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over one half mile north of the old fort. Upon arriving he took on the task of surveying the terrain, its situation and advantages, in order to make recommendations on construction. Once his plans were completed he sent them as instructed to the governor in New
Orleans with all specifications and estimated costs. After some time of deliberations by the French government and many delays and discussions of the cost of construction as planned by Francois, a scaled down version of the fort was finally given approval and Francois was then given permission to start its construction. During this period of waiting for approval from France, preparations were being conducted by Francois and his crew of soldiers as he had been instructed by the governor for the forts construction, including clearing the land, felling of trees for timber and other site preparations. After the many earlier delays, the budget for building the new fort was finally approved and they proceed with the construction of Fort de Chartres.
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wooden Fort de
Chartres and was to be constructed of stone at the settlement. The main purpose of the new fort was to impress the warring Chickasaw Tribe of the area and to check and halt the progress of the British in the area. This new assignment required Francois to immediately journey to his new post in Illinois without the benefit of first returning home to Mobile for personal necessities.
445:. The French debated where to rebuild the fort. When rule of the area reverted to the French crown in the 1730s, officials began to discuss construction of a stone fortress. The government in New Orleans wanted to move the garrison permanently to Kaskaskia, but the local commandant argued for a location near the original site.
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A combination museum and office building, constructed in 1928 on the foundation of an original fort building, houses exhibits depicting French life at Fort de
Chartres. The large stone "Guards House", reconstructed in 1936, contains a Catholic chapel furnished in the style of the 1750s, along with a
533:
The
Mississippi continued to take its toll after the fort was abandoned. In 1772 the south wall and bastion fell into the river. The remaining walls deteriorated, and visitors noted trees growing in them by the 1820s. Locals carted away stones for construction over the years. By 1900 the walls were
464:
The original intention of the French
Government was for Francois and his crew to build the new stone Fort de Chartres in Kaskaskia. The Governor of the territory, Vaudreuil, eventually made the decision to leave the Fort where it stood. Due to problems of flooding it was decided to move it a little
460:
In August 1751 Francois
Saucier was summoned from Mobile to New Orleans by Governor Vaudreuil for a special assignment. This assignment was for the construction of a new fort to accommodate the garrison of additional troops that France was sending to the colony. The new fort was to replace the old
456:
The government decided to rebuild a fort in stone near the first forts rather than at
Kaskaskia. Construction began in 1753 and was mostly completed in 1754. The limestone fort had walls 15-ft (3 m)-high and 3-ft (1 m)-thick, enclosing an area of 4 acres (16,000 m). The stone for
437:
Within five years, flooding from the
Mississippi had left the original fort in bad condition. Construction of a second fort further from the river, but still on the flood plain, began in 1725. This fort was also made of logs and had a bastion at each of the four corners.
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under the command of Lt. Col. Wilkins. The
British abandoned the post in May 1772 when the majority of the 18th Foot was ordered back to Philadelphia. A small party under Capt Hugh Lord remained at Kaskaskia until May 1776.
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406:. Hoping to make a fortune mining precious metals, the company built a fort to protect its interests. The original wooden fort was built in 1718–1720 by a French contingent from New Orleans, led by
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The second wooden fort deteriorated somewhat less rapidly but by 1742 was in bad repair. In 1747 the French garrison moved to the region's primary settlement 18 miles (29 km) to the south at
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The State of
Illinois acquired the ruins in 1913 as a historic site and restored the powder magazine in 1917. The powder magazine is thought to be the oldest existing building in the state of
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307:(ammunition storehouse) of the fort is believed to be the oldest surviving building in Illinois. A partial reconstruction now exists of the limestone fort and the site is preserved as an
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priest's room, a gunner's room, an officer-of-the-day room, and a guard's room. Also on the grounds are an operating bake oven, a garden shed built of upright logs in French Colonial
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took control of the fort and surrounding area. The 42nd was shortly replaced by the 34th Foot. French Canadian settlers were ordered to leave or get a special license to remain. Many
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Partial reconstruction of the fort's walls on the original foundations followed in 1989. The frames of some additional buildings were erected as a display of the
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renamed the installation Fort Cavendish, after its colonel. However, the post was known as Ft. Chartres from 1768 on, after the 34th were replaced by the
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Keene, David J. (2013). "War and the Colonial Frontier: Fort de Chartres in the Illinois Country". In Babits, Lawrence E.; Gandulla, Stephanie (eds.).
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of France. The state historic site today hosts several large re-enactments at the fort of colonial-era civil and military life each summer.
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construction techniques used for the originals. Other buildings' foundations and cellars were exposed for educational display as well.
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576:(French: "post on sill") construction, and a kitchen garden with raised beds of produce typical of French 18th-century Illinois.
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562:. In the 1920s the foundations of the fort's buildings and walls were exposed. In the late 1920s and through the 1930s, the US
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The British had difficulty getting a regiment to their newly acquired fort, but on October 10, 1765, a small detachment of the
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construction was quarried in bluffs about two or three miles (4 km) distant and had to be ferried across a small lake.
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The fort's powder magazine, here restored, is thought to be the oldest standing building in Illinois.
501:.) The stone fort had served as center of French administration of the region for only twenty years.
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gone. The only part of the original fort that remained was the stone masonry powder magazine.
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National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: French Colonial Historic District
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828:", 42nd Royal Highlanders, Inc., of Lafayette, IN website, Retrieved October 27, 2004.
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breached the levee and sent waters fifteen feet deep to lap at the top of the walls.
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University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places
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493:. (Spain had been granted the western part of the Illinois Country—also known as
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284:. It was used as the administrative center for the province, which was part of
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Today the site has a museum and small gift shop. It plays host each June to a
288:. Due generally to river floods, the fort was rebuilt twice, the last time in
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that is said to be one of the largest and oldest in the country, celebrating
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Military facilities on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois
3263:
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1188:
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852:, Illinois Historic Preservation Agency site, Retrieved on January 24, 2008
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Mythic Mississippi Projectcultural heritage promoting community development
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The fort's powder magazine prior to restoration, from photograph in 1906
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On January 1, 1718, the French government granted a trade monopoly to
2122:
List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places
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422:. The fort was built to be the seat of government and to control the
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National Register of Historic Places in Randolph County, Illinois
2763:
1355:
680:
431:
387:
70:
The gatehouse of Fort de Chartres was reconstructed in the 1930s.
452:
1778 map of the settlements near the fort in the Illinois County
1012:
889:
601:, but the Mississippi River is still an occasional menace. The
516:
settlers moved to the more congenial culture of St. Louis. The
367:
343:
in 1974, along with other French-influenced sites such as the
3448:
Forts on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois
1693:
899:
816:", Illinois State Museum Website, Retrieved October 27, 2004.
598:
410:. When administration of the Illinois Country was moved from
319:. Located on the floodplain area that became known as the
292:
in the 1750s in the era of French colonial control over
767:
The Archaeology of French and Indian War Frontier Forts
865:. Fort de Chartres State Historic Site. Archived from
789:"Fort de Chartres -- Its Origin, Growth, and Decline"
612:
430:. The original fort was a palisade of logs with two
1724:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
1755:List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state
840:, Official website, Retrieved on January 24, 2008
3374:
3295:
2197:
2147:National Register of Historic Places portal
735:mythicmississippi.Received on February 21, 2023
3388:French colonial settlements of Upper Louisiana
2428:List of National Natural Landmarks in Illinois
2183:
1679:
915:
566:rebuilt the gateway and two stone buildings.
335:on October 15, 1966. It was named one of the
3468:1772 disestablishments in the British Empire
485:) and the French transferred control of the
276:first built in 1720 on the east bank of the
769:. University Press of Florida. p. 232.
311:state park, four miles (6 km) west of
3463:Military installations established in 1720
2190:
2176:
1686:
1672:
922:
908:
709:National Historic Landmark summary listing
386:at the corner of one of the reconstructed
64:
1695:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
855:
35:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
3349:Illinois Department of Natural Resources
549:
541:
447:
377:
114:
89:
3423:National Historic Landmarks in Illinois
3305:Local forest and conservation districts
711:. National Park Service. Archived from
3375:
2390:Abraham Lincoln National Heritage Area
838:"Fort de Chartres State Historic Site"
681:"National Register Information System"
675:
673:
3473:Military installations closed in 1772
2760:List of Illinois State Historic Sites
2171:
1667:
1164:List of French forts in North America
903:
764:
697:
659:List of French forts in North America
3408:Museums in Randolph County, Illinois
3403:Military and war museums in Illinois
3355:
2456:Wetlands of international importance
782:
780:
778:
776:
760:
758:
686:National Register of Historic Places
418:, governance was transferred to the
329:National Register of Historic Places
3438:French-American culture in Illinois
2479:Chiwaukee Illinois Beach Lake Plain
945:French colonization of the Americas
786:
670:
13:
2368:Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie
2110:National Historic Preservation Act
14:
3484:
3453:1720 establishments in New France
3393:French forts in the United States
2998:Horseshoe Lake (Alexander County)
2234:Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley
2216:National Historic Sites and Parks
883:
773:
755:
537:
341:French Colonial Historic District
223:French Colonial Historic District
3354:
3322:
3321:
2152:
2151:
2140:
1648:
1647:
1573:Military history of the Acadians
1321:Seigneurial system of New France
826:"The Expedition to Fort Chartres
643:
629:
615:
597:The site is protected by modern
426:of the region, particularly the
113:
106:
88:
81:
2438:National Wild and Scenic Rivers
997:History of the French-Americans
843:
814:"At Home on the French Frontier
468:
355:(a former Indian village), and
327:. The forts were placed on the
44:U.S. National Historic Landmark
2063:Federated States of Micronesia
1709:Architectural style categories
1326:Criminal justice in New France
955:Timeline of New France history
929:
890:Fort De Chartres Official Site
831:
819:
807:
738:
726:
393:
323:, the site is south of modern
235:
1:
3413:Illinois State Historic Sites
1316:Custom of Paris in New France
895:Biography of Francois Saucier
664:
362:The name of the fort honored
214:Colonial French Fortification
122:Show map of the United States
3443:French colonial architecture
53:Illinois State Historic Site
16:United States historic place
7:
3398:History museums in Illinois
2446:Middle Fork Vermilion River
2395:Illinois and Michigan Canal
2199:Protected areas of Illinois
608:
594:French and Indian culture.
489:east of the Mississippi to
150:Prairie du Rocher, Illinois
10:
3489:
3383:Colonial forts in Illinois
2420:National Natural Landmarks
2115:Historic Preservation Fund
2094:American Legation, Morocco
1263:Governor of Trois-Rivières
408:Pierre Dugué de Boisbriant
373:
357:the site of Fort Kaskaskia
333:National Historic Landmark
3317:
3286:
3254:
3171:
2926:
2811:
2773:
2750:
2507:
2498:
2464:Cache River-Cypress Creek
2454:
2436:
2418:
2376:
2358:
2277:National Wildlife Refuges
2275:
2257:
2205:
2135:
2102:
2081:
2056:Lists by associated state
2055:
2014:
1747:
1701:
1643:
1615:Expulsion of the Acadians
1560:
1524:
1429:
1406:Company of 100 Associates
1376:
1308:
1232:
1219:Fort St. Louis (Illinois)
1156:
1066:
1005:
937:
477:was signed following the
317:Randolph County, Illinois
259:
251:
246:
234:NRHP reference
233:
218:
210:
202:
192:
155:
145:
131:
75:
63:
59:
50:
41:
32:
25:
21:
2335:Middle Mississippi River
2037:Northern Mariana Islands
1610:French and Iroquois Wars
863:"39th Annual Rendezvous"
211:Architectural style
3458:Poteaux-sur-sol framing
3068:Jim Edgar Panther Creek
2481:(shared with Wisconsin)
2350:Upper Mississippi River
1620:Great Peace of Montreal
1421:Compagnie de l'Occident
992:History of the Acadians
528:
499:Treaty of Fontainebleau
337:contributing properties
3433:Louisiana (New France)
3231:Sand Prairie-Scrub Oak
2602:Hennepin Canal Parkway
2474:Dixon Waterfowl Refuge
2382:National Heritage Area
2032:Minor Outlying Islands
2015:Lists by insular areas
1729:Keeper of the Register
1568:Military of New France
1494:Gens de couleur libres
1224:Fort St. Louis (Texas)
1209:Fortress of Louisbourg
1033:(1682–1763, 1801–1803)
950:French colonial empire
555:
547:
453:
390:
364:Louis, duc de Chartres
3201:Harry "Babe" Woodyard
2657:Mississippi Palisades
1734:National Park Service
1714:Contributing property
794:Illinois State Museum
750:National Park Service
691:National Park Service
553:
545:
522:18th Regiment of Foot
518:34th Regiment of Foot
508:commanded by Captain
506:42nd Regiment of Foot
483:French and Indian War
451:
434:at opposite corners.
420:Company of the Indies
381:
177:38.08472°N 90.15833°W
2766:World Heritage Site)
2752:State Historic Sites
2089:District of Columbia
1268:Governor of Montreal
1174:Fort Michilimackinac
982:1763 Treaty of Paris
637:North America portal
331:and recognized as a
97:Show map of Illinois
3173:State Natural Areas
2737:William G. Stratton
2622:James "Pate" Philip
2469:The Emiquon Complex
1416:Mississippi Company
744:Brown, Margaret K.
404:Company of the West
349:Pierre Menard House
260:Designated NHL
182:38.08472; -90.15833
173: /
3226:Revis Hill Prairie
3216:Piney Creek Ravine
3196:Goose Lake Prairie
3191:Fults Hill Prairie
2868:North Point Marina
2848:Johnson-Sauk Trail
2727:White Pines Forest
2360:National Grassland
1588:King William's War
1583:Intercolonial Wars
850:"Fort de Chartres"
705:"Fort de Chartres"
556:
548:
454:
391:
3370:
3369:
3313:
3312:
3282:
3281:
3058:Mississippi River
3043:Mazonia/Braidwood
2978:Edward R. Madigan
2918:William W. Powers
2908:Wayne Fitzgerrell
2903:Washington County
2898:Stephen A. Forbes
2692:Rock Island Trail
2667:Morrison-Rockwood
2494:
2493:
2485:Upper Mississippi
2221:national monument
2165:
2164:
1719:Historic district
1661:
1660:
1598:King George's War
1578:Acadian Civil War
1525:Missionary groups
1516:Intellectual life
1253:Sovereign Council
987:History of Quebec
787:Wallace, Joseph.
693:. March 15, 2006.
313:Prairie du Rocher
278:Mississippi River
267:
266:
247:Significant dates
3480:
3358:
3357:
3325:
3324:
3297:County Districts
3293:
3292:
3206:Illinois Caverns
3018:Kishwaukee River
2815:Recreation Areas
2732:Wildlife Prairie
2637:Lake Murphysboro
2505:
2504:
2244:New Philadelphia
2212:
2211:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2169:
2168:
2155:
2154:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2068:Marshall Islands
1688:
1681:
1674:
1665:
1664:
1651:
1650:
1630:Schenectady Raid
1603:Seven Years' War
1593:Queen Anne's War
1459:King's Daughters
1411:Crozat's Company
1394:Coureur des bois
1336:Superior Council
1258:Bishop of Quebec
1243:Governor General
1184:Fort de Chartres
1043:Illinois Country
924:
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487:Illinois Country
479:Seven Years' War
298:Illinois Country
270:Fort de Chartres
263:October 09, 1960
255:October 15, 1966
237:
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27:Fort de Chartres
19:
18:
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3479:
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3372:
3371:
3366:
3309:
3278:
3250:
3236:Sielbeck Forest
3167:
3138:Snakeden Hollow
3008:Kaskaskia River
3003:Iroquois County
2988:Hamilton County
2963:Crawford County
2929:
2922:
2888:Randolph County
2858:Lake Le-Aqua-Na
2843:Golconda Marina
2814:
2807:
2769:
2746:
2627:Jubilee College
2572:Donnelley/Depue
2490:
2450:
2432:
2414:
2400:Lewis and Clark
2378:National Trails
2372:
2354:
2271:
2259:National Forest
2253:
2229:Chicago Portage
2218:
2201:
2196:
2166:
2161:
2141:
2139:
2131:
2098:
2077:
2051:
2010:
1743:
1697:
1692:
1662:
1657:
1639:
1556:
1532:Jesuit missions
1520:
1469:Casquette girls
1425:
1372:
1341:Admiralty court
1304:
1228:
1152:
1069:
1062:
1001:
960:Beginnings–1533
933:
928:
886:
881:
872:
870:
861:
860:
856:
848:
844:
836:
832:
824:
820:
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799:
797:
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756:
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698:
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678:
671:
667:
649:
644:
642:
635:
630:
628:
621:
616:
614:
611:
573:poteaux-sur-sol
540:
531:
510:Thomas Stirling
495:Upper Louisiana
475:Treaty of Paris
471:
396:
376:
321:American Bottom
280:in present-day
197:American Bottom
181:
179:
175:
172:
167:
164:
162:
160:
159:
136:Randolph County
127:
126:
125:
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118:
101:
100:
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95:
94:
93:
71:
55:
46:
37:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3352:
3345:
3342:East St. Louis
3338:
3331:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3301:
3299:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3269:Trail of Tears
3266:
3260:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3186:Franklin Creek
3183:
3177:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3148:Ten Mile Creek
3145:
3140:
3135:
3133:Silver Springs
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
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3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
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3055:
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3028:Mackinaw River
3025:
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3015:
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2970:
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2945:
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2934:
2932:
2930:Wildlife Areas
2928:State Fish and
2924:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2913:Weldon Springs
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2893:Sangchris Lake
2890:
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2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
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2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2819:
2817:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2803:Trail of Tears
2800:
2795:
2790:
2788:Hidden Springs
2785:
2779:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2756:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2702:Siloam Springs
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2677:Pere Marquette
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2632:Kankakee River
2629:
2624:
2619:
2617:Illinois Beach
2614:
2609:
2607:Horseshoe Lake
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
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2549:
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2410:Trail of Tears
2407:
2405:Mormon Pioneer
2402:
2397:
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2327:
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2300:Driftless Area
2297:
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2273:
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2261:
2255:
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3244:
3242:
3241:Spitler Woods
3239:
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3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3221:Prairie Ridge
3219:
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3214:
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3141:
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3119:
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3114:
3113:Sam Dale Lake
3111:
3109:
3108:Saline County
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3083:Powerton Lake
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3073:Peabody River
3071:
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3019:
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3009:
3006:
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2999:
2996:
2994:
2993:Heidecke Lake
2991:
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2964:
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2938:Anderson Lake
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2722:Weinberg-King
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2697:Shabbona Lake
2695:
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2688:
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2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
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2662:Moraine Hills
2660:
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2642:Lincoln Trail
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2598:
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2592:Gebhard Woods
2590:
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2573:
2570:
2568:
2567:Dixon Springs
2565:
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2555:
2553:
2552:Chain O'Lakes
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869:on 2013-07-07
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715:on 2008-03-03
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623:France portal
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497:—in the 1762
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274:fortification
272:was a French
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252:Added to NRHP
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36:
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24:
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3359:
3347:
3340:
3333:
3326:
3264:Mormon Trail
3256:State Trails
3158:Union County
3103:Sahara Woods
3023:LaSalle Lake
3013:Kinkaid Lake
2958:Coffeen Lake
2953:Carlyle Lake
2948:Banner Marsh
2943:Baldwin Lake
2873:Prophetstown
2863:Moraine View
2838:Frank Holten
2833:Eldon Hazlet
2823:Clinton Lake
2762:(including,
2717:Walnut Point
2712:Starved Rock
2577:Ferne Clyffe
2547:Cave-in-Rock
2537:Buffalo Rock
2290:Crab Orchard
2239:Lincoln Home
1961:South Dakota
1951:Rhode Island
1946:Pennsylvania
1926:North Dakota
1625:Lachine Raid
1362:Maréchaussée
1360:
1284:Terre-Neuve
1189:Fort Detroit
1183:
1169:Fort Rouillé
1142:Terre-Neuve
1048:Ohio Country
871:. Retrieved
867:the original
857:
845:
833:
821:
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798:. Retrieved
792:
766:
745:
740:
728:
717:. Retrieved
713:the original
708:
699:
684:
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571:
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532:
503:
494:
473:In 1763 the
472:
469:British rule
463:
459:
455:
440:
436:
397:
361:
345:Creole House
302:
269:
268:
146:Nearest city
3274:Tunnel Hill
3181:Cache River
3143:Spring Lake
3128:Shelbyville
3063:Newton Lake
3053:Middle Fork
3048:Mermet Lake
2983:Green River
2968:Des Plaines
2883:Ramsey Lake
2828:Eagle Creek
2707:South Shore
2652:Matthiessen
2582:Fort Massac
2542:Castle Rock
2527:Beall Woods
2522:Argyle Lake
2517:Apple River
2509:State Parks
2340:Port Louisa
2310:Great River
2082:Other areas
2042:Puerto Rico
1876:Mississippi
1791:Connecticut
1479:Amerindians
1442:1666 census
1351:Officiality
1346:Provostship
1233:Governments
1214:Castle Hill
1136:New Orleans
1112:Île Royale
1091:Quebec City
1039:(1713–1763)
1027:(1662–1713)
1025:Terre-Neuve
1021:(1608–1763)
1015:(1604–1713)
416:New Orleans
412:Quebec City
394:French rule
353:Kolmer Site
180: /
156:Coordinates
3377:Categories
3088:Ray Norbut
3078:Pekin Lake
2798:Sand Ridge
2742:Wolf Creek
2597:Giant City
2532:Beaver Dam
2345:Two Rivers
2325:Mark Twain
2315:Hackmatack
2285:Chautauqua
1991:Washington
1911:New Mexico
1906:New Jersey
1781:California
1552:Sulpicians
1509:card money
1437:Population
1331:Intendancy
1294:Louisiane
1199:Fort Condé
1122:Louisiane
1116:Louisbourg
1081:Port Royal
1037:Île Royale
931:New France
873:2009-05-27
800:2024-04-05
752:, n.d., 6.
719:2008-07-20
665:References
588:Rendezvous
286:New France
227:ID74000772
168:90°09′30″W
165:38°05′05″N
3211:Kidd Lake
3123:Sanganois
3098:Rice Lake
3093:Rend Lake
2783:Big River
2682:Red Hills
2587:Fox Ridge
2557:Channahon
2330:Meredosia
2001:Wisconsin
1966:Tennessee
1871:Minnesota
1846:Louisiana
1547:Ursulines
1542:Grey Nuns
1537:Récollets
1454:Canadiens
1449:Habitants
1399:Voyageurs
1389:Fur trade
1368:Code Noir
1248:Intendant
1146:Plaisance
1068:Towns and
1031:Louisiana
975:1663–1759
970:1608–1662
965:1534–1607
443:Kaskaskia
325:St. Louis
294:Louisiana
290:limestone
3328:Category
3246:Volo Bog
3163:Woodford
3118:Sam Parr
3033:Marshall
2973:Double T
2853:Kickapoo
2687:Rock Cut
2487:(shared)
2320:Kankakee
2157:Category
1986:Virginia
1936:Oklahoma
1916:New York
1891:Nebraska
1881:Missouri
1866:Michigan
1856:Maryland
1841:Kentucky
1821:Illinois
1796:Delaware
1786:Colorado
1776:Arkansas
1653:Category
1504:Currency
1464:Acadians
1298:Governor
1288:Governor
1278:Governor
1101:Montreal
1070:villages
1006:Colonies
609:See also
592:frontier
560:Illinois
514:Canadien
432:bastions
402:and his
400:John Law
388:bastions
384:bartizan
309:Illinois
305:magazine
296:and the
282:Illinois
241:66000329
132:Location
3361:Commons
3335:Chicago
3038:Mautino
2878:Pyramid
2764:Cahokia
2562:Delabar
2305:Emiquon
2267:Shawnee
2249:Pullman
2207:Federal
2103:Related
2006:Wyoming
1981:Vermont
1886:Montana
1826:Indiana
1806:Georgia
1801:Florida
1771:Arizona
1761:Alabama
1499:Alcohol
1489:Plaçage
1484:Slavery
1430:Society
1377:Economy
1356:Bailiff
1274:Acadie
1239:Canada
1106:Détroit
1087:Canada
1077:Acadie
938:History
424:Indians
374:History
339:to the
219:Part of
2672:Nauvoo
2647:Lowden
2612:Illini
1941:Oregon
1896:Nevada
1836:Kansas
1811:Hawaii
1766:Alaska
1702:Topics
1131:Biloxi
1126:Mobile
1019:Canada
1013:Acadia
599:levees
368:Regent
351:, the
347:, the
3288:Local
2813:State
2500:State
2073:Palau
1971:Texas
1851:Maine
1816:Idaho
1474:Métis
1157:Forts
203:Built
2219:and
2027:Guam
1976:Utah
1931:Ohio
1831:Iowa
1561:Wars
1309:Laws
529:Ruin
303:The
206:1720
193:Area
564:WPA
428:Fox
414:to
315:in
236:No.
3379::
791:.
775:^
757:^
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683:.
672:^
382:A
359:.
300:.
138:,
2380:/
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803:.
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481:(
229:)
225:(
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