335:, it was reported that 2,300 men, 1970 wagons, 840 horses, 4,000 mules, 15,000 oxen, 73 carriages, and over 1,900 tons of freight left Missouri for New Mexico. It became apparent an additional fortification was required to protect the trade routes. Fort Larned's location was chosen by William Bent, an agent for the Upper Arkansas Indians. Bent stated, "I consider it essential to have two permanent stations for troops, one at the mouth of Pawnee Fork, and one at Big Timbers, both upon the Arkansas River....To control them (the Indians), it is essential to have among them the perpetual presence of a controlling military force."
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470:– The first sandstone structure to be completed was the blockhouse. It provided for defense. Built with two floor, each with loopholes to defend from attackers. It included an underground well. As the threat of attack diminished, the blockhouse was converted into the post's prison. The well tunnel was partially filled and used for solitary confinement. The rifle loopholes were also filled. The blockhouse is the only sandstone building that has been completely rebuilt, though it has been located on its original foundation.
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379:. During the winter of 1868–69, U.S. Major General Philip H. Sheridan launched a campaign against the Cheyenne, Kiowa, and Comanche Indians in the Great Plains region. Sheridan's men attacked any who resisted, taking their supplies and livestock and pushing the remaining Indians back into their reservations. By the end of the Winter Campaign, Sheridan had forced a majority of the Indians in the Fort Larned area on to reservations.
399:
125:
100:
327:, the paymaster general of the United States Army at the time the post was established. Larned experienced a lengthy military career, first serving as an ensign in the 21st Infantry during the War of 1812. He was promoted to captain after the defense of Fort Erie, and by 1854 Larned was a colonel and had been appointed paymaster general. Despite the town and fort bearing his name, Colonel Larned never came to Kansas.
76:
343:
and harassment of travelers by Plains
Indians increased during the Civil War years. On July 17, 1864, Kiowa Indians raided Fort Larned and stole 172 horses and mules from the corral. The raiders were pursued but never caught. In 1865 a system of escorting wagon trains was established, and all merchants were forbidden travel westward beyond Fort Larned without an armed escort.
390:, with the owners living in the house of the commanding officer and the employees residing in what had been the officers' quarters. In 1957 the Fort Larned Historical Society was founded to develop and open the site as a tourist attraction. The fort was designated as a National Landmark in 1961, and in 1964 it was incorporated as a unit of the National Park System.
311:
from hostile Native
Americans. It was renamed Camp Alert in 1860, as the small garrison of about 50 men had to remain constantly alert for Indians. In May 1860 it was moved upstream, 3 miles (4.8 km) 30 miles to the west up the Pawnee Fork, and by the end of the month was renamed Fort Larned. It
342:
When the Civil War erupted in 1861, Fort Larned witnessed its first action and hostility from the
Indians. Soldiers in the regular army were removed from the post to join the growing conflict in the East, leaving the fort to be operated by volunteer troops from Kansas, Colorado, and Wisconsin. Raids
346:
Though the fort was never directly involved in any Civil War engagements, one incident nearly brought the fighting to Larned. In May 1862, Confederate
General Albert Pike arranged an alliance with some Kiowa and Seminole Indians with intentions of capturing Forts Larned and Wise. The plan was never
338:
The fort's original structures were poorly constructed and inadequate. Built of adobe bricks, Fort Larned consisted of an officer's quarters, two combination storehouses and barracks, a guardhouse, two laundresses' quarters, and a hospital, with a bakery and meat house being later additions. After
744:
The 10th US Cavalry, stationed at Fort Larned from 1867 to 1869, was one of the first two all-black cavalry units utilized in the country, along with the 9th US Cavalry. On
January 2, 1869, the 10th Cavalry's stables at Fort Larned burned to the ground. The fire killed dozens of horses, destroyed
382:
Renovations to Fort Larned took place between 1866 and 1868. The original sod and adobe structures were removed and replaced with the sandstone buildings that make up the fort today. By 1871, no escorts were required for the wagon trains traveling on the Santa Fe Trail, eliminating the need for
435:
and wheelwrights $ 90. Soldiers who had skills could take on extra duty working in the shops building as laborers, blacksmiths, and mechanics. The bakery was at the north end of the shops and baked bread. The bread was allowed to "dry" on racks for at least two days before being served.
587:, are furnished to their original appearance. Fort Larned National Historic Site is open daily, year-round, and admission is free. The park offers several special events throughout the year, living history demonstrations, and ranger-guided tours.
339:
its establishment, nearby Plains
Indians began to respect the trail commerce. In August, 1861, Colonel Leavenworth, reporting from Fort Larned, stated the Indians had left the Santa Fe trail area and there was no apprehension of any hostilities.
442:– An important role for a frontier fort was as a place to store the supplies that kept the Army functioning, including food, ammunition, and clothing. The first sandstone buildings completed after the blockhouse. The first two, the Old
383:
military presence in the region. The post was abandoned on July 13, 1878, and on March 26, 1883, the Fort Larned
Military Reservation was transferred from the War Department to the General Land Office of the Department of the Interior.
1523:
330:
As the
American government claimed vast amounts of land west of the Mississippi River, trade and commerce with the territories grew exponentially. According to one source in 1859, trade had risen $ 10,000,000 annually. In the
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surveys were conducted at the fort to attempt to determine the location of the stables, which had been lost. The surveys identified several areas of anomalies consistent with locations of buildings, as well as evidence of
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464:. The officer' were divided into two halls, each with four rooms; a lieutenant was housed in one room while captains could claim two. In the rear of each half of the building was a kitchen and servant's quarters.
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camp, inciting the villagers to flee. Hancock ordered the village burned, beginning a summer of warfare known as
Hancock's War. Fort Larned assisted in bringing Hancock's War to an end by supplying the
635:
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1559:
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1200:
320:
of 1861. The fort's service ended as a combination of the tribes' relocation to reservations and the completion of railroads across Kansas that ended the need for the Santa Fe Trail.
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on the north side of the Fort. The barracks housed up to four companies. On average, just 100 or 150 troops were stationed here. By 1868, a peak of 400 and 500.
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served the same purpose as Camp Alert and as an agency for the administration of the
Central Plains Indians by the
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Storehouse, brandish loopholes from which the fort could be defended with rifle fire in the event of an attack.
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With nine historic buildings, the fort survives as one of the best-preserved examples of
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which operated from 1859 to 1878. It is approximately 5.5 miles (8.9 km) west of
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Larned, Kansas and the fort that was constructed there are named in honor of Colonel
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The following units were stationed at Fort Larned during its 19 years of operation:
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University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places
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carried out, as the Indians left for their annual hunt when the weather improved.
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to the land that occurred after the buildings were no longer used as a fort.
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Fort Larned, Commissary Storehouse & Stables, Larned, Pawnee County, KS
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Fort Larned, Blacksmith & Wheelwright Shop, Larned, Pawnee County, KS
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Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Kansas
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chiefs with his military power. After the meeting, Hancock, along with
1614:
List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places
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were hired at high wages. In 1867, a blacksmiths made $ 85 a month,
1125:
Fort Larned, Commanding Officer Quarters, Larned, Pawnee County, KS
874:
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410:
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chiefs on April 12, 1867, in which Hancock intended to impress the
355:
1132:
Fort Larned, Officers' Quarters (North), Larned, Pawnee County, KS
1118:
Fort Larned, Officers' Quarters (South), Larned, Pawnee County, KS
307:
was established on October 22, 1859, to protect traffic along the
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398:
1111:
Fort Larned, Quartermaster Storehouse, Larned, Pawnee County, KS
1824:
1694:
292:
1097:
Fort Larned, Bakery & Mess Hall, Larned, Pawnee County, KS
386:
From 1885 to 1966, the buildings housed the headquarters of a
75:
2072:
National Register of Historic Places in Pawnee County, Kansas
1185:
1035:
Fort Larned celebrates 50th anniversary as national park site
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238:
2062:
Forts on the National Register of Historic Places in Kansas
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959:"Cavalry Stable Area (Fort Larned National Historic Site)"
124:
99:
1004:
National Park Service: Fort Larned National Historic Site
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traveled west of Fort Larned to a combined Cheyenne and
1083:
Fort Larned, Barracks (East), Larned, Pawnee County, KS
1076:
Fort Larned, Barracks (West), Larned, Pawnee County, KS
423:– Repairs were handled by skilled, civilian tradesmen.
961:. North American Database of Archaeological Geophysics
575:-period forts. Most of the buildings, including the
980:
1216:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
745:equipment, and caused the unit to be reassigned to
1247:List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state
590:
19:"Fort Larned" redirects here. For the horse, see
1998:
1985:Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism
1639:National Register of Historic Places portal
654:McLain’s Independent Colorado Volunteer Battery
402:Schematic of Fort Larned National Historic site
350:Fort Larned was the site of a meeting between
1689:
1675:
1171:
2057:Historic American Buildings Survey in Kansas
80:Fort Larned Flagpole and Commissary Building
1712:National Historic Sites and Historical Park
1120:", 11 photos, 6 measured drawings
1078:", 12 photos, 5 measured drawings
1030:, 1957 article, Kansas Historical Quarterly
917:"Regiments and Years Served at Fort Larned"
16:National Historic Site of the United States
1832:
1682:
1668:
1178:
1164:
1134:", 3 photos, 6 measured drawings
1127:", 6 photos, 7 measured drawings
1113:", 6 photos, 7 measured drawings
1106:", 8 photos, 4 measured drawings
1099:", 5 photos, 4 measured drawings
1092:", 6 photos, 4 measured drawings
1085:", 8 photos, 5 measured drawings
684:48th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment
74:
1187:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
45:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
2052:Protected areas of Pawnee County, Kansas
690:17th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Cavalry
397:
2067:1859 establishments in Kansas Territory
1011:, museum devoted to the history of the
648:12th Regiment Kansas Volunteer Infantry
1999:
780:"National Register Information System"
672:11th Regiment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry
660:15th Regiment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry
636:9th Battery, Wisconsin Light Artillery
2007:National Historic Landmarks in Kansas
1663:
1159:
869:
867:
624:9th Regiment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry
618:2nd Regiment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry
1049:National Register of Historic Places
785:National Register of Historic Places
2047:Protected areas established in 1964
1811:Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve
772:
13:
2042:Military and war museums in Kansas
1602:National Historic Preservation Act
1072:Historic American Buildings Survey
1066:Historic American Buildings Survey
864:
281:Fort Larned National Historic Site
239:Fort Larned National Historic Site
37:Fort Larned National Historic Site
14:
2088:
2022:National Historic Sites in Kansas
1038:, 2014 article, The Wichita Eagle
976:
2037:Museums in Pawnee County, Kansas
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1632:
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559:
547:
535:
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511:
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487:
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123:
116:
98:
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1042:Extensive photos of Fort Larned
666:3rd Wisconsin Volunteer Cavalry
1555:Federated States of Micronesia
1201:Architectural style categories
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930:
909:
888:
843:
822:
804:"Annual Visitation Highlights"
796:
642:1st Colorado Volunteer Cavalry
630:2nd Colorado Volunteer Cavalry
591:Units stationed at Fort Larned
352:General Winfield Scott Hancock
246:
222:Quartermaster Dept., U.S. Army
1:
2077:1964 establishments in Kansas
938:"10th Cavalry at Fort Larned"
765:
132:Show map of the United States
2012:Recreational areas in Kansas
875:"Frequently Asked Questions"
755:electromagnetic conductivity
26:United States historic place
7:
1721:Brown v. Board of Education
678:2nd U.S. Volunteer Infantry
63:U.S. National Historic Site
10:
2093:
1806:Big Basin Prairie Preserve
1607:Historic Preservation Fund
1586:American Legation, Morocco
482:Blockhouse/Magazine/Prison
298:
18:
1979:
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1747:National Wildlife Refuges
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1548:Lists by associated state
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494:Bunk Room in the Barracks
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245:NRHP reference
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1529:Northern Mariana Islands
1074:(HABS) No. KS-21, "
1027:The Story of Fort Larned
314:Bureau of Indian Affairs
940:. National Park Service
919:. National Park Service
898:. National Park Service
877:. National Park Service
853:. National Park Service
832:. National Park Service
810:. National Park Service
364:George Armstrong Custer
316:under the terms of the
1524:Minor Outlying Islands
1507:Lists by insular areas
1221:Keeper of the Register
1130:HABS No. KS-29, "
1123:HABS No. KS-28, "
1116:HABS No. KS-27, "
1109:HABS No. KS-26, "
1102:HABS No. KS-25, "
1095:HABS No. KS-24, "
1088:HABS No. KS-23, "
1081:HABS No. KS-22, "
554:Living History program
506:Junior Officer housing
409:– Barracks housed the
403:
54:U.S. Historic district
1798:Other Protected Areas
1226:National Park Service
1206:Contributing property
1009:Santa Fe Trail Center
830:"History and Culture"
790:National Park Service
401:
377:Medicine Lodge Treaty
187:38.18306°N 99.21806°W
146:Pawnee County, Kansas
1947:Prairie Spirit Trail
1581:District of Columbia
1144:Pawnee County Maps:
751:magnetic gradiometry
530:Fort Larned Cemetery
148:, Kansas route 156,
1780:National Grasslands
333:Missouri Republican
305:Camp on Pawnee Fork
271:Designated NHS
206:718 acres (2.91 km)
192:38.18306; -99.21806
183: /
21:Fort Larned (horse)
1044:, kansastravel.org
738:19th U.S. Infantry
714:37th U.S. Infantry
702:13th U.S. Infantry
404:
325:Benjamin F. Larned
107:Show map of Kansas
1994:
1993:
1975:
1974:
1819:
1818:
1765:Marais des Cygnes
1657:
1656:
1211:Historic district
1015:in city of Larned
998:Official Websites
792:. March 13, 2009.
732:5th U.S. Infantry
726:6th U.S. Infantry
720:10th U.S. Cavalry
708:3rd U.S. Infantry
612:2nd U.S. Dragoons
606:2nd U.S. Infantry
585:officers quarters
295:, United States.
278:
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368:7th U.S. Cavalry
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1957:Tuttle Creek
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1453:South Dakota
1443:Rhode Island
1438:Pennsylvania
1418:North Dakota
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963:. Retrieved
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942:. Retrieved
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354:and several
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156:Nearest city
1942:Prairie Dog
1842:Cedar Bluff
1834:State Parks
1755:Flint Hills
1727:Fort Larned
1574:Other areas
1534:Puerto Rico
1368:Mississippi
1283:Connecticut
1139:County Maps
1060:NRHP Photos
749:. In 1999,
573:Indian Wars
458:lieutenants
425:Blacksmiths
360:Dog Soldier
285:Fort Larned
190: /
166:Coordinates
2001:Categories
1952:Sand Hills
1907:Lake Scott
1887:Glen Elder
1882:Fall River
1867:Eisenhower
1732:Fort Scott
1483:Washington
1403:New Mexico
1398:New Jersey
1273:California
965:2013-12-16
944:2013-12-16
923:2013-12-15
902:2013-12-16
881:2013-12-16
857:2013-12-16
836:2013-12-16
766:References
747:Fort Zarah
581:commissary
566:Commissary
468:Blockhouse
444:Commissary
440:Warehouses
429:carpenters
283:preserves
227:Visitation
178:99°13′05″W
175:38°10′59″N
1902:Kanopolis
1897:Kaw River
1892:Hillsdale
1872:El Dorado
1737:Nicodemus
1493:Wisconsin
1458:Tennessee
1363:Minnesota
1338:Louisiana
740:– 1874–78
734:– 1872–74
728:– 1871–72
722:– 1867–69
710:– 1866–72
698:– 1865–66
674:– 1864–65
662:– 1864–65
644:– 1862–64
638:– 1862–65
632:– 1862–65
626:– 1862–64
614:– 1860–61
608:– 1859–63
542:Warehouse
219:Architect
1912:Lovewell
1877:Elk City
1857:Crawford
1788:Cimarron
1649:Category
1478:Virginia
1428:Oklahoma
1408:New York
1383:Nebraska
1373:Missouri
1358:Michigan
1348:Maryland
1333:Kentucky
1313:Illinois
1288:Delaware
1278:Colorado
1268:Arkansas
1150:Historic
1020:Articles
814:25 April
577:barracks
460:and one
446:and the
433:saddlers
411:infantry
407:Barracks
366:and the
356:Cheyenne
252:66000107
142:Location
1962:Webster
1922:Milford
1852:Clinton
1770:Quivira
1703:Federal
1595:Related
1498:Wyoming
1473:Vermont
1378:Montana
1318:Indiana
1298:Georgia
1293:Florida
1263:Arizona
1253:Alabama
1146:Current
808:nps.gov
462:captain
415:cavalry
299:History
235:Website
1967:Wilson
1937:Pomona
1847:Cheney
1760:Kirwin
1695:Kansas
1433:Oregon
1388:Nevada
1328:Kansas
1303:Hawaii
1258:Alaska
1194:Topics
1152:, KDOT
716:– 1867
704:– 1865
692:– 1865
686:– 1865
680:– 1865
668:– 1864
656:– 1864
650:– 1863
620:– 1862
602:– 1859
583:, and
372:Lakota
293:Kansas
289:Larned
1932:Perry
1917:Meade
1825:State
1565:Palau
1463:Texas
1343:Maine
1308:Idaho
421:Shops
388:ranch
211:Built
1519:Guam
1468:Utah
1423:Ohio
1323:Iowa
816:2021
753:and
427:and
413:and
303:The
214:1860
203:Area
1693:of
247:No.
150:USA
2003::
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23:.
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