832:
136:
1878:
453:
520:
443:
1855:
936:
118:
485:'s maxilla to that of other troodontids, it was inferred that at least three more teeth were present in the missing anterior part of the maxilla and at least seven in the missing caudal area, for a total of at least nineteen teeth in the maxilla. The alveoli are characteristically square-shaped and separated by small walls of bone, a feature only known in
467:. These include the presence of a promaxillary fenestra which is visible in lateral view, a narrow promaxillary strut (the bar of bone between the maxillary and promaxillary fenestrae), and a narrow interfenestral strut (the bar of bone between the maxillary and antorbital fenestrae).
460:
The maxilla is long and low, with the process above the antorbital fenestra being horizontal, similar to other advanced troodontids. However, some features of the maxilla are more similar to the condition in basal troodontids such as
865:
about 139-134 million years ago. The environments were semiarid areas with floodplain prairies, riverine forests, and open woodlands. It has been also interpreted that there was a waterlogged bog-like environment.
546:
with derived troodontids due to the oblong shape of its maxillary fenestra. Due to the large amount of missing data for the genus, its position within the family is not completely certain, and
473:
is uniquely characterized by the presence of a large pneumatic chamber which expands the maxilla into a triangular shape in cross section, with the base formed by a bony shelf
499:
has estimated its weight around 2.27–9.1 kg (5.0–20.1 lb) and a possible length of 1.5 m (4.9 ft). Although still a rather small dinosaur,
1971:
861:
was the first report of a troodontid in the Early
Cretaceous of North America, proving their existence. It lived in the Lower Yellow Cat Member of the
239:
365:
1311:
481:
are preserved, although since both the anterior and caudal tips of the maxilla are missing, certainly more were present. By comparing
1986:
1981:
1290:
1223:"New Dromaeosaurids (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of Utah, and the Evolution of the Dromaeosaurid Tail"
1079:
1144:
McDonald, A. T.; Kirkland, J. I.; DeBlieux, D. D.; Madsen, S. K.; Cavin, J.; Milner, A. R. C.; Panzarin, L. (2010).
1074:(2nd ed.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 151, 163, 229, 252, 314, 319, 326, 327.
1871:
949:
474:
1991:
1146:"New Basal Iguanodonts from the Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah and the Evolution of Thumb-Spiked Dinosaurs"
1052:
1095:
Royo-Torres, R.; Upchurch, P.; Kirkland, J.I.; DeBlieux, D.D.; Foster, J.R.; Cobos, A.; Alcalá, L. (2017).
135:
1097:"Descendants of the Jurassic turiasaurs from Iberia found refuge in the Early Cretaceous of western USA"
1283:
405:
1387:
954:
862:
840:
375:
1948:
1221:
Senter, P.; Kirkland, J. I.; Deblieux, D. D.; Madsen, S.; Toth, N. (2012). Dodson, Peter (ed.).
1200:"The Lower Cretaceous in East-Central Utah—The Cedar Mountain Formation and its Bounding Strata"
1898:
1055:
1943:
1276:
269:
831:
1976:
1930:
1881:
1441:
959:
398:
246:
393:, the twin geologists who discovered the Suarez site from which the fossil was recovered.
8:
496:
1652:
1414:
1249:
1222:
1172:
1145:
1121:
1096:
1020:
993:
554:
due to each of them having interdental bone walls, unlike all other known troodontids.
130:
1854:
1640:
1552:
1530:
1254:
1199:
1177:
1126:
1075:
1048:
Dinosaurs: The Most
Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages
1025:
1839:
1818:
1596:
1244:
1234:
1167:
1157:
1116:
1108:
1015:
1005:
941:
921:
749:
568:
504:
446:
390:
326:
323:
30:
1811:
1703:
1676:
1632:
1574:
1372:
1239:
1162:
1010:
917:
732:
508:
478:
1921:
1782:
1669:
1611:
1604:
1581:
1559:
1523:
1112:
906:
684:
493:
397:
was named by Phil Senter, James I. Kirkland, John Bird and Jeff A. Bartlett in
1965:
902:
539:
319:
68:
1803:
1789:
1775:
1760:
1744:
1712:
1684:
1588:
1509:
1487:
1453:
1299:
1258:
1181:
1130:
1029:
850:
667:
595:
535:
344:
219:
1768:
1733:
1726:
1661:
1625:
1618:
1545:
1426:
912:
897:
888:
701:
609:
538:, a classification supported due to its large number of small teeth. The
463:
383:
337:
43:
1796:
1338:
1329:
582:
309:
193:
88:
53:
994:"A New Troodontid Theropod Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Utah"
1832:
1753:
1399:
1347:
882:
877:
507:
troodontids, with its maxillary proportions more similar to those of
206:
147:
93:
37:
1892:
452:
1915:
1719:
1566:
1323:
1094:
893:
650:
519:
340:
315:
312:
180:
167:
83:
78:
63:
58:
48:
442:
1935:
1825:
1692:
1356:
775:
371:
334:
98:
73:
1317:
1268:
992:
Senter, P.; Kirkland, J. I.; Bird, J.; Bartlett, J. A. (2010).
157:
117:
1143:
869:
543:
413:
305:
1220:
379:
991:
838:
compared to the fauna of the Yellow Cat Member from the
363:
931:
916:are also found here. There are also indeterminate
386:stage (about 139 to 134 million years ago).
374:recovered from the Lower Yellow Cat Member of the
1963:
1371:
1193:
1191:
1284:
1065:
1063:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
1972:Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of North America
1507:
1188:
1041:
1039:
542:conducted by its describers placed it in a
1291:
1277:
1060:
116:
1248:
1238:
1171:
1161:
1120:
1019:
1009:
972:
1197:
1045:
1036:
830:
518:
451:
441:
358:
125:The holotype maxilla in multiple views
1964:
1072:The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs
1897:
1896:
1310:
1272:
456:Possible size estimated by Holtz 2012
1069:
557:Below is the proposed placement for
1198:Kirkland, J.I. (December 1, 2016).
550:may instead be a close relative of
389:The name refers to Drs. Marina and
13:
14:
2003:
1046:Holtz, T. R.; Rey, L. V. (2007).
924:known from the Lower Yellow Cat.
876:in the lower bed, included other
561:conducted by Senter et al. 2010:
514:
1877:
1876:
1853:
1298:
1204:Geology of the Intermoutain West
934:
382:, dating from the early to late
134:
41:
1987:Taxa named by James I. Kirkland
950:Timeline of troodontid research
826:
1214:
1137:
1088:
1053:Supplementary Information 2012
437:
333:was a small, ground-dwelling
1:
1982:Fossil taxa described in 2010
965:
523:Comparison of the maxilla of
304:(meaning "twin seizer") is a
1240:10.1371/journal.pone.0036790
1163:10.1371/journal.pone.0014075
1011:10.1371/journal.pone.0014329
7:
927:
527:to those of other paravians
10:
2008:
1113:10.1038/s41598-017-14677-2
920:crocodiles and an unnamed
503:is larger than most other
16:Extinct genus of dinosaurs
1905:
1866:
1851:
1743:
1702:
1651:
1518:
1503:
1484:
1452:
1434:
1425:
1407:
1398:
1380:
1367:
1306:
1070:Paul, Gregory S. (2016).
772:
746:
729:
722:
715:
698:
681:
664:
647:
630:
623:
606:
599:
579:
572:
489:among other troodontids.
275:
268:
131:Scientific classification
129:
124:
115:
23:
955:Cedar Mountain Formation
863:Cedar Mountain Formation
841:Cedar Mountain Formation
376:Cedar Mountain Formation
430:, uses their last name
282:Geminiraptor suarezarum
855:
528:
457:
449:
1944:Paleobiology Database
872:that lived alongside
834:
540:phylogenetic analysis
522:
455:
445:
1992:Paleontology in Utah
960:2010 in paleontology
359:Discovery and naming
848:in purple, next to
497:Thomas R. Holtz Jr.
477:to the teeth. Nine
426:The specific name,
1653:Jinfengopteryginae
1101:Scientific Reports
1056:Weight Information
856:
529:
458:
450:
261:G. suarezarum
1959:
1958:
1899:Taxon identifiers
1890:
1889:
1862:
1861:
1849:
1848:
1641:Halszkaraptorinae
1553:Hesperornithoides
1531:Archaeornithoides
1499:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1471:
823:
822:
814:
813:
805:
804:
796:
795:
787:
786:
761:
760:
297:
296:
249:
1999:
1952:
1951:
1939:
1938:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1894:
1893:
1880:
1879:
1857:
1819:Stenonychosaurus
1597:Polyodontosaurus
1516:
1515:
1505:
1504:
1432:
1431:
1405:
1404:
1378:
1377:
1369:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1308:
1307:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1270:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1252:
1242:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1195:
1186:
1185:
1175:
1165:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1124:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1067:
1058:
1051:
1043:
1034:
1033:
1023:
1013:
989:
944:
942:Dinosaurs portal
939:
938:
937:
725:
724:
718:
717:
626:
625:
602:
601:
575:
574:
569:Deinonychosauria
565:
564:
534:is considered a
505:Early Cretaceous
447:Life restoration
324:Early Cretaceous
284:
280:
238:
231:
218:
139:
138:
120:
110:
40:
31:Early Cretaceous
29:Temporal range:
21:
20:
2007:
2006:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1947:
1942:
1934:
1929:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1901:
1891:
1886:
1858:
1845:
1812:Saurornithoides
1739:
1704:Sinovenatorinae
1698:
1677:Liaoningvenator
1647:
1633:Anchiornithidae
1575:Liaoningvenator
1512:
1491:
1468:
1448:
1421:
1394:
1388:Avemetatarsalia
1373:Avemetatarsalia
1363:
1313:
1312:
1302:
1297:
1267:
1266:
1219:
1215:
1196:
1189:
1142:
1138:
1093:
1089:
1082:
1068:
1061:
1050:. Random House.
1044:
1037:
990:
973:
968:
940:
935:
933:
930:
922:velociraptorine
910:and the turtle
829:
824:
815:
806:
797:
788:
762:
733:Saurornithoides
517:
509:Late Cretaceous
440:
361:
293:
286:
278:
277:
264:
237:
229:
216:
133:
111:
109:
108:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
36:139–134.6
35:
34:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2005:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1940:
1927:
1911:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1874:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1783:Latenivenatrix
1779:
1772:
1765:
1757:
1749:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1708:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1689:
1681:
1673:
1670:Jinfengopteryx
1666:
1657:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1637:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1605:Sinornithoides
1601:
1593:
1585:
1582:Papiliovenator
1578:
1571:
1563:
1560:Jianianhualong
1556:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1527:
1524:Albertavenator
1519:
1513:
1508:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1458:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1381:
1375:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1350:
1341:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1304:
1303:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1273:
1265:
1264:
1213:
1187:
1156:(11): e14075.
1136:
1087:
1080:
1059:
1035:
1004:(12): e14329.
970:
969:
967:
964:
963:
962:
957:
952:
946:
945:
929:
926:
907:Iguanacolossus
828:
825:
821:
820:
817:
816:
812:
811:
808:
807:
803:
802:
799:
798:
794:
793:
790:
789:
785:
784:
781:
780:
771:
768:
767:
764:
763:
759:
758:
755:
754:
745:
742:
741:
738:
737:
728:
723:
721:
716:
714:
711:
710:
707:
706:
697:
694:
693:
690:
689:
685:Sinornithoides
680:
677:
676:
673:
672:
663:
660:
659:
656:
655:
646:
643:
642:
639:
638:
629:
624:
622:
619:
618:
615:
614:
605:
600:
598:
592:
591:
588:
587:
578:
573:
571:
563:
516:
515:Classification
513:
494:paleontologist
439:
436:
419:(“twins") and
412:, is from the
360:
357:
318:that lived in
295:
294:
287:
273:
272:
266:
265:
257:
255:
251:
250:
227:
223:
222:
214:
210:
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127:
126:
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121:
113:
112:
104:
103:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2004:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1883:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1856:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1756:
1755:
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1750:
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1742:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1729:
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1724:
1722:
1721:
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1715:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1690:
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1678:
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1672:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1659:
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1656:
1654:
1650:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1490:
1489:
1483:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1294:
1289:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1233:(5): e36790.
1232:
1228:
1224:
1217:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1194:
1192:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1140:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1091:
1083:
1081:9780691167664
1077:
1073:
1066:
1064:
1057:
1054:
1049:
1042:
1040:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
971:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
947:
943:
932:
925:
923:
919:
918:Goniopholidid
915:
914:
909:
908:
904:
903:iguanodontian
900:
899:
895:
891:
890:
885:
884:
879:
875:
871:
867:
864:
860:
853:
852:
847:
843:
842:
837:
833:
819:
818:
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809:
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800:
792:
791:
783:
782:
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743:
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739:
736:
735:
734:
727:
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719:
713:
712:
709:
708:
705:
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703:
696:
695:
692:
691:
688:
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661:
658:
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641:
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637:
636:
635:
628:
627:
621:
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611:
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541:
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448:
444:
435:
433:
429:
424:
422:
418:
415:
411:
407:
402:
400:
396:
395:G. suarezarum
392:
391:Celina Suarez
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
367:
356:
354:
353:G. suarezarum
350:
346:
342:
339:
336:
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328:
325:
321:
320:North America
317:
314:
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307:
303:
302:
291:
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283:
274:
271:
270:Binomial name
267:
263:
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256:
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100:
95:
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85:
80:
75:
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65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
39:
32:
26:
22:
19:
1907:Geminiraptor
1906:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1804:Philovenator
1802:
1795:
1790:Linhevenator
1788:
1781:
1776:Hypnovenator
1774:
1767:
1761:Byronosaurus
1759:
1752:
1745:Troodontinae
1732:
1725:
1718:
1713:Daliansaurus
1711:
1691:
1685:Philovenator
1683:
1675:
1668:
1660:
1639:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1595:
1589:Paronychodon
1587:
1580:
1573:
1565:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1539:Geminiraptor
1538:
1537:
1529:
1522:
1510:Troodontidae
1488:Troodontidae
1486:
1454:Troodontidae
1352:
1343:
1334:
1300:Troodontidae
1230:
1226:
1216:
1207:
1203:
1153:
1149:
1139:
1107:(1): 14311.
1104:
1100:
1090:
1071:
1047:
1001:
997:
911:
905:
901:, the large
896:
887:
881:
874:Geminiraptor
873:
868:
859:Geminiraptor
858:
857:
851:Martharaptor
849:
846:Geminiraptor
845:
839:
836:Geminiraptor
835:
827:Paleoecology
774:
773:
748:
747:
731:
730:
700:
699:
683:
682:
668:Byronosaurus
666:
665:
649:
648:
634:Geminiraptor
633:
632:
631:
608:
607:
596:Troodontidae
581:
580:
559:Geminiraptor
558:
556:
551:
548:Geminiraptor
547:
532:Geminiraptor
531:
530:
525:Geminiraptor
524:
501:Geminiraptor
500:
491:
486:
483:Geminiraptor
482:
471:Geminiraptor
470:
469:
462:
459:
431:
427:
425:
423:("seizer").
420:
416:
410:Geminiraptor
409:
406:generic name
403:
394:
388:
364:
362:
352:
349:Geminiraptor
348:
345:type species
331:Geminiraptor
330:
301:Geminiraptor
300:
299:
298:
289:
281:
276:
260:
259:
242:
234:Geminiraptor
233:
232:
220:Troodontidae
200:
187:
174:
25:Geminiraptor
24:
18:
1977:Troodontids
1769:Gobivenator
1734:Sinusonasus
1727:Sinovenator
1626:Xixiasaurus
1619:Tochisaurus
1546:Harenadraco
1442:Maniraptora
1427:Maniraptora
913:Naomichelys
898:Mierasaurus
889:Yurgovuchia
702:Sinusonasus
610:Sinovenator
552:Sinovenator
487:Sinovenator
464:Sinovenator
438:Description
384:Valanginian
338:carnivorous
322:during the
1966:Categories
1870:See also:
1797:Pectinodon
1463:see below↓
1339:Dinosauria
1330:Sauropsida
966:References
870:Paleofauna
583:Anchiornis
536:troodontid
428:suarezarum
368: 7319
310:troodontid
194:Saurischia
181:Dinosauria
1840:Zanabazar
1833:Urbacodon
1754:Borogovia
1415:Theropoda
1400:Theropoda
1348:Theropoda
1316:Kingdom:
883:Falcarius
878:Theropods
750:Zanabazar
254:Species:
207:Theropoda
154:Kingdom:
148:Eukaryota
1936:42332914
1922:Q1936000
1916:Wikidata
1882:Category
1872:Timeline
1567:Koparion
1324:Chordata
1322:Phylum:
1318:Animalia
1259:22615813
1227:PLOS ONE
1210:: 1–130.
1182:21124919
1150:PLOS ONE
1131:29085006
1030:21179513
998:PLOS ONE
928:See also
894:sauropod
511:genera.
341:paravian
316:dinosaur
313:theropod
213:Family:
168:Chordata
164:Phylum:
158:Animalia
144:Domain:
1826:Troodon
1693:Tamarro
1357:Paraves
1328:Class:
1250:3352940
1173:2989904
1122:5662694
1021:3002269
776:Troodon
479:alveoli
475:lingual
417:geminae
372:maxilla
335:bipedal
288:Senter
279:†
258:†
226:Genus:
105:↓
1949:235253
1257:
1247:
1180:
1170:
1129:
1119:
1078:
1028:
1018:
892:. The
432:Suarez
421:raptor
343:. The
327:period
292:, 2010
290:et al.
243:et al.
240:Senter
1662:Almas
1612:Talos
1353:Clade
1344:Clade
1335:Clade
544:clade
414:Latin
378:, in
306:genus
201:Clade
188:Clade
175:Clade
1440:see
1413:see
1386:see
1255:PMID
1178:PMID
1127:PMID
1076:ISBN
1026:PMID
886:and
492:The
404:The
399:2010
380:Utah
370:, a
366:CEUM
247:2010
44:PreꞒ
1931:EoL
1720:Mei
1245:PMC
1235:doi
1168:PMC
1158:doi
1117:PMC
1109:doi
1016:PMC
1006:doi
651:Mei
351:is
347:of
308:of
1968::
1946::
1933::
1918::
1355::
1346::
1337::
1253:.
1243:.
1229:.
1225:.
1206:.
1202:.
1190:^
1176:.
1166:.
1152:.
1148:.
1125:.
1115:.
1103:.
1099:.
1062:^
1038:^
1024:.
1014:.
1000:.
996:.
974:^
880::
434:.
408:,
401:.
355:.
329:.
245:,
203::
190::
177::
94:Pg
38:Ma
33:,
1807:?
1764:?
1688:?
1680:?
1665:?
1644:?
1636:?
1600:?
1592:?
1570:?
1534:?
1292:e
1285:t
1278:v
1261:.
1237::
1231:7
1208:3
1184:.
1160::
1154:5
1133:.
1111::
1105:7
1084:.
1032:.
1008::
1002:5
854:)
844:(
230:†
217:†
99:N
89:K
84:J
79:T
74:P
69:C
64:D
59:S
54:O
49:Ꞓ
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