382:
763:
2694:
588:
711:
3668:
3034:
2994:
2975:
2683:
2862:
548:
700:
2725:
81:
398:
519:
65:
2843:
3684:
3443:
3066:
53:
3707:
2852:
2828:
88:
357:
to examine the defences, who in 1635 proposed building a second line of fortifications around the
Valletta Land Front. Some members of the Order and a number of military engineers strongly opposed these plans, since the large garrison needed to man the lines was deemed too expensive. Eventually De
417:
to improve the fortifications. At the time the
Floriana Lines were still under construction, and a number of weak points had been identified in their original design, especially since the demi-bastions forming the two extremities of the land front were too acute and could not be well defended.
369:
imposed a new tax on immovable property. This tax created dispute between the Order and the clergy, who protested to the Pope. Some priests also influenced the population to take part in a national protest, but plans leaked out to authorities and the leaders were arrested.
2806:
533:
In the 1970s, parts of the covertway and glacis were destroyed to make way for large storage tanks. Today, the lines are still more or less intact, but some parts are in a rather dilapidated state and in need of restoration.
579:
St. Anne
Curtain – curtain wall linking St. Philip and St. Francis Bastions. It contained St. Anne's Gate, which was replaced by a larger gate in 1859. The larger gate was also demolished in 1897 to facilitate the flow of
682:
consisting of an inner hornwork with two demi-bastions and an outer crownwork with one full bastion and two demi-bastions is located near St. Francis
Ravelin. The crownwork was protected by a musketry gallery overlooking
2649:
358:
Paule decided to construct the lines, since it would have been improper to disagree with the Pope's military engineer. The
Bailiff Gattinara resigned from his post in the Commission of Fortifications in protest.
342:. Although these fortifications were well designed, by the early 17th century they were not strong enough to resist a large attack due to new technological developments which increased the range of artillery.
3767:
2920:
565:
Notre Dame
Curtain – curtain wall linking San Salvatore and St. Philip Bastions. It contained the Notre Dame Gate, which was partially demolished in the 1920s to accommodate for traffic requirements.
1232:
2905:
2796:
2791:
527:
2679:
562:
Bastion of
Provence, also known as San Salvatore Bastion or Sa Maison Bastion – a retrenched demi-bastion which was heavily altered over the course of the 17th and 18th centuries.
3752:
637:
Porte des Bombes
Lunette – a lunette between St. Philip Bastion and St. Francis Ravelin. It was demolished in the early 20th century to make way for the modern road to Valletta.
2693:
794:
Crucifix
Bastion – a large asymmetrical bastion containing a 19th-century gunpowder magazine. It also had a concrete emplacement for a 9-inch BL gun, but this has been removed.
2949:
2895:
2801:
3639:
2671:
498:
After the
British took over Malta in 1800, the lines remained a functional military establishment. A number of minor alterations were made, including the enlargement of
414:
2786:
778:
Capuchin Bastion, also known as Dhoccara, Magazine or Polverista Bastion – a demi-bastion linked to St. Francis Bastion of the land front. It contains an 18th-century
774:
starts from St. Francis Bastion of the Floriana Land Front, and ends at St. Peter and St. Paul Counterguard of the Valletta Land Front. It consists of the following:
2644:
2605:
2569:
2533:
2497:
2461:
2425:
2389:
2353:
2317:
2281:
2245:
2209:
2173:
2137:
2101:
2065:
2029:
1990:
1954:
1918:
1882:
1846:
1810:
1774:
1738:
1702:
1666:
1630:
1594:
1558:
1522:
1486:
1450:
1414:
1378:
1342:
1306:
1133:
893:
373:
The fortifications were named the Floriana Lines after their architect. By June 1640, the lines were considered partially defensible, although still incomplete.
627:
near Notre Dame Curtain, between San Salvatore and St. Philip Bastions. A number of modern government buildings are located in the open area within the ravelin.
3416:
2872:
754:
In addition, a bastioned enceinte known as the North Entrenchment is located behind the entire Marsamxett enceinte, acting as a secondary line of defence.
3362:
418:
Valperga attempted to correct these flaws by making a number of alterations to San Salvatore Bastion on the western end of the lines, and constructing a
1042:
3566:
2955:
1261:"Protection of Antiquities Regulations 21st November, 1932 Government Notice 402 of 1932, as Amended by Government Notices 127 of 1935 and 338 of 1939"
456:
was constructed in 1721. Further alterations were made over the following decades, such as the construction of the Northern Entrenchment in the 1730s.
254:
and form the capital city's outer defences. Construction of the lines began in 1636 and they were named after the military engineer who designed them,
640:
St. Francis Ravelin, also known as the Upper Ravelin – a pentagonal ravelin near St. Anne Curtain, between St. Philip and St. Francis Bastions. The
2744:
302:
583:
St. Francis Bastion – a large demi-bastion linked to the Polverista Bastion of the Grand Harbour enceinte. It is retrenched with St. Mark Bastion.
3792:
3203:
2664:
3742:
3198:
2910:
2657:
1169:
558:
The Floriana Land Front is the large bastioned enceinte enclosing the landward approach to the Floriana. It consists of the following:
487:
in the harbour area with foreign help. The Floriana Lines remained under French control throughout the blockade, and the Maltese built
463:
was founded in the area between the Floriana Lines and the Valletta Land Front. The suburb was named Borgo Vilhena after Grand Master
832:
2846:
3487:
3188:
1265:
1103:
641:
111:
762:
568:
St. Philip Bastion – a large obtuse-angled bastion at the centre of the land front. It is retrenched with the following bastions:
2944:
2772:
2754:
381:
2749:
2855:
3757:
3183:
2759:
3787:
3782:
3762:
2616:
2580:
2544:
2508:
2472:
2436:
2400:
2364:
2328:
2292:
2256:
2220:
2184:
2148:
2112:
2076:
2040:
2001:
1965:
1929:
1893:
1857:
1821:
1785:
1749:
1713:
1677:
1641:
1605:
1569:
1533:
1497:
1461:
1425:
1389:
1353:
1317:
1144:
904:
750:
Quarantine Bastion – a polygonal asymmetrical bastion with a demi-bastioned retrenchment. It is breached by a modern road.
3777:
3421:
733:
Polverista Curtain – a long casemated curtain wall between La Vittoria and Msida Bastions. It overlooks the AFM base at
730:
La Vittoria Bastion – a small casemated bastion grafted onto the Bastion of Provence which forms part of the land front.
722:
starts from San Salvatore Bastion of the Floriana Land Front, and originally ended at St. Michael's Counterguard of the
3401:
3140:
1260:
3667:
3247:
3193:
3033:
2993:
2974:
2939:
2688:
1073:
1002:
476:
258:. The Floriana Lines were modified throughout the course of the 17th and 18th centuries, and they saw use during the
587:
1284:
801:
723:
616:
between San Salvatore Bastion and Notre Dame Ravelin, facing Pietà Creek. It was damaged by aerial bombardment in
406:
327:
3772:
3252:
3121:
2865:
630:
a pentagonal lunette between Notre Dame Ravelin and St. Philip Bastion. It was damaged by aerial bombardment in
3589:
2836:
946:
484:
259:
218:
449:
436:
Work on Valperga's modifications to the lines progressed slowly, and by the beginning of the 18th century the
3228:
1050:
741:
668:. It was eventually detached from the faussebraye to facilitate the flow of traffic, and it now looks like a
3747:
3737:
3178:
3173:
2781:
464:
80:
3482:
2998:
710:
365:
due to controversy surrounding the construction. Since fortification was expensive, the new Grand Master
262:. Today, the fortifications are still largely intact but rather dilapidated and in need of restoration.
3262:
3242:
3070:
1200:
740:
Msida Bastion – a polygonal asymmetrical bastion with a demi-bastioned retrenchment. A cemetery (today
480:
323:
251:
797:
Kalkara Curtain – curtain wall linking Crucifix and Kalkara Bastions. It is breached by a modern road.
526:
The fortifications were included on the Antiquities List of 1925, and they are now also listed on the
448:
facing Marsamxett were still unfinished. Works continued under a number of other engineers, including
3574:
3044:
265:
The Floriana Lines are considered to be among the most complicated and elaborate of the Hospitaller
3644:
3556:
3357:
3257:
2776:
522:
Section of the fortifications which was demolished and is now occupied by the Grand Hotel Excelsior
335:
3619:
3614:
3237:
3058:
3027:
3019:
688:
613:
503:
366:
298:
266:
2861:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3284:
3090:
2831:
800:
Kalkara Bastion – a bastioned enceinte linking to St. Peter & St. Paul Counterguard of the
992:
938:
429:
near the eastern end. In the 1680s some minor modifications were made by the Flemish engineer
3298:
1237:
430:
354:
339:
255:
3307:
1177:
930:
547:
3624:
3584:
2730:
361:
Work on the lines began in 1636, but no ceremony was carried out to commemorate laying the
1233:"Gateways that have vanished: Porta Sant'Anna, Floriana & Porta Haynduieli, Cottonera"
843:
699:
309:. The city occupied about half the Sciberras Peninsula, a large promontory separating the
8:
3688:
3674:
3477:
3447:
3331:
3326:
3312:
3293:
2930:
492:
306:
273:
190:
159:
664:
was built in the faussebraye. The gate was enlarged by the British, and became known as
3711:
3349:
3048:
2984:
779:
719:
704:
507:
314:
3732:
3629:
3317:
3165:
3080:
3009:
2714:
2706:
998:
942:
931:
488:
3634:
3497:
3406:
3155:
665:
591:
499:
453:
346:
231:
3579:
3546:
3095:
3074:
3038:
2703:
410:
350:
868:
3551:
3531:
3521:
3150:
3145:
669:
1285:"Tender for Restoration Works at the Malta Environment and Planning Authority"
345:
In 1634, there were fears that the Ottomans would attack Malta. Grand Master
3726:
3541:
3536:
3526:
3516:
3411:
3373:
3110:
3100:
2979:
2915:
2900:
2890:
785:
a curtain wall linking Capuchin Bastion to the platform near Crucifix Curtain
771:
386:
310:
239:
126:
113:
3115:
1292:
467:, but it was commonly known as Floriana. It is now a town in its own right.
3391:
1270:
684:
631:
617:
606:
479:
in June 1798, and the Order capitulated after a couple of days. The French
397:
3457:
3105:
2818:
2710:
649:
551:
419:
362:
791:
Crucifix Curtain – curtain wall linking the platform to Crucifix Bastion
2282:"Curtain Linking Quarantine Curtain to Msida Bastion – Floriana Lines"
597:
The land front is surrounded by a ditch, which contains the following
518:
3435:
3383:
2768:
2718:
734:
676:
653:
423:
318:
208:
64:
2842:
974:
52:
3706:
3508:
3368:
3276:
1023:
679:
623:
Notre Dame Ravelin, also known as the Lower Ravelin – a pentagonal
460:
445:
426:
294:
243:
39:
3768:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
2851:
2645:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
2613:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
2577:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
2541:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
2505:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
2469:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
2433:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
2397:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
2361:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
2325:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
2289:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
2253:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
2217:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
2181:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
2145:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
2109:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
2073:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
2037:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1998:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1962:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1926:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1890:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1854:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1818:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1782:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1746:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1710:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1674:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1638:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1602:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1566:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1530:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1494:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1458:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1422:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1386:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1350:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1314:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1141:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
901:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
528:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
3426:
2827:
624:
598:
437:
353:
for help in improving the island's fortifications. The Pope sent
331:
3692:
3683:
3452:
3442:
3132:
3065:
2764:
1208:
Arx – Online Journal of Military Architecture and Fortification
840:
Arx – Online Journal of Military Architecture and Fortification
657:
644:(MEPA) offices are located in the open area within the ravelin.
441:
270:
965:
Zammit, Vincent (1984). "Seventeenth Century Fortifications".
3220:
747:
an unnamed curtain wall between Msida and Quarantine Bastions
247:
43:
833:"The Development of the Bastion of Provence, Floriana Lines"
3396:
2964:
1026:: Valletta Publishing & Promotion Co. Ltd. p. 182.
288:
1111:
Programm Tal-festa Marija Immakulata Fil-belt Ta' Bormla
3753:
Buildings and structures completed in the 18th century
869:"Knights' Fortifications around the Harbours of Malta"
788:
a flat-faced platform or bastion near Crucifix Curtain
691:, one near its land front and another near its flank.
269:. Since 1998, they have been on the tentative list of
2102:"Lunette on land front of crownwork – Floriana Lines"
1201:"Maltese 'siege' batteries of the blockade 1798–1800"
470:
278:
Knights' Fortifications around the Harbours of Malta
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
2138:"Lunette near flank of Crownwork – Floriana Lines"
744:) was built on its upper part in the 19th century.
2462:"Platform near Crucifix Bastion – Floriana Lines"
1775:"Lunette near Portes des Bombes – Floriana Lines"
1291:. 27 January 2015. pp. 50–54. Archived from
393:1725, with the Floriana Lines visible to the left
376:
3724:
2426:"Curtain near Magazine Bastion – Floriana Lines"
815:
405:Fears of an Ottoman attack rose again after the
960:
958:
2665:
1667:"San Salvatore Counterguard – Floriana Lines"
409:in 1669, and the following year Grand Master
401:Floriana Lines as seen from Sa Maison Gardens
1037:
1035:
1033:
830:
483:by September, when the Maltese rebelled and
2024:
2022:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1017:
955:
452:, and the lines were largely complete when
2672:
2658:
928:
506:and some other gates, and the addition of
1030:
986:
984:
757:
16:Line of fortifications in Floriana, Malta
2019:
1307:"San Salvatore Bastion – Floriana Lines"
1266:Malta Environment and Planning Authority
1227:
1225:
1117:
761:
709:
698:
642:Malta Environment and Planning Authority
586:
546:
517:
396:
380:
289:Background, controversy and construction
1198:
770:The enceinte along the side facing the
3793:18th Century military history of Malta
3725:
2174:"La Vittoria Bastion – Floriana Lines"
981:
964:
694:
57:San Salvatore Bastion and Counterguard
2653:
2354:"North entrenchment – Floriana Lines"
2318:"Quarantine Bastion – Floriana Lines"
2210:"Polverista Curtain – Floriana Lines"
1811:"St Francis Ravelin – Floriana Lines"
1739:"Notre Dame Ravelin – Floriana Lines"
1559:"St Francis Bastion – Floriana Lines"
1343:"Notre Dame Curtain – Floriana Lines"
1222:
1101:
1071:
933:The Fortifications of Malta 1530–1945
2030:"Crowned-hornworks – Floriana Lines"
1415:"St Philip Bastion – Floriana Lines"
1078:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
997:. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 148.
3743:Hospitaller fortifications in Malta
3422:Church of Saint Mary of the Germans
2534:"Crucifix Bastion – Floriana Lines"
2498:"Crucifix Curtain – Floriana Lines"
2390:"Capuchin Bastion – Floriana Lines"
1991:"Porte des Bombes – Floriana Lines"
1451:"St James Bastion – Floriana Lines"
990:
718:The enceinte along the side facing
422:around the entire land front and a
13:
2606:"Kalkara Bastion – Floriana Lines"
2570:"Kalkara Curtain – Floriana Lines"
1595:"St Mark Bastion – Floriana Lines"
1523:"St Anne Curtain – Floriana Lines"
1379:"Notre Dame Gate – Floriana Lines"
471:French occupation and British rule
14:
3804:
2689:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
2638:
1883:"Advanced ditch – Floriana Lines"
1134:"Floriana Lines – Floriana Lines"
831:Spiteri, Stephen C. (2004–2007).
648:The outworks are surrounded by a
513:
3705:
3682:
3666:
3441:
3417:Church of Saint John the Baptist
3064:
3032:
2992:
2973:
2860:
2850:
2841:
2826:
2723:
2692:
2681:
2246:"Msida Bastion – Floriana Lines"
1703:"Pieta Lunette – Floriana Lines"
1199:Spiteri, Stephen C. (May 2008).
726:. It consists of the following:
660:. In the 1720s, a gate known as
297:was founded on 28 March 1566 by
87:
86:
79:
63:
51:
2906:Orders, decorations, and medals
2598:
2562:
2526:
2490:
2454:
2418:
2382:
2346:
2310:
2274:
2238:
2202:
2166:
2130:
2094:
2058:
1983:
1947:
1911:
1875:
1839:
1803:
1767:
1731:
1695:
1659:
1623:
1587:
1551:
1515:
1479:
1443:
1407:
1371:
1335:
1299:
1277:
1253:
1192:
1162:
1095:
605:San Salvatore Counterguard – a
3697:
3590:Conquest of Rhodes (1306–1310)
3460:
3429:
3320:
3301:
3287:
3265:
3231:
3052:
2837:Order of Malta Ambulance Corps
2615:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
2579:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
2543:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
2507:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
2471:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
2435:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
2399:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
2363:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
2327:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
2291:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
2255:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
2219:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
2183:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
2147:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
2111:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
2075:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
2039:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
2000:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1964:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1928:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1919:"Covered Way – Floriana Lines"
1892:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1856:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1847:"Faussebraye – Floriana Lines"
1820:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1784:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1748:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1712:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1676:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1640:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1604:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1568:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1532:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1496:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1460:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1424:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1388:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1352:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1316:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1143:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1065:
1011:
922:
903:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
886:
861:
634:, but the damage was repaired.
413:invited the military engineer
377:Improvements and modifications
1:
1631:"Main ditch – Floriana Lines"
937:. Osprey Publishing. p.
808:
742:Msida Bastion Historic Garden
612:Pietà Lunette – a pentagonal
542:
390:
3758:Limestone buildings in Malta
3701:Demolished or sparse remains
3488:Colonization of the Americas
929:Stephenson, Charles (2004).
842:(1–4): 24–32. Archived from
260:French blockade of 1798–1800
7:
3788:18th-century fortifications
3783:17th-century fortifications
3763:Architectural controversies
3678:(with year of proclamation)
3625:Great Siege of Malta (1565)
3483:Principality of Heitersheim
3174:St John (Conventual Church)
2999:Villa del Priorato di Malta
1104:"Antonio Maurizio Valperga"
1018:Gaullaumier, Alfie (1987).
485:blockaded the French forces
450:Charles François de Mondion
10:
3809:
3778:17th-century controversies
3363:Palace of the Grand Master
609:near San Savatore Bastion.
495:in order to bombard them.
283:
252:fortifications of Valletta
219:Siege of Malta (1798–1800)
3661:
3640:Battle of Damietta (1732)
3575:Siege of Jerusalem (1187)
3565:
3507:
3496:
3470:
3382:
3348:
3275:
3219:
3212:
3164:
3131:
3018:
3008:
2963:
2929:
2883:
2817:
2737:
2701:
1955:"Glacis – Floriana Lines"
554:near St. Philip's Bastion
537:
465:António Manoel de Vilhena
415:Antonio Maurizio Valperga
214:
204:
196:
186:
178:
173:
165:
155:
150:
142:
105:
74:
69:Map of the Floriana Lines
62:
50:
37:
28:
23:
3630:Battle of Lepanto (1571)
2066:"Musketry spur of Marsa"
1074:"FLORIANI, Pietro Paolo"
1072:Adami, Giuseppe (1997).
3620:Siege of Tripoli (1551)
3615:Invasion of Gozo (1551)
459:In 1724, the suburb of
367:Giovanni Paolo Lascaris
317:, and was protected by
267:fortifications of Malta
3773:Controversies in Malta
3712:Catholicism portal
3580:Battle of Arsuf (1191)
3091:Santa Margherita Lines
2832:Malteser International
2797:Diplomatic missions to
2792:Diplomatic missions of
1047:Floriana Local Council
767:
758:Grand Harbour enceinte
715:
707:
594:
555:
523:
502:, the demolition of a
493:a battery on Corradino
402:
394:
235:
146:Line of fortifications
3635:Raid on Żejtun (1614)
3141:Grand Master's Palace
2896:Flag and coat of arms
2717:, founded in 1099 in
1238:The Malta Independent
873:UNESCO Tentative List
765:
713:
702:
590:
550:
521:
431:Carlos de Grunenbergh
400:
384:
355:Pietro Paolo Floriani
256:Pietro Paolo Floriani
250:, which surround the
127:35.89056°N 14.50222°E
3645:Loss of Malta (1798)
3585:Siege of Acre (1291)
3253:Castille et Portugal
3248:Auvergne et Provence
2731:Kingdom of Jerusalem
1102:Vella, John (2007).
1020:Bliet u Rħula Maltin
991:Rix, Juliet (2013).
274:World Heritage Sites
3748:Fortification lines
3738:City walls in Malta
3689:World Heritage Site
3675:extraterritoriality
3448:Krak des Chevaliers
3189:Our Lady of Victory
2884:Society and culture
977:: PEG Ltd: 116–117.
849:on 15 November 2015
802:Valletta Land Front
724:Valletta Land Front
703:The enceinte along
695:Marsamxett enceinte
508:gunpowder magazines
481:occupied the island
236:Is-Swar tal-Furjana
191:Order of Saint John
160:Government of Malta
123: /
31:Is-Swar tal-Furjana
3179:Our Lady of Liesse
780:gunpowder magazine
768:
720:Marsamxett Harbour
716:
708:
705:Marsamxett Harbour
652:, advanced ditch,
595:
556:
524:
403:
395:
315:Marsamxett Harbour
132:35.89056; 14.50222
3720:
3719:
3657:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3594:Sieges of Rhodes
3392:Saint John d'Acre
3344:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3184:Our Lady of Pilar
2873:Ships of the line
2787:Foreign relations
2755:Sovereign Council
2715:international law
2711:sovereign subject
2707:order of chivalry
1487:"St Luke Bastion"
1295:on 28 March 2015.
1273:on 19 April 2016.
1053:on 8 October 2015
662:Porta dei Cannoni
571:St. James Bastion
489:Tas-Samra Battery
307:Order of St. John
276:, as part of the
224:
223:
200:1640–20th century
182:1636–18th century
3800:
3710:
3709:
3700:
3687:
3686:
3671:
3670:
3505:
3504:
3463:
3446:
3445:
3432:
3407:Belvoir Fortress
3323:
3304:
3290:
3268:
3234:
3217:
3216:
3156:San Anton Palace
3069:
3068:
3055:
3037:
3036:
3016:
3015:
2997:
2996:
2978:
2977:
2961:
2960:
2864:
2854:
2845:
2830:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2696:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2651:
2650:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2621:
2610:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2585:
2574:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2549:
2538:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2513:
2502:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2477:
2466:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2441:
2430:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2405:
2394:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2369:
2358:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2333:
2322:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2297:
2286:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2261:
2250:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2225:
2214:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2189:
2178:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2153:
2142:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2117:
2106:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2081:
2070:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2045:
2034:
2026:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2006:
1995:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1970:
1959:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1934:
1923:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1898:
1887:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1862:
1851:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1826:
1815:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1790:
1779:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1754:
1743:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1718:
1707:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1682:
1671:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1646:
1635:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1610:
1599:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1574:
1563:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1538:
1527:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1502:
1491:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1466:
1455:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1430:
1419:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1394:
1383:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1358:
1347:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1322:
1311:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1269:. Archived from
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1229:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1205:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1176:. Archived from
1166:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1150:on 13 April 2015
1149:
1138:
1130:
1115:
1114:
1108:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1049:. Archived from
1039:
1028:
1027:
1015:
1009:
1008:
988:
979:
978:
962:
953:
952:
936:
926:
920:
919:
917:
915:
909:
898:
890:
884:
883:
881:
879:
865:
859:
858:
856:
854:
848:
837:
828:
766:Capuchin Bastion
666:Porte des Bombes
592:Porte des Bombes
574:St. Luke Bastion
500:Porte des Bombes
454:Porte des Bombes
392:
363:foundation stone
347:Antoine de Paule
238:) are a line of
151:Site information
138:
137:
135:
134:
133:
128:
124:
121:
120:
119:
116:
90:
89:
83:
67:
55:
46:
21:
20:
3808:
3807:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3723:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3704:
3681:
3665:
3649:
3561:
3499:
3492:
3466:
3440:
3378:
3336:
3271:
3208:
3160:
3127:
3096:Cottonera Lines
3063:
3049:Fort St Michael
3031:
3012:
3004:
2991:
2972:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2925:
2879:
2859:(Historically:
2813:
2760:Chapter General
2733:
2724:
2722:
2697:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2641:
2636:
2635:
2625:
2623:
2622:on 16 July 2015
2619:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2587:
2586:on 16 July 2015
2583:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2553:
2551:
2550:on 16 July 2015
2547:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2517:
2515:
2514:on 16 July 2015
2511:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2481:
2479:
2478:on 16 July 2015
2475:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2445:
2443:
2442:on 16 July 2015
2439:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2406:on 16 July 2015
2403:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2373:
2371:
2370:on 16 July 2015
2367:
2356:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2337:
2335:
2334:on 16 July 2015
2331:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2301:
2299:
2298:on 16 July 2015
2295:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2265:
2263:
2262:on 16 July 2015
2259:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2229:
2227:
2226:on 16 July 2015
2223:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2193:
2191:
2190:on 16 July 2015
2187:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2157:
2155:
2154:on 16 July 2015
2151:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2121:
2119:
2118:on 16 July 2015
2115:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2085:
2083:
2082:on 16 July 2015
2079:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2049:
2047:
2046:on 16 July 2015
2043:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2020:
2010:
2008:
2007:on 16 July 2015
2004:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1974:
1972:
1971:on 16 July 2015
1968:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1938:
1936:
1935:on 16 July 2015
1932:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1899:on 16 July 2015
1896:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1866:
1864:
1863:on 16 July 2015
1860:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1827:on 16 July 2015
1824:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1791:on 16 July 2015
1788:
1777:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1758:
1756:
1755:on 16 July 2015
1752:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1722:
1720:
1719:on 16 July 2015
1716:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1686:
1684:
1683:on 16 July 2015
1680:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1650:
1648:
1647:on 16 July 2015
1644:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1614:
1612:
1611:on 16 July 2015
1608:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1578:
1576:
1575:on 16 July 2015
1572:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1542:
1540:
1539:on 16 July 2015
1536:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1506:
1504:
1503:on 16 July 2015
1500:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1470:
1468:
1467:on 16 July 2015
1464:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1434:
1432:
1431:on 16 July 2015
1428:
1417:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1398:
1396:
1395:on 16 July 2015
1392:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1362:
1360:
1359:on 16 July 2015
1356:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1326:
1324:
1323:on 16 July 2015
1320:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1244:
1242:
1241:. 29 April 2014
1231:
1230:
1223:
1213:
1211:
1203:
1197:
1193:
1183:
1181:
1180:on 8 April 2016
1168:
1167:
1163:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1118:
1106:
1100:
1096:
1086:
1084:
1070:
1066:
1056:
1054:
1041:
1040:
1031:
1016:
1012:
1005:
989:
982:
963:
956:
949:
927:
923:
913:
911:
910:on 11 June 2015
907:
896:
892:
891:
887:
877:
875:
867:
866:
862:
852:
850:
846:
835:
829:
816:
811:
760:
697:
545:
540:
516:
510:and traverses.
473:
411:Nicolas Cotoner
379:
351:Pope Urban VIII
320:tracce italiane
299:Jean de Valette
291:
286:
131:
129:
125:
122:
117:
114:
112:
110:
109:
101:
100:
99:
98:
97:
96:
95:
91:
70:
58:
38:
33:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3806:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3702:
3695:
3679:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3571:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3513:
3511:
3502:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3474:
3472:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3464:
3455:
3450:
3438:
3433:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3388:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3365:
3360:
3358:Fortifications
3354:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3296:
3291:
3281:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3225:
3223:
3214:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3151:Verdala Palace
3148:
3146:Vilhena Palace
3143:
3137:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3086:Floriana Lines
3083:
3078:
3061:
3056:
3042:
3039:Fort St Angelo
3024:
3022:
3020:Fortifications
3013:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2989:
2969:
2967:
2958:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2847:Military Corps
2839:
2834:
2823:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2807:United Nations
2804:
2802:European Union
2799:
2794:
2784:
2779:
2765:Grand Priories
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2677:
2676:
2669:
2662:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2640:
2639:External links
2637:
2634:
2633:
2597:
2561:
2525:
2489:
2453:
2417:
2381:
2345:
2309:
2273:
2237:
2201:
2165:
2129:
2093:
2057:
2018:
1982:
1946:
1910:
1874:
1838:
1802:
1766:
1730:
1694:
1658:
1622:
1586:
1550:
1514:
1478:
1442:
1406:
1370:
1334:
1298:
1276:
1252:
1221:
1191:
1161:
1116:
1094:
1080:(in Italian).
1064:
1043:"Introduction"
1029:
1022:(in Maltese).
1010:
1003:
994:Malta and Gozo
980:
954:
947:
921:
885:
860:
813:
812:
810:
807:
806:
805:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
759:
756:
752:
751:
748:
745:
738:
731:
696:
693:
670:triumphal arch
646:
645:
638:
635:
628:
621:
610:
585:
584:
581:
577:
576:
575:
572:
566:
563:
544:
541:
539:
536:
515:
514:Recent history
512:
475:French forces
472:
469:
407:fall of Candia
378:
375:
326:, including a
324:fortifications
290:
287:
285:
282:
240:fortifications
228:Floriana Lines
222:
221:
216:
212:
211:
206:
202:
201:
198:
194:
193:
188:
184:
183:
180:
176:
175:
171:
170:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
148:
147:
144:
140:
139:
107:
103:
102:
93:
92:
85:
84:
78:
77:
76:
75:
72:
71:
68:
60:
59:
56:
48:
47:
35:
34:
29:
26:
25:
24:Floriana Lines
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3805:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3669:
3664:
3663:
3660:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3495:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3471:Other regions
3469:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3412:Chastel Rouge
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3374:Bodrum Castle
3371:
3370:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
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2945:commanderies
2858:
2777:Associations
2773:Commanderies
2745:Grand Master
2738:Organisation
2624:. Retrieved
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967:Civilization
966:
932:
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632:World War II
618:World War II
607:counterguard
596:
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385:View of the
372:
360:
344:
319:
303:Grand Master
293:The city of
292:
277:
264:
227:
225:
215:Battles/wars
174:Site history
30:
18:
3458:Mount Tabor
3204:St Lawrence
3106:Fort Manoel
2819:Auxiliaries
1087:11 November
687:and by two
650:faussebraye
552:Faussebraye
420:faussebraye
338:and a deep
197:In use
130: /
106:Coordinates
3727:Categories
3238:Angleterre
3194:St Barbara
3116:Fort Tigné
3081:Cittadella
2769:Bailiwicks
2750:Governance
1210:(6): 21–25
1170:"Floriana"
948:1841766933
914:5 November
894:"Valletta"
809:References
543:Land front
330:with four
328:land front
115:35°53′26″N
3436:Gibelacar
3402:Abu Ghosh
3384:Holy Land
3285:Allemagne
3229:Allemagne
2935:including
2911:Passports
2856:Air Force
2719:Jerusalem
1184:4 October
1174:lc.gov.mt
1057:4 October
735:Hay Wharf
654:covertway
336:cavaliers
209:Limestone
205:Materials
166:Condition
118:14°30′8″E
3733:Floriana
3509:Crusades
3498:Military
3369:Anatolia
3332:Provence
3313:Castille
3299:Auvergne
3277:Valletta
3213:Auberges
3166:Churches
3071:Valletta
2988:) (1869)
2950:premises
2916:Currency
2704:Catholic
1113:: 49–55.
1024:Valletta
689:lunettes
680:hornwork
599:outworks
580:traffic.
461:Floriana
446:enceinte
438:outworks
427:hornwork
332:bastions
295:Valletta
244:Floriana
94:Floriana
40:Floriana
3672:Extant
3567:Battles
3500:history
3478:Tripoli
3427:Coliath
3308:Bavière
3133:Palaces
3045:Senglea
3041:(2001))
2985:capital
2956:battles
2931:History
2782:Langues
2691:topics
2626:15 July
2590:15 July
2554:15 July
2518:15 July
2482:15 July
2446:15 July
2410:15 July
2374:15 July
2338:15 July
2302:15 July
2266:15 July
2230:15 July
2194:15 July
2158:15 July
2122:15 July
2086:15 July
2050:15 July
2011:15 July
1975:15 July
1939:15 July
1903:15 July
1867:15 July
1831:15 July
1795:15 July
1759:15 July
1723:15 July
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1651:15 July
1615:15 July
1579:15 July
1543:15 July
1507:15 July
1471:15 July
1435:15 July
1399:15 July
1363:15 July
1327:15 July
1245:6 April
1214:15 July
1154:15 July
878:15 July
853:15 July
677:crowned
625:ravelin
614:lunette
504:lunette
424:crowned
305:of the
284:History
232:Maltese
3693:UNESCO
3453:Margat
3350:Rhodes
3327:Italie
3318:France
3294:Aragon
3263:Italie
3258:France
3243:Aragon
3122:others
3001:(1869)
2901:Anthem
2728:
2686:
1001:
975:Ħamrun
945:
658:glacis
656:, and
538:Layout
442:glacis
349:asked
334:, two
301:, the
271:UNESCO
3221:Birgu
3059:Mdina
3028:Birgu
3010:Malta
2940:sites
2937:major
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2609:(PDF)
2584:(PDF)
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685:Marsa
340:ditch
313:from
248:Malta
179:Built
156:Owner
44:Malta
3608:1522
3603:1480
3598:1444
3397:Arqa
2965:Rome
2954:and
2866:Navy
2709:and
2628:2015
2592:2015
2556:2015
2520:2015
2484:2015
2448:2015
2412:2015
2376:2015
2340:2015
2304:2015
2268:2015
2232:2015
2196:2015
2160:2015
2124:2015
2088:2015
2052:2015
2013:2015
1977:2015
1941:2015
1905:2015
1869:2015
1833:2015
1797:2015
1761:2015
1725:2015
1689:2015
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1617:2015
1581:2015
1545:2015
1509:2015
1473:2015
1437:2015
1401:2015
1365:2015
1329:2015
1289:MEPA
1247:2015
1216:2015
1186:2015
1156:2015
1089:2015
1059:2015
999:ISBN
943:ISBN
916:2015
880:2015
855:2015
491:and
444:and
226:The
143:Type
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