3357:
3277:
3300:
3266:
1635:. This gap has been characterized as probably caused by lack of rocks, environmental events or a specific palaeogeography and extreme climates of the late Cambrian. However, a review of the literature and locations with Cambrian deposits showed that the gap is caused by the insufficient presence of Furongian deposits in sufficiently studied areas, as well as the lack of attention to
1584:–Furongian boundary (and, accordingly, the Guzhangian–Paibian boundary). This event is recorded on almost all Cambrian paleocontinents, but its exact causes are not fully understood. It is assumed that it may be associated with the Sauk megasequence, which in turn is associated with sea level changes;
2088:
1569:
age. The ensuing
Jiangshanian extinction reduced species diversity by 55.2% and was followed by an interval of relatively small fluctuations in species richness, which ended shortly after the beginning of the
1639:
of this interregnum. Later discoveries of the
Furongian deposits in South China have allowed for a better understanding of the biostratigraphy and fluctuations in species diversity of this epoch.
2445:
2076:
2213:
1493:
1422:
2160:
1960:
2646:
2010:
1507:
1400:
The base of two of three stages of the
Furongian are defined as the first appearance of a trilobite. The base of the Paibian is the first appearance of
1706:
1482:
2104:
1800:
1474:
2038:"The Lawsonian Stage - the Eoconodontus notchpeakensis FAD and HERB carbon isotope excursion define a globally correlatable terminal Cambrian stage"
2419:
2323:
2278:
2245:
2200:
2144:
1749:
1718:
1478:
2339:"Furongian (upper Cambrian) trilobites and agnostoids from the Alum Shale Formation of Bornholm, Denmark: revised taxonomy and biostratigraphy"
1700:
1676:
1486:
2214:
Josep Maria Casas, J. Brendan Murphy, Teresa
Sanchez-Garcia, Jacques de Poulpiquet, José-Javier Alvaro, A. Díez-Montes, Joan Guimerà (2023).
2163:"A contiguous record of the SPICE event, sea-level change and the first appearance of Fenghuangella laevis in Shandong Province, North China"
3341:
1688:
1543:
2161:
Guangying Ren, Mikaela A. Pulsipher, James D. Schiffbauer, Jin-Liang Yuan, Ying Guo, Chao Chang, Fanwei Meng, Yan Zhao, Jian Gao (2021).
1981:
1664:
1577:
2457:
1942:
1861:
1670:
2291:
2037:
2639:
2498:
2469:
1624:
1511:
1470:
1201:
931:
866:
2437:
1911:
3401:
2105:
Yiying Deng, Junxuan Fan, Shengchao Yang, Yukun Shi, Zhengbo Lu, Huiqing Xu, Zongyuan Sun, Fangqi Zhao, Zhangshuai Hou (2023).
1565:
extinction ended. Species diversity, which had decreased by 45%, returned to its previous level at the very beginning of the
2632:
2077:"An Aphelaspis zone (Upper Cambrian, paibian) trilobite faunule in the central conasauga River Valley, North Georgia, USA"
2369:
3334:
1956:
1790:"PROPOSED GLOBAL STANDARD STRATOTYPE-SECTION AND POINT FOR THE PAIBIAN STAGE AND FURONGIAN SERIES (UPPER CAMBRIAN)"
2006:
3425:
1025:
2216:"Does the Ollo de Sapo magmatic event support Furongian-Tremadocian mantle plume activity fringing NW Gondwana?"
1100:
2292:
David A.T. Harper, Borja
Cascales-Miñana, Yuan-Dong Zhang, Timothy Topper, Thomas Servais, Per Ahlberg (2019).
2491:
3435:
1831:"Global Standard Stratotype-Section and Point (GSSP) of the Furongian Series and Paibian Stage (Cambrian)"
1789:
3394:
3327:
2655:
1938:
1431:
920:
1619:
Researchers have been noted that the significant macroscopic soft-bodied animals that lived between the
3430:
2258:
1535:
1402:
1262:
1249:
1086:
1073:
999:
1788:
Shanchi, Peng; Babcock, Loren; Robinson, Richard; Huanling, Lin; Rees, Margaret; Saltzman, Matthew.
2484:
3440:
2928:
2923:
3387:
1241:
991:
800:
1985:
1829:
Peng, S. C.; Babcock, L. E.; Robison, R. A.; Lin, H. L.; Rees, M. N.; Saltzman, M. R. (2004).
2453:
2413:
2317:
2272:
2239:
2194:
2138:
1830:
1518:
1412:
1150:
965:
2261:"Late Cambrian (Furongian) exceptional fossils from McKay Group of British Columbia, Canada"
2174:
2118:
2058:
1845:
1651:
2465:
1906:
8:
3259:
2178:
2122:
1849:
3420:
1886:
1620:
1253:
around 497 million years ago. The upper boundary is the lower boundary and GSSP of the
780:
740:
3057:
3021:
2608:
2525:
2387:
2361:
2293:
2260:
2215:
2162:
2106:
1608:
1465:
1417:
1327:
1177:
519:
352:
3356:
3375:
3367:
3315:
3151:
3026:
2995:
2792:
2566:
2561:
2550:
2438:"GSSP of the Furongian Series and Paibian Stage in the Paibi section, Hunan, China"
2399:
2353:
2305:
2227:
2182:
2126:
2048:
1901:
1853:
1295:
1162:
698:
461:
448:
435:
2231:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3120:
3016:
2954:
2849:
2818:
2787:
2404:
2309:
2130:
1828:
1146:
955:
30:
3276:
2259:
Rudy
Lerosey-Aubril, Stacey Gibb, John Paterson, Brian D. E. Chatterton (2016).
3371:
3311:
3270:
3089:
2959:
2854:
2823:
2388:"Graptolithina from the Guole Biota (Furongian, upper Cambrian) of South China"
1439:
847:
773:
237:
2624:
1857:
3414:
3307:
2990:
2980:
2949:
2912:
2844:
2813:
2365:
2357:
2336:
2053:
1737:
1217:
1115:
1102:
1040:
1027:
748:
677:
657:
636:
596:
61:
3281:
3212:
3062:
2985:
2603:
2520:
1743:
1731:
1596:
1585:
1566:
1502:
1407:
1337:
1173:
1090:
508:
319:
2338:
1974:
1274:
The following table shows the subdivisions of the
Furongian series/epoch:
3299:
3207:
3076:
3052:
2897:
2692:
2530:
2385:
1726:
1712:
1647:
1581:
1357:
1312:
1254:
1165:
1158:
820:
616:
374:
36:
3202:
3162:
3105:
3005:
2902:
2776:
2676:
2587:
1887:"Global Stratotype Section and Point for base of the Ordovician System"
1571:
1558:
1364:
769:
744:
490:
415:
310:
81:
46:
3265:
2186:
3217:
3167:
3141:
3100:
2892:
2868:
2749:
2739:
2728:
2545:
1643:
1600:
1245:
995:
720:
423:
276:
250:
86:
3364:
3177:
3172:
3136:
3036:
2969:
2938:
2833:
2802:
2763:
2713:
2687:
2663:
2507:
2074:
1655:
1604:
1595:
From the
Furongian to the Early Ordovician, around 495-470 Ma, the
1427:
1258:
1154:
1069:
286:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
2476:
2294:"The Furongian (late Cambrian) Biodiversity Gap: Real or apparent"
3191:
3131:
2881:
2718:
2702:
2598:
2582:
2577:
1770:
1723:
1694:
1659:
1589:
1562:
1526:
1384:
1374:
1347:
1237:
1169:
1157:. It lasted from 497 to 485.4 million years ago. It succeeds the
777:
499:
481:
472:
91:
66:
2035:
3227:
3110:
2744:
1682:
1636:
1627:
were not discovered. In 2019, this time interval was named the
1302:
1094:
575:
2036:
Landing, E.; Westrop, S.R.; Adrain, J.M. (19 September 2011).
1885:
Cooper, Roger; Nowlan, Godfrey; Williams, S. H. (March 2001).
1287:
1221:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1650:
fauna have been collected from the
Furongian strata of the
1233:
2107:"No Furongian Biodiversity Gap: Evidence from South China"
1787:
1753:, were found in the Furongian sediments of South China.
2337:
Arne Thorshøj
Nielsen, Line Frigaard Andersen (2021).
1232:
The lower boundary is defined in the same way as the
1884:
1592:
in ocean waters; or the trilobite biomere turnover.
1949:
1797:
International Subcomission on Cambrian Stratigraphy
1580:(SPICE) occurred in close proximity in time to the
107:
2386:Jörg Maletz, Xuejian Zhu, Yuan-Dong Zhang (2022).
2111:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
1603:, occurred on the North-Western territory of the
16:Fourth and final epoch and series of the Cambrian
3412:
1999:
1933:
1931:
836:
2654:
1168:Stage. It is subdivided into three stages: the
2031:
2029:
2027:
1438:The Furongian can be divided into a number of
3395:
3335:
2640:
2492:
2346:Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark
1982:"GSSP for the Cambrian - Ordovician Boundary"
1928:
1557:At the beginning of the Furongian epoch, the
1211:
1205:
865:Subdivision of the Cambrian according to the
2468:. International Commission on Stratigraphy.
2418:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2322:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2277:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2244:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2199:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2143:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1824:
1822:
1820:
1420:might be defined as the first appearance of
2330:
2100:
2098:
2024:
1777:. International Commission on Stratigraphy.
1578:Steptoean positive carbon isotope excursion
1257:Stage which is the first appearance of the
3402:
3388:
3342:
3328:
2647:
2633:
2499:
2485:
2285:
2252:
2156:
2154:
872:Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago
2403:
2207:
2075:David R. Schwimmer, William M. Montante.
2052:
1905:
1817:
1625:Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event
2095:
1202:International Commission on Stratigraphy
1161:series of the Cambrian and precedes the
2151:
1200:. The present name was ratified by the
1192:, and the name replaced the older term
3413:
2265:Conference: Palaeontology Down Under 2
862:
2628:
2480:
1224:which is known as the "lotus state".
1183:
835:
3351:
3294:
1599:activity, known as the Ollo de Sapo
1188:The Furongian was also known as the
809:
789:
757:
729:
708:
687:
666:
646:
625:
605:
585:
564:
3246:= kiloannum (thousands years ago);
2506:
13:
3250:= megaannum (millions years ago);
2466:"GSSPs - The Cambrian System 2019"
1395:
1206:
14:
3452:
3254:= gigaannum (billions years ago).
2430:
1196:and equivalent to the local term
3355:
3298:
3275:
3264:
2472:from the original on 2023-07-21.
2460:from the original on 2023-10-08.
2448:from the original on 2022-05-26.
2375:from the original on 2023-10-26.
2091:from the original on 2023-05-07.
1945:from the original on 2023-10-08.
1266:around 485.4 million years ago.
34:
2379:
2068:
2013:from the original on 2023-01-24
1963:from the original on 2022-05-26
1917:from the original on 2024-03-25
1907:10.18814/epiiugs/2001/v24i1/005
1867:from the original on 2017-10-08
1806:from the original on 2015-07-25
1614:
1552:
1269:
1878:
1781:
1763:
563:
1:
2693:Pleistocene (11.7 ka–2.58 Ma)
2232:10.1080/00206814.2023.2263787
1756:
1227:
3374:. You can help Knowledge by
3363:This article related to the
3314:. You can help Knowledge by
2454:"GSSP Table - Paleozoic Era"
2405:10.1016/j.palwor.2022.03.002
2310:10.1016/j.palwor.2019.01.007
2220:International Geology Review
2131:10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111492
1939:"GSSP Table - Paleozoic Era"
1220:' in Mandarin and refers to
7:
2656:Geological history of Earth
1662:. Described gerena include
1432:Eoconodontus notchpeakensis
1410:is the first appearance of
1240:Stage. Both begin with the
863:
232:
10:
3457:
3350:
3293:
2929:Mississippian (323–359 Ma)
2924:Pennsylvanian (299–323 Ma)
2688:Holocene (present–11.7 ka)
1629:Furongian Biodiversity Gap
1178:10th stage of the Cambrian
3241:
3226:
3213:Paleoarchean (3.2–3.6 Ga)
3190:
3150:
3119:
3088:
3075:
3063:Terreneuvian (521–539 Ma)
3035:
3004:
2968:
2937:
2911:
2880:
2867:
2832:
2801:
2775:
2762:
2727:
2701:
2675:
2662:
2514:
1858:10.1080/00241160410002081
1536:Glyptagnostus reticulatus
1533:
1525:
1461:
1403:Glyptagnostus reticulatus
1356:
1321:
1294:
1263:Iapetognathus fluctivagus
1250:Glyptagnostus reticulatus
1212:
1131:
1081:
1074:Iapetognathus fluctivagus
1065:Upper boundary definition
1064:
1056:
1006:
1000:Glyptagnostus reticulatus
988:Lower boundary definition
987:
979:
971:
961:
951:
946:
938:
926:
916:
911:
903:
895:
887:
882:
858:
105:
100:
26:
21:
3208:Mesoarchean (2.8–3.2 Ga)
3053:Miaolingian (497–509 Ma)
2898:Guadalupian (260–272 Ma)
2750:Paleocene (56.0–66.0 Ma)
2740:Oligocene (23.0–33.9 Ma)
2358:10.37570/bgsd-2021-69-08
2054:10.3140/bull.geosci.1251
1145:is the fourth and final
110:
3203:Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga)
3168:Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga)
3163:Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga)
3106:Cryogenian (635–720 Ma)
2996:Llandovery (433–444 Ma)
2903:Cisuralian (272–299 Ma)
2714:Pliocene (2.59–5.33 Ma)
2442:timescalefoundation.org
2045:Bulletin of Geosciences
2007:"GSSP for Jiangshanian"
743:diversification, first
223:−485 —
213:−490 —
203:−495 —
193:−500 —
183:−505 —
173:−510 —
163:−515 —
153:−520 —
143:−525 —
133:−530 —
123:−535 —
113:−540 —
3426:Cambrian geochronology
3173:Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga)
3142:Calymmian (1.4–1.6 Ga)
3101:Ediacaran (539–635 Ma)
3048:Furongian (485–497 Ma)
2893:Lopingian (252–260 Ma)
2719:Miocene (5.33–23.0 Ma)
2267:. Adelaide, Australia.
1957:"GSSP for the Paibian"
1494:Lotagnostus americanus
1423:Lotagnostus americanus
801:Baykonurian glaciation
3178:Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga)
3137:Ectasian (1.2–1.4 Ga)
3058:Series 2 (509–521 Ma)
2745:Eocene (33.9–56.0 Ma)
1519:Agnostotes orientalis
1413:Agnostotes orientalis
3218:Eoarchean (3.6–4 Ga)
3111:Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga)
2991:Wenlock (427–433 Ma)
2981:Pridoli (419–423 Ma)
2081:Southeastern Geology
1652:Alum Shale Formation
1416:. The still unnamed
1406:and the base of the
1085:Greenpoint section,
1041:28.3895°N 109.5257°E
975:Shanchi et al., 2002
29:~497 – 485.4 ± 1.9
3436:Geochronology stubs
3273: •
3262: •
3260:Geologic time scale
3022:Middle (458–470 Ma)
2986:Ludlow (423–427 Ma)
2955:Middle (383–393 Ma)
2850:Middle (237–247 Ma)
2819:Middle (164–174 Ma)
2179:2021Letha..54..631R
2123:2023PPP...61811492D
1850:2004Letha..37..365P
1729:, including genera
1473:zone (upper part),
1132:Upper GSSP ratified
1116:49.6829°N 57.9653°W
1112: /
1082:Upper boundary GSSP
1057:Lower GSSP ratified
1037: /
1007:Lower boundary GSSP
980:Time span formality
3271:Geology portal
3132:Stenian (1–1.2 Ga)
3027:Early (470–485 Ma)
2960:Early (393–419 Ma)
2855:Early (247–252 Ma)
2824:Early (174–201 Ma)
2793:Early (100–145 Ma)
2788:Late (66.0–100 Ma)
1771:"Chart/Time Scale"
1642:8502 specimens of
1621:Cambrian Explosion
1590:euxinic conditions
1586:decrease in oxygen
1514:zone (lower part)
1508:Ellipsocephaloides
1184:History and naming
962:Stratigraphic unit
952:Chronological unit
939:Time scale(s) used
3431:Geological epochs
3383:
3382:
3323:
3322:
3288:
3287:
3186:
3185:
3152:Paleoproterozoic
3071:
3070:
3017:Late (444–458 Ma)
2950:Late (359–383 Ma)
2863:
2862:
2845:Late (201–237 Ma)
2814:Late (145–164 Ma)
2758:
2757:
2679:(present–2.58 Ma)
2667:(present–66.0 Ma)
2622:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2226:(10): 1956–1970.
2187:10.1111/let.12425
1609:Iberian Peninsula
1607:which is now the
1588:or occurrence of
1550:
1549:
1418:Cambrian Stage 10
1393:
1392:
1190:Cambrian Series 4
1139:
1138:
1121:49.6829; -57.9653
1046:28.3895; 109.5257
972:First proposed by
912:Usage information
907:Cambrian Series 4
877:
876:
854:
853:
829:
828:
808:
807:
788:
787:
756:
755:
728:
727:
707:
706:
686:
685:
665:
664:
645:
644:
624:
623:
604:
603:
584:
583:
3448:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3359:
3352:
3344:
3337:
3330:
3302:
3295:
3282:World portal
3280:
3279:
3269:
3268:
3231:
3195:
3155:
3124:
3121:Mesoproterozoic
3093:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3040:
3009:
2973:
2942:
2916:
2885:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2837:
2806:
2780:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2732:
2706:
2680:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2649:
2642:
2635:
2626:
2625:
2517:
2516:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2461:
2449:
2424:
2423:
2417:
2409:
2407:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2343:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2321:
2313:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2276:
2268:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2243:
2235:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2198:
2190:
2158:
2149:
2148:
2142:
2134:
2102:
2093:
2092:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2057:. Archived from
2056:
2042:
2033:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1984:. Archived from
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1935:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1916:
1909:
1891:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1866:
1835:
1826:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1805:
1794:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1775:stratigraphy.org
1767:
1707:Sphaerophthalmus
1483:Parakoldinioidia
1445:
1444:
1296:Lower Ordovician
1277:
1276:
1242:first appearance
1215:
1214:
1209:
1176:and the unnamed
1163:Lower Ordovician
1127:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1030:
842:
837:
815:
810:
795:
790:
763:
758:
735:
730:
714:
709:
693:
688:
672:
667:
652:
647:
631:
626:
611:
606:
591:
586:
570:
565:
524:
511:
502:
493:
484:
475:
466:
453:
440:
427:
410:
391:
368:
346:
304:
270:
243:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
108:
96:
33:
19:
18:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3349:
3348:
3291:
3289:
3284:
3274:
3263:
3255:
3237:
3229:
3222:
3193:
3182:
3153:
3146:
3122:
3115:
3091:
3090:Neoproterozoic
3080:(539 Ma–2.5 Ga)
3079:
3078:
3077:Proterozoic Eon
3067:
3038:
3031:
3007:
3000:
2971:
2964:
2940:
2933:
2914:
2907:
2883:
2871:
2870:
2859:
2835:
2828:
2804:
2797:
2778:
2766:
2765:
2754:
2730:
2723:
2704:
2697:
2678:
2666:
2665:
2658:
2653:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2592:
2571:
2555:
2510:
2508:Cambrian Period
2505:
2464:
2452:
2436:
2433:
2428:
2427:
2411:
2410:
2384:
2380:
2372:
2341:
2335:
2331:
2315:
2314:
2290:
2286:
2270:
2269:
2257:
2253:
2237:
2236:
2212:
2208:
2192:
2191:
2159:
2152:
2136:
2135:
2103:
2096:
2073:
2069:
2061:
2040:
2034:
2025:
2016:
2014:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1991:
1989:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1966:
1964:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1937:
1936:
1929:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1889:
1883:
1879:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1833:
1827:
1818:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1792:
1786:
1782:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1617:
1555:
1475:Eurekia apopsis
1457:Trilobite GSSP
1454:Trilobite zone
1440:trilobite zones
1398:
1396:Biostratigraphy
1272:
1230:
1186:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1010:Paibi section,
878:
873:
871:
850:
840:
825:
824:
813:
804:
803:
793:
784:
783:
761:
752:
751:
733:
724:
723:
712:
703:
702:
691:
682:
681:
670:
661:
660:
650:
641:
640:
629:
620:
619:
609:
600:
599:
589:
580:
579:
568:
561:
560:
556:
555:
551:
550:
546:
545:
541:
540:
536:
535:
531:
530:
526:
525:
516:
513:
512:
507:
504:
503:
498:
495:
494:
489:
486:
485:
480:
477:
476:
471:
468:
467:
458:
455:
454:
445:
442:
441:
432:
429:
428:
426:
422:
419:
418:
412:
411:
407:
405:
403:
401:
399:
396:
393:
392:
388:
386:
384:
382:
380:
378:
376:
373:
370:
369:
365:
364:
362:
360:
358:
356:
354:
351:
348:
347:
345:
344:
341:
339:
337:
335:
333:
331:
329:
327:
325:
323:
321:
318:
315:
314:
306:
305:
300:
298:
296:
294:
292:
290:
288:
284:
281:
280:
272:
271:
266:
264:
262:
260:
258:
256:
254:
252:
248:
245:
244:
239:
235:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
95:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
28:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3454:
3444:
3443:
3441:Cambrian stubs
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3407:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3360:
3347:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3303:
3286:
3285:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3199:
3197:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3159:
3157:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3128:
3126:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3097:
3095:
3083:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3044:
3042:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3013:
3011:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2977:
2975:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2946:
2944:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2920:
2918:
2913:Carboniferous
2909:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2889:
2887:
2875:
2865:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2841:
2839:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2810:
2808:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2784:
2782:
2770:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2736:
2734:
2731:(23.0–66.0 Ma)
2725:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2708:
2705:(2.58–23.0 Ma)
2699:
2698:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2684:
2682:
2670:
2660:
2659:
2652:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2629:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2504:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2462:
2450:
2432:
2431:External links
2429:
2426:
2425:
2398:(8): 582—590.
2378:
2329:
2284:
2251:
2206:
2150:
2094:
2067:
2064:on 2023-08-29.
2023:
1998:
1973:
1948:
1927:
1877:
1844:(4): 365–379.
1816:
1780:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1750:Siberiograptus
1616:
1613:
1601:magmatic event
1554:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1540:
1539:
1532:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1515:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1490:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1284:
1281:
1271:
1268:
1229:
1226:
1194:Upper Cambrian
1185:
1182:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1008:
1004:
1003:
989:
985:
984:
981:
977:
976:
973:
969:
968:
963:
959:
958:
953:
949:
948:
944:
943:
942:ICS Time Scale
940:
936:
935:
928:
927:Regional usage
924:
923:
918:
917:Celestial body
914:
913:
909:
908:
905:
904:Former name(s)
901:
900:
897:
893:
892:
889:
888:Name formality
885:
884:
880:
879:
875:
874:
860:
859:
856:
855:
852:
851:
848:Glacial period
845:
843:
833:
831:
830:
827:
826:
819:
818:
816:
806:
805:
799:
798:
796:
786:
785:
767:
766:
764:
754:
753:
739:
738:
736:
726:
725:
718:
717:
715:
705:
704:
697:
696:
694:
684:
683:
676:
675:
673:
663:
662:
656:
655:
653:
643:
642:
635:
634:
632:
622:
621:
615:
614:
612:
602:
601:
595:
594:
592:
582:
581:
574:
573:
571:
562:
558:
557:
553:
552:
548:
547:
543:
542:
538:
537:
533:
532:
528:
527:
515:
514:
506:
505:
497:
496:
488:
487:
479:
478:
470:
469:
457:
456:
444:
443:
431:
430:
421:
420:
414:
413:
395:
394:
372:
371:
350:
349:
317:
316:
308:
307:
283:
282:
274:
273:
247:
246:
234:
233:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
103:
102:
98:
97:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
35:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3453:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3405:
3400:
3398:
3393:
3391:
3386:
3385:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3366:
3361:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3345:
3340:
3338:
3333:
3331:
3326:
3325:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3310:article is a
3309:
3308:geochronology
3304:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3283:
3278:
3272:
3267:
3261:
3258:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3240:
3234:
3232:
3225:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3189:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3149:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3118:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3092:(539 Ma–1 Ga)
3087:
3084:
3082:
3074:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3034:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3003:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2936:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2910:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2869:Paleozoic Era
2866:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2831:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2800:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:(66.0–145 Ma)
2774:
2771:
2769:
2767:(66.0–252 Ma)
2761:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2726:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2700:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2661:
2657:
2650:
2645:
2643:
2638:
2636:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2502:
2497:
2495:
2490:
2488:
2483:
2482:
2479:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2421:
2415:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2382:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2325:
2319:
2311:
2307:
2304:(1–2): 4—12.
2303:
2299:
2295:
2288:
2280:
2274:
2266:
2262:
2255:
2247:
2241:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2210:
2202:
2196:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2157:
2155:
2146:
2140:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2117:(1): 111492.
2116:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2099:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2071:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1988:on 2016-03-03
1987:
1983:
1977:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1944:
1940:
1934:
1932:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1832:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1802:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1776:
1772:
1766:
1762:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1739:
1738:Dendrograptus
1734:
1733:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1719:Triangulopyge
1715:
1714:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1479:Tangshanaspis
1476:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1002:
1001:
997:
993:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
967:
964:
960:
957:
954:
950:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
922:
919:
915:
910:
906:
902:
898:
896:Name ratified
894:
890:
886:
881:
870:
869:, as of 2022.
868:
861:
857:
849:
844:
839:
838:
834:
832:
822:
817:
812:
811:
802:
797:
792:
791:
782:
779:
775:
771:
765:
760:
759:
750:
749:archaeocyatha
746:
742:
737:
732:
731:
722:
716:
711:
710:
700:
695:
690:
689:
679:
678:Sirius Passet
674:
669:
668:
659:
658:Emu Bay Shale
654:
649:
648:
638:
637:Archaeocyatha
633:
628:
627:
618:
613:
608:
607:
598:
597:Burgess Shale
593:
588:
587:
577:
572:
567:
566:
522:
521:
510:
501:
492:
483:
474:
464:
463:
451:
450:
438:
437:
425:
417:
409:
390:
367:
343:
313:
312:
303:
302:
279:
278:
269:
268:
242:
241:
109:
104:
99:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
32:
25:
20:
3376:expanding it
3362:
3316:expanding it
3305:
3290:
3256:
3192:Archean Eon
3154:(1.6–2.5 Ga)
3047:
3039:(485–539 Ma)
3008:(444–485 Ma)
2972:(419–444 Ma)
2941:(359–419 Ma)
2915:(299–359 Ma)
2884:(252–299 Ma)
2872:(252–539 Ma)
2836:(201–252 Ma)
2805:(145–201 Ma)
2764:Mesozoic Era
2664:Cenozoic Era
2604:Jiangshanian
2535:
2521:Terreneuvian
2441:
2414:cite journal
2395:
2391:
2381:
2349:
2345:
2332:
2318:cite journal
2301:
2297:
2287:
2273:cite journal
2264:
2254:
2240:cite journal
2223:
2219:
2209:
2195:cite journal
2170:
2166:
2139:cite journal
2114:
2110:
2087:(1): 31–41.
2084:
2080:
2070:
2059:the original
2044:
2015:. Retrieved
2001:
1990:. Retrieved
1986:the original
1976:
1965:. Retrieved
1951:
1919:. Retrieved
1900:(1): 19–28.
1897:
1893:
1880:
1869:. Retrieved
1841:
1837:
1808:. Retrieved
1796:
1783:
1774:
1765:
1748:
1744:Callograptus
1742:
1736:
1732:Rhabdopleura
1730:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1701:Protopeltura
1699:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1677:Leptoplastus
1675:
1669:
1663:
1641:
1632:
1628:
1618:
1615:Paleontology
1597:mantle plume
1594:
1576:
1567:Jiangshanian
1556:
1553:Major events
1534:
1517:
1503:Jiangshanian
1497:(undecided)
1492:
1487:Symphysurina
1437:
1430:
1421:
1411:
1408:Jiangshanian
1401:
1399:
1338:Jiangshanian
1273:
1270:Subdivisions
1261:
1248:
1231:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1174:Jiangshanian
1142:
1140:
1091:Newfoundland
1072:
998:
864:
518:
509:Jiangshanian
460:
447:
434:
397:
309:
285:
275:
249:
236:
3228:Hadean Eon
3006:Ordovician
2777:Cretaceous
2677:Quaternary
2531:Miaolingian
2392:Palaeoworld
2352:: 123–213.
2298:Palaeoworld
2173:(5): 1—12.
2047:: 621–640.
1727:graptolites
1713:Lotagnostus
1582:Miaolingian
1358:Miaolingian
1313:Tremadocian
1255:Tremadocian
1166:Tremadocian
1159:Miaolingian
1119: /
1087:Green Point
1068:FAD of the
1044: /
1032:109°31′33″E
821:Dresbachian
770:halkieriids
745:brachiopods
617:Kaili biota
3415:Categories
3230:(4–4.6 Ga)
3194:(2.5–4 Ga)
3123:(1–1.6 Ga)
2729:Paleogene
2588:Guzhangian
2017:2024-04-14
1992:2024-04-14
1967:2024-04-14
1921:2024-04-14
1871:2024-04-14
1810:2024-04-14
1757:References
1689:Parabolina
1631:by Harper
1572:Ordovician
1559:Guzhangian
1544:Aphelaspis
1462:Furongian
1365:Guzhangian
1322:Furongian
1228:Definition
1143:Furongian
1107:57°57′55″W
1104:49°40′58″N
1029:28°23′22″N
947:Definition
823:extinction
721:Trilobites
699:Chengjiang
639:extinction
491:Guzhangian
101:Chronology
3421:Furongian
3257:See also:
3037:Cambrian
2970:Silurian
2939:Devonian
2834:Triassic
2803:Jurassic
2546:Fortunian
2536:Furongian
2366:2245-7070
1665:Ctenopyge
1648:agnostoid
1644:trilobite
1246:trilobite
1216:) means '
1204:in 2003.
996:Trilobite
883:Etymology
424:Fortunian
277:Ediacaran
22:Furongian
3365:Cambrian
2882:Permian
2703:Neogene
2609:Stage 10
2526:Series 2
2470:Archived
2458:Archived
2446:Archived
2370:Archived
2089:Archived
2011:Archived
1961:Archived
1943:Archived
1912:Archived
1894:Episodes
1862:Archived
1801:Archived
1671:Eurycare
1656:Bornholm
1623:and the
1605:Gondwana
1466:Stage 10
1428:conodont
1328:Stage 10
1259:conodont
1198:Hunanian
1155:Cambrian
1070:Conodont
930:Global (
778:hyoliths
774:mollusсs
520:Stage 10
2599:Paibian
2583:Drumian
2578:Wuliuan
2567:Stage 4
2562:Stage 3
2551:Stage 2
2175:Bibcode
2167:Lethaia
2119:Bibcode
1846:Bibcode
1838:Lethaia
1724:Benthic
1695:Peltura
1660:Denmark
1637:fossils
1563:Paibian
1527:Paibian
1448:Series
1426:or the
1385:Wuliuan
1375:Drumian
1348:Paibian
1280:Series
1244:of the
1238:Paibian
1236:of the
1170:Paibian
1153:of the
994:of the
841:
814:←
794:←
762:←
734:←
713:←
692:←
671:←
651:←
630:←
610:←
590:←
569:←
500:Paibian
482:Drumian
473:Wuliuan
462:Stage 4
449:Stage 3
436:Stage 2
416:Early O
228:–
218:–
208:–
198:–
188:–
178:–
168:–
158:–
148:–
138:–
128:–
118:–
3368:period
3236:
2364:
1683:Olenus
1531:? (?)
1512:Saukia
1510:zone,
1485:zone,
1481:Zone,
1477:zone,
1471:Saukia
1451:Stage
1379:504.5
1369:500.5
1332:489.5
1317:485.4
1307:477.7
1303:Floian
1283:Stage
1207:Fúróng
1151:series
1095:Canada
983:Formal
966:Series
891:Formal
846:Major
768:First
747:&
719:First
576:Orsten
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
3370:is a
3306:This
2373:(PDF)
2342:(PDF)
2062:(PDF)
2041:(PDF)
1915:(PDF)
1890:(PDF)
1865:(PDF)
1834:(PDF)
1804:(PDF)
1793:(PDF)
1633:et al
1546:Zone
1489:zone
1286:Age (
1222:Hunan
1218:lotus
1147:epoch
1020:China
1016:Hunan
1012:Paibi
956:Epoch
921:Earth
701:biota
680:biota
578:Fauna
3372:stub
3312:stub
2420:link
2362:ISSN
2324:link
2279:link
2246:link
2201:link
2145:link
1747:and
1716:and
1389:509
1352:497
1342:494
1234:GSSP
1149:and
1141:The
1135:2000
1060:2003
899:2003
37:PreꞒ
2400:doi
2354:doi
2306:doi
2228:doi
2183:doi
2127:doi
2115:618
2049:doi
1902:doi
1854:doi
1654:of
992:FAD
932:ICS
867:ICS
781:SSF
741:SSF
3417::
3252:Ga
3248:Ma
3244:ka
2456:.
2444:.
2440:.
2416:}}
2412:{{
2396:31
2394:.
2390:.
2368:.
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2224:66
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2097:^
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1959:.
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1930:^
1910:.
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1819:^
1799:.
1795:.
1773:.
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1735:,
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1692:,
1686:,
1680:,
1674:,
1668:,
1658:,
1611:.
1574:.
1442::
1435:.
1290:)
1288:Ma
1213:芙蓉
1180:.
1172:,
1093:,
1089:,
1018:,
1014:,
776:,
772:,
408:g.
389:g.
87:Pg
31:Ma
3403:e
3396:t
3389:v
3378:.
3343:e
3336:t
3329:v
3318:.
2648:e
2641:t
2634:v
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2177::
2147:)
2133:.
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2051::
2020:.
1995:.
1970:.
1924:.
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1856::
1848::
1813:.
1646:-
1561:–
1210:(
1077:.
934:)
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446:"
439:"
433:"
406:n
404:o
402:r
400:u
398:F
387:n
385:i
383:l
381:o
379:a
377:i
375:M
366:2
363:s
361:e
359:i
357:r
355:e
353:S
342:n
340:a
338:i
336:v
334:u
332:e
330:n
328:e
326:r
324:r
322:e
320:T
311:O
301:n
299:a
297:i
295:r
293:b
291:m
289:a
287:C
267:c
265:i
263:o
261:z
259:o
257:e
255:l
253:a
251:P
240:♇
238:N
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:Ꞓ
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