848:(civilian and military), apparently without much external supervision. As of July 2023, "goods have also entered Gaza regularly from Egypt, via the Rafah crossing, controlled by the Egyptian authorities, and then through the adjacent Salah Ad Din Gate, controlled by the local authorities." Since 2018, the Salah Ad-Din Gate has seen a steady growth in traffic, so that in 2022/2023, over 50% of the construction materials, 25% of the food and c. 40% of non-food items entered the Strip through Salah Ad-Din Gate crossing. In 2023, c. 36% of the total imports to the Strip arrived through the Gate.
623:
22:
510:
844:), since February 2018 a secondary commercial border crossing 4 km northwest of Rafah Crossing, and named after Salah al-Din Road, the Strip's main north-south thoroughfare. Before 2018, the gate allowed two-way humanitarian access for Gaza and Sinai residents, but didn't serve commercial purposes. It was repurposed in 2018, when Hamas militants manned the Gaza side and taxed incoming cargo, which included goods with controversial
734:
582:, consisting of airstrikes and ground incursions against targets in the Gaza Strip, with the stated aim of stopping the rocket fire from and arms smuggling into the territory. The war ended on 18 January 2009, when both sides ceased military action. Israel completed its withdrawal on 21 January, and thousands of rockets and mortars have been fired from the Gaza Strip since.
498:, it was agreed that "the security fence erected by Israel around the Gaza Strip shall remain in place and that the line demarcated by the fence, as shown on the map, shall be authoritative only for the purpose of the Agreement" (i.e. the barrier does not necessarily constitute the border). The initial barrier was completed in 1996.
604:, adding: "It is the Egyptians’ sovereign right in their own country. Legitimate supplies should be brought through the legal crossings", although he made no such comment towards Israel's sovereign rights. The United States announced its support for the Egypt-Gaza barrier saying it would prevent weapons smuggling. Cairo's main
1112:
750:
nationals or international aid officials only, and is closed to tourists. Palestinians who have a permit to work in Israel or those with permits allowing them to receive free medical treatment or to visit immediate family who are in prisons may use this crossing when it is open for pedestrian travel.
1048:
Use of the Rafah crossing will be restricted to
Palestinian ID card holders ... Travelers, including returning residents, may use the crossing point to bring in personal effects as defined in Rule 1(e) to Heading 7 of the Annex to the prevailing Customs Tariff. Any other personal belongings or other
972:
Use of the Rafah crossing will be restricted to
Palestinian ID card holders ... Travelers, including returning residents, may use the crossing point to bring in personal effects as defined in Rule 1(e) to Heading 7 of the Annex to the prevailing Customs Tariff. Any other personal belongings or other
462:
from the Gaza Strip, along with thousands of
Israeli settlers. Israel thus claims to have ended the occupation. However, this claim has been challenged on the basis that Israel continues to exercise control over Gaza's territorial waters and airspace, despite Gaza not being part of Israel and Gazans
794:
between Israel and Egypt is an additional nearby option. It is connected by road to Sinai and the town of El Arish, which in turn connects to Gaza via the
Egyptian border crossings. During the 2023 war, aid trucks entered the Strip via El Arish, Nitzana, where the contents were inspected by Israel,
754:
Though 5,000 Palestinians are permitted to use the Erez
Crossing to go to their places of work inside Israel, the crossing was frequently closed by the Israeli authorities, impeding their ability to get to work. Additionally, the permits issued have not always been honoured by soldiers, who in some
667:
In response to the large number of tunnels being dug, which could be used for infiltration by militants, in mid-2017, Israel began construction of an underground border wall several meters in depth along the entire 40-km length of the border. The wall is equipped with sensors that can detect tunnel
411:
A fence along the border was first constructed by Israel in 1971 as a security barrier, and has been rebuilt and upgraded since. It was constructed by Israel to control the movement of people as well as goods between the Gaza Strip and Israel, which it could not achieve by normal border crossings.
563:
from entering Israel from Gaza. Since 1996, virtually all suicide bombers trying to leave Gaza have detonated their charges at the barrier's crossing points and were stopped while trying to cross the barrier elsewhere. From 1994 until 2004 a suicide bomber originating from within the Gaza Strip
501:
Before the 2005 disengagement
Israeli military maintained a one-kilometer buffer zone within Gaza along the border wall which prevented the militants to approach the border, sometimes with gunfire. After the IDF withdrawal the border became easily reachable by the Palestinians. Therefore Israel
633:
Because of the effectiveness of the barrier in stopping infiltration of Israel by militants, they adopted a strategy of digging tunnels under the barrier. On 25 June 2006, Palestinians used an 800-metre tunnel dug over a period of months to infiltrate Israel. They attacked a patrolling
Israeli
1116:
545:
in
September 2000, followed by many terror attacks. The barrier was rebuilt between December 2000 and June 2001. A one-kilometer buffer zone was added, in addition to new high technology observation posts. Soldiers were also given new rules of engagement, which, according to
521:
Overall, the first barrier is a barbed-wire fence without sensors. The second barrier codenamed
Hoovers A is 20 meters off and consist of a road and a fence with sensors. These existed before 2005. A new element is a 70-150 meter wide buffer zone codenamed Hoovers B with
505:
It includes a 7-meter wall with sensors, remote-control machine guns and barbed wire in the three areas where the border runs adjacent to
Israeli settlements. The land taken from the corresponding kibbutzim was compensated for, with some controversies.
741:
The Erez or Beit Hanoun Crossing is the only one open for people. A pedestrian and cargo crossing into Israel, it is located in northern Gaza. The crossing is currently restricted to Arab residents under the jurisdiction of the
671:
In October 2020, sensors in the underground structure identified a Hamas tunnel. An Israeli military official called the tunnel "The most significant tunnel we have seen to date, both in terms of depth and infrastructure".
770:) was used by a convoy of six trucks taking humanitarian aid to northern Gaza under IDF protection. Gate 96 is slowly becoming a fixture during the war allowing aid to reach Gaza City directly, be it on a minor scale.
1113:"יאיר אסולין עומד על המחיר הנפשי של חברה החיה כל העת בהעצמתו ולכן בצלו של "קיר הברזל". חברה שבמרכזה המאבק המתמיד להישרדות סופה לשלם מחיר פנימי בפתיחותה ובהתפתחותה; במושגיו של ז'בוטינסקי היא תשאר עם הכורח אך ללא משחק"
653:, Israel encountered Hamas militants who popped out of tunnels into Israel and attacked soldiers along the border. After the war, Israel located and destroyed 32 tunnels. In 2018, Israel destroyed three new tunnels.
474:
is the other): on the Israeli side GDP per capita is $ 55,000 and population density is low, while on the Palestinian side, the GDP per capita is $ 1,250 and population density is among the highest in the world.
641:
Between January and October 2013, three other tunnels were identified – two of which were packed with explosives. The discovery of similarly constructed tunnels in other parts of the world have led to updated
526:
in the ground and surrounded by a new sensor-equipped fence with watchtowers every 2 kilometers, equipped with remote-control machine guns instead of soldiers, which could be targets of Palestinian snipers.
916:
115:
552:, allow soldiers to fire at anyone seen crawling there at night illegally into Israeli territory. Palestinians attempting to cross the barrier into Israel by stealth have been shot and killed.
1324:
608:
officially backed the government's decision for an Egypt-Gaza barrier saying that it was the "state's right to build along its walls facilities and obstacles that will enhance its security."
419:, though it is limited to the crossing of people; as per Israel's demand, any cargo or goods that are to enter Gaza must go through Israel, usually through the Kerem Shalom border crossing.
1655:
IDF blames Hamas for ‘terror tunnel’ from Gaza to Israel Defense minister halts transfer of construction supplies to the Strip after 500 tons of cement used to construct underground passage
1407:
2072:
1979:
1866:
2149:
1892:
758:
On 7 October 2023, Erez Crossing was attacked and destroyed by Hamas. It remained closed until 1 May 2024, when it was reopened for aid transports heading into Gaza.
1696:
495:
994:
1947:
837:
405:
662:
699:
As of 2023, there were two open border crossings with Israel, with an additional option via an Israel–Egypt crossing. During the war ensuing from the
2188:
902:
1754:
1332:
482:
will result in a more diabolical state of affairs not for the Gazans but for the Israeli society itself as it may never look past such metaphorical
1299:
502:
launched the construction of the enhanced security system along the Gaza border, estimated to cost $ 220 million and to be completed in mid-2006.
1130:
2040:
1415:
1491:
2045:
683:
From the Palestinian perspective, the crossings are crucial to the economy of the Gaza Strip and to the daily needs of the population. Chief
1797:
617:
494:
Israel started construction of the first 60 kilometers (37 mi) long barrier along its border with the Gaza Strip in 1994. In the 1994
930:
1721:
272:
220:
1844:
1039:
963:
459:
186:
141:
2208:
1435:
1159:
945:
347:
311:
1778:
1087:
1382:
2203:
1270:
1023:
572:
2099:
2007:
841:
2213:
2193:
428:
216:
2168:
1654:
873:
2198:
2183:
1243:
202:
2067:
715:
is the main cargo crossing, used by trucks carrying goods from Israel or Egypt to the Gaza Strip. Managed by the
700:
629:
armored bulldozer working in the Palestinian side of the Israel-Gaza barrier in order to expose explosive devices
191:
1574:
1466:
1448:
2136:
1217:"Palestinians Protest The Israeli Wall Surrounding The Gaza Strip - International Middle East Media Center"
393:
239:
89:
52:
1516:
1184:
1303:
340:
1667:
778:
On 12 April 2024, a newly built wartime emergency crossing for humanitarian aid was opened near Kibbutz
2173:
1537:
1141:
323:
36:
1845:"Report by the Palestinian Centre for Human Rights on the Closure imposed by Israel on the Gaza Strip"
1680:
1452:
868:
858:
716:
471:
1636:
1495:
2178:
834:, designed primarily for pedestrians, but used during the 2023 war as the main entry for aid trucks
571:
The barrier's effectiveness prompted a shift in the tactics of Palestinian militants who commenced
146:
795:
and into Gaza. Nitzana crossing, however, was not designed for the processing of trucks and cargo.
451:, land borders (with the exception of Gaza's border with Egypt, abandoned by Israel in 2005), and
824:
791:
299:
1980:"Israel to open Kerem Shalom Crossing for Gaza aid inspections for first time since war started"
782:. The content of the trucks is checked by the IDF at the Kerem Shalom border crossing facility.
1357:
863:
601:
591:
579:
333:
1816:
1216:
1202:
743:
712:
691:
analyzed the closures of the crossings and said they have "proven to be counter-productive".
684:
436:
416:
401:
181:
127:
68:
1852:
1618:
1599:
1867:"Israel reopens Erez crossing for Gaza aid trucks 7 months after it was destroyed by Hamas"
1555:
1013:
811:
377:
287:
2107:
Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
1383:"Overcoming Barriers: US National Security Interests and the West Bank Separation Barrier"
766:
On 12 March 2024, as a "pilot project", the 96th gate in the security fence (near Kibbutz
470:
The Gaza-Israel border straddles one of the starkest economic contrasts in the world (the
8:
2012:
1984:
1897:
1893:"Ship with food aid leaves for war-torn Gaza; Israel says 100 rockets fired from Lebanon"
626:
605:
267:
249:
622:
1388:. John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. p. 20}. Archived from
452:
211:
1925:
1729:
1062:
1019:
643:
224:
103:
447:. Pursuant to the Accords, Israel continues to maintain control of the Gaza Strip's
1902:
1389:
542:
464:
1278:
2145:
1952:
538:
The barrier has met with opposition and protests from some Palestinians in Gaza.
196:
21:
1948:"IDF: First convoy of aid trucks enters northern Gaza through new land crossing"
1248:, vol. 4 (12 ed.), Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, archived from
2131:
831:
805:
560:
400:, as Israel didn't allow goods to go directly from Egypt into Gaza through the
369:
161:
84:
2162:
1733:
1353:
728:
650:
597:
523:
432:
381:
78:
1670:" International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, Volume 2, pp. 210-226.
1575:"Mahmoud Abbas: Israel's West Bank occupation leading to one-state solution"
1249:
878:
635:
509:
483:
244:
47:
541:
The barrier was largely torn down by Palestinians at the beginning of the
1467:"Israel rejects war crimes findings of UN Gaza inquiry | World news"
688:
548:
823:
These are being used for shipments from Israel in conjunction with the
444:
385:
165:
26:
388:, used to be the only crossing point for people and goods coming from
2008:"Egypt-Israel ties in jeopardy over intensifying Gaza border dispute"
2005:
767:
634:
armored unit, killed two Israeli soldiers, and captured another one,
556:
440:
1131:"Draft Agreement on the Gaza Strip and Jericho Area (archived copy)"
1926:"Gaza war: Gate 96, the new crossing where aid struggles to get in"
845:
703:, two more emergency gates were eventually opened for aid convoys.
448:
2073:
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
1018:. Institute for Palestine Studies USA, Incorporated. p. 105.
564:
successfully carried out an attack in Israel (on 14 March 2004 in
1755:"Israeli technology exposes Gaza attack tunnel, challenges Hamas"
917:"Israel Unveiled 'Iron Wall' Security Barrier. Hamas Breached It"
514:
1779:"IDF completes underground anti-tunnel barrier surrounding Gaza"
1697:"Israel Speeds Up Underground Border Wall To Block Gaza Tunnels"
1722:"Israel unveils plans for 40-mile underground wall around Gaza"
773:
733:
565:
389:
530:
The barrier is patrolled both from the air and on the ground.
883:
779:
747:
486:
to reach a socio-political compromise with the Palestinians.
397:
2041:"New Gaza Crossing Raises Questions About Blockade Policies"
1408:"Background: Hamas vs. Abbas:The Lethal Wildcard, A Profile"
668:
construction. The wall is located entirely on Israeli land.
415:
There is also one crossing along the Egypt–Gaza border, the
16:
Border barrier between the Palestinian Gaza Strip and Israel
1668:
of-smuggling-tunnels.pdf Terrorist Use of Smuggling Tunnels
1492:"Hamas leader in Syria announce one-week ceasefire in Gaza"
1138:
Palestine Israel Journal of Politics, Economics and Culture
1088:"On Strategy, Law, and Morality in Israel's Gaza Operation"
585:
1814:
1241:
1049:
goods shall be cleared at the Kerem Shalom crossing point.
973:
goods shall be cleared at the Kerem Shalom crossing point.
903:"Israel completes construction of 'iron wall' around Gaza"
2006:
Claire Parker and Heba Farouk Mahfouz (31 January 2024).
1600:"US supports Egyptian underground barrier on Gaza border"
2068:"Movement in and out of Gaza: update covering July 2023"
1798:"Palestinians Reject Use of Kerem Shalom for Gaza Cargo"
1681:
Smuggling Tunnels: The Need for a Transnational Analysis
1795:
1619:"Arab protests against Egypt's Gaza border wall spread"
931:"Israel completes 'iron wall' underground Gaza barrier"
392:
into the Gaza Strip, with a second crossing point, the
1666:
Lichtenwald, Terrance G. and Perri, Frank S. (2013). "
1679:
Lichtenwald, Terrance G. and Perri, Frank S. (2011)."
1268:
675:
The anti-tunnel barrier was completed in March 2021.
496:
Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip
1245:
Lessons of the Gaza Security Fence for the West Bank
478:
Commentators point out that fortifications like the
1436:
TIMELINE – Israeli-Hamas violence since truce ended
1302:. CTV. Associated Press. 2002-12-12. Archived from
2135:
1851:. Closure Update No. 9. 1996-05-16. Archived from
663:Anti-tunnel barrier along Israel-Gaza Strip border
656:
573:firing Qassam rockets and mortars over the barrier
1653:Fiske, Gavriel and Ginsburg. (13 October 2013). "
1185:"Israel sets high tech zone to guard Gaza border"
2160:
1449:Israel set to launch ‘limited operation’ in Gaza
1300:"Unarmed Palestinians Killed Scaling Gaza Fence"
1157:
2100:"Report to the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee (AHLC)"
1923:
1796:Dudkavitch, Margo; Halpern, Orly (2006-03-01).
1509:
1484:
1399:
722:
1945:
1458:
1237:
1235:
1233:
995:"Gaza Crossing:Choked Passages to Frustration"
2046:The Washington Institute for Near East Policy
1683:" Inside Homeland Security Volume 9, Issue 1.
1616:
1464:
1203:"Kibbutz: No deal reached for using our land"
761:
555:The barrier has been effective in preventing
341:
1269:Harel, Amos; Issacharoff, Ari (2007-01-26).
618:Palestinian tunnel warfare in the Gaza Strip
611:
2038:
1977:
1538:"Hamas, Israel set independent cease-fires"
1271:"IDF Kills Teen Crawling Toward Gaza Fence"
1230:
1011:
988:
986:
984:
982:
937:
439:with limited administrative control of the
1815:Yaakov Katz and Shelly Paz (8 July 2008).
1262:
1005:
348:
334:
1242:Almog, Major General Doron (2004-12-23),
578:On 27 December 2008, Israel launched the
396:, used exclusively for goods coming from
2189:Fortifications in the State of Palestine
2130:
2094:
2092:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1691:
1689:
1380:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
979:
785:
755:cases confiscated them at the crossing.
732:
706:
621:
586:Support for a similar Egypt–Gaza barrier
508:
20:
1839:
1837:
1719:
1629:
943:
517:patrols the Gaza border (February 2012)
460:Israel unilaterally withdrew its troops
422:
2161:
1941:
1939:
1752:
1110:
1040:"Agreed Principles for Rafah Crossing"
964:"Agreed Principles for Rafah Crossing"
2089:
2034:
2032:
2030:
1960:
1686:
1637:"Palestinian Militants Attack Border"
1572:
1170:
799:
533:
2060:
1834:
1494:. Xinhua. 2009-01-18. Archived from
1352:
1325:"The Gaza Strip: Maps and Fact File"
1292:
1160:"More fences to surround Gaza Strip"
1063:"Gaza crisis: key maps and timeline"
992:
489:
2152:from the original on April 5, 2007.
1936:
1849:Palestinian Centre for Human Rights
1817:"Kassam materials caught at border"
1405:
1381:Barasch, Daniel B.; Qadir, Lala R.
429:Palestinian Liberation Organization
372:located on the Israeli side of the
13:
2027:
1556:"Last Israeli troops 'leave Gaza'"
1517:"Hamas agrees to 1-week ceasefire"
774:"Northern Crossing" emergency gate
678:
14:
2225:
2124:
1924:Lucy Williamson (25 March 2024).
1573:Milne, Seumas (31 January 2010).
1158:JOSHUA BRILLIANT (28 July 2005).
1946:Emanuel Fabian (12 April 2024).
1617:Nahmias, Roee (4 January 2010).
596:Palestinian Authority President
2039:Neri Zilber (23 October 2019).
1999:
1978:Jacob Magid (7 December 2023).
1917:
1885:
1859:
1808:
1789:
1771:
1746:
1713:
1673:
1660:
1647:
1610:
1592:
1566:
1548:
1530:
1441:
1429:
1374:
1346:
1317:
1209:
1195:
1151:
1123:
1104:
1080:
946:"Life in Gaza Steadily Worsens"
657:Underground anti-tunnel barrier
2209:1990s establishments in Israel
1111:Asulin, Yair (29 March 2020).
1055:
1032:
956:
923:
909:
895:
874:2018–2019 Gaza border protests
694:
1:
889:
818:
433:the first of the Oslo Accords
1465:Rory McCarthy (2009-09-16).
1331:. 2006-07-04. Archived from
1140:. 1994-04-26. Archived from
944:Barnard, Anne (2006-10-22).
723:Erez or Beit Hanoun Crossing
394:Kerem Shalom border crossing
7:
1115:(in Hebrew). Archived from
852:
240:Viva Palestina "Lifeline 5"
10:
2230:
2214:Blockade of the Gaza Strip
2194:Counterterrorism in Israel
1753:Caspit, Ben (2020-10-23).
762:Gate 96 emergency crossing
726:
660:
615:
589:
324:2024 Gaza freedom flotilla
2169:Borders of the Gaza Strip
1453:Christian Science Monitor
1358:"Israel's Security Fence"
1275:Ha'aretz, English edition
993:Myre, Greg (2006-03-04).
869:Israeli West Bank barrier
840:(area plan with gate see
717:Israel Airports Authority
612:Tunnels under the barrier
600:declared support for the
472:Korean Demilitarized Zone
2204:Israel–Gaza Strip border
2184:Fortifications in Israel
427:In 1993, Israel and the
312:Israeli "total blockade"
142:Egypt–Gaza border breach
1219:. Imemc.org. 2010-03-10
825:Nitzana Border Crossing
792:Nitzana Border Crossing
48:Goods allowed or banned
2137:"How to Build a Fence"
1519:. CBC News. 2009-01-18
1362:Jewish Virtual Library
738:
701:October 7 Hamas attack
630:
518:
384:, in the north of the
364:(sometimes called the
30:
1855:on February 19, 2008.
1720:Sanchez, Raf (2018).
859:2023 Israel–Hamas war
786:From Israel via Egypt
744:Palestinian Authority
736:
713:Kerem Shalom Crossing
707:Kerem Shalom Crossing
685:Palestinian Authority
625:
512:
437:Palestinian Authority
24:
2199:Gaza–Israel conflict
1455:, December 26, 2008.
1438:, Reuters 05-01-2009
1418:on February 12, 2007
1012:Sara M. Roy (2016).
423:Political background
300:Women's Boat to Gaza
288:Freedom Flotilla III
2109:. 15 September 2023
2013:The Washington Post
1985:The Times of Israel
1898:The Washington Post
1147:on August 12, 2007.
1119:on 17 January 2024.
627:IDF Caterpillar D9R
606:Al-Azhar University
362:Gaza–Israel barrier
268:Freedom Flotilla II
250:Jewish Boat to Gaza
1821:The Jerusalem Post
1802:The Jerusalem Post
1606:. 12 January 2010.
1562:. 21 January 2009.
1406:Burston, Bradley.
1395:on August 6, 2012.
999:The New York Times
864:Egypt–Gaza barrier
800:Permanently closed
739:
631:
602:Egypt–Gaza barrier
592:Egypt–Gaza barrier
534:Response from Gaza
519:
453:territorial waters
408:, opened in 2018.
374:Gaza–Israel border
128:Fatah–Hamas battle
116:Economic sanctions
104:Philadelphi Accord
31:
2174:Borders of Israel
1542:CNN International
1025:978-0-88728-321-5
838:Salah al-Din Gate
644:threat assessment
490:Barrier structure
465:Israeli passports
435:establishing the
406:Salah Al Din Gate
404:, except for the
402:Egypt–Gaza border
358:
357:
225:Turkel Commission
221:legal assessments
53:Smuggling tunnels
29:in September 2023
2221:
2153:
2139:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2104:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2077:. 15 August 2023
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2036:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1975:
1958:
1957:
1943:
1934:
1933:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1903:Associated Press
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1841:
1832:
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1827:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1793:
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1717:
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1693:
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1677:
1671:
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1633:
1627:
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1614:
1608:
1607:
1596:
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1570:
1564:
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1552:
1546:
1545:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1462:
1456:
1447:Bright, Arthur.
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1414:. Archived from
1403:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1387:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1277:. Archived from
1266:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1239:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1191:. 1 August 2005.
1181:
1168:
1167:
1155:
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2134:(Mar 2004).
2111:. Retrieved
2106:
2079:. Retrieved
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2062:
2050:. Retrieved
2044:
2017:. Retrieved
2011:
2001:
1989:. Retrieved
1983:
1951:
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1907:. Retrieved
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1873:. 1 May 2024
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1853:the original
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1584:11 September
1582:. Retrieved
1579:The Guardian
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1521:. Retrieved
1511:
1500:. Retrieved
1496:the original
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1416:the original
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1390:the original
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1333:the original
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1117:the original
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1069:. 2009-01-06
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245:Road to Hope
203:
198:Mavi Marmara
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187:Participants
90:Kerem Shalom
73:
18:
2113:17 December
2081:17 December
1473:. Jerusalem
814:(1994–2008)
808:(1994–2011)
695:Israel–Gaza
689:Saeb Erekat
687:negotiator
649:During the
646:estimates.
463:not having
74:Gaza–Israel
25:Map of the
2163:Categories
2148:Magazine.
2052:7 December
1991:7 December
1764:2020-10-26
1759:Al-Monitor
1739:2018-04-21
1706:2018-04-21
1523:2009-08-03
1502:2009-08-03
1477:2010-05-08
1422:2007-05-02
1367:2007-05-03
1339:2007-05-03
1310:2007-05-02
1285:2007-05-02
1256:2007-05-01
1223:2011-05-28
1164:UPI Israel
1097:2023-11-24
1073:2011-05-28
890:References
819:Egypt–Gaza
557:terrorists
484:stonewalls
445:Gaza Strip
386:Gaza Strip
166:Lifeline 3
39:Gaza Strip
27:Gaza Strip
1734:0307-1235
480:Iron Wall
458:In 2005,
441:West Bank
366:Iron Wall
217:reactions
61:Crossings
2150:Archived
2019:31 March
1930:BBC News
1909:13 March
1826:6 August
1641:CBS News
1560:BBC News
1471:Guardian
1067:BBC News
853:See also
846:dual use
748:Egyptian
580:Gaza War
549:Ha'aretz
449:airspace
147:Gaza War
1701:NPR.org
1412:Haaretz
746:and to
431:signed
368:) is a
2075:(OCHA)
1732:
1022:
768:Be'eri
566:Ashdod
390:Israel
380:, the
2103:(PDF)
1877:1 May
1393:(PDF)
1386:(PDF)
1145:(PDF)
1134:(PDF)
1043:(PDF)
967:(PDF)
884:Negev
780:Zikim
513:Tank
398:Egypt
192:Ships
85:Karni
69:Rafah
2115:2023
2083:2023
2054:2023
2021:2024
1993:2023
1911:2024
1879:2024
1828:2012
1730:ISSN
1623:Ynet
1604:Ynet
1586:2016
1020:ISBN
842:here
711:The
559:and
443:and
360:The
318:2024
306:2023
294:2016
282:2015
261:2011
212:Raid
174:2010
155:2009
134:2008
122:2007
110:2006
98:2004
79:Erez
1329:CTV
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