon objects
1426:by item type
1417:Conservation
1370:by item type
1361:Conservation
1311:Overpainting
1271:Display case
1100:Repatriation
1004:
762:
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735:(4): 49–85.
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665:(1): 31–38.
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519:. Retrieved
515:the original
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494:. Retrieved
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459:(1): 31–38.
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377:. Retrieved
375:. 2012-02-28
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199:Content List
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174:Search Terms
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113:
90:
82:
65:
59:or a museum
20:
18:
1936:H.L. Hunley
1715:Early music
1663:Vinyl discs
1658:Totem poles
1593:Photographs
1538:Lighthouses
1528:Lacquerware
1483:Fur objects
1421:of movable
1351:VisualAudio
1296:Leafcasting
1241:Anastylosis
1188:Mount maker
1148:Art handler
1005:Finding aid
855:Archaeology
190:containing
180:Arrangement
100:, or other
69:index cards
47:, or by an
21:finding aid
1775:Folk music
1755:Folk dance
1688:Intangible
1286:Inpainting
1153:Auctioneer
1143:Art dealer
1095:Provenance
900:Collecting
833:and issues
643:2018-04-05
618:2018-10-20
594:2018-04-19
569:2018-04-05
545:2018-04-23
521:2018-04-01
496:2018-04-01
403:2018-04-01
379:2018-04-01
354:2019-04-15
330:2018-04-01
303:2018-03-25
135:Components
86:provenance
45:provenance
1890:Ecce Homo
1785:Folk play
1638:Taxidermy
1583:Parchment
1563:Paintings
1138:Archivist
749:1533-2748
714:0037-9816
679:0731-1265
473:0731-1265
280:Footnotes
49:archivist
1972:Category
1876:projects
1790:Foodways
1750:Folk art
1745:Folklore
1643:Textiles
1493:Herbaria
1468:Feathers
1433:Aircraft
1291:Kintsugi
1115:Treasure
248:See also
122:Creation
79:Overview
33:metadata
1874:Notable
1578:Papyrus
1523:Judaica
1382:Frescos
1227:Methods
1178:Curator
860:Archive
540:loc.gov
491:ica.org
398:loc.gov
110:ISAD(G)
51:during
37:archive
1543:Metals
1458:Clocks
1070:Museum
1060:Midden
831:Topics
747:
712:
677:
471:
192:series
1129:Roles
1105:Ruins
1010:Fonds
269:Fonds
147:, or
41:fonds
1473:Film
870:Book
822:and
767:OCLC
745:ISSN
710:ISSN
675:ISSN
469:ISSN
197:The
163:The
139:The
94:LCSH
27:and
737:doi
702:doi
667:doi
461:doi
434:doi
98:AAT
1974::
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