271:
104:
933:
117:
445:
326:
Thirteen superfamilies are presently recognised, based on taxa (families) included in the three superfamilies given in the
Treatise. Three are based on families in the Parathuramminacea, 1964, and nine families in the Endothyracea, 1964. The Fusulinacea remains the same in both sources (Treatise 1964
768:
Leppig, Ursula; Forke, Holger C.; Montenari, Michael; Fohrer, Beate (2005). "A three- and two-dimensional documentation of structural elements in schwagerinids (superfamily
Fusulinoidea) exemplified by silicified material from the Upper Carboniferous of the Carnic Alps (Austria/Italy): a comparison
391:
Later species of fusulinids grew to much larger size, with some forms reaching 5 cm in length; reportedly, some specimens reach up to 14 cm in length, making them among the largest foraminifera extant or extinct. Fusulinids are the earliest lineage of foraminifera thought to have evolved
348:
revealed that this supposed structure actually represented tests that had been extensively modified by diagenetic processes. Instead, living fusulinids had low-magnesium hyaline tests with spherical nanograins up to 100 nm across, similar to the tests of the
343:
Traditionally, fusulinid tests were considered to have been composed of very small, tightly-packed calcite crystals with no preferred orientation—a so-called microgranular structure. However. a 2017 study using
419:
The term "fusulinid" applies to any of the
Fusulinida. The Fusulinida are fusulinids (sensu lato). However, the term "fusulinid" is often applied just to the fusiform Fusulinacea and not to the entire order.
330:
The term fusulinata has traditionally been used to refer to all palaeozoic foraminifera with multi-chambered tests. However, recent studies based on test microstructure have suggested that fusulinids may be
360:
A 2021 study further examined test microstructure and suggested instead that the forams examined in the 2017 study were not true fusulinids, but rather considered them their own group containing
388:. The earliest of these were microscopic, planispirally coiled, and evolute; later forms evolved a diversity of shapes including lenticular, globular, and elongated rice-shaped forms.
841:
432:
for determining ages and correlating Upper
Mississippian to Permian strata. In some places fusulinaceans may be so abundant as to be a significant component of
886:
Stevens, Calvin H. (September 1995). "A Giant
Permian Fusulinid from East-Central Alaska with Comparisons of All Giant Fusulinids in Western North America".
245:
1988:
1907:
1890:
1713:
253:
1993:
1902:
1896:
1703:
1474:
1349:
1191:
368:
261:
213:
2157:
1977:
1442:
1243:
217:
1936:
1846:
1799:
1708:
1359:
1354:
1135:
366:
and relatives. These authors considers that true fusulinids did in fact have microgranular tests. A third group consisting of forms related to
257:
221:
1196:
298:
calcite. Like all forams, they were single-celled organisms. In advanced forms the test wall was differentiated into two or more layers.
1238:
1140:
362:
1746:
1462:
1457:
671:
Saraswati, Pratul Kumar; Srinivasan, M. S. (2016), Saraswati, Pratul Kumar; Srinivasan, M.S. (eds.), "Calcareous-Walled
Microfossils",
2131:
274:
Fusulinid limestone, Upper
Pennsylvanian; Elk County, Kansas. Field of view is 3.9 cm wide. Link at source to view of entire slab.
453:
353:. These factors combined with overall shape of the test led these authors to suggest classification of the fusulinids with the
820:
812:
688:
648:
621:
408:
315:
2244:
968:
838:
2196:
1002:
380:
The fusulinids are among the earliest calcareous-walled foraminifera; they appear in the fossil record during the
997:
2249:
1081:
1071:
1054:
802:
303:
103:
2229:
345:
270:
2234:
853:"A Shift in the Long-Term Mode of Foraminiferan Size Evolution Caused by the End-Permian Mass Extinction"
703:
Tappan, Helen; Loeblich, Alfred R. (1988). "Foraminiferal
Evolution, Diversification, and Extinction".
116:
318:. While the latter is true, a more supported projected timespan is from the Mid-Carboniferous period.
2201:
1086:
335:
and consist of at least three distinct lineages, and as such are in need of systematic revision.
2188:
372:
was also found to have a distinct test microstructure, and was suggested to be a third lineage.
2058:
961:
932:
2239:
2183:
2175:
1049:
798:
638:
299:
2162:
2118:
2096:
895:
556:
489:
476:
Dubicka, Zofia; Gajewska, Maria; Kozłowski, Wojciech; Mikhalevich, Valeria (29 June 2021).
8:
2224:
899:
852:
560:
545:"Unlocking the biomineralization style and affinity of Paleozoic fusulinid foraminifera"
493:
407:. The group then gradually declined in diversity until finally going extinct during the
1066:
1044:
1032:
1007:
919:
911:
786:
720:
587:
544:
520:
477:
111:
2170:
2105:
2040:
1417:
1313:
1076:
1039:
1027:
1017:
954:
923:
874:
869:
816:
790:
712:
684:
644:
617:
592:
574:
525:
507:
291:
2110:
2024:
1841:
1620:
1377:
991:
903:
864:
778:
676:
582:
564:
515:
497:
381:
249:
2028:
1565:
845:
806:
611:
283:
680:
1983:
1794:
1698:
1427:
1303:
1163:
1119:
1022:
569:
307:
241:
237:
154:
141:
907:
782:
2218:
2081:
1884:
1856:
1672:
1469:
1369:
1183:
1168:
716:
578:
511:
404:
354:
311:
295:
233:
184:
61:
502:
2007:
1925:
1864:
1836:
1817:
1806:
1788:
1779:
1769:
1605:
1570:
1557:
1547:
1452:
1437:
1432:
1422:
1404:
1290:
1280:
1215:
1158:
1150:
878:
596:
529:
429:
287:
225:
174:
946:
2144:
2090:
1879:
1874:
1741:
1736:
1723:
1615:
1575:
1173:
229:
36:
2136:
2016:
1942:
1731:
1690:
1680:
1662:
1610:
1585:
1580:
1412:
1382:
1336:
1318:
1308:
915:
724:
396:
81:
46:
2149:
478:"Test structure in some pioneer multichambered Paleozoic foraminifera"
1869:
1831:
1534:
1344:
1261:
738:
433:
350:
332:
128:
86:
2052:
444:
400:
2075:
2036:
2032:
1930:
1542:
1517:
1253:
1108:
1061:
977:
613:
475:
385:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
2123:
2020:
1646:
940:
164:
91:
66:
808:
Protista 2: Sarcodina
Chiefly "Thecamoebians" and Foraminiferida
395:
Fossils of fusulinids have been found on all continents except
815:. Vol. C (5th ed.). Geological Society of America.
767:
314:, with the fusulinid foraminifera going extinct with the
543:
Dubicka, Zofia; Gorzelak, Przemysław (9 November 2017).
851:
Payne, Jonathan; Jost, Adam; Wang, Steve (March 2013).
675:, Springer International Publishing, pp. 81–119,
428:
Members, especially of the Fusulinacea, are excellent
294:
are traditionally considered to have been composed of
939:
sp. cross-section; Plattsmouth Chert; Red Oak, Iowa;
670:
399:; they reached their greatest diversity during the
2216:
542:
482:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1289:
1118:
797:
702:
673:Micropaleontology: Principles and Applications
962:
850:
831:Foraminiferal genera and their classification
1767:
1368:
829:Alfred R. Loeblich Jr., Helen Tappan, 1988:
1403:
1278:
1213:
976:
643:. University of Chicago Press. p. 73.
1660:
969:
955:
448:Cutaway view of a representative fusulinid
102:
1335:
868:
586:
568:
519:
501:
392:symbiosis with photosynthetic organisms.
1105:
931:
769:with verbeekinoideans and alveolinids".
636:
443:
269:
18:Extinct order of single-celled organisms
1515:
1224:
885:
640:The Biology of Reefs and Reef Organisms
454:List of prehistoric foraminifera genera
375:
2217:
637:Goldberg, Walter M. (4 October 2013).
609:
2057:
2056:
950:
813:Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology
471:
469:
338:
13:
760:
14:
2261:
696:
664:
466:
316:Permian–Triassic extinction event
32:Lower Pennsylvanian–Upper Permian
870:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01807.x
327:and Loeblich and Tappan, 1988).
115:
34:
409:Permo-Triassic extinction event
306:, 1988, gives a range from the
731:
630:
610:Wagner, Robert Herman (1983).
603:
536:
423:
414:
1:
459:
346:scanning electron microscopy
7:
805:(1964). Moore, R.C. (ed.).
681:10.1007/978-3-319-14574-7_6
439:
321:
10:
2266:
2245:Silurian first appearances
570:10.1038/s41598-017-15666-1
2065:
2002:
1967:
1916:
1855:
1816:
1778:
1763:
1722:
1689:
1671:
1656:
1643:
1639:
1598:
1556:
1533:
1526:
1511:
1399:
1331:
1299:
1274:
1252:
1231:
1209:
1182:
1149:
1128:
1101:
985:
908:10.1017/S0022336000035484
835:Geological Survey of Iran
783:10.1007/s10347-005-0014-4
211:
206:
112:Scientific classification
110:
101:
25:
739:"Fusulinids | GeoKansas"
888:Journal of Paleontology
705:Journal of Paleontology
503:10.1073/pnas.2100656118
944:
833:, E-Book published by
449:
275:
2250:Lopingian extinctions
2184:Paleobiology Database
935:
844:23 March 2012 at the
447:
273:
616:. IGME. p. 88.
376:Evolutionary history
2230:Foraminifera orders
2015:organization type:
900:1995JPal...69..805S
799:Loeblich, Alfred R.
561:2017NatSR...715218D
494:2021PNAS..11800656D
384:epoch of the early
246:Palaeotextulariacea
2235:Carboniferous life
1649:
1645:
945:
549:Scientific Reports
450:
276:
2212:
2211:
2171:Open Tree of Life
2059:Taxon identifiers
2050:
2049:
2033:heliozoan amoebae
2025:amoeboflagellates
1989:Labyrinthomyxidae
1963:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1908:Globigerinitoidea
1759:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1594:
1593:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1418:Phaeogymnocellida
1395:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1327:
1326:
1314:Paracercomonadida
1270:
1269:
1205:
1204:
822:978-0-8137-3003-5
690:978-3-319-14574-7
650:978-0-226-92537-0
623:978-84-300-9949-8
268:
267:
2257:
2205:
2204:
2192:
2191:
2179:
2178:
2166:
2165:
2153:
2152:
2140:
2139:
2127:
2126:
2114:
2113:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2054:
2053:
1842:Silicoloculinida
1776:
1775:
1772:
1765:
1764:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1641:
1640:
1621:Plasmodiophorida
1531:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1513:
1512:
1401:
1400:
1378:Thaumatomonadida
1366:
1365:
1333:
1332:
1297:
1296:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1276:
1275:
1229:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1211:
1210:
1126:
1125:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1103:
1102:
1014:
994:
971:
964:
957:
948:
947:
927:
882:
872:
826:
794:
777:(1–4): 541–553.
754:
753:
751:
749:
743:geokansas.ku.edu
735:
729:
728:
700:
694:
693:
668:
662:
661:
659:
657:
634:
628:
627:
607:
601:
600:
590:
572:
540:
534:
533:
523:
505:
473:
339:Test composition
250:Parathuraminacea
199:
188:
120:
119:
106:
96:
33:
29:Temporal range:
23:
22:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2200:
2195:
2187:
2182:
2174:
2169:
2161:
2156:
2148:
2143:
2135:
2130:
2122:
2117:
2109:
2104:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2061:
2051:
2046:
2029:testate amoebae
1998:
1947:
1912:
1891:Globotruncanida
1851:
1812:
1768:
1751:
1718:
1714:Symphyacanthida
1685:
1661:
1644:
1627:
1590:
1566:Claustrosporida
1552:
1516:
1479:
1387:
1364:
1323:
1279:
1266:
1248:
1214:
1201:
1178:
1145:
1106:
1097:
1096:
1012:
990:
981:
975:
930:
846:Wayback Machine
823:
763:
761:Further reading
758:
757:
747:
745:
737:
736:
732:
701:
697:
691:
669:
665:
655:
653:
651:
635:
631:
624:
608:
604:
541:
537:
474:
467:
462:
442:
426:
417:
378:
341:
324:
260:
256:
254:Ptychocladiacea
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
197:
186:
114:
97:
95:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
31:
30:
27:
19:
12:
11:
5:
2263:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2193:
2180:
2167:
2154:
2141:
2128:
2115:
2102:
2087:
2071:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2037:sporozoan-like
2013:
2010:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1994:Rhizoplasmidae
1991:
1986:
1984:Gymnosphaerida
1981:
1973:
1971:
1969:Incertae sedis
1965:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1933:
1928:
1922:
1920:
1918:Incertae sedis
1914:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1903:Guembelitriida
1899:
1897:Heterohelicida
1893:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1861:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1822:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1803:
1797:
1795:Xenophyophorea
1792:
1785:
1783:
1773:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1728:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1704:Chaunocanthida
1701:
1699:Arthracanthida
1695:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1677:
1675:
1666:
1651:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1608:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1562:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1539:
1537:
1528:
1521:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1475:Ventricleftida
1472:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1428:Phaeosphaerida
1425:
1420:
1409:
1407:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1374:
1372:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1350:Spongomonadida
1347:
1341:
1339:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1304:Glissomonadida
1300:
1294:
1284:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1258:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1235:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1192:Chlorarachnida
1188:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1164:Desmothoracida
1161:
1155:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1130:
1123:
1120:Reticulofilosa
1113:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1087:Mesomycetozoea
1084:
1079:
1069:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1023:Diaphoretickes
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
987:
986:
983:
982:
980:classification
974:
973:
966:
959:
951:
929:
928:
894:(5): 805–812.
883:
863:(3): 816–827.
848:
827:
821:
795:
764:
762:
759:
756:
755:
730:
711:(5): 695–714.
695:
689:
663:
649:
629:
622:
602:
535:
464:
463:
461:
458:
457:
456:
441:
438:
425:
422:
416:
413:
377:
374:
369:Semitextularia
340:
337:
323:
320:
308:Lower Silurian
282:is an extinct
266:
265:
262:Tournayellacea
242:Nodosinellacea
238:Moravamminacea
214:Archaediscacea
209:
208:
207:Superfamilies
204:
203:
195:
191:
190:
182:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
152:
145:
144:
142:Diaphoretickes
139:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
108:
107:
99:
98:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
35:
28:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2262:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2004:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1886:
1885:Globigerinida
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1857:Globothalamea
1854:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1673:Sticholonchea
1670:
1667:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1638:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1470:Tectofilosida
1468:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1443:Phaeoconchida
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1370:Silicofilosea
1367:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1320:
1319:Cercomonadida
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1244:Metromonadida
1242:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1184:Chlorarachnea
1181:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1169:Leucodictyida
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1100:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1050:Stramenopiles
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1013:(major groups
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
993:
989:
988:
984:
979:
972:
967:
965:
960:
958:
953:
952:
949:
942:
938:
934:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
884:
880:
876:
871:
866:
862:
858:
854:
849:
847:
843:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
818:
814:
810:
809:
804:
803:Tappan, Helen
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
766:
765:
744:
740:
734:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
699:
692:
686:
682:
678:
674:
667:
652:
646:
642:
641:
633:
625:
619:
615:
614:
606:
598:
594:
589:
584:
580:
576:
571:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
539:
531:
527:
522:
517:
513:
509:
504:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
472:
470:
465:
455:
452:
451:
446:
437:
435:
431:
430:index fossils
421:
412:
410:
406:
405:Carboniferous
403:epoch of the
402:
398:
393:
389:
387:
383:
373:
371:
370:
365:
364:
358:
356:
355:Globothalamea
352:
347:
336:
334:
328:
319:
317:
313:
312:Upper Permian
309:
305:
301:
297:
296:microgranular
293:
290:in which the
289:
285:
281:
272:
264:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
234:Geinitzinacea
231:
227:
223:
219:
218:Colaniellacea
215:
210:
205:
202:
196:
193:
192:
189:
185:Globothalamea
183:
180:
179:
176:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
123:
118:
113:
109:
105:
100:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
24:
21:
16:
2240:Permian life
2066:
2008:paraphyletic
1978:Lapot gusevi
1976:
1968:
1937:Heterogromia
1935:
1926:Involutinida
1917:
1865:Textulariida
1847:Ammodiscidae
1837:Spirillinida
1826:
1818:Tubothalamea
1807:Reticulomyxa
1805:
1800:Astrorhizida
1789:Allogromiida
1780:Monothalamea
1770:Foraminifera
1724:Polycystinea
1709:Holocanthida
1606:Vampyrellida
1571:Haplosporida
1558:Ascetosporea
1548:Reticulosida
1453:Cryomonadida
1438:Phaeogromida
1433:Phaeocalpida
1423:Phaeocystida
1405:Thecofilosea
1360:Variglissida
1355:Marimonadida
1291:Sarcomonadea
1281:Ventrifilosa
1232:Metromonadea
1216:Monadofilosa
1159:Cryptofilida
1151:Granofilosea
1136:Aquavolonida
1072:Opisthokonta
936:
891:
887:
860:
856:
834:
830:
807:
774:
770:
746:. Retrieved
742:
733:
708:
704:
698:
672:
666:
654:. Retrieved
639:
632:
612:
605:
555:(1): 15218.
552:
548:
538:
485:
481:
427:
418:
394:
390:
382:Llandoverian
379:
367:
361:
359:
342:
333:polyphyletic
329:
325:
288:Foraminifera
279:
277:
258:Tetrataxacea
226:Endothyracea
222:Earlandiacea
212:
200:
175:Foraminifera
148:
135:
20:
15:
2145:iNaturalist
2091:Wikispecies
2041:fungus-like
2017:flagellates
1880:Carterinida
1875:Robertinida
1742:Spumellaria
1737:Nassellaria
1616:Phagomyxida
1599:Proteomyxia
1576:Mikrocytida
1174:Limnofilida
1129:Skiomonadea
424:Application
415:Terminology
286:within the
230:Fusulinacea
171:Subphylum:
2225:Fusulinida
2219:Categories
2097:Fusulinida
2067:Fusulinida
1943:Komokiacea
1827:Fusulinida
1732:Collodaria
1691:Acantharea
1681:Taxopodida
1663:Radiolaria
1611:Phytomyxea
1586:Paramyxida
1581:Paradinida
1413:Phaeodarea
1383:Euglyphida
1337:Imbricatea
1309:Katabiidae
1197:Minorisida
937:Triticites
656:10 January
460:References
397:Antarctica
280:Fusulinida
201:Fusulinida
26:Fusulinida
1870:Rotaliida
1832:Miliolida
1535:Gromiidea
1527:Marimyxia
1449:Eothecia
1345:Krakenida
1262:Helkesida
1239:Metopiida
1141:Tremulida
1067:Amoebozoa
1045:Alveolata
1033:Cryptista
1008:Eukaryota
924:132061868
857:Evolution
791:129848257
717:0022-3360
579:2045-2322
512:0027-8424
434:limestone
363:Nanicella
351:Rotaliida
187: (?)
129:Eukaryota
2124:10568606
2076:Wikidata
2012:†extinct
1931:Lagenida
1747:Orodaria
1543:Gromiida
1518:Endomyxa
1463:Matazida
1458:Ebriacea
1254:Helkesea
1225:Eoglissa
1109:Cercozoa
1062:Amorphea
1040:Rhizaria
1028:Hacrobia
1018:Excavata
1003:Bacteria
978:Rhizaria
879:23461330
842:Archived
837:, 2005,
597:29123221
530:34155110
440:See also
386:Silurian
322:Taxonomy
300:Loeblich
161:Phylum:
125:Domain:
2176:5584883
2137:3235825
2082:Q134577
2021:amoebae
1647:Retaria
1077:Animals
998:Archaea
941:Permian
916:1306346
896:Bibcode
725:1305391
588:5680253
557:Bibcode
521:8255957
490:Bibcode
310:to the
194:Order:
181:Class:
165:Retaria
2202:592502
2189:239725
2150:348316
1111:
1107:
1055:Plants
992:Domain
922:
914:
877:
839:Online
819:
789:
771:Facies
748:16 May
723:
715:
687:
647:
620:
595:
585:
577:
528:
518:
510:
488:(26).
401:Visean
304:Tappan
2197:WoRMS
2163:12845
2158:IRMNG
2111:7ZJHF
1082:Fungi
920:S2CID
912:JSTOR
787:S2CID
721:JSTOR
292:tests
284:order
149:Clade
136:Clade
2132:GBIF
875:PMID
817:ISBN
750:2020
713:ISSN
685:ISBN
658:2023
645:ISBN
618:ISBN
593:PMID
575:ISSN
526:PMID
508:ISSN
302:and
278:The
37:Preęž’
2119:EoL
2106:CoL
904:doi
865:doi
779:doi
677:doi
583:PMC
565:doi
516:PMC
498:doi
486:118
155:SAR
2221::
2199::
2186::
2173::
2160::
2147::
2134::
2121::
2108::
2093::
2078::
2039:;
2035:;
2031:;
2027:;
2023:;
2019:;
918:.
910:.
902:.
892:69
890:.
873:.
861:67
859:.
855:.
811:.
801:;
785:.
775:51
773:.
741:.
719:.
709:62
707:.
683:,
591:.
581:.
573:.
563:.
551:.
547:.
524:.
514:.
506:.
496:.
484:.
480:.
468:^
436:.
411:.
357:.
151::
138::
87:Pg
2043:.
2006:*
1901:â€
1895:â€
1889:â€
1825:â€
1802:*
1791:*
1782:*
1293:*
1122:*
1089:)
970:e
963:t
956:v
943:.
926:.
906::
898::
881:.
867::
825:.
793:.
781::
752:.
727:.
679::
660:.
626:.
599:.
567::
559::
553:7
532:.
500::
492::
198:â€
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:ęž’
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
