1500:
1656:
36:
1787:
1755:
1723:
1771:
335:
1359:
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within the order’s network. Each of the nine members are elected prior to the resignation, death, or the ending of a term of an abbot. Once elected by members of Fo Guang Shan, the votes are openly counted. The nine members then nominate their next abbot, who in practice was chosen by Hsing Yun personally. Eight members of the council are ordained monastics, and one is a non-voting layperson.
1623:
no entrance fee, and do not allow many of the practices commonly found in other
Chinese temples, such as fortune-telling or the presence of sales vendors. Despite the popularity of the organization, Fo Guang Shan has received criticism for being "too focused on commercialism, expanding its membership base, and building large temples." (Schak and Hsiao)
1622:
Fo Guang Shan's approach to Dharma propagation focuses on simplifying
Buddhism in order to make it more appealing to the masses. The organization is known for utilizing modern marketing techniques and methods to preach such as the use of laser shows and multimedia displays. Fo Guang Shan temples have
1543:
In 1972, Hsing Yun established a nine-member council, known as the Fo Guang Shan
Religious Affairs Committee, later renamed the Fo Guang Shan Board of Directors. These nine members govern and oversee the operations of the order through making appointments to various departments and other temples from
1461:
was established in 2000. It focuses mainly on the humanities and social sciences. The
Chinese Buddhist research institute is subdivided into four separate departments; a women's and men's college, and an international and English Buddhist studies department. Tuition fees and lodging are provided by
1580:
Hsing Yun is the only abbot to have served as such for more than two terms and was not elected by the board of directors. In the case of
Venerable Hsin Ping, he was also not officially elected, as he was Hsing Yun's designated heir apparent. After Hsin Ping died of sudden illness in 1995, the vice
1517:
of the historic Buddha. The site is situated immediately adjacent to the main monastery and covers more than 100 hectares. The complex faces east and is built along a central axial line. Beyond the
Welcoming Hall are eight Chinese-styled pagodas on either side of the main avenue leading up to the
1437:
The social and medical programs of Fo Guang Shan include a free medical clinic with mobile units that serve remote villages, an annual winter relief program organized to distribute warm clothing and food supplies to the needy, a children's and seniors' home, wildlife conservation areas to protect
1370:
In May 1997, Hsing Yun announced that he would close the mountain gate of Fo Guang Shan to the general public. His reason in closing the monastery was to give monastics the cloistered atmosphere they need for their
Buddhist practice. In practice, many Chinese monasteries have also closed their
1428:
Temples and organizations have been established in 173 countries throughout the world, and now encompasses more than 3,500 monastics. The organization emphasizes education and service, maintaining universities, Buddhist colleges, libraries, publishing houses, translation centres, Buddhist art
1274:
and is known for its efforts in the modernization of
Chinese Buddhism. The order is famous for its use of technology and its temples are often furnished with the latest equipment. Hsing Yun's stated position for Fo Guang Shan is that it is an "amalgam of all Eight Schools of Chinese Buddhism"
1557:. The abbot is the chairperson of the Board of Directors, serving a term of six years, with one reappointment by popular vote and, under exceptional circumstances, a second reappointment by two-thirds vote. The abbot is elected by all monastic members of Fo Guang Shan through public vote.
1552:
Unlike a traditional
Mahayana Buddhist monastery, where the incumbent abbot usually selects his successor, Fo Guang Shan directly elects an abbot to head the Order and its temple branches worldwide. The head of the FGS order and all of its branches is the abbot and chief executive of
1518:
Bodhi Square, about which are statues of the Buddha's main disciples and of the founders of the principal schools of
Chinese Buddhism. The path leads onto the Memorial Hall, which holds several shrines including the Jade Buddha Shrine. Above the hall are four
1379:
visited Fo Guang Shan, bringing with them the wish from their constituents that Fo Guang Shan reopen its mountain gate. After due consideration, Fo Guang Shan decided to reopen the monastery to some extent, thereby providing the public a place to practice
1615:
All branches of Fo Guang Shan organize pilgrimages to bring devotees to the monastery from different parts of Taiwan and overseas. Once pilgrims arrive, they are free to make use of all of the different activities that are open to the general public.
3179:
1581:
director of Fo Guang Shan, Venerable Hsin Ting was immediately elevated to serve the remaining years of Hsin Ping's term before he was elected to a term in his own right. Abbots have been elected according to FGS's constitution since then.
1584:
As with Hsing Yun, emeritus abbots do not leave the order when they retire. They continue to make Dharma talks throughout the world and become elder teachers of the order in their later years. Following Hsing Yun’s death, current abbot
1572:, or heart). In fact, all monastics of Fo Guang Shan have such a name, and several Elders also use theirs publicly. At the beginning of the year, the abbot-elect is inaugurated as the new director of Fo Guang Shan through a traditional
3146:
1576:
ceremony, receiving the robe, bowl, khakkhara, and a copy of the FGS constitution. In the case of Venerable Hsin Bau’s inauguration in 2013, he and 72 other monastics received dharma transmission from Hsing Yun along with him.
3081:
2924:
2682:
1351:
Fo Guang Shan has embarked on many construction projects, including university buildings, shrines, rectories, retirement homes, and a cemetery. In 1975, Fo Guang Shan's iconic 36-metre tall statue of
1355:
was consecrated. In 1981, 15 years after its establishment, the Great Hero Hall was built. During these times, many other Fo Guang Shan temples outside the order's mother monastery were also built.
2312:
3025:
2869:
2849:
3005:
2919:
2914:
1259:, and is the largest Buddhist monastery in Taiwan. The organization is also one of the largest charity organizations in Taiwan. The organization's counterpart for laypeople is known as the
1619:
An exception is made in mainland China, as the order focuses strongly on cultural exchange rather than religion as a way to introduce Buddhist ideas, as proselytizing is illegal in China.
3096:
2752:
2687:
2632:
1874:
1491:
In mainland China, Fo Guang Shan operates numerous cultural education programs and has built several libraries, even having gotten several books published through state controlled media.
1477:
in Taipei, Jiun Tou Elementary and Junior High School, Humanities Primary and Junior High School, which provides regular curriculum for students. Fo Guang Shan also has nursery schools,
3151:
2879:
3086:
3000:
2672:
1441:
The organization also runs orphanages, homes for the elderly, and drug rehabilitation programs in prisons. Fo Guang Shan has also been involved in some international relief efforts.
2859:
2839:
2834:
2783:
2727:
1608:
programs of Fo Guang Shan include lectures given in prisons and factories; programs on television, radio, and online, large-scale public lectures in Taiwan and overseas, and the
1868:
1412:
On 5 February 2023 founder Hsing Yun died at his residence at the age of 95 in Kaoshiung, Taiwan. His funeral took place on 12 February 2023 in the presence of Taiwan President
2904:
2829:
3066:
2778:
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2909:
2874:
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2844:
2793:
2692:
2788:
2662:
3700:
2985:
2798:
3071:
2934:
2627:
2472:
Chandler, Stuart (2004). Establishing a Pure Land on Earth: The Foguang Buddhist Perspective on Modernization and Globalization. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press
3652:
2803:
2732:
3642:
2260:
2990:
2964:
2717:
2642:
2343:
1998:
3848:
3136:
2712:
2959:
2884:
2316:
1499:
3020:
2894:
2652:
1488:, Fo Guang Shan is the only major Buddhist organization in Taiwan that offers some form of strictly secular education, as opposed to purely religious.
1513:(formerly called the Buddha Memorial Center) started with support from the Taiwanese government. The museum's Jade Buddha Shrine is purported to hold
3056:
2939:
2612:
2462:
1530:
108 meters high. The Center was opened at an international ceremony on 25 December 2011 and the first anniversary celebrated on Christmas Day 2012.
661:
3705:
3076:
2944:
2854:
2773:
2747:
2702:
2617:
1400:
1191:
1438:
living creatures, and a cemetery for the care of the deceased. Fo Guang Shan's social work focuses primarily on helping the poor in remote areas.
1429:
galleries, teahouses, and mobile medical clinics. It has also established a children's room, retirement home, high school and television station.
3858:
2954:
2889:
2737:
2622:
668:
3749:
3010:
2697:
3015:
2667:
2657:
3035:
2995:
2707:
2046:
Shuai, J. J.; Chen, H. C.; Chang, C. H. (1 December 2010). "Visualization of the Taiwaness Buddhism web based on social network analysis".
3680:
2899:
2543:
1908:
1660:
1260:
1457:
The educational programs of Fo Guang Shan include four Buddhist colleges, three regular colleges, and various community colleges. The
1453:
Fo Guang Shan's Sutra Repository, the home of the Institute of Humanistic Buddhism and library of over 50 editions of Buddhist canons.
334:
3537:
2020:
2513:
1786:
1672:
May the Buddha's Light shine upon the ten directions. May the Dharma stream continuously flow towards the five great continents.
3512:
1409:
As of 2017, the order had over 1,000 monks and nuns, and over 1 million followers worldwide, with branches in fifty countries.
2217:
2063:
1722:
1391:, focusing more on charity and Chinese cultural revival rather than Buddhist propagation in order to avoid conflict with the
1384:. On top of its headquarters being the largest monastery in Taiwan, it has a network of over 300 branches throughout Taiwan.
677:
449:
2403:
1754:
3647:
1184:
3212:
3742:
3517:
2244:
714:
3446:
2227:
2098:
1954:
1770:
1655:
3664:
3451:
1514:
1033:
1982:
493:
3659:
3583:
3527:
3482:
2637:
2338:
1177:
597:
3578:
3091:
2429:
1844:
1276:
1208:
3766:
3758:
3735:
3492:
3477:
2722:
1893:
1850:
1313:
2377:
2088:
622:
409:
3799:
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3315:
1898:
1371:
mountain gates to give a cloistered atmosphere to the temple residents. At the end of 2000, then President
1309:
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728:
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3497:
3392:
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3245:
2980:
2929:
2824:
2506:
2459:
2190:
2164:
1862:
1510:
1503:
707:
654:
543:
248:
35:
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as the site for the construction of a monastery. The groundbreaking ceremony was held on 16 May 1967.
1078:
3690:
3685:
3502:
3320:
1913:
1396:
843:
2359:
394:
3853:
3568:
2460:
Globalizing Chinese Culture, Localizing Buddhist Teachings: the Internationalization of Foguangshan
384:
3487:
3205:
2819:
1554:
1392:
1363:
1248:
1028:
91:
3843:
3613:
3563:
3522:
3116:
2499:
1923:
1467:
1395:(CCP), which opposes organized religion. Fo Guang Shan's presence in China increased under the
1298:
1944:
1560:
Per tradition, the abbot-elect then begins to use their "inner name", in place of his/her own
1462:
Fo Guang Shan, free of charge. Other prominent universities the order has established include
1003:
629:
3593:
1158:
943:
693:
644:
993:
3774:
3532:
3172:
1317:
1163:
1153:
1148:
805:
419:
8:
3121:
2538:
2024:
1918:
1738:
1573:
1458:
1294:
1271:
1240:
1123:
613:
604:
389:
80:
2380:. Fo Guang Shan (Singapore) & Buddha's Light Association (Singapore). Archived from
2093:. Ministry of Buddhasasana and Religious Affairs, Government of Sri Lanka. p. 282.
538:
429:
3588:
3472:
3467:
3198:
3141:
3131:
2069:
1888:
1474:
1381:
1143:
1108:
770:
700:
289:
3398:
3382:
3357:
3285:
3280:
3240:
3126:
3061:
2647:
2252:
2223:
2146:
2094:
2059:
1990:
1950:
1856:
1820:
1527:
1523:
1463:
1133:
1118:
1113:
1096:
775:
686:
636:
316:
270:
262:
2073:
513:
3423:
3418:
3408:
3377:
3362:
3341:
3325:
3310:
3300:
3250:
2141:
2136:
2124:
2051:
1345:
1302:
1232:
1128:
1101:
968:
785:
765:
589:
553:
213:
174:
1301:
in the United States, which offers undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in both
833:
3727:
3413:
3372:
3352:
3347:
3330:
3305:
3290:
3265:
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3051:
2466:
2407:
2347:
2055:
1838:
1073:
1008:
848:
566:
548:
533:
424:
404:
868:
3789:
3603:
3367:
3336:
3295:
3275:
3270:
3255:
3235:
2768:
2607:
1832:
1826:
1417:
1372:
1358:
1341:
1325:
1252:
1138:
1053:
810:
574:
473:
374:
41:
3837:
3030:
2742:
2256:
2150:
1994:
1814:
1609:
1597:
1478:
1038:
1023:
963:
755:
498:
439:
379:
364:
3608:
3553:
3167:
1903:
1413:
1244:
1063:
1048:
888:
279:
220:
1526:. Standing behind but separate from it, there is an enormous seated metal
878:
674:
642:
610:
587:
2949:
1808:
1561:
1316:" or four major Buddhist organizations of Taiwanese Buddhism, along with
923:
898:
883:
580:
523:
466:
349:
1943:
Harding, John S.; Hori, Victor Sōgen; Soucy, Alexander (29 March 2010).
1352:
478:
3598:
3573:
1403:
1293:). The Fo Guang Shan order has several associated colleges, among them
1043:
953:
938:
863:
858:
735:
483:
462:
359:
354:
873:
414:
187:
184:
181:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3221:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2533:
1760:
1744:
1728:
1376:
1337:
1267:
1256:
1068:
828:
780:
518:
508:
503:
488:
434:
95:
61:
2191:"President, premier attend Buddhist master's funeral - Taipei Times"
998:
928:
2583:
2577:
1792:
1776:
1664:
1586:
1449:
988:
913:
838:
790:
740:
528:
324:
234:
122:
1018:
983:
973:
933:
3784:
3190:
2381:
1682:
May kindness, compassion, joy, and equanimity pervade all worlds;
1485:
1406:
after he started a program to revive traditional Chinese faiths.
1321:
978:
908:
903:
800:
745:
444:
399:
286:
2491:
2433:
1688:
May Chan, Pure Land, and Precepts inspire equality and patience;
1375:
of the Republic of China (Taiwan) and government officials from
2282:
1659:
Main entrance to the Fo Guang Shan monastery. Seen also is the
1605:
1284:
1236:
1216:
1013:
948:
918:
853:
750:
99:
1983:"Is a Buddhist Group Changing China? Or Is China Changing It?"
3180:
Fo Guang Shan Philippines Humanistic Academy of Life and Arts
2484:
2165:"Fo Guang Shan founder Hsing Yun dies aged 95 - Taipei Times"
1519:
1388:
1308:
In Taiwan, Hsing Yun is popularly referred to as one of the "
1058:
958:
893:
369:
294:
1676:
145:
1632:
To propagate Buddhist teachings through cultural activities
2087:
Abeynayake, Oliver; Tilakaratne, Asanga (1 January 2011).
1685:
May we cherish and build affinities to benefit all beings;
1641:
To purify human hearts and minds through Buddhist practice
760:
3654:
National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism
2363:
3643:
National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology
3147:
Fo Guang Shan Educational and Cultural Centre New Delhi
2123:
Schak, David; Hsiao, Hsin-Huang Michael (1 June 2005).
2090:
2600 Years of Sambuddhatva: Global Journey of Awakening
1691:
May our humility and gratitude give rise to great vows.
1231:'Buddha's Light Mountain') is an international
2086:
267:
253:
239:
225:
1589:became the permanent guiding teacher of the order.
1387:In the 2010s, Fo Guang Shan began establishment in
3757:
3082:Fo Guang Shan Buddhist Temple of Western Australia
1601:Buddha statues in the main shrine of Fo Guang Shan
2215:
16:Worldwide Buddhist community founded by Hsing Yun
3835:
1942:
1612:initiation given twice a year at the monastery.
2925:Fo Guang Shan Meditation Society, Kota Kinabalu
2048:2010 International Computer Symposium (ICS2010)
2245:"A Buddhist Leader on China's Spiritual Needs"
2216:Juergensmeyer, Mark; Roof, Wade Clark (2012).
2045:
1638:To benefit society through charitable programs
1494:
1432:
1312:" and Fo Guang Shan is considered one of the "
3743:
3701:Municipal Kaohsiung Girls' Senior High School
3206:
2507:
1185:
179:
1949:. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. p. 283.
3849:Religious organizations established in 1967
3681:Chung Shan Industrial and Commercial School
2125:"Taiwan's Socially Engaged Buddhist Groups"
1226:
3750:
3736:
3213:
3199:
2514:
2500:
2122:
2021:"Come to Taiwan,Return with good memories"
1667:, and the statue of Amitabha in far right.
1192:
1178:
34:
3538:YM Museum of Marine Exploration Kaohsiung
2683:Fo Guang Shan Saint Louis Buddhist Center
2242:
2140:
1677:The Four Verses of Fo Guang Shan and BLIA
1235:organization and monastic order based in
2544:Buddha's Light International Association
1909:Buddha's Light International Association
1654:
1596:
1498:
1448:
1357:
1261:Buddha's Light International Association
2243:Johnson, Ian; Wu, Adam (24 June 2017).
1980:
1714:
1444:
3859:Buddhist organizations based in Taiwan
3836:
3706:Municipal Kaohsiung Senior High School
3513:National Science and Technology Museum
269:
3731:
3194:
2495:
2469:, Journal of Global Buddhism 3, 46–78
2293:from the original on 6 September 2017
1592:
1538:
3648:National Kaohsiung Normal University
3026:Geneva Conference Centre of Buddhism
2870:Fo Guang Shan Neihu Chan Jing Center
2850:Fo Guang Shan Thousand Buddha Temple
2263:from the original on 26 January 2018
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2023:. Info.taiwan.net.tw. Archived from
2001:from the original on 31 January 2018
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1247:of Chan Buddhism. The headquarters,
3006:Fo Guang Shan Tempel Frankfurt e.V.
2920:Fo Guang Shan Macau Buddhist Centre
2915:Fo Guang Vihara (Hong Kong) Limited
1481:, and Sunday schools for children.
1340:purchased more than 30 hectares in
40:The Fo Guang Shan logo: a standing
13:
3518:Republic of China Air Force Museum
3220:
2753:Templo Budista Fo Guang Shan Chile
2688:American Buddhist Cultural Society
2633:New Jersey Buddhist Culture Center
1875:Fo Guang Shan Temple, Christchurch
1695:
1635:To foster talent through education
14:
3870:
3447:Former British Consulate at Takao
3152:Fo Guang Shan Tsunglin University
2880:Fo Guang Shan Anguo Temple Taipei
2521:
2476:
2107:
1963:
1650:
1564:, with the first character being
3720:¹ — Mountain indigenous district
3665:National University of Kaohsiung
3001:Fo Guang Shan Tempel Berlin e.V.
2673:Denver Buddhist Cultural Society
1785:
1769:
1753:
1737:
1721:
1366:, the headquarters of the order.
333:
3660:National Sun Yat-sen University
3584:Kaohsiung International Airport
3483:Kaohsiung Hakka Cultural Museum
2723:Fo Guang Shan Temple of Toronto
2638:Fo Guang Buddhist Temple Boston
2452:
2422:
2396:
2370:
2352:
2331:
2305:
2275:
2236:
2219:Encyclopedia of Global Religion
1473:The organization also operates
295:
3759:Four Great Mountains of Taiwan
2860:Fo Guang Shan Taipei Way-Place
2840:Fo Guang Shan Yuan Ming Temple
2835:Fo Guang Shan Ling Shan Temple
2784:Bloemfontein Meditation Centre
2728:Vancouver Fo Guang Shan Temple
2360:"Fo Guang Shan Online Service"
2209:
2183:
2157:
2142:10.4000/chinaperspectives.2803
2080:
2039:
2013:
1946:Wild Geese: Buddhism in Canada
1936:
1845:Fo Guang Shan Temple, Auckland
1289:
1280:
1243:whose roots are traced to the
1221:
1212:
268:
254:
240:
226:
180:
1:
3493:Kaohsiung Museum of Fine Arts
3478:Kaohsiung Astronomical Museum
1981:Johnson, Ian (24 June 2017).
1929:
1894:Four Great Mountains (Taiwan)
1869:Fo Guang Shan New York Temple
1851:Fo Guang Shan Temple, Toronto
1626:
1533:
1423:
3696:Kaohsiung Medical University
3508:Meinong Hakka Culture Museum
2950:Fo Guang Shan Mabuhay Temple
2905:Fukuoka Fo Guang Shan Temple
2830:Fo Guang Shan Lanyang Temple
2406:(in Chinese). Archived from
2313:"Regional Interfaith report"
2056:10.1109/COMPSYM.2010.5685523
1899:Four Heavenly Kings (Taiwan)
1809:Fo Guang Shan Mabuhay Temple
136:FGS Sangha Affairs Committee
7:
3579:Kaohsiung Fisherman's Wharf
3559:Chang-Gu World Trade Center
3498:Kaohsiung Museum of History
3067:Fo Guang Shan Er You Temple
2981:London Fo Guang Shan Temple
2930:Fo Guang Shan Temple, Tawau
2825:Fo Guang Shan Buddha Museum
2779:Newcastle Meditation Centre
2678:Nevada Buddhist Association
1882:
1863:London Fo Guang Shan Temple
1801:
1511:Fo Guang Shan Buddha Museum
1504:Fo Guang Shan Buddha Museum
1495:Fo Guang Shan Buddha Museum
1433:Social and medical programs
675:
643:
611:
588:
10:
3875:
2910:Seoul Fo Guang Shan Temple
2875:Fo Guang Shan Da Ci Vihara
2865:Fo Guang Shan Pumen Temple
2845:Fo Guang Shan Ji Le Temple
2794:Miao Jue Meditation Centre
2693:The Light of Buddha Temple
1331:
3798:
3765:
3718:
3691:Kaohsiung Japanese School
3686:Kaohsiung American School
3673:
3633:
3626:
3546:
3503:Kaohsiung Museum of Labor
3460:
3439:
3432:
3228:
3160:
3109:
3044:
2973:
2812:
2789:Cape Town Cultural Centre
2761:
2663:Chung Mei Buddhist Temple
2600:
2593:
2552:
2529:
2458:Chandler, Stuart (2002).
1914:Beautiful Life Television
1645:
1547:
1233:Chinese Mahāyāna Buddhist
306:
285:
278:
261:
247:
233:
219:
212:
207:
203:
195:
173:
169:
164:
140:
128:
115:
105:
87:
75:
67:
57:
49:
33:
26:
3569:Dragon and Tiger Pagodas
2986:Fo Guang Shan Manchester
2799:Durban Meditation Centre
1710:Offer others convenience
27:
3488:Kaohsiung Harbor Museum
3174:Siddhartha: The Musical
3072:Fo Guang Shan Melbourne
2935:Fo Guang Shan Singapore
2820:Fo Guang Shan Monastery
2346:16 October 2014 at the
1823:, Queensland, Australia
1701:Offer others confidence
1555:Fo Guang Shan Monastery
1509:Building plans for the
1393:Chinese Communist Party
1364:Fo Guang Shan Monastery
1249:Fo Guang Shan Monastery
678:Śūraṅgama Samādhi Sūtra
199:Buddha's Light Mountain
92:Fo Guang Shan Monastery
71:Buddhist Monastic Order
3614:Urban Spotlight Arcade
3523:Soya-Mixed Meat Museum
3117:University of the West
2804:Fo Guang Shan du Congo
2733:Fo Guang Shan Montreal
2574:(1995–1997, 1997–2005)
1924:University of the West
1841:, Berkeley, Australia
1674:
1668:
1602:
1506:
1470:in the United States.
1468:University of the West
1454:
1367:
1299:University of the West
708:Tathāgataguhyaka Sūtra
655:Tathāgatagarbha sūtras
134:FGS Board of Directors
3452:Holy Rosary Cathedral
2594:Temples and Wayplaces
2465:11 April 2018 at the
2222:. SAGE. p. 406.
1859:, Central Florida, US
1670:
1658:
1600:
1502:
1452:
1401:CCP general secretary
1361:
1270:, the order promotes
669:Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra
646:Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra
590:Buddhāvataṃsaka Sūtra
575:Prajñāpāramitā sūtras
3775:Dharma Drum Mountain
3767:Four Great Mountains
3533:Takao Railway Museum
2991:Fo Guang Shan France
2965:Iloilo Fo Guang Yuan
2718:Fo Guang Shan Hawaii
2340:A Buddhist Christmas
2050:. pp. 187–191.
1715:Abbots and directors
1445:Educational programs
1318:Dharma Drum Mountain
1314:Four Great Mountains
1305:and secular fields.
420:Bodhisattva Precepts
380:Transcendent Virtues
3800:Four Heavenly Kings
3528:Taiwan Sugar Museum
3122:Fo Guang University
2643:IBPS North Carolina
2539:Humanistic Buddhism
2384:on 22 December 2014
2195:www.taipeitimes.com
2169:www.taipeitimes.com
2027:on 27 February 2012
1919:Fo Guang University
1574:dharma transmission
1522:that symbolize the
1459:Fo Guang University
1310:Four Heavenly Kings
1295:Fo Guang University
1272:Humanistic Buddhism
1266:Founded in 1967 by
1241:Humanistic Buddhism
1205:Fo Guang Shan (FGS)
1091:Regional traditions
630:Lalitavistara Sūtra
605:Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra
598:Mahāratnakūṭa Sūtra
494:Prajñāpāramitā Devī
410:Non-abiding Nirvana
375:Transcendent Wisdom
81:Humanistic Buddhism
23:
3589:Liuhe Night Market
3564:Cijin–Gushan ferry
3473:Cijin Shell Museum
3468:Chung Li-ho Museum
3142:Pu-Men High School
3137:Guang Ming College
3132:Nan Tien Institute
2713:Fo Guang Shan Guam
2436:on 6 December 2015
2249:The New York Times
2197:. 14 February 2023
2129:China Perspectives
1987:The New York Times
1889:Buddhism in Taiwan
1669:
1663:logo, a statue of
1603:
1593:Dharma propagation
1539:Board of directors
1507:
1475:Pu-Men High School
1466:in Taiwan and the
1455:
1382:Pure Land Buddhism
1368:
1362:An aerial view of
715:Kāraṇḍavyūha Sūtra
701:Golden Light Sutra
614:Vimalakirtinirdeśa
430:Bodhisattva stages
395:Consciousness-only
21:
3831:
3830:
3725:
3724:
3714:
3713:
3622:
3621:
3188:
3187:
3127:Nanhua University
3105:
3104:
3062:Chung Tian Temple
2960:Yuan Thong Temple
2885:Bukouzan Housuiji
2648:Guang Ming Temple
2171:. 7 February 2023
2065:978-1-4244-7639-8
1857:Guang Ming Temple
1821:Chung Tian Temple
1707:Offer others hope
1528:Shakyamuni Buddha
1524:Four Noble Truths
1464:Nanhua University
1229:
1202:
1201:
687:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra
662:Śrīmālādevī Sūtra
637:Samādhirāja Sūtra
360:Mind of Awakening
326:Mahāyāna Buddhism
310:
309:
302:
301:
214:Standard Mandarin
160:
159:
79:Dissemination of
3866:
3752:
3745:
3738:
3729:
3728:
3655:
3631:
3630:
3440:Historical sites
3437:
3436:
3215:
3208:
3201:
3192:
3191:
3097:FGS Christchurch
3021:IBPS Switzerland
2895:Tokyo Bukkozanji
2653:Xiang Yun Temple
2598:
2597:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2485:Official website
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2432:. Archived from
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2366:on 7 April 2006.
2362:. Archived from
2356:
2350:
2337:Lovelock, Yann,
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2319:on 10 April 2013
2315:. Archived from
2309:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2144:
2120:
2105:
2104:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1978:
1961:
1960:
1940:
1829:, California, US
1789:
1773:
1757:
1741:
1725:
1704:Offer others joy
1346:Kaohsiung County
1303:Buddhist Studies
1291:
1282:
1251:, is located in
1230:
1227:
1223:
1214:
1194:
1187:
1180:
969:Hongzhi Zhengjue
786:Tibetan Buddhism
694:Ghanavyūha sūtra
682:
650:
623:Pure Land Sutras
618:
593:
554:Wrathful deities
337:
327:
312:
311:
298:
297:
274:
273:
272:
257:
256:
243:
242:
229:
228:
205:
204:
191:
190:
162:
161:
156:
153:
151:
149:
147:
38:
24:
20:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3854:Buddhist orders
3834:
3833:
3832:
3827:
3794:
3761:
3756:
3726:
3721:
3710:
3669:
3653:
3635:
3618:
3542:
3456:
3428:
3224:
3219:
3189:
3184:
3156:
3101:
3057:IBAA Parramatta
3052:Nan Tien Temple
3040:
2969:
2940:Dong Zen Temple
2808:
2757:
2613:Hsi Fang Temple
2589:
2548:
2525:
2520:
2483:
2482:
2479:
2467:Wayback Machine
2455:
2450:
2449:
2439:
2437:
2430:"FGS Singapore"
2428:
2427:
2423:
2413:
2411:
2410:on 1 March 2021
2402:
2401:
2397:
2387:
2385:
2378:"FGS Singapore"
2376:
2375:
2371:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2348:Wayback Machine
2336:
2332:
2322:
2320:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2296:
2294:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2266:
2264:
2241:
2237:
2230:
2214:
2210:
2200:
2198:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2174:
2172:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2121:
2108:
2101:
2085:
2081:
2066:
2044:
2040:
2030:
2028:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2004:
2002:
1979:
1964:
1957:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1885:
1880:
1839:Nan Tien Temple
1817:, Cotia, Brazil
1804:
1797:
1795:
1790:
1781:
1779:
1774:
1765:
1763:
1758:
1749:
1747:
1742:
1733:
1731:
1726:
1717:
1698:
1696:BLIA guidelines
1679:
1653:
1648:
1629:
1595:
1550:
1541:
1536:
1497:
1447:
1435:
1426:
1353:Amitābha Buddha
1334:
1290:bāzōng jiānhóng
1239:that practices
1198:
1169:
1168:
1092:
1084:
1083:
1079:Thích Nhất Hạnh
1074:14th Dalai Lama
1009:Abhayākaragupta
824:
816:
815:
731:
721:
720:
569:
567:Mahayana sutras
559:
558:
469:
455:
454:
425:Bodhisattva vow
345:
325:
249:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
196:Literal meaning
144:
135:
131:
118:
108:
45:
29:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3872:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3804:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3790:Chung Tai Shan
3787:
3782:
3777:
3771:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3755:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3732:
3723:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3650:
3645:
3639:
3637:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3604:Pratas Islands
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3443:
3441:
3434:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3339:
3334:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3222:Kaohsiung City
3218:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3195:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3170:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3077:IBAA Chatswood
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2945:Hsingma Temple
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2855:Jiantan Temple
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2774:Pu Jiue Temple
2771:
2769:Nan Hua Temple
2765:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2748:IBPS Argentina
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2703:IBPS South Bay
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2628:IBPS Deer Park
2625:
2620:
2618:San Bao Temple
2615:
2610:
2608:Hsi Lai Temple
2604:
2602:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2586:(2013–present)
2581:
2575:
2569:
2563:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2519:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2478:
2477:External links
2475:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2421:
2395:
2369:
2351:
2330:
2304:
2274:
2235:
2228:
2208:
2182:
2156:
2106:
2099:
2079:
2064:
2038:
2012:
1962:
1955:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1872:
1871:. New York, US
1866:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1835:, South Africa
1833:Nan Hua Temple
1830:
1827:Hsi Lai Temple
1824:
1818:
1812:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1796:(2013–present)
1791:
1784:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1734:
1727:
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1713:
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1711:
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1705:
1702:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1678:
1675:
1652:
1651:Official motto
1649:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1628:
1625:
1594:
1591:
1549:
1546:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1496:
1493:
1446:
1443:
1434:
1431:
1425:
1422:
1418:Chen Chien-jen
1389:mainland China
1373:Chen Shui-bian
1333:
1330:
1326:Chung Tai Shan
1297:in Taiwan and
1253:Dashu District
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1093:
1090:
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1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1034:Rangjung Dorje
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1004:Ratnākaraśānti
1001:
996:
994:Śaṅkaranandana
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
944:Shāntarakshita
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
825:
822:
821:
818:
817:
814:
813:
811:Chung Tai Shan
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
732:
727:
726:
723:
722:
719:
718:
711:
704:
697:
690:
683:
672:
665:
658:
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640:
633:
626:
619:
608:
601:
594:
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564:
561:
560:
557:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
514:Avalokiteśvara
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
470:
461:
460:
457:
456:
453:
452:
450:Three Turnings
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
405:Three vehicles
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
370:Skillful Means
367:
362:
357:
352:
346:
343:
342:
339:
338:
330:
329:
321:
320:
308:
307:
304:
303:
300:
299:
292:
283:
282:
276:
275:
265:
259:
258:
251:
245:
244:
237:
231:
230:
223:
217:
216:
210:
209:
208:Transcriptions
201:
200:
197:
193:
192:
177:
171:
170:
167:
166:
158:
157:
142:
138:
137:
132:
129:
126:
125:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
107:Region served
106:
103:
102:
89:
85:
84:
77:
73:
72:
69:
65:
64:
59:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
39:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3871:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3844:Fo Guang Shan
3842:
3841:
3839:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3780:Fo Guang Shan
3778:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3753:
3748:
3746:
3741:
3739:
3734:
3733:
3730:
3717:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3674:Other schools
3672:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3632:
3629:
3625:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
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3529:
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3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
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3499:
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3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3459:
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3445:
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3442:
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3435:
3431:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
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3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
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3346:
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3340:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3216:
3211:
3209:
3204:
3202:
3197:
3196:
3193:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3161:Miscellaneous
3159:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3112:
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1024:Sakya Pandita
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964:Dahui Zonggao
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796:Fo Guang Shan
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729:Major schools
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440:Luminous mind
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365:Buddha-nature
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83:in daily life
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52:
48:
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37:
32:
25:
22:Fo Guang Shan
19:
3779:
3636:universities
3609:Shoushan Zoo
3554:85 Sky Tower
3173:
3168:Wu Po-hsiung
3092:FGS Auckland
3087:IBAA Kogarah
3011:IBPS Belgium
2698:IBPS Chicago
2522:
2453:Bibliography
2438:. Retrieved
2434:the original
2424:
2412:. Retrieved
2408:the original
2398:
2386:. Retrieved
2382:the original
2372:
2364:the original
2354:
2339:
2333:
2321:. Retrieved
2317:the original
2307:
2295:. Retrieved
2286:
2277:
2265:. Retrieved
2248:
2238:
2218:
2211:
2199:. Retrieved
2194:
2185:
2173:. Retrieved
2168:
2159:
2132:
2128:
2089:
2082:
2047:
2041:
2029:. Retrieved
2025:the original
2015:
2003:. Retrieved
1986:
1945:
1938:
1904:Linji school
1671:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1604:
1583:
1579:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1551:
1542:
1515:tooth relics
1508:
1490:
1483:
1472:
1456:
1440:
1436:
1427:
1416:and Premier
1414:Tsai Ing-wen
1411:
1408:
1386:
1369:
1350:
1335:
1307:
1288:
1265:
1245:Linji school
1220:
1204:
1203:
1064:D. T. Suzuki
869:Buddhapālita
795:
713:
706:
699:
692:
685:
676:
667:
660:
653:
645:
635:
628:
621:
612:
603:
596:
581:
573:
467:Bodhisattvas
400:Three bodies
280:Southern Min
255:Forguangshan
221:Hanyu Pinyin
88:Headquarters
44:over a globe
18:
3433:Attractions
3016:IBPS Sweden
2668:IBPS Kansas
2658:IBPS Dallas
2580:(2005–2013)
2568:(1985–1995)
2562:(1967–1985)
2440:22 December
2388:22 December
2297:6 September
2031:15 February
1780:(2005–2013)
1764:(1997–2005)
1748:(1985–1995)
1732:(1967–1985)
1562:dharma name
1484:Along with
1102:Han Chinese
924:Amoghavajra
899:Bodhidharma
889:Candrakīrti
884:Dharmakīrti
879:Bhāvaviveka
834:Ashvaghosha
823:Key figures
582:Lotus Sūtra
539:Ākāśagarbha
534:Kṣitigarbha
524:Vajrasattva
415:One Vehicle
350:Bodhisattva
227:Fóguāngshān
50:Established
3838:Categories
3599:Love River
3594:Lotus Pond
3574:Dream Mall
3036:IBPS Spain
2996:IBPS Paris
2708:IBPS Miami
2414:25 October
2323:29 January
2283:"佛光山佛陀紀念館"
2175:7 February
1930:References
1627:Objectives
1534:Governance
1424:Activities
1404:Xi Jinping
1397:leadership
1344:Township,
1044:Longchenpa
1039:Tsongkhapa
954:Mazu Daoyi
939:Shāntideva
864:Sthiramati
859:Vasubandhu
849:Kumārajīva
806:Fa Gu Shan
736:Mādhyamaka
484:Adi-Buddha
474:Shakyamuni
435:Pure Lands
390:Two truths
355:Buddhahood
241:ㄈㄛˊ ㄍㄨㄤ ㄕㄢ
130:Main organ
121:Most Ven.
117:Head Abbot
3823:Wei Chueh
3818:Cheng Yen
3813:Hsing Yun
3808:Sheng-yen
3627:Education
3229:Districts
2900:Osaka FGS
2572:Hsin Ting
2566:Hsin Ping
2560:Hsing Yun
2534:Hsing Yun
2257:0362-4331
2151:1996-4617
1995:0362-4331
1761:Hsin Ting
1745:Hsin Ping
1729:Hsing Yun
1377:Kaohsiung
1338:Hsing Yun
1336:In 1967,
1268:Hsing Yun
1257:Kaohsiung
1159:Indonesia
1069:Sheng-yen
844:Lokakṣema
829:Nāgārjuna
781:Vajrayāna
771:Pure Land
519:Vajrapāṇi
504:Vairocana
489:Akshobhya
385:Emptiness
344:Teachings
111:Worldwide
96:Kaohsiung
62:Hsing Yun
3404:Yancheng
3399:Tianliao
3383:Siaogang
3358:Niaosong
3316:Liouguei
3286:Gangshan
3281:Fongshan
3241:Cianjhen
2601:Americas
2584:Hsin Bau
2578:Hsin Pei
2463:Archived
2344:Archived
2291:Archived
2287:佛光山佛陀紀念館
2261:Archived
2074:18858823
1999:Archived
1883:See also
1853:, Canada
1802:Branches
1793:Hsin Bau
1777:Hsin Pei
1665:Maitreya
1587:Hsin Bau
1154:Malaysia
1149:Mongolia
989:Nichiren
914:Xuanzang
839:Āryadeva
791:Dzogchen
776:Nichiren
741:Yogācāra
529:Maitreya
509:Mañjuśrī
479:Amitabha
317:a series
315:Part of
235:Bopomofo
123:Hsin Bau
3785:Tzu Chi
3634:Public
3461:Museums
3424:Zuoying
3419:Zihguan
3409:Yanchao
3393:Taoyuan
3388:Sinsing
3378:Shanlin
3363:Qieding
3342:Namasia
3326:Meinong
3311:Linyuan
3301:Jiasian
3251:Ciaotou
3246:Cianjin
3110:Schools
3045:Oceania
2404:"佛光四句偈"
2267:25 June
2201:20 July
2005:25 June
1486:Tzu Chi
1332:History
1322:Tzu Chi
1277:Chinese
1209:Chinese
1129:Tibetan
1124:Vietnam
1054:Hanshan
1029:Dolpopa
979:Shinran
909:Shandao
904:Huineng
874:Dignāga
801:Tzu Chi
766:Shingon
746:Tiantai
463:Buddhas
445:Dharani
287:Hokkien
175:Chinese
141:Website
76:Purpose
58:Founder
3547:Others
3414:Yongan
3373:Sanmin
3353:Neimen
3348:Nanzih
3331:Maolin
3306:Lingya
3291:Gushan
3266:Daliao
3261:Cishan
2974:Europe
2762:Africa
2553:Abbots
2255:
2226:
2149:
2135:(59).
2097:
2072:
2062:
1993:
1953:
1646:Mottos
1606:Dharma
1568:("心",
1548:Abbots
1520:stupas
1324:, and
1287::
1285:pinyin
1279::
1237:Taiwan
1219::
1217:pinyin
1211::
1144:Bhutan
1109:Taiwan
1049:Hakuin
1019:Atisha
1014:Nāropā
999:Virūpa
949:Wohnyo
929:Saichō
919:Fazang
854:Asanga
756:Huayan
751:Tendai
100:Taiwan
42:Buddha
3368:Renwu
3337:Mituo
3321:Lujhu
3296:Hunei
3276:Dashe
3271:Dashu
3256:Cijin
3236:Alian
2070:S2CID
1342:Dashu
1139:Newar
1134:Nepal
1119:Korea
1114:Japan
1097:China
1059:Taixu
984:Dōgen
974:Hōnen
959:Jinul
934:Kūkai
894:Zhiyi
2813:Asia
2442:2014
2416:2019
2390:2014
2325:2013
2299:2017
2269:2017
2253:ISSN
2224:ISBN
2203:2024
2177:2023
2147:ISSN
2133:2005
2095:ISBN
2060:ISBN
2033:2012
2007:2017
1991:ISSN
1951:ISBN
1865:, UK
1661:BLIA
1566:Hsin
1281:八宗兼弘
1228:lit.
1164:West
549:Tara
465:and
150:.org
148:.fgs
68:Type
53:1967
2137:doi
2052:doi
1570:xin
1399:of
1213:佛光山
761:Zen
290:POJ
263:IPA
154:/en
152:.tw
146:www
28:佛光山
3840::
2289:.
2285:.
2259:.
2251:.
2247:.
2193:.
2167:.
2145:.
2131:.
2127:.
2109:^
2068:.
2058:.
1997:.
1989:.
1985:.
1965:^
1420:.
1328:.
1320:,
1283:;
1263:.
1255:,
1225:;
1215:;
319:on
98:,
94:,
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2444:.
2418:.
2392:.
2327:.
2301:.
2271:.
2232:.
2205:.
2179:.
2153:.
2139::
2103:.
2076:.
2054::
2035:.
2009:.
1959:.
1275:(
1207:(
1193:e
1186:t
1179:v
188:山
185:光
182:佛
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