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On 6 August 1944, the allies bombed Saint-Malo, which was still under German occupation. The next day the German commander imprisoned 380 men from St. Malo in the fort as hostages. The prisoners remained there for six days, where allied shellfire killed 18 of them on the night of 9 to 10 August. Food
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In 1848 the government added a wall pierced for small arms that encircled about three-quarters of the fort. The wall was intended to protect the fort against infantry attack from the land or by troops landed on the rocks on which the fort stands. The engineers also added a small bastion in front of
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island. For their attack on Saint Malo the
English had brought a vessel packed with gunpowder to use as a floating mine against the city's defences, but it ran aground short of its target. The crew of the vessel were able to set off their bomb, but it was too far from its target to do any harm.
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The fort contains an underground cistern with a capacity of 50,000 liters, fed by gutters, and accessible both by a trapdoor and a well. The garrison held its ammunition in an underground bomb-proof magazine with a vaulted ceiling. Angled apertures provided light and air.
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The original fort was a rectangle, built of granite, with two half bastions at the south, protecting the gate. A drawbridge gave access across a dry moat. Inside the fort there is a long building that contained quarters for the officer and troops, and equipment rooms.
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was responsible for the liberation of Saint Malo, including Fort
National. The fort itself was liberated on 16 August, but not till after allied shellfire had damaged it. The fort was later restored in accordance with Vauban's original plans.
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One may visit the fort when the fort is flying the French flag. Access is only possible at low tide during the period from 1 June to 30 September and on certain other days. To see the daily opening times see the fort's website.
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of Saint Malo, which burnt criminals there. Latter a gallows occupied the site. A model in Saint-Malo's history museum suggests that a battery may have occupied the site before the erection of the Vauban fort.
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ran out on 11 August, and on 13 August 150 old men and women joined the existing prisoners. However, that evening, the
Germans permitted all the prisoners to leave during an hour-long truce.
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At the time, the fort was armed with 14 guns on marine carriages and three mortars. (Other accounts suggest that the fort originally had 23 guns, with the mortars being added in 1704.)
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The fort stands on l'ĂŽlette rock. This was originally the site of a beacon that was lit at night to act as a lighthouse. ĂŽlette was also a place of public executions for the
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The German army took control of the French coast from Cap Frehel to Saint-Malo by the end of June 1940. In 1942 work on fortifying Saint-Malo sped up as Hitler's
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The fort was originally called Fort Royal. In 1789 the fort's name became Fort d'Îlette or Républicain, then Fort Impérial and, after 1870, Fort
National.
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In 1906 the fort received recognition as a historic building. However, in 1927 the government sold the fort to a private buyer.
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The engineer Siméon
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On 26 November 1693, a fleet of 30 English and Dutch ships appeared off
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the gate. This gave the fort a total area of about 4000 square metres.
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62:had it built in 1689 to protect Saint-Malo's port.
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272:Buildings and structures in Ille-et-Vilaine
31:Fort National, Saint-Malo, not at high tide
282:Buildings and structures completed in 1689
322:Monuments historiques of Ille-et-Vilaine
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23:Fort National, Saint-Malo, at high tide
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193:Saint-Malo, viewed from Fort National
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39:Fort National, seen from Saint-Malo.
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58:. The great military architect
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297:Tidal islands of France
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178:83rd Infantry Division
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248:48.65472°N 2.02333°W
161:Battle of Saint-Malo
292:Forts of Saint-Malo
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185:Tourist information
169:project took form.
302:Saint-Malo Islands
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143:Later developments
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266:Categories
236:48°39′17″N
121:Cap Fréhel
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312:Sea forts
239:2°01′24″W
80:seigniory
129:CĂ©zembre
202:Sources
74:Origins
69:History
87:Vauban
60:Vauban
127:and
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