47:
31:
1889:
1778:
Gowans, William. "A Brief
Description of New York, Formerly Called New Netherland with the Places Thereunto Adjoining, Likewise a Brief Relation of the Customs of the Indians There." New York, NY: 1670. Reprinted in 1937 by the Facsimile Text Society, Columbia University Press, New York. Notes that
1004:
found the region relatively cleared and ready for planting. By using various kinds of native corn (maize), beans and squash, southern New
England natives were able to improve their diet to such a degree that their population increased and they reached a density of 287 people per 100 square miles as
820:
structure. Villages were temporary and mobile. The people moved to locations of greatest natural food supply, often breaking into smaller units or gathering as the circumstances required. This custom resulted in a certain degree of intertribal mobility, especially in troubled times.
789:
were located in northern New
England: present-day Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont in what became the United States and eastern Quebec in what became Canada. They traded with French colonists who settled along the Atlantic coast and the Saint Lawrence River. The
988:
and other northern latitudes had to rely on cached food. Northerners developed a practice of going hungry for several days at a time. Historians hypothesize that this practice kept the population down, with some invoking
1518:"Book Review of "The Continuance—An Algonquian Peoples Seminar: Selected Research Papers 2000", edited by Shirley Dunn, 2004, New York State Education Department, Albany, New York, 144 pages, $ 19.95 (paper)"
1016:
The French encountered
Algonquian peoples in this area through their trade and limited colonization of New France along the Mississippi and Ohio rivers. The historic peoples of the Illinois Country were the
984:
In
December, when the snows began, the people created larger winter camps in sheltered locations, where they built or reconstructed longhouses. February and March were lean times. The tribes in
1048:
During the nineteenth century, many Native
Americans from east of the Mississippi River were displaced over great distances through the United States passage and enforcement of
1769:
Author found no strong evidence that
Indians purposely burned large areas, but they did burn small areas near their habitation sites. Noted that the Lenna Lenape used fire.
1914:
794:
were located in western New
England in the upper Hudson River Valley (around present-day Albany, New York). These groups cultivated crops, hunted, and fished.
1045:. The latter were also known as the Sac and Fox, and later known as the Meskwaki Indians, who lived throughout the present-day Midwest of the United States.
833:
1000:
agriculture. They cleared fields by burning for one or two years of cultivation, after which the village moved to another location. This is the reason the
91:
Before
Europeans came into contact, most Algonquian settlements lived by hunting and fishing, although many of them supplemented their diet by cultivating
1959:
847:
In the spring, when the fish were spawning, they left the winter camps to build villages at coastal locations and waterfalls. In March, they caught
1924:
1604:
1733:, Ph.D. dissertation. New Brunswick, PA: Rutgers University. Author notes on page 8 that Indians often augmented lightning fires. 1979
1939:
1949:
1803:
124:
1269:
1893:
1954:
69:
1793:
46:
1944:
1929:
1822:
1720:, 1953. Note: The Lenni Lenape (Delaware) in New Jersey and the Massachuset in Massachusetts used fire in ecosystems
1934:
1731:
Vegetational Change in
Northern New Jersey Since 1500 A.D.: A Palynological, Vegetational and Historical Synthesis
193:. The precise homeland of the Algonquian peoples is not known. At the time of the European arrival, the hegemonic
158:
73:
965:
and nuts. In September, they split into small groups and moved up the streams to the forest. There, they hunted
1008:
Scholars estimate that, by the year 1600, the indigenous population of New England had reached 70,000–100,000.
990:
806:
1919:
1909:
1085:
104:
1743:
Russell, Emily W.B. (1983). "Indian Set Fires in the Forests of the Northeastern United States".
1474:– Archeologists and historians who have conducted ground-breaking archeological research in the
1559:"The dispute over wild rice: an investigation of treaty agreements and Ojibwe food sovereignty"
1335:
1187:
654:
1162:
1109:
707:
1500:
985:
333:
275:
194:
85:
77:
35:
20:
8:
1683:
Day, Gordon M. (1953). "The Indian as an Ecological Factor in the Northeastern Forests".
1646:
1325:
782:
213:
1673:(Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1950), 2, 35-37, 63-65, 124.
1875:
Rural Indigenousness: A History of Iroquoian and Algonquian Peoples of the Adirondacks.
1760:
1700:
1586:
1453:
1060:. After the US extinguished Indian land claims, this area was admitted as the state of
829:
478:
468:
341:
337:
1534:
1517:
1799:
1578:
1539:
1471:
1448:
1311:
1101:
1053:
978:
802:
459:
1590:
1752:
1692:
1570:
1529:
1306:
1130:
1057:
734:
668:
312:
150:
24:
1192:
1089:
1026:
474:
297:
138:
50:
A 16th-century sketch of the Algonquian village of Pomeiock near the present-day
1558:
1429:
1330:
1049:
997:
938:
863:
786:
531:
266:
257:
243:
55:
1574:
1903:
1582:
1543:
1481:
1475:
1362:
1259:
950:
774:
754:
719:
628:
603:
570:
535:
485:
444:
430:
426:
418:
401:
370:
353:
316:
305:
292:
253:
234:
221:
130:
66:
39:
209:
The Algonquian peoples include and have included historical populations in:
1467:
1397:
1355:
1286:
1244:
1117:
1034:
942:
891:
887:
848:
810:
738:
703:
641:
562:
510:
413:
217:
198:
1826:
1402:
1387:
1316:
1182:
1038:
946:
841:
798:
540:
405:
393:
349:
230:
166:
162:
142:
81:
51:
1795:
Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England
1764:
1704:
1377:
1296:
1291:
1274:
1249:
1077:
954:
856:
758:
583:
146:
1443:
1367:
1239:
1224:
1207:
1172:
1145:
1140:
1097:
1093:
1030:
1022:
962:
958:
899:
750:
746:
558:
550:
527:
523:
482:
384:
325:
239:
190:
186:
112:
100:
1847:
1756:
1696:
1382:
1234:
1219:
1167:
1113:
1061:
1042:
915:
907:
895:
867:
770:
695:
624:
620:
599:
587:
566:
554:
518:
514:
501:
493:
463:
440:
301:
288:
284:
279:
182:
170:
154:
30:
1779:
the Lenni Lenape (Delaware) in New Jersey used fire in ecosystems.
1434:
1424:
1412:
1407:
1392:
1301:
1254:
1229:
1157:
1152:
1135:
1105:
1018:
1001:
970:
919:
817:
791:
762:
715:
699:
691:
672:
658:
645:
632:
607:
591:
574:
455:
378:
358:
321:
262:
248:
226:
174:
1484:– An alleged sub-nation that existed at least from 1630 to 1640.
996:
The southern Algonquians of New England relied predominantly on
1888:
1417:
1372:
1350:
1340:
1279:
1264:
1202:
1197:
1123:
966:
923:
911:
871:
825:
778:
766:
742:
711:
680:
676:
662:
649:
636:
611:
595:
578:
546:
505:
489:
448:
434:
409:
366:
362:
345:
134:
108:
733:
Colonists in the Massachusetts Bay area first encountered the
1345:
1073:
974:
903:
883:
879:
859:
616:
497:
422:
397:
388:
374:
92:
72:
language groups. They historically were prominent along the
1177:
1081:
931:
927:
852:
840:
could reside. They cached food supplies in more permanent,
837:
814:
687:
178:
96:
934:
and, in southern New Jersey, harvested clams year-round.
875:
832:
doors. In the winter, they erected the more substantial
201:, was regularly at war with their Algonquian neighbors.
19:
This article is about the numerous peoples speaking
1742:
1671:
Pennsylvania Agriculture and Country Life 1640-1840
1557:Raster, Amanda; Hill, Christina Gish (2016-05-24).
813:was the village: a few hundred people related by a
84:. This grouping consists of the peoples who speak
129:At the time of the first European settlements in
23:. For the "Algonquin" of Quebec and Ontario, see
1915:Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands
1901:
1052:legislation; they forced the people west of the
477:(Kikapú, Kiikaapoa, Kiikaapoi): originally from
1877:Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2018.
1682:
953:and others. In July and August they gathered
902:and streams. Putting out to sea, they hunted
1124:List of historic Algonquian-speaking peoples
133:, Algonquian peoples resided in present-day
65:are one of the most populous and widespread
1817:
1815:
937:From April through October, natives hunted
824:In warm weather, they constructed portable
809:), practised a seasonal economy. The basic
1556:
543:, Great Lakes, Subarctic, Northern Plains
1787:
1785:
1533:
1478:and other Algonquian and Iroquoian sites.
1960:Native American tribes in North Carolina
1812:
1718:New England and New York areas 1580-1800
785:were based in southern New England. The
45:
29:
1925:Indigenous peoples in the United States
1798:. New York: Hill and Wang. p. 42.
1902:
1791:
1782:
1515:
125:Colonial history of the United States
197:, based in present-day New York and
728:
13:
1867:
204:
118:
76:and in the interior regions along
16:Native North American ethnic group
14:
1971:
1881:
1940:First Nations in Atlantic Canada
1887:
1522:Northeast Historical Archaeology
1840:
1772:
1736:
1723:
1711:
1116:developed as indigenous to the
1676:
1663:
1639:
1630:
1621:
1597:
1550:
1509:
1494:
1:
1950:First Nations in Saskatchewan
1067:
828:, a type of hut usually with
42:prior to European settlements
1563:Agriculture and Human Values
1488:
1005:opposed to 41 in the north.
842:semi-subterranean structures
7:
1823:"History | Meskwaki Nation"
1535:10.22191/neha/vol35/iss1/30
1460:
1086:Upper Peninsula of Michigan
1064:in the early 20th century.
1056:to what they designated as
991:Liebig's law of the minimum
34:The geographic location of
10:
1976:
1636:Dreibelbis, 1978 , page 33
1516:Stoltz, Julie Ann (2006).
1011:
878:with hook and line in the
122:
18:
1955:First Nations in Manitoba
1575:10.1007/s10460-016-9703-6
836:, in which more than one
324:, formerly a band of the
1945:First Nations in Alberta
1930:First Nations in Ontario
1792:Cronon, William (1983).
862:. In April, they netted
1935:First Nations in Quebec
1669:Stevenson W. Fletcher,
526:(kāēyas-mamāceqtaw) of
1501:"The towne of Pmeiock"
941:birds and their eggs:
874:. In May, they caught
513:(Illiniwek), formerly
58:
43:
1627:Mark Kurlansky, 2006
1505:Encyclopedia Virginia
708:Northwest Territories
123:Further information:
49:
33:
1896:at Wikimedia Commons
1729:Russell, Emily W.B.
1647:"Algonquian peoples"
986:southern New England
276:Powhatan Confederacy
195:Iroquois Confederacy
86:Algonquian languages
78:Saint Lawrence River
38:-speaking people in
21:Algonquian languages
1605:"Algonquin Indians"
1080:, and a variety of
797:The Algonquians of
249:Carolina Algonquian
1920:Great Lakes tribes
1910:Algonquian peoples
1894:Algonquian peoples
855:, moving about in
807:Eastern Algonquian
479:southeast Michigan
469:Central Algonquian
458:, formerly of the
342:Atlantic provinces
338:Maritime provinces
59:
44:
1892:Media related to
1805:978-0-8090-0158-3
1472:William A. Starna
1102:Canadian Prairies
1072:Ojibwe/Chippewa,
1054:Mississippi River
979:white-tailed deer
500:, United States;
460:Ohio River Valley
165:, and around the
1967:
1891:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1852:www.tolatsga.org
1844:
1838:
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1084:groups lived in
1058:Indian Territory
918:. They gathered
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25:Algonquin people
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1070:
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731:
549:(including the
369:; historically
298:Powhatan people
207:
205:Tribal identity
169:in present-day
157:, and down the
149:, southeastern
139:Rocky Mountains
127:
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119:Colonial period
80:and around the
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1468:Dean R. Snow
1398:Chalahgawtha
1326:Narragansett
1255:Mattabessett
1245:Massachusett
1118:Great Plains
1071:
1047:
1015:
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983:
955:strawberries
943:Canada geese
936:
892:striped bass
851:in nets and
846:
823:
801:such as the
796:
783:Narragansett
739:Massachusett
732:
704:Saskatchewan
642:Mississaugas
563:North Dakota
414:Newfoundland
218:Rhode Island
214:Narragansett
208:
199:Pennsylvania
137:east of the
128:
90:
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60:
1651:www.know.cf
1454:Plains Cree
1403:Hathawekela
1356:Mississauga
1317:Nacotchtank
1183:Gros Ventre
963:blueberries
959:raspberries
811:social unit
805:(who spoke
799:New England
541:Anishinaabe
406:Nova Scotia
350:New England
231:Connecticut
167:Great Lakes
163:Upper South
143:New England
111:cultivated
82:Great Lakes
63:Algonquians
52:Outer Banks
1904:Categories
1857:2020-04-14
1833:2020-04-14
1656:2020-04-14
1614:2020-04-14
1378:Potawatomi
1312:Piscataway
1297:Montaukett
1275:Quinnipiac
1270:Paugussett
1250:Mattabesic
1100:, and the
1078:Potawatomi
1068:Upper west
857:birch bark
834:longhouses
803:Piscataway
759:Quinnipiac
706:, and the
584:Potawatomi
147:New Jersey
36:Algonquian
1583:0889-048X
1544:0048-0738
1489:Footnotes
1449:Weapemeoc
1444:Wampanoag
1368:Penobscot
1336:Nipissing
1307:Nanticoke
1280:Unquachog
1240:Mascouten
1225:Menominee
1208:Wappinger
1173:Chowanoke
1163:Blackfoot
1146:Pennacook
1141:Missiquoi
1131:Algonquin
1110:Blackfoot
1098:Minnesota
1094:Wisconsin
1031:Menominee
1023:Illiniwek
939:migratory
908:porpoises
900:estuaries
751:Penobscot
747:Pennacook
735:Wampanoag
669:Algonquin
655:Nipissing
559:Minnesota
551:Saulteaux
528:Wisconsin
524:Menominee
488:; now in
483:Wisconsin
385:Penobscot
326:Wampanoag
313:Wampanoag
240:Chowanoke
191:Wisconsin
187:Minnesota
113:wild rice
1848:"Ojibwe"
1591:55940408
1466:Doctors
1461:See also
1383:Powhatan
1235:Maliseet
1220:Meskwaki
1193:Kickapoo
1188:Illinois
1168:Cheyenne
1114:Cheyenne
1062:Oklahoma
1043:Meskwaki
1027:Kickapoo
920:scallops
912:walruses
896:flounder
868:sturgeon
830:buckskin
771:Pocumtuc
696:Manitoba
625:Oklahoma
623:and now
621:Michigan
600:Oklahoma
588:Michigan
567:Michigan
555:Oji-Cree
519:Oklahoma
515:Illinois
502:Coahuila
494:Oklahoma
475:Kickapoo
471:peoples
464:Oklahoma
441:Maliseet
334:Wabanaki
302:Virginia
289:Virginia
285:Pamunkey
280:Virginia
183:Michigan
171:Illinois
155:Delaware
151:New York
1765:1937331
1745:Ecology
1705:1930900
1685:Ecology
1435:Croatan
1425:Secotan
1413:Mekoche
1408:Kispoko
1393:Shawnee
1331:Niantic
1302:Mohegan
1292:Mi'kmaq
1230:Mahican
1158:Beothuk
1153:Arapaho
1136:Abenaki
1106:Arapaho
1019:Shawnee
1012:Midwest
1002:English
971:caribou
924:mussels
898:in the
864:alewife
826:wigwams
818:kinship
792:Mahican
787:Abenaki
763:Mohegan
716:Montana
700:Ontario
692:Alberta
673:Ontario
659:Ontario
646:Ontario
633:Ontario
608:Ontario
592:Indiana
575:Ontario
456:Shawnee
394:Miꞌkmaq
379:Vermont
359:Abenaki
352:in the
336:of the
328:peoples
322:Patuxet
263:Croatan
254:Roanoke
227:Mohegan
175:Indiana
161:to the
107:). The
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1373:Pequot
1351:Ojibwe
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1265:Tunxis
1260:Podunk
1203:Munsee
1198:Lenape
1104:. The
967:beaver
904:whales
882:; and
872:salmon
860:canoes
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779:Tunxis
775:Podunk
767:Pequot
761:. The
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712:Canada
681:Canada
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490:Kansas
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429:, and
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367:Canada
363:Quebec
346:Canada
189:, and
135:Canada
109:Ojibwe
103:(the "
101:squash
70:native
1761:JSTOR
1701:JSTOR
1587:S2CID
1346:Odawa
1287:Miami
1214:Unami
1074:Odawa
1035:Miami
975:moose
947:brant
932:crabs
928:clams
916:seals
888:smelt
884:trout
880:ocean
853:weirs
849:smelt
617:Odawa
498:Texas
423:Maine
398:Maine
389:Maine
375:Maine
97:beans
1800:ISBN
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