1094:
1289:
552:
1148:
1379:, or humorous short story, tells of three men who prepared a fugu stew but were unsure whether it was safe to eat. To test the stew, they gave some to a beggar. When it did not seem to do him any harm, they ate the stew. Later, they met the beggar again and were delighted to see that he was still in good health. After that encounter, the beggar, who had hidden the stew instead of eating it, knew that it was safe and he could eat it. The three men had been fooled by the wise beggar.
1025:
5309:
5271:
5321:
993:
1272:, have also been consumed as a seafood delicacy, sometimes resulting in poisoning incidents. Japanese restaurateur Nobuyoshi Kuraoka waged a five-year legal battle with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to allow the exclusive import of the Japanese Tiger puffer into his Manhattan restaurant, with the license finally being granted to him in 1989. By 2003, only seventeen restaurants in the United States were licensed to serve fugu; fourteen in
1130:
640:
978:
829:
1112:
359:
5297:
377:
1007:
5333:
27:
971:), and only the traditional method is permitted. Non-professionals are warned against attempting the process. After one year of pickling, about 10% of the toxin is suggested to remain, and after the full three years the product is "only sold after having been checked for safety through a toxicity inspection, and other tests."
782:"Fugu Fukuji" in Tokyo was suspended from his post. The chef served fugu liver to a customer who, despite being warned of the risks, specifically asked that it be provided. The 35-year-old customer subsequently required hospital treatment for mild symptoms of tetrodotoxin paralysis, but made a full recovery.
832:
1948:
The original name of TTX was 'taricatoxin' … TTX selectively interacts with elements of the sodium channel … TTX has been isolated from the puffer fish, newts, frogs, octopuses, crabs, shellfish, and numerous other aquatic animals. The animals do not produce TTX themselves; instead, it is produced by
1178:
Most
Japanese cities have one or more fugu restaurants, perhaps in clusters because of earlier restrictions, as proximity made it easier when transporting the seafood delicacy so as to preserve its long-term freshness upon being served to potential patrons. A famous restaurant specializing in fugu is
1174:
Despite the comparatively lower consumption rate of the fish in comparison to other East Asian nations, the prevalence of fugu restaurants has experienced a significant surge across
Chinese urban areas since 2016. The fish is only sold in a processed form (without organs) with a test certificate from
736:
poisoning in Japan, some affecting multiple diners. Annually, 34–64 people were hospitalized and 0–6 died, with an average fatality rate of 6.8%. Of the 23 incidents reported in Tokyo from 1993 through 2006, only one took place in a restaurant; all others involved people catching and eating the fish.
588:
China began issuing trial permits for serving fugu to restaurants in 2003. In 2016, the
Chinese government abolished the permit system and allowed all restaurants to buy and serve farmed fish (without organs), now widely available. By 2019, such restaurants have become commonplace. China also allowed
581:
Since 1958, fugu chefs must earn a license to prepare and sell fugu to the public. This involves a two- or three-year apprenticeship. The licensing examination process consists of a written test, a fish-identification test, and a practical test, preparing and eating the fish. Only about 35 percent of
577:
Fugu prices rise in autumn and peak in winter, the best season, because they fatten to survive the cold. Live fish arrive at a restaurant, surviving in a large tank, usually prominently displayed. Prepared fugu is also often available in grocery stores, which must display official license documents.
176:
In the gastronomic domains of East Asian cuisine, fugu has emerged as a highly renowned delicacy, garnering widespread acclaim in establishing itself as one of the most celebrated dishes in
Japanese and Korean cuisine. Fugu has also been gradually emerging as a prized seafood delicacy in the Chinese
831:
837:
835:
830:
596:
in Japan has petitioned the Food Safety
Commission of Japan three times to reconsider its ban on fugu liver, stating that its farmed fugu is non-toxic. The FSCJ has rejected the proposals thrice due to "data insufficient to prove safety". NYT reported in 2008 that there is a well-known underground
1398:
have succeeded in culturing non-toxic torafugu by restricting the fish's diet. The experiment included raising over 5,000 fish between the years 2001–2004, and analyzing the toxicity of muscle, skin, gonads, livers, and other organs. The team concluded that the amount of tetrodotoxin in all those
836:
582:
the applicants pass. Small miscalculations result in failure or, in rare cases, death. Consumers believe that this training process makes it safer to eat fugu in restaurants or markets. Non-poisonous fugu can be produced by keeping the fish away from the bacteria that makes them poisonous.
1199:
that both offer the celebrated seafood delicacy. The fugu is cleaned of its most toxic parts in Japan and freeze-flown to the United States under license in clearly customized plastic containers. Fugu chefs who cook in
American restaurants are trained under the same rigorous and stringent
767:
On August 23, 2007, a doctor in
Thailand reported that unscrupulous fish sellers sold puffer meat disguised as salmon, which caused fifteen deaths over three years. About 115 people were taken to different hospitals. Fugu had been banned in Thailand five years prior to the deaths.
617:, the most common fugu, the cost is between JP¥1000–JP¥4000 (US$ 7–29) per kilogram, depending on the season and quality, as of 2022. The expense encourages chefs to slice the fish very carefully to obtain the largest possible amount of meat. A special knife, called
834:
3038:] is made are the Mikawa district of Hakusan City, the Ono and Kanaiwa districts of Kanazawa City, and Wajima City, all in Ishikawa Prefecture. none of the producers can change their method of production. "Blowfish ovaries pickled in rice bran " [
337:
of TTX was found to be 232 μg per kg body weight. Tetrodotoxin levels are affected by preparation (removal of most toxic materials, treatments such as curing and pickling, see below); it is, however, reportedly not significantly affected by cooking.
304:
is uncertain. In the case of the pufferfish host, at least (see below), their insusceptibility to the poison is thought to result from cysteine asperagine amino acid substitutions in the sequence of their specific types of sodium channel proteins.
1418:
and the torafugu, has been farmed in China since 1993 under the state-owned
Tianzheng company. As of 2012, most such fish is exported to Japan and South Korea, with a small domestic luxury market that has been operating under license since 2003.
771:
In March 2008, a fisherman in the
Philippines died and members of his family became ill from pufferfish. The previous year, four people in the same town died and five others had fallen ill after eating the same variety of pufferfish.
1385:
can be made from the bodies of preserved fugu. These are occasionally seen outside of fugu restaurants, as children's toys, as folk art, or as souvenirs. Fugu skin is also made into everyday objects like wallets or waterproof boxes.
2867:
890:) of the blowfish is a highly prized food item in Japan, and it is often found in department stores. Along with cod milt, it is one of the most popular kinds of soft roe, and it is often grilled and served with salt.
2647:[Pufferfish hits top list for refrigerated whole fish at e-commerce platforms; Shanghai's only fishery: business used to be better at 400 kg per day; "risking death for puffer" is a thing of the past].
254:
is still debated. As such, efforts have been made in research and aquaculture to allow farmers to produce safe fugu. Farmers now produce poison-free fugu by keeping the fish away from the bacteria – see
1479:
In
Classical Chinese and the various regional varieties of Chinese, there are nearly a dozen synonyms that refer to the toxic pufferfish, including 䲅, 𩷪鱼, 黄驹, 魺, 嗔鱼, 鲑, 鲐鱼, 鮧, 鯸鲐, 鯸鮧, 鰗鮧, 鹕夷, 芽依, 鯸䱌, and
157:
and several other countries, and only chefs who have qualified after three or more years of rigorous training are allowed to prepare the fish. Domestic preparation occasionally leads to accidental death.
700:
The symptoms of tetrodotoxin poisoning include dizziness, exhaustion, headache, nausea, or difficulty breathing. The person remains conscious but cannot speak or move. In high doses, breathing stops and
833:
1918:"Stereocontrolled total synthesis of tetrodotoxin from myo-inositol and D-glucose by three routes: aspects for constructing complex multi-functionalized cyclitols with branched-chain structures"
2864:
2761:
412:
weakened. In western regions of Japan, where the government's influence was weaker and fugu was easier to obtain, various cooking methods were developed to safely eat them. During the
1268:
Fugu chefs who cook in American restaurants are trained under the same rigorous and stringent specifications as in Japan. Pufferfish native to American waters, particularly the genus
741:, a German physician who resided in Japan in the 1690s, reported that an unusually toxic variety of puffer was sometimes sought out by individuals who wished to take their own lives.
764:(fugu liver), the sale of which was prohibited by local ordinances at the time. Bandō claimed to be able to resist the poison, but died several hours after returning to his hotel.
2889:
737:
Poisonings through amateur preparation can result from confusion between types of puffer, as well as improper methods. Some may also represent deliberate suicide attempts;
3284:
745:
2907:
775:
In February 2009, a Malaysian fisherman died and four others were hospitalised after they consumed a meal of pufferfish when they ran out of food while at sea.
2945:
3089:
3500:
2669:
330:
species infect or cohabit with the animal species from which TTX is isolated, and a bacterial biosynthetic pathway for its production has been rationalized.
3059:
280:
that has been isolated not only from pufferfish, but also octopuses, crabs, shellfish, frogs, newts, and other aquatic animals (see below). It is a potent
748:, 50% of the victims were poisoned by eating the liver, 43% from eating the ovaries, and 7% from eating the skin. One of the most famous victims was the
2931:
3011:
2502:
1223:. It is prepared in a number of ways resulting in a variety of dishes ranging from soups, raw fish and salads, all of which command a high price. Fugu
3762:
585:
Since October 2012, restaurants in Japan have been permitted to sell fugu that has been prepared and packaged by a licensed practitioner elsewhere.
3705:
2808:
2140:
In 1975, the Kabuki actor Bando Mitsugoro VIII ordered four fugu kimo in a restaurant in Kyoto, claiming he could resist the poison. He was wrong.
173:, being widely thought to be a tasty part, but it is also the most poisonous, and serving this organ in restaurants was banned in Japan in 1984.
2765:
508:
744:
Much higher figures were reported in earlier years, peaking in 1958 when 176 people died from eating fugu in a single year. According to the
562:
Strict fishing regulations are now in place to protect fugu populations from depletion. Most fugu is now harvested in the spring during the
3602:
Elgar G, Clark MS, Meek S, Smith S, Warner S, Edwards YJ, Bouchireb N, Cottage A, Yeo GS, Umrania Y, Williams G, Brenner S (October 1999).
2339:
1024:
191:
There are close to 200 species in the family Tetraodontidae (pufferfish), a family of primarily marine and estuarine fish of the order
146:, therefore necessitating meticulous preparation to eliminate poisonous components and prevent the fish meat from being contaminated.
3603:
2886:
5251:
3190:"Saxitoxin puffer fish poisoning in the United States, with the first report of Pyrodinium bahamense as the putative toxin source"
3121:"Saxitoxin puffer fish poisoning in the United States, with the first report of Pyrodinium bahamense as the putative toxin source"
2836:
2154:"Acute Oral Toxicity of Tetrodotoxin in Mice: Determination of Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) and No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL)"
3572:
1454:
1093:
3237:
2478:
2448:
3379:
2542:
732:
Between 1996 and 2006, statistics from the Tokyo Bureau of Social Welfare and Public Health indicate 20–44 annual incidents of
5200:
3755:
2995:
2968:
1790:
1577:
1518:
5173:
2340:"Three Delicacies of the Yangtze River-Recommended delicacies-Food-Fun Taizhou-Official Website of Taizhou Tourism Bureau"
795:
In March 2023, an elderly woman and her husband in Malaysia died after consuming pufferfish purchased from a fishmonger.
2204:
1366:
fugu association holds a service each year at the height of the fugu season, releasing hundreds of caught fugu into the
246:
Researchers have determined that a fugu's tetrodotoxin comes from eating other animals infested with tetrodotoxin-laden
2694:
2094:
1736:
Cheng, K. K.; Ling, Y. L.; Wang, J. C. (April 1968). "The failure of respiration in death by tetrodotoxin posioning".
223:
the muscles while the victim stays fully conscious; the poisoned victim is unable to breathe and eventually dies from
5079:
687:
2413:
2232:"Efficacy and Security of Tetrodotoxin in the Treatment of Cancer-Related Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
1854:"The Acute Toxicity of Tetrodotoxin and Tetrodotoxin–Saxitoxin Mixtures to Mice by Various Routes of Administration"
669:
5188:
4316:
3748:
3097:
753:
3493:
2786:
2714:
2666:
5368:
713:
3067:
863:. Knives with exceptionally thin blades are used for cutting fugu into translucent slices, a technique known as
3658:
665:
428:
4992:
908:. Sake infused with the smoked fin of the blowfish (fugu) to give a distinctive smoky, fishy flavour known as
250:, to which the fish develops insensitivity over time. Whether tetrodotoxin is sequestered from or produced by
3579:
1255:, the importation of fugu is legal, but only as long as it is purchased exclusively for private consumption.
479:), is the most prestigious edible species and the most poisonous. Other species are also eaten; for example,
3449:"Tetrodotoxin, an Extremely Potent Marine Neurotoxin: Distribution, Toxicity, Origin and Therapeutical Uses"
3019:
1687:"Tetrodotoxin, an Extremely Potent Marine Neurotoxin: Distribution, Toxicity, Origin and Therapeutical Uses"
792:
In December 2020, 3 people in the Philippines died, while 4 more were hospitalized after eating pufferfish.
4680:
1508:
2315:
2089:. Vol. 6 (3rd ed.). Berlin, GER: Springer Science & Business. pp. 597–645, esp. 598ff.
1535:
5358:
5168:
3511:
1504:
1147:
308:
TTX is not produced by pufferfish and the other aquatic animals from which it has been isolated. Rather,
3604:"Generation and analysis of 25 Mb of genomic DNA from the pufferfish Fugu rubripes by sequence scanning"
1129:
5363:
5287:
1806:
5373:
5274:
2152:
Abal P, Louzao MC, Antelo A, Alvarez M, Cagide E, Vilariño N, Vieytes MR, Botana LM (February 2017).
2013:
923:, in which case the fish's very light taste is hard to distinguish from the vegetables and the broth.
757:
341:
Despite its toxicity, TTX has clinical therapeutic applications, being evaluated in phase II and III
3564:
5353:
3727:
2507:
1175:
the fishery. In 2023, processed raw farmed fugu across China is sold to ordinary customers online.
1111:
650:
3262:
3188:
Landsberg JH, Hall S, Johannessen JN, White KD, Conrad SM, Abbott JP, et al. (October 2006).
3119:
Landsberg JH, Hall S, Johannessen JN, White KD, Conrad SM, Abbott JP, et al. (October 2006).
926:
Salad — If the spikes in the skin are pulled out, the skin can be eaten as part of a salad called
5383:
5378:
5195:
5178:
5020:
4488:
3341:
1460:
1006:
654:
301:
104:
2347:
5105:
2230:
Huerta, Miguel Á; de la Nava, Javier; Artacho-Cordón, Antonia; Nieto, Francisco R. (May 2023).
216:
3975:
2619:
2396:
1288:
423:
In China, the use of the pufferfish for culinary purposes was already well-established by the
388:
The inhabitants of Japan have eaten fugu for centuries. Fugu bones have been found in several
4955:
3940:
3816:
3700:
3551:
3316:
2985:
2649:
2123:
1780:
1569:
1562:
1204:, have also been consumed as a seafood delicacy, sometimes resulting in poisoning incidents.
977:
661:
228:
20:
3737:
on Nobuyoshi Kuraoka's 5-year battle with the FDA to serve Fugu at his Manhattan restaurant.
1834:
798:
In January 2024, a Brazilian man, 46, died after eating pufferfish gifted to him by friend.
345:
to be effective for treating cancer-related pain without increasing serious adverse events.
5183:
4947:
2523:
2028:
1961:
Bucciarelli, GM; Lechner, M; Fontes, A; Kats, LB; Eisthen, HL; Shaffer, HB (24 July 2021).
626:
In China, packaged farmed fugu cost CN¥330 (US$ 50) per kilogram as of February 2023.
416:(1867–1912), fugu was again banned in many areas. According to one fugu chef in Tokyo, the
3641:
2809:"Lifestyle & Culture: Michelin Restaurant Diner Hospitalized After Eating Puffer Fish"
2290:
1963:"From Poison to Promise: The Evolution of Tetrodotoxin and Its Potential as a Therapeutic"
992:
511:
provides a list that shows which species' body parts can be consumed. The list names safe
8:
4582:
4107:
3970:
3720:
3515:
3342:"Toxicity of pufferfish Takifugu rubripes cultured in netcages at sea or aquaria on land"
2883:
2813:
1807:"CDC - The Emergency Response Safety and Health Database: Biotoxin: TETRODOTOXIN - NIOSH"
1395:
1363:
1200:
specifications as in Japan. Pufferfish native to American waters, particularly the genus
960:
786:
589:
ordinary households to buy processed (organ-removed) whole fish online starting in 2017.
366:
3032:
The only places in Japan where "blowfish ovaries pickled in rice-bran paste " [
2266:
2231:
2032:
5313:
5125:
4345:
3475:
3448:
3430:
3403:
3214:
3189:
3176:
3145:
3120:
2596:
2561:
2180:
2153:
1989:
1962:
1888:
1853:
1713:
1686:
1621:
1594:
1415:
1293:
738:
551:
401:
334:
251:
236:
232:
3628:
2865:
Five men fall ill in Wakayama after eating fugu, including requested liver Mar 3, 2015
2687:
Killers of the Seas: the Dangerous Creatures that Threaten Man in an Alien Environment
1408:
1247:
Sale of fish belonging to this family (Tetraodontidae) is forbidden altogether in the
5115:
5110:
4850:
4787:
3992:
3905:
3671:
3663:
3633:
3480:
3435:
3361:
3292:
3219:
3150:
2991:
2964:
2740:
2690:
2601:
2583:
2578:
2503:"Pufferfish in China: diners lured by delicacy now country has bred them poison-free"
2468:
2438:
2271:
2253:
2185:
2090:
2044:
1994:
1973:(8). Basel, Switzerland: MDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute): 517.
1939:
1893:
1875:
1786:
1761:
1753:
1749:
1718:
1667:
1626:
1573:
1514:
934:
556:
475:
192:
62:
1646:"Interaction between voltage-gated sodium channels and the neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin"
5256:
5130:
4660:
4607:
3932:
3900:
3771:
3623:
3615:
3470:
3460:
3425:
3415:
3353:
3209:
3201:
3140:
3132:
2591:
2573:
2261:
2243:
2175:
2165:
2036:
1984:
1974:
1929:
1883:
1865:
1745:
1708:
1698:
1657:
1616:
1606:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1273:
968:
964:
417:
285:
4134:
3950:
3714:
3516:"Tetrodotoxin Poisoning Associated With Eating Puffer Fish Transported from Japan"
2543:"Delicious, but Deadly: Should Fugu Liver be Served in Japan? | In Custodia Legis"
5100:
5095:
4987:
3965:
2893:
2871:
2673:
2482:
2452:
2078:
593:
563:
449:
277:
90:
4390:
3690:
1315:
397:
5015:
4820:
3980:
3917:
3811:
3799:
3695:
2526:[First batch of legal farmed fugu "swims" to the table at FreshHippo].
2128:
1934:
1917:
1248:
1048:
1044:
938:
342:
186:
108:
4019:
3734:
3543:
3357:
2040:
1782:
Neuroscience Basics: A Guide to the Brain's Involvement in Everyday Activities
1404:
818:. Within the Chinese culinary sphere, fugu is generally prepared as a soup or
602:
5347:
4927:
4722:
4597:
4538:
4266:
4199:
4179:
3912:
3794:
3786:
3675:
3667:
3296:
3090:"Blowfish Ovaries Pickled in Rice-bran Paste: How can the poison be removed?"
2587:
2439:
Tokyo to drop fugu license ordinance amid a decline in fatal diner poisonings
2257:
1879:
1757:
1277:
824:
The fish may also be prepared using traditional Japanese culinary techniques.
779:
567:
532:
297:
130:
5067:
4835:
5301:
4922:
4830:
4802:
4744:
4675:
4624:
4483:
4330:
4219:
4002:
3868:
3637:
3484:
3439:
3365:
3223:
3154:
2605:
2275:
2189:
2085:. In Falkow, S., Rosenberg, E., Schleifer, K.-H., Stackebrandt, E. (eds.).
2048:
1998:
1979:
1943:
1897:
1870:
1722:
1671:
1630:
1367:
1215:(복어), the seafood delicacy is very popular in southern port cities such as
717:
702:
521:
424:
389:
273:
268:
227:. There is no known antidote for fugu poison. The standard treatment is to
204:
143:
119:
3740:
3420:
2170:
1765:
1662:
1645:
1611:
1370:. A similar ceremony is also held at another large market in Shimonoseki.
5337:
5325:
5087:
4902:
4870:
4825:
4792:
4766:
4732:
4602:
4450:
4236:
4174:
4162:
4097:
4064:
3804:
2946:"Brazilian man, 46, dies after eating pufferfish gifted to him by friend"
2861:
2473:
2443:
2071:
1738:
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology and Cognate Medical Sciences
1339:
1252:
1208:
571:
527:
314:
293:
240:
154:
125:
4697:
4655:
3831:
3619:
2689:(Rev. Lyons Press ed.). Guilford, Conn.: Lyons Press. p. 141.
5236:
5231:
5027:
5010:
4797:
4717:
4619:
4587:
4548:
4508:
4383:
4378:
4251:
4157:
4112:
3856:
3465:
3404:"Tetrodotoxin: chemistry, toxicity, source, distribution and detection"
3346:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics
2908:"Killer Fish: 3 People Died After Eating Pufferfish in the Philippines"
2464:
2248:
1703:
1155:
1119:
1082:
1076:
1053:
894:
721:
516:
320:
281:
4503:
3447:
Lago J, Rodríguez LP, Blanco L, Vieites JM, Cabado AG (October 2015).
2644:
1685:
Lago J, Rodríguez LP, Blanco L, Vieites JM, Cabado AG (October 2015).
408:
and its area of influence. It became common again as the power of the
5147:
5135:
5005:
4982:
4960:
4917:
4727:
4614:
4533:
4335:
4288:
4271:
4256:
4184:
4069:
4059:
4043:
4031:
3205:
3136:
3044:] is still being made using the same traditional methods as ever.
2562:"The Liver of the Aquacultured Japanese Pufferfish) (Natural Toxins)"
2528:
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (repost from: Jiefang Wang)
1448:
1297:
814:
fugu is still considered a delicacy and served across restaurants in
619:
440:
413:
220:
4395:
3836:
1399:
parts was non-toxic, and it would allow for the safe preparation of
639:
409:
149:
The restaurant preparation of fugu is strictly controlled by law in
5241:
5052:
5032:
4965:
4865:
4712:
4687:
4543:
4373:
4325:
4303:
4298:
4276:
4261:
4246:
4241:
4209:
4194:
4102:
4076:
4038:
3985:
3945:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3402:
Bane V, Lehane M, Dikshit M, O'Riordan A, Furey A (February 2014).
2229:
1443:
1220:
946:
942:
709:
614:
444:
309:
247:
224:
166:
113:
31:
4771:
4702:
4204:
4014:
3587:
2787:"Malaysian fisherman dies after eating puffer fish | TopNews"
358:
5226:
5221:
5142:
5120:
5042:
4897:
4892:
4840:
4756:
4751:
4692:
4665:
4647:
4513:
4498:
4460:
4455:
4433:
4400:
4340:
4293:
4224:
4167:
4152:
4147:
3960:
3890:
3883:
3878:
3826:
3060:"Blowfish Ovaries Pickled in Rice-bran Paste: How are they made?"
2620:"Market Conditions of Torafugu in Toyosu Market (Monthly Report)"
1382:
1351:
1225:
1103:
1071:
852:
819:
815:
162:
4761:
2012:
Venkatesh, Byrappa; Lu, Song Qing; et al. (November 2005).
1949:
bacteria such as Alteromonas sp., Vibrio sp., and Shewanella sp.
712:, and treatment consists of emptying the stomach, administering
420:
has never eaten fugu due to an unspecified "centuries old ban".
376:
5216:
5057:
4912:
4887:
4880:
4875:
4845:
4739:
4629:
4592:
4566:
4523:
4518:
4493:
4465:
4438:
4405:
4368:
4281:
4189:
3861:
3821:
2559:
1375:
1305:
1016:
749:
454:
326:
135:
26:
3401:
2932:"Second senior citizen dies of puffer fish poisoning in Johor"
724:
have been working on developing an antidote for tetrodotoxin.
5246:
5037:
5000:
4972:
4937:
4932:
4907:
4857:
4707:
4670:
4363:
4142:
4126:
4092:
3955:
3922:
3895:
3873:
3187:
3118:
2764:. INQUIRER.net, Philippine News for Filipinos. Archived from
2645:"河豚冲上电商平台冰鲜整鱼热卖榜 上海唯一养殖鱼塘：曾一天卖800斤，生意恢复中-"拼死吃河豚"是过去式了 - 周到上海"
1321:
1236:
1231:
1216:
1196:
1188:
1184:
1137:
1059:
512:
436:
381:
370:
289:
212:
208:
195:. However, only some of them are eaten and traded as "fugu".
150:
5332:
2983:
2399:(in Japanese). Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Japan.
1960:
1328:, is used for the fish. This is a play of words on the verb
5152:
5062:
5047:
4977:
4942:
4443:
4428:
4214:
4026:
4007:
3997:
3510:
3340:
Noguchi, Tamao; Arakawa, Osamu; Takatani, Tomohiro (2006).
2741:"Poisonous Puffer Fish Sold as Salmon Kills 15 in Thailand"
1411:, has become known for selling non-poisonous fugu by 2008.
1065:
905:
879:
3446:
3380:"Blowfish — China's latest seafood luxury | SeafoodSource"
2014:"Genetic Basis of Tetrodotoxin Resistance in Pufferfishes"
1684:
812:
Although not as frequently consumed as in Japan and Korea,
3238:"Japan's Fugu Is a Delicacy—but Is It Poisson or Poison?"
3040:
3034:
2124:"Whatever Doesn't Kill Some Animals Can Make Them Deadly"
2076:
2075:
species, which has been redefined in recent history, see
1852:
Finch, Sarah; Boundy, Michael; Harwood, D. (2018-10-23).
1325:
883:
555:
Official fugu preparation license of Tokyo issued by the
405:
1835:"If the Fish Liver Can't Kill, Is It Really a Delicacy?"
1564:
A Dictionary of Japanese Food: Ingredients & Culture
841:(video) Fugu in a tank in front of a restaurant in Tokyo
3656:
Vietmeyer ND (August 1984). "The Preposterous Puffer".
3012:"What are Blowfish Ovaries Pickled in Rice-Bran Paste?"
2151:
937:, ovaries are served after reducing the toxin level by
3339:
2887:
Five Hospitalized After Eating Fugu Fish March 2, 2015
1593:
Yong, Y. S.; Quek, L. S.; Lim, E. K.; Ngo, A. (2013).
5285:
3701:
Fugu eaten from the Red Sea, with no poisoning at all
3054:
3052:
2408:
2406:
2011:
1536:"Tokyo chefs swell with anger over new blowfish laws"
457:
famously remarked that the taste is worthy of death (
3601:
2977:
945:for three years, in a dish named "blowfish ovaries
789:in March 2015 after specifically asking for liver.
570:. The largest wholesale fugu market in Japan is in
169:. The liver was served as a traditional dish named
142:Fugu possesses a potentially fatal poison known as
3049:
2403:
1851:
1561:
623:, is usually stored separately from other knives.
578:Whole fish may not be sold to the general public.
404:(1603–1868) prohibited the consumption of fugu in
3586:. Queen Mary university of London. Archived from
3260:
2560:Food Safety Commission of Japan (December 2017).
1915:
760:, who in 1975 died after eating four servings of
427:as one of the "three delicacies of the Yangtze" (
292:; it acts via interaction with components of the
5345:
3264:Puffer Fish from Across the Pacific Ocean Part A
3004:
2087:The Prokaryotes (Proteobacteria: Gamma Subclass)
566:season and then farmed in floating cages in the
3730:of Manhattan's Restaurant Nippon's Fugu dishes.
3662:. Vol. 166, no. 2. pp. 260–270.
2837:"Japanese men fall ill after eating pufferfish"
2077:Mikhailov VV, Romanenko LA, Ivanova EP (2006).
1911:
1909:
1907:
959:. The dish is only made in specific regions of
509:Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan
3691:Personal Account of surviving a fugu poisoning
1592:
1333:
1313:
952:
915:Stew — Vegetables and fugu can be simmered as
869:
443:, and appears in the writings of the polymath
56:
50:
44:
3756:
2708:
2706:
2386:《河南邵氏聞見後錄》：經筵官會食資善堂，東坡盛稱河豚之美。呂元明問其味，曰：「直那一死！」
1735:
1338:), which can mean to be poisoned or shot. In
1033:, blowfish ovaries pickled in rice-bran paste
716:to bind the toxin, and putting the person on
3584:School of Biological & Chemical Sciences
2469:Fugu's risk will always be part of its charm
1904:
84:
72:
3770:
3167:Regulation (EC) 853/2004 App. III Sec. VIII
1772:
668:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
203:Fugu contains lethal amounts of the poison
3763:
3749:
3696:BBC article with video of fugu preparation
2703:
2202:
1499:
1497:
1195:being another popular restaurant chain in
785:Five men were poisoned at a restaurant in
400:that date back more than 2,300 years. The
300:of those cells. Its ability to cross the
3655:
3627:
3474:
3464:
3429:
3419:
3213:
3144:
2961:Morimoto: The New Art of Japanese Cooking
2595:
2577:
2265:
2247:
2179:
2169:
1988:
1978:
1933:
1887:
1869:
1712:
1702:
1661:
1620:
1610:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
688:Learn how and when to remove this message
2990:. Kodansha International. pp. 91–.
2958:
2952:
2806:
2712:
2684:
2678:
2662:
2660:
2540:
1916:Sato K, Akai S, Yoshimura J (May 2015).
1778:
1643:
1513:. Oxford University Press. p. 324.
1503:
1287:
851:Sashimi — The most popular dish is fugu
827:
550:
375:
357:
25:
3282:
2987:The Book of Sake: A Connoisseur's Guide
2984:Philip Harper; Haruo Matsuzaki (2006).
2638:
2636:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2203:Tsang YY, Tsang AS (January 30, 2008).
2121:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1559:
1494:
1455:One Fish, Two Fish, Blowfish, Blue Fish
1051:are prepared in various ways including
5346:
3541:
3491:
2762:"Father dies after eating puffer fish"
2117:
2115:
2113:
1832:
1546:
967:, Ono district, Kanaiwa district, and
139:, or a dish prepared from these fish.
3744:
3523:Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
2657:
2196:
1533:
1346:is more common instead of the modern
365:for sale to master fugu chefs at the
2633:
2541:Buchanan, Kelly (28 November 2016).
2487:
2414:"One Man's Fugu Is Another's Poison"
1817:
1644:Lee CH, Ruben PC (1 November 2008).
666:adding citations to reliable sources
633:
447:as well as in the encyclopedic work
161:Throughout Japan, fugu is served as
2521:
2500:
2316:"Blowfish's bad rap is killing him"
2313:
2288:
2110:
1276:, twelve of which are based within
243:and excreted by the victim's body.
13:
3494:"Survey of Tetrodotoxin Syntheses"
3394:
3285:"There's No Fooling With the Fugu"
2843:. Agence France-Presse. 2015-03-02
1342:region, the ancient pronunciation
14:
5395:
3684:
3194:Environmental Health Perspectives
3125:Environmental Health Perspectives
2905:
1595:"Pufferfish poisoning case study"
1283:
333:In animal studies with mice, the
5331:
5319:
5307:
5295:
5270:
5269:
3506:from the original on 2015-11-23.
3261:Restaurant Nippon (2014-08-30),
2579:10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2017012s
2122:Carroll SB (December 21, 2009).
1785:. Elsevier Science. p. 57.
1750:10.1113/expphysiol.1968.sp001951
1308:region of Japan, the slang word
1263:
1258:
1146:
1128:
1110:
1092:
1023:
1005:
991:
976:
778:In November 2011, a chef at two-
638:
601:scene in another Japanese town,
380:Fugu sale in a market street in
256:
215:, eyes, and skin. The poison, a
3709:at National Geographic Magazine
3372:
3333:
3309:
3276:
3254:
3230:
3181:
3170:
3161:
3112:
3082:
2938:
2924:
2899:
2877:
2855:
2829:
2800:
2779:
2754:
2733:
2612:
2553:
2534:
2515:
2457:
2431:
2389:
2380:
2371:
2362:
2332:
2307:
2282:
2223:
2145:
2055:
2005:
1954:
1845:
1799:
1164:
801:
720:until the poison has worn off.
262:
2963:. DK Publishing. p. 151.
2906:M, Austine Rain (2020-12-29).
2713:Roderick J (20 January 1975).
2642:
2397:"魚類：フグ毒 [Fugu poison]"
1922:Natural Product Communications
1729:
1678:
1637:
1586:
1568:. Tuttle Publishing. pp.
1527:
1473:
1389:
1358:whereas the latter is one for
546:
458:
432:
348:
207:in its organs, especially the
100:
1:
5201:Sushi and sashimi ingredients
3094:Digital Archives of Ishikawa
3064:Digital Archives of Ishikawa
3016:Digital Archives of Ishikawa
2368:《梦溪笔谈》：吳人嗜河豚魚，有遇毒者，往往殺人，可為深戒。
2061:For the relationship between
1487:
16:Various species of pufferfish
3321:(in Japanese). Maruha Shinko
2377:《太平廣記 》：鯸鮐魚文斑如虎，俗云煮之不熟，食者必死。
1510:The Oxford Companion to Food
1169:
727:
629:
180:
177:culinary landscape as well.
7:
3580:"The Fugu Genomics Project"
3512:Centers for Disease Control
2524:"首批合法养殖河豚鱼"游"上餐桌 "盒马鲜生"已开卖"
2083:and Related Proteobacteria"
2079:"Chapter 3.3.20. The Genus
1779:Larimore JL (25 May 2017).
1534:Coxon, Mio (3 April 2012).
1422:
1414:Blowfish, specifically the
198:
10:
5400:
3573:Sueyoshi's pages on fishes
2566:Food Safety (Tokyo, Japan)
2501:Yau, Elaine (2019-02-07).
1935:10.1177/1934578X1501000501
947:pickled in rice-bran paste
893:Fried — Fugu can be eaten
464:
353:
266:
184:
18:
5265:
5209:
5161:
5078:
4811:
4780:
4642:
4575:
4559:
4476:
4421:
4414:
4356:
4312:
4125:
4085:
4052:
3931:
3785:
3778:
3358:10.1016/j.cbd.2005.11.003
2892:October 24, 2016, at the
2715:"Japanese Actor Poisoned"
2522:Xie, Kewei (April 2017).
2041:10.1016/j.cub.2005.10.068
1334:
1314:
1242:
953:
870:
85:
73:
57:
51:
45:
3575:. Retrieved Sep 11, 2004
3544:"Toxicity, Tetrodotoxin"
3317:
3283:Cromley M (1986-05-11).
2789:. Topnews.in. 2009-02-16
2667:危険がいっぱい ふぐの素人料理 東京都福祉保健局
2508:South China Morning Post
2211:. Centre for Food Safety
2205:"Tetrodotoxin Poisoning"
1599:Case Reports in Medicine
1466:
1038:
845:
806:
754:Living National Treasure
453:. The scholar-statesman
111:, normally of the genus
3772:Japanese food and drink
3719:genome assembly in the
3492:Miller S (2004-06-02).
2896:Retrieved March 6, 2015
2874:Retrieved March 6, 2015
2672:March 13, 2008, at the
2622:(in Japanese). GD Freak
2547:The Library of Congress
1833:Onishi N (2008-05-04).
1461:Shanghai Fugu Agreement
1350:. The former is also a
1031:Fugu no ransou nukazuke
954:河豚の卵巣の糠漬け, ふぐのらんそうのぬかづけ
746:Fugu Research Institute
608:
531:genera and the related
473:, or tiger pufferfish (
105:Standard Modern Chinese
5369:Japanese cuisine terms
3559:Cite journal requires
2870:March 4, 2015, at the
2451:March 7, 2012, at the
2447:, 5 March 2012, p. 2.
1980:10.3390/toxins13080517
1871:10.3390/toxins10110423
1301:
842:
559:
385:
373:
217:sodium channel blocker
36:
5252:Customs and etiquette
3707:A Delicacy to Die For
3421:10.3390/toxins6020693
3384:www.seafoodsource.com
3177:SR 817.022.108 Art. 2
2650:Shanghai Morning Post
2481:July 8, 2012, at the
2171:10.3390/toxins9030075
1663:10.4161/chan.2.6.7429
1291:
1141:(simmered pufferfish)
840:
554:
379:
361:
29:
21:Fugu (disambiguation)
2768:on February 16, 2012
2685:Ricciuti ER (2003).
2477:, 5 July 2012, p. 3
2437:Matsutani, Minoru, "
1123:(grilled pufferfish)
758:Bandō Mitsugorō VIII
662:improve this section
286:electrical signaling
239:until the poison is
19:For other uses, see
5174:Desserts and sweets
3721:UCSC Genome Browser
3659:National Geographic
3620:10.1101/gr.9.10.960
3100:on 28 December 2014
3022:on 22 February 2017
2959:Morimoto M (2007).
2884:Wall Street Journal
2814:Wall Street Journal
2807:Koh, Yoree (2011).
2033:2005CBio...15.2069V
1612:10.1155/2013/206971
1396:Nagasaki University
1364:Tsukiji fish market
1211:, fugu is known as
961:Ishikawa Prefecture
367:Tsukiji fish market
302:blood–brain barrier
237:circulatory systems
5359:East Asian seafood
4422:Alcoholic beverage
3466:10.3390/md13106384
2948:. 31 January 2024.
2418:The New York Times
2350:on 22 January 2021
2249:10.3390/md21050316
1839:The New York Times
1813:. 9 November 2017.
1704:10.3390/md13106384
1560:Hosking R (1997).
1416:obscure pufferfish
1320:) meaning musket,
1302:
1294:Japanese amberjack
933:In the cuisine of
904:Smoked — Fugu-fin
843:
739:Engelbert Kaempfer
714:activated charcoal
708:There is no known
560:
402:Tokugawa shogunate
386:
374:
335:median lethal dose
257:§ Aquaculture
252:symbiotic bacteria
37:
5364:Fish common names
5283:
5282:
4871:Mentaiko / tarako
4788:Square watermelon
4638:
4637:
4121:
4120:
3542:Benzer T (2005).
2997:978-4-7700-2998-0
2970:978-0-7566-3123-9
2912:Nature World News
2320:Los Angeles Times
2209:Food Safety Focus
2067:Pseudoalteromonas
2027:(22): 2069–2072.
1792:978-0-12-811017-1
1579:978-0-8048-2042-4
1520:978-0-19-280681-9
1292:Fugu (right) and
1183:, in the upscale
1159:(pufferfish soup)
935:Hakusan, Ishikawa
838:
698:
697:
690:
557:Governor of Tokyo
476:Takifugu rubripes
193:Tetraodontiformes
5391:
5374:Japanese seafood
5336:
5335:
5324:
5323:
5322:
5312:
5311:
5310:
5300:
5299:
5298:
5291:
5273:
5272:
5257:Okinawan cuisine
4661:Botan Rice Candy
4419:
4418:
4349:
3783:
3782:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3742:
3741:
3726:Saveur Magazine
3679:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3640:. Archived from
3631:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3568:
3562:
3557:
3555:
3547:
3546:. Emedicine.com.
3538:
3536:
3534:
3520:
3507:
3505:
3498:
3488:
3478:
3468:
3459:(10): 6384–406.
3443:
3433:
3423:
3388:
3387:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3217:
3206:10.1289/ehp.8998
3185:
3179:
3174:
3168:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3148:
3137:10.1289/ehp.8998
3116:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3096:. Archived from
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3070:on 16 March 2016
3066:. Archived from
3056:
3047:
3046:
3029:
3027:
3018:. Archived from
3008:
3002:
3001:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2903:
2897:
2881:
2875:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2710:
2701:
2700:
2682:
2676:
2664:
2655:
2654:
2640:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2599:
2581:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2498:
2485:
2461:
2455:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2410:
2401:
2400:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2378:
2375:
2369:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2346:. Archived from
2336:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2269:
2251:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2183:
2173:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2136:
2119:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2018:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1992:
1982:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1937:
1913:
1902:
1901:
1891:
1873:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1830:
1815:
1814:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1716:
1706:
1697:(10): 6384–406.
1682:
1676:
1675:
1665:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1624:
1614:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1567:
1557:
1544:
1543:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1501:
1481:
1477:
1439:Cuisine of Korea
1434:Cuisine of Japan
1429:Cuisine of China
1403:(puffer liver).
1337:
1336:
1319:
1318:
1150:
1132:
1114:
1096:
1027:
1009:
995:
980:
958:
956:
955:
875:
873:
872:
839:
825:
813:
693:
686:
682:
679:
673:
642:
634:
539:) of the family
460:
434:
418:Emperor of Japan
284:that shuts down
102:
88:
87:
76:
75:
60:
59:
54:
53:
48:
47:
5399:
5398:
5394:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5389:
5388:
5354:Chinese seafood
5344:
5343:
5342:
5330:
5320:
5318:
5308:
5306:
5296:
5294:
5286:
5284:
5279:
5261:
5205:
5189:Soups and stews
5157:
5074:
4813:
4807:
4776:
4646:
4644:
4634:
4571:
4555:
4472:
4410:
4352:
4343:
4314:
4308:
4117:
4081:
4048:
3927:
3774:
3769:
3687:
3682:
3647:
3645:
3608:Genome Research
3593:
3591:
3578:
3560:
3558:
3549:
3548:
3532:
3530:
3518:
3503:
3496:
3397:
3395:Further reading
3392:
3391:
3378:
3377:
3373:
3338:
3334:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3301:
3299:
3289:Washington Post
3281:
3277:
3269:
3267:
3259:
3255:
3246:
3244:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3186:
3182:
3175:
3171:
3166:
3162:
3117:
3113:
3103:
3101:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3073:
3071:
3058:
3057:
3050:
3025:
3023:
3010:
3009:
3005:
2998:
2982:
2978:
2971:
2957:
2953:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2934:. 8 April 2023.
2930:
2929:
2925:
2916:
2914:
2904:
2900:
2894:Wayback Machine
2882:
2878:
2872:Wayback Machine
2860:
2856:
2846:
2844:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2820:
2818:
2805:
2801:
2792:
2790:
2785:
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2780:
2771:
2769:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2746:
2744:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2724:
2722:
2719:The Leader-Post
2711:
2704:
2697:
2683:
2679:
2674:Wayback Machine
2665:
2658:
2641:
2634:
2625:
2623:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2558:
2554:
2539:
2535:
2520:
2516:
2499:
2488:
2483:Wayback Machine
2462:
2458:
2453:Wayback Machine
2436:
2432:
2423:
2421:
2412:
2411:
2404:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2376:
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2367:
2363:
2353:
2351:
2338:
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2333:
2324:
2322:
2312:
2308:
2299:
2297:
2287:
2283:
2228:
2224:
2214:
2212:
2201:
2197:
2150:
2146:
2134:
2132:
2120:
2111:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2060:
2056:
2021:Current Biology
2016:
2010:
2006:
1959:
1955:
1914:
1905:
1850:
1846:
1831:
1818:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1793:
1777:
1773:
1734:
1730:
1683:
1679:
1642:
1638:
1591:
1587:
1580:
1558:
1547:
1532:
1528:
1521:
1502:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1484:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1425:
1409:Ōita Prefecture
1392:
1286:
1266:
1261:
1245:
1235:are popular in
1172:
1167:
1160:
1151:
1142:
1133:
1124:
1115:
1106:
1097:
1080:(raw fish) and
1041:
1034:
1028:
1019:
1010:
1001:
999:Fugu no Shirako
996:
987:
981:
965:Mikawa district
950:
867:
848:
828:
823:
811:
809:
804:
730:
694:
683:
677:
674:
659:
643:
632:
613:In the case of
611:
594:Saga Prefecture
549:
493:T. vermicularis
467:
450:Taiping Guangji
356:
351:
343:clinical trials
294:sodium channels
278:natural product
271:
265:
201:
189:
183:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5397:
5387:
5386:
5384:Tetraodontidae
5381:
5379:Korean seafood
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5341:
5340:
5328:
5316:
5304:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5266:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5213:
5211:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5203:
5198:
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5192:
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5186:
5176:
5171:
5165:
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5103:
5098:
5090:
5084:
5082:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5024:
5023:
5021:Worcestershire
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4969:
4968:
4963:
4958:
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4754:
4749:
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4730:
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4715:
4705:
4700:
4695:
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4683:
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4663:
4658:
4652:
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4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4611:
4610:
4605:
4595:
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4579:
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4569:
4563:
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4463:
4458:
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4441:
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4416:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4360:
4358:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4322:
4320:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4279:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4137:
4131:
4129:
4123:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4082:
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4079:
4074:
4073:
4072:
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4050:
4049:
4047:
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4041:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4012:
4011:
4010:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3937:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3903:
3893:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3824:
3819:
3817:Hatsuga genmai
3814:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3797:
3791:
3789:
3780:
3776:
3775:
3768:
3767:
3760:
3753:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3731:
3724:
3711:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3686:
3685:External links
3683:
3681:
3680:
3653:
3614:(10): 960–71.
3599:
3576:
3569:
3561:|journal=
3539:
3514:(1996-05-17).
3508:
3489:
3444:
3414:(2): 693–755.
3398:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3371:
3352:(1): 153–157.
3332:
3308:
3275:
3253:
3229:
3200:(10): 1502–7.
3180:
3169:
3160:
3131:(10): 1502–7.
3111:
3081:
3048:
3003:
2996:
2976:
2969:
2951:
2937:
2923:
2898:
2876:
2854:
2828:
2799:
2778:
2753:
2732:
2702:
2696:978-1585748693
2695:
2677:
2656:
2632:
2611:
2572:(4): 169–170.
2552:
2533:
2514:
2486:
2456:
2430:
2402:
2388:
2379:
2370:
2361:
2331:
2306:
2291:"Killer Foods"
2281:
2222:
2195:
2144:
2129:New York Times
2109:
2096:978-0387254968
2095:
2054:
2004:
1953:
1928:(5): 691–702.
1903:
1844:
1816:
1798:
1791:
1771:
1744:(2): 119–128.
1728:
1677:
1636:
1585:
1578:
1545:
1526:
1519:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1424:
1421:
1394:Scientists at
1391:
1388:
1285:
1284:Social aspects
1282:
1274:New York State
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1249:European Union
1244:
1241:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1152:
1145:
1143:
1134:
1127:
1125:
1116:
1109:
1107:
1098:
1091:
1045:Korean cuisine
1040:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1029:
1022:
1020:
1011:
1004:
1002:
997:
990:
988:
982:
975:
931:
930:
924:
919:, also called
913:
902:
891:
877:
855:, also called
847:
844:
808:
805:
803:
800:
729:
726:
696:
695:
646:
644:
637:
631:
628:
610:
607:
548:
545:
466:
463:
355:
352:
350:
347:
298:cell membranes
267:Main article:
264:
261:
200:
197:
187:Tetraodontidae
185:Main article:
182:
179:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5396:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5327:
5317:
5315:
5305:
5303:
5293:
5292:
5289:
5276:
5268:
5267:
5264:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5208:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5160:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5126:Sashimi bōchō
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5081:
5077:
5069:
5066:
5065:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4812:Ingredients /
4810:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4779:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4746:
4743:
4742:
4741:
4738:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4641:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4598:Canned coffee
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4574:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4558:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4475:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4452:
4449:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4420:
4417:
4413:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4355:
4347:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4311:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4135:Agedashi dōfu
4133:
4132:
4130:
4128:
4124:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4078:
4075:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4051:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4025:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4013:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3971:Muroran curry
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3951:Hiyashi chūka
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3766:
3761:
3759:
3754:
3752:
3747:
3746:
3743:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3660:
3654:
3644:on 2008-01-29
3643:
3639:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3600:
3590:on 2009-03-22
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3553:
3545:
3540:
3529:(19): 389–412
3528:
3524:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3400:
3399:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3336:
3320:
3312:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3279:
3266:
3265:
3257:
3243:
3239:
3233:
3225:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3184:
3178:
3173:
3164:
3156:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
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2999:
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2803:
2788:
2782:
2767:
2763:
2757:
2743:. Foxnews.com
2742:
2736:
2720:
2716:
2709:
2707:
2698:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2663:
2661:
2653:(in Chinese).
2652:
2651:
2646:
2639:
2637:
2621:
2615:
2607:
2603:
2598:
2593:
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2504:
2497:
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2493:
2491:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2466:
2463:Ito, Shingo (
2460:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2434:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2407:
2398:
2392:
2383:
2374:
2365:
2349:
2345:
2344:www.tztour.cn
2341:
2335:
2321:
2317:
2310:
2296:
2292:
2285:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2250:
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2199:
2191:
2187:
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2177:
2172:
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2131:
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2098:
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2068:
2064:
2058:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1912:
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1877:
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1710:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1656:(6): 407–12.
1655:
1651:
1647:
1640:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
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1331:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1307:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1281:
1279:
1278:New York City
1275:
1271:
1264:United States
1259:North America
1256:
1254:
1250:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1158:
1157:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1113:
1108:
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1101:
1095:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1063:(simmering),
1062:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1032:
1026:
1021:
1018:
1015:, pufferfish
1014:
1008:
1003:
1000:
994:
989:
986:
979:
974:
973:
972:
970:
966:
962:
948:
944:
940:
936:
929:
925:
922:
918:
914:
911:
907:
903:
900:
899:Fugu Kara-age
896:
892:
889:
885:
881:
878:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
849:
826:
821:
817:
799:
796:
793:
790:
788:
783:
781:
780:Michelin star
776:
773:
769:
765:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
742:
740:
735:
725:
723:
722:Toxicologists
719:
715:
711:
706:
704:
692:
689:
681:
678:December 2023
671:
667:
663:
657:
656:
652:
647:This section
645:
641:
636:
635:
627:
624:
622:
621:
616:
606:
604:
600:
595:
590:
586:
583:
579:
575:
573:
569:
568:Pacific Ocean
565:
558:
553:
544:
542:
538:
534:
533:porcupinefish
530:
529:
524:
523:
518:
514:
510:
506:
505:T. porphyreus
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
477:
472:
462:
456:
452:
451:
446:
442:
438:
435:), alongside
430:
426:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
390:shell middens
383:
378:
372:
368:
364:
360:
346:
344:
339:
336:
331:
329:
328:
323:
322:
317:
316:
311:
306:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
270:
260:
258:
253:
249:
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
196:
194:
188:
178:
174:
172:
168:
164:
159:
156:
152:
147:
145:
140:
138:
137:
133:of the genus
132:
131:porcupinefish
128:
127:
122:
121:
116:
115:
110:
106:
98:
97:
92:
82:
81:
70:
69:
64:
42:
34:
33:
28:
22:
5116:Nakiri bōchō
5111:Maguro bōchō
4831:Bamboo shoot
4803:Shine Muscat
4625:Pocari Sweat
4391:Honzen-ryōri
4331:Kenchin-jiru
4229:
4220:Onsen tamago
4003:Okinawa soba
3869:Hayashi rice
3715:
3706:
3657:
3646:. Retrieved
3642:the original
3611:
3607:
3592:. Retrieved
3588:the original
3583:
3552:cite journal
3531:. Retrieved
3526:
3522:
3519:(online PDF)
3456:
3453:Marine Drugs
3452:
3411:
3407:
3383:
3374:
3349:
3345:
3335:
3323:. Retrieved
3311:
3300:. Retrieved
3288:
3278:
3268:, retrieved
3263:
3256:
3245:. Retrieved
3241:
3232:
3197:
3193:
3183:
3172:
3163:
3128:
3124:
3114:
3102:. Retrieved
3098:the original
3093:
3084:
3072:. Retrieved
3068:the original
3063:
3039:
3033:
3031:
3024:. Retrieved
3020:the original
3015:
3006:
2986:
2979:
2960:
2954:
2940:
2926:
2915:. Retrieved
2911:
2901:
2879:
2857:
2845:. Retrieved
2841:The Guardian
2840:
2831:
2819:. Retrieved
2817:(December 2)
2812:
2802:
2791:. Retrieved
2781:
2770:. Retrieved
2766:the original
2756:
2745:. Retrieved
2735:
2723:. Retrieved
2721:. p. 10
2718:
2686:
2680:
2648:
2643:YU, Wenyan.
2624:. Retrieved
2614:
2569:
2565:
2555:
2546:
2536:
2527:
2517:
2506:
2472:
2459:
2442:
2433:
2422:. Retrieved
2420:. 1981-11-29
2417:
2391:
2382:
2373:
2364:
2352:. Retrieved
2348:the original
2343:
2334:
2323:. Retrieved
2319:
2314:Glionna JM.
2309:
2298:. Retrieved
2294:
2284:
2239:
2236:Marine Drugs
2235:
2225:
2213:. Retrieved
2208:
2198:
2161:
2157:
2147:
2139:
2133:. Retrieved
2127:
2100:. Retrieved
2086:
2080:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2024:
2020:
2007:
1970:
1966:
1956:
1947:
1925:
1921:
1861:
1857:
1847:
1838:
1810:
1801:
1781:
1774:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1694:
1691:Marine Drugs
1690:
1680:
1653:
1649:
1639:
1602:
1598:
1588:
1563:
1539:
1529:
1509:
1475:
1413:
1407:, a town in
1400:
1393:
1381:
1374:
1372:
1368:Sumida River
1359:
1356:good fortune
1355:
1347:
1343:
1329:
1309:
1303:
1269:
1267:
1246:
1230:
1224:
1212:
1206:
1201:
1192:
1187:district in
1180:
1177:
1173:
1165:Availability
1153:
1135:
1117:
1099:
1085:
1079:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1057:(grilling),
1052:
1042:
1030:
1012:
998:
985:fugu sashimi
984:
932:
927:
920:
916:
909:
898:
887:
864:
860:
856:
810:
802:Preparations
797:
794:
791:
784:
777:
774:
770:
766:
761:
743:
733:
731:
718:life support
707:
703:asphyxiation
699:
684:
675:
660:Please help
648:
625:
618:
612:
598:
591:
587:
584:
580:
576:
561:
540:
536:
526:
522:Lagocephalus
520:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
474:
470:
468:
448:
441:Reeve's shad
425:Song dynasty
422:
398:Jōmon period
393:
387:
362:
340:
332:
325:
319:
313:
307:
274:Tetrodotoxin
272:
269:Tetrodotoxin
263:Tetrodotoxin
245:
225:asphyxiation
205:tetrodotoxin
202:
190:
175:
170:
160:
148:
144:tetrodotoxin
141:
134:
124:
120:Lagocephalus
118:
112:
95:
94:
79:
78:
67:
66:
40:
38:
30:
5314:South Korea
5131:Usuba bōchō
5088:Rice cooker
4903:Katsuobushi
4793:Yubari King
4767:Warabimochi
4733:Zunda-mochi
4560:Soft drinks
4530:Herbal tea
4344: [
4237:Shabu-shabu
4175:Chawanmushi
4163:Satsuma-age
4065:Okonomiyaki
3906:Sustainable
3805:Katsu curry
3735:documentary
3571:Sueyoshi´,
3533:27 February
3104:28 February
3074:28 February
3026:28 February
2862:Japan Times
2847:28 February
2821:27 February
2474:Japan Times
2444:Japan Times
2289:Farnham A.
2102:27 February
2081:Alteromonas
2072:Pseudomonas
2063:Alteromonas
1864:(11): 423.
1811:www.cdc.gov
1390:Aquaculture
1340:Shimonoseki
1253:Switzerland
1209:South Korea
882:— The soft
752:actor and "
603:Usuki, Ōita
572:Shimonoseki
547:Regulations
541:Diodontidae
528:Sphoeroides
485:T. pardalis
396:, from the
349:Consumption
315:Alteromonas
276:(TTX) is a
241:metabolized
233:respiratory
126:Sphoeroides
5348:Categories
5237:Tokusanhin
5232:Teppanyaki
5169:Condiments
5096:Deba bōchō
5068:Yuzu koshō
5028:Sesame oil
4952:Mushrooms
4928:Mayonnaise
4851:Sakurajima
4836:Beni shōga
4814:condiments
4798:Ruby Roman
4718:Goheimochi
4620:Oronamin C
4588:C.C. Lemon
4384:Wappameshi
4379:Makunouchi
4252:Tamagoyaki
4158:Kushikatsu
4108:Milk bread
3976:Tantan-men
3857:Tenshindon
3733:Subtitled
3648:2008-01-14
3594:2006-04-11
3302:2018-08-02
3270:2018-08-02
3247:2018-08-02
3242:PEOPLE.com
2917:2021-11-16
2793:2012-06-28
2772:2013-09-11
2747:2013-09-11
2626:2013-03-27
2465:Jiji Press
2424:2010-05-03
2354:17 January
2325:2021-07-04
2300:2009-05-20
2242:(5): 316.
2135:2009-12-24
1605:: 206971.
1505:Davidson A
1488:References
1270:Spheroides
1202:Spheroides
1049:pufferfish
917:Fugu-chiri
895:deep fried
857:Fugu sashi
537:Harisenbon
517:pufferfish
515:including
489:Shōsaifugu
321:Shewanella
282:neurotoxin
109:pufferfish
5148:Suribachi
5136:Yanagi ba
4983:Sake kasu
4961:Matsutake
4956:Enokitake
4918:Kuromitsu
4728:Kuzumochi
4645:desserts/
4615:Lipovitan
4544:Kombu-cha
4534:Genmaicha
4484:Green tea
4415:Beverages
4336:Miso soup
4317:Shirumono
4289:Tsukudani
4272:Tsukemono
4257:Tokoroten
4230:Fugusashi
4070:Hirayachi
4060:Monjayaki
3993:Shirataki
3966:Kagoshima
3812:Glutinous
3713:View the
3676:643483454
3668:0027-9358
3325:1 October
3318:虎河豚（とらふぐ）
3297:0190-8286
2725:19 August
2588:2187-8404
2258:1660-3397
2164:(3): 75.
1880:2072-6651
1758:0033-5541
1449:Fugu Plan
1401:fugu-kimo
1360:disabled.
1298:Hiroshige
1170:East Asia
1047:, edible
1013:Fugu-nabe
983:Plate of
910:Hire-zake
871:薄造, うすづくり
865:Usuzukuri
762:fugu kimo
728:Incidents
705:follows.
649:does not
630:Treatment
620:fugu hiki
599:fugu-kimo
481:Higanfugu
414:Meiji Era
410:Shōgunate
392:, called
221:paralyzes
181:Diversity
171:fugu-kimo
77:; -魚) or
35:in a tank
5275:Category
5242:Teriyaki
5080:Utensils
5053:Umeboshi
5033:Shichimi
5016:Tonkatsu
4966:Shiitake
4913:Konnyaku
4866:Kamaboko
4713:Agemochi
4698:Konpeitō
4688:Dorayaki
4656:Amanattō
4643:Snacks /
4583:Aquarius
4576:Products
4374:Kyaraben
4357:Set menu
4326:Butajiru
4304:Yakitori
4299:Yakiniku
4277:Nukazuke
4262:Tonkatsu
4247:Sukiyaki
4242:Shiokara
4210:Nikujaga
4195:Nabemono
4139:Agemono
4103:Melonpan
4077:Takoyaki
4053:Konamono
4039:Yakisoba
4032:Yakiudon
3986:Tsukemen
3981:Tonkotsu
3946:Hiyamugi
3941:Harusame
3918:Takikomi
3852:Tekkadon
3847:Oyakodon
3842:Katsudon
3832:Chūkadon
3779:Shushoku
3638:10523524
3501:Archived
3485:26492253
3440:24566728
3366:20483246
3224:17035133
3155:17035133
2890:Archived
2868:Archived
2670:Archived
2606:32231941
2479:Archived
2449:Archived
2276:37233510
2267:10221257
2215:April 4,
2190:28245573
2049:16303569
1999:34437388
1944:26058138
1898:30360529
1723:26492253
1672:19098433
1650:Channels
1631:24368916
1507:(2006).
1444:Delicacy
1423:See also
1383:Lanterns
1221:Changwon
1193:Zuboraya
1181:Takefuku
943:pickling
921:tetchiri
787:Wakayama
710:antidote
615:torafugu
564:spawning
471:torafugu
445:Shen Kuo
363:Torafugu
312:such as
310:bacteria
248:bacteria
199:Toxicity
167:nabemono
114:Takifugu
63:Japanese
32:Takifugu
5288:Portals
5227:Omakase
5222:Kaiseki
5210:Related
5143:Shamoji
5121:Santoku
5106:Kitchen
5092:Knives
5043:Tenkasu
4898:Karashi
4893:Kanzuri
4841:Burdock
4757:Taiyaki
4752:Shiruko
4723:Kankoro
4693:Karukan
4666:Daifuku
4648:Wagashi
4608:Georgia
4549:Mugicha
4539:Sobacha
4514:Kukicha
4504:Hōjicha
4499:Gyokuro
4489:History
4461:Habushu
4456:Awamori
4434:Amazake
4401:Kaiseki
4341:Suimono
4294:Tsukune
4225:Sashimi
4168:Tempura
4153:Korokke
4148:Karaage
3961:Champon
3933:Noodles
3913:Sekihan
3901:History
3891:Omurice
3884:Tenmusu
3879:Onigiri
3827:Donmono
3476:4626696
3431:3942760
3215:1626430
3146:1626430
2597:6989194
2181:5371830
2029:Bibcode
1990:8402337
1889:6266834
1766:5185564
1714:4626696
1622:3867830
1540:Reuters
1352:homonym
1304:In the
1226:Bulgogi
1104:bulgogi
1086:(soup).
1072:Bulgogi
939:salting
928:yubiki.
888:Shirako
853:sashimi
822:whole.
820:braised
816:Beijing
670:removed
655:sources
519:of the
507:). The
499:), and
497:snyderi
465:Species
429:Chinese
394:kaizuka
384:, Japan
354:History
296:in the
259:below.
229:support
213:ovaries
163:sashimi
129:, or a
5217:Chinmi
5196:Snacks
5179:Dishes
5058:Wasabi
4997:Sauce
4993:Sansyō
4923:Kuzuko
4888:Hijiki
4881:Tobiko
4876:Surimi
4846:Daikon
4826:Aonori
4781:Fruits
4740:Senbei
4676:Chichi
4630:Yakult
4593:Calpis
4567:Ramune
4524:Sencha
4519:Matcha
4509:Kabuse
4494:Bancha
4466:Umeshu
4451:Shōchū
4439:Nigori
4406:Osechi
4396:Jūbako
4369:Ekiben
4282:Takuan
4267:Tororo
4200:Namasu
4190:Kakuni
4113:Yudane
3862:Unadon
3837:Gyūdon
3795:Chahan
3674:
3666:
3636:
3629:310822
3626:
3483:
3473:
3438:
3428:
3408:Toxins
3364:
3295:
3222:
3212:
3153:
3143:
2994:
2967:
2693:
2604:
2594:
2586:
2295:Forbes
2274:
2264:
2256:
2188:
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