581:
would serve at the pleasure of the governor under E.O. 94-3. In March 1996, Sonoda received a letter from the governor's
Secretary of Finance, Antonio R. Cabrera, which terminated Sonoda's employment under E.O. 94-3. He was given no cause and no notice. Three days prior to his termination, Sonoda had testified at a legislative hearing; believing that his termination was revenge by the Democratic Governor Tenorio for his apparent Republican leanings in this testimony, Sonoda filed a lawsuit in district court against Cabrera and Tenorio, alleging that they had violated his rights under the
1464:
532:, for Rep. DeLay on New Year's Eve in 1997. Although House ethics rules at the time prohibited House members from accepting such gifts from lobbyists, the trip was funded directly by the CNMI and thus was technically allowable. While visiting the islands, DeLay praised Tenorio, saying, "You represent everything that is good about what we are trying to do in America." DeLay also attended a reception hosted by Abramoff client Willie Tan of the
536:, which had been fined in the past for numerous violations of federal labor laws. Tan, who has been described as "a local powerbroker" in the CNMI, is part of the islands' garment manufacturing industry, notorious for forcing Chinese immigrant workers to live in squalid conditions, work for far less than minimum wage, engage in forced prostitution, and be subjected to forced abortions so they could continue to work.
699:, hoping to represent Precinct 1. Tenorio ran on a platform of increased government investment in tourism, reform of the Commonwealth Utilities Corporation, and economic growth through job creation and increased purchasing power for residents, favoring job creation through new construction projects. He later said in an interview that if elected he would seek to restore the earned income credit, an
525:, another Abramoff client for whom DeLay manipulated legislation. Around this time, Rohrabacher attacked proponents of subjecting the CNMI to federal minimum wage and immigration laws on the House floor, calling descriptions of the human rights violations going on in the CNMI "nonstop, politically driven attack on the government and people of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands."
580:
In
December 1995, Tenorio appointed Jose A. Sonoda as Director of the Division of Customs Services within the CNMI government's Department of Finance. Sonoda signed a two-year contract and a "Conditions of Employment" agreement, the latter of which made reference to the fact that government employees
575:
In order to assure the accountability of government managers, all officials at or above the level of division director, or the equivalent by whatever title known, shall be appointed by and serve at the pleasure of the
Governor, provided that such official shall report to and serve under the direction
405:
Tenorio frequently battled with the
Republican-dominated legislature during his term. His first executive order was a sweeping reorganization of the commonwealth government that was contested by both litigation and by the legislature. It was eventually put into effect. The Republican legislature also
660:
During the 1997 gubernatorial election, Tenorio was heavily criticized when there were reports of $ 29 million missing from the CNMI's trust account for tax rebates. Rumors circulated that
Tenorio had broken the law in some regard, perhaps by stealing the money. He lost his re-election bid that
607:
The
Supreme Court also ruled that E.O. 94-3 usurped the power to determine which positions were exempt from the civil service system, held exclusively by the CNMI Legislature under Article XX of the CNMI's constitution. For both of these reasons, the Court said it would rule that particular section
401:
Tenorio governed as a fiscal conservative in several ways. He warned the legislature against increasing spending without accompanying measures to increase revenue. However, the legislature implemented an earned income credit which was repealed after
Tenorio left office because there were not enough
602:
While this Court recognizes that the
Governor may reallocate offices for "efficient administration" subject to Legislative approval sixty days after submission, the Executive may not create a system whereby employment positions would be created and appointed at his pleasure. The Governor lacks the
493:
In
October 1996, the contract with Preston Gates expired, but the Tenorio administration broke CNMI laws and continued to pay the firm without a valid contract until Tenorio left office on January 11, 1998. By the end of Tenorio's term, the CNMI government had paid the lobbyists a total of $
433:
Governor
Tenorio has embarked on a bold course to promote economic and political liberty in the CNMI. The brave men and women who died for freedom at the battle of Saipan would be proud to know that Governor Tenorio has been a true champion of freedom in the Western Pacific. Governor Tenorio
418:
industry, which drew chiefly upon female foreign workers, generally from China. These workers were generally paid far less than the minimum wage in the United States and were brought in extensively through the CNMI's immigration system, which differed from that of the United States. Federal
481:
In 1993, the Tenorio administration, concerned that the federal government of the United States might attempt to end the CNMI's exemptions from federal minimum wage laws and federal immigration regulations, thus harming the islands' garment manufacturing industry, hired a firm,
1508:
652:, therefore, embroiled Governor Tenorio in a lengthy legal controversy that lasted well beyond the end of his term and ended up striking down one of his executive orders as unconstitutional and stating that, in firing Sonoda, Tenorio had far exceeded his constitutional power.
559:. Named in the Abramoff scandals and surrounded by associates pleading guilty or facing criminal charges in those scandals, DeLay resigned from the House of Representatives in disgrace in 2006. In 2010, Tenorio maintained that Abramoff "did the job" and deserved his pay.
413:
As Governor, Tenorio was a fierce opponent of federal legislation that would have extended federal minimum wage and immigration laws to the CNMI, which at that time was exempt from those laws. The predominant industry in the CNMI (outside of tourism) was the garment
1210:
796:
636:
Regardless of whether the defendants reasonably believed Sonoda to be an exempted employee, this was legal error because even an at-will employee cannot be terminated if the reason for the termination was the exercise of constitutionally protected First Amendment
1041:"Jose A. Sonoda, Paintiff-Appellee, v. Antonio R. Cabrera; Froilan C. Tenorio; Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Defendants-Appellants., 189 F.3d 1047 (9th Cir. 1999) – Federal Circuits – Docket Number: 97-16068 – November 23, 2005 – August 31, 1999"
641:
The appellate court also held that the defendants were not entitled to qualified immunity in the due process claim either, as the Northern Mariana Islands Supreme Court had ruled that only the legislature could make exemptions from the civil service system in
661:
year. Later the CNMI Department of Finance stated that the $ 29 million was not missing as only $ 2 million had ever been deposited; the CNMI legislature had repealed and then reinstated the law requiring that funds be deposited in the account.
462:, won the election easily with 45.6% of the vote. Democratic support was split between Governor Tenorio and his Lieutenant Governor, Jesus C. Borja. Tenorio received 27.4% of the vote and Borja received 27%. Tenorio left office in early 1998.
692:, returning to the Democratic Party. After receiving the Democratic nomination, Tenorio finished fourth in a four-way contest, with approximately 18% of the vote. Fitial defeated Heinz S. Hofschneider and Babauta by a very small margin.
597:
the question of whether Governor Tenorio had violated the CNMI's constitution with E.O. 94-3. In April 1997, the Supreme Court answered that Tenorio had exceeded his executive power, granted under Article III of the CNMI's constitution:
631:
as they had reasonable belief that Sonoda could be legally dismissed under E.O. 94-3. In 2001, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit reversed this decision, ruling that the defendants were not entitled to qualified immunity:
517:(R-California), and several others. These same congressmen would later lead efforts to extend the CNMI's exemptions from federal minimum wage and immigration laws. On the October 1997 trip Tenorio also met with leaders of the
406:
frequently rejected Tenorio's appointments; Alexandro C. Castro, who was twice Tenorio's Supreme Court nominee, was twice rejected by the legislature. He was later appointed successfully to that court by Tenorio's successor,
800:
543:
to Saipan industries. Abramoff also allegedly paid the expenses for at least two other trips to the Marianas. In both cases, Abramoff was reimbursed by Preston Gates, which was then being paid by the Marianas government.
716:
570:
In June 1994, Governor Tenorio submitted Executive Order 94-3 to the Commonwealth Legislature. The legislature failed to modify or disapprove of the order, thus allowing it to become effective. The order stated:
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Tenorio was subsequently employed by the Los Angeles, California department of public works. In 1972 he was hired by the Micronesian Construction Company. He founded his own construction company two years later.
704:
89:
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486:, to lobby on its behalf. Between October 1993 and September 2001, the firm was paid about $ 6.7 million by the CNMI government, about 72 percent of the government's overall lobbying payments. In 1995,
1143:
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recognizes that the market, and not the government, is the engine of job creation. Governor Tenorio has pushed forward with a program of privatization, fiscal restraint, and lower taxes for his people.
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After he lost his bid for re-election, Tenorio repeatedly attempted to return to the governor's office. In 2001, he ran in a four-way race against Borja (running as a Democrat this time), Republican
497:
In March 1996, March 1997, and October 1997, Abramoff arranged trips to Washington, D.C., for Tenorio and his wife. There, Tenorio met with Republican leadership in Congress, including Rep.
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In May 2009, Tenorio announced that he had joined the Covenant Party and was allied with Governor Fitial. Rather than seeking the gubernatorial post again, Tenorio ran for a seat in the
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from 2010–2013, a unique three-year term caused by the 2009 and 2012 change in local elections from odd to even years, N.M.I. Const. art. VIII, § 1, but resigned after one year.
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in 1992, thus making it a well-established precedent by the time Tenorio and Cabrera fired Sonoda. They remanded the case back to the district court to decide on that basis.
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319:. Elected in 1993, he served one term from January 10, 1994 to January 12, 1998. During his governorship and most of his political career, Tenorio was a member of the
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implemented by his administration in the 1990s, to increase employment and purchasing power. Tenorio won the election and was subsequently selected for the post of
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granting summary judgment in favor of the defendants, stating that the reason for Sonoda's termination was irrelevant because Tenorio and Cabrera were entitled to
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Ultimately, the CNMI ended its relationship with Preston Gates and Jack Abramoff in 2001, years after it was originally ended by Froilan Tenorio's successor,
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612:, which ruled in 1999 that it did not have jurisdiction in the case because it did not involve any federal rights or laws, citing the precedent set in
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5.21 million in public funds. The payment without contract was later judged illegal in an investigation by the CNMI Office of the Public Auditor.
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legislation signed nearly a decade after Tenorio left office altered the minimum wage regulations and immigration system of the CNMI.
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and three two-year terms as Washington representative. He first ran for governor in 1989. In 1993 he ran again and won.
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After the trip, Abramoff helped DeLay craft policy that extended exemptions from federal immigration and minimum-wage
551:, only to have the contract renewed by the commonwealth legislature under the direction of then-Speaker of the House
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555:. After this and other scandals were publicized, Abramoff pleaded guilty to felony charges related to the
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Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from the Northern Mariana Islands
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685:, which he had founded in 1999. Tenorio was soundly defeated, and Babauta was elected governor.
315:(September 9, 1939 – May 4, 2020) was a Northern Mariana Islander politician who was the fourth
681:. Rather than running as a Democrat as he had in the past, Tenorio ran as the candidate of the
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883:"Abramoff Allies Keeping Distance: Lobbyist Under Scrutiny for Dealings With Indian Tribes"
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In 1997, Tenorio ran for re-election in a three-way race. Ultimately, the nominee of the
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of E.O. 94-3 to be unconstitutional. Tenorio and Cabrera appealed this decision to the
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List of Asian Americans and Pacific Islands Americans in the United States Congress
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1114:"GOP IN LANDSLIDE CNMI VICTORY: BABAUTA GOVERNOR | Pacific Islands Report"
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919:"Unheard No More!: Dana Rohrabacher: A Five Star General in Abramoff's Army"
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Abramoff later arranged an all-expenses paid trip to the CNMI capital,
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Tenorio's early career in elective office consisted of one term as a
331:, a party he founded. Froilan Tenorio would later switch back to the
823:"Constitution of the Northern Mariana Islands, Article V, Section 2"
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of the head of any supervisory official, such as a department head.
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Speakers of the Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives
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Speaker of the Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives
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http://www.mvariety.com/speaker-abramoff-deserved-his-pay.php
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authority, under the Constitution, to appoint such positions.
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490:, employed at Preston Gates, took on the CNMI as a client.
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Democratic Party governors of the Northern Mariana Islands
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Resident Representatives of the Northern Mariana Islands
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Democratic Party (Northern Mariana Islands) politicians
1236:
Resident Representative of the Northern Mariana Islands
961:"Another Stumble for Ralph Reed's Beleaguered Campaign"
619:
In 2000, the district court denied Sonoda's motion for
133:
Resident Representative of the Northern Mariana Islands
1009:"Sonoda v. Cabrera, CNMI Supreme Court decision, 1997"
735:
470:
1494:
Covenant Party (Northern Mariana Islands) politicians
1063:"No. 00-15426. – SONODA v. CABRERA – US 9th Circuit"
610:
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
422:
During his term, Tenorio was praised extensively by
327:. However, he later switched his affiliation to the
323:, which was not then affiliated with the American
977:
697:Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives
438:DeLay and Tenorio shared strong ties to lobbyist
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429:of Texas, including on the House floor in 1997:
321:Democratic Party of the Northern Mariana Islands
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16:Northern Mariana Islands politician (1939–2020)
738:"Former Gov. Froilan Cruz Tenorio passes away"
677:, who was running as the candidate of the new
1382:
933:
980:"Democrats' Travel Costs Linked to Lobbyist"
905:"Lobbyist's Mariana Islands Work Questioned"
102:January 11, 2010 – January 14, 2013
49:January 10, 1994 – January 12, 1998
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188:January 14, 1980 – January 9, 1984
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145:January 9, 1984 – January 8, 1990
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1398:Governors of the Northern Mariana Islands
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1349:Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands
1313:Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands
1272:Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands
1211:National Governors Association biography
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442:, and both would become infamous in the
317:governor of the Northern Mariana Islands
37:Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands
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736:Office of the Governor (May 4, 2020).
595:Northern Mariana Islands Supreme Court
593:. The district court certified to the
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844:"DOI Office of Insular Affairs (OIA)"
784:
557:Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal
644:Manglona v. Civil Service Commission
881:Edsall, Thomas (November 8, 2004).
688:In 2005, Tenorio again entered the
471:Ties to Tom DeLay and Jack Abramoff
13:
799:. October 19, 2009. Archived from
14:
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1534:Northern Mariana Islands Senators
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978:Smith, R. Jeffrey (May 4, 2005).
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1090:. Net.saipan.com. Archived from
797:"National Governors Association"
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942:"DeLay's Lavish Island Getaway"
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767:"'Froilan 'Lang' Tenorio, 80'"
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1220:U.S. House of Representatives
940:Ross, Brian (April 6, 2005).
889:. p. A23. Archived from
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1196:https://www.pncguam.com/sai/
921:. Unheardnomore.blogspot.com
656:Tax rebate account shortfall
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7:
1519:Marquette University alumni
907:. Fox News. March 29, 2005.
765:Maurin, Iva (May 6, 2020).
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354:Territorial College of Guam
352:Tenorio graduated from the
313:Froilan Cruz "Lang" Tenorio
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583:United States Constitution
477:Jack Abramoff CNMI scandal
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258:(before 1999, 2002–2009)
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402:funds to pay for it.
229:South Pacific Mandate
1094:on February 24, 2012
850:on February 29, 2012
705:Speaker of the House
701:anti-poverty program
370:Marquette University
294:Marquette University
206:Froilan Cruz Tenorio
1172:"CNMI Constitution"
1124:on January 30, 2021
1021:on October 12, 2007
984:The Washington Post
803:on October 19, 2009
424:U.S. Representative
1524:People from Saipan
1334:Political offices
1158:"mvarietynews.com"
1144:"mvarietynews.com"
893:on April 24, 2019.
690:gubernatorial race
629:qualified immunity
614:Sablan v. Manglona
458:, former governor
358:associate's degree
290:University of Guam
113:Arnold I. Palacios
1471:
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1356:Succeeded by
1322:Succeeded by
1289:Succeeded by
1261:Carlos S. Camacho
1243:Succeeded by
1229:Edward Pangelinan
871:, March 19, 1997.
675:Benigno R. Fitial
650:Sonoda v. Cabrera
587:freedom of speech
565:Sonoda v. Cabrera
553:Benigno R. Fitial
366:civil engineering
362:bachelor's degree
360:before earning a
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245:Fort Worth, Texas
217:September 9, 1939
156:Edward Pangelinan
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549:Pedro P. Tenorio
515:Dana Rohrabacher
460:Pedro P. Tenorio
456:Republican Party
410:, a Republican.
408:Pedro P. Tenorio
356:in 1962 with an
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240:(2020-05-04)
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168:Juan Babauta
163:Succeeded by
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120:Succeeded by
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77:Succeeded by
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1489:2020 deaths
1484:1939 births
1302:Jesse Borja
1292:Jesse Borja
591:due process
523:Mississippi
466:Controversy
273:(2013–2020)
268:(2009–2013)
263:(1999–2002)
238:May 4, 2020
151:Preceded by
108:Preceded by
65:Preceded by
58:Jesus Borja
1478:Categories
1429:P. Tenorio
1424:F. Tenorio
1414:P. Tenorio
1353:1994–1998
1309:Democratic
1268:Democratic
1240:1984–1990
723:References
625:sua sponte
623:, instead
541:labor laws
343:Background
271:Republican
256:Democratic
213:1939-09-09
54:Lieutenant
637:freedoms.
521:tribe in
499:Tom DeLay
427:Tom DeLay
372:in 1967.
348:Education
339:in 2009.
286:Education
184:In office
141:In office
98:In office
45:In office
1454:Palacios
1419:Guerrero
1328:Endorsed
1025:June 22,
946:ABC News
711:See also
513:), Rep.
397:Policies
333:Democrat
266:Covenant
1434:Babauta
1409:Camacho
1181:May 13,
1128:May 13,
828:May 13,
807:May 13,
519:Choctaw
511:Georgia
1449:Torres
1439:Fitial
1043:. vLex
776:May 7,
747:May 4,
673:, and
530:Saipan
278:Spouse
261:Reform
247:, U.S.
221:Saipan
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869:DeLay
88:14th
1444:Inos
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1183:2020
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1100:2012
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202:Born
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