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of the second century C.E. Lacking Paul's characteristic ideas about faith and the Spirit, they are also un-Pauline in their flat style and different vocabulary (containing 306 words not found in Paul's unquestioned letters). Furthermore, the pastorals assume a church organization far more developed than that current in the apostle's time.
864:
and ten of the canonical
Pauline epistles excluding 1–2 Timothy and Titus. The reasons for these exclusions are unknown, and so speculation abounds, including the hypotheses that they were not written until after Marcion's time, or that he knew of them, but regarded them as inauthentic. Proponents of
1779:
In the opinion of most scholars, the case against Paul's connection with the pastorals is overwhelming. Besides the fact that they do not appear in early lists of Paul's canonical works, the pastorals seem to reflect conditions that prevailed long after Paul's day, perhaps as late as the first half
803:
As evidence for this perspective, they put forward that the pastoral epistles contain 306 words that Paul does not use in his unquestioned letters, that their style of writing is different from that of his unquestioned letters, that they reflect conditions and a church organization not current in
1760:
While seven of the letters attributed to Paul are almost universally accepted as authentic (Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians, Philemon), four are just as widely judged to be pseudepigraphal, i.e., written by unknown authors under Paul's name: Ephesians and the
1861:
Can we find, nevertheless, in the light of the contents of the letters, a common key to the understanding of all three? One common factor is to be found in the attack upon heretics, but this does not really stand in the forefront of any of the letters. I Tim. and Tit. are concerned rather with
1098:
The epistle opens by stating that it was written by Paul, to
Timothy. Paul reminds Timothy that he has asked Timothy to stay in Ephesus and prevent false teaching of the law by others. Paul says that law is to be applied to sinners like rebels, murderers, and the sexually immoral. The list of
1147:
The author discusses a list of widows to be supported by the church, setting restrictions on the types of women to help: only old widows who never remarry and who prioritize their family are to receive help. Widows younger than sixty have sensual desires that may cause them to remarry.
873:
says, since in 1 Timothy 6:20 "false opposing arguments" are referred to, with the word for "opposing arguments" being "antithesis", the name of
Marcion's work, and so a subtle hint of Marcion's heresy. However, the structure of the Church presupposed is less developed than the one
1569:
chapter 14 has the phrase "faith and love toward Christ Jesus," which parallels "faith and love which are in Christ Jesus" from 1 Timothy 1:14. This same passage of
Ignatius goes on to say "the end is love," which parallels 1 Timothy 1:5, "The end of our instruction is
2239:
1862:
codified 'rules' or 'rules' required to be codified, for the ministry among other things. 2 Tim. also deals with the ministry, not in the sense of laying down rules, but rather that
Timothy in fulfilling his ministry should follow the example of Paul.
1678:
The
Pastorals have certainly been regarded as Paul's since the latter half of the second century, for they were so used by Theophilus of Antioch and Irenaeus of Lyons and are to be found in the Muratorian list. Before that time they were open to
767:(1:3). These counsels include instructions on the organization of the Church and the responsibilities resting on certain groups of leaders therein as well as exhortations to faithfulness in maintaining the truth amid surrounding errors.
994:
and 1 Timothy which cluster around a 14 verse section in 1 Timothy 1. If these parallels between
Ignatius and 1 Timothy represent a literary dependence by Ignatius, this would move the date of 1 Timothy even earlier. However,
885:) presupposes, as well as the fact that not only is "antithesis" itself a Greek word which simply means "opposing arguments" but as it has been noted, the attack on the heretics is not central to the three letters.
1143:
Leaders of the church are to conduct themselves in a manner worthy of respect, avoiding overindulgence in wine and managing their affairs well. Timothy is advised to avoid false teachings and focus on the truth.
816:, where there is a high probability that 1 and 2 Tim were known to him". Similarly M. W. Holmes argued that it is "virtually certain or highly probable" that Polycarp used 1 and 2 Timothy. Scholars
1041:
5259, designated P133, in 2017. It comes from a leaf of a codex which is dated to the 3rd century (330–360). Other early manuscripts containing some or all of the text of this book are:
770:
Most modern scholars consider the pastoral epistles to have been written after Paul's death, although "a small and declining number of scholars still argue for
Pauline authorship".
1486:
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20:
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By the end of the twentieth century New
Testament scholarship was virtually unanimous in affirming that the Pastoral Epistles were written some time after Paul's death.
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1481:. Some theologians have interpreted it to mean that all women should be subordinate to all men, and others to mean women should not teach, pray, or speak in public.
970:
Modern scholars generally place its composition some time in the late 1st century or first half of the 2nd century AD, with a wide margin of uncertainty. The term
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should respect their masters, especially if their masters are believers. People should avoid envy and avoid the temptation to focus on becoming rich because "the
2059:
865:
Pauline authorship argue that he had theological grounds for rejecting the pastorals, namely their teaching about the goodness of creation (cf. 1 Timothy 4:1
800:, are not the work of Paul, but of an unidentified Christian writing some time in the late-first to mid-second centuries. Most scholars now affirm this view.
490:
792:). Nineteenth- and twentieth-century scholarship questioned the authenticity of the letter, with many scholars suggesting that First Timothy, along with
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In closing, Timothy is told he should continue to "fight the good fight of the faith" by helping others to be virtuous and by running his church well.
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hen we come to the
Pastoral epistles, there is greater scholarly unanimity. These three letters are widely regarded by scholars as non-Pauline.
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has been the source of considerable controversy concerning gender equality. Some denominations use it as a justification to deny the
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works. Modern scholars who support Pauline authorship nevertheless stress their importance regarding the question of authenticity:
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Holmes, MW, "Polycarp's 'Letter to the Philippians' and the Writings that later formed the NT", in Gregory & Tuckett (2005),
788:, although in pre-Nicene Christianity this attribution was open to dispute. He is named as the author of the letter in the text (
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epistle are understood as a literary dependence by the latter on the former, as is generally accepted, this would constitute a
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chapter 3 shares the phrase "teach strange doctrines" with 1 Timothy 1:3 as a description of theological opponents. Ignatius'
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2006:"Philip Schaff: ANF01. The Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus - Christian Classics Ethereal Library"
1893:"Philip Schaff: ANF01. The Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus - Christian Classics Ethereal Library"
1875:"Philip Schaff: ANF01. The Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus - Christian Classics Ethereal Library"
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1911:"Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume V/Caius/Fragments of Caius/Canon Muratorianus - Wikisource, the free online library"
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1006:) is the earliest author to clearly and unequivocally describe the letter to Timothy and attribute it to Paul.
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believe that Polycarp was the actual author of First Timothy, which would date its composition to
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argues that a small change to early Greek versions of verse 3:16 increased textual support for
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The epistle details the roles of men and women in its second chapter, particularly the verse
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19:"Kündlich groß ist das gottselige Geheimnis" redirects here. For the work by Stölzel, see
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911:) lists the books of the New Testament and ascribes all three pastoral epistles to Paul.
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from which true godliness springs is great: He appeared in the flesh, was vindicated..."
962:), although it is difficult to determine the nature of any such literary relationships.
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869:.). The question remains whether Marcion knew these three letters and rejected them as
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Berding, K. (1999). "Polycarp of Smyrna's View of the Authorship of 1 and 2 Timothy".
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chapter 11, shares the phrase "Jesus, who is our hope" with 1 Timothy 1:1. Ignatius'
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I do not permit a woman to teach or to have authority over a man; she must be silent.
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The New Testament: A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings
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Shao, Jessica. P.Oxy. 81.5259: 1 Timothy 3:13–4:8 / GA P133 in G. Smith
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Late in the 2nd century there are a number of quotations from all three
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Invitation to Christian Ethics: Moral Reasoning and Contemporary Issues
1991:
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Textual variants in the New Testament § First Epistle to Timothy
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The authorship of First Timothy was traditionally attributed to the
759:, consists mainly of counsels to his younger colleague and delegate
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2078:, "Neue neutestamentliche Fragmente der Berliner Papyrussammlung",
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Paul's day, and that they do not appear in early lists of his
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An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture
1100:
740:
926:, "undisputed". Exceptions to this positive witness include
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937:. Possible earlier allusions are found in the letters from
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The earliest known writing of 1 Timothy has been found on
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1742:
As always some scholars dissent from the consensus view.
1256:
Negative Instructions: Stop the False Teachers (1:3–20)
1945:
An Introduction to the Literature of the New Testament
48:
1285:
Positive Instructions: Repair the Church (2:1–6:10)
922:) calls it, along with the other thirteen canonical
21:
Kündlich groß ist das gottselige Geheimnis (Stölzel)
2057:
Two New Greek New Testament Papyri from Oxyrhynchus
1777:(4th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill. p. 366.
1654:, in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001), , p. 1220
1427:Personal Instructions: Pursue Godliness (6:11–21)
3442:
1821:The Reception of the NT in the Apostolic Fathers
1670:(1963). "Chapter 14: The Non-Pauline Epistles".
812:and P. H. Towner wrote that "the key witness is
1409:The Recognition of Prospective Elders (5:21–25)
1289:Restoring the Conduct of the Church (2:1–3:16)
1173:Extract from 1 Timothy 3:16 in the 4th-century
2045:P.Oxy. 5258. Ephesians 3:21-4:2, 14-16 (P 132)
1965:
1963:
1791:
1673:A Historical Introduction to the New Testament
1300:Concerning the Role of Men and Women (2:8–15)
1009:
755:. The letter, traditionally attributed to the
2443:
2322:
1815:
1813:
1758:. Massachusetts: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 9.
1548:. It is most commonly abbreviated as "1 Tim."
1369:Dealing with Groups in the Church (5:1–6:10)
710:
484:
2336:
1756:The Blackwell Companion to the New Testament
1596:. Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2018. p. 991.
1459:
1360:Timothy's Personal Responsibilities (4:6–16)
1109:although there is some debate on the topic.
1960:
1775:The New Testament: A Student's Introduction
1662:
1660:
1316:Instructions on Church Leadership (3:1–13)
1219:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
983:
2450:
2436:
2329:
2315:
1951:
1810:
1726:. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 4.
1462:Kündlich groß ist das gottselige Geheimnis
1403:The Sins of Elders Publicly Rebuked (5:20)
1353:Guarding the Truth in the Church (4:1–16)
1128:The epistle justifies this by saying that
717:
703:
491:
477:
1833:
1724:1 & 2 Timothy and Titus: A Commentary
1400:The Reputation of Elders Protected (5:19)
1239:Learn how and when to remove this message
978:. If the parallels between 1 Timothy and
2102:
2066:, 21 April 2017 (Accessed 11 July 2017).
1698:. Oxford University Press. p. 393.
1657:
1293:Instructions on Public Worship (2:1–15)
1279:The Charge to Timothy Repeated (1:18–20)
1260:Warning against False Teachers (1:3–11)
1168:
1013:
1969:
1942:
1854:
1792:Marshall, I. H.; Towner, P. H. (1999).
1721:
1437:Guard What has been Entrusted (6:20–21)
3443:
2457:
1772:
1761:Pastorals (1 and 2 Timothy and Titus).
1690:
2431:
2310:
1839:
1666:
1434:A Final Word to the Wealthy (6:17–19)
1018:Fragments showing 1 Timothy 2:2–6 on
2109:. Kregel Publications. p. 243.
2069:
1753:
1373:Men and Women, Young and Old (5:1–2)
1276:Paul's Experience of Grace (1:12–17)
1217:adding citations to reliable sources
1184:
1099:lawbreakers includes the Greek word
57:, showing 2 Cor 11:33–12:9
3382:Other books referenced in the Bible
3341:New Testament manuscript categories
1454:, set a line from the epistle as a
1396:The Reputation of Elders (5:19–20)
1158:is the root of all kinds of evil."
1107:translated to mean "homosexual men"
955:) and Polycarp to the Philippians (
13:
2912:Testaments of the Three Patriarchs
1842:The Message of 1 Timothy and Titus
1632:from the original on 21 April 2022
1490:, published posthumously in 1754,
1267:Their Wrong Use of the Law (1:4–7)
1264:The Charge to Timothy Stated (1:3)
1136:, and that Eve was tricked by the
1030:manuscript has been lost, and the
780:Authorship of the Pauline epistles
14:
3482:
2230:First Timothy texts and resources
2223:
1857:Introduction to the New Testament
1610:from the original on 3 June 2021.
1540:The book is sometimes called the
1270:The Right Use of the Law (1:8–11)
2234:
1469:
1304:Men: Pray in a Holy Manner (2:8)
1189:
845:bishop later excommunicated for
523:
457:
445:
47:
3397:Biblical and Quranic narratives
2208:
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2186:
2175:
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2037:
2016:
1998:
1957:Knight, George William, (1992).
1936:
1921:
1903:
1885:
1867:
1848:
1785:
1551:
1542:First Letter of Paul to Timothy
1466:beginning with 1 Timothy 3:16.
1357:In the Face of Apostasy (4:1–5)
1341:Conduct of the Church (3:14–15)
1032:text of surviving copies varies
974:("knowledge") itself occurs in
735:is one of three letters in the
1766:
1747:
1715:
1684:
1644:
1614:
1584:
1534:
1431:Fight the Good Fight (6:11–16)
1393:The Reward of Elders (5:17–18)
1120:translation this verse reads:
948:), Ignatius to the Ephesians (
743:often grouped together as the
53:Papyrus 46, one of the oldest
1:
1844:. Leicester: IVP. p. 23.
1577:
1450:Several composers, including
1307:Women: Quiet Conduct (2:9–15)
1000:
956:
949:
942:
916:
905:
879:
854:
829:
773:
684:Apostles in the New Testament
1796:. T&T Clark. p. 3.
1754:Aune, David E., ed. (2010).
1722:Collins, Raymond F. (2004).
1177:: "Beyond all question, the
7:
3456:2nd-century Christian texts
2244:public domain audiobook at
2080:Archiv für Papyrusforschung
1773:Harris, Stephen L. (2002).
1505:
1363:Spiritual Exercises (4:7–9)
1010:Early surviving manuscripts
10:
3487:
3377:English Bible translations
2765:Song of the Three Children
2024:"5259. 1 Timothy 3:13–4:8"
1622:"Bible Book Abbreviations"
1164:
1101:
1093:
1088:
777:
763:regarding his ministry in
18:
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3231:
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2256:First Epistle to Timothy
2254:
1652:73. The Pastoral Epistles
1517:Second Epistle to Timothy
1297:Concerning Prayer (2:1–7)
1052:Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus
639:Coptic Apocalypse of Paul
411:New Testament manuscripts
16:Book of the New Testament
3451:First Epistle to Timothy
2338:First Epistle to Timothy
2031:5259. 1 Timothy 3:13–4:8
1559:Letter to the Magnesians
1527:
1500:Newton did not subscribe
1445:
1383:Younger Widows (5:11–16)
733:First Epistle to Timothy
3239:Intertestamental period
1943:Moffatt, James (1911).
1567:Letter to the Ephesians
1418:False Teachers (6:3–10)
965:
464:Christianity portal
3223:Apocalyptic literature
2860:Paralipomena of Baruch
2103:Magnuson, Ken (2020).
1930:Ecclesiastical History
1498:, a doctrine to which
1460:
1458:, including Stölzel's
1182:
1126:
1023:
984:
3387:Additional Scriptures
3351:New Testament uncials
1794:The Pastoral Epistles
1452:Johann Sebastian Bach
1380:Older Widows (5:3–10)
1344:Hymn to Christ (3:16)
1172:
1122:
1105:, which is sometimes
1017:
826:Hans von Campenhausen
3372:Bible version debate
3346:New Testament papyri
3292:Samaritan Pentateuch
2917:Testament of Abraham
2855:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
2278:Second Thessalonians
2082:18, 1966. pp. 36-37.
1972:Vigiliae Christianae
1855:Marxsen, W. (1968).
1840:Stott, John (1996).
1626:Logos Bible Software
1213:improve this section
941:to the Corinthians (
689:Pauline Christianity
421:Johannine literature
122:Acts of the Apostles
55:New Testament papyri
3466:New Testament books
3314:Muratorian fragment
3249:New Testament canon
3244:Old Testament canon
3137:Chapters and verses
2755:Additions to Daniel
2721:Additions to Esther
1859:. ET. p. 207.
1479:ordination of women
1070:Codex Claromontanus
1039:Oxyrhynchus Papyrus
876:Ignatius of Antioch
406:New Testament canon
3461:Canonical epistles
2927:Testament of Jacob
2922:Testament of Isaac
2807:Prayer of Manasseh
2770:Bel and the Dragon
2750:Letter of Jeremiah
2291:Books of the Bible
2062:2017-06-28 at the
1676:. Harper and Row.
1563:Letter to Polycarp
1337:Summary (3:14–16)
1327:Qualifications of
1322:Overseers (Elders)
1320:Qualifications of
1253:Salutation (1:1–2)
1183:
1132:was formed before
1076:Codex Coislinianus
1046:Codex Alexandrinus
1024:
1022:, from ca. AD 550.
1020:Codex Coislinianus
986:terminus ante quem
892:in Irenaeus' work
822:I. Howard Marshall
634:Apocalypse of Paul
622:Related literature
536:Pauline literature
332:Book of Revelation
3471:Pastoral epistles
3438:
3437:
3407:Textual criticism
2970:
2969:
2894:Psalms of Solomon
2837:Orthodox Tewahedo
2425:
2424:
2305:
2304:
2296:Succeeded by
2288:
2215:1 Timothy 6:11–20
2149:1 Timothy 2:13–14
1915:en.wikisource.org
1829:978-0-19-926782-8
1603:978-1-4335-6343-0
1456:Christmas cantata
1389:Elders (5:17–25)
1249:
1248:
1241:
930:, as well as the
890:pastoral epistles
745:pastoral epistles
727:
726:
501:
500:
431:Pastoral epistles
264:Catholic epistles
3478:
3287:Dead Sea Scrolls
3269:Dating the Bible
3147:Historical books
2784:Eastern Orthodox
2697:Eastern Orthodox
2685:
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589:2 Thessalonians
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1947:. p. 420.
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2865:Broader canon
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1978:(4): 349–60.
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1705:0-19-515462-2
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1593:ESV Pew Bible
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1470:Controversies
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1198:This section
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1156:love of money
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737:New Testament
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629:Lost epistles
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3325:Vetus Latina
3323:
3306:
3259:Jewish canon
3254:Antilegomena
3156:Poetic Books
3152:Wisdom books
3130:Subdivisions
3060:
3043:
2748: /
2673:Deuterocanon
2593:Lamentations
2573:Ecclesiastes
2480:(protocanon)
2471:Hebrew Bible
2368:Adam and Eve
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2009:
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1692:Ehrman, Bart
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1634:. Retrieved
1625:
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1592:
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1566:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1545:
1544:, or simply
1541:
1536:
1492:Isaac Newton
1485:
1483:
1473:
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1235:
1226:
1211:Please help
1199:
1160:
1150:
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1123:
1111:
1102:ἀρσενοκοίτης
1097:
1036:
1025:
969:
899:
893:
887:
866:
849:, formed an
837:
818:Robert Grant
802:
786:Apostle Paul
783:
769:
757:Apostle Paul
732:
730:
728:
644:Acts of Paul
593:
518:in the Bible
226:
38:Books of the
3430:WikiProject
3308:Diatessaron
3279:Manuscripts
3232:Development
3034:Philippians
2904:Beta Israel
2822:4 Maccabees
2817:3 Maccabees
2731:2 Maccabees
2726:1 Maccabees
2508:Deuteronomy
2182:1 Timothy 5
2171:1 Timothy 4
2160:1 Timothy 3
2092:1 Timothy 1
1650:Drury, C.,
1082:Uncial 0262
1028:Koine Greek
878:(who wrote
860:around the
851:early canon
574:Philippians
195:Philippians
3445:Categories
3367:Authorship
3297:Septuagint
3142:Pentateuch
3121:Revelation
3045:Laodiceans
3039:Colossians
2528:1–2 Samuel
2125:1202739047
2076:Treu, Kurt
1927:Eusebius,
1679:criticism.
1578:References
1557:Ignatius'
1064:Uncial 061
980:Polycarp's
960: 130
953: 110
920: 330
883: 110
871:Tertullian
858: 140
833: 140
774:Authorship
579:Colossians
540:Authorship
346:Authorship
326:Apocalypse
200:Colossians
140:Apocalypse
115:Lukan Acts
3206:Johannine
3066:2 Timothy
3061:1 Timothy
3029:Ephesians
3024:Galatians
2812:Psalm 151
2680:apocrypha
2658:Zechariah
2648:Zephaniah
2533:1–2 Kings
2498:Leviticus
2378:Hymenaeus
2373:Alexander
2241:1 Timothy
1546:1 Timothy
1200:does not
1116:. In the
1048:(400–440)
999:(writing
946: 95
935:Basilides
806:canonical
599:2 Timothy
594:1 Timothy
569:Ephesians
564:Galatians
357:Luke-Acts
232:2 Timothy
227:1 Timothy
184:Ephesians
179:Galatians
3420:Category
3319:Peshitta
3216:Catholic
3211:Pastoral
3196:Epistles
3189:Synoptic
3076:Philemon
2889:2 Baruch
2876:Peshitta
2850:Jubilees
2802:2 Esdras
2797:1 Esdras
2692:Catholic
2643:Habakkuk
2588:Jeremiah
2568:Proverbs
2548:Nehemiah
2264:Pastoral
2246:LibriVox
2060:Archived
2010:ccel.org
1897:ccel.org
1879:ccel.org
1694:(2003).
1636:21 April
1630:Archived
1608:Archived
1506:See also
1331:(3:8–13)
1078:(c. 550)
1072:(c. 550)
1066:(c. 450)
1060:(c. 450)
1054:(c. 450)
997:Irenaeus
992:Ignatius
913:Eusebius
843:orthodox
814:Polycarp
672:See also
609:Philemon
508:a series
506:Part of
425:epistles
248:Philemon
136:Epistles
31:a series
29:Part of
3392:Studies
3360:Related
3331:Vulgate
3201:Pauline
3179:Gospels
3096:2 Peter
3091:1 Peter
3081:Hebrews
2984:Matthew
2874:Syriac
2760:Susanna
2663:Malachi
2623:Obadiah
2598:Ezekiel
2503:Numbers
2488:Genesis
2461:of the
2410:Related
2401:Timothy
2361:Persons
2267:Epistle
2261:Pauline
1992:1584486
1329:Deacons
1324:(3:1–7)
1221:removed
1206:sources
1179:mystery
1165:Outline
1138:serpent
1094:Summary
1089:Content
932:gnostic
839:Marcion
765:Ephesus
761:Timothy
739:of the
538: (
378:Hebrews
284:2 Peter
279:1 Peter
256:Hebrews
89:Matthew
67:Gospels
3425:Portal
3302:Targum
3111:3 John
3106:2 John
3101:1 John
3009:Romans
2962:Jewish
2787:Others
2746:Baruch
2741:Sirach
2736:Wisdom
2716:Judith
2701:Others
2653:Haggai
2603:Daniel
2583:Isaiah
2563:Psalms
2553:Esther
2518:Judges
2513:Joshua
2493:Exodus
2386:Christ
2123:
2113:
1990:
1827:
1800:
1740:
1730:
1702:
1600:
1570:love."
1152:Slaves
972:Gnosis
928:Tatian
847:heresy
824:, and
549:Romans
305:3 John
300:2 John
295:1 John
155:Romans
3086:James
3071:Titus
2845:Enoch
2711:Tobit
2638:Nahum
2633:Micah
2628:Jonah
2608:Hosea
2463:Bible
2459:Books
2383:Jesus
2027:(PDF)
1988:JSTOR
1933:3.3.5
1528:Notes
1446:Music
841:, an
798:Titus
753:Titus
741:Bible
604:Titus
271:James
243:Titus
3184:List
3116:Jude
3004:Acts
2999:John
2994:Luke
2989:Mark
2950:list
2827:Odes
2618:Amos
2613:Joel
2543:Ezra
2523:Ruth
2391:Paul
2352:2:12
2121:OCLC
2111:ISBN
1825:ISBN
1798:ISBN
1728:ISBN
1700:ISBN
1638:2022
1598:ISBN
1204:any
1202:cite
1130:Adam
966:Date
796:and
751:and
731:The
516:Paul
316:Jude
138:and
104:John
99:Luke
94:Mark
71:Acts
69:and
2677:and
2558:Job
1980:doi
1484:In
1215:by
1134:Eve
1118:NIV
790:1:1
3447::
2119:.
2029:.
2008:.
1986:.
1976:53
1974:.
1962:^
1913:.
1895:.
1877:.
1812:^
1736:.
1708:.
1659:^
1628:.
1624:.
1606:.
1502:.
1140:.
1034:.
1001:c.
957:c.
950:c.
943:c.
917:c.
906:c.
880:c.
867:ff
855:c.
835:.
830:c.
820:,
33:on
3158:)
3154:(
2473:/
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2444:t
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2012:.
1994:.
1982::
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915:(
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23:.
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