35:
427:, Friedrich Casimir not only had to allow the Calvinists to retain their religion; initially Friedrich Casimir could only hold Lutheran services for himself and his court in the chapel in the City Palace. It wasn't until 1658 that he was able to build the Lutheran Johann Church, with substantial contributions from foreign Lutherans, in particular Elector
273:
majority in the county was suspicious that the
Lutheran count might undermine their position; the marriage with the Calvinist widow laid their fears to rest. The marriage was plagued by differences. One problem was that the count was continuously in financial difficulties and he sometimes dipped into his wife's resources to alleviate his problems.
301:
died on 12 January 1642, Friedrich
Casimir was his next-of-kin. He was only a distant relative, but he was nevertheless the closest male relative and his hereditary claims were confirmed in a treaty of inheritance between Hanau-Lichtenberg and Hanau-MĂĽnzenberg dated 1610. Accepting the throne was not
349:
of Hesse-Kassel, who was regent of Hesse-Kassel for her minor son
Wilhelm VI, would provide diplomatic and political support. She aimed at Hanau-MĂĽnzenberg keeping all its territories, not least because the county was heavily indebted to Hesse-Kassel. In return, Friedrich Casimir signed a treaty of
272:
as her widow seat. As widow of a ruling count, she could raise substantial claims against the county. To avoid this, it was decided to marry
Friedrich Casimir to the widow, who was 44 years old at the time, almost 20 years older than he. An added advantage of this marriage was that the Calvinist
650:
What was lacking was the money to implement such a project. Consequently, nothing happened in South
America, and the project left behind huge debts in the county of Hanau. To compensate for this financial disaster, Friedrich Casimir considered pledging the county of Hanau-Lichtenberg to the
712:. In practice, this limitation of the Count's power often led to conflicts with the government. The regents tried to implement rigorous financial policies to repay government debt; the Count was still far more generous. In the end, a sweeping financial turnaround did not materialize.
467:
the county of Hanau got off lightly. The county was allowed to keep most of the territory it had held before 1618. Friedrich
Casimir succeeded in re-establishing a balanced relationship with the imperial court in Vienna and was appointed as imperial councillor by Emperor
707:
to be appointed regents and heads of a new administration. They were appointed co-regent and given the right to veto any decision made by
Friedrich Casimir. Friedrich Casimir's councillor were dismissed and a new government was installed, led by President of the Chamber
560:
After decades of construction, the construction of the
National High School was completed in 1665. The Lutheran School in Hanau, which had been founded in 1647, was expanded to a Lutheran High School in 1680. In 1813, it would be converted to a
472:. Even so, the county suffered from a substantial debt, which burdened Friedrich Casimir's entire reign. This was particularly problematic because Friedrich Casimir lacked any sense of financial matters. His court was modeled on the large
454:
became a permanent and solid foundation for a bi-confessional county until the early 19th century. It did not, however, stop the continuing debate between the two confessions. It wasn't until 1818 that the two churches formally merged.
492:
The political landscape in which
Friedrich Casimir had to operate, remained marked by uncertainty, even after the Peace of Westphalia. This was particularly true for the Hanau-Lichtenberg part of the country, which was within reach of
212:
that was usual for youngers of his standing. He visited countries that were not affected by the Thirty Years' War: France, Spain, Italy, England and the
Netherlands. He was probably safer there than in his war-torn homeland.
396:). Its leadership was composed of wealthy merchants and traders who took advantage of the weak position of the new count to negotiate favourable conditions, in particular, they demanded guarantees that the religious
569:
manufacturing plants in Germany was founded by Daniel Behaghel and Jacob van der Walle, using a countly privilege issued on 5 March 1661; it would operate successfully until the early 19th century. In 1678, the
476:
courts and his expenses exceeded the capacity of his county. In order to finance his expenses, such as his art collection and his wax museum, he resorted to selling off real estate, ultimately selling the
350:
inheritance, promising that if Hanau-MĂĽnzenberg were to die out in the male line, the country would fall to Hesse-Kassel. This would eventually happen in 1736. Friedrich Casimir also gave Hesse-Kassel the
171:
695:
staged a coup in November 1669 and seized power while Friedrich Casimir was absent. However, his emergency government broke down after three days. His relatives and the guardians of successors,
341:, the current power structure weighed more heavily than legal niceties. Georg of Fleckenstein-Dagstuhl appreciated the situation and made sure that Hesse-Kassel would back Friedrich Casimir.
260:
When Friedrich Casimir took office in Hanau-MĂĽnzenberg, the county was financially in a precarious situation, due to the Thirty Years' War. When he arrived in Hanau, he was greeted by
205:
had to be set up. Just one year later, in 1642, he also inherited the County of Hanau-MĂĽnzenberg. For the first time since 1458 all parts of Hanau were again united in one hand.
444:
denominations on an equal footing and gives each its own church administration, so that there were two established churches in the County of Hanau and the count had to waive his
738:
Friedrich Casimir's widow, Sibylle Christine of Anhalt-Dessau, survived him by less than a year. She was buried in the crypt of the Reformed St. Mary's Church, also in Hanau.
622:
Many of Count Friedrich Casimir's projects remained castles in the sky. These include an Academy of Sciences and Arts. It would be established in Hanau and named Sophopolis.
679:, which was vital for the economy of Hanau. Friedrich Casimir's relatives opposed this plan; to get them out of the way, Georg Christian tried to have himself appointed
404:
would be maintained. After ten days of negotiating, Georg of Fleckenstein-Dagstuhl gave this guarantee, so that Friedrich Casimir could finally accept his inheritance.
1387:
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acted as guardian, until his death in 1647. Since only a few months remained until the age of majority, no further attempt was made to establish a guardianship.
201:
On 14 February 1641, Friedrich Casimir succeeded his father as ruler of the county of Hanau-Lichtenberg. Legally, he was still a minor at the time, so that a
431:
of Saxony, after whom the church was named. Lutheran congregation were formed in many communities in the county, leading to considerable controversy.
333:
held that the family relationship between Friedrich Casimir and Johann Ernst was too distant and that Johann Ernst therefore had no male heir, so the
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183:
119:
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265:
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545:
1469:
1262:… wegen geführten großen Staats, aber schlechter Zahlung der Schulden …. Zur finanziellen Lage der Grafschaft Hanau im 17. Jahrhundert
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230:
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Under the law at the time, he was a minor until the age of 25. A committee of guardians was established for him and his two brothers,
226:
342:
1291:
Georg Christian von Hessen-Homburg (1626–1677). Offizier, Diplomat und Regent in den Jahrzehnten nach dem Dreißigjährigen Krieg
238:
1504:
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was completed and should be terminated. However weak their position might have been legally, in the confused situation of the
1524:
1403:
774:
709:
434:
In 1650 and 1670, the two sides in the religious dispute came to agree on a compromise. The 1670 compromise is known as the
419:. Back then, Philipp Ludwig II had been able to decide the denomination for himself and his subjects under the principle of
1509:
346:
241:. When Johann Ernst died in 1642, the Baron remained as the sole guardian. After he died in 1644, Count Georg Albrecht of
1119:
692:
276:
The marriage with the elderly widow remained childless. Shortly before his death, Friedrich Casimir adopted his nephews
302:
without its problems. Friedrich Casimir had to travel through enemy territory in disguise, accompanied by his guardian
261:
109:
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303:
234:
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639:. The idea probably came from Johann Joachim Becher. This project progressed as far as a final contract with the
322:
592:
1234:
704:
1476:
643:. Friedrich Casimir probably already saw himself as king of a tropical empire, however, he was derided as
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Die Folgen des großen Krieges - der Westen der Grafschaft Hanau-Münzenberg nach dem Westfälischen Frieden
247:
1449:
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and had repeatedly been occupied during the war. The part of Hanau-Lichtenberg on the left bank of the
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To compensate for the loss of population of the war, he promoted immigration of Swiss people from the
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351:
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Friedrich Kretschmar, a vagabond and princely advisor with a dubious reputation, Swedish councillor
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576:, one of Germany's oldest newspapers, was founded. Friedrich Casimir was a member of the literary
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326:
1529:
1346:
Festschrift des Hanauer Geschichtsvereins zu seiner fünfzigjährigen Jubelfeier am 27. August 1894
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by the Peace of Westphalia and were placed under the sovereignty of the French crown. After the
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62:
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was alleged to have stood behind this project. He was also alleged to try to transfer the
380:("New Hanau"). The latter had been settled at the turn of the 16th to the 17th century by
8:
510:
464:
389:
368:, the capital of Hanau-MĂĽnzenberg, consisted at the time of the legally separate cities:
187:
599:, on the other hand exchanging territories in order to make both countries more convex.
154:
1399:
1251:
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Friedrich Casimir died on 30 March 1685 in Hanau. He was buried in the crypt of the
529:. Hanau had declared itself neutral, but was completely surrounded by French troops.
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502:
411:, like the rest of the Hanau-Lichtenberg family. Hanau-MĂĽnzenberg, however, had been
150:
26:
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in apersonal union, on the one hand resolving disputes which had arisen during the
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41:
Allegory of the acquisition of Suriname by Count Friedrich Casimir of Hanau in 1669
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514:
175:
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Mitteilungen des Hanauer Bezirksvereins fĂĽr hessische Geschichte und Landeskunde
1324:
Die Reise des Grafen Friedrich Casimir von Hanau zum Regensburger Reichstag 1664
1313:
Flugschriften zur Geschichte des Grafen Friedrich Casimir von Hanau bei Bernhard
1498:
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Friedrich Casimir's relatives then pulled the emergency brake. His brother,
34:
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202:
1335:
Urkundliche Geschichte der Grafschaft Hanau-Lichtenberg im unteren Elsasse
1238:(in German), vol. 23, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 38–41
676:
517:
to the French king for these areas. In 1672, French troops even occupied
330:
182:), the residence of the county of Hanau-Lichtenberg, as the son of Count
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209:
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190:(1602–1639). During his childhood, his parents and he had to flee to
146:) was a member of the Hanau-Lichtenberg branch of the House of Hanau.
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and a small security detail. He arrived in Hanau on 21 January 1642.
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Johann Georg Seyfried, who was later ennobled as Baron von Edelsheim
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faith in order to secure support from the Catholic side. Landgrave
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The high point of his fantastic projects was the foundation of the
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Beiträge zur Kirchenpolitik des Grafen Friedrich Casimir von Hanau
552:. They provided no counterweight to Friedrich Casimir's ambition.
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362:(the secularized Naumburg Abbey) as collateral for the debt.
268:, who had been the ruling count until 1638. She had received
143:
79:
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The County of Hanau-MĂĽnzenberg was inherited by his nephew
334:
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Ancestors of Friedrich Casimir, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg
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Countess Palatine Anna Magdalena of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler
1337:, 2 vols, 1862, reprinted: Pirmasens 1970, p. 512 ff
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into the county of Hanau-Lichtenberg. These people held
440:("religious main recess"). The compromise puts the two
1227:
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5. Maria Elisabeth of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein (1576–1605)
697:
Christian II, Count Palatine of ZweibrĂĽcken-Birkenfeld
610:
beliefs and Hanau-Lichtenberg was still predominantly
735:. This division was reconfirmed in a treaty in 1691.
565:. During Friedrich Casimir's reign, one of the first
43:(1676). Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe Inv. #1164
1033:6. Ludwig Eberhard of Öttingen-Öttingen (1577–634)
671:of Dorheim to his own Landgraviate, including the
1295:Quellen und Forschungen zur hessischen Geschichte
1496:
897:10. Wolfgang of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein (1546–1610)
731:, the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg by his nephew
1062:13. Johanna of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein (1557–1585)
1416:Friedrich Casimir, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg
1392:Der Dreißigjährige Krieg in Hanau und Umgebung
949:11. Magdalena of Nassau-Dillenburg (1547–1643)
292:
186:(1595–1641) and his wife, Countess Johanna of
974:Friedrich Casimir, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg
802:Johann Reinhard I, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg
1308:, vol. 6, 1927, pp. 53–56, 61–63, 70–72
862:Philipp Wolfgang, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg
571:
544:, a doctor and economic theorist, Landgrave
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120:Philipp Wolfgang, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg
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397:
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33:
835:Ludowika Margaretha of ZweibrĂĽcken-Bitsch
583:Several treaties were concluded with the
548:, a soldier and diplomat, and the author
1353:Die letzten Grafen von Hanau-Lichtenberg
1297:, vol. 58, Darmstadt,1985, p. 176ff
715:
229:. Initially, the committee consisted of
1366:, 3rd ed., Hanau, 1919, reprinted: 1978
1244:Die Landesverfassung in dem Hanauischen
532:Among his advisors were the doctor and
313:of Hanau-MĂĽnzenberg, in particular the
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1268:, vol. 31, Hanau 1993, p. 123–148
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1359:, vol. 12, Hanau 1886, p. 56–68
1145:7. Margarethe von Erbach (1576–1636)
343:Amalie Elisabeth of Hanau-MĂĽnzenberg
237:, who was a great-grandson of Count
1342:Genealogie des Hanauer Grafenhauses
1120:Georg III, Count of Erbach-Breuberg
1085:3. Johanna of Oettingen (1602–1639)
693:Johann Philipp of Hanau-Lichtenberg
631:, a colony that would arise on the
13:
591:, which were both administered by
262:Sibylle Christine of Anhalt-Dessau
110:Sibylle Christine of Anhalt-Dessau
14:
1541:
686:
304:Georg II of Fleckenstein-Dagstuhl
235:Georg II of Fleckenstein-Dagstuhl
1330:, vol. 20, 1965, p. 129–146
1284:Hanauisch-Indien einst und jetzt
1279:, vol. 20, 1965, p. 129–146
1228:Friedrich Wilhelm Cuno (1886), "
299:Johann Ernst of Hanau-MĂĽnzenberg
231:Johann Ernst of Hanau-MĂĽnzenberg
614:, but Calvinism was tolerated.
239:Philipp IV of Hanau-Lichtenberg
216:
208:From 1643 to 1645, he made the
1376:
1319:, vol. 16, 1937, p. 43–52
1235:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
165:Friedrich Casimir was born in
1:
1273:Das Hanauer „tolle Jahr“ 1669
1221:
1174:15. Anna of Solms (1557–1586)
540:, a self-styled philosopher,
509:of 1678 and a verdict of the
1525:17th-century German nobility
1370:
741:
724:St. Johann Church in Hanau.
647:by the population of Hanau.
635:river on the north coast of
617:
593:Johann Philipp von Schönborn
501:had been separated from the
7:
1510:Counts of Hanau-Lichtenberg
293:Inheriting Hanau-MĂĽnzenberg
149:He was the ruling Count of
39:Johann David Welcker :
10:
1546:
1505:Counts of Hanau-MĂĽnzenberg
1450:Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg
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989:
872:
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550:Johann Michael Moscherosch
194:several times, due to the
136:Friedrich Casimir of Hanau
90:St. Johann Church in Hanau
27:Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg
1483:
1477:Count of Hanau-MĂĽnzenberg
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1328:Hanauer Geschichtsblätter
1289:Margarete Hinterreicher:
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1388:Hanauer Geschichtsverein
1250:, vol. 34, Hanau, 1996,
641:Dutch West India Company
415:since the days of count
407:Friedrich Casimir was a
142:; died 30 March 1685 in
459:The political framework
331:Imperial Abbey of Fulda
287:
138:(born 4 August 1623 in
655:and converting to the
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1362:Ernst J. Zimmermann:
1322:Johannes Koltermann:
1311:Johannes Koltermann:
716:Death and inheritance
589:Bishopric of WĂĽrzburg
542:Johann Joachim Becher
327:Bishopric of WĂĽrzburg
264:, the widow of Count
1364:Hanau Stadt und Land
585:Archdiocese of Mainz
578:Fruitbearing Society
319:Electorate of Saxony
315:Archdiocese of Mainz
129:Johanna of Oettingen
1460:Johann Reinhard III
1406:, pp. 277-320 (289)
1317:Hanauisches Magazin
1306:Hanauisches Magazin
1282:Ferdinand Hahnzog:
1271:Ferdinand Hahnzog:
1260:Reinhard Dietrich:
1242:Reinhard Dietrich:
733:Johann Reinhard III
556:Successful projects
465:Peace of Westphalia
452:ReligionshauptrezeĂź
437:ReligionshauptrezeĂź
390:Spanish Netherlands
282:Johann Reinhard III
188:Oettingen-Oettingen
161:Childhood and youth
1398:, issue 45, 2011,
1340:Reinhard Suchier:
511:Chamber of Reunion
374:("Old Hanau") and
358:and the Winery of
227:Johann Reinhard II
1493:
1492:
1484:Succeeded by
1457:Succeeded by
1404:978-3-935395-15-9
1230:Friedrich Casimir
1218:
1217:
1214:
1213:
645:King of Cockaigne
597:Thirty Years' War
507:Peace of Nijmegen
503:Holy Roman Empire
417:Philipp Ludwig II
339:Thirty Years' War
196:Thirty Years' War
153:from 1641 and of
151:Hanau-Lichtenberg
133:
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20:Friedrich Casimir
1537:
1487:Philipp Reinhard
1467:Preceded by
1443:Philipp Wolfgang
1440:Preceded by
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653:Duke of Lorraine
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481:of Rodheim to
460:
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447:jus reformandi
429:Johann Georg I
384:refugees from
294:
291:
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284:as his heirs.
270:Steinau Castle
266:Philipp Moritz
257:
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223:Johann Philipp
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665:Hesse-Homburg
662:
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637:South America
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392:(present-day
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356:Schwarzenfels
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73:30 March 1685
72:
68:
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59:4 August 1623
51:
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36:
31:
28:
24:
17:
1475:
1470:Johann Ernst
1448:
1431:
1424:
1419:
1395:
1391:
1383:
1382:Erhard Bus:
1378:
1363:
1356:
1352:
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1305:
1301:
1294:
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1247:
1243:
1233:
973:
737:
726:
719:
690:
649:
644:
626:
624:
621:
601:
582:
559:
538:Bengt Skytte
531:
527:Seligenstadt
491:
470:Ferdinand II
462:
451:
433:
406:
364:
308:
296:
275:
259:
220:
217:Guardianship
207:
203:guardianship
200:
164:
148:
135:
134:
97:Noble family
75:(1685-03-30)
40:
1520:1685 deaths
1515:1623 births
1300:Paul Jung:
1122:(1548–1605)
864:(1595–1641)
837:(1540–1569)
804:(1568–1625)
777:(1541–1599)
677:Bad Nauheim
311:liege lords
297:When Count
246: [
180:Buchsweiler
157:from 1642.
1499:Categories
1481:1642–1680
1454:1641–1680
1222:References
683:of Hanau.
563:Realschule
463:Under the
442:Protestant
400:status quo
233:and Baron
210:Grand Tour
192:Strasbourg
167:Bouxwiller
140:Bouxwiller
63:Bouxwiller
55:1623-08-04
1371:Footnotes
742:Ancestors
705:Leopold I
673:salt mine
618:Fantasies
608:Calvinist
534:Alchemist
519:Friedberg
495:Louis XIV
485:for 9000
413:Calvinist
382:Calvinist
347:Wilhelm V
172:‹See Tfd›
106:Spouse(s)
722:Lutheran
669:district
657:Catholic
612:Lutheran
587:and the
479:district
409:Lutheran
388:and the
377:Neuhanau
371:Althanau
360:Naumburg
352:district
329:and the
309:Several
633:Orinoco
567:faience
474:Baroque
394:Belgium
1430:
1402:
1386:, in:
1355:, in:
1344:, in:
1326:, in:
1315:, in:
1304:, in:
1293:, in:
1275:, in:
1264:, in:
1254:
1246:, in:
681:regent
515:homage
450:. The
386:France
325:, the
256:Family
243:Erbach
176:German
126:Mother
116:Father
86:Buried
1432:Died:
1425:Born:
499:Rhine
487:taler
366:Hanau
250:]
144:Hanau
80:Hanau
1400:ISBN
1252:ISBN
1118:14.
699:and
525:and
335:fief
288:Rule
280:and
225:and
70:Died
49:Born
1232:",
972:1.
860:2.
833:9.
800:4.
773:8.
675:of
663:of
354:of
1501::
1394:=
1390::
580:.
521:,
489:.
321:,
248:de
198:.
178::
169:(
57:)
53:(
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