G.I. Bill - Knowledge

446:. As President Roosevelt (Democrat) signed the G.I. Bill in June 1944 he said, "I trust Congress will soon provide similar opportunities to members of the merchant marine who have risked their lives time and time again during war for the welfare of their country." Now that the youngest World War II veterans are in their 90s, efforts have been made to recognize the merchant mariners' contributions by giving some benefits to the remaining survivors. In 2007, three different bills to address this issue were introduced in Congress, of which one only passed in the House of Representatives. The Belated Thank You to the Merchant Mariners of World War II Act of 2007 establishes Merchant Mariner equality compensation payments by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs of a monthly benefit of $ 1,000 to each individual who, between December 7, 1941, and December 31, 1946, was a documented member of the U.S. Merchant Marine (including Army Transport Service and the Naval Transport Service). This bill was introduced to the House by Rep. Bob Filner (D-California) in 2007 and passed the House but not the Senate so did not become law. Another attempt to notice Merchant Marines in the G.I. Bill was the 21st Century GI Bill of Rights Act of 2007, introduced by Sen. Hillary Clinton, Entitles basic educational assistance to Armed Forces or reserves who, after September 11, 2001: (1) are deployed overseas; or (2) serve for an aggregate of at least two years or, before such period, are discharged due to a service-connected disability, hardship, or certain medical conditions. Entitles such individuals to 36 months of educational assistance. Rep. Jeff Miller (R-Florida) got the house to pass easier access to the GI Bill by "verifying honorable service as a coast-wise merchant seaman between December 7, 1941, and December 31, 1946, for purposes of eligibility for veterans' benefits under the GI Bill Improvement Act of 1977." It passed the House and went no further. 572:(MGIB) stated that active duty members had to forfeit $ 100 per month for 12 months; if they used the benefits, they received as of 2012 $ 1564 monthly as a full-time student (tiered at lower rates for less-than-full-time) for a maximum of 36 months of education benefits. This benefit could be used for both degree and certificate programs, flight training, apprenticeship/on-the-job training, and correspondence courses if the veteran was enrolled full-time. Part-time veteran students received less, but for a proportionately longer period. This meant that for every month the veteran received benefits at the half-time, the veteran's benefits were only charged for 1/2 of a month. Veterans from the reserve had different eligibility requirements and different rules on receiving benefits (see Ch. 1606, Ch. 1607 and Ch. 33). MGIB could also be used while active, which only reimbursed the cost of tuition and fees. Each service has additional educational benefit programs for active duty members. Most delay using MGIB benefits until after separation, discharge or retirement. 238: 172:, a former Democratic Governor of Illinois, served as the Chairman of the Legion's Executive Committee, which drafted and mobilized public opinion to get the G.I. Bill to President Roosevelt's desk on June 22, 1944. Stelle was rewarded for his efforts by the Legion which unanimously elected him its National Commander in 1945. He is commonly referred to as the "Father of the G.I. Bill." Since the First World War the Legion had been in the forefront of lobbying Congress for generous benefits for war veterans. President Roosevelt initially proposed a much smaller program. As historians Glenn C. Altschuler and Stuart Blumin point out, FDR did not play a significant role in the contours of the bill. At first, Roosevelt shared with nearly everyone the idea that "satisfactory employment," not educational opportunity, was the key feature of the bill. This changed in the fall of 1944, when Roosevelt's special representative to the European Theatre, 625:

2011), Section 111, amended Title 38, U.S. Code, by adding section 3322(h), "Bar to Duplication of Eligibility Based on a Single Event or Period of Service," which does not allow the Department of Veterans Affairs to establish eligibility for a Service Member under more than one education benefit. If a service member applies for Montgomery GI Bill benefits (such as the Top-up option to augment Tuition Assistance) and entered service on/after August 1, 2011, then they must incur a subsequent period of service to convert to the Post 9/11 GI Bill. If the service member cannot incur another period of service, they are not eligible to convert. The VA considers a service member has elected a GI Bill upon submission of VA Form 22–1990.and VA approval and issues a Certificate of Eligibility.

668:"veterans" must have received, or eventually receive, an honorable or other-than-dishonorable discharge, have a VA service-connected disability rating of 10% or more, and apply for services. Law provides for a 12-year basic period of eligibility in which services may be used, which begins on latter of separation from active military duty or the date the veteran was first notified of a service-connected disability rating. In general, participants have 48 months of program entitlement to complete an individual vocational rehabilitation plan. Participants deemed to have a "serious employment handicap" will generally be granted exemption from the 12-year eligibility period and may receive additional months of entitlement as necessary to complete approved plans. 40: 581:

total of $ 5400. This allows the veteran to receive $ 4,800 in additional funds ($ 5400 total minus the $ 600 contribution to receive it), but not until after leaving active duty (unless the tuition of a term is higher than the monthly MGIB rate would pay). The additional contribution must be made while still on active duty. It is available for G.I. Bill recipients using either Ch. 30 or Ch. 1607, but cannot be extended beyond 36 months if a combination of G.I. Bill programs are used. It will pay past 36 months of eligibility, by being paid to the end of the term where entitlement is exhausted.

3501: 4852: 4828: 4801: 199: 4840: 309: 426:(HBCUs) came under increased pressure as rising enrollments and strained resources forced them to turn away an estimated 20,000 veterans. HBCUs were already the poorest colleges. HBCU resources were stretched even thinner when veterans' demands necessitated an expansion in the curriculum beyond the traditional "preach and teach" course of study. 403:, low-interest loans and financial support. The chairman of the American Veterans Committee at the time, Charles G. Bolte, wrote that federal agencies were consistently discriminating "as though the legislation were earmarked 'For White Veterans Only'". According to historian Ira Katznelson, "the law was deliberately designed to accommodate 765:

serving in the American forces in the United States. That program gives around 50 months of education benefits. However, there are still more opportunities. The benefits may be used for degree and certificate programs, apprenticeship, and on the job training. Spouses of veterans and former spouses are offered free courses occasionally.

176:, returned with her report on the G.I.'s postwar expectations. From her hundreds of interviews with servicemen then fighting in France, it was clear they wanted educational opportunities previously unavailable to them. FDR "lit up," Rosenberg recalled, and subsequent additions to the bill included provisions for higher education. 677:$ 2 for $ 1 basis by the Government with a maximum allowable participant contribution of $ 2,700. (Maximum possible government contribution: $ 5,400. Maximum possible benefit: $ 8,100.) This benefit may be used for degree and certificate programs, flight training, apprenticeship/on-the-job training and correspondence courses. 430:

However, these gains were limited almost exclusively to Northern states, and the educational and economic gap between white and black nationally widened under the effects of the G.I. Bill. With 79 percent of the black population living in southern states, educational gains were limited to a small portion of black Americans.

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The Survivors' and Dependents' Educational Assistance (DEA) Program delivers education and training advantages to dependents from eligible resources to veterans who have either have a terminal illness due to a service-related condition, or who were called to active duty or had a disability related to

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The "Buy-Up" option, allows active duty members to forfeit up to $ 600 more toward their MGIB. For every dollar the service member contributes, the federal government contributes $ 8. Those who forfeit the maximum ($ 600) will receive, upon approval, an additional $ 150 per month for 36 months, or a

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The Reserve Educational Assistance Program (REAP) was available to all reservists who, after September 11, 2001, complete 90 days or more of active duty service "in support of contingency operations." This benefit provided reservists return from active duty with up to 80% of the active duty (Chapter

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The Veterans Educational Assistance Program (VEAP) is available for those who first entered active duty between January 1, 1977, and June 30, 1985, and elected to make contributions from their military pay to participate in this education benefit program. Participants' contributions are matched on a

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The 10-year period can also be extended if one reenters active duty for 90 days or more after becoming eligible. The extension ends 10 years from the date of separation from the later period. Periods of active duty of fewer than 90 days qualify for extensions only if one was separated for one of the

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MGIB benefits may be used up to 10 years from the date of last discharge or release from active duty. The 10-year period can be extended by the amount of time a service member was prevented from training during that period because of a disability or because he/she was held by a foreign government or

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Another provision was known as the 52–20 clause for unemployment. Unemployed war veterans would receive $ 20 once a week for 52 weeks for up to one year while they were looking for work. Less than 20 percent of the money set aside for the 52–20 Club was distributed. Rather, most returning servicemen

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During the war, politicians wanted to avoid the postwar confusion about veterans' benefits that became a political football in the 1920s and 1930s. Veterans' organizations that had formed after the First World War had millions of members; they mobilized support in Congress for a bill that provided

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By 1956, 7.8 million veterans had used the G.I. Bill education benefits, some 2.2 million to attend colleges or universities and an additional 5.6 million for some kind of training program. Historians and economists judge the G.I. Bill a major political and economic success—especially in contrast to

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President Obama marks the launch of the Post-9/11 GI Bill, which will provide comprehensive education benefits to our veterans. The bill will provide our veterans the skills and trainings they need to be successful in the future, and is part of the Presidents plan to build a new foundation for the

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prosthetic limbs following the first and second World Wars. These included inadequate types of prosthetics, poor quality of prosthetics, and a high emphasis on societal reintegration that emphasized aesthetics over function. However, the sympathetic perception of veterans, influenced by films like

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Though black people encountered many obstacles in their pursuit of G.I. benefits, the bill greatly expanded the population of African Americans attending college and graduate school. In 1940, enrollment at Black colleges was 1.08% of total U.S. college enrollment. By 1950 it had increased to 3.6%.

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Veterans benefits were a bargain for conservatives who feared increasingly high taxation and the extension of New Deal national government agencies. Veterans benefits would go to a small group without long-term implications for others, and programs would be administered by the VA, diverting power

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enrollment periods. In this case if the veteran is full-time, and his or her maximum BAH rate is $ 1500 per month, then he or she will receive (13/30)x$ 1500 = $ 650 for the end of the first period of enrollment, then the veteran will receive (10/30)x$ 1500 = $ 500 for the beginning of the second

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The Montgomery G.I. Bill — Selected Reserve (MGIB-SR) program may be available to members of the Selected Reserve, including all military branch reserve components as well as the Army National Guard and Air National Guard. This benefit may be used for degree and certificate programs, flight

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program that serves eligible active duty servicemembers and veterans with service-connected disabilities. This program promotes the development of suitable, gainful employment by providing vocational and personal adjustment counseling, training assistance, a monthly subsistence allowance during

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Service members may use GI bill in conjunction with Military Tuition Assistance (MilTA) to help with payments above the MilTA CAP. This will reduce the total benefit available once the member leaves service. Veterans Educational Assistance Improvements Act of 2010 (Public Law 111–377, January 4,

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The Vietnam Era G.I. Bill provided educational assistance for service members serving on Active Duty for more than 180 days with any portion of that time falling between January 31, 1955, and January 1, 1977. To be eligible, service members must have been discharged under conditions other than

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In order to receive an evaluation for Chapter 31 vocational rehabilitation and/or independent living services, those qualifying as a "servicemember" must have a memorandum service-connected disability rating of 20% or greater and apply for vocational rehabilitation services. Those qualifying as

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The bill specified that any veteran requiring a prosthetic limb would be entitled to one and the training required to utilize it, as well as limited funding for custom automobiles and home renovations. Author Bess Williamson highlighted that there were extensive obstacles to veterans receiving

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The bill that President Roosevelt initially proposed had a means test—only poor veterans would get one year of funding; only top-scorers on a written exam would get four years of paid college. The American Legion proposal provided full benefits for all veterans, including women and minorities,

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Another change enables active-duty servicemembers and their G.I. Bill-eligible spouses to receive the annual $ 1,000 book stipend (pro-rated for their rate of pursuit), adds several vocational, certification and OJT options, and removes the state-by-state tuition caps for veterans enrolled at

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In the South, which was still segregated at that time, some universities refused to admit black people until the Civil Rights movement. Colleges accepting black people in the South initially numbered 100. Some of those institutions were of lower quality, with 28 of them classified as

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For those eligible based on two years of active duty and four years in the Selected Reserve (also known as "call to service"), they have 10 years from their release from active duty, or 10 years from the completion of the four-year Selected Reserve obligation to use MGIB benefits.

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American Legion have also been credited with recording their ideas for veteran benefits on napkins and paper. The group included Omar J. McMackin, Earl W. Merrit, Dr. Leonard W. Esper, George H. Bauer, William R. McCauley, James P. Ringley, A.L. Starshak and Illinois Governor,

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Additionally, some banks and mortgage agencies refused loans to black people. After the war, many people, black people included, returned to their former lives of poverty, making it difficult for them to pursue the higher education opportunities afforded by the G.I. Bill.

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active training, and employment assistance after training. Independent living services may also be provided to advance vocational potential for eventual job seekers, or to enhance the independence of eligible participants who are presently unable to work.

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period of enrollment. Effectively, the change in break-pay means the veteran will receive $ 1150 per month for August instead of $ 1500 per month. This has a significant impact in December - January BAH payments since most Colleges have 2-4 week breaks.

419:. Only seven states offered post-baccalaureate training, while no accredited engineering or doctoral programs were available for blacks. These institutions were all smaller than white or non-segregated universities, often facing a lack of resources. 699:. Beginning in August 2009, recipients became eligible for greatly expanded benefits, or the full cost of any public college in their state. The new bill also provides a housing allowance and $ 1,000 a year stipend for books, among other benefits. 720:

In December 2010 Congress passed the Post-9/11 Veterans Education Assistance Improvements Act of 2010. The new law, often referred to as G.I. Bill 2.0, expands eligibility for members of the National Guard to include time served on

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Unlike scholarship programs, the Montgomery GI Bill (MGIB) requires a financial commitment from the service member. However, if the benefit is not used, the service member cannot recoup whatever money was paid into the system.

343:. Due to the discrimination by local and state governments, as well as by private actors in housing and education, the G.I. Bill failed to benefit African Americans as it did with white Americans. Columbia University historian 273:, Republican National Committee chairman and a former National Commander of the American Legion, is credited with writing the first draft of the G.I. Bill. He reportedly jotted down his ideas on stationery and a napkin at the 305:, (R) MA, who helped write and who co-sponsored the legislation, might be termed as the "mother of the G.I. Bill". As with Colmery, her contribution to writing and passing this legislation has been obscured by time. 584:

The "buy-up" option is not to be confused with a "kicker". A kicker is an additional payment as well, however it is a contractual incentive for specific jobs, and not an optional offering soldiers can pay into.

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Under this bill, benefits may be used to pursue an undergraduate or graduate degree at a college or university, a cooperative training program, or an accredited independent study program leading to a degree.

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The original G.I. Bill ended in 1956. A variety of benefits have been available to military veterans since the original bill, and these benefits packages are commonly referred to as updates to the G.I. Bill.

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home loans for servicemen, with more favorable terms for new construction compared to existing housing. This encouraged millions of American families to move out of urban apartments and into suburban homes.

1456: 1685: 537:(1944), helped to drive innovation of prosthetic devices. Williamson also argued that these veteran's benefits, despite their flaws, set the stage for later government support and legislation, like the 267:

benefits only to veterans of military service, including men and women. Ortiz says their efforts "entrenched the VFW and the Legion as the twin pillars of the American veterans' lobby for decades."

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for federal funding. This loophole encourages for-profit colleges to target and aggressively recruit veterans and their families. Legislative efforts to close the 90-10 loophole have failed.

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After the GI Bill was instituted in the 1940s, a number of "fly-by-night" vocational schools were created. Some of these for-profit colleges still target veterans, who are excluded from the

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In 2012, President Barack Obama issued Executive Order 13607 to ensure that military service members, veterans, and their families would not be aggressively targeted by sub-prime colleges.

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Entered service for the first time between January 1, 1977, and June 30, 1985; Opened a contribution account before April 1, 1987; Voluntarily contributed from $ 25 to $ 2700

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from New Deal bureaucracies. Such benefits were likely to hamper New Dealers in their attempts to win a postwar battle over a permanent system of social policy for everyone.

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30) G.I. Bill benefits as long as they remained active participants in the reserves. Chapter 1607 was sunset on November 25, 2019, to make way for the Post 9/11 G.I. Bill.

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stated that although it was "unfortunate that we will not have the technical expertise from the private sector," the VA "can and will deliver the benefits program on time."

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If service ended before January 1, 2013; benefits expire 15 yrs after last discharge from active duty. If discharged on or after January 1, 2013; benefits do not expire.

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The VA announced in September 2008 that it would manage the new benefit itself instead of hiring an outside contractor after protests by veteran's organizations and the

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Changes to Ch. 33 also includes a new $ 17,500 annual cap on tuition and fees coverage for veterans attending private colleges and foreign colleges and universities.

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The Department of Veterans Affairs maintains a website for veterans to compare colleges that use the GI Bill, in order to use their educational benefits wisely.

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While in the Selected Reserve. If separated from Ready Reserve for disability which was not result of willful misconduct, for 10 yrs after date of entitlement.

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12 yrs from discharge or notification of service-connected disability, whichever is later. In cases of "extreme disability", the 12-year timeline can be waived.

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Bound, John, and Sarah Turner. "Going to War and Going to College: Did World War II and the G.I. Bill Increase Educational Attainment for Returning Veterans?"

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Woods, Louis, "Almost 'No Negro Veteran…Could Get a Loan:' African Americans, the GI Bill, and the NAACP Campaign Against Residential Segregation, 1917-1960,"

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that had caused political turmoil in the 1920s and 1930s. Benefits included low-cost mortgages, low-interest loans to start a business or farm, one year of

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All veteran education programs are found in law in Title 38 of the United States Code. Each specific program is found in its own Chapter in Title 38.

3152: 3111: 1873:"H.R.2189 - 113th Congress (2013-2014): To improve the processing of disability claims by the Department of Veterans Affairs, and for other purposes" 161:). The original G.I. Bill expired in 1956, but the term "G.I. Bill" is still used to refer to programs created to assist American military veterans. 2404: 407:". In the New York and northern New Jersey suburbs 67,000 mortgages were insured by the G.I. Bill, but fewer than 100 were taken out by non-whites. 4922: 3662: 3653: 3543: 2850: 1992: 336: 3070: 3029: 225:

provided veterans with funding for the full cost of any public college in their state. The G.I. Bill was also modified through the passage of the

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The State of California has an 85-15 rule that aims to prevent predatory for-profit colleges and "fly-by-night schools" from targeting veterans.

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Congress, in the summer of 2008, approved an expansion of benefits beyond the current G.I. Bill program for military veterans serving since the

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dishonorable. There was no service member contribution for this program like Chapter 30 or 32. This program was sunset on December 31, 1989.

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By 1946, only one fifth of the 100,000 black people who had applied for educational benefits had been registered in college. Furthermore,

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Ernest W. McFarland: Majority Leader of the United States Senate, Governor and Chief Justice of the State of Arizona : a biography

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On June 22, 1944, the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, commonly known as the G.I. Bill of Rights, was signed into law. Professor

191:. These benefits were available to all veterans who had been on active duty during the war years for at least 90 days and had not been 2622: 1784:"Closing the Gap or Widening the Divide: The Effects of the G.I. Bill and World War II on the Educational Outcomes of Black Americans" 1751:"Closing the Gap or Widening the Divide: The Effects of the G.I. Bill and World War II on the Educational Outcomes of Black Americans" 1917: 3533: 2891: 2238: 4519: 4507: 4470: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4367: 4362: 3971: 3770: 2689: 2756: 4434: 4144: 3976: 3951: 3823: 3804: 3730: 3606: 538: 348: 4337: 2020: 4768: 3845: 3323:

Clark, Daniel A. "'The two joes meet—Joe College, Joe Veteran': The GI Bill, college education, and postwar American culture".

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veterans in the original G.I. Bill, even though they were considered military personnel in times of war in accordance with the

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the treatments of World War I veterans—and a major contribution to U.S. stock of human capital that encouraged long-term

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In some states, the National Guard does offer true scholarship benefits, regardless of past or current MGIB participation.

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Nagowski, Matthew P. "Inopportunity of Gender: The G.I. Bill and the Higher Education of the American Female, 1939-1954"

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Suzanne Mettler, "The creation of the GI Bill of Rights of 1944: Melding social and participatory citizenship ideals."

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The final bill provided immediate financial rewards for practically all World War II veterans, thereby avoiding the

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revamped the G.I. Bill. From 1984 until 2008, this version of the law was called "The Montgomery G.I. Bill". The

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VA also has a GI Bill Feedback System for veterans to lodge their complaints about schools they are attending.

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Canada operated a similar program for its World War II veterans, with a similarly beneficial economic impact.

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At this time, service members cannot recoup any monies paid into the MGIB program should it not be utilized.

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When affirmative action was white : an untold history of racial inequality in twentieth-century America

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The recipients did not pay any income tax on the GI benefits, since they were not considered earned income.

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orders performing duties comparable to those performed by National Guard personnel under Title 32 orders.

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When Affirmative Action Was White: An Untold History of Racial Inequality in Twentieth-Century America

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Nam, Charles B. "The Impact of the 'GI Bills' on the Educational Level of the Male Population"

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It was largely designed and passed through Congress in 1944 in a bipartisan effort led by the

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CONFIDANTE : the untold story of the woman who helped win wwii and shape modern america

729:(AGR). It does not, however, cover members of the Coast Guard Reserve who have served under 50:

AN ACT To provide Federal Government aid for the readjustment in civilian life of returning

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Flight training (usually limited to 60% for Ch. 30, see Ch. 33 for more flight information)

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used G.I. Bill education benefits (72 percent) than World War II veterans (49 percent) or

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From here to equality : reparations for Black Americans in the twenty-first century

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for whites. The G.I. Bill has been criticized for increasing racial wealth disparities.

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According to the GI Bill Comparison Tool, the largest recipients of GI Bill Funds are

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Herbold, Hilary (Winter 1994). "Never a Level Playing Field: Blacks and the GI Bill".

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Bold Relief: Institutional politics and the origins of modern American social policy

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On the day one leaves the Selected Reserve; this includes voluntary entry into the

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On the day one leaves the Selected Reserve; this includes voluntary entry into the

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Beyond the Bonus March and GI Bill: how veteran politics shaped the New Deal era

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Beyond the Bonus March and GI Bill: how veteran politics shaped the New Deal era

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highly disputed postponed life insurance policy payout for World War I veterans

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Abrams, Richard M. "The U.S. Military and Higher Education: A Brief History."

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Soldiers to Citizens: The G.I. Bill and the Making of the Greatest Generation

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A CHRONOLOGY OF HOUSING LEGISLATION AND SELECTED EXECUTIVE ACTIONS, 1892-2003

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Olson, Keith. "The G. I. Bill and Higher Education: Success and Surprise,"

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have also acted as third parties to recruit veterans for subprime colleges.

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Soldiers to citizens: The GI Bill and the making of the greatest generation

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adjust to civilian life by providing them with benefits including low-cost

393: 321: 254: 154: 51: 1033: 4444: 4038: 3437:

Stanley, Marcus (2003). "College Education and the Midcentury GI Bills".

2309:"Veterans Educational Assistance Program (VEAP) - Education and Training" 2039:"Military-Branded Websites Push Veterans to Troubled For-Profit Colleges" 774:

training, apprenticeship/on-the-job training and correspondence courses.

3563: 3458: 2957: 2489:"Reserve Educational Assistance Program (REAP) - Education and Training" 2263: 1816:"Belated Thank You to the Merchant Mariners of World War II Act of 2007" 1524: 777: 153:, was a law that provided a range of benefits for some of the returning 4832: 4762: 4090: 3406: 3403: 1735: 1575: 768: 671: 521: 455: 368: 180: 114: 3494: 3362:

Out of the Horrors of War: Disability Politics in World War II America

1472: 760:

Chapter 35 (Survivors' and Dependents' Educational Assistance Program)

4100: 4070: 3467:

To Hear Only Thunder Again: America's World War II Veterans Come Home

3301:

When Dreams Came True: The G.I. Bill and the Making of Modern America

1256:(2009) pp 102-44, emphasizes the central role of the American Legion. 400: 4827: 3193:"University of Phoenix barred from enrolling veterans in 7 programs" 1727: 3703: 2471:"Montgomery GI Selected Reserve (MGIB-SR) - Education and Training" 2168:"Montgomery GI Bill Active Duty (MGIB-AD) - Education and Training" 696: 404: 215: 3534:

Central Committee for Conscientious Objectors analysis of the MGIB

1819: 1800: 1783: 1767: 1750: 1392: 713:

President Obama Launches Post-9/11 GI Bill August 3, 2009 | 12:01

198: 654: 396: 3431:

Preparing for Ulysses: Politics and Veterans During World War II

950:

1 to 36 months depending on the number of monthly contributions

320:

An important provision of the G.I. Bill was low interest, zero

3318:

Failing our Veterans: The G.I. Bill and the Vietnam Generation

3287:

Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

2939: 241:

Don A. Balfour was "the first recipient of the 1944 GI Bill."

1635:"Review: 'When Affirmative Action Was White': Uncivil Rights" 982: 335:

The G.I. Bill received criticism for directing some funds to

2343:

Davenport, Christian, "Expanded GI Bill Too Late For Some",

1414:

Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States

290:

who attended the signing ceremony with President Roosevelt.

3342:

Over Here: How the G.I. Bill Transformed the American Dream

1775: 168:, which wanted to reward practically all wartime veterans. 3523: 2264:"Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment (VR&E) Home" 965:

Contingent as long as one serves as a drilling Reservist.

962:

Contingent as long as one serves as a drilling Reservist.

312:

A government poster informing soldiers about the G.I. Bill

4111:

Military history of the United States during World War II

308: 1972:"For-profit schools targeted again over GI Bill payouts" 1528:

Student Veterans and Service Members in Higher Education

297:, (D) AZ, and National Commander of the American Legion 3422:

Peeps, J. M. Stephen. "A B.A. for the G.I. . . . Why?"

1891:"The 90-10 Rule: Why Predatory Schools Target Veterans" 301:, (R) CA were actively involved in the bill's passage. 2091:

Accessible America: A History of Disability and Design

2021:"For-Profit Schools Under Fire For Targeting Veterans" 1470: 1438: 4816: 1525:

Jan Arminio; Tomoko Kudo Grabosky; Josh Lang (2015).

1038:. Stuart M. Blumin. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 778:

Chapter 1607 (Reserve Educational Assistance Program)

750: 687:

Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008

223:

Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008

21:

Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008

16:

U.S. law providing benefits for World War II veterans

4903:

Military education and training in the United States

3539:

Education Fact Sheet for Guard & Reserve Members

769:

Chapter 1606 (Montgomery GI Bill- Selective Reserve)

672:

Chapter 32 (Veterans Educational Assistance Program)

4918:

United States federal veterans' affairs legislation

2441:"Survivors' and Dependents' Educational Assistance" 1619:

Our Negro Veterans, Public Affairs Pamphlet No. 128

1409: 1305: 1303: 564:In 1984, former Mississippi Democratic Congressman 3529:The Department of Veteran Affairs' GI Bill website 3339: 1918:"Why For-Profit Colleges Target Military Veterans" 1411: 559: 87: 4893:History of veterans' affairs in the United States 1576:"Education, earnings, and the 'Canadian GI Bill'" 1365: 527: 4864: 3476:, Vol. 98, No. 3 (Summer 2013) pp. 392–417. 1742: 1300: 1130:Olson, 1973, and see also Bound and Turner 2002. 449: 329:quickly found jobs or pursued higher education. 2595: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2507:"Reserve Educational Assistance Program (REAP)" 1713: 1711: 1709: 1707: 1553:"History and Timeline - Education and Training" 605:A medical condition existing before active duty 1341:Luther B Easley Salem American Legion Post 128 655:Chapter 31 (Vocational Rehabilitation Program) 205:signs the G.I. Bill into law on June 22, 1944. 3579: 3549:Guide to the GI Bill Oral Histories 2003-2004 3413:The G.I. Bill, The Veterans, and The Colleges 3337: 2113:Department of Defense (1944), Meet McGonegal 1883: 1259: 894:10 yrs from last discharge from active duty. 2602:"GI Bill, Montgomery and Post 9/11 GI Bills" 2584: 2360:"President Obama Launches Post-9/11 GI Bill" 2327:"Post-9/11 GI Bill - Education and Training" 1704: 1520: 1518: 1230:(Cambridge University Press, 2009) pp 47-54. 575: 424:historically black colleges and universities 4913:United States federal education legislation 3292:Altschuler, Glenn C. and Stuart M. Blumin. 3220:. Government Publishing Office. May 2, 2012 3177:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3136:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3095:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3054:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2916:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2875:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2808:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2741:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2674:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2576:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2211:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2152:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 1781: 1748: 1615: 1573: 1393:THE CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE (2004), 1292:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 744:publicly funded colleges and universities. 704:American Federation of Government Employees 4418:Springwood birthplace, home, and gravesite 3586: 3572: 3499: 3383:Cornell University ILR Collection" (2005) 2088: 1683: 1658: 1372:. Sharlot Hall Museum Press. p. 113. 1104:Glenn C. Altschuler and Stuart M. Blumin, 1035:The GI Bill : a new deal for veterans 1031: 1005:Glenn C. Altschuler and Stuart M. Blumin, 983:GI Bill Comparison Tool and college choice 695:originally proposed by Democratic Senator 221:The original G.I. Bill ended in 1956. The 4450:Little White House, Warm Springs, Georgia 3593: 1799: 1782:Turner, Sarah; Bound, John (March 2003). 1766: 1749:Turner, Sarah; Bound, John (March 2003). 1720:The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education 1515: 971: 680: 588: 4520:Roosevelt Institute for American Studies 4363:1920 United States presidential election 3972:Harlan F. Stone Supreme Court nomination 3771:National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 3402:Vol. 25, No. 5 (December 1973) 596-610. 3364:(U of Pennsylvania Press, 2016). 288 pp. 2599: 2376: 2115:http://exhibits.usu.edu/items/show/18493 1943: 1852:Clinton, Hillary Rodham (May 16, 2007). 792: 387: 307: 236: 197: 4923:United States military pay and benefits 4044:U.S. occupation of Nicaragua, 1912–1933 3977:Wiley Rutledge Supreme Court nomination 3805:Aid to Families with Dependent Children 3731:Federal Emergency Relief Administration 3474:The Journal of African American History 3436: 3207: 1851: 1717: 1461:, W. W. Norton & Co., 2005, p. 140. 4865: 3544:Education Benefits Available by States 1952:from the original on February 24, 2020 1870: 1832: 1616:Bolte, Charles; Harris, Louis (1947). 1477:. University of North Carolina Press. 1069: 1065: 1063: 4883:Higher education in the United States 3567: 3469:. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2001. 2283:"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs" 2084: 2082: 1574:Lemieux, Thomas; Card, David (2001). 1555:. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs 1511:, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs 1418:. New York: Oxford University Press. 570:Montgomery GI Bill — Active Duty 392:The G.I. Bill aimed to help American 358: 151:Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 33:Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 4493:Franklin Delano Roosevelt Foundation 4333:Democratic National Convention, 1920 4133:Declaration by United Nations (1942) 4121:Combined Munitions Assignments Board 3766:National Labor Relations Act of 1935 3554:Web-Enable Education Benefits System 3294:The GI Bill: a new deal for veterans 2978: 2237:. US Army. p. 2. Archived from 1944:Davidson, Jake (November 11, 2014). 1915: 1663:( ed.). New York: W.W. Norton. 1632: 1106:The GI Bill: A New Deal for Veterans 1007:The GI Bill: A New Deal for Veterans 472:University of Maryland Global Campus 4049:U.S. occupation of Haiti, 1915–1934 3851:Defense industry non-discrimination 3265:"Feedback - Education and Training" 2447:. November 15, 2019. Archived from 1684:Katznelson, Ira (August 17, 2006). 1172:"The George Washington Uni Profile" 1060: 337:for-profit educational institutions 13: 4898:Legal history of the United States 4498:Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial 4486:Roosevelt Institute Campus Network 3856:Fair Employment Practice Committee 3824:Securities and Exchange Commission 3756:Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act 3524:The American Legion's MyGIBill.org 3439:The Quarterly Journal of Economics 3433:(Columbia University Press, 1969). 3334:(Cambridge University Press, 2009) 3278: 2079: 1343:. January 16, 2019. Archived from 784:Chapter 1607 (G.I. Bill of Rights) 751:Chapter 34 (Vietnam Era G.I. Bill) 433: 157:veterans (commonly referred to as 92:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 14: 4934: 4066:Second London Naval Treaty (1936) 3903:Executive Office of the President 3817:Federal Communications Commission 3481: 3371:(Oxford University Press, 2005). 1871:Miller, Jeff (October 29, 2013). 1833:Filner, Bob (September 5, 2007). 1458:When Affirmative Action Was White 1399:, U.S. Government Printing Office 514:Southern New Hampshire University 478:American Public University System 4850: 4838: 4826: 4800: 4799: 4239:State of the Union Address (1934 4056:Good Neighbor Policy (1933–1945) 3781:National Recovery Administration 3327:(1998), 38#2, pp. 165–189. 3303:(New York: Brassey's Inc., 1996) 3296:(2009), brief scholarly overview 3150: 3109: 3068: 3027: 2889: 2848: 2781: 2714: 2647: 2549: 2184: 2125: 1265: 619: 38: 4621:World War II: When Lions Roared 4476:Presidential Library and Museum 3751:Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944 3629:Assistant Secretary of the Navy 3257: 3232: 3185: 3144: 3103: 3062: 3021: 2994: 2972: 2946: 2932:"Help For GI Bill Applications" 2924: 2883: 2842: 2816: 2775: 2749: 2708: 2682: 2641: 2615: 2543: 2517: 2499: 2481: 2463: 2433: 2415: 2397: 2370: 2352: 2337: 2319: 2301: 2280: 2274: 2256: 2225: 2219: 2178: 2160: 2119: 2107: 2049: 2031: 2013: 1985: 1964: 1937: 1909: 1864: 1845: 1826: 1808: 1788:The Journal of Economic History 1755:The Journal of Economic History 1677: 1652: 1626: 1609: 1567: 1545: 1499: 1471:Darity, William A. Jr. (2020). 1464: 1449: 1439:Ellsworth Harvey Plank (1953). 1432: 1403: 1386: 1359: 1329: 1246: 1233: 1220: 1207: 1194: 1164: 1151: 1070:GORHAM, CHRISTOPHER C. (2023). 935:Months of benefits (full time) 637:Technical or vocational courses 566:Gillespie V. "Sonny" Montgomery 560:Chapter 30 (Montgomery GI Bill) 539:Americans with Disabilities Act 4116:Home front during World War II 3610:President of the United States 3424:History of Education Quarterly 3325:History of Education Quarterly 3310:20#4 (2002), pp. 784–815 2405:"Vietnam Era G.I. Bill (REAP)" 1690:. W. W. Norton & Company. 1633:Kotz, Nick (August 28, 2005). 1142: 1133: 1124: 1111: 1098: 1025: 1012: 999: 911:While in the Selected Reserve 856:Student Loan Repayment Program 717:21st century. August 3, 2009. 706:. Veterans Affairs Secretary 628: 602:A service-connected disability 528:Inadequate disability coverage 1: 4721:Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr. 4613:Backstairs at the White House 4285:Early life, education, career 3962:Federal Judicial appointments 3793:National Youth Administration 3788:Works Progress Administration 3153:"Education and Training Home" 3112:"Education and Training Home" 3071:"Education and Training Home" 3030:"Education and Training Home" 2981:"Military Tuition Assistance" 2892:"Education and Training Home" 2851:"Education and Training Home" 2784:"Education and Training Home" 2717:"Education and Training Home" 2650:"Education and Training Home" 2552:"Education and Training Home" 2187:"Education and Training Home" 2128:"Education and Training Home" 2093:. NYU Press. pp. 19–42. 1583:Canadian Journal of Economics 1268:"Education and Training Home" 1032:Altschuler, Glenn C. (2009). 993: 490:Colorado Technical University 450:Colleges that target veterans 438:Congress did not include the 4323:1928 New York state election 4264:1944 (Second Bill of Rights) 4188:Madison Square Garden speech 4061:Montevideo Convention (1933) 3942:Jefferson's Birthday holiday 3881:Japanese American internment 3417:University Press of Kentucky 1998:International Business Times 1916:Wong, Alia (June 24, 2015). 1410:Jackson, Kenneth T. (1985). 317:regardless of their wealth. 247:George Washington University 7: 4727:John Aspinwall Roosevelt II 3952:Judicial Court-Packing Bill 3891:Italian-American internment 3776:Public Works Administration 3741:Agricultural Adjustment Act 3736:Civilian Conservation Corps 1204:(Princeton UP, 1998) p247. 897:While on active duty only. 809:Active Duty Chap 30 Top-up 736:The new law also includes: 643:Apprenticeship/job training 444:Merchant Marine Act of 1936 382: 347:described the G.I. Bill as 72:78th United States Congress 10: 4939: 4515:White House Roosevelt Room 4096:1940 Selective Service Act 4019:Presidential Proclamations 3886:German-American internment 3812:Communications Act of 1934 3761:Tennessee Valley Authority 3451:10.1162/003355303321675482 3308:Journal of Labor Economics 3289:(1989) 404 pp. 15–28. 2954:"Armyreserveeducation.com" 1366:James E. McMillan (2006). 964: 961: 958: 955: 952: 949: 946: 943: 940: 937: 934: 925: 918: 913: 910: 908: 905: 902: 899: 896: 893: 890: 886: 884: 880: 876: 874: 872: 870: 868: 866: 864: 861: 853: 847: 841: 835: 829: 823: 817: 811: 808: 802: 799: 781: 684: 544: 232: 18: 4778: 4745:James Roosevelt Roosevelt 4678: 4458: 4398: 4313: 4277: 4183:Commonwealth Club Address 4168: 4138:Dumbarton Oaks Conference 4086:Destroyers-for-bases deal 4027: 3863:Indian Reorganization Act 3647: 3601: 3395:43 (October 1964): 26-32. 3240:"GI Bill comparison-tool" 2349:, October 21, 2008, p. 1. 2089:Williamson, Bess (2019). 1311:"FindArticles.com - CBSi" 1020:Journal of Policy History 891:Time limit (eligibility) 661:vocational rehabilitation 374: 185:unemployment compensation 125: 120: 101: 82: 77: 66: 58: 46: 37: 4908:Politics of World War II 4878:1944 in military history 4406:Early life and education 4295:Governorship of New York 4145:World War II conferences 3876:War Relocation Authority 3002:"Student Loan Repayment" 1659:Katznelson, Ira (2006). 727:Active Guard and Reserve 496:Arizona State University 363:A greater percentage of 19:Not to be confused with 4160:Morgenthau Plan support 4106:Atlantic Charter (1941) 3829:Monetary gold ownership 3507:GI Bill Comparison Tool 2423:"Vietnam Era G.I. Bill" 2061:www.democraticmedia.org 1595:10.1111/0008-4085.00077 1117:Altschuler and Blumin, 371:veterans (43 percent). 243:Veterans Administration 193:dishonorably discharged 4703:Anna Roosevelt Halsted 4290:Warm Springs Institute 4233:The More Abundant Life 4178:1932 Acceptance speech 3929:Four Freedoms Monument 3868:Executive Orders 9066, 3846:Record on civil rights 3694:Third and fourth terms 3689:First and second terms 3637:New York State Senator 3559:GI Bill top up program 3426:24#4 (1984) pp 513-25. 3387:; statistical approach 3338:Humes, Edward (2006). 972:Other legal safeguards 681:Chapter 33 (Post-9/11) 640:Correspondence courses 589:Time limit/eligibility 313: 281:A group of 8 from the 250: 206: 4605:The White House Years 4591:Sunrise at Campobello 4527:Franklin D. Roosevelt 4305:Assassination attempt 3746:Emergency Banking Act 3595:Franklin D. Roosevelt 3118:on September 26, 2010 2960:on September 29, 2019 2244:on September 18, 2016 1022:17#4 (2005): 345-374. 793:MGIB comparison chart 520:Lead generators like 466:University of Phoenix 388:Racial discrimination 311: 240: 201: 134:Franklin D. Roosevelt 4873:1944 in American law 4599:Eleanor and Franklin 4259:1941 (Four Freedoms) 4205:Arsenal of Democracy 4200:Day of Infamy speech 4126:War Production Board 3621:Governor of New York 3299:Bennett, Michael J. 3159:on December 27, 2010 2942:on October 28, 2012. 2790:on November 20, 2013 2763:on February 25, 2012 2513:. February 11, 2022. 1822:on January 31, 2012. 1508:History And Timeline 1347:on November 24, 2020 1317:on December 31, 2008 1274:on November 14, 2013 854:Additional Benefits 848:Additional Benefits 812:Post-9/11 G.I. Bill 725:or in the full-time 693:September 11 attacks 484:Full Sail University 4637:Hyde Park on Hudson 4583:The Roosevelt Story 4572:I'd Rather Be Right 4561:U.S. Postage stamps 4555:Unfinished portrait 4541:Four Freedoms Award 4481:Roosevelt Institute 4210:"...is fear itself" 3913:Cullen–Harrison Act 3908:G.I. Bill of Rights 3800:Social Security Act 3513:General information 3269:www.benefits.va.gov 3036:on December 4, 2012 2979:Bodapati, Radhika. 2936:GIbillmaze.webs.com 2511:www.benefits.va.gov 2493:www.benefits.va.gov 2475:www.benefits.va.gov 2427:www.benefits.va.gov 2385:on January 28, 2014 2331:www.benefits.va.gov 2313:www.benefits.va.gov 2281:IIT, Philadelphia. 2268:www.benefits.va.gov 2242:(Information Paper) 2228:"INFORMATION PAPER" 2172:www.benefits.va.gov 2045:. February 1, 2016. 844:(REAP) Chapter 1607 508:National University 303:Edith Nourse Rogers 203:President Roosevelt 121:Legislative history 34: 4709:James Roosevelt II 4686: • 4508:Four Freedoms Park 4076:Export Control Act 3999:Modern Oval Office 3947:Jefferson Memorial 3898:Brownlow Committee 3714:New Deal coalition 3465:Van Ells, Mark D. 3400:American Quarterly 3367:Mettler, Suzanne. 3320:(NYU Press, 2014). 2193:on October 5, 2013 2067:on August 27, 2017 1897:on August 17, 2015 1639:The New York Times 1108:(2009), pp. 54–57. 850:Tuition Assistance 659:"Chapter 31" is a 502:Liberty University 359:After World War II 349:affirmative action 314: 251: 207: 32: 4814: 4813: 4791:Harry S. Truman → 4757:Warren Delano Jr. 4733:James Roosevelt I 4715:Elliott Roosevelt 4697:Eleanor Roosevelt 4440:Paralytic illness 4227:Quarantine Speech 3360:Jennings, Audra. 3330:Frydl, Kathleen. 2830:on April 18, 2012 2629:on April 17, 2012 2531:on April 18, 2012 2451:on March 24, 2020 2409:www.gibill.va.gov 1484:978-1-4696-5497-3 1425:978-0-19-503610-7 1379:978-0-927579-23-0 1157:Suzanne Mettler, 1083:978-0-8065-4200-3 1045:978-0-19-972042-2 1009:(2009), pp. 54-57 969: 968: 842:Selected Reserve 836:Selected Reserve 803:Active Duty MGIB 634:College, business 189:vocational school 174:Anna M. Rosenberg 143: 142: 104:Statutes at Large 4930: 4855: 4854: 4853: 4843: 4842: 4841: 4831: 4830: 4822: 4803: 4802: 4784:← Herbert Hoover 4647:2014 documentary 4503:Roosevelt Island 4150:Quebec Agreement 4071:ABCD line (1940) 4014:Executive Orders 3834:Gold Reserve Act 3640: 3632: 3624: 3613: 3588: 3581: 3574: 3565: 3564: 3503: 3498: 3497: 3495:Official website 3462: 3357: 3345: 3273: 3272: 3261: 3255: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3244:Veterans Affairs 3236: 3230: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3219: 3211: 3205: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3189: 3183: 3182: 3176: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3155:. Archived from 3148: 3142: 3141: 3135: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3114:. Archived from 3107: 3101: 3100: 3094: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3073:. Archived from 3066: 3060: 3059: 3053: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3032:. Archived from 3025: 3019: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3008:on June 30, 2016 3004:. Archived from 2998: 2992: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2976: 2970: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2956:. Archived from 2950: 2944: 2943: 2938:. 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Archived from 1812: 1806: 1805: 1803: 1779: 1773: 1772: 1770: 1746: 1740: 1739: 1715: 1702: 1701: 1681: 1675: 1674: 1656: 1650: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1630: 1624: 1623: 1613: 1607: 1606: 1580: 1571: 1565: 1564: 1562: 1560: 1549: 1543: 1542: 1522: 1513: 1512: 1503: 1497: 1496: 1468: 1462: 1453: 1447: 1446: 1436: 1430: 1429: 1417: 1407: 1401: 1400: 1390: 1384: 1383: 1363: 1357: 1356: 1354: 1352: 1333: 1327: 1326: 1324: 1322: 1313:. Archived from 1307: 1298: 1297: 1291: 1283: 1281: 1279: 1270:. Archived from 1263: 1257: 1250: 1244: 1237: 1231: 1226:Kathleen Frydl, 1224: 1218: 1211: 1205: 1198: 1192: 1191: 1189: 1187: 1182:on July 28, 2011 1178:. Archived from 1176:DCMilitaryEd.com 1168: 1162: 1155: 1149: 1146: 1140: 1137: 1131: 1128: 1122: 1115: 1109: 1102: 1096: 1095: 1076:. : CITADEL PR. 1067: 1058: 1057: 1029: 1023: 1016: 1010: 1003: 953:up to 45 months 797: 796: 365:Vietnam veterans 295:Ernest McFarland 279:Washington, D.C. 271:Harry W. Colmery 136:on June 22, 1944 105: 93: 89: 42: 35: 31: 4938: 4937: 4933: 4932: 4931: 4929: 4928: 4927: 4888:American Legion 4863: 4862: 4861: 4851: 4849: 4839: 4837: 4825: 4817: 4815: 4810: 4774: 4751:Isaac Roosevelt 4739:Sara Ann Delano 4685: 4680: 4674: 4670:Other namesakes 4663:2023 miniseries 4655:2022 miniseries 4623:1997 miniseries 4615:1979 miniseries 4454: 4435:Campobello home 4394: 4309: 4273: 4170: 4164: 4030: 4023: 3957:Cannabis policy 3724:Second New Deal 3667:Inaugurations ( 3651: 3643: 3635: 3627: 3616: 3605: 3597: 3592: 3493: 3492: 3484: 3479: 3429:Ross, David B. 3354: 3316:Boulton, Mark. 3281: 3279:Further reading 3276: 3263: 3262: 3258: 3248: 3246: 3238: 3237: 3233: 3223: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3198: 3196: 3195:. July 30, 2014 3191: 3190: 3186: 3170: 3169: 3162: 3160: 3149: 3145: 3129: 3128: 3121: 3119: 3108: 3104: 3088: 3087: 3080: 3078: 3077:on May 23, 2012 3067: 3063: 3047: 3046: 3039: 3037: 3026: 3022: 3011: 3009: 3000: 2999: 2995: 2985: 2983: 2977: 2973: 2963: 2961: 2952: 2951: 2947: 2930: 2929: 2925: 2909: 2908: 2901: 2899: 2898:on May 28, 2013 2888: 2884: 2868: 2867: 2860: 2858: 2857:on May 24, 2013 2847: 2843: 2833: 2831: 2822: 2821: 2817: 2801: 2800: 2793: 2791: 2780: 2776: 2766: 2764: 2755: 2754: 2750: 2734: 2733: 2726: 2724: 2723:on May 29, 2013 2713: 2709: 2699: 2697: 2696:on May 25, 2012 2688: 2687: 2683: 2667: 2666: 2659: 2657: 2656:on May 29, 2013 2646: 2642: 2632: 2630: 2621: 2620: 2616: 2606: 2604: 2598: 2585: 2569: 2568: 2561: 2559: 2558:on May 23, 2013 2548: 2544: 2534: 2532: 2523: 2522: 2518: 2505: 2504: 2500: 2487: 2486: 2482: 2469: 2468: 2464: 2454: 2452: 2439: 2438: 2434: 2421: 2420: 2416: 2403: 2402: 2398: 2388: 2386: 2375: 2371: 2364:The White House 2358: 2357: 2353: 2346:Washington Post 2342: 2338: 2325: 2324: 2320: 2307: 2306: 2302: 2292: 2290: 2279: 2275: 2262: 2261: 2257: 2247: 2245: 2241: 2230: 2226:Good, William. 2224: 2220: 2204: 2203: 2196: 2194: 2183: 2179: 2166: 2165: 2161: 2145: 2144: 2137: 2135: 2134:on July 9, 2006 2124: 2120: 2112: 2108: 2101: 2087: 2080: 2070: 2068: 2055: 2054: 2050: 2037: 2036: 2032: 2019: 2018: 2014: 2004: 2002: 2001:. June 24, 2015 1991: 1990: 1986: 1976: 1974: 1970: 1969: 1965: 1955: 1953: 1942: 1938: 1928: 1926: 1914: 1910: 1900: 1898: 1889: 1888: 1884: 1869: 1865: 1850: 1846: 1831: 1827: 1814: 1813: 1809: 1780: 1776: 1747: 1743: 1728:10.2307/2962479 1716: 1705: 1698: 1682: 1678: 1671: 1657: 1653: 1643: 1641: 1631: 1627: 1614: 1610: 1578: 1572: 1568: 1558: 1556: 1551: 1550: 1546: 1539: 1523: 1516: 1505: 1504: 1500: 1485: 1469: 1465: 1455:ra Katznelson, 1454: 1450: 1437: 1433: 1426: 1408: 1404: 1391: 1387: 1380: 1364: 1360: 1350: 1348: 1335: 1334: 1330: 1320: 1318: 1309: 1308: 1301: 1285: 1284: 1277: 1275: 1264: 1260: 1251: 1247: 1238: 1234: 1225: 1221: 1212: 1208: 1199: 1195: 1185: 1183: 1170: 1169: 1165: 1156: 1152: 1147: 1143: 1138: 1134: 1129: 1125: 1116: 1112: 1103: 1099: 1084: 1068: 1061: 1046: 1030: 1026: 1017: 1013: 1004: 1000: 996: 985: 974: 795: 786: 780: 771: 762: 753: 689: 683: 674: 657: 631: 622: 591: 578: 576:"Buy-Up" option 562: 547: 530: 452: 440:merchant marine 436: 434:Merchant marine 390: 385: 377: 361: 299:Warren Atherton 283:Salem, Illinois 275:Mayflower Hotel 235: 227:Forever GI Bill 212:economic growth 166:American Legion 149:, formally the 139: 130:Signed into law 103: 91: 67:Enacted by 28: 25:Forever GI Bill 17: 12: 11: 5: 4936: 4926: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4860: 4859: 4847: 4835: 4812: 4811: 4809: 4808: 4795: 4794: 4787: 4779: 4776: 4775: 4773: 4772: 4766: 4760: 4754: 4748: 4747:(half-brother) 4742: 4736: 4730: 4724: 4718: 4712: 4706: 4700: 4693: 4691: 4676: 4675: 4673: 4672: 4667: 4666: 4665: 4657: 4653:The First Lady 4649: 4645:The Roosevelts 4641: 4633: 4625: 4617: 4609: 4595: 4587: 4576: 4568: 4566:Roosevelt dime 4563: 4558: 4551: 4543: 4538: 4530: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4511: 4510: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4489: 4488: 4483: 4473: 4468: 4462: 4460: 4456: 4455: 4453: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4431: 4430: 4420: 4415: 4414: 4413: 4402: 4400: 4399:Life and homes 4396: 4395: 4393: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4376: 4375: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4319: 4317: 4311: 4310: 4308: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4281: 4279: 4275: 4274: 4272: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4229: 4224: 4221:Look to Norway 4217: 4215:Fireside chats 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4174: 4172: 4166: 4165: 4163: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4141: 4140: 4130: 4129: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4081:Four Policemen 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4052: 4051: 4046: 4035: 4033: 4031:foreign policy 4025: 4024: 4022: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3994:March of Dimes 3991: 3986: 3981: 3980: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3933: 3932: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3894: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3865: 3860: 3859: 3858: 3853: 3843: 3842: 3841: 3839:Silver seizure 3836: 3826: 3821: 3820: 3819: 3809: 3808: 3807: 3797: 3796: 3795: 3785: 3784: 3783: 3778: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3727: 3726: 3721: 3719:First 100 days 3716: 3711: 3701: 3699:Foreign policy 3696: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3676: 3671: 3665: 3659: 3657: 3645: 3644: 3642: 3641: 3633: 3625: 3614: 3602: 3599: 3598: 3591: 3590: 3583: 3576: 3568: 3562: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3510: 3509: 3504: 3483: 3482:External links 3480: 3478: 3477: 3470: 3463: 3445:(2): 671–708. 3434: 3427: 3420: 3411:Olson, Keith, 3409: 3396: 3389: 3379: 3365: 3358: 3352: 3335: 3328: 3321: 3314: 3304: 3297: 3290: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3274: 3256: 3231: 3206: 3184: 3143: 3102: 3061: 3020: 2993: 2971: 2945: 2923: 2882: 2841: 2815: 2774: 2748: 2707: 2681: 2640: 2614: 2600:Military.com. 2583: 2542: 2516: 2498: 2480: 2462: 2432: 2414: 2396: 2377:Military.com. 2369: 2351: 2336: 2318: 2300: 2273: 2255: 2218: 2177: 2159: 2118: 2106: 2099: 2078: 2048: 2030: 2012: 1984: 1963: 1936: 1908: 1882: 1863: 1844: 1825: 1807: 1774: 1741: 1722:(6): 104–108. 1703: 1696: 1676: 1670:978-0393328516 1669: 1651: 1625: 1608: 1589:(2): 313–344. 1566: 1544: 1537: 1514: 1498: 1483: 1463: 1448: 1445:. p. 234. 1442:Public Finance 1431: 1424: 1402: 1385: 1378: 1358: 1328: 1299: 1258: 1245: 1232: 1219: 1206: 1200:Edwin Amenta. 1193: 1163: 1150: 1141: 1132: 1123: 1110: 1097: 1082: 1059: 1044: 1024: 1011: 997: 995: 992: 984: 981: 973: 970: 967: 966: 963: 960: 957: 954: 951: 948: 945: 942: 939: 936: 932: 931: 924: 917: 912: 909: 907: 904: 901: 898: 895: 892: 888: 887: 885: 883: 879: 875: 873: 871: 869: 867: 865: 863: 859: 858: 852: 846: 840: 834: 828: 822: 816: 810: 807: 801: 794: 791: 782:Main article: 779: 776: 770: 767: 761: 758: 752: 749: 708:James B. Peake 685:Main article: 682: 679: 673: 670: 656: 653: 648: 647: 644: 641: 638: 635: 630: 627: 621: 618: 610: 609: 606: 603: 590: 587: 577: 574: 561: 558: 546: 543: 535:Meet McGonegal 529: 526: 518: 517: 511: 505: 499: 493: 487: 481: 475: 469: 451: 448: 435: 432: 389: 386: 384: 381: 376: 373: 360: 357: 345:Ira Katznelson 264: 263: 234: 231: 170:John H. Stelle 141: 140: 138: 137: 126: 123: 122: 118: 117: 107: 99: 98: 84: 80: 79: 75: 74: 68: 64: 63: 60: 56: 55: 48: 44: 43: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4935: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4870: 4868: 4858: 4857:United States 4848: 4846: 4836: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4823: 4820: 4807: 4806: 4797: 4796: 4793: 4792: 4788: 4786: 4785: 4781: 4780: 4777: 4770: 4767: 4764: 4761: 4759:(grandfather) 4758: 4755: 4753:(grandfather) 4752: 4749: 4746: 4743: 4740: 4737: 4734: 4731: 4728: 4725: 4722: 4719: 4716: 4713: 4710: 4707: 4704: 4701: 4698: 4695: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4684: 4677: 4671: 4668: 4664: 4662: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4634: 4632: 4630: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4610: 4608: 4606: 4602: 4600: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4556: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4547:Four Freedoms 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4536: 4531: 4529: 4528: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4509: 4506: 4505: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4478: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4463: 4461: 4457: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4429: 4426: 4425: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4412: 4411:Groton School 4409: 4408: 4407: 4404: 4403: 4401: 4397: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4374: 4371: 4370: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4312: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4300:Business Plot 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4282: 4280: 4276: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4234: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4222: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4195: 4194:Four Freedoms 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4175: 4173: 4167: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4139: 4136: 4135: 4134: 4131: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4113: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4041: 4040: 4037: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4026: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3989:"Brain Trust" 3987: 3985: 3982: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3967:Supreme Court 3965: 3964: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3937:Black Cabinet 3935: 3931: 3930: 3926: 3925: 3924: 3923:Four Freedoms 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3873: 3872: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3848: 3847: 3844: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3831: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3818: 3815: 3814: 3813: 3810: 3806: 3803: 3802: 3801: 3798: 3794: 3791: 3790: 3789: 3786: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3773: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3706: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3675: 3672: 3670: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3650: 3646: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3608: 3604: 3603: 3600: 3596: 3589: 3584: 3582: 3577: 3575: 3570: 3569: 3566: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3519:GI Bill Forum 3517: 3516: 3515: 3514: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3496: 3491: 3490: 3489: 3488: 3475: 3471: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3435: 3432: 3428: 3425: 3421: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3394: 3393:Social Forces 3390: 3388: 3386: 3380: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3353:0-15-100710-1 3349: 3344: 3343: 3336: 3333: 3332:The G.I. Bill 3329: 3326: 3322: 3319: 3315: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3302: 3298: 3295: 3291: 3288: 3284: 3283: 3270: 3266: 3260: 3249:September 21, 3245: 3241: 3235: 3216: 3210: 3194: 3188: 3180: 3174: 3158: 3154: 3147: 3139: 3133: 3117: 3113: 3106: 3098: 3092: 3076: 3072: 3065: 3057: 3051: 3035: 3031: 3024: 3007: 3003: 2997: 2982: 2975: 2959: 2955: 2949: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2927: 2919: 2913: 2897: 2893: 2886: 2878: 2872: 2856: 2852: 2845: 2829: 2825: 2819: 2811: 2805: 2789: 2785: 2778: 2762: 2758: 2752: 2744: 2738: 2722: 2718: 2711: 2695: 2691: 2685: 2677: 2671: 2655: 2651: 2644: 2628: 2624: 2618: 2603: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2579: 2573: 2557: 2553: 2546: 2530: 2526: 2520: 2512: 2508: 2502: 2494: 2490: 2484: 2476: 2472: 2466: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2436: 2428: 2424: 2418: 2410: 2406: 2400: 2384: 2380: 2373: 2365: 2361: 2355: 2348: 2347: 2340: 2332: 2328: 2322: 2314: 2310: 2304: 2288: 2284: 2277: 2269: 2265: 2259: 2240: 2236: 2229: 2222: 2214: 2208: 2192: 2188: 2181: 2173: 2169: 2163: 2155: 2149: 2133: 2129: 2122: 2116: 2110: 2102: 2100:9781479894093 2096: 2092: 2085: 2083: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2052: 2044: 2040: 2034: 2026: 2022: 2016: 2000: 1999: 1994: 1988: 1973: 1967: 1951: 1947: 1940: 1925: 1924: 1919: 1912: 1896: 1892: 1886: 1878: 1874: 1867: 1859: 1855: 1848: 1840: 1836: 1829: 1821: 1817: 1811: 1802: 1801:10.3386/w9044 1797: 1794:(1): 170–72. 1793: 1789: 1785: 1778: 1769: 1768:10.3386/w9044 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1745: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1714: 1712: 1710: 1708: 1699: 1697:9780393347142 1693: 1689: 1688: 1680: 1672: 1666: 1662: 1655: 1640: 1636: 1629: 1621: 1620: 1612: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1577: 1570: 1554: 1548: 1540: 1538:9781317810568 1534: 1530: 1529: 1521: 1519: 1510: 1509: 1502: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1480: 1476: 1475: 1467: 1460: 1459: 1452: 1444: 1443: 1435: 1427: 1421: 1416: 1415: 1406: 1398: 1397: 1389: 1381: 1375: 1371: 1370: 1362: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1332: 1316: 1312: 1306: 1304: 1295: 1289: 1273: 1269: 1262: 1255: 1254:The G.I. Bill 1249: 1243:(2009) p xiii 1242: 1236: 1229: 1228:The G.I. Bill 1223: 1217:(2013) p xiii 1216: 1213:David Ortiz, 1210: 1203: 1197: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1167: 1160: 1154: 1145: 1139:Stanley, 2003 1136: 1127: 1121:(2009) p. 118 1120: 1114: 1107: 1101: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1079: 1075: 1074: 1066: 1064: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1041: 1037: 1036: 1028: 1021: 1015: 1008: 1002: 998: 991: 988: 980: 977: 933: 929: 922: 916: 889: 882: 878: 860: 857: 851: 845: 839: 833: 827: 821: 815: 806: 798: 790: 785: 775: 766: 757: 748: 745: 741: 737: 734: 732: 728: 724: 718: 714: 711: 709: 705: 700: 698: 694: 688: 678: 669: 665: 662: 652: 645: 642: 639: 636: 633: 632: 626: 620:Top-up option 617: 614: 607: 604: 601: 600: 599: 595: 586: 582: 573: 571: 567: 557: 554: 550: 542: 540: 536: 525: 523: 515: 512: 509: 506: 503: 500: 497: 494: 491: 488: 485: 482: 479: 476: 473: 470: 468:$ 190,941,289 467: 464: 463: 462: 459: 457: 447: 445: 441: 431: 427: 425: 420: 418: 417:baccalaureate 412: 408: 406: 402: 398: 395: 380: 372: 370: 366: 356: 352: 350: 346: 342: 341:Jim Crow laws 338: 333: 330: 326: 323: 318: 310: 306: 304: 300: 296: 293:U.S. Senator 291: 289: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 260: 259: 258: 256: 248: 244: 239: 230: 228: 224: 219: 217: 213: 204: 200: 196: 194: 190: 186: 182: 177: 175: 171: 167: 162: 160: 156: 152: 148: 135: 132:by President 131: 128: 127: 124: 119: 116: 112: 108: 106: 100: 97: 90: 85: 81: 76: 73: 69: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 45: 41: 36: 30: 26: 22: 4798: 4789: 4782: 4771:(family dog) 4765:(family dog) 4660: 4652: 4644: 4636: 4629:Warm Springs 4628: 4620: 4612: 4604: 4598: 4590: 4582: 4574:1937 musical 4571: 4554: 4546: 4534: 4526: 4466:Bibliography 4278:Other events 4169:Presidential 4155:Europe first 4029:Presidential 4004:Official car 3927: 3918:Roerich Pact 3907: 3512: 3511: 3486: 3485: 3473: 3466: 3442: 3438: 3430: 3423: 3415:(Lexington: 3412: 3399: 3392: 3382: 3368: 3361: 3346:. Harcourt. 3341: 3331: 3324: 3317: 3307: 3300: 3293: 3286: 3268: 3259: 3247:. Retrieved 3243: 3234: 3222:. Retrieved 3209: 3197:. Retrieved 3187: 3161:. Retrieved 3157:the original 3146: 3120:. Retrieved 3116:the original 3105: 3079:. Retrieved 3075:the original 3064: 3038:. Retrieved 3034:the original 3023: 3010:. Retrieved 3006:the original 2996: 2984:. Retrieved 2974: 2962:. Retrieved 2958:the original 2948: 2940:the original 2935: 2926: 2900:. Retrieved 2896:the original 2885: 2859:. Retrieved 2855:the original 2844: 2832:. Retrieved 2828:the original 2818: 2792:. Retrieved 2788:the original 2777: 2765:. Retrieved 2761:the original 2751: 2725:. Retrieved 2721:the original 2710: 2698:. Retrieved 2694:the original 2684: 2658:. Retrieved 2654:the original 2643: 2631:. Retrieved 2627:the original 2617: 2605:. Retrieved 2560:. Retrieved 2556:the original 2545: 2533:. Retrieved 2529:the original 2519: 2510: 2501: 2492: 2483: 2474: 2465: 2453:. 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