34:
188:“The word memorandum come from the Latin, from the verb remind in Latin (memorare). For the decade 1540 meant the note itself. This word was introduced in Spain in the year 1824. This type of document is usually use in the business world, or official documents. The items for do this document are the next: This document must be brief, the information that you want to transmit must be clear and concise, it’s don´t need request. Finally, when writing a memo, it is necessary to identify the sender and the receiver, to identify the subject matter. Add the place where it was written and the date.”
197:
situation than he might otherwise have made without the analysis”. Other purposes that the briefing note can serve include: conveying information; informing decisions, making a request, providing a response to a question, making a suggestion, presenting an informal report, proposing a solution to a problem, or documenting a reference for future use. Memorandums can be used to make brief appeals or give suggestions. These actions in a brief paper can help significantly expedite business actions to make a positive impact in an organization.
206:
briefing note includes a description of the proposed policy; relevant background information; a discussion of key considerations (including implementation concerns, financial considerations, stakeholder impacts, and possible unanticipated consequences), a summary of arguments for and against the policy and a recommended decision. Policy documents that start with a proposal and assemble an argument for that position are more accurately referred to as a government
244:
professionally and respectfully. It is common to also see briefing notes with numbered paragraphs, in order to create an efficient and well-organized paper. Since entering the digital age, signatures are not commonly seen at the end of a memo. However, when a briefing note was handwritten in earlier years, they typically included a signature. Today it is still acceptable to sign or initial a memo if the writer wishes to.
222:
memo. Context is then added to the document, followed by a section of specific actions. Examples could include "You asked that I look at...." or "To determine the best method of promoting the new fall line, I will....". Actions are followed by discussion, which is typically the longest part of a memo, before concluding the message.
230:
There is no universal standard for a briefing note, but it is generally understood to be a concise, coherent summary of a public policy problem with a clearly articulated logic for following a recommended course of action. ”Next to a political nose, and a logical brain, the most important skill of
221:
A memo's concise format is relatively standardized in order to create accessibility to any reader. They open with a heading including a "to," "from," "date," and "subject". A break in the text would then be followed by an opening paragraph, which would more than likely describe the purpose of the
205:
As the communication mechanism of the policy analysis process, the briefing note should provide a coherent synopsis of a policy problem, identify different policy options for addressing the problem, articulate opposing perspectives and advocate a recommended option. The typical structure for a
196:
There are many important purposes of a memorandum. Bringing notice to problems, and helping to solve a problem through clear and concise communication are two. Memos support decision making and to “help (or sometimes influence) a decision-maker to make a better decision in a particular problem
243:
In addition to keeping a proper memo concise and easily comprehensible, there are a few other important features. The style and tone of a memo should always be kept professional, no matter who the audience may be. This etiquette ensures that no matter who reads the message, it is presented
239:
perspective. However, the briefing note “for decision” must contain a recommendation, acknowledging that “to say anything of importance in public policy requires value judgments, which must be explained and justified”.
95:, these messages are usually brief and are designed to be easily and quickly understood. Memos can thus communicate important information efficiently in order to make dynamic and effective changes.
458:
141:(alternatively referred to in various jurisdictions and governing traditions as policy issues paper, policy memoranda, or cabinet submission amongst other terms), a document for transmitting
501:
231:
the good treasury resides in fine drafting hand. The concise, coherent and penetrating note is the final expression of all other talents.” In many governance settings based on the
129:
or a senior executive, the format might be rigidly defined and limited to one or two pages. If the recipient is a colleague, the formatting requirements are usually more flexible.
381:
450:
493:
318:
647:
702:
373:
157:
The origins of the term “briefing” lie in legal “briefs” and the derivative “military briefings”. The plural form of the Latin noun
600:
553:
214:
which raises a policy option and is meant to open a dialogue on the proposal is more similar in tone to a briefing note than is a
692:
417:
696:
522:
425:
46:
293:
754:
278:
103:
20:
273:
125:. Memorandum formatting may vary by office or institution. For example, if the intended recipient is a
121:
Other memorandum formats include briefing notes, reports, letters, and binders. They may be considered
712:
268:
111:
675:
628:
581:
759:
734:
436:
Simpson, J.A. and E.S.C. Weiner (ed.) 1989. Oxford
English Dictionary. 2nd ed. OED Online. Oxford:
33:
749:
437:
288:
263:
149:
sphere. Typically, a briefing note may be denoted as either “for information” or “for decision”.
107:
235:, policy analysts are expected to analyze the issue and write the briefing note from a neutral
643:
662:
615:
568:
535:
126:
102:, a memorandum is a record of the terms of a transaction or contract, such as a policy memo,
27:
534:
Majone, G. 1989. Evidence, Argument, and
Persuasion in the Policy Process. New Haven, CT:
8:
354:
739:
596:
549:
232:
165:, but if the word is deemed to have become a word of the English language, the plural
706:
421:
521:
Heclo, H. and Rahul Vaidya 1974. The
Private Government of Public Money. Berkeley:
253:
174:
115:
114:. In business, a memo is typically used by firms for internal communication, while
258:
146:
142:
122:
744:
718:
336:
728:
413:
405:
236:
87:
42:
298:
215:
211:
207:
38:
401:
178:
283:
26:"Memoranda" redirects here. For the information manager software, see
479:
182:
83:
80:
641:
69:
478:
Quade, E.S. 1975. Analysis for public decisions. New York:
86:
that is typically used in a professional setting. Commonly
99:
75:, "(that) which is to be remembered"), also known as a
16:
Written message, typically in a professional setting
726:
594:
547:
642:Smithsonian Institution Archives (2011-11-17).
451:"Audience and Purpose // Purdue Writing Lab"
374:"General Introduction // Purdue Writing Lab"
118:are typically for external communication.
32:
494:"Parts of a Memo // Purdue Writing Lab"
132:
727:
137:A specific type of memorandum is the
225:
57:
13:
152:
41:staff member during the tenure of
14:
771:
719:Classic Format of a Briefing Note
686:
410:The Elements of Technical Writing
697:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
705:, Memorandum Writing, Patrick,
650:from the original on 2022-04-10
635:
603:from the original on 2021-04-22
595:Salina Saharudin (2009-07-17).
588:
556:from the original on 2021-04-22
548:Salina Saharudin (2009-07-17).
541:
528:
515:
504:from the original on 2021-10-18
491:
461:from the original on 2021-09-22
448:
384:from the original on 2021-10-26
371:
523:University of California Press
485:
472:
442:
430:
395:
365:
347:
329:
311:
1:
304:
294:Private Placement Memorandum
200:
7:
713:How to Write Briefing Notes
279:Memorandum of understanding
247:
104:memorandum of understanding
21:Memorandum (disambiguation)
10:
776:
274:Memorandum of conversation
191:
25:
18:
269:Memorandum of association
173:, may be used. (See also
112:memorandum of association
319:"memorandums; memoranda"
644:"Evolution of the Memo"
438:Oxford University Press
289:Presidential memorandum
264:Memorandum of agreement
161:so derived is properly
108:memorandum of agreement
721:, Parkinson, Robert B.
715:, Parkinson, Robert B.
695:, The Writing Center:
670:Cite journal requires
623:Cite journal requires
576:Cite journal requires
49:
536:Yale University Press
492:Lab, Purdue Writing.
449:Lab, Purdue Writing.
372:Lab, Purdue Writing.
36:
139:policy briefing note
133:Policy briefing note
28:Memoranda (software)
19:For other uses, see
359:merriam-webster.com
323:oxfordreference.com
145:into the political
755:Business documents
498:Purdue Writing Lab
455:Purdue Writing Lab
378:Purdue Writing Lab
233:Westminster system
50:
37:Memo written by a
707:Richard F. Elmore
169:, abbreviated to
767:
709:, Laurie Werner.
680:
679:
673:
668:
666:
658:
656:
655:
639:
633:
632:
626:
621:
619:
611:
609:
608:
597:"The Memorandum"
592:
586:
585:
579:
574:
572:
564:
562:
561:
550:"The Memorandum"
545:
539:
532:
526:
519:
513:
512:
510:
509:
489:
483:
476:
470:
469:
467:
466:
446:
440:
434:
428:
399:
393:
392:
390:
389:
369:
363:
362:
351:
345:
344:
333:
327:
326:
315:
254:Bench memorandum
226:Quality criteria
127:cabinet minister
59:
775:
774:
770:
769:
768:
766:
765:
764:
760:Grey literature
735:Legal documents
725:
724:
689:
684:
683:
671:
669:
660:
659:
653:
651:
640:
636:
624:
622:
613:
612:
606:
604:
593:
589:
577:
575:
566:
565:
559:
557:
546:
542:
533:
529:
520:
516:
507:
505:
490:
486:
477:
473:
464:
462:
447:
443:
435:
431:
400:
396:
387:
385:
370:
366:
353:
352:
348:
335:
334:
330:
317:
316:
312:
307:
259:Grey literature
250:
228:
210:. A government
203:
194:
155:
153:Origins of term
147:decision making
143:policy analysis
135:
123:grey literature
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
773:
763:
762:
757:
752:
750:Business terms
747:
742:
737:
723:
722:
716:
710:
703:Washington.edu
700:
688:
687:External links
685:
682:
681:
672:|journal=
634:
625:|journal=
587:
578:|journal=
540:
527:
514:
484:
471:
441:
429:
394:
364:
346:
341:dictionary.com
328:
309:
308:
306:
303:
302:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
249:
246:
227:
224:
202:
199:
193:
190:
154:
151:
134:
131:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
772:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
732:
730:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
704:
701:
698:
694:
691:
690:
677:
664:
649:
645:
638:
630:
617:
602:
598:
591:
583:
570:
555:
551:
544:
537:
531:
524:
518:
503:
499:
495:
488:
481:
475:
460:
456:
452:
445:
439:
433:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
406:Robert W. Bly
403:
398:
383:
379:
375:
368:
360:
356:
350:
342:
338:
332:
324:
320:
314:
310:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
251:
245:
241:
238:
237:civil service
234:
223:
219:
217:
213:
209:
198:
189:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
150:
148:
144:
140:
130:
128:
124:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
96:
94:
93:
89:
85:
82:
78:
77:briefing note
74:
71:
67:
63:
55:
48:
44:
40:
35:
29:
22:
663:cite journal
652:. Retrieved
637:
616:cite journal
605:. Retrieved
590:
569:cite journal
558:. Retrieved
543:
530:
517:
506:. Retrieved
497:
487:
474:
463:. Retrieved
454:
444:
432:
409:
397:
386:. Retrieved
377:
367:
358:
355:"memorandum"
349:
340:
337:"memorandum"
331:
322:
313:
242:
229:
220:
204:
195:
187:
170:
166:
162:
158:
156:
138:
136:
120:
97:
91:
90:
76:
72:
65:
61:
53:
51:
47:US president
43:Jimmy Carter
412:, pg. 113.
299:Note taking
216:white paper
212:green paper
208:white paper
167:memorandums
88:abbreviated
68:; from the
62:memorandums
39:White House
729:Categories
654:2021-09-22
607:2021-09-22
560:2021-09-22
508:2021-09-22
465:2021-09-22
426:0020130856
418:Publishers
402:Gary Blake
388:2021-09-22
305:References
179:Corrigenda
159:memorandum
73:memorandum
54:memorandum
740:Memoranda
201:Structure
163:memoranda
66:memoranda
648:Archived
601:Archived
554:Archived
502:Archived
480:Elsevier
459:Archived
420:, 1993.
414:New York
382:Archived
248:See also
693:RPI.edu
538:. p. 21
525:, p. 58
482:. p. 13
361:. 2024.
343:. 2024.
325:. 2024.
284:MĂ©moire
192:Purpose
183:Addenda
116:letters
84:message
81:written
79:, is a
424:
175:Agenda
745:Email
171:memos
110:, or
70:Latin
676:help
629:help
582:help
422:ISBN
404:and
92:memo
185:).
100:law
98:In
64:or
58:pl.
45:as
731::
667::
665:}}
661:{{
646:.
620::
618:}}
614:{{
599:.
573::
571:}}
567:{{
552:.
500:.
496:.
457:.
453:.
416::
408:,
380:.
376:.
357:.
339:.
321:.
218:.
181:,
177:,
106:,
60::
52:A
699:.
678:)
674:(
657:.
631:)
627:(
610:.
584:)
580:(
563:.
511:.
468:.
391:.
56:(
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
