865:
1284:
940:
1292:
964:
948:
551:
851:(″Sacred (Buffalo) Hat Keeper″ or ″Keeper of the Sacred (Buffalo) Hat″) must belong to the Só'taeo'o (Northern or Southern alike). In the 1870s tribal leaders became disenchanted with the keeper of the bundle demanded the keeper Broken Dish give up the bundle; he agreed but his wife did not and desecrated the Sacred Hat and its contents; a ceremonial pipe and a buffalo horn were lost. In 1908 a Cheyenne named Three Fingers gave the horn back to the Hat. The pipe came into possession of a Cheyenne named Burnt All Over who gave it to Hattie Goit of
359:
992:
important role in
Cheyenne government. Society leaders were often in charge of organizing hunts and raids as well as ensuring proper discipline and the enforcement of laws within the nation. Each of the six distinct warrior societies of the Cheyenne took turns leadering the nation. The four original military societies of the Cheyenne were the Swift Fox Society, Elk Horn Scrapper or Crooked Lance Society, Shield Society, and the Bowstring Men Society. The fifth society is split between the Crazy Dog Society and the famous
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1919:
1873:
388:
377:
1768:
1676:
3625:
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4024:
956:
2108:
401:
1156:, although the two languages are not mutually intelligible. The Arapaho remained strong allies with the Cheyenne and helped them fight alongside the Lakota and Dakota during Red Cloud's War and the Great Sioux War of 1876, also known commonly as the Black Hills War. On the Southern Plains, the Arapaho and Cheyenne allied with the Comanche, Kiowa, and Plains Apache to fight invading settlers and US soldiers.
1885:
1970:
1469:
902:, a non-Native trader and ally, a large portion of the tribe moved further south and stayed around the area. The other part of the tribe continued to live along the headwaters of the North Platte and Yellowstone rivers. The groups became the Southern Cheyenne, or Sówoníă (Southerners), and the Northern Cheyenne, or O'mǐ'sǐs (Eaters). The two divisions maintained regular and close contact.
343:. Tribal enrollment figures, as of late 2014, indicate that there are approximately 10,840 members, of which about 4,939 reside on the reservation. Approximately 91% of the population are Native Americans (full or part race), with 72.8% identifying themselves as Cheyenne. Slightly more than one-quarter of the population five years or older spoke a language other than English. The
1537:: it established a small reservation for the Cheyenne in southeastern Colorado in exchange for the territory agreed to in the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851. Many Cheyenne did not sign the treaty, and they continued to live and hunt on their traditional grounds in the Smoky Hill and Republican basins, between the Arkansas and the South Platte, where there were plentiful buffalo.
1823:. After the soldiers destroyed the lodges and supplies and confiscated the horses, the Northern Cheyenne soon surrendered. They hoped to remain with the Sioux in the north but the US pressured them to locate with the Southern Cheyenne on their reservation in Indian Territory. After a difficult council, the Northern Cheyenne eventually agreed to go South.
500:, there is no consensus and various origins and translation of the word have been proposed. Grinnell's record is typical and states, "They call themselves Tsistsistas , which the books commonly give as meaning "people". It most likely means related to one another, similarly bred, like us, our people, or us. The term for the Cheyenne homeland is
2155:
A Cheyenne woman has a higher status if she is part of an extended family with distinguished ancestors. Also, if she is friendly and compatible with her female relatives and does not have members in her extended family who are alcoholics or otherwise in disrepute. It is expected of all
Cheyenne women
1662:
There are conflicting claims as to whether the band was hostile or friendly. Historians believe that Chief Black Kettle, head of the band, was not part of the war party but the peace party within the
Cheyenne nation. But, he did not command absolute authority over members of his band and the European
1499:
2096:
Anthropologists debate about
Cheyenne societal organization. On the plains, it appears that they had a bilateral band kinship system. However, some anthropologists reported that the Cheyenne had a matrilineal band system. Studies into whether, and if so, how much the Cheyenne developed a matrilineal
1259:
trails, beginning in the early 1840s, heightened competition with Native
Americans for scarce resources of water and game in arid areas. With resource depletion along the trails, the Cheyenne became increasingly divided into the Northern Cheyenne and Southern Cheyenne, where they could have adequate
1274:
Perhaps from traders, the cholera epidemic reached the Plains
Indians in 1849, resulting in severe loss of life during the summer of that year. Historians estimate about 2,000 Cheyenne died, one-half to two-thirds of their population. There were significant losses among other tribes as well, which
924:
To the north, the
Cheyenne allied with the Lakota, which allowed them to expand their territory into part of their former lands around the Black Hills. By heading into the Rocky Mountains, they managed to escape the 1837–39 smallpox epidemics that swept across the plains from white settlements but
905:
In the southern portion of their territory, the
Cheyenne and Arapaho warred with the allied Comanche, Kiowa, and Plains Apache. Numerous battles were fought including a notable fight along the Washita River in 1836 with the Kiowa which resulted in the death of 48 Cheyenne warriors of the Bowstring
1330:
To reduce intertribal warfare on the Plains, the government officials "assigned" territories to each tribe and had them pledge mutual peace. In addition, the government secured permission to build and maintain roads for
European-American travelers and traders through Indian country on the Plains,
2369:
Indian agent Thomas S. Twiss in Indian
Affairs 1856 estimated the Cheyenne at 2,000 warriors (therefore around 10,000 people) and 1,000 lodges. Indian Affairs 1875 reported them as 4,228 people. Indian Affairs 1900 counted 3,446 (2,037 Southern Cheyenne in Oklahoma and 1,409 Northern Cheyenne in
1163:
when a peaceful encampment of mostly women, children, and the elderly were attacked and massacred by US soldiers. Both major divisions of the Cheyenne, the Northern Cheyenne and Southern Cheyenne were allies to the Arapaho who like the Cheyenne are split into northern and southern divisions. The
1121:
for the US Army, providing valuable tracking skills and information regarding Cheyenne habits and fighting strategies to US soldiers. Some of their enemies such as the Lakota would later in their history become their strong allies, helping the Cheyenne fight against the United States Army during
991:
evolved. Each society had selected leaders who would invite those that they saw worthy enough to their society lodge for initiation into the society. Often, societies would have minor rivalries; however, they might work together as a unit when warring with an enemy. Military societies played an
1226:
The treaties acknowledged that the tribes lived within the United States, vowed perpetual friendship between the US and the tribes, and, recognizing the right of the United States to regulate trade, the tribes promised to deal only with licensed traders. The tribes agreed to forswear private
883:(Hetanevo'eo'o), which would remain strong throughout their history and into the present. The alliance helped the Cheyenne expand their territory that stretched from southern Montana, through most of Wyoming, the eastern half of Colorado, far western Nebraska, and far western Kansas.
429:), which translates to "those who are like this". The Suhtai, also called the Só'taeo'o, Só'taétaneo'o, Sutaio (singular: Só'taétane) traveled with the Tsétsêhéstâhese and merged with them after 1832. The Suhtai had slightly different speech and customs from the Tsétsêhéstâhese.
1659:. Custer claimed 103 Cheyenne "warriors" and an unspecified number of women and children killed whereas different Cheyenne informants named between 11 and 18 men (mostly 10 Cheyenne, 2 Arapaho, 1 Mexican trader) and between 17 and 25 women and children killed in the village.
979:
people who developed as skilled and powerful mounted warriors. A warrior in Cheyenne society is not a fighter but also a protector, provider, and leader. Warriors gained rank in Cheyenne society by performing and accumulating various acts of bravery in battle known as
1628:
Black Kettle continued to desire peace and did not join in the second raid or in the plan to go north to the Powder River country. He left the large camp and returned with 80 lodges of his tribesmen to the Arkansas River, where he intended to seek peace with the US.
1996:
The traditional Cheyenne government system is a politically unified system. The central traditional government system of the Cheyenne is the Arrow Keeper, followed by the Council of Forty-Four. Early in Cheyenne history, three related tribes, known as the
1429:
would prevent the soldiers' guns from firing. They were told that if they dipped their hands in a nearby spring, they had only to raise their hands to repel army bullets. Hands raised, the Cheyenne surrounded the advancing troops as they advanced near the
890:, and on the Arkansas River. The Cheyenne likely hunted and traded in Denver much earlier. They may have migrated to the south for winter. The Hairy Rope band is reputed to have been the first band to move south, capturing wild horses as far south as the
1961:, land which they consider sacred. The Cheyenne also managed to retain their culture, religion and language. Today, the Northern Cheyenne Nation is one of the few American Indian nations to have control over the majority of its land base, currently 98%.
526:(common spelling: Tsisinstsistots). Approximately 800 people speak Cheyenne in Oklahoma. There are only a handful of vocabulary differences between the two locations. The Cheyenne alphabet contains 14 letters. The Cheyenne language is one of the larger
1379:), resulted in the wounding of a Cheyenne warrior. He returned to the Cheyenne on the plains. During the summer of 1856, Indians attacked travelers along the Emigrant Trail near Fort Kearny. In retaliation, the US Cavalry attacked a Cheyenne camp on
1441:, then a young lieutenant, was shot in the breast while attacking a Cheyenne warrior with a sabre. The troops continued on and two days later burned a hastily abandoned Cheyenne camp; they destroyed lodges and the winter supply of buffalo meat.
355:, in western Oklahoma. Their combined population is 12,130, as of 2008. In 2003, approximately 8,000 of these identified themselves as Cheyenne, although with continuing intermarriage it has become increasingly difficult to separate the tribes.
1819:, they formed the core of the Powder River Expedition. It departed in October 1876 to locate the northern Cheyenne villages. On November 25, 1876, his column discovered and defeated a village of Northern Cheyenne in the Dull Knife Fight in
1771:
Cheyenne prisoners in Kansas involved in escape northward. From left to right: Tangle Hair, Wild Hog, Strong Left Hand, George Reynolds (interpreter), Old Crow, Noisy Walker, Porcupine, and Blacksmith. All prisoners were released free from
996:. The sixth society is the Contrary Warrior Society, most notable for riding backward into battle as a sign of bravery. All six societies and their various branches exist among the Southern and Northern Cheyenne nations in present times.
2088:
Each of the ten bands had four seated chief delegates; the remaining four chiefs were the principal advisers of the other delegates. Smaller bands or sub-bands had no right to send delegates to the council. This system also regulated the
906:
society. In summer 1838, many Cheyenne and Arapaho attacked a camp of Kiowa and Comanche along Wolf Creek in Oklahoma resulting in heavy losses from both sides. Among the losses were White Thunder (keeper of the Medicine Arrows and
4449:
1851:. When they said no, they were then locked in the wooden barracks with no food, water or firewood for heat for four days. Most escaped in an estimated forty degrees below zero on January 9, 1879, but all were recaptured or killed.
855:
who in 1911 gave the pipe to the Oklahoma Historical Society. In 1997 the Oklahoma Historal Society negotiated with the Northern Cheyenne to return the pipe to the tribal keeper of the Sacred Medicine Hat Bundle James Black Wolf.
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6188:
299:
of present-day Montana and Wyoming, they introduced the horse culture to Lakota people around 1730. The main group of Cheyenne, the Tsêhéstáno, was once composed of ten bands that spread across the Great Plains from southern
1448:. To punish the Cheyenne, he distributed their annuities to the Arapaho. He intended further punitive actions, but the Army ordered him to Utah because of an outbreak of trouble with the Mormons (this would be known as the
1117:. Many of the enemies the Cheyenne fought were only encountered occasionally, such as on a long-distance raid or hunt. Some of their enemies, particularly the Eastern Plains tribe such as the Pawnee and Osage would act as
4581:
1434:. Sumner ordered a cavalry charge and the troops charged with drawn sabers; the Cheyenne fled. With tired horses after long marches, the cavalry could not engage more than a few Cheyenne, as their horses were fresh.
2156:
to be hardworking, chaste, modest, skilled in traditional crafts, knowledgeable about Cheyenne culture and history and speak Cheyenne fluently. Tribal powwow princesses are expected to have these characteristics.
1175:
The Northern Arapaho were to be assigned a reservation of their own or share one with the Cheyenne; however, the US federal government failed to provide them with either and placed them on the already established
674:
visited a surviving Cheyenne village in what is now North Dakota. Such European explorers learned many different names for the Cheyenne and did not realize how the different sections were forming a unified tribe.
1418:. Sumner's command went west along the North Platte to Fort Laramie, then down along the Front Range to the South Platte. The combined force of 400 troops went east through the plains searching for Cheyenne.
1842:
and reaching the northern area, they split into two bands. That led by Dull Knife (mostly women, children and elders) surrendered and were taken to Fort Robinson, where subsequent events became known as the
1942:
extended the reservation to the west bank of the Tongue River, making a total of 444,157 acres (1,797 km). Those who had homesteaded east of the Tongue River were relocated to the west of the river.
776:
power. The Sacred Buffalo Hat and the Sacred Arrows together form the two great covenants of the Cheyenne Nation. Through these two bundles, Ma'heo'o assures continual life and blessings for the people.
1826:
When the Northern Cheyenne arrived at Indian Territory, conditions were very difficult: rations were inadequate, there were no buffalo near the reservation and, according to several sources, there was
2361:
This is reserved for notible figures of the Cheyenne people, this includes Northern and Southern Cheyenne peoples. Please communicate within the talk section to add or remove notible tribal figures.
1556:. General warfare broke out and Indians made many raids on the trail along the South Platte, which Denver depended on for supplies. The Army closed the road from August 15 until September 24, 1864.
1950:
were finally allowed to return to the Tongue River on their own reservation. Along with the Lakota and Apache, the Cheyenne were the last nations to be overpowered and forced on reservations. (The
1722:
was approximately 10,000, making it one of the largest gatherings of Native Americans in North America in pre-reservation times. News of the event traveled across the United States and reached
2283:
or "Making Medicine," Southern Cheyenne (1847–1931), veteran of the Red River War, Fort Marion prisoner of war, ledger artist, deacon of Whirlwind Mission, sun dancer, canonized saint in the
1582:, as it came to be known, resulted in the death of between 150 and 200 Cheyenne, mostly unarmed women and children. The survivors fled northeast and joined the camps of the Cheyenne on the
925:
were greatly affected by the 1849 cholera epidemic. Contact with Euro-Americans was mostly light, with most contact involving mountain men, traders, explorers, treaty makers, and painters.
4724:
864:
3497:
2192:
1877:
237:
1271:. It spread in mining camps and waterways due to poor sanitation. The disease was generally a major cause of death for emigrants, about one-tenth of whom died during their journeys.
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4754:
4703:
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4530:
263:
and by the mid-19th century, the US government forced them onto reservations. At the time of their first European contact in the 16th century, the Cheyenne lived in what is now
1130:. The Comanche, Kiowa and Plains Apache became allies of the Cheyenne towards the end of the Indian wars on the Southern Plains, fighting together during conflicts such as the
917:
in the Texas and Oklahoma panhandles and northeastern New Mexico to hunt bison and trade. Their expansion in the south and alliance with the Kiowa led to their first raid into
5874:
4459:
1027:
1663:
Americans did not understand this. When younger members of the band took part in raiding parties, European Americans blamed the entire band for the incidents and casualties.
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4454:
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4683:
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other tribes. The women tanned and dressed hides for clothing, shelter, and other uses. They also gathered roots, berries, and other useful plants. From the products of
2732:
1148:
The Cheyenne and Arapaho formed an alliance around 1811 that helped them expand their territories and strengthen their presence on the plains. Like the Cheyenne, the
4815:
4769:
4464:
620:
in 1676. A more recent analysis of early records posits that at least some of the Cheyenne remained in the Mille Lac region of Minnesota until about 1765, when the
4749:
3969:
3613:
1518:
and some emigrants stopped before going on to California. For several years there was peace between settlers and Indians. The only conflicts were related to the
496:
The etymology of the name Tsitsistas (Tsétsėhéstȧhese), which the Cheyenne call themselves, is uncertain. According to the Cheyenne dictionary offered online by
1903:), including Little Wolf, settled near the fort. Many of the Cheyenne worked with the army as scouts. The Cheyenne scouts were pivotal in helping the Army find
4012:
1514:, European-American settlers moved into lands reserved for the Cheyenne and other Plains Indians. Travel greatly increased along the Emigrant Trail along the
913:
Conflict with the Comanche, Kiowa, and Plains Apache ended in 1840 when the tribes allied with each other. The new alliance allowed the Cheyenne to enter the
4484:
4429:
4118:
1087:
748:
Sweet Medicine is the Cheyenne prophet who predicted the coming of the horse, the cow, the white man, and other new things to the Cheyenne. He was named for
4826:
2139:, the women also made lodges, clothing, and other equipment. Their lives were active and physically demanding. The Cheyenne held territory in and near the
1718:
and much of his 7th Cavalry contingent of soldiers. Historians have estimated that the population of the Cheyenne, Lakota and Arapaho encampment along the
1601:. The Indians made numerous raids along the South Platte, both east and west of Julesburg, and raided the fort again in early February. They captured much
1223:, and several bands of the Lakota and Dakota. At that time, the US had competition on the upper Missouri from British traders, who came south from Canada.
5635:
1227:
retaliation for injuries, and to return stolen horses or other goods or compensate the owner. The commission's efforts to contact the Blackfoot and the
3591:
879:
After being pushed south and westward by the Lakota, the Cheyenne began to establish new territory. Around 1811, the Cheyenne formally allied with the
5249:
4799:
3990:
1651:. Although his band was camped on a defined reservation, complying with the government's orders, some of its members had been linked to raiding into
1050:(Vóhkoohétaneo'o – "rabbit people") to the north and west of Cheyenne territory. By the help of the Medicine Arrows (the Mahuts), the Cheyenne tribe
312:. In the mid-19th century, the bands began to split, with some bands choosing to remain near the Black Hills, while others chose to remain near the
5591:
4841:
4774:
4764:
4479:
2393:
1986:
2479:
701:
The Tsétsêhéstâhese / Tsitsistas prophet Motsé'eóeve (Sweet Medicine Standing, Sweet Root Standing, commonly called Sweet Medicine) received the
2677:"Cheyenne Primacy: The Tribes' Perspective As Opposed To That Of The United States Army; A Possible Alternative To "The Great Sioux War Of 1876"
4474:
4469:
1287:
Arapaho and Cheyenne 1851 treaty territory. (Area 426 and 477). Area 477 is the reserve established by treaty of Fort Wise, February 18, 1861.
1231:
were unsuccessful. During their return to Fort Atkinson at the Council Bluff in Nebraska, the commission had successful negotiations with the
4556:
4515:
4494:
1605:
and killed many European Americans. Most of the Indians moved north into Nebraska on their way to the Black Hills and the Powder River. (See
3496:. Northern Cheyenne Social Studies Units. Northern Cheyenne Curriculum Committee, Montana Office of Public Instruction. 2006. Archived from
1911:
in northern Montana. Fort Keogh became a staging and gathering point for the Northern Cheyenne. Many families began to migrate south to the
6198:
5242:
4688:
921:
in 1853. The raid ended in disaster with heavy resistance from Mexican lancers, resulting in all but three of the war party being killed.
2885:
6578:
6573:
6558:
4834:
3606:
256:
2013:
or the "Like Hearted People" who are known today as the "Cheyenne". The unified tribe then divided themselves into ten principal bands:
1830:
among the people. On 9 September 1878, a portion of the Northern Cheyenne, led by Little Wolf and Dull Knife started their trek back to
1275:
weakened their social structures. Perhaps because of severe loss of trade during the 1849 season, Bent's Fort was abandoned and burned.
659:
bands (Ho'óhomo'eo'o). Conflict with migrating Lakota and Ojibwe people forced the Cheyenne further west, and they, in turn, pushed the
6568:
5510:
4864:
4005:
6563:
5063:
6305:
5751:
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984:. The title of war chief could be earned by any warrior who performs enough of the specific coups required to become a war chief.
5628:
3221:
Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1–55, page 6
3120:
1989:. They migrated west in the 18th century and hunted bison on the Great Plains. By the mid-19th century, the US forced them onto
647:
people (Ónoneo'o), adopting many of their cultural characteristics. They were first of the later Plains tribes to move into the
3599:
2580:
1343:
to guard them. The tribes were compensated with annuities of cash and supplies for such encroachment on their territories. The
411:
1425:
White Bull (also called Ice) and Grey Beard (also called Dark), the Cheyenne went into battle believing that strong spiritual
6093:
5265:
3998:
3974:
3257:
3093:
2904:
1977:
Over the past 400 years, the Cheyenne have changed their lifestyles. In the 16th century, they lived in the regions near the
1747:
489:-language bands as "white talkers", and those of other language families, such as the Algonquian Cheyenne, as "red talkers" (
183:
179:
4856:
2445:
1934:
November 16, 1884. It excluded Cheyenne who had homesteaded further east near the Tongue River. The western boundary is the
5083:
1927:
1867:
1552:, began a series of attacks on Indians camping or hunting on the plains. They killed any Indian on sight and initiated the
340:
5458:
5003:
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4663:
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1847:. Dull Knife's group was first offered food and firewood and then, after a week and a half, they were told to go back to
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3455:
3407:
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2997:
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1839:
1776:
Following the Battle of the Little Bighorn, the US Army increased attempts to capture the Cheyenne. In 1879, after the
4020:
1710:, which took place on June 25, 1876. The Cheyenne, together with the Lakota, other Sioux warriors and a small band of
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170:
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717:, northwest of Rapid City, South Dakota, which they carried when they waged tribal-level war and were kept in the
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2697:
Not to be confused with the Bear Butte, near Fort Meade, South Dakota, which was called Náhkȯhévose ("bear hill")
1888:
1296:
1283:
1192:
In the summer of 1825, the tribe was visited on the Upper Missouri River by a US treaty commission consisting of
891:
1590:
rivers. There warriors smoked the war pipe, passing it from camp to camp among the Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho.
1426:
530:
group. Formerly, the Só'taeo'o (Só'taétaneo'o) or Suhtai (Sutaio) bands of Southern and Northern Cheyenne spoke
6381:
5536:
4551:
3880:
3841:
3648:
3551:
3352:
3323:
1541:
1395:
1315:. His efforts to negotiate with the Northern Cheyenne, the Arapaho and other tribes led to a great council at
939:
686:(better known as Suhtai or Sutaio). The latter merged with the Tsétsêhéstâhese in the mid-19th century. Their
562:
The earliest written record of the Cheyenne was in the mid-17th century, when a group of Cheyenne visited the
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5736:
5599:
5484:
5479:
5158:
4673:
4398:
4393:
3314:
2136:
1947:
1855:
1344:
1177:
812:(new term) ("Sacred Hat Lodge, Sacred Hat Tepee"). Erect Horns gave them the accompanying ceremonies and the
741:) and an additional four ″Old Man″ meetings to deliberate at regular tribal gatherings, centered around the
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5796:
5791:
5741:
5681:
5553:
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3415:
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1811:
As part of a US increase in troops following the Battle of the Little Bighorn, the Army reassigned Colonel
1707:
1304:
1291:
1051:
753:
2373:
Cheyenne population has rebounded in the 20th and 21st centuries. The U.S. census of 2020 counted 22,979.
1437:
This was the first battle that the Cheyenne fought against the US Army. Casualties were few on each side;
1319:
in 1851. Treaties were negotiated by a commission consisting of Fitzpatrick and David Dawson Mitchell, US
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2311:
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988:
951:
Ledger drawing showing a battle between a Cheyenne warrior (right) and an Osage or Pawnee warrior (left).
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722:
628:
with firearms — pushing the Cheyenne, in turn, to the Minnesota River, where they were reported in 1766.
352:
225:
92:
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3402:, ed. Savoie Lottinville, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1968. Reprint, trade paperback, 1983.
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2276:
671:
217:
3347:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1956. (original copyright 1915, NY: Charles Scribner's Sons).
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3123:: Our Land, Our History, Our Culture", Chief Dull Knife College. Page 30. Accessed September 20, 2009
873:
816:. His vision convinced the tribe to abandon their earlier sedentary agricultural traditions to adopt
24:
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1835:
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959:
Ledger drawing of a mounted Cheyenne warrior counting coup with lance on a dismounted Crow warrior.
497:
104:
1042:(Hestóetaneo'o – "beggars for meat", "spongers" or Môhónooneo'o – lit. "scouting all over ones"),
943:
Ledger drawing by Hubble Big Horse showing a battle between Cheyenne warriors and Mexican lancers.
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2226:
1935:
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1203:, accompanied by a military escort of 476 men. General Atkinson and his fellow commissioner left
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By 1776, the Lakota had overwhelmed the Cheyenne and taken over much of their territory near the
408:
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3934:
3734:
3653:
2861:
2265:, Northern Só'taeo'o chief and Sweet Medicine Chief, was one of the "Old Man" chiefs among the
1922:
Map of Indian Reservations in the state of Montana including the Northern Cheyenne Reservation.
1912:
1687:
1355:
and the Arkansas. This territory included what is now Colorado, east of the Front Range of the
108:
3585:
216:); the tribes merged in the early 19th century. Today, the Cheyenne people are split into two
6476:
6450:
6345:
6335:
6280:
6270:
6178:
6004:
5994:
5963:
5771:
5696:
4576:
4352:
4207:
3979:
2266:
2222:
1844:
1743:
1610:
1023:
726:
1570:
On November 29, 1864, the Colorado Militia attacked a Cheyenne and Arapaho encampment under
6424:
6365:
6360:
6325:
6320:
6035:
5918:
5820:
5706:
5676:
5579:
5531:
4968:
4617:
4413:
4357:
4342:
4149:
3898:
3859:
3309:
3294:
2236:
1789:
1760:
1719:
1614:
1472:
1460:
country. In the fall, the Northern Cheyenne returned to their country north of the Platte.
1340:
1264:
1200:
1153:
652:
527:
482:
459:
296:
249:
5613:
2676:
1800:, with 300 Cheyenne. The Cheyenne wanted and expected to live on the reservation with the
1386:
Cheyenne parties attacked at least three emigrant settler parties before returning to the
608:, where they established villages. The most prominent of the ancient Cheyenne villages is
8:
6330:
6040:
6025:
5701:
5569:
5437:
5193:
4729:
3944:
3888:
3854:
3770:
1900:
1812:
1606:
1598:
1594:
1579:
1565:
1534:
1164:
Southern Cheyenne and Southern Arapaho were assigned to the same reservation in Oklahoma
1160:
550:
451:
404:
2812:
Hyde, George E.: Life of George Bent. Written From His Letters. Norman, 1987. Pp. 25–26.
2584:
1891:, a Northern Cheyenne chief who received the rank of sergeant in the United States Army.
698:
who received divine articles from their god Ma'heo'o, whom the Só'taeo'o called He'emo.
6295:
6050:
5948:
5943:
5595:
5442:
5341:
5143:
5123:
5033:
4408:
4326:
4276:
4174:
4144:
3939:
3432:
2370:
Montana and South Dakota). The 1910 census counted 3,055. In 1921 they numbered 3,281.
2337:, also known as Ónonevóo'xénéhe (Ree Roman Nose) or Mȧsėhávoo'xénéhe (Crazy Roman Nose)
2174:
1990:
1571:
1515:
1511:
1415:
1352:
1228:
1123:
1043:
1039:
968:
847:("Sacred Buffalo Hat") is kept among the Northern Cheyenne and Northern Só'taeo'o. The
593:
309:
132:
19:
This article is about the Native American people. For the capital city of Wyoming, see
2619:
2536:
886:
By 1820, American traders and explorers reported contact with Cheyenne at present-day
592:
According to tribal history, during the 17th century, the Cheyenne were driven by the
6538:
6160:
6009:
5711:
5168:
5153:
5138:
5118:
5113:
4779:
4744:
4734:
4510:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4083:
3908:
3826:
3760:
3547:
3522:
3477:
3461:
3451:
3403:
3381:
3369:
3348:
3319:
3089:
3082:
2993:
2986:
2900:
2893:
2131:
While they participated in nomadic Plains horse culture, men hunted and occasionally
1931:
1820:
1476:
1403:
1000:
609:
574:
563:
519:
513:
344:
245:
233:
221:
84:
20:
3364:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1923. 2 volumes; trade paperback, reprints:
3262:. Publications of the Polish Sociological Institute. London: Macmillan. p. 451.
721:(Arrow Lodge or Arrow Tepee). He organized the structure of Cheyenne society, their
358:
6396:
6285:
6223:
6168:
5858:
5746:
5671:
5346:
5264:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5148:
5133:
5128:
5098:
5093:
5073:
4918:
4367:
4321:
4281:
4271:
4261:
3893:
3864:
3821:
3811:
3693:
3424:
1939:
1848:
1777:
1723:
1656:
1587:
1583:
1387:
1165:
1149:
1031:
887:
852:
570:
555:
370:
147:
88:
3579:
6455:
6406:
5853:
5781:
5731:
5474:
5361:
5203:
5183:
5108:
4993:
4938:
4908:
4612:
4403:
4377:
4347:
4256:
4246:
3903:
3765:
3708:
3683:
3516:
3445:
3359:
3338:
Washita, The Southern Cheyenne and the U.S. Army. Campaigns and Commanders Series
3207:
2549:
2483:
2449:
2442:
2292:(d. 1847), daughter of White Thunder (keeper of the Medicine Arrows) and wife of
2132:
2093:
that developed for planning warfare, enforcing rules, and conducting ceremonies.
1908:
1752:
1545:
1519:
1484:
1376:
1356:
1181:
1019:
578:
566:
433:
6402:
6234:
6207:
5848:
5756:
5691:
5427:
5223:
5178:
5173:
5103:
5068:
4546:
4266:
4159:
4053:
3869:
3831:
3816:
3801:
2835:
2187:
Please list 20th and 21st-century Cheyenne people under their specific tribes,
1815:
and his Fourth Cavalry to the Department of the Platte. Stationed initially at
1445:
1411:
1336:
1332:
1324:
1172:
after the reservation was opened to American settlement and into modern times.
1143:
1106:
1035:
1004:
914:
895:
880:
833:
757:
687:
617:
613:
276:
260:
2892:, University of California Press (March 15, 1997), trade paperback, 562 pages
1918:
275:. By the early 18th century, they were forced west by other tribes across the
6527:
6430:
6249:
6244:
6228:
6106:
5786:
5721:
5298:
5048:
5018:
5013:
4898:
4591:
4520:
4306:
4098:
3949:
3703:
3079:
In Dull Knife's Wake: The True Story of the Northern Cheyenne Exodus of 1878,
2762:
1816:
1785:
1438:
1431:
1407:
1236:
1208:
1131:
1114:
1098:
1063:
1059:
1055:
981:
976:
869:
821:
789:
706:
691:
656:
625:
387:
325:
288:
272:
63:
3465:
2269:, belonged to the Elk Horn Scrapers (Hémo'eoxeso), one of the four original
1957:
The Northern Cheyenne were given the right to remain in the north, near the
1872:
1767:
589:, which lived in the prairies 70 to 80 miles west of the Cheyenne villages.
376:
324:
to the Southern Plains. In turn, they were pushed west by the more numerous
304:
to the Black Hills in South Dakota. They fought their historic enemies, the
6486:
6418:
6203:
6150:
6130:
5776:
5716:
5648:
5402:
5397:
5273:
5163:
4998:
4988:
4653:
4648:
4372:
4164:
4154:
4088:
4040:
3913:
3849:
3806:
3793:
3755:
3698:
2821:
Dorsey, George A.: "How the Pawnee Captured the Cheyenne Medicine Arrows."
2321:
2293:
2210:
2144:
1904:
1805:
1553:
1530:
1503:
1422:
1391:
1348:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1197:
1102:
1083:
993:
899:
631:
On the Missouri River, the Cheyenne came into contact with the neighboring
605:
313:
284:
280:
112:
3573:
690:
relays that both tribal peoples are characterized, and represented by two
481:
is "a bit like the alien speech" (literally, "red-talker"). According to
6218:
6135:
5644:
5382:
5313:
5269:
4643:
4439:
4291:
4108:
4093:
2980:
2254:
2200:
2098:
1978:
1958:
1781:
1756:
1211:
of friendship and trade with tribes of the upper Missouri, including the
1075:
1015:
797:
667:
648:
640:
597:
305:
292:
255:
Over the past 400 years, the Cheyenne have changed their lifestyles from
3514:
1788:, a few Cheyenne chiefs and their people surrendered as well. They were
1675:
1375:
In April 1856, an incident at the Platte River Bridge (near present-day
6386:
5811:
5666:
5574:
5422:
4963:
4633:
4489:
4316:
3713:
2487:
Oklahoma History Center's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture.
2340:
2299:
2244:
1896:
1797:
1727:
1575:
1523:
1256:
1232:
1094:
1071:
714:
3436:
1926:
The US established the Tongue River Indian Reservation, now named the
1792:, Standing Elk and Wild Hog with around 130 Cheyenne. Later that year
955:
828:
and switched their diet from fish and agricultural produce, to mainly
6145:
6140:
6125:
5392:
5387:
5377:
4301:
4078:
3918:
2349:
2330:
2317:
2289:
2204:
2118:
1982:
1793:
1597:
with about 1000 warriors on Camp Rankin, a stage station and fort at
1498:
907:
813:
742:
601:
582:
542:(Cheyenne language), that it is sometimes termed a Cheyenne dialect.
351:
meaning "Roped People", together with the Southern Arapaho, form the
264:
128:
1540:
Efforts to make a wider peace continued, but in the spring of 1864,
6239:
4933:
4868:
4859:
4073:
4058:
4032:
4023:
3688:
3634:
3624:
3428:
3274:"Distribution of American Indian tribes: Cheyenne People in the US"
3116:
3114:
2193:
Northern Cheyenne Tribe of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation
2165:
1951:
1878:
Northern Cheyenne Tribe of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation
1457:
1449:
1360:
1079:
1008:
381:
301:
238:
Northern Cheyenne Tribe of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation
229:
212:
71:
3567:
3541:
3490:
Bringing the Story of the Cheyenne People to the Children of Today
2498:
Walker, James R. & DeMallie, Raymond J. "Lakota Society" 1992.
1093:
South of Cheyenne territory they fought with the Kiowa, Comanche,
832:
and wild fruits and vegetables. Their lands ranged from the upper
725:
led by prominent warriors, their system of legal justice, and the
5652:
5308:
5303:
5277:
5058:
4251:
4048:
3678:
2723:. New Series, Vol. 12, No. 4 (Oct. – Dec. 1910): 542–575, p. 556.
2512:
2417:
1827:
1711:
1602:
1268:
1212:
837:
695:
644:
636:
400:
317:
268:
241:
124:
67:
31:
3111:
1506:
of the Southern Cheyenne, an advocate of peace among his people.
780:
The Só'taeo'o prophet Tomȯsévėséhe ("Erect Horns") received the
5198:
5028:
3518:
A Cheyenne Voice: The complete John Stands in Timber interviews
3474:
A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples.]
3450:. The peoples of America. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
1969:
1884:
1652:
1383:. They killed ten Cheyenne warriors and wounded eight or more.
1364:
1252:
1248:
1216:
1110:
918:
910:
father), Flat-War-Club (Cheyenne), and Sleeping Wolf (Kiowa).
773:
678:
The Cheyenne tribes today descend from two related tribes, the
632:
621:
486:
436:
2719:
Grinnell, George Bird: "The Great Mysteries of the Cheyenne."
2406:
2225:
and chief of the Wotapio band of Southern Cheyenne, killed by
2172:
is used for dizziness and weakness. They give dried leaves of
1954:
tribe of Florida never made a treaty with the US government.)
462:
related to Cree and Cheyenne. The Cheyenne name for Ojibwe is
5318:
4978:
4903:
4571:
4525:
4128:
4123:
4068:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3055:
2169:
1930:, of 371,200 acres (1,502 km) by the executive order of
1801:
1468:
1453:
1220:
1067:
829:
817:
660:
586:
321:
2890:
American Indian treaties: the history of a political anomaly
2825:, New Series. Vol. 5 (Oct. – Dec. 1903), No. 4, pp. 644–658.
1593:
In January 1865, they planned and carried out a retaliatory
1394:
negotiated with the Cheyenne to reduce hostilities, but the
5643:
3378:
The Cheyenne Indians, Vol. 2: War, Ceremonies, and Religion
2983:– Caught Between The Worlds Of The Indian And The White Man
1946:
The Northern Cheyenne, who were sharing the Lakota land at
1047:
975:
Like many other Plains Indian nations, the Cheyenne were a
825:
765:
455:
153:
3052:
150:
2306:, Northern Cheyenne, legendary war hero and chief of the
1730:. Public reaction arose in outrage against the Cheyenne.
1207:
on May 16, 1825. Ascending the Missouri, they negotiated
1054:. To the east of Cheyenne Territory they fought with the
159:
6199:
Rapid City, Black Hills and Western Railroad (1893–1947)
3393:
Webs of Kinship: Family in Northern Cheyenne Nationhood.
2985:, Da Capo Press (March 15, 2005), hardcover, 458 pages,
2977:
Page 97-98, David Fridtjof Halaas and Andrew E. Masich,
2583:. Cheyenne Language Web Site. 2002-03-03. Archived from
1402:
to carry out a punitive expedition under the command of
3970:
List of ancient dwellings of Pueblo peoples in Colorado
3032:
3030:
1861:
1578:
and indicated its allegiance to the US government. The
1522:
between the Cheyenne and Arapaho of the plains and the
1363:, south of the North Platte River; and extreme western
3413:
Kroeber, A L (July–September 1900). "Cheyenne Tales".
1854:
Eventually the US forced the Northern Cheyenne onto a
1406:. He went against the Cheyenne in the spring of 1857.
339:
meaning "Eaters", live in southeastern Montana on the
4119:
Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska
3340:, vol. 3. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, p. 9
2634:
Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing Co., 1999, pp. 15–16
2501:
2178:
to horses for urinary troubles and for a sore mouth.
1981:. They farmed corn, squash, and beans, and harvested
171:
162:
3361:
The Cheyenne Indians: Their History and Ways of Life
3027:
3016:
3014:
2126:
1808:, which both Dull Knife and Little Wolf had signed.
1295:
Cheyenne warrior Alights on the Cloud in his armor.
4582:
Pawnee Mission and Burnt Village Archeological Site
2964:
2962:
2443:
Oklahoma Indian Nations Pocket Pictorial Directory.
1915:watershed area, where they established homesteads.
1647:and his troops attacked Black Kettle's band at the
1347:affirmed the Cheyenne and Arapaho territory on the
485:, the Lakota had referred to themselves and fellow
331:The Northern Cheyenne, known in Cheyenne either as
156:
3139:
1973:Cheyenne courting scenes, by Big Back, before 1882
1533:and other Cheyenne favoring peace resulted in the
1168:and remained together as the federally recognized
1159:The Arapaho were present with the Cheyenne at the
971:horned headdress, symbol of the Crazy Dog Society.
756:), one of the sacred plant medicines used by many
16:Native American Indian tribe from the Great Plains
3515:John Stands In Timber and Margot Liberty (2013).
3366:The Cheyenne Indians, Vol. 1: History and Society
3011:
2660:Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing Co., 1999, p. 18
1370:
1299:during an attack on a Pawnee hunting camp in 1852
1247:Increased traffic of emigrants along the related
1090:during an attack on a hunting camp around 1830.
824:. They replaced their earth lodges with portable
6525:
5592:History of Native Americans in the United States
2959:
2866:The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture
2607:Native American Place Names of the United States
2562:
2560:
2394:The Cheyenne Indians: Their History and Lifeways
1987:indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands
1242:
1137:
1088:The Pawnee captured the Cheyenne's Sacred Arrows
1834:. After fighting battles with the U.S. army at
1666:
1026:(Mo'ôhtávêhahtátaneo'o, same literal meaning),
868:Chief Wolf-on-the-Hill (Cheyenne), portrait by
581:. Their economy was based on the collection of
518:The Cheyenne of Montana and Oklahoma speak the
3318:. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970.
3306:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963.
2948:
2946:
2944:
2618:Chief Dull Knife College, Cheyenne Dictionary
2609:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, pg. 95
2181:
1452:). The Cheyenne moved below the Arkansas into
1278:
928:
729:peace chiefs. The latter was formed from four
573:. The Cheyenne at this time lived between the
5629:
5250:
4842:
4557:Dr. Susan LaFlesche Picotte Memorial Hospital
4006:
3607:
3400:Life of George Bent: Written From His Letters
2708:Life of George Bent. Written From His Letters
2557:
2207:, warrior, interpreter and Cheyenne historian
1804:in accordance to an April 29, 1868 treaty of
1359:and north of the Arkansas River; Wyoming and
1030:(Kȧhkoestséataneo'o – "flat-headed-people"),
6189:Cheyenne-Black Hills Stage Route (1876–1887)
3521:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
2934:
2932:
2930:
2581:"What is the origin of the word "Cheyenne"?"
2531:
2529:
999:Warriors used a combination of weapons from
3542:Wooden Leg & Thomas B. Marquis (1931).
2941:
2670:
2668:
2666:
1733:
894:Valley. In response to the construction of
655:. About 1730, they introduced the horse to
6382:Fossil Cycad National Monument (1922–1957)
6121:Black Hills War, or Great Sioux War (1876)
5636:
5622:
5511:Sitting Bull Crystal Cavern Dance Pavilion
5257:
5243:
4849:
4835:
4013:
3999:
3614:
3600:
3259:Primitive society and its vital statistics
2815:
2356:
1632:
1548:, commander of the Colorado Volunteers, a
967:Ledger drawing of a Cheyenne warrior with
859:
6194:Sidney-Black Hills Stage Road (1876–1887)
5490:Black Hills War (Great Sioux War of 1876)
3395:Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
3299:. Lame Deer, MT: Chief Dull Knife College
3289:Ambler, Marjane; Little Bear, Richard E;
3255:
2927:
2526:
2168:of the pulverized leaves and blossoms of
1726:, just as the nation was celebrating its
1180:in Wyoming with their former enemies the
1034:(Otaesétaneo'o – "pierced nose people"),
1014:The enemies of the Cheyenne included the
733:(chiefs or leaders) of the ten principal
335:, meaning "Northern Eaters" or simply as
5752:Minuteman Missile National Historic Site
5543:United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians
3331:Mackenzie's Last Fight with the Cheyenne
3073:
3071:
2979:Halfbreed: The Remarkable True Story Of
2797:
2788:
2663:
2333:, Northern Cheyenne Chief, in Cheyenne:
2310:(Hémo'eoxeso), one of the four original
1968:
1917:
1883:
1871:
1766:
1751:
1643:Four years later, on November 27, 1868,
1497:
1467:
1463:
1290:
1282:
962:
954:
946:
938:
863:
802:Ésevone / Hóhkėha'e (Sacred Buffalo Hat)
549:
399:
386:
375:
357:
4816:Native American place names in Nebraska
3544:Wooden Leg: A Warrior Who Fought Custer
3476:Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
3412:
2779:
2612:
2343:, Northern Cheyenne, warrior fought at
840:, Montana, Colorado, and South Dakota.
800:in the present state of Minnesota. The
639:(Tsé-heše'émâheónese, "people who have
407:, former director and cofounder of the
391:Cheyenne model tipi, buffalo hide, 1860
6526:
2352:, chief, Southern Cheyenne, peacemaker
2251:, Head chief of the Northern Cheyenne)
1559:
1544:, governor of Colorado Territory, and
772:(Sacred Buffalo Hat) is the symbol of
477:Another of the common etymologies for
412:National Museum of the American Indian
211:
5617:
5238:
4830:
3994:
3975:List of prehistoric sites in Colorado
3595:
3443:
3188:, Vol. 1, pp. 63–71, 127–129, 247–311
3068:
2542:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2437:
2435:
2364:
1748:Murder trial of seven Cheyenne (1879)
1018:(Óoetaneo'o – "crow (bird) people"),
1007:, and bows and arrows, and lances to
432:The name "Cheyenne" derives from the
180:Indigenous people of the Great Plains
1928:Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation
1868:Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation
1862:Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation
1706:The Northern Cheyenne fought in the
1670:
1011:acquired through raiding and trade.
612:, in eastern North Dakota along the
466:, a word that sounds similar to the
341:Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation
58:Regions with significant populations
53:(Northern: 10,840; Southern: 12,130)
4780:Fontenelle Forest Historic District
4664:Champe-Fremont 1 Archeological Site
2674:
2539:2007-09-05. Retrieved June 10, 2013
2247:, a translation of his Lakota name
2147:from Dakota to the Arkansas River.
796:(″Stone Hammer Mountain″) near the
713:(″medicine(sacred)-hill″, name for
13:
6579:Native American tribes in Oklahoma
6574:Native American tribes in Nebraska
6559:Native American tribes in Colorado
5164:Fox (Meskwaki, Sauk, and Kickapoo)
3588:, Encyclopedia of the Great Plains
3283:
2859:
2455:
2432:
2388:Native American tribes in Nebraska
1410:led part of the expedition up the
14:
6595:
6569:Native American tribes in Montana
6513:Mount Rushmore in popular culture
5762:Mount Theodore Roosevelt Monument
4587:Carlisle Indian Industrial School
4231:Nebraska Indian Community College
4064:Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska
3561:
3333:. New York: Argonaut Press, 1966.
3121:"WE, THE NORTHERN CHEYENNE PEOPLE
3081:Horse Creek Publications (2003),
2509:"Northern Cheyenne Tribe website"
2414:"Northern Cheyenne Tribe website"
2127:Horse culture on the Great Plains
2009:, unified themselves to form the
1763:, chiefs of the Northern Cheyenne
1491:), Chief of Northern Cheyenne at
1187:
6564:Native American tribes in Kansas
4858:
4022:
3623:
3546:. University of Nebraska Press.
3296:We, The Northern Cheyenne People
2106:
1674:
1414:, and via Fountain Creek to the
1321:Superintendent of Indian Affairs
267:. They were close allies of the
146:
4785:Wolfe and Grey (Schuyler) Sites
4669:Frank Parker Archeological Site
3730:Southern Ute Indian Reservation
3266:
3249:
3224:
3215:
3200:
3191:
3178:
3165:
3152:
3126:
3098:
3039:
3002:
2971:
2918:
2909:
2879:
2853:
2828:
2806:
2755:
2746:
2737:
2733:Reading Eagle November 26, 1997
2726:
2713:
2700:
2691:
2679:. Friends of the Little Bighorn
2650:
2637:
2624:
2599:
764:(Sacred Arrows) are symbols of
458:or another people who spoke an
417:The Cheyenne called themselves
5537:The Journey Museum and Gardens
4755:Farwell Archeological District
4552:Genoa Indian Industrial School
3649:Outline of Colorado prehistory
2710:. Norman, 1987. Pp. 24 and 49.
2573:
2492:
2277:St. David Pendleton Oakerhater
2257:(ca. 1820–1904) (in Cheyenne:
2159:
2150:
2038:, the Notameohmésêhese proper)
1655:by bands operating out of the
1371:Punitive US expedition of 1857
1325:Indians of the northern plains
1215:, the Cheyenne, the Crow, the
316:of central Colorado. With the
1:
6174:Black Hills Expedition (1874)
6112:Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)
5859:Spearfish Canyon Scenic Byway
5485:Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)
5480:Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851)
4760:Blue Springs, aka Wonder Site
4704:Table Rock Archeological Site
4674:Sweetwater Archeological Site
4567:Susan LaFlesche Picotte House
4531:Cunningham Archeological Site
4399:Pine Ridge Indian Reservation
4394:Nemaha Half-Breed Reservation
4327:Moses J. "Chief" Yellow Horse
3444:Moore, John H. Moore (1996).
3391:Hill, Christina Gish (2016).
3315:Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee
2213:(c. 1803–1868) (in Cheyenne:
1948:Pine Ridge Indian Reservation
1895:The Cheyenne who traveled to
1790:Morning Star (aka Dull Knife)
1473:Morning Star (aka Dull Knife)
1243:Effects of the Emigrant Trail
1178:Wind River Indian Reservation
1138:Relationship with the Arapaho
1052:massacred a Crow camp in 1820
554:Cheyenne woman photograph by
363:
271:and loosely aligned with the
6179:Black Hills gold rush (1874)
6169:Dakota Territory (1861–1889)
5875:Black Hills Centennial Trail
5797:Sitting Bull Crystal Caverns
5742:Jewel Cave National Monument
5682:Black Hills Central Railroad
5554:Republic of Lakotah proposal
4460:Fullerton Archeological Site
4226:Little Priest Tribal College
3416:Journal of American Folklore
2261:, more correctly translated
1708:Battle of the Little Bighorn
1667:Battle of the Little Bighorn
1028:Interior Salish and Kuntenai
680:Tsétsêhéstâhese / Tsitsistas
380:Cheyenne beaded hide shirt,
218:federally recognized nations
182:. The Cheyenne comprise two
7:
5687:Black Hills National Forest
5286:Historic and present tribes
4699:Humphrey Archeological Site
4694:Schrader Archeological Site
4455:Schrader Archeological Site
4114:Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska
4041:Historic and present tribes
3574:Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes
2383:Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes
2376:
2312:Cheyenne military societies
2271:Cheyenne military societies
2221:, since 1854 member of the
2189:Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes
2182:Historical Cheyenne Figures
2091:Cheyenne military societies
1932:President Chester A. Arthur
1757:Little Coyote (Little Wolf)
1421:Under the influence of the
1400:1st Cavalry Regiment (1855)
1345:Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851
1311:for the upper Arkansas and
1279:Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851
1170:Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes
935:Cheyenne military societies
929:Enemies and warrior culture
790:Sacred (Buffalo) Hat Bundle
585:and hunting, especially of
507:
353:Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes
226:Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes
105:Traditional tribal religion
10:
6600:
6184:Newton–Jenney Party (1875)
5590:For more information, see
5549:Lakota Nation Invitational
5527:Seizure of the Black Hills
5475:History of the Black Hills
4795:Wiseman Archeological Site
4790:Schulte Archeological Site
4684:Ashland Archeological Site
4679:Burkett Archeological Site
4445:Horse Creek Pawnee Village
4287:Old Lady Grieves The Enemy
3582:, Chief Dull Knife College
3336:Greene, Jerome A. (2004).
3256:Krzywicki, Ludwik (1934).
2239:(1810–1883) (in Cheyenne:
1964:
1940:President William McKinley
1865:
1737:
1636:
1563:
1510:Starting in 1859 with the
1260:territory for sustenance.
1141:
932:
545:
511:
320:, the Cheyenne pushed the
250:Algonquian language family
236:, who are enrolled in the
224:, who are enrolled in the
194:(more commonly spelled as
29:
18:
6505:
6464:
6443:
6374:
6258:
6159:
6092:
6083:
6018:
5977:
5901:
5892:
5880:George S. Mickelson Trail
5867:
5836:
5829:
5659:
5588:
5562:
5519:
5498:
5467:
5451:
5415:
5370:
5334:
5327:
5284:
5082:
4875:
4808:
4712:
4626:
4600:
4539:
4503:
4422:
4386:
4363:Battle of Warbonnet Creek
4335:
4312:Susette LaFlesche Tibbles
4239:
4219:colleges and universities
4216:
4173:
4137:
4039:
3962:
3927:
3878:
3840:
3792:
3783:
3743:
3722:
3671:
3662:
3641:
2535:Chief Dull Knife College
2441:Oklahoma Indian Affairs.
1761:Morning Star (Dull Knife)
874:Fort Pierre, South Dakota
723:military or war societies
684:Só'taeo'o / Só'taétaneo'o
616:. They first reached the
538:, a language so close to
287:, where they adopted the
123:
118:
103:
98:
83:
78:
62:
57:
50:
45:
25:Cheyenne (disambiguation)
6392:Black Hills flood (1972)
5802:Sturgis Motorcycle Rally
5727:Flintstones Bedrock City
5520:Modern events and places
4435:Pike-Pawnee Village Site
4297:Susan La Flesche Picotte
3751:Battle of Beecher Island
2605:Bright, William (2004).
2400:
2326:Battle of Summit Springs
2320:, chief of the Cheyenne
2059:, Northern and Southern)
2049:, Northern and Southern)
1740:Northern Cheyenne Exodus
1734:Northern Cheyenne Exodus
1493:Battle of Little Bighorn
1381:Grand Island in Nebraska
498:Chief Dull Knife College
308:and later (1856–79) the
295:of South Dakota and the
213:[t͡sɪt͡shɪstʰɑs]
30:Not to be confused with
6554:Great Sioux War of 1876
6214:George Armstrong Custer
6116:Great Sioux Reservation
5817:Wind Cave National Park
5767:Mystic Miner Ski Resort
5506:Great Sioux Reservation
5129:Chiwere (Iowa and Otoe)
4770:Kurz Omaha Village Site
4713:Other precontact places
4465:Oto Indian Village Site
4104:Ponca Tribe of Nebraska
3568:Northern Cheyenne Tribe
3358:Grinnell, George Bird.
3343:Grinnell, George Bird.
2888:, Francis Paul Prucha,
2823:American Anthropologist
2721:American Anthropologist
2357:Living Cheyenne Figures
2296:; mother of George Bent
2231:Battle of Washita River
2227:George Armstrong Custer
1936:Crow Indian Reservation
1858:, in southern Montana.
1716:George Armstrong Custer
1649:Battle of Washita River
1645:George Armstrong Custer
1639:Battle of Washita River
1633:Battle of Washita River
1623:Battle of Platte Bridge
1619:Powder River Expedition
1404:Colonel Edwin V. Sumner
1267:, emigrants brought in
1128:Great Sioux War of 1876
860:Expansion on the Plains
450:is not known, but many
446:". The identity of the
395:
347:, known in Cheyenne as
6387:Stratobowl (1934–1959)
5452:Traditional narratives
4865:Native American tribes
4750:Nehawka Flint Quarries
4740:Hudson-Meng Bison Kill
4627:Precontact communities
4504:Historic sacred places
3935:Cynthia Irwin-Williams
3735:Ute Mountain Ute Tribe
3654:Prehistory of Colorado
2938:Berthrong, pp. 133– 40
2924:Berthrong, pp. 106–123
2915:Berthrong, pp. 113–114
2763:"Battle of Wolf Creek"
2489:Retrieved 3 July 2013.
2133:fought with and raided
1974:
1923:
1892:
1881:
1773:
1764:
1507:
1495:
1390:. The Indian agent at
1300:
1288:
1194:General Henry Atkinson
972:
960:
952:
944:
876:
707:(Sacred) Arrows Bundle
682:(Cheyenne proper) and
600:region to present-day
596:(Hóheeheo'o) from the
559:
421:(more commonly as the
414:
392:
384:
373:
109:Native American Church
23:. For other uses, see
6451:Rapid City Rapid Ride
5697:Black Hills Playhouse
4577:Moses Merrill Mission
4540:Other historic places
4387:Historic reservations
4353:Battle of Mud Springs
3980:Trail of the Ancients
3380:, Bison Books, 1972.
3368:, Bison Books, 1972.
3345:The Fighting Cheyenne
3304:The Southern Cheyenne
3302:Berthrong, Donald J.
3162:, Vol. 1, pp. 247–311
3136:, Vol. 1, pp. 258–311
3106:The Fighting Cheyenne
3077:Maddux Albert Glenn,
3047:The Fighting Cheyenne
3022:The Fighting Cheyenne
2954:The Fighting Cheyenne
2675:Liberty, Dr. Margot.
2645:The Fighting Cheyenne
2568:The Fighting Cheyenne
2537:"Cheyenne Dictionary"
2477:"Cheyenne, Southern."
2267:Council of Forty-four
2223:Council of Forty-four
2137:hunting and gathering
1972:
1938:. On March 19, 1900,
1921:
1887:
1875:
1845:Fort Robinson tragedy
1840:Punished Woman's Fork
1770:
1755:
1744:Fort Robinson tragedy
1637:Further information:
1611:Battle of Mud Springs
1574:, although it flew a
1564:Further information:
1529:US negotiations with
1501:
1471:
1464:Pike's Peak Gold Rush
1294:
1286:
1235:, the Pawnee and the
1142:Further information:
966:
958:
950:
942:
867:
727:Council of Forty-four
553:
454:assume that it means
403:
390:
379:
362:Cheyenne hide dress,
361:
291:. Having settled the
257:Great Lakes woodlands
119:Related ethnic groups
6425:Charles Badger Clark
5844:Norbeck Scenic Byway
5707:Crazy Horse Memorial
5677:Black Elk Wilderness
5580:Charmaine White Face
5532:Crazy Horse Memorial
5159:Mescalero-Chiricahua
4914:Cheyenne and Arapaho
4440:Skidi Pawnee Village
4423:Historic communities
4358:Battle of Rush Creek
4343:Battle of Ash Hollow
4175:Present reservations
4150:Omaha-Ponca language
3928:Noted archaeologists
3899:Dismal River culture
3860:Mount Albion complex
3663:Contemporary peoples
3209:The Cheyenne Indians
3186:The Cheyenne Indians
3173:The Cheyenne Indians
3160:The Cheyenne Indians
3147:The Cheyenne Indians
3134:The Cheyenne Indians
3036:Hyde, pp. 168 to 195
2840:Texas Beyond History
2752:Berthrong, pp. 24–26
2743:Berthrong, pp. 13–21
2551:The Cheyenne Indians
2203:(1843–1918), son of
2143:, but later all the
1720:Little Bighorn River
1615:Battle of Rush Creek
1444:Sumner continued to
1265:California Gold Rush
653:Powder River Country
610:Biesterfeldt Village
483:George Bird Grinnell
297:Powder River Country
131:, Suhtai, and other
6497:Mule Creek Junction
5812:Terry Peak ski area
5702:Chapel in the Hills
5570:Charlotte Black Elk
5438:Inyan Kara Mountain
4730:Walker Gilmore site
4485:Theodore Davis Site
3945:Waldo Rudolph Wedel
3889:Ancestral Puebloans
3855:Basketmaker culture
3784:Precontact cultures
3771:Sand Creek massacre
3580:Cheyenne Dictionary
3472:Pritzker, Barry M.
2862:"Arapaho, Southern"
2420:on February 2, 2011
2335:Éše'he Ȯhnéšesėstse
2121:gathering, c. 1909.
1901:Miles City, Montana
1813:Ranald S. Mackenzie
1607:Battle of Julesburg
1580:Sand Creek massacre
1566:Sand Creek Massacre
1560:Sand Creek Massacre
1535:Treaty of Fort Wise
1408:Major John Sedgwick
1161:Sand Creek Massacre
1154:Algonquian language
845:Ésevone / Hóhkėha'e
770:Ésevone / Hóhkėha'e
760:in ceremonies. The
569:, near present-day
540:Tsêhésenêstsestôtse
528:Algonquian-language
524:Tsêhésenêstsestôtse
460:Algonquian language
452:Great Plains tribes
405:W. Richard West Jr.
42:
6534:Algonquian peoples
5849:Iron Mountain Road
4929:Citizen Potawatomi
4601:Precontact peoples
4277:Francis La Flesche
3940:Paul Sidney Martin
3665:native to Colorado
3631:Indigenous peoples
3197:Moore, pp. 154–156
3065:Brown, pp. 332–349
2803:Hyde 1968, p. 336.
2794:Greene 2004, p. 9.
2620:"Tsé-tsėhéstȧhese"
2482:2009-02-28 at the
2448:2009-02-11 at the
2365:Population history
2243:, better known as
2175:Sagittaria cuneata
1975:
1924:
1893:
1882:
1774:
1765:
1686:. You can help by
1572:Chief Black Kettle
1526:of the mountains.
1516:South Platte River
1512:Colorado Gold Rush
1508:
1496:
1416:South Platte River
1353:North Platte River
1339:, and to maintain
1305:Thomas Fitzpatrick
1301:
1289:
973:
961:
953:
945:
877:
560:
536:Só'taenęstsestôtse
415:
393:
385:
374:
310:United States Army
133:Algonquian peoples
40:
6549:Comanche campaign
6521:
6520:
6492:Maverick Junction
6472:Cheyenne Crossing
6439:
6438:
6079:
6078:
5888:
5887:
5712:Custer State Park
5611:
5610:
5411:
5410:
5232:
5231:
5154:Hitchiti-Mikasuki
4894:Alabama-Quassarte
4824:
4823:
4745:Woodcliff Burials
4282:Joseph La Flesche
4138:Present languages
4084:Northern Cheyenne
3988:
3987:
3958:
3957:
3909:Panhandle culture
3827:Plainview complex
3779:
3778:
3761:Comanche Campaign
3232:Tah-me-la-pash-me
3206:Grinnell (1972),
3175:, Vol. 1, 209–246
3094:978-0-9722217-1-9
2905:978-0-520-20895-7
2860:Fowler, Loretta.
2785:Hyde 1968, p. 80.
2706:Hyde, George E.:
2308:Elk Horn Scrapers
2259:Ó'kôhómôxháahketa
1821:Wyoming Territory
1714:, killed General
1704:
1703:
1307:was appointed US
1201:Benjamin O'Fallon
989:warrior societies
977:horse and warrior
836:into what is now
575:Mississippi River
520:Cheyenne language
514:Cheyenne language
345:Southern Cheyenne
246:Cheyenne language
234:Northern Cheyenne
222:Southern Cheyenne
138:
137:
21:Cheyenne, Wyoming
6591:
6397:2000 Jasper Fire
6224:Wild Bill Hickok
6114:established the
6090:
6089:
5899:
5898:
5834:
5833:
5747:The Mammoth Site
5672:Bear Country USA
5638:
5631:
5624:
5615:
5614:
5594:. Nearby modern
5443:Six Grandfathers
5416:Spiritual places
5347:Sherman Coolidge
5332:
5331:
5328:Historic figures
5266:Native Americans
5259:
5252:
5245:
5236:
5235:
5084:Tribal languages
5064:United Keetoowah
4994:Muscogee (Creek)
4954:Fort Sill Apache
4889:Absentee Shawnee
4863:
4862:
4851:
4844:
4837:
4828:
4827:
4450:Cottonwood Creek
4430:Ton'wontongathon
4368:Grattan massacre
4322:James Young Deer
4272:Logan Fontenelle
4262:Joba Chamberlain
4240:Historic figures
4029:Native Americans
4027:
4026:
4015:
4008:
4001:
3992:
3991:
3963:Related articles
3894:Apishapa culture
3865:Oshara tradition
3822:Hell Gap complex
3812:Folsom tradition
3790:
3789:
3694:Jicarilla Apache
3669:
3668:
3628:
3627:
3616:
3609:
3602:
3593:
3592:
3557:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3502:
3495:
3469:
3440:
3398:Hyde, George E.
3329:Bourke, John G.
3278:
3277:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3253:
3247:
3228:
3222:
3219:
3213:
3204:
3198:
3195:
3189:
3182:
3176:
3169:
3163:
3156:
3150:
3143:
3137:
3130:
3124:
3118:
3109:
3102:
3096:
3075:
3066:
3063:
3050:
3043:
3037:
3034:
3025:
3024:, pp. 124 to 158
3018:
3009:
3008:Hyde, pp. 99–105
3006:
3000:
2975:
2969:
2968:Hyde, pp. 99–105
2966:
2957:
2950:
2939:
2936:
2925:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2907:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2832:
2826:
2819:
2813:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2786:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2767:Oklahoma History
2759:
2753:
2750:
2744:
2741:
2735:
2730:
2724:
2717:
2711:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2672:
2661:
2654:
2648:
2641:
2635:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2577:
2571:
2564:
2555:
2546:
2540:
2533:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2511:. Archived from
2505:
2499:
2496:
2490:
2474:
2453:
2439:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2416:. Archived from
2410:
2285:Episcopal Church
2110:
2101:are continuing.
2064:Hesé'omeétaneo'o
2011:Tsé-tsêhéstâhese
1907:and his band of
1849:Indian territory
1778:Dull Knife Fight
1724:Washington, D.C.
1699:
1696:
1678:
1671:
1657:Indian Territory
1550:citizens militia
1396:Secretary of War
1388:Republican River
1166:Indian Territory
1150:Arapaho language
888:Denver, Colorado
853:Poteau, Oklahoma
571:Peoria, Illinois
556:Edward S. Curtis
442:meaning "little
427:Tsétsêhéstaestse
371:Gilcrease Museum
368:
365:
333:Notameohmésêhese
215:
175:
169:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
152:
93:Plains Sign Talk
46:Total population
43:
39:
6599:
6598:
6594:
6593:
6592:
6590:
6589:
6588:
6544:Cheyenne people
6524:
6523:
6522:
6517:
6501:
6460:
6456:Jefferson Lines
6435:
6407:Lincoln Borglum
6370:
6254:
6155:
6094:Native American
6085:
6075:
6014:
5973:
5894:
5884:
5863:
5854:Needles Highway
5825:
5782:Reptile Gardens
5732:Gordon Stockade
5655:
5642:
5612:
5607:
5584:
5558:
5515:
5499:Historic places
5494:
5468:Historic events
5463:
5447:
5407:
5366:
5362:Margaret Poisal
5323:
5280:
5263:
5233:
5228:
5086:
5078:
4949:Eastern Shawnee
4939:Delaware Nation
4880:
4878:
4871:
4857:
4855:
4825:
4820:
4804:
4800:Durflinger Site
4708:
4622:
4596:
4562:Indian agencies
4535:
4499:
4418:
4382:
4378:Indian Congress
4348:Massacre Canyon
4336:Historic events
4331:
4257:Chief Blackbird
4247:Antonine Barada
4235:
4218:
4212:
4169:
4133:
4035:
4021:
4019:
3989:
3984:
3954:
3923:
3904:Fremont culture
3874:
3836:
3785:
3775:
3766:Meeker Massacre
3739:
3718:
3664:
3658:
3637:
3622:
3620:
3564:
3554:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3493:
3487:
3458:
3423:(50): 161–190.
3286:
3284:Further reading
3281:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3254:
3250:
3229:
3225:
3220:
3216:
3205:
3201:
3196:
3192:
3183:
3179:
3170:
3166:
3157:
3153:
3144:
3140:
3131:
3127:
3119:
3112:
3103:
3099:
3076:
3069:
3064:
3053:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3028:
3019:
3012:
3007:
3003:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2960:
2951:
2942:
2937:
2928:
2923:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2884:
2880:
2870:
2868:
2858:
2854:
2844:
2842:
2836:"Red River War"
2834:
2833:
2829:
2820:
2816:
2811:
2807:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2789:
2784:
2780:
2771:
2769:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2742:
2738:
2731:
2727:
2718:
2714:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2682:
2680:
2673:
2664:
2656:Moore, John H.
2655:
2651:
2642:
2638:
2630:Moore, John H.
2629:
2625:
2617:
2613:
2604:
2600:
2590:
2588:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2565:
2558:
2547:
2543:
2534:
2527:
2518:
2516:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2497:
2493:
2484:Wayback Machine
2475:
2456:
2450:Wayback Machine
2440:
2433:
2423:
2421:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2379:
2367:
2359:
2184:
2162:
2153:
2129:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2116:
2111:
2019:Iviststsinihpah
2017:Heviksnipahis (
1967:
1870:
1864:
1796:surrendered at
1784:surrendered at
1750:
1738:Main articles:
1736:
1700:
1694:
1691:
1684:needs expansion
1669:
1641:
1635:
1568:
1562:
1546:John Chivington
1520:endemic warfare
1466:
1377:Casper, Wyoming
1373:
1281:
1245:
1190:
1146:
1140:
1124:Red Cloud's War
1022:(Sósone'eo'o),
937:
931:
862:
804:is kept in the
692:cultural heroes
672:Lewis and Clark
579:Mille Lacs Lake
567:Fort Crevecoeur
548:
532:Só'taéka'ęškóne
516:
510:
419:Tsétsêhéstâhese
398:
366:
261:Northern Plains
248:belongs to the
204:Tsétsêhéstâhese
184:Native American
173:
149:
145:
52:
38:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6597:
6587:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6519:
6518:
6516:
6515:
6509:
6507:
6503:
6502:
6500:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6468:
6466:
6465:Road junctions
6462:
6461:
6459:
6458:
6453:
6447:
6445:
6441:
6440:
6437:
6436:
6434:
6433:
6427:
6421:
6415:
6409:
6403:Gutzon Borglum
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6378:
6376:
6372:
6371:
6369:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6262:
6260:
6256:
6255:
6253:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6235:Doane Robinson
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6210:
6208:Martha Bullock
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6165:
6163:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6109:
6104:
6098:
6096:
6087:
6081:
6080:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6046:Johnson Siding
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6022:
6020:
6019:Unincorporated
6016:
6015:
6013:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5981:
5979:
5975:
5974:
5972:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5905:
5903:
5896:
5890:
5889:
5886:
5885:
5883:
5882:
5877:
5871:
5869:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5840:
5838:
5831:
5827:
5826:
5824:
5823:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5757:Mount Rushmore
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5737:Homestake Mine
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5692:Black Elk Peak
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5663:
5661:
5657:
5656:
5641:
5640:
5633:
5626:
5618:
5609:
5608:
5589:
5586:
5585:
5583:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5566:
5564:
5560:
5559:
5557:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5523:
5521:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5513:
5508:
5502:
5500:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5471:
5469:
5465:
5464:
5462:
5461:
5455:
5453:
5449:
5448:
5446:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5428:Black Elk Peak
5425:
5419:
5417:
5413:
5412:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5374:
5372:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5338:
5336:
5329:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5290:
5288:
5282:
5281:
5262:
5261:
5254:
5247:
5239:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5090:
5088:
5087:(still spoken)
5080:
5079:
5077:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5004:Otoe-Missouria
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4944:Delaware Tribe
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4885:
4883:
4873:
4872:
4854:
4853:
4846:
4839:
4831:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4812:
4810:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4775:Patterson Site
4772:
4767:
4765:Barneston Site
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4716:
4714:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4608:Central Plains
4604:
4602:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4547:Blackbird Hill
4543:
4541:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4507:
4505:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4480:Woodcliff Site
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4426:
4424:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4390:
4388:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4339:
4337:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4267:Larry EchoHawk
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4228:
4222:
4220:
4217:Present tribal
4214:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4179:
4177:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4162:
4160:Sioux language
4157:
4152:
4147:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4045:
4043:
4037:
4036:
4018:
4017:
4010:
4003:
3995:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3885:
3883:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3870:Picosa culture
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3846:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3832:Plano cultures
3829:
3824:
3819:
3817:Goshen complex
3814:
3809:
3804:
3802:Clovis culture
3798:
3796:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3675:
3673:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3638:
3619:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3583:
3577:
3571:
3563:
3562:External links
3560:
3559:
3558:
3552:
3539:
3528:978-0806143798
3527:
3512:
3485:
3482:978-0195138771
3470:
3457:978-1557864840
3456:
3441:
3429:10.2307/533882
3410:
3408:978-0806115771
3396:
3389:
3386:978-0803257726
3374:978-0803257719
3356:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3307:
3300:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3265:
3248:
3242:(big knife) +
3223:
3214:
3199:
3190:
3177:
3164:
3151:
3138:
3125:
3110:
3097:
3067:
3051:
3038:
3026:
3010:
3001:
2998:978-0306814105
2970:
2958:
2940:
2926:
2917:
2908:
2878:
2852:
2827:
2814:
2805:
2796:
2787:
2778:
2754:
2745:
2736:
2725:
2712:
2699:
2690:
2662:
2649:
2636:
2623:
2611:
2598:
2572:
2556:
2541:
2525:
2500:
2491:
2454:
2431:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2390:
2385:
2378:
2375:
2366:
2363:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2347:
2345:Little Bighorn
2338:
2328:
2315:
2302:(in Cheyenne:
2297:
2287:
2274:
2252:
2234:
2219:Mo'ôhtavetoo'o
2208:
2183:
2180:
2161:
2158:
2152:
2149:
2128:
2125:
2113:
2112:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2086:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2062:Hisíometanio (
2060:
2053:
2050:
2039:
2032:
2029:
2026:Heévâhetaneo'o
2022:
1966:
1963:
1866:Main article:
1863:
1860:
1836:Turkey Springs
1735:
1732:
1702:
1701:
1681:
1679:
1668:
1665:
1634:
1631:
1561:
1558:
1465:
1462:
1412:Arkansas River
1372:
1369:
1337:Santa Fe Trail
1333:Emigrant Trail
1280:
1277:
1244:
1241:
1189:
1188:Treaty of 1825
1186:
1144:Arapaho people
1139:
1136:
982:counting coups
930:
927:
915:Llano Estacado
892:Cimarron River
881:Arapaho people
861:
858:
849:Tséá'enōvȧhtse
834:Missouri River
808:(old term) or
758:Plains peoples
663:to the south.
618:Missouri River
614:Sheyenne River
547:
544:
512:Main article:
509:
506:
397:
394:
349:Heévâhetaneo'o
277:Missouri River
206:(also spelled
136:
135:
121:
120:
116:
115:
101:
100:
96:
95:
81:
80:
76:
75:
60:
59:
55:
54:
48:
47:
36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6596:
6585:
6584:Plains tribes
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6531:
6529:
6514:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6504:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6469:
6467:
6463:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6448:
6446:
6442:
6432:
6431:Watson Parker
6428:
6426:
6422:
6420:
6416:
6414:
6413:Joseph Bottum
6410:
6408:
6404:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6379:
6377:
6373:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6263:
6261:
6257:
6251:
6250:Charlie Utter
6248:
6246:
6245:Al Swearengen
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6232:
6230:
6229:Calamity Jane
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6211:
6209:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6166:
6164:
6162:
6158:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6107:Lakota people
6105:
6103:
6100:
6099:
6097:
6095:
6091:
6088:
6082:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6023:
6021:
6017:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5982:
5980:
5976:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5909:Belle Fourche
5907:
5906:
5904:
5900:
5897:
5891:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5866:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5839:
5835:
5832:
5830:Scenic routes
5828:
5822:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5792:Sheridan Lake
5790:
5788:
5787:Rushmore Cave
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5722:Dinosaur Park
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5658:
5654:
5650:
5646:
5639:
5634:
5632:
5627:
5625:
5620:
5619:
5616:
5605:
5601:
5597:
5593:
5587:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5567:
5565:
5563:Modern people
5561:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5544:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5518:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5497:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5466:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5450:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5414:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5369:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5339:
5337:
5333:
5330:
5326:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5271:
5267:
5260:
5255:
5253:
5248:
5246:
5241:
5240:
5237:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5044:Seneca-Cayuga
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4882:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4861:
4852:
4847:
4845:
4840:
4838:
4833:
4832:
4829:
4817:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4807:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4735:Site JF00-072
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4711:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4625:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4593:
4592:Ionia Volcano
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4538:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4521:Lalawakohtito
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4502:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4421:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4385:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4334:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4307:Standing Bear
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4238:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4215:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4172:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4136:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4025:
4016:
4011:
4009:
4004:
4002:
3997:
3996:
3993:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3951:
3950:Joe Ben Wheat
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3926:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3877:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3791:
3788:
3782:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3721:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3661:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3626:
3617:
3612:
3610:
3605:
3603:
3598:
3597:
3594:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3555:
3549:
3545:
3540:
3530:
3524:
3520:
3519:
3513:
3503:on 2011-09-22
3499:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3417:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3288:
3287:
3275:
3269:
3261:
3260:
3252:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3227:
3218:
3211:
3210:
3203:
3194:
3187:
3181:
3174:
3168:
3161:
3155:
3148:
3142:
3135:
3129:
3122:
3117:
3115:
3108:, pp. 398–427
3107:
3101:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3087:0-9722217-1-9
3084:
3080:
3074:
3072:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3048:
3042:
3033:
3031:
3023:
3017:
3015:
3005:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2991:0-306-81410-2
2988:
2984:
2982:
2974:
2965:
2963:
2955:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2921:
2912:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2898:0-520-20895-1
2895:
2891:
2887:
2882:
2867:
2863:
2856:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2824:
2818:
2809:
2800:
2791:
2782:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2749:
2740:
2734:
2729:
2722:
2716:
2709:
2703:
2694:
2678:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2659:
2658:The Cheyenne.
2653:
2646:
2640:
2633:
2632:The Cheyenne.
2627:
2621:
2615:
2608:
2602:
2591:September 21,
2587:on 2009-08-07
2586:
2582:
2576:
2569:
2563:
2561:
2553:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2532:
2530:
2515:on 2011-02-02
2514:
2510:
2504:
2495:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2478:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2438:
2436:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2405:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2374:
2371:
2362:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2263:Little Coyote
2260:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2215:Moke-tav-a-to
2212:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2157:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2102:
2100:
2094:
2092:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2036:Ôhmésêheseo'o
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:Hévhaitanio (
2023:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1999:Heviqsnipahis
1994:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1971:
1962:
1960:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1920:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1899:(present-day
1898:
1890:
1889:White Buffalo
1886:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1859:
1857:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1817:Camp Robinson
1814:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1786:Fort Robinson
1783:
1779:
1769:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1698:
1689:
1685:
1682:This section
1680:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1664:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1630:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1576:flag of truce
1573:
1567:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1505:
1500:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1440:
1439:J.E.B. Stuart
1435:
1433:
1432:Solomon River
1428:
1424:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1298:
1297:He was killed
1293:
1285:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1205:Fort Atkinson
1202:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1145:
1135:
1133:
1132:Red River War
1129:
1125:
1120:
1119:Indian Scouts
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1099:Plains Apache
1096:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
997:
995:
990:
985:
983:
978:
970:
965:
957:
949:
941:
936:
926:
922:
920:
916:
911:
909:
903:
901:
897:
893:
889:
884:
882:
875:
871:
870:George Catlin
866:
857:
854:
850:
846:
841:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
822:horse culture
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
778:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
750:motsé'eonȯtse
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
699:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
676:
673:
669:
664:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
629:
627:
624:defeated the
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
565:
557:
552:
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
515:
505:
503:
499:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
438:
435:
430:
428:
424:
420:
413:
410:
409:Smithsonian's
406:
402:
389:
383:
378:
372:
360:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
314:Platte Rivers
311:
307:
303:
298:
294:
290:
289:horse culture
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
214:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
192:Só'taétaneo'o
189:
185:
181:
177:
176:
167:
143:
134:
130:
126:
122:
117:
114:
110:
106:
102:
97:
94:
90:
86:
82:
77:
73:
69:
65:
64:United States
61:
56:
49:
44:
33:
26:
22:
6487:Keystone Wye
6477:Four Corners
6419:Francis Case
6204:Seth Bullock
6151:Spotted Tail
6131:Sitting Bull
6101:
5914:Central City
5777:Pactola Lake
5717:Devils Tower
5649:South Dakota
5596:reservations
5541:
5433:Devils Tower
5403:Spotted Tail
5398:Sitting Bull
5293:
5274:South Dakota
5054:Thlopthlocco
4809:Other topics
4654:Signal Butte
4649:Schultz site
4618:Dismal River
4475:McClean Site
4470:Leshara Site
4373:Cheyenne War
4203:Santee Sioux
4165:Sac language
4155:Fox language
4129:Skidi Pawnee
3914:Sopris phase
3850:Apex complex
3807:Cody complex
3794:Paleo-Indian
3756:Colorado War
3744:Major events
3723:Reservations
3543:
3532:. Retrieved
3517:
3505:. Retrieved
3498:the original
3489:
3473:
3447:The Cheyenne
3446:
3420:
3414:
3399:
3392:
3377:
3365:
3360:
3344:
3337:
3330:
3313:
3303:
3295:
3290:
3268:
3258:
3251:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3230:recorded as
3226:
3217:
3208:
3202:
3193:
3185:
3180:
3172:
3167:
3159:
3154:
3146:
3141:
3133:
3128:
3105:
3100:
3078:
3046:
3041:
3021:
3004:
2978:
2973:
2956:, pp. 111–21
2953:
2920:
2911:
2889:
2881:
2869:. Retrieved
2865:
2855:
2843:. Retrieved
2839:
2830:
2822:
2817:
2808:
2799:
2790:
2781:
2770:. Retrieved
2766:
2757:
2748:
2739:
2728:
2720:
2715:
2707:
2702:
2693:
2681:. Retrieved
2657:
2652:
2644:
2639:
2631:
2626:
2614:
2606:
2601:
2589:. Retrieved
2585:the original
2575:
2567:
2550:
2544:
2517:. Retrieved
2513:the original
2503:
2494:
2486:
2424:November 11,
2422:. Retrieved
2418:the original
2408:
2392:
2372:
2368:
2360:
2334:
2324:, killed at
2322:Dog Soldiers
2307:
2303:
2294:William Bent
2280:
2262:
2258:
2248:
2240:
2237:Morning Star
2218:
2214:
2211:Black Kettle
2186:
2185:
2173:
2163:
2154:
2145:Great Plains
2130:
2095:
2087:
2081:
2074:
2068:Issiometaniu
2067:
2063:
2056:
2046:
2042:
2035:
2025:
2018:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1991:reservations
1976:
1956:
1945:
1925:
1913:Tongue River
1905:Chief Joseph
1894:
1876:Flag of the
1853:
1825:
1810:
1806:Fort Laramie
1775:
1705:
1692:
1688:adding to it
1683:
1661:
1642:
1627:
1592:
1569:
1554:Colorado War
1539:
1531:Black Kettle
1528:
1509:
1504:Black Kettle
1488:
1480:
1443:
1436:
1423:medicine man
1420:
1398:ordered the
1392:Fort Laramie
1385:
1374:
1351:between the
1349:Great Plains
1331:such as the
1329:
1317:Fort Laramie
1313:Platte River
1309:Indian agent
1302:
1273:
1262:
1246:
1225:
1198:Indian agent
1191:
1174:
1158:
1147:
1113:tribes, and
1092:
1086:(Onéhao'o).
1013:
998:
994:Dog Soldiers
986:
974:
923:
912:
904:
900:Charles Bent
885:
878:
848:
844:
842:
810:hóhkėha'éome
809:
805:
801:
793:
785:
781:
779:
769:
761:
749:
747:
734:
730:
718:
710:
702:
700:
688:oral history
683:
679:
677:
665:
630:
606:North Dakota
591:
561:
539:
535:
531:
523:
517:
501:
495:
490:
478:
476:
471:
467:
463:
447:
443:
439:
434:Lakota Sioux
431:
426:
425:; singular:
422:
418:
416:
348:
336:
332:
330:
285:South Dakota
254:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
186:tribes, the
141:
139:
113:Christianity
37:Ethnic group
6417:Politician
6259:Ghost towns
6219:Dora DuFran
6136:Crazy Horse
6071:Three Forks
6066:Silver City
6061:Rockerville
5985:Buffalo Gap
5934:Hot Springs
5807:Sylvan Lake
5660:Attractions
5645:Black Hills
5383:Crazy Horse
5270:Black Hills
5034:Sac and Fox
4725:Indian Hill
4720:Indian Cave
4659:Site 25SM20
4516:Ahkawitakol
4495:Wright Site
4292:Petalesharo
4198:Sac and Fox
3786:in Colorado
3149:, pp. 1–57
2981:George Bent
2255:Little Wolf
2249:Tamílapéšni
2201:George Bent
2160:Ethnobotany
2151:Role models
2141:Black Hills
2117:A Cheyenne
2099:clan system
2073:Ohktounna (
2041:Só'taeo'o (
1985:like other
1979:Great Lakes
1959:Black Hills
1856:reservation
1782:Crazy Horse
1489:Tamílapéšni
1446:Bent's Fort
1323:, with the
1263:During the
1229:Assiniboine
1048:Plains Cree
1044:Assiniboine
1040:Gros Ventre
908:Owl Woman's
896:Bent's Fort
872:, 1832, in
798:Great Lakes
794:Toh'nihvoos
768:power. The
670:. In 1804,
668:Black Hills
649:Black Hills
641:soil houses
598:Great Lakes
594:Assiniboine
522:, known as
502:Tsiihistano
367: 1920
293:Black Hills
6528:Categories
6429:Historian
6401:Sculptors
6356:Tigerville
6351:Terraville
6316:Myers City
6266:Addie Camp
6233:Historian
6086:and people
5954:Rapid City
5821:bison herd
5667:Bear Butte
5600:Pine Ridge
5575:JoAnn Tall
5459:Great Race
5423:Bear Butte
5357:Little Owl
5342:Black Bear
5194:Potawatomi
4879:recognized
4689:Yutan Site
4639:Ash Hollow
4634:Leary Site
4490:Kelso Site
4317:Jim Thorpe
3576:, Oklahoma
3553:1539063747
3534:2013-07-13
3507:2012-05-12
3353:0879280751
3324:0805017305
3310:Brown, Dee
3184:Grinnell,
3171:Grinnell,
3158:Grinnell,
3145:Grinnell,
3132:Grinnell,
3104:Grinnell,
3045:Grinnell,
3020:Grinnell,
2952:Grinnell,
2772:2013-02-09
2683:13 January
2647:, pp. 1–8.
2643:Grinnell,
2566:Grinnell,
2548:Grinnell,
2519:2009-02-22
2341:Wooden Leg
2304:Woo-ka-nay
2300:Roman Nose
2245:Dull Knife
2082:Háovôhnóva
2055:Oivimána (
1897:Fort Keogh
1880:in Montana
1798:Fort Keogh
1728:Centennial
1588:Republican
1584:Smoky Hill
1542:John Evans
1257:California
1109:, various
1016:Apsáalooke
933:See also:
754:sweetgrass
715:Bear Butte
464:Sáhea'eo'o
423:Tsitsistas
337:Ohmésêhese
232:, and the
208:Tsitsistas
202:) and the
6482:Four Mile
6306:Greenwood
6291:Carbonate
6276:Blacktail
6146:Red Cloud
6141:Lone Horn
6126:Black Elk
6031:Four Mile
5969:Whitewood
5959:Spearfish
5949:Newcastle
5939:Hill City
5893:Populated
5393:Red Cloud
5388:Lone Horn
5378:Black Elk
5124:Chickasaw
5074:Wyandotte
4919:Chickasaw
4877:Federally
4302:Red Cloud
4208:Winnebago
4079:Missouria
3919:Tipi ring
3586:Cheyennes
3570:, Montana
2350:Wolf Robe
2331:Two Moons
2318:Tall Bull
2290:Owl Woman
2281:Okuhhatuh
2241:Vóóhéhéve
2205:Owl Woman
2119:sun dance
2003:Só'taeo'o
1983:wild rice
1909:Nez Percé
1832:the north
1794:Two Moons
1599:Julesburg
1481:Vóóhéhéve
1303:In 1846,
1032:Nez Perce
1024:Blackfeet
1005:tomahawks
1001:war clubs
987:Specific
969:pronghorn
814:Sun Dance
806:vonȧhéome
743:Sun Dance
602:Minnesota
583:wild rice
279:and into
265:Minnesota
188:Só'taeo'o
178:) are an
129:Blackfoot
79:Languages
6539:Cheyenne
6341:Sheridan
6311:Maitland
6301:Flatiron
6240:Sol Star
6212:General
6161:Old West
6102:Cheyenne
6056:Rochford
6010:Sundance
6000:Keystone
5990:Fairburn
5929:Edgemont
5924:Deadwood
5294:Cheyenne
5169:Muscogee
5144:Delaware
5139:Comanche
5119:Cheyenne
5114:Cherokee
5039:Seminole
4974:Kickapoo
4969:Kialegee
4934:Comanche
4909:Cherokee
4869:Oklahoma
4613:Woodland
4414:Niobrara
4074:Meskwaki
4059:Comanche
4033:Nebraska
3709:Shoshone
3689:Comanche
3684:Cheyenne
3642:Overview
3635:Colorado
3466:34412067
3238:(his) +
3212:, p. 190
3049:, p. 188
2886:Page 143
2480:Archived
2446:Archived
2377:See also
2166:infusion
2080:Hónowa (
2075:Oqtóguna
2057:Oévemana
2034:Omísis (
2031:Masikota
2007:Masikota
2005:and the
1952:Seminole
1772:charges.
1695:May 2014
1477:Cheyenne
1458:Comanche
1450:Utah War
1427:medicine
1361:Nebraska
1335:and the
1209:treaties
1182:Shoshone
1126:and the
1080:Ho-Chunk
1020:Shoshone
1009:firearms
786:Is'siwun
762:Maahótse
719:maahéome
703:Maahótse
696:prophets
643:"), and
508:Language
491:Šahíyena
479:Cheyenne
440:Šahíyena
382:Woolaroc
302:Colorado
230:Oklahoma
142:Cheyenne
99:Religion
85:Cheyenne
72:Oklahoma
41:Cheyenne
6506:Related
6444:Transit
6411:Author
6346:Spokane
6336:Pactola
6286:Cambria
6281:Burdock
6271:Bismuth
6084:History
6005:Pringle
5995:Hermosa
5964:Sturgis
5772:Needles
5653:Wyoming
5604:Rosebud
5335:Arapaho
5309:Arikara
5304:Arapaho
5278:Wyoming
5268:in the
5219:Wyandot
5214:Wichita
5209:Shawnee
5149:Koasati
5134:Choctaw
5099:Arapaho
5094:Alabama
5069:Wichita
5059:Tonkawa
5049:Shawnee
4924:Choctaw
4252:Big Elk
4054:Arikara
4049:Arapaho
3881:Archaic
3842:Archaic
3679:Arapaho
3629:
3293:(2008)
3234:; from
2570:, p. 2.
2554:, p. 10
2052:Wotápio
1965:Culture
1828:malaria
1780:, when
1712:Arapaho
1357:Rockies
1269:cholera
1213:Arikara
1107:Wichita
1036:Arikara
838:Wyoming
820:Plains
818:nomadic
782:Ésevone
731:véhoo'o
711:Nóávóse
645:Arikara
637:Hidatsa
546:History
318:Arapaho
269:Arapaho
242:Montana
125:Arapaho
89:English
68:Montana
32:Cayenne
6375:Modern
6366:Trojan
6361:Tinton
6326:Nahant
6321:Mystic
6036:Galena
5919:Custer
5902:Cities
5895:places
5868:Trails
5371:Lakota
5352:Friday
5299:Lakota
5204:Seneca
5199:Quapaw
5184:Pawnee
5179:Ottawa
5109:Cayuga
5029:Quapaw
5019:Peoria
5014:Pawnee
5009:Ottawa
4899:Apache
4881:tribes
4644:Coufal
4409:Pawnee
4099:Pawnee
3704:Pawnee
3672:People
3550:
3525:
3480:
3464:
3454:
3437:533882
3435:
3406:
3384:
3372:
3351:
3322:
3291:et al.
3246:(dull)
3092:
3085:
2996:
2989:
2903:
2896:
2871:23 May
2845:23 May
2452:2008:7
2047:Sutaio
2043:Suhtai
2001:, the
1746:, and
1653:Kansas
1595:attack
1502:Chief
1485:Lakota
1365:Kansas
1253:Mormon
1249:Oregon
1219:, the
1217:Mandan
1152:is an
1115:Navajo
1111:Apache
1082:, and
1064:Pawnee
1060:Dakota
1056:Lakota
1046:, and
919:Mexico
792:") at
774:female
735:manaho
657:Lakota
633:Mandan
626:Dakota
622:Ojibwe
564:French
558:, 1930
487:Siouan
472:Šahíya
468:Lakota
448:Šahíya
444:Šahíya
437:exonym
326:Lakota
273:Lakota
244:. The
220:: the
200:Sutaio
196:Suhtai
111:, and
51:22,970
6423:Poet
6331:Novak
6041:Hanna
6026:Dewey
5978:Towns
5837:Roads
5819:with
5319:Kiowa
5224:Yuchi
5189:Ponca
5174:Osage
5104:Caddo
5024:Ponca
4999:Osage
4989:Modoc
4984:Miami
4979:Kiowa
4904:Caddo
4572:Nanza
4526:Pahuk
4511:Pahur
4193:Ponca
4188:Omaha
4183:Ioway
4145:Hocak
4124:Sioux
4089:Omaha
4069:Kiowa
3879:Post-
3699:Kiowa
3501:(PDF)
3494:(PDF)
3433:JSTOR
3244:péšni
2401:Notes
2170:tansy
1802:Sioux
1454:Kiowa
1341:forts
1237:Omaha
1221:Ponca
1103:Osage
1084:Omaha
1068:Ponca
830:bison
826:tipis
784:(aka
739:bands
709:) at
661:Kiowa
587:bison
470:word
322:Kiowa
281:North
6405:and
6296:Etta
6206:and
6051:Nemo
5944:Lead
5651:and
5602:and
5598:are
5314:Crow
5276:and
4959:Iowa
4094:Otoe
3548:ISBN
3523:ISBN
3478:ISBN
3462:OCLC
3452:ISBN
3404:ISBN
3382:ISBN
3370:ISBN
3349:ISBN
3320:ISBN
3240:míla
3090:ISBN
3083:ISBN
2994:ISBN
2987:ISBN
2901:ISBN
2894:ISBN
2873:2024
2847:2024
2685:2008
2593:2007
2426:2013
2191:and
1838:and
1759:and
1603:loot
1586:and
1524:Utes
1456:and
1255:and
1233:Otoe
1196:and
1076:Iowa
843:The
766:male
651:and
604:and
577:and
456:Cree
396:Name
306:Crow
283:and
172:shy-
140:The
5647:of
5272:of
4964:Kaw
4867:in
4404:Oto
4109:Sac
4031:in
3714:Ute
3633:of
3425:doi
2229:at
2217:or
2164:An
2066:or
2045:or
1690:.
1483:or
1095:Ute
1072:Kaw
898:by
788:– "
694:or
534:or
493:).
259:to
240:in
228:in
198:or
190:or
6530::
3460:.
3431:.
3421:13
3419:.
3376:;
3312:.
3236:ta
3113:^
3070:^
3054:^
3029:^
3013:^
2961:^
2943:^
2929:^
2864:.
2838:.
2765:.
2665:^
2559:^
2528:^
2457:^
2434:^
2279:,
1993:.
1742:,
1625:)
1621:,
1617:,
1613:,
1609:,
1487::
1479::
1367:.
1327:.
1251:,
1239:.
1184:.
1134:.
1105:,
1101:,
1097:,
1078:,
1074:,
1070:,
1066:,
1062:,
1058:,
1038:,
1003:,
745:.
635:,
504:.
474:.
369:,
364:c.
328:.
252:.
210:,
174:AN
154:aɪ
127:,
107:,
91:,
87:,
70:,
5637:e
5630:t
5623:v
5606:.
5258:e
5251:t
5244:v
4850:e
4843:t
4836:v
4014:e
4007:t
4000:v
3615:e
3608:t
3601:v
3556:.
3537:.
3510:.
3484:.
3468:.
3439:.
3427::
3388:.
3355:.
3326:.
3276:.
2875:.
2849:.
2775:.
2687:.
2595:.
2522:.
2428:.
2314:)
2273:)
2233:)
2195:.
2084:)
2077:)
2070:)
2028:)
2021:)
1697:)
1693:(
1475:(
752:(
737:(
705:(
166:/
163:n
160:æ
157:ˈ
151:ʃ
148:/
144:(
74:)
66:(
34:.
27:.
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