541:
536:
robbers into their realm," is
Derzhavin spoken of as "a fanatical enemy of Jews," a great Anti-Semite. He is accused - though unjustly, as we have seen – of "imputing the drunkenness and poverty of the White Russian peasant exclusively to the Jews," and his "positive measures" were characterized as given without evidence, to serve his personal ambition. But that he was in no wise prejudiced against the Jews, is indicated in that (1) his whole Memorandum emerged in 1800 in response to the actual misery and hunger of the peasants, (2) the goal was to do well by both the White Russian peasant and the Jews, (3) he distinguished them economically and (4) his desire was to orient the Jews toward a real productive activity, of whom, as Catherine planned, a part first and foremost was supposed to have been relocated in territories that were not closed.
54:
170:
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owned half the land in Sokury, which
Gavrila inherited along with other estates in Laishevsky. However, they provided very little income and the neighbors continued to encroach on their lands, flooding their estates or simply seizing land for themselves. His mother, a penniless widow with no powerful relatives, was unable to get any redress in the courts and was snubbed by judges. Derzhavin later wrote that his "mother's suffering from injustice remained eternally etched on his heart." Nevertheless, his mother was able to hire two tutors to teach her sons geometry and arithmetic.
142:
613:
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officers at age 20. Nobility unable to send their children to one of the three educational institutions were given a waiver to educate their children at home, but the children were given examinations at 7, 12 and 16 to inspect their progress. Known as
Ganyushka, Gavrilo's education began at age 3 when he was taught to read and write by local churchmen (as his mother was essentially illiterate). When he was 8, the family was sent to
407:
560:, "Derzhavin's poetry is a universe of amazing richness; its only drawback was that the great poet was of no use either as a master or as an example. He did nothing to raise the level of literary taste or to improve the literary language, and as for his poetical flights, it was obviously impossible to follow him into those giddy spheres." Nevertheless,
263:, but over time they were divided, sold or mortgaged. By the time Gavrila Derzhavin's father, Roman Nikolayevich Derzhavin, was born in 1706, he stood to inherit only a few parcels of land, occupied by few peasants. Roman joined the military and in 1742, at age 36, he married a widowed distant relative Fyokla Andreyevna Gorina (
309:
As members of the nobility, albeit minor, the
Derzhavins were required to educate their children, but options were limited given their poverty and the few educational institutions in Russia at the time. Male members of the nobility were expected to enter government roles as civil servants or military
314:
near present-day
Kazakhstan. The Russian Empire, eager to extend its reach, sent convicts to Orenburg to construct the city. A German named Joseph Rose opened a co-ed school to instruct the children of the nobility. Rose, in addition to being a criminal, had no formal education and was only able to
271:
Derzhavin was born nearly nine months after his parents were wed, but the location of his birth remains a point of dispute. Derzhavin considered himself a native of Kazan — which proudly proclaims itself as the city of his birth — but he was possibly born at one of his family's estates in Sokury or
338:
In 1758, a new school opened in Kazan, saving his mother the difficulty of sending him to Saint
Petersburg. The grammar school offered instruction in Latin, French, German, and arithmetic, as well as dancing, fencing and music. The instruction quality was still poor overall, with no textbooks. The
535:
Because of all his observations in White Russia, and of his conclusion, and of all he wrote in the
Memorandum, and especially because of all these lines, and probably also because he "praised the keen vision of the great Russian monarchs … which forbade the immigration and travel of these clever
428:
Unlike other
Classicist poets, Derzhavin found delight in carefully chosen details, such as a colour of wallpaper in his bedroom or a poetic inventory of his daily meal. He believed that French was a language of harmony but that Russian was a language of conflict. Although he relished harmonious
334:
to register his son for future enlistment as required. However, he was delayed in Moscow until early
January; by the time he received his discharge, he had no money to continue the journey to Saint Petersburg. They were forced to return to Kazan, where his father died later that year. His father
540:
171:
425:, and many a time would fill an ode with elegiac, humorous, or satiric contents. In his grand ode to the Empress, for instance, he mentions searching for fleas in his wife's hair and compares his own poetry with lemonade.
276:. The Laishevsky District is informally known as the Derzhavinsky District because of its association with Derzhavin. He was named Gavriil (Russian for Gabriel), as his birth was 10 days before the Synaxis of the
267:
Kozlova). She was from a similar background and also possessed a few scattered estates. The estates were the source of constant lawsuits, fights and feuds with neighbors, sometimes extending into violence.
498:, Derzhavin blamed Belarusian famines on the "mercenary trades" of Jews, who exploited peasants through leaseholding of estates and distilling of alcohol, as well as the indifference of the local
347:. Derzhavin eventually excelled in geometry and was informed he would be joining the corps of engineers in Saint Petersburg. However, a bureaucratic mistake led to him being made a private in the
502:
who allowed this exploitation to occur. In response to these issues, Derzhavin proposed a series of reforms to substantially restrict the freedoms of the magnates, abolish the Jewish
1095:
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280:, celebrated on 13 July in Slavic Orthodoxy. He was a sickly child, and his parents followed the traditional practice of the era and "baked the baby" (
444:
53:
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When
Gavrila was 10, the Derzhavins moved back to their estates in Kazan after two years in Orenburg. In the fall of 1753, he made his first trip to
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has been reprinted by Oriental Research Partners (Newtonville, MA) in 1973 with a new introduction by Prof. Richard Wortman, University of Chicago.
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375:(1785), personal secretary to the Empress (1791), President of the College of Commerce (1794), and finally the Minister of Justice (1802).
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234:. Bagrim was rewarded with lands for his service to the prince, and from him descended noble families of Narbekov, Akinfov and Keglev (or
367:. Politically astute, his career advanced when he left the military service for civil service. He rose to the position of governor of
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He was dismissed from his post in 1803 and spent much of the rest of his life in the country estate at Zvanka near
255:" or "power"), was the patriarch of the Derzhavin family. The Derzhavins once held profitable estates along the
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988:
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In Saint Petersburg, Derzhavin rose from the ranks as a common soldier to the highest offices of state under
20:
455:" (1785), which was translated into many European languages; "Waterfall" (1794), occasioned by the death of
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professed to follow Derzhavin rather than Pushkin, and Derzhavin's line of broken rhythms was continued by
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421:, dedicated to the Empress and other courtiers. He paid little attention to the prevailing system of
508:, end the autonomy of the Russian Jewish community, and resettle Russian Jews in colonies along the
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983:. Derzhavin. Berlin, 1931 - a literary masterpiece in its own right. (published in English as
176:; 14 July 1743 – 20 July 1816) was one of the most highly esteemed Russian poets before
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Luba Golburt, "Derzhavin's monuments: Sculpture, Poetry, and the Materiality of History"
531:, disputed the allegation of antisemitism taken from the Jewish Encyclopedia responding:
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184:, his best verse is rich with antitheses and conflicting sounds in a way reminiscent of
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180:, as well as a statesman. Although his works are traditionally considered literary
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81:
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Russia Gathers Her Jews: The Origins of the "Jewish Question" in Russia, 1772-1825
520:, who eventually implemented several of Derzhavin's suggested reforms in the 1804
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301:. Two more children were born, a boy and a girl, although the latter died young.
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Aleksandr Sozhenitsyn, Two Hundred Years Together: history of the Jews in Russia
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386:. At his Saint Petersburg house, he held monthly meetings of the conservative
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Heart of a lion, wings of an eagle are no longer with us! – How can we fight?
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286:) — an ancient ceremony in which sickly or premature babies are placed on a
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Russian Nationalism from an Interdisciplinary Perspective: Imagining Russia
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school also offered opportunities for the students to perform tragedies by
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892:. Dekalb, Illinois: Northern Illinois University Press. pp. 95–115.
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977:. Life of Derzhavin. SPb, 1883 - great biography by a first-rank scholar
209:
into a landed family of impoverished Russian nobility. His 15th-century
627:
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24:
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became an influential source of information during the early reign of
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Acrostic - How Mighty Time Strives Like A River (English Translation)
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in the 20th century. The name of Gavrila Derzhavin was assigned to
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604:(Львиного сердца, крыльев орлиных нет теперь с нами. Что воевать?
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Lvinogo serdtsa, krylyev orlinykh net teper s nami. Chto voyevat?
474:. He also provided lyrics for the first Russian national anthem,
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805:"Так где же родился Гавриил Державин? | Республика Татарстан"
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Where used to be a table full of viands, a coffin now stands
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A member of the Narbekov family, who received the nickname
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529:
Two Hundred Years Together: history of the Jews in Russia
418:
547:
commemorating the 250th anniversary of Derzhavin's birth
433:, sometimes he deliberately instrumented his verse with
451:(1779); the playful "Ode to Felica" (1782); the lofty "
259:, about 25 miles (40 km) from the capital city of
686:
663:
And not avoid the common pyre... <lines broken>
470:(1800), a poignant elegy on the death of his friend
592:I'm a czar - I'm a slave - I'm a worm - I'm a god
1052:
635:Lines found at Derzhavin's table after his death
1096:People from the Russian Empire of Tatar descent
746:. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 5–7.
522:Statute Concerning the Organization of the Jews
390:society. He died in 1816 and was buried in the
621:reciting his poem before old Derzhavin in the
1086:Members of the State Council (Russian Empire)
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855:Gender and Sexuality in Russian Civilisation
482:In 1800, Derzhavin wrote the political work
394:near Zvanka, reburied by the Soviets in the
290:and put in and out of the oven three times.
1047:13, Summer 2005, retrieved 23 October 2006.
772:
770:
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440:Derzhavin's major odes were the impeccable
363:. He first impressed his commanders during
713:
660:It too will disappear into the maw of time
326:. Roman Derzhavin, who was suffering from
52:
165:[ɡɐˈvrilərɐˈmanəvʲɪtɕdʲɪrˈʐavʲɪn]
1018:Collection of Poems by Gavrila Derzhavin
767:
611:
594:(Я - царь, я - раб, я - червь, я - бог.
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200:
156:Гаврии́л (Гаври́ла) Рома́нович Держа́вин
1076:Justice ministers of the Russian Empire
928:. Northwestern University Press, 1999.
596:Ya tsar, - ya rab, - ya cherv, - ya bog
1053:
802:
649:All peoples, kingdoms and their kings.
351:, the bodyguards of the royal family.
293:Derzhavin's father was transferred to
151:Gavriil (Gavrila) Romanovich Derzhavin
1009:Works by Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin
885:
851:
654:And if there's something that remains
417:Derzhavin is best remembered for his
410:Posthumous engraving of Derzhavin by
163:
584:(Где стол был яств, там гроб стоит.
527:Aleksandr Sozhenitsyn in his book -
486:in response to a request by Emperor
442:"On the Death of Prince Meschersky"
13:
968:
693:Daniel Rancour-Laferriere (2000).
586:Gde stol byl yastv, tam grob stoit
575:
14:
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833:(in Russian). Visit-Tatarstan.com
490:to investigate recent famines in
477:Let the thunder of victory sound!
398:, and then reinterred at Khutyn.
657:Through sounds of horn and lyre,
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926:A History of Russian Literature
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699:. E. Mellen Press. p. 90.
1081:Members of the Russian Academy
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643:Will carry off all human deeds
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1071:Poets from the Russian Empire
989:University of Wisconsin Press
858:. Routledge. pp. 94–95.
315:instruct the children in the
21:Eastern Slavic naming customs
803:Frolov, Yuri (8 July 2003).
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304:
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70:Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin
46:Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin
7:
809:Gazeta Respublika Tatarstan
640:The current of Time's river
10:
1112:
778:"Сокуры: красота на земле"
545:1993 Russian 1 rouble coin
388:Lovers of the Russian Word
205:Derzhavin was born in the
19:In this name that follows
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1045:Toronto Slavic Quarterly
852:Barta, Peter I. (2013).
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16:Russian poet (1743–1816)
831:"Родина Г.Р. Державина"
570:Tambov State University
349:Preobrazhensky Regiment
1020:(English Translations)
743:Derzhavin: A Biography
738:Khodasevich, Vladislav
646:And sink into oblivion
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681:Derzhavin's biography
623:Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum
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382:, writing idylls and
283:«перепекание ребенка»
219:Bagrim, converted to
201:Early life and family
60:Vladimir Borovikovsky
58:Gavrila Derzhavin by
1024:Illustrated timeline
886:Klier, John (1986).
365:Pugachev's Rebellion
107:Novgorod Governorate
782:Kazanskie Vedemosti
492:Mogilev Governorate
361:Catherine the Great
345:Alexander Sumarokov
1091:Writers from Kazan
1029:2010-06-20 at the
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626:(1911 painting by
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466:2007-10-18 at the
447:2007-10-18 at the
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248:Держа́ва; Дрьжа́ва
190:metaphysical poets
1013:Project Gutenberg
981:V. F. Khodasevich
706:978-0-7734-7671-4
384:anacreontic verse
278:Archangel Gabriel
274:Laishevsky County
207:Kazan Governorate
178:Alexander Pushkin
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86:Kazan Governorate
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457:Prince Potemkin
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869:. Retrieved
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835:. Retrieved
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257:Myosha River
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229:Grand Prince
221:Christianity
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101:(1816-07-20)
99:20 July 1816
79:14 July 1743
36:
28:
1066:1816 deaths
1061:1743 births
995:His memoir
922:D.S. Mirsky
558:D.S. Mirsky
518:Alexander I
461:"Bullfinch"
435:cacophonous
371:(1784) and
328:consumption
33:family name
1055:Categories
975:Y. K. Grot
957:2019-11-08
936:. Page 53.
871:11 January
837:11 January
815:11 January
788:11 January
759:11 January
628:Ilya Repin
288:bread peel
188:and other
186:John Donne
182:classicism
117:Occupation
75:1743-07-14
29:Romanovich
25:patronymic
985:Derzhavin
947:"History"
552:Influence
510:Black Sea
494:. In the
305:Education
299:Stavropol
297:and then
232:Vasily II
213:ancestor
196:Biography
135:Signature
37:Derzhavin
1027:Archived
991:in 2007)
740:(2007).
500:magnates
464:Archived
445:Archived
437:effect.
380:Novgorod
312:Orenburg
243:Derzhava
997:Zapiski
619:Pushkin
514:Opinion
496:Opinion
484:Opinion
472:Suvorov
369:Olonets
341:Molière
295:Yaransk
932:
896:
862:
750:
703:
512:. The
488:Paul I
459:; and
423:genres
373:Tambov
355:Career
324:Moscow
236:Teglev
225:vassal
125:Period
23:, the
668:Notes
505:Qahal
402:Works
261:Kazan
216:Morza
211:Tatar
930:ISBN
894:ISBN
873:2018
860:ISBN
839:2018
817:2018
790:2018
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