114:, and companion planting. Each of the three forms involve growing two or more plants in close proximity so that they improve the growth of each other. Intercropping is most effective when it involves planting two plants of opposite needs or characteristics together; slow growing plants with faster ones, shorter rooted plant with longer rooted ones, taller plants with shorter ones. Trap-cropping involves planting flowering plants near growing produce to attract pollinating insects, and the third form, also known as companion planting, involves planting two or more crops together in order to improve flavors. Companion planting for flavor has limited scientific backing, unlike intercropping and trap-cropping.
39:, as they were then known, were lauded for their high yields and high return on investment during seasons that were often bad for typical growers. "Maraîchers" or market gardeners employed techniques of fermenting manure to warm the soil, building stone walls to keep the wind at bay, and planting crops together to produce high yields. The work of two French market gardeners, Moreau and Daverne, who wrote their "Manuel pratique de la culture maraîchère de Paris" in 1845, often referred to as "La Culture Maraîchère," in which they recorded their knowledge of the gardening techniques, is used as reference for how the technique was traditionally practiced.
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necessary for successful planting, however most prefer a bed length of 5, 10, or 20 feet to make calculations easier and yields larger. Traditionally, raised beds are the first image to come to mind when thinking of a French intensive garden. However, bed heights should be adjusted to the climates they are being built in, with drier climates having flat or sunken to maximize water collection and wetter or temperate climates utilizing raised beds. Heights vary from 1-2 inches for more warmer climates to 6-8 inches in colder areas where soil heat needs to be conserved.
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and John
Jeavons. Chadwick, an English gardener, started the Garden Project, now UC Santa Cruz's upper garden, using the French intensive method in 1967. Jeavons expanded on Chadwick's work by writing the book "How to Grow More Vegetables," which adapted the French intensive method into a consumable
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to create the high volumes it is known for. Optimal spacing is achieved when the mature plants have their leaves barely brushing each other, creating a micro-canopy protecting the soil and keeping unwanted weeds at bay. Companion planting in French intensive gardening maximizes the amount of space
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After the garden has been laid out soil preparation is the next key aspect to consider for successful planting. Weeds and debris are removed from the beds and 3-4 inches of compost or manure is dug into the soil and left for a month in order to have nutrients spread around the soil; the process can
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in which plants are grown within a smaller space and with higher yields than other traditional gardening methods. The main principles for success are often listed as soil improvement, raised beds, close spacing, companion planting, succession planting and crop rotation. Originating in France, the
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As a result of its signature small plots and minimal water usage, French intensive gardening is easily transitioned into successful method for dedicated urban and home gardeners. The lack of space afforded to individuals in cities or with small properties who wish to participate in gardening can
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Bed preparation is an important and time-consuming activity that is vital to the success of a French intensive garden, beginning with the bed layouts which are often what people associate with the French intensive system. A 3x3 foot bed is the minimum size needed to create the micro climates
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Anglade, Juliette; Medina, Michael Ramos; Billen, Gilles; Garnier, Josette (2018-08-01). "Organic market gardening around the Paris agglomeration: agro-environmental performance and capacity to meet urban requirements".
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Small for-profit gardening operations employ French intensive techniques. Companies such as SPIN, which stands for Small Plot INtensive, sell home growers manuals and how-to guides on producing for market.
85:, is the technique often used to create well aerated and evenly dispersed nutrients in the soil. Proper soil preparation is key to aiding in plant growth using French intensive companion planting.
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in his 1899 book "Fields, Factories and
Workshops." Then, in the late 1960s and early 1970s that the French intensive method made its way to the United States, helped primarily by gardeners
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is the first
English speaker credited with writing about the technique in his book "The Parks and Gardens of Paris." However, the practice wasn't taken seriously until the popularization by
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How to Grow More
Vegetables, Eighth Edition: (and Fruits, Nuts, Berries, Grains, and Other Crops) Than You Ever Thought Possible on Less Land Than You Can Imagine
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Popularity of the French intensive method reached a high in the late 1800s and early 1900s as it spread to
England. In 1869,
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adapt the French intensive method to their individual needs and produce similar harvests to gardeners with more space.
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The Winter
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be sped up by placing black or clear plastic tarps over the soil causing a pre-heating of the ground.
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practice is very popular among urban gardeners and small for profit farming operations.
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also known as raised bed, wide bed, or French market gardening is a method of
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Raised bed planters, similar to those used in French
Intensive Gardening
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Beginning in the 1500s in neighborhoods in and around Paris,
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298:"French Intensive Gardening: A Retrospective (n.d.)"
182:"French Intensive Gardening: Optimizing Your Output"
55:and understandable medium for the American public.
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Gardening method where plants are in smaller spaces
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123:Adaptation for urban gardens and home gardeners
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1320:Index of pesticide articles
360:. Potter/TenSpeed/Harmony.
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132:Small for-profit operations
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118:Modern applications
1325:List of fungicides
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774:Renaissance
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561:Sustainable
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551:Raised bed
516:Green wall
387:2019-10-21
307:2019-10-17
211:. J. Fels.
191:2019-10-17
158:References
1514:Gardening
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1335:Pesticide
1315:Herbicide
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469:Community
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253:1614-7499
24:gardening
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269:22166579
261:27146537
141:See also
1480:Commons
1393:Ikebana
1345:Pruning
1271:Organic
1221:Roguing
1107:Cutting
998:Victory
973:Spanish
953:Sensory
898:Prairie
866:Persian
856:Orchard
821:Kitchen
816:Keyhole
811:Italian
806:Islamic
801:Hanging
760:French
746:Fernery
734:English
693:Chinese
678:Cottage
606:Baroque
578:gardens
531:History
233:Bibcode
31:History
1230:Urban
1127:Taiwan
1122:Canada
1085:Botany
1078:Saikei
1073:Bonsai
1018:Winter
1003:Walled
938:School
933:Sacred
888:Physic
851:Mughal
831:Market
786:German
764:formal
756:Flower
722:Korean
641:Cactus
626:Bottle
586:Alpine
536:Native
489:Garden
474:Forest
364:
334:
267:
259:
251:
1174:Plant
1112:Flora
1061:urban
1008:Water
988:Trial
958:Shade
918:Roman
791:Greek
781:Front
683:Dutch
651:Color
265:S2CID
1095:Crop
928:Rose
923:Roof
913:Rock
908:Rain
871:Bāgh
836:Mary
826:Knot
710:Roji
601:Back
431:and
362:ISBN
332:ISBN
257:PMID
249:ISSN
978:Tea
715:Zen
616:Bog
241:doi
1510::
346:^
316:^
300:.
277:^
263:.
255:.
247:.
239:.
229:25
227:.
184:.
166:^
110:,
421:e
414:t
407:v
390:.
370:.
340:.
310:.
271:.
243::
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194:.
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