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and some died too early. But many were young men from professional families, with university educations and legal training, who worked in government offices, gravitated to journalism. Their bachelorhoods or marriages were generally respectable too. In short, their
Bohemianism was essentially a sentimental, laughing, crusading camaraderie – or, at least, some of them, looking back, thought so.
338:
gang", as they called themselves, consisted frequenting cheap unconventional clubs … in having ties with a stage not yet considered respectable, and in ebullitions of irreverence and independence both in private and in print. Most of them lacked money; one or two needed soap. Some drank too much,
266:, it published satiric verse and parodies, as well as political and literary criticism, sports and travel information. These were often illustrated or accompanied by topical cartoons, often of a political nature. The more conservative and establishment-minded
377:
recalled, "In the matter of verse Tom Hood was a purist. A Cockney rhyme was to him an abomination. A false rhythm sent him crazy. It was an education, indeed, to be brought up under such a strict master". As well as
Gilbert, Hood's writers of verse included
453:. Two years later they transferred it to their nephew Gilbert Dalziel (1853–1930). After the death of Hood in 1874 the quality of the content began a slow decline. Gilbert's contributions ceased in the early 1870s, and although
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98:, and prospered into the 1870s, after which it suffered a gradual decline. It passed through various ownerships under different editors, and ceased publication in 1901, when it was absorbed into a rival comic magazine,
461:, the magazine lost a key asset without his unique combination of what Stedman calls "squibs, fillers, puns, verses, drawings, social and dramatic criticism, suggestions for double acrostics (a special
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484:, who sold it to Charles Shurey, proprietor of a rival comic paper early in 1901. It ceased publication in the same year, when it was absorbed into Shurey's
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until 1878, and then the editorship devolved to
Charles Dalziel. In 1893 the Dalziel family withdrew from the journal, and Henry T. Johnson became editor.
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889:
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was founded in 1861 by a London businessman, Charles
Maclean, who believed there was scope for a rival to the established comic weekly magazine
185:
s most successful rival and surpassed the older publication in its commentary on literature, fine arts, and theatre. The Gale site adds:
429:, whose unorthodox character and Jewish lineage made him a frequent target of attack, was praised in the magazine, particularly for his
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s upper-class readership, and by carrying a genre that was slower to catch on in
England than in France and Germany: the comic strip.
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148:
for its weekly issue of twelve pages, it sold at a third of the price of its older rival. According to the historian
Charles Barrie,
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as its titular editor, although in the early days the editing seems to have been a collective effort by Byron,
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s politics were liberal, and the staff took a warm interest in things
American, especially American humor.
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by Hood in May 1865, when Edward Wylam, a prosperous manufacturer of dog biscuits, bought the business.
399:
343:
56:
425:, it could cast satirical scorn or praise on either side of the political spectrum. For instance,
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and, most importantly for the magazine's fortunes, W. S. Gilbert, who was an unknown novice when
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366:, along with other articles, verses, illustrations and drama criticism over a ten-year period.
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was aimed at a well-educated readership interested in politics, literature and theatre. Like
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and looking to make more money, Byron founded and became editor of another humorous paper,
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between 1861 and 1871, along with a wide range of his articles, drawings and other verses.
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had lost, and was well received, reaching a circulation of 20,000 by 1865". Each issue of
8:
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274:, a longstanding contributor to the older publication, dubbed the new magazine "Funch".
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feature), absurd letters, and, of course, the Bab
Ballads, which out-laughed anything
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Hood assembled a vivacious and progressive team, who liked to think of themselves as
331:, albeit in a generally respectable way. The historian Jane Stedman describes them:
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weekly humorous magazine, first published on 21 September 1861 in competition with
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distinguished itself by appealing to the lower-middle class, as opposed to
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but the most important contributor to its success in its first decade was
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was seen as liberal in comparison with the increasingly conservative
768:
The Lucky Queen: The Eight
Assassination Attempts on Queen Victoria
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is online with zoomable page images and searchable text at
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began, but who rapidly became its most valuable asset. His
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parodied them with its own jester, Mr Fun, and his cat.
671:"Gilbert, Sir William Schwenck (1836–1911), playwright"
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still had talented writers including
Clement Scott and
605:"Byron, Henry James (1835–1884), playwright and actor"
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took a condescending view of its upstart competitor.
654:, Gale Primary Sources. Retrieved 13 September 2022
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Satirical magazines published in the United Kingdom
55:. They had many well-known contributors, including
845:University of Florida's Comics Digital Collections
810:W. S. Gilbert: A Classic Victorian and His Theatre
785:Spielmann, M. H. (31 August 1895). "The Rivals of
870:Defunct magazines published in the United Kingdom
885:Weekly magazines published in the United Kingdom
851:
637:, Bodleian Library. Retrieved 13 September 2022
445:passed in 1870 to the engravers and publishers
152:"had a young upstart liveliness, which by then
728:, vol. 30, issue: 2, pp. 1–13, 1 November 2003
282:, nevertheless made frequent efforts to lure
895:1901 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
289:s best contributors away. He succeeded with
523:Debut of one of Gilbert's Bab Ballads, 1867
449:, who had previously engraved drawings for
890:1861 establishments in the United Kingdom
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216:gang" included, clockwise from top left,
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402:and James Francis Sullivan (1852–1936).
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675:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
609:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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25:Cover of first issue, 21 September 1861
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171:According to the introduction to the
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812:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
726:Nineteenth Century Theatre and Film
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128:, London, and installed the writer
79:were almost all first published in
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47:The magazine's first editors were
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16:Defunct Victorian weekly magazine
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140:became known as "the poor man's
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652:"Fun – About this publication"
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342:Notable contributors included
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1:
875:Magazines established in 1861
362:were almost all published in
307:Encouraged by the success of
681:UK public library membership
615:UK public library membership
480:was bought by the publisher
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591:, 20 September 1893, p. 412
417:"Round table". Even though
272:William Makepeace Thackeray
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795:. Boston: Littell and Co.
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808:Stedman, Jane W. (1996).
447:George and Edward Dalziel
766:Barrie, Charles (2014).
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334:The Bohemianism of the "
656:(subscription required)
394:. Cartoonists included
752:, 19 August 1893, p. 6
535:Later front page, 1886
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160:featured a drawing of
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581:. "The Foundation of
323:Peak years: 1865–1874
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792:Littell's Living Age
770:. Stroud: Amberley.
722:"Performing Bohemia"
396:Arthur Boyd Houghton
300:s star contributor,
94:undercut its rival,
746:"Literary Gossip",
164:and his dog, Toby:
834:Waterloo Directory
702:Stedman, pp. 13−14
459:Arthur Wing Pinero
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27:
819:978-0-19-816174-5
777:978-1-4456-4369-4
720:Schoch, Richard.
693:Spielmann, p. 568
679:(subscription or
669:Stedman, Jane W.
635:"Fun, 1861–1901)"
613:(subscription or
441:The ownership of
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384:Edmund Yates
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100:Sketchy Bits
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437:Later years
431:Reform Bill
411:Savage Club
400:Matt Morgan
392:Harry Leigh
388:Jeff Prowse
360:Bab Ballads
130:H. J. Byron
111:Early years
77:Bab Ballads
49:H. J. Byron
865:Caricature
854:Categories
588:The Sketch
352:G. R. Sims
313:Comic News
276:Mark Lemon
65:G. R. Sims
801:608617909
749:The Globe
683:required)
617:required)
433:of 1867.
90:an issue
36:Victorian
427:Disraeli
329:bohemian
230:Tom Hood
162:Mr Punch
144:": at a
134:Tom Hood
75:, whose
53:Tom Hood
760:Sources
677:, 2008
611:, 2008
492:Gallery
254:Burnand
242:Gilbert
106:History
816:
799:
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511:, 1872
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248:
244:, and
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34:was a
787:Punch
543:Notes
467:Punch
451:Punch
423:Punch
415:Punch
298:'
287:'
280:Punch
268:Punch
264:Punch
226:Byron
212:"The
203:'
196:'
193:Punch
183:'
180:Punch
158:Punch
154:Punch
146:penny
142:Punch
121:Punch
96:Punch
88:penny
86:At a
41:Punch
814:ISBN
797:OCLC
772:ISBN
405:The
390:and
173:Gale
67:and
51:and
840:Fun
789:".
585:",
583:Fun
478:Fun
463:Fun
455:Fun
443:Fun
419:Fun
407:Fun
364:Fun
356:Fun
336:Fun
317:Fun
309:Fun
295:Fun
284:Fun
260:Fun
214:Fun
200:Fun
189:Fun
176:Fun
166:Fun
150:Fun
138:Fun
116:Fun
92:Fun
81:Fun
44:.
31:Fun
856::
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234:W.
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222:J.
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803:.
780:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
