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Gender-affirming surgery

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Netherlands, Germany, and Italy. Much of the criticism surrounding the WPATH/HBIGDA-SOC applies to these as well, and some of these SOCs (mostly European SOC) are actually based on much older versions of the WPATH SOC. Other SOCs are entirely independent of the WPATH. The criteria of many of those SOCs are stricter than the latest revision of the WPATH-SOC. Many qualified surgeons in North America and many in Europe adhere almost unswervingly to the WPATH SOC or other SOCs. However, in the United States many experienced surgeons are able to apply the WPATH SOC in ways which respond to an individual's medical circumstances, as is consistent with the SOC.
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women. Almost all female-to-male individuals have revealed an increase in sexual excitement and are capable of achieving orgasms through sexual activity with a partner or via masturbation, whereas only 85% of the male-to-female individuals are able to achieve orgasms after SRS. A study found that both trans men and trans women reported qualitative change in their experience of orgasm. The female-to-male transgender individuals reported that they had been experiencing intensified and stronger excitements and orgasm while male-to-female individuals have been encountering longer and more gentle feelings.
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transgender people who received sex reassignment surgery from 1973 to 2003, found that they "have considerably higher risks for mortality, suicidal behaviour, and psychiatric morbidity than the general population", concluding that "sex reassignment, although alleviating gender dysphoria, may not suffice as treatment for transsexualism". Lawrence (2003), in a study of 232 trans women who underwent surgery between 1994 and 2000, found "None reported outright regret and only a few expressed even occasional regret."
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transsexuals may become victims of different social obstacles such as discrimination, prejudice and stigmatising behaviours. The rejection faced by transgender people is much more severe than what is experienced by lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. The hostile environment may trigger or worsen internalized transphobia, depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress.
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that there were differences in masturbation frequencies between trans men and trans women, in which female-to-male individuals masturbated more often than male to female The possible reasons for the differences in masturbation frequency could be associated with the surge of libido, which was caused by the testosterone therapies, or the withdrawal of gender dysphoria.
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people are often unable to change the listing of their sex in public records unless they can furnish a physician's letter attesting that sex reassignment surgery has been performed. In some jurisdictions legal gender change is prohibited in any circumstances, even after genital or other surgery or treatment.
2027:, whom the surgeon may consult when determining if the patient is physically fit for surgery. Health providers including pharmacists can play a role in maintaining safe and cost-effective regimens, providing patient education, and addressing other health issues including smoking cessation and weight loss. 2120:(WPATH, formerly the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association or HBIGDA). Many jurisdictions and medical boards in the United States and other countries recognize the WPATH Standards of Care for the treatment of transgender individuals. Some treatment may require a minimum duration of 2428:
The rates of masturbation have also changed after sex reassignment surgery for both trans women and trans men. A study reported an overall increase of masturbation frequencies exhibited in most transsexual individuals and 78% of them were able to reach orgasm by masturbation after SRS. A study showed
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The majority of the transsexual individuals have reported enjoying better sex lives and improved sexual satisfaction after sex reassignment surgery. The enhancement of sexual satisfaction was positively related to the satisfaction of new primary sex characteristics. Before undergoing SRS, transsexual
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Many medical professionals and numerous professional associations have stated that surgical interventions should not be required for transsexual individuals to change sex designation on identity documents. However, depending on the legal requirements of many jurisdictions, transsexual and transgender
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Most of the individuals have reported that they have experienced sexual excitement during sexual activity, including masturbation. The ability to obtain orgasms is positively associated with sexual satisfaction. Frequency and intensity of orgasms are substantially different among trans men and trans
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Risk categories for post-operative regret include being older, having characterised personality disorders with personal and social instability, lacking family support, lacking sexual activity, and expressing dissatisfaction with the results of surgery. During the process of sex reassignment surgery,
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may have difficulty finding a surgeon able to perform successful surgery. Many surgeons operate in small private clinics that cannot treat potential complications in these populations. Some surgeons charge higher fees for HIV and hepatitis C-positive patients; other medical professionals assert that
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According to WPATH, medically necessary sex reassignment surgeries include "complete hysterectomy, bilateral mastectomy, chest reconstruction or augmentation ... including breast prostheses if necessary, genital reconstruction (by various techniques which must be appropriate to each patient ...)...
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Sex reassignment surgery can be difficult to obtain due to financial barriers, insurance coverage, and lack of providers. An increasing number of surgeons are now training to perform such surgeries. In many regions, an individual's pursuit of SRS is often governed, or at least guided, by documents
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was developed for female-to-male surgical transition by the doctors Lebovic and Laub. Considered a variant of phalloplasty, metoidioplasty works to create a penis out of the patient's present clitoris. This allows the patient to have a sensation-perceiving penis head. Metoidioplasty may be used in
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for the first time approved payment for sex reassignment surgery for an active-duty U.S. military service member. The patient, an infantry soldier who is a transgender woman, had already begun a course of treatment for gender reassignment. The procedure, which the treating doctor deemed medically
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recommended that physicians do not perform surgery on children until they are old enough to give informed consent and to assign such infants in the gender to which they will probably best adjust. Diamond believed introducing children to others with differences of sex development could help remove
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expands in the medical community, more surgeons are willing to tailor operations to individual needs. Bigenital operations allow individuals to construct a penis or vagina and retain their original organs. Gender nullification is the removal of all external genitalia except the urethral opening,
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found that from 1998 onward, studies have shown that "the whole process of gender reassignment is effective in relieving gender dysphoria and that its positive results greatly outweighed any negative consequences", but noted methodological issues in many studies, particularly older ones. A 2010
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found that gender-affirming surgery was significantly associated with lower rates of psychological distress, smoking, and suicidal ideation, compared to rates among respondents who desired surgery but had not undergone it. This was the largest controlled study on the subject to date (N=19,960),
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Smith et al. (2001) found that among 20 patients, anxiety, depression and hostility levels were lower after sex reassignment surgery. Wierckx et al. (2011), in a study of 49 trans men, found them in good self-perceived physical and mental health. Dhejne et al. (2011), in a study following 324
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noted the lack of randomization and control groups and reliance of self-reporting in the studies it reviewed, reaching the conclusion "Very low quality evidence suggests that hormonal therapies given to individuals with GID as a part of sex reassignment are likely to improve gender dysphoria,
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Standards of Care usually give certain very specific "minimum" requirements as guidelines for progressing with treatment, causing them to be highly controversial and often maligned documents among transgender patients seeking surgery. Alternative local standards of care exist, such as in the
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patients possessed unwanted sex organs which they were eager to remove. Hence, they were not enthusiastic about engaging in sexual activity. Transsexual individuals who have undergone SRS are more satisfied with their bodies and experienced less stress when participating in sexual activity.
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Looking specifically at transsexual people's genital sensitivities, both trans men and trans women are capable of maintaining their genital sensitivities after SRS. However, these are counted upon the procedures and surgical tricks which are used to preserve the sensitivity. Considering the
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A growing number of public and commercial health insurance plans in the United States now contain defined benefits covering sex reassignment-related procedures, usually including genital reconstruction surgery (MTF and FTM), chest reconstruction (FTM), breast augmentation (MTF), and
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in genital sexual activities, like masturbation and intercourse. Many studies reviewed that both trans men and trans women have reported an increase of orgasms in both sexual activities, implying the possibilities to maintain or even enhance genital sensitivity after SRS.
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and bigenital or gender nullification surgeries are available. Bigenital operations include androgynoplasty, a procedure that retains the penis, or vagina-preserving phalloplasty. However, these procedures are extremely rare. In 2017, one of the leading UK trans surgeons,
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Sex reassignment surgery is generally not performed on children under 18, though in rare cases may be performed on adolescents if health care providers agree there is an unusual benefit to doing so or risk to not performing it. Preferred treatments for children include
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in their reconstructed genitals is one of the essential objectives surgeons want to achieve in SRS. Moreover, studies have also found that the critical procedure for genital sensitivity maintenance and achieving orgasms after phalloplasty is to preserve both the
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As underscored by WPATH, a medically transitioning may entail a variety of non-genital surgical procedures that change primary or secondary sex characteristics, any of which are considered "gender-affirming surgery" when undertaken to affirm a person's
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The prevalence of transgender-related surgeries is difficult to measure and likely underestimated. In 2015, the largest survey of transgender people in the United States reported that 25% of respondents reported having undergone such a surgery.
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Many patients perceive the outcome of the surgery as not only medically but also psychologically important. Social support can help them to relate to their minority identity, ascertain their trans identity and reduce minority stress.
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and living as a member of the target gender full-time, sometimes called the real life experience (RLE) (sometimes mistakenly referred to as the real life test (RLT)) before sex reassignment surgeries are covered by insurance.
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Many surgeons require two letters of recommendation for sex reassignment surgery. At least one of these letters must be from a mental health professional experienced in diagnosing gender identity disorder (now recognized as
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Murad MH, Elamin MB, Garcia MZ, Mullan RJ, Murad A, Erwin PJ, et al. (February 2010). "Hormonal therapy and sex reassignment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of quality of life and psychosocial outcomes".
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As of 2017, some European countries require forced sterilization for the legal recognition of sex reassignment. As of 2020, Japan also requires an individual to undergo sterilization to change their legal sex.
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Gómez-Gil E, Zubiaurre-Elorza L, de Antonio IE, Guillamon A, Salamero M (March 2014). "Determinants of quality of life in Spanish transsexuals attending a gender unit before genital sex reassignment surgery".
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Djordjevic ML, Stanojevic D, Bizic M, Kojovic V, Majstorovic M, Vujovic S, et al. (May 2009). "Metoidioplasty as a single stage sex reassignment surgery in female transsexuals: Belgrade experience".
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for trans men, improves quality of life. A 2024 systematic review found that genital surgeries significantly improved depression and dissociation, with "mixed results" for other mental health outcomes.
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Smith YL, van Goozen SH, Cohen-Kettenis PT (April 2001). "Adolescents with gender identity disorder who were accepted or rejected for sex reassignment surgery: a prospective follow-up study".
2436:'s expectations for different aspects of their life, the sexual aspects have the lowest level of satisfaction among all other elements (physical, emotional and social levels). When comparing 4406:
Bradley SJ, Oliver GD, Chernick AB, Zucker KJ (July 1998). "Experiment of nurture: ablatio penis at 2 months, sex reassignment at 7 months, and a psychosexual follow-up in young adulthood".
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Wierckx K, Van Caenegem E, Elaut E, Dedecker D, Van de Peer F, Toye K, et al. (December 2011). "Quality of life and sexual health after sex reassignment surgery in transsexual men".
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and vaginoplasty, which she hoped would allow her to give birth. However, her body rejected the transplanted uterus, and she died of post-operative complications in September, at age 48.
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Fertility is also a factor considered in SRS, as patients are typically informed that if an orchiectomy or oöphoro-hysterectomy is performed, it will make them irreversibly infertile.
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importance of genital sensitivity in helping transsexual individuals to avoid unnecessary harm or injuries to the genitals, allowing trans men to obtain an erection by inserting a
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Pfäfflin F, Junge A (1998). "Sex reassignment: Thirty years of international follow-up studies after sex reassignment surgery—Comprehensive review 1961–1991". Book Section.
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Clinical research on long-term quality-of-life outcomes following surgery is limited and confounded by various factors, including small sample sizes, and baseline rates of
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and suicide) that occur when the surgically assigned gender does not match the individual's gender identity, which will be realized by the individual only later in life.
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and certain facial plastic reconstruction." In addition, other non-surgical procedures are also considered medically necessary treatments by WPATH, including facial hair
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Selvaggi G, Monstrey S, Ceulemans P, T'Sjoen G, De Cuypere G, Hoebeke P (April 2007). "Genital sensitivity after sex reassignment surgery in transsexual patients".
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Burton JS, Pfeifauf K, Skolnick GB, Sacks JM, Snyder-Warwick AK (June 2024). "Determinants of Public Opinion Toward Gender-Affirming Surgery in the United States".
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De Cuypere G, T'Sjoen G, Beerten R, Selvaggi G, De Sutter P, Hoebeke P, et al. (December 2005). "Sexual and physical health after sex reassignment surgery".
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is the first known trans woman to undergo complete male-to-female genital surgery. She was one of several transgender people in the care of sexologist
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Monstrey S, Vercruysse Jr H, De Cuypere G (2009). "Is Gender Reassignment Surgery Evidence Based? Recommendation for the Seventh Version of the WPATH
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Hage JJ, Bouman FG, de Graaf FH, Bloem JJ (June 1993). "Construction of the neophallus in female-to-male transsexuals: the Amsterdam experience".
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ruled in favor of Carola van Kück, a German trans woman whose insurance company denied her reimbursement for sex reassignment surgery as well as
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may undergo one or more feminizing procedures which result in anatomy that is typically gendered female. These include genital surgeries such as
4384: 3926: 2555: 6782: 6521: 5315:"Psychosocial adjustment to sex reassignment surgery: a qualitative examination and personal experiences of six transsexual persons in croatia" 2165: 1175: 5364:
Norton AT, Herek GM (2013). "Heterosexuals' attitudes toward transgender people: findings from a national probability sample of U.S. adults".
1324: 4823: 4459: 4354: 6816: 5699: 2023:, throughout and after surgery. Typically, a patient's treatment involves a healthcare team consisting of a variety of providers including 1787:, which is surgery to the breasts). However, the meaning of "sex reassignment surgery" has been clarified by the medical organization, the 743: 490: 4902: 3711: 6956: 6199: 6141: 5993: 2659: 2469: 663: 613: 503: 17: 4730: 6951: 6506: 4601:
Diamond M, Sigmundson HK (October 1997). "Management of intersexuality. Guidelines for dealing with persons with ambiguous genitalia".
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There is also Adam's apple enhancement therapy, in which cartilage is used to bring out the Adam's apple in female to male patients.
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Polly R, Nicole J (January 2011). "Understanding the transsexual patient: culturally sensitive care in emergency nursing practice".
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necessary, was performed on 14 November at a private hospital, since U.S. military hospitals lack the requisite surgical expertise.
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it is unethical to deny surgical or hormonal treatments to transgender people solely on the basis of their HIV or hepatitis status.
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Edgerton MT, Knorr NJ, Callison JR (January 1970). "The surgical treatment of transsexual patients. Limitations and indications".
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Lawrence AA (August 2003). "Factors associated with satisfaction or regret following male-to-female sex reassignment surgery".
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Infants born with intersex conditions might undergo interventions at or close to birth. This is controversial because of the
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Reports of people seeking gender-confirming surgery (vaginoplasty) go back to the 2nd century, such as the Roman Emperor
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Bishop BM (December 2015). "Pharmacotherapy Considerations in the Management of Transgender Patients: A Brief Review".
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before any intervention, and consent of a parent or guardian or court order is legally required in most jurisdictions.
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as "an example of an individual who was subjected to sex reassignment surgery without full knowledge or consent".
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Bellringer J (2017). "Surgery for Bodies Commonly Gendered as Male". In Richards C, Bouman WP, Barker MJ (eds.).
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Magnus Hirschfeld and the Quest for Sexual Freedom: A History of the First International Sexual Freedom Movement
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Hoopes JE, Knorr NJ, Wolf SR (November 1968). "Transsexualism: considerations regarding sexual reassignment".
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Voice feminizing surgery is a procedure in which the overall pitch range of the patient's voice is reduced.
948: 6649: 6644: 6481: 6469: 6268: 5942: 4691:"Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender Nonconforming People (Version 7)" 4494: 2322: 2228: 2094: 1813:) or tracheal shaving is a procedure in which the most prominent part of the thyroid cartilage is reduced. 1310: 1145: 921: 916: 738: 321: 1989:
The early history of sex reassignment surgery in transgender people has been reviewed by various authors.
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shame and stigma. Diamond considered the intersex condition as a difference of sex development, not as a
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The best-known gender-affirming procedures are those that reshape the genitals, which are also known as
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men. Moreover, trans men also had a lower sexual satisfaction with their sexual life than trans women.
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although the design of the survey and self-reported responses introduced some limitations and possible
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Clarification on Medical Necessity of Treatment, Sex Reassignment, and Insurance Coverage in the U.S.
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Diamond M, Beh HG (January 2008). "Changes in the management of children with intersex conditions".
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Karpel L, Cordier B (2013). "Postoperative regrets after sex reassignment surgery: A case report".
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Coleman E, Radix AE, Bouman WP, Brown GR, de Vries AL, Deutsch MB, et al. (19 August 2022).
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A 2020 meta-analysis found "evidence of low quality" that gender-affirming surgery, particularly
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Lawrence AA (April 2005). "Sexuality before and after male-to-female sex reassignment surgery".
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Bizic MR, Jeftovic M, Pusica S, Stojanovic B, Duisin D, Vujovic S, et al. (13 June 2018).
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Hage JJ (January 1995). "Medical requirements and consequences of sex reassignment surgery".
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Gaither TW, Awad MA, Osterberg EC, Murphy GP, Romero A, Bowers ML, et al. (March 2018).
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Sex assignment § Assignment in cases of infants with intersex traits, or cases of trauma
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A 2021 review found that less than 1% of 7,928 patients regretted gender-affirming surgery.
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psychological functioning and comorbidities, sexual function and overall quality of life."
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may have been the first U.S. surgeon to perform gender affirmation surgery, in about 1950.
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In addition to gender-affirming surgery, patients may need to follow a lifelong course of
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Boyle GJ (2005). "The scandal of genital mutilation surgery on infants". In May L (ed.).
4044:"Demographic and temporal trends in transgender identities and gender confirming surgery" 2397: 2020: 1909: 1756: 1512: 1398: 1210: 1109: 847: 618: 78: 5198: 5181:
Dhejne C, Lichtenstein P, Boman M, Johansson AL, Långström N, Landén M (February 2011).
3763: 2681: 2116:(SOC). The most widespread SOC in this field is published and frequently revised by the 6930: 6888: 6583: 6533: 6008: 5760: 5644: 5597: 5544: 5446: 5434: 5381: 5341: 5314: 5265: 5217: 5182: 5080: 5027: 4671: 4572:"Sexual Identity, Monozygotic Twins Reared in Discordant Sex Roles and a BBC Follow-Up" 4431: 4346: 4259: 4234: 4210: 4183: 4164: 4118: 4070: 4043: 4024: 3981: 3508: 3467: 3391: 3366: 3242: 3217: 3186: 3098: 3073: 2897: 2786: 2106: 1874: 1870: 1276: 1250: 131: 5480: 3826: 3462: 3445: 3218:"Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8" 1897:, a plastic surgeon active in World War II, worked to develop the first technique for 6362: 6356: 6280: 6146: 5900: 5765: 5731: 5636: 5589: 5536: 5484: 5438: 5346: 5257: 5222: 5163: 5159: 5115: 5111: 5072: 5068: 4954: 4663: 4618: 4550: 4520: 4484: 4423: 4338: 4264: 4215: 4156: 4110: 4075: 4016: 4012: 3973: 3969: 3808: 3804: 3669: 3573: 3563: 3512: 3498: 3471: 3396: 3247: 3178: 3134: 3103: 2975: 2936: 2901: 2889: 2778: 2740: 2651: 2641: 1855: 1672: 1577: 816: 810: 271: 136: 102: 5648: 5601: 5548: 5450: 5385: 5084: 5031: 4766: 4675: 4350: 4168: 4122: 4028: 3985: 3190: 1840:, an American tuberculosis specialist, became one of the first trans men to undergo 6221: 5937: 5628: 5581: 5528: 5476: 5430: 5373: 5336: 5326: 5292: 5269: 5249: 5212: 5202: 5155: 5107: 5064: 5019: 4944: 4653: 4645: 4610: 4435: 4415: 4328: 4254: 4246: 4205: 4195: 4148: 4102: 4065: 4055: 4008: 3965: 3800: 3490: 3457: 3386: 3378: 3237: 3229: 3170: 3126: 3093: 3085: 2971: 2963: 2928: 2879: 2790: 2770: 2134: 2052: 2048: 1978:
person against a surgeon for non-consensual surgical intervention described by the
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procedure, or series of procedures, that alters a person's physical appearance and
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became the first country in the world to allow transgender people to change their
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AMA Resolution 122 "Removing Financial Barriers to Care for Transgender Patients"
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developed a new surgical technique, which he used in surgeries for more than 500
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issues and suicide among transgender people compared to the general population.
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seeking surgery may undergo one or more masculinizing procedures, which include
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are surgeries that result in anatomy that is typically gendered female, such as
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a written initial assessment by a qualified licensed mental health professional
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Genital surgery may also involve other medically necessary procedures, such as
1676: 1665: 1596: 1558: 1516: 1220: 788: 783: 330: 5632: 5585: 5532: 5377: 5253: 5023: 4483: 3827:"European Court of Human Rights – Third Section – Case of Van Kück v. Germany" 6945: 6415: 6398: 6383: 6344: 6126: 6054: 5755: 4958: 3899: 3626: 3577: 2940: 2655: 2281: 2261: 2024: 869: 852: 837: 798: 591: 533: 126: 5799: 5617: 4060: 3158: 170: 6350: 6111: 6021: 5906: 5789: 5640: 5593: 5540: 5442: 5350: 5261: 5226: 5167: 5119: 5076: 4667: 4342: 4333: 4268: 4250: 4219: 4200: 4114: 4079: 3812: 3400: 3251: 3182: 3107: 2979: 2967: 2893: 2782: 2493: 2393: 2210: 1920: 1902: 1851: 1841: 1837: 1736: 1661: 1642: 1570: 1562: 1554: 1550: 1504: 1431: 1406: 1390: 1288: 804: 467: 409: 277: 160: 5874: 5488: 5331: 4649: 4622: 4427: 4419: 4160: 4020: 3977: 3045:"Dr. Chettawut's Skin Graft Technique for SRS | Chettawut Plastic Surgery" 1880:
A previous sex reassignment surgery (SRS) patient was Magnus Hirschfeld's
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are those that result in anatomy that is typically gendered male, such as
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United Nations, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (2015).
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Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People
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after "reassignment surgery" and provide free hormone treatment in 1972.
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Gender-affirming surgery is often sensationalized and misrepresented by
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Dr.Chettawut- Sex reassignment and Facial feminization surgery center
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underwent four sex reassignment surgeries, including orchiectomy, an
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Gender-affirming surgery is known by numerous other names, including
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people, both the same operations as binary trans people of the same
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Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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Goldberg AE, Beemyn G, eds. (2021). "Ancient and Medieval Times".
2011:
Some transgender persons present with health conditions including
1912:
performed Brazil's first male-to-female gender-affirming surgery.
1901:, producing a technique that has become a modern standard, called 5887: 5813: 5778: 4787:"NASW Policy Statement on Transgender and Gender Identity Issues" 3689:
How Sex Changed: A History of Transsexuality in the United States
2487: 2406: 2396:, the ability for transsexual people to experience erogenous and 1566: 258: 184: 149: 5180: 5145: 4488: 3789: 6853: 5851: 5666: 5312: 5005: 4824:"New Report Shows Where It's Illegal To Be Transgender In 2020" 3865: 2413: 2412:
Erogenous sensitivity is measured by the capabilities to reach
2016: 1427: 1349: 1215: 222: 5794: 5097: 4235:"The Evolving Role of Pharmacists in Transgender Health Care" 4181: 2164:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
1557:(removal of the ovaries). A penis can be constructed through 1424:
hormone replacement therapy to support the endocrine system.
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WPATH World Professional Association for Transgender Health
4184:"Gender Dysphoria: Bioethical Aspects of Medical Treatment" 3367:"Patient Satisfaction after Aesthetic Chondrolaryngoplasty" 3365:
Cohen MB, Insalaco LF, Tonn CR, Spiegel JH (October 2018).
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Baptist Medical Center sex reassignment surgery controversy
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are also aesthetic components of their surgical treatment.
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refer to surgeries on the chest and genitals respectively.
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conjunction with phalloplasty to produce a larger, more "
1684:, commented that he had never received a request for it. 1477:
Some transgender people who desire medical assistance to
1240: 4934: 4854:"Health Insurance Discrimination for Transgender People" 4638:
Nature Clinical Practice. Endocrinology & Metabolism
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Shelemy L, Cotton S, Crane C, Knight M (3 April 2024).
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Gender-critical or trans-exclusionary radical feminism
4733:. Tssurgeryguide.com. 17 December 2003. Archived from 3655:
Man into Woman: an authentic record of a change of sex
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The Psychobiology of Transsexualism and Transgenderism
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Traversing Gender: Understanding Transgender Realities
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followed soon after in 1973, being the first in Asia.
4903:"Pentagon to pay for surgery for transgender soldier" 4702:
World Professional Association for Transgender Health
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Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc. (PPFA)
2839:"Trans People Are Seeking Nonbinary Bottom Surgeries" 2118:
World Professional Association for Transgender Health
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as treatment of what is now called gender dysphoria.
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World Professional Association for Transgender Health
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typically pursued by people assigned male at birth.
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As Nature Made Him: The Boy Who Was Raised as a Girl
3336:"Voice feminizing therapy and surgery – Mayo Clinic" 2223:
months of prior physician-supervised hormone therapy
1957:
Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights
1466:, though this term is usually considered offensive. 1379:
Professional medical organizations have established
1360:, although many such treatments are also pursued by 5308: 5306: 3868:"SOGI Casebook Introduction, Chapter six: Intersex" 3288: 2405:hood and the clitoris underneath the reconstructed 1930:Following phalloplasty, in 1999, the procedure for 1348:to resemble those associated with their identified 5514: 5512: 5510: 5508: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5500: 5498: 5313:Jokić-Begić N, Lauri Korajlija A, Jurin T (2014). 3785: 3783: 3781: 1364:and non-intersex individuals. It is also known as 5613: 5611: 5403:. New York, NY, U.S.: Springer. pp. 319–330. 5401:Gender Dysphoria and Disorders of Sex Development 4600: 2805:"Gender-Affirming Surgery: Masculinizing Options" 2250: 6943: 5804: 5416: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5303: 4894: 4603:Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 175: 5495: 5141: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5133: 5131: 5129: 4930: 4928: 3998: 3778: 3371:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open 3152: 3150: 3067: 3065: 5608: 4487:, Commissioner for Human Rights (April 2015), 4452:Free & Equal Campaign Fact Sheet: Intersex 3562:(1st ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 3524: 3522: 3484: 2861: 2859: 2627: 1641:, genital reconstruction usually involves the 5693: 5407: 5282: 4997: 4794:National Association of Social Workers (NASW) 4490:Human rights and intersex people, Issue Paper 4041: 3834:Österreichisches Institut für Menschenrechtet 2809:Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) 2162:The examples and perspective in this section 1318: 27:Surgical procedures to affirm gender identity 5462: 5460: 5126: 4965: 4925: 4868: 4399: 4134: 4132: 3584: 3147: 3062: 2868:"Gender-Affirming Care for Cisgender People" 2832: 2830: 2456:had a lower level of sexual satisfaction to 2220:persistent, well-documented gender dysphoria 2041: 1974:won the first successful case brought by an 1735:(the shaping of a male-contoured chest), or 5363: 4941:International Journal of Transgender Health 4232: 3992: 3949: 3658:. London: Jarrold Publisher's. p. 128. 3519: 3222:International Journal of Transgender Health 3078:The International Journal of Transgenderism 2865: 2856: 2760: 2470:Legal status of gender-affirming healthcare 1352:. The phrase is most often associated with 5700: 5686: 4688: 4635: 3686: 3668: 3120: 2633: 2180:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 2076:There can be negative outcomes (including 1884:, but their name has not been discovered. 1325: 1311: 5575: 5457: 5340: 5330: 5216: 5206: 4948: 4689:Weber-Main AM (July 2012). Fall H (ed.). 4657: 4539: 4332: 4258: 4209: 4199: 4129: 4069: 4059: 4001:The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 3461: 3437: 3390: 3241: 3097: 2992: 2883: 2827: 2640:. Mystic Productions Press. p. 287. 2345:Learn how and when to remove this message 2196:Learn how and when to remove this message 2006: 1628:Gender-affirming surgery (female-to-male) 1624:Gender-affirming surgery (male-to-female) 5561: 5398: 5239: 4314: 4042:Nolan IT, Kuhner CJ, Dy GW (June 2019). 3691:. Harvard University Press. p. 214. 3443: 2597: 1706: 1587:can also refer to operations pursued by 5012:International Journal of Transgenderism 5000:International Journal of Transgenderism 4971: 4846: 4569: 4442: 3555: 3071: 2914: 2583:National Library Board (NLB) eResources 2359:International Journal of Transgenderism 1762: 14: 6944: 6027:Legal recognition of non-binary gender 5707: 4092: 3590: 3487:The SAGE Encyclopedia of Trans Studies 3415:"Facial Masculinization Surgery (FMS)" 2237:National Association of Social Workers 1939:-appearing" penis in multiple stages. 1617: 1610:activists through terminology such as 1511:(construction of a vulva), as well as 5681: 4549:. Sydney: Harper Collins Publishers. 4514: 3907:from the original on 1 September 2017 3866:International Commission of Jurists. 3701: 3651: 2734: 2570: 2448:had a similar sexual satisfaction to 2291:Psychological and social consequences 2059:Intersex children and cases of trauma 1955:. The legal arguments related to the 1927:in Brazil and from around the world. 1645:. The two most common techniques are 1481:from one sex to another identify as " 4900: 4615:10.1001/archpedi.1997.02170470080015 4497:from the original on 21 January 2022 4387:from the original on 2 November 2013 4138: 3937:from the original on 22 October 2020 3892: 3859: 2836: 2754: 2728: 2609:American Society of Plastic Surgeons 2576: 2558:from the original on 22 January 2022 2312:research paper or scientific journal 2294: 2148: 2100: 1783:(the latter is named in contrast to 4821: 4594: 4582:from the original on 30 August 2019 4477: 4296:from the original on 14 August 2015 4048:Translational Andrology and Urology 3838:Austrian Institute for Human Rights 2001: 1980:International Commission of Jurists 1727:. For trans men, these may include 1599:, or testicular implants following 360:Puberty-suppressing hormone therapy 24: 6957:Surgical procedures and techniques 5435:10.1097/01.sap.0000238428.91834.be 4860:. 26 February 2009. Archived from 4834:from the original on 30 April 2021 4563: 4233:Redfern JS, Jann MW (April 2019). 3958:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 3674:Zeitschrift für Sexualwissenschaft 3607:from the original on 21 April 2016 3197:from the original on 11 March 2022 3123:Genderqueer and Non-Binary Genders 2815:from the original on 25 April 2022 2763:Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal 2662:from the original on 16 March 2020 2255: 2233:American Psychological Association 1702: 1632: 25: 6968: 6952:Gender transitioning and medicine 5659: 4913:from the original on 30 July 2020 4465:from the original on 4 March 2016 4357:from the original on 19 July 2019 3847:from the original on 9 March 2021 3528: 3463:10.1097/01.JU.0000555394.71572.8e 2615:from the original on 12 June 2020 2499:Healthcare and the LGBT community 1643:surgical construction of a vagina 6924: 5665: 5160:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02348.x 5112:10.1097/00004583-200104000-00017 5069:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03625.x 4013:10.1097/00005053-196811000-00007 3970:10.1097/00006534-197001000-00006 3805:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.01065.x 3425:from the original on 23 May 2021 3346:from the original on 23 May 2021 2993:Birenbaum G (25 February 2021). 2866:Schall TE, Moses JD (May 2023). 2579:"First sex reassignment surgery" 2444:individuals of the same gender, 2299: 2153: 2086:John A. Burns School of Medicine 1963:. This affair is referred to as 1809:Adam's apple reduction surgery ( 1462:. It is also sometimes called a 1373: 1295: 1294: 1282: 1270: 421:Assisted reproductive technology 5555: 5392: 5357: 5276: 5233: 5174: 5091: 5047: 5038: 4991: 4815: 4723: 4682: 4629: 4533: 4508: 4369: 4308: 4275: 4226: 4175: 4086: 4035: 3886: 3874:from the original on 7 May 2019 3819: 3762:. 22 March 2014. Archived from 3752: 3726: 3714:from the original on 5 May 2019 3695: 3680: 3662: 3645: 3619: 3549: 3489:. SAGE Publishing. p. 32. 3478: 3444:Smith S, Han J (1 April 2019). 3407: 3358: 3328: 3276:from the original on 5 May 2019 3258: 3209: 3114: 3037: 3012: 2986: 2947: 2908: 2711:"Glossary of Transgender Terms" 2605:"Gender Confirmation Surgeries" 2463: 1942: 1831: 1741:bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy 6325:Cisgender / cissexual 6320:Childhood gender nonconformity 5148:The Journal of Sexual Medicine 4796:. August 2008 . Archived from 4141:Medicine, Science, and the Law 3793:The Journal of Sexual Medicine 3593:"The tragic true story behind 3125:. Springer. pp. 247–263. 2915:McClain LC (27 January 2023). 2797: 2703: 2674: 2544: 2516:Sexual and reproductive health 2251:Post-procedural considerations 1949:European Court of Human Rights 1773:genital reconstruction surgery 1441: 1358:intersex medical interventions 779:Cisgender / cissexual 774:Childhood gender nonconformity 400:Facial masculinization surgery 13: 1: 6894:Social construction of gender 5481:10.1016/S0022-5347(17)36416-9 4950:10.1080/26895269.2024.2333525 4570:Diamond M (6 November 2009). 4517:Transgenders and Intersexuals 4188:BioMed Research International 3556:Mancini E (8 November 2010). 3234:10.1080/26895269.2022.2100644 3090:10.1080/15532739.2018.1534075 2739:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. 2690:Merriam-Webster, Incorporated 2554:. Trafalgar.com. 1 May 2009. 2537: 1992: 1860:Institute for Sexual Research 1731:(removal of the breasts) and 1256:Social construction of gender 6374:Gender-sexuality questioning 5208:10.1371/journal.pone.0016885 4377:"Gender dysphoria treatment" 3591:Harrod H (8 December 2015). 3383:10.1097/GOX.0000000000001877 3131:10.1057/978-1-137-51053-2_12 2837:Baum SE (14 November 2022). 2775:10.1097/TME.0b013e3182080ef4 2510:O'Donnabhain v. Commissioner 2382: 2275:A secondary analysis of the 2229:American Medical Association 2144: 1769:genital reassignment surgery 1711:Transgender man with healed 1507:(construction of a vagina), 1503:(removal of the testicles), 828:Gender-sexuality questioning 7: 5564:Archives of Sexual Behavior 5521:Archives of Sexual Behavior 5297:10.1016/j.sexol.2012.08.014 5242:Archives of Sexual Behavior 4901:Kube C (14 November 2017). 4315:Rafferty J (October 2018). 2921:Journal of Law and Religion 2634:Harrington L (1 May 2016). 2474: 2242:In 2017, the United States 2176:, discuss the issue on the 1953:hormone replacement therapy 1749:facial feminization surgery 1525:facial feminization surgery 1460:gender confirmation surgery 1456:gender reassignment surgery 1370:gender confirmation surgery 393:Facial feminization surgery 18:Gender-reassignment surgery 10: 6973: 6309:Androphilia and gynephilia 6017:Gender self-identification 4972:Millman A (4 March 2021). 4153:10.1177/002580249503500105 3495:10.4135/9781544393858.n188 3175:10.1016/j.juro.2017.10.013 2872:The Hastings Center Report 2467: 2104: 2062: 1819: 1621: 1612:genital-mutilation surgery 1529:voice feminization surgery 1448:gender-affirmation surgery 763:Androphilia and gynephilia 463:Gender self-identification 6904: 6839: 6815: 6582: 6532: 6433: 6426: 6296: 6157: 6085:Against non-binary people 6075: 6007: 5925: 5766:Non-binary or genderqueer 5718: 5633:10.1007/s11136-013-0497-3 5586:10.1007/s10508-005-1793-y 5533:10.1007/s10508-005-7926-5 5423:Annals of Plastic Surgery 5378:10.1007/s11199-011-0110-6 5319:TheScientificWorldJournal 5024:10.1080/15532730903383799 4731:"WPATH Standards of Care" 3893:M.H. (1 September 2017). 3740:(in Brazilian Portuguese) 3702:Roach M (18 March 2007). 3072:Vincent B (3 July 2019). 2585:. Government of Singapore 2577:Chan MC (4 August 2011). 2042:Gender dysphoric children 1777:sex reassignment surgery, 1747:). For some trans women, 1651:rectosigmoid vaginoplasty 1553:(removal of the uterus), 1403:masculinization surgeries 137:Non-binary or genderqueer 5672:Gender-affirming surgery 5621:Quality of Life Research 2532: 2327:overly technical phrases 2319:help improve the section 2122:psychological evaluation 1743:(removal of ovaries and 1585:Gender-affirming surgery 1539:assigned female at birth 1499:(removal of the penis), 1452:sex reassignment surgery 1366:sex reassignment surgery 1338:Gender-affirming surgery 582:Parental rights movement 491:Political office-holders 370:Gender-affirming surgery 6210:Non-binary People's Day 6090:Against transgender men 5805: 5738:Bissu, Calabai, Calalai 5254:10.1023/A:1024086814364 4383:. U.K. 3 October 2018. 4381:National Health Service 4061:10.21037/tau.2019.04.09 3310:, WPATH, archived from 2521:Transgender health care 2277:U.S. Transgender Survey 1865:Between 1930 and 1931, 1354:transgender health care 176: 109:Bissu, Calabai, Calalai 6931:Transgender portal 6884:Sex–gender distinction 6351:Gender detransitioning 6167:Anatomical terminology 5469:The Journal of Urology 5057:Clinical Endocrinology 4334:10.1542/peds.2018-2162 4251:10.1089/trgh.2018.0038 3927:"A Really High Hurdle" 3450:The Journal of Urology 3163:The Journal of Urology 2968:10.1089/trgh.2022.0119 2715:Johns Hopkins Medicine 2364:Clinical Endocrinology 2007:Medical considerations 1719: 1493:assigned male at birth 1387:Feminization surgeries 1346:sexual characteristics 1277:Transgender portal 1246:Sex–gender distinction 805:Gender detransitioning 692:Anatomical terminology 6869:Queer heterosexuality 6389:Rapid-onset dysphoria 6067:Yogyakarta Principles 4858:Human Rights Campaign 4650:10.1038/ncpendmet0694 4576:University of Hawaiʻi 4420:10.1542/peds.102.1.e9 3840:]. 12 June 2003. 3687:Meyerowitz J (2002). 3652:Hoyer N, ed. (1933). 2526:Yogyakarta Principles 2504:Morphological freedom 2357:A 2009 review in the 2244:Defense Health Agency 1947:On 12 June 2003, the 1710: 1231:Queer heterosexuality 843:Rapid-onset dysphoria 626:Yogyakarta Principles 6363:Gender transitioning 6315:Blanchard's typology 6237:fictional characters 6095:Anti-gender movement 6047:Rights organizations 5674:at Wikimedia Commons 4864:on 26 February 2009. 4772:on 11 February 2009. 4711:on 20 September 2012 4201:10.1155/2018/9652305 3704:"Girls Will Be Boys" 3419:Constructive Surgery 3317:on 30 September 2011 3228:(Suppl 1): S1–S259. 2269:chest reconstruction 2174:improve this section 2090:University of Hawaii 1811:chondrolaryngoplasty 1763:Scope and procedures 1733:chest reconstruction 1716:chest reconstruction 1543:chest reconstruction 817:Gender transitioning 769:Blanchard's typology 697:Fictional characters 643:Events and awareness 549:Anti-gender movement 6849:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 6182:LGBTQ-related films 6159:Society and culture 5399:Bockting W (2014). 5332:10.1155/2014/960745 5199:2011PLoSO...616885D 4737:on 1 September 2014 4283:"Standards of Care" 3633:. 10 September 2015 3537:on 18 December 2019 3531:"Trans Media Watch" 3024:Estetica Thailandia 2398:tactile sensitivity 2321:by rewriting it in 2030:People with HIV or 2021:sex hormone therapy 1965:van Kück vs Germany 1836:In the US in 1917, 1757:breast augmentation 1618:Surgical procedures 1513:breast augmentation 1399:breast augmentation 1211:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 756:Theory and concepts 638:Society and culture 619:Trans panic defense 6889:Sexual orientation 6195:Day of Remembrance 5372:(11–12): 738–753. 4239:Transgender Health 3931:Human Rights Watch 3708:The New York Times 2956:Transgender Health 2933:10.1017/jlr.2023.1 2323:encyclopedic style 2310:is written like a 2227:In June 2008, the 2107:Transgender rights 1972:Christiane Völling 1899:female-to-male SRS 1875:uterine transplant 1871:ovarian transplant 1720: 1578:non-binary genders 1519:(reduction of the 1251:Sexual orientation 1090:Disenfranchisement 659:Day of Remembrance 560:trans-exclusionary 45:Transgender topics 6939: 6938: 6835: 6834: 6357:Gender expression 6200:Day of Visibility 5721:Gender identities 5670:Media related to 5154:(12): 3379–3388. 5008:Standards of Care 4609:(10): 1046–1050. 4556:978-0-7322-7433-7 4526:978-0-9751145-4-4 4485:Council of Europe 4107:10.1002/phar.1668 4101:(12): 1130–1139. 3933:. 19 March 2019. 3569:978-0-230-11439-5 3504:978-1-5443-9381-0 3140:978-1-137-51052-5 2885:10.1002/hast.1486 2746:978-1-4408-3127-0 2735:Bevan TE (2014). 2647:978-1-942733-83-6 2362:meta-analysis in 2355: 2354: 2347: 2206: 2205: 2198: 2101:Standards of care 1925:transgender women 1856:Magnus Hirschfeld 1381:Standards of Care 1335: 1334: 1181:elected officials 811:Gender expression 664:Day of Visibility 473:Non-binary gender 439:Standards of Care 96:Gender identities 16:(Redirected from 6964: 6929: 6928: 6806: 6673: 6639: 6610: 6560: 6478: 6451: 6431: 6430: 6365: 6353: 6311: 6232:Media portrayals 6160: 5938:Gender dysphoria 5931: 5810: 5722: 5702: 5695: 5688: 5679: 5678: 5669: 5653: 5652: 5615: 5606: 5605: 5579: 5559: 5553: 5552: 5516: 5493: 5492: 5475:(6): 1463–1468. 5464: 5455: 5454: 5418: 5405: 5404: 5396: 5390: 5389: 5361: 5355: 5354: 5344: 5334: 5310: 5301: 5300: 5280: 5274: 5273: 5237: 5231: 5230: 5220: 5210: 5178: 5172: 5171: 5143: 5124: 5123: 5095: 5089: 5088: 5051: 5045: 5042: 5036: 5035: 5003: 4995: 4989: 4988: 4986: 4984: 4969: 4963: 4962: 4952: 4932: 4923: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4898: 4892: 4891: 4890:on 27 March 2009 4889: 4883:, archived from 4882: 4872: 4866: 4865: 4850: 4844: 4843: 4841: 4839: 4819: 4813: 4812: 4810: 4808: 4803:on 15 March 2023 4802: 4791: 4783: 4774: 4773: 4771: 4765:. Archived from 4764: 4756: 4747: 4746: 4744: 4742: 4727: 4721: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4710: 4704:. Archived from 4695: 4686: 4680: 4679: 4661: 4633: 4627: 4626: 4598: 4592: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4567: 4561: 4560: 4537: 4531: 4530: 4512: 4506: 4505: 4504: 4502: 4481: 4475: 4474: 4472: 4470: 4464: 4457: 4446: 4440: 4439: 4403: 4397: 4396: 4394: 4392: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4336: 4327:(4): e20182162. 4312: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4295: 4279: 4273: 4272: 4262: 4230: 4224: 4223: 4213: 4203: 4179: 4173: 4172: 4136: 4127: 4126: 4090: 4084: 4083: 4073: 4063: 4039: 4033: 4032: 3996: 3990: 3989: 3953: 3947: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3923: 3917: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3890: 3884: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3863: 3857: 3856: 3854: 3852: 3846: 3831: 3823: 3817: 3816: 3799:(5): 1306–1313. 3787: 3776: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3766:on 22 March 2014 3760:"}} Revista Tpm" 3756: 3750: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3730: 3724: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3684: 3678: 3677: 3666: 3660: 3659: 3649: 3643: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3623: 3617: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3588: 3582: 3581: 3553: 3547: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3533:. Archived from 3526: 3517: 3516: 3482: 3476: 3475: 3465: 3441: 3435: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3411: 3405: 3404: 3394: 3362: 3356: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3332: 3326: 3325: 3324: 3322: 3316: 3309: 3299: 3286: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3262: 3256: 3255: 3245: 3213: 3207: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3154: 3145: 3144: 3118: 3112: 3111: 3101: 3084:(2–3): 132–137. 3069: 3060: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3041: 3035: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3016: 3010: 3009: 3007: 3005: 2990: 2984: 2983: 2974: 11299100. 2951: 2945: 2944: 2912: 2906: 2905: 2887: 2863: 2854: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2834: 2825: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2801: 2795: 2794: 2758: 2752: 2750: 2732: 2726: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2707: 2701: 2700: 2698: 2696: 2678: 2672: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2631: 2625: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2601: 2595: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2574: 2568: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2548: 2350: 2343: 2339: 2336: 2330: 2303: 2302: 2295: 2201: 2194: 2190: 2187: 2181: 2157: 2156: 2149: 2135:gender dysphoria 2053:gender dysphoria 2049:puberty blockers 2025:endocrinologists 2002:Prior to surgery 1793:gender dysphoria 1753:hair transplants 1682:James Bellringer 1647:penile inversion 1591:people, such as 1576:As knowledge of 1547:breast reduction 1411:breast reduction 1327: 1320: 1313: 1298: 1297: 1289:LGBTQ portal 1287: 1286: 1285: 1275: 1274: 1125: 952: 819: 807: 765: 712:Media portrayals 565: 564: 563:radical feminism 561: 557: 509:Military service 441: 429: 412: 402: 395: 386: 379: 372: 362: 343: 333: 324: 317: 315:Gender dysphoria 310: 181: 65: 62: 59: 56: 53: 32: 31: 21: 6972: 6971: 6967: 6966: 6965: 6963: 6962: 6961: 6942: 6941: 6940: 6935: 6923: 6900: 6899: 6898: 6831: 6818: 6811: 6800: 6667: 6633: 6604: 6578: 6554: 6528: 6472: 6445: 6422: 6421: 6420: 6411:Transmedicalism 6379:Gender variance 6369:Gender identity 6361: 6349: 6307: 6298: 6292: 6158: 6153: 6071: 6042:Rights movement 6003: 5955:Hormone therapy 5950:Puberty blocker 5926: 5921: 5920: 5919: 5771:Gender fluidity 5720: 5714: 5706: 5662: 5657: 5656: 5616: 5609: 5577:10.1.1.538.6381 5560: 5556: 5517: 5496: 5465: 5458: 5419: 5408: 5397: 5393: 5362: 5358: 5311: 5304: 5281: 5277: 5238: 5234: 5179: 5175: 5144: 5127: 5096: 5092: 5052: 5048: 5044:Monstrey et al. 5043: 5039: 4996: 4992: 4982: 4980: 4970: 4966: 4933: 4926: 4916: 4914: 4899: 4895: 4887: 4880: 4874: 4873: 4869: 4852: 4851: 4847: 4837: 4835: 4820: 4816: 4806: 4804: 4800: 4789: 4785: 4784: 4777: 4769: 4762: 4758: 4757: 4750: 4740: 4738: 4729: 4728: 4724: 4714: 4712: 4708: 4693: 4687: 4683: 4634: 4630: 4599: 4595: 4585: 4583: 4568: 4564: 4557: 4538: 4534: 4527: 4513: 4509: 4500: 4498: 4482: 4478: 4468: 4466: 4462: 4455: 4447: 4443: 4404: 4400: 4390: 4388: 4375: 4374: 4370: 4360: 4358: 4313: 4309: 4299: 4297: 4293: 4281: 4280: 4276: 4231: 4227: 4180: 4176: 4137: 4130: 4095:Pharmacotherapy 4091: 4087: 4040: 4036: 3997: 3993: 3954: 3950: 3940: 3938: 3925: 3924: 3920: 3910: 3908: 3891: 3887: 3877: 3875: 3864: 3860: 3850: 3848: 3844: 3829: 3825: 3824: 3820: 3788: 3779: 3769: 3767: 3758: 3757: 3753: 3743: 3741: 3738:BBC News Brasil 3732: 3731: 3727: 3717: 3715: 3700: 3696: 3685: 3681: 3667: 3663: 3650: 3646: 3636: 3634: 3625: 3624: 3620: 3610: 3608: 3595:The Danish Girl 3589: 3585: 3570: 3554: 3550: 3540: 3538: 3527: 3520: 3505: 3483: 3479: 3442: 3438: 3428: 3426: 3413: 3412: 3408: 3363: 3359: 3349: 3347: 3334: 3333: 3329: 3320: 3318: 3314: 3307: 3301: 3300: 3289: 3279: 3277: 3264: 3263: 3259: 3214: 3210: 3200: 3198: 3155: 3148: 3141: 3119: 3115: 3070: 3063: 3053: 3051: 3043: 3042: 3038: 3028: 3026: 3018: 3017: 3013: 3003: 3001: 2991: 2987: 2952: 2948: 2913: 2909: 2864: 2857: 2847: 2845: 2835: 2828: 2818: 2816: 2803: 2802: 2798: 2759: 2755: 2747: 2733: 2729: 2719: 2717: 2709: 2708: 2704: 2694: 2692: 2682:"Definition of 2680: 2679: 2675: 2665: 2663: 2648: 2632: 2628: 2618: 2616: 2603: 2602: 2598: 2588: 2586: 2575: 2571: 2561: 2559: 2550: 2549: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2530: 2477: 2472: 2466: 2385: 2351: 2340: 2334: 2331: 2316: 2304: 2300: 2293: 2258: 2256:Quality of life 2253: 2202: 2191: 2185: 2182: 2171: 2158: 2154: 2147: 2109: 2103: 2067: 2061: 2044: 2009: 2004: 1995: 1959:as well as the 1945: 1834: 1822: 1765: 1745:fallopian tubes 1725:gender identity 1713:double incision 1705: 1703:Other surgeries 1635: 1633:Genital surgery 1630: 1622:Main articles: 1620: 1444: 1331: 1293: 1283: 1281: 1269: 1261: 1260: 1206: 1198: 1197: 1119: 1113: 1106: 946: 891: 885: 875: 874: 865:Transmedicalism 833:Gender variance 823:Gender identity 815: 803: 761: 757: 749: 748: 688: 683: 654:Beauty pageants 645: 639: 631: 630: 587:Transgender men 562: 559: 556:Gender-critical 555: 554: 545: 495: 481:Rights movement 477: 458: 447: 446: 437: 425: 408: 405: 398: 391: 382: 375: 368: 365: 358: 341:Hormone therapy 339: 336: 329: 320: 313: 306: 302: 291: 290: 142:Gender fluidity 98: 88: 63: 60: 57: 54: 51: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6970: 6960: 6959: 6954: 6937: 6936: 6934: 6933: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6905: 6902: 6901: 6897: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6859:Gender studies 6856: 6851: 6845: 6844: 6843: 6841: 6837: 6836: 6833: 6832: 6830: 6829: 6823: 6821: 6819:office-holders 6813: 6812: 6810: 6809: 6808: 6807: 6792: 6791: 6790: 6785: 6775: 6774: 6773: 6766:United Kingdom 6763: 6762: 6761: 6753: 6748: 6747: 6746: 6738: 6737: 6736: 6731: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6707: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6681: 6676: 6675: 6674: 6659: 6658: 6657: 6655:2016 bill C-16 6647: 6642: 6641: 6640: 6625: 6624: 6623: 6613: 6612: 6611: 6599: 6588: 6586: 6580: 6579: 6577: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6549: 6544: 6538: 6536: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6526: 6525: 6524: 6514: 6512:United Kingdom 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6439: 6437: 6428: 6424: 6423: 6419: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6407: 6406: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6359: 6354: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6335:Cross-dressing 6332: 6330:Cisnormativity 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6304: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6294: 6293: 6291: 6290: 6283: 6278: 6277: 6276: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6245: 6244: 6239: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6218: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6190:Awareness Week 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6163: 6161: 6155: 6154: 6152: 6151: 6150: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6107:Asylum seekers 6104: 6103: 6102: 6092: 6087: 6081: 6079: 6077:Discrimination 6073: 6072: 6070: 6069: 6064: 6063: 6062: 6057: 6055:bathroom bills 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6013: 6011: 6005: 6004: 6002: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5990: 5989: 5984: 5974: 5973: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5952: 5947: 5946: 5945: 5934: 5932: 5923: 5922: 5918: 5917: 5912: 5911: 5910: 5903: 5893: 5892: 5891: 5884: 5877: 5867: 5862: 5861: 5860: 5855: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5816: 5811: 5802: 5797: 5787: 5782: 5775: 5774: 5773: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5741: 5734: 5728: 5727: 5726: 5724: 5716: 5715: 5705: 5704: 5697: 5690: 5682: 5676: 5675: 5661: 5660:External links 5658: 5655: 5654: 5627:(2): 669–676. 5607: 5570:(2): 147–166. 5554: 5527:(6): 679–690. 5494: 5456: 5429:(4): 427–433. 5406: 5391: 5356: 5302: 5291:(2): e55–e58. 5275: 5248:(4): 299–315. 5232: 5173: 5125: 5106:(4): 472–481. 5090: 5063:(2): 214–231. 5046: 5037: 5018:(3): 206–214. 4990: 4964: 4924: 4893: 4867: 4845: 4814: 4775: 4748: 4722: 4681: 4628: 4593: 4562: 4555: 4532: 4525: 4507: 4476: 4441: 4398: 4368: 4307: 4274: 4245:(1): 118–130. 4225: 4174: 4128: 4085: 4054:(3): 184–190. 4034: 4007:(5): 510–516. 3991: 3948: 3918: 3885: 3858: 3818: 3777: 3751: 3725: 3694: 3679: 3661: 3644: 3618: 3583: 3568: 3548: 3518: 3503: 3477: 3436: 3406: 3357: 3327: 3287: 3257: 3208: 3169:(3): 760–765. 3146: 3139: 3113: 3061: 3036: 3011: 2985: 2962:(3): 241–253. 2946: 2907: 2855: 2826: 2796: 2753: 2745: 2727: 2702: 2673: 2646: 2626: 2596: 2569: 2542: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2484: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2468:Main article: 2465: 2462: 2390:penile implant 2384: 2381: 2353: 2352: 2307: 2305: 2298: 2292: 2289: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2225: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2204: 2203: 2168:of the subject 2166:worldwide view 2161: 2159: 2152: 2146: 2143: 2102: 2099: 2082:Milton Diamond 2073:implications. 2063:Main article: 2060: 2057: 2043: 2040: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1994: 1991: 1944: 1941: 1932:metoidioplasty 1910:Roberto Farina 1895:Harold Gillies 1833: 1830: 1821: 1818: 1781:bottom surgery 1764: 1761: 1704: 1701: 1677:sex assignment 1666:metoidioplasty 1634: 1631: 1619: 1616: 1597:penile implant 1559:metoidioplasty 1531:among others. 1517:tracheal shave 1472:bottom surgery 1443: 1440: 1372:, and several 1333: 1332: 1330: 1329: 1322: 1315: 1307: 1304: 1303: 1292: 1291: 1279: 1266: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1221:Gender studies 1218: 1213: 1207: 1204: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1196: 1195: 1194: 1193: 1188: 1186:Cafeteria riot 1183: 1178: 1168: 1166:United Kingdom 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1137: 1136: 1126: 1107: 1105: 1104: 1103: 1102: 1097: 1092: 1082: 1081: 1080: 1075: 1068:United Kingdom 1065: 1064: 1063: 1055: 1050: 1049: 1048: 1040: 1035: 1034: 1033: 1025: 1020: 1019: 1018: 1013: 1005: 1000: 995: 994: 993: 988: 983: 975: 974: 973: 968: 963: 953: 941: 936: 931: 930: 929: 919: 914: 909: 908: 907: 902: 887: 886: 881: 880: 877: 876: 873: 872: 867: 862: 861: 860: 850: 845: 840: 835: 830: 825: 820: 813: 808: 801: 796: 791: 789:Cross-dressing 786: 784:Cisnormativity 781: 776: 771: 766: 758: 755: 754: 751: 750: 747: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 725: 724: 714: 709: 704: 699: 694: 684: 682: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 649:Awareness Week 641: 640: 637: 636: 633: 632: 629: 628: 623: 622: 621: 616: 606: 601: 596: 595: 594: 589: 584: 579: 572:Discrimination 569: 568: 567: 544: 543: 542: 541: 536: 534:Bathroom bills 528: 523: 522: 521: 516: 506: 501: 494: 493: 488: 483: 476: 475: 470: 465: 459: 453: 452: 449: 448: 445: 444: 443: 442: 430: 423: 418: 413: 404: 403: 396: 389: 388: 387: 384:male-to-female 380: 377:female-to-male 364: 363: 356: 355: 354: 349: 335: 334: 331:Sex assignment 327: 326: 325: 311: 303: 297: 296: 293: 292: 289: 288: 283: 282: 281: 274: 264: 263: 262: 255: 248: 238: 233: 232: 231: 226: 219: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 187: 182: 173: 168: 158: 153: 146: 145: 144: 134: 129: 124: 119: 112: 105: 99: 94: 93: 90: 89: 87: 86: 81: 76: 70: 67: 66: 48: 47: 41: 40: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6969: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6949: 6947: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6906: 6903: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6846: 6842: 6838: 6828: 6827:United States 6825: 6824: 6822: 6820: 6814: 6804: 6799: 6796: 6795: 6793: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6783:legal history 6781: 6780: 6779: 6778:United States 6776: 6772: 6769: 6768: 6767: 6764: 6760: 6757: 6756: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6745: 6742: 6741: 6740:South Africa 6739: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6726: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6686: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6671: 6666: 6663: 6662: 6660: 6656: 6653: 6652: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6637: 6632: 6629: 6628: 6626: 6622: 6619: 6618: 6617: 6614: 6608: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6594: 6593: 6590: 6589: 6587: 6585: 6581: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6558: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6547:ancient Egypt 6545: 6543: 6540: 6539: 6537: 6535: 6531: 6523: 6520: 6519: 6518: 6517:United States 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6476: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6449: 6444: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6436: 6432: 6429: 6425: 6417: 6416:Transmisogyny 6414: 6412: 6409: 6405: 6402: 6401: 6400: 6399:Transfeminism 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6384:Postgenderism 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6364: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6352: 6348: 6346: 6345:Gender binary 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6310: 6306: 6305: 6301: 6295: 6289: 6288: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6275: 6272: 6271: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6234: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6187: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6164: 6162: 6156: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6134: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6127:Transmisogyny 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6101: 6098: 6097: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6082: 6080: 6078: 6074: 6068: 6065: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6052: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6014: 6012: 6010: 6006: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5979: 5978: 5975: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5965:masculinizing 5963: 5961: 5958: 5957: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5944: 5941: 5940: 5939: 5936: 5935: 5933: 5929: 5924: 5916: 5913: 5909: 5908: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5898: 5897: 5894: 5890: 5889: 5885: 5883: 5882: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5872: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5853: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5821: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5809: 5808: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5792: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5769: 5768: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5756:Gender bender 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5746: 5742: 5740: 5739: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5729: 5725: 5723: 5717: 5713: 5710: 5703: 5698: 5696: 5691: 5689: 5684: 5683: 5680: 5673: 5668: 5664: 5663: 5650: 5646: 5642: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5622: 5614: 5612: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5569: 5565: 5558: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5515: 5513: 5511: 5509: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5501: 5499: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5463: 5461: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5411: 5402: 5395: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5360: 5352: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5309: 5307: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5279: 5271: 5267: 5263: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5236: 5228: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5193:(2): e16885. 5192: 5188: 5184: 5177: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5142: 5140: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5121: 5117: 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4133: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4089: 4081: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4038: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3995: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3952: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3922: 3906: 3902: 3901: 3900:The Economist 3896: 3889: 3873: 3869: 3862: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3828: 3822: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3765: 3761: 3755: 3739: 3735: 3729: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3698: 3690: 3683: 3675: 3671: 3665: 3657: 3656: 3648: 3632: 3631:Biography.com 3628: 3622: 3606: 3602: 3601:The Telegraph 3598: 3596: 3587: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3565: 3561: 3560: 3552: 3536: 3532: 3525: 3523: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3481: 3473: 3469: 3464: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3440: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3410: 3402: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3377:(10): e1877. 3376: 3372: 3368: 3361: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3331: 3313: 3306: 3305: 3298: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3261: 3253: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 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simplify 2324: 2320: 2314: 2313: 2308:This section 2306: 2297: 2296: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2282:response bias 2278: 2273: 2270: 2265: 2263: 2262:mental health 2248: 2245: 2240: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2215: 2214: 2212: 2200: 2197: 2189: 2179: 2175: 2169: 2167: 2160: 2151: 2150: 2142: 2138: 2136: 2130: 2126: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2108: 2098: 2096: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2074: 2072: 2066: 2056: 2054: 2050: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2028: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 1999: 1990: 1987: 1983: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1968: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1940: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1913: 1911: 1906: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1891: 1889: 1885: 1883: 1878: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1863: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1829: 1827: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1796: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1760: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1717: 1714: 1709: 1700: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1685: 1683: 1678: 1674: 1669: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1654: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1629: 1625: 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1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1070: 1069: 1066: 1062: 1059: 1058: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1047: 1044: 1043: 1042:South Africa 1041: 1039: 1036: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1008: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 992: 989: 987: 984: 982: 979: 978: 976: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 958: 957: 954: 950: 945: 942: 940: 937: 935: 932: 928: 925: 924: 923: 920: 918: 915: 913: 910: 906: 903: 901: 898: 897: 896: 893: 892: 890: 884: 879: 878: 871: 870:Transmisogyny 868: 866: 863: 859: 856: 855: 854: 853:Transfeminism 851: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 838:Postgenderism 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 824: 821: 818: 814: 812: 809: 806: 802: 800: 799:Gender binary 797: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 764: 760: 759: 753: 752: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 727: 723: 720: 719: 718: 715: 713: 710: 708: 705: 703: 700: 698: 695: 693: 690: 689: 687: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 650: 647: 646: 644: 635: 634: 627: 624: 620: 617: 615: 612: 611: 610: 607: 605: 602: 600: 597: 593: 592:Transmisogyny 590: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 574: 573: 570: 566: 552: 551: 550: 547: 546: 540: 537: 535: 532: 531: 529: 527: 524: 520: 519:United States 517: 515: 512: 511: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 496: 492: 489: 487: 486:Organizations 484: 482: 479: 478: 474: 471: 469: 466: 464: 461: 460: 457: 451: 450: 440: 436: 435: 434: 431: 428: 427:Voice therapy 424: 422: 419: 417: 414: 411: 407: 406: 401: 397: 394: 390: 385: 381: 378: 374: 373: 371: 367: 366: 361: 357: 353: 352:masculinizing 350: 348: 345: 344: 342: 338: 337: 332: 328: 323: 319: 318: 316: 312: 309: 308:Gender clinic 305: 304: 300: 295: 294: 287: 284: 280: 279: 275: 273: 270: 269: 268: 265: 261: 260: 256: 254: 253: 249: 247: 244: 243: 242: 239: 237: 234: 230: 227: 225: 224: 220: 218: 215: 213: 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 192: 188: 186: 183: 180: 179: 174: 172: 169: 167: 164: 163: 162: 159: 157: 154: 152: 151: 147: 143: 140: 139: 138: 135: 133: 130: 128: 127:Gender 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Retrieved 3707: 3697: 3688: 3682: 3673: 3670:Hirschfeld M 3664: 3654: 3647: 3637:25 September 3635:. Retrieved 3630: 3621: 3609:. Retrieved 3600: 3594: 3586: 3558: 3551: 3539:. Retrieved 3535:the original 3486: 3480: 3456:(4S): e244. 3453: 3449: 3439: 3427:. Retrieved 3418: 3409: 3374: 3370: 3360: 3348:. Retrieved 3339: 3330: 3319:, retrieved 3312:the original 3303: 3278:. Retrieved 3269: 3260: 3225: 3221: 3211: 3199:. Retrieved 3166: 3162: 3122: 3116: 3081: 3077: 3054:30 September 3052:. Retrieved 3048: 3039: 3029:30 September 3027:. Retrieved 3023: 3014: 3002:. Retrieved 2998: 2988: 2959: 2955: 2949: 2924: 2920: 2910: 2878:(3): 15–24. 2875: 2871: 2848:29 September 2846:. Retrieved 2842: 2817:. Retrieved 2808: 2799: 2769:(1): 55–64. 2766: 2762: 2756: 2736: 2730: 2718:. Retrieved 2714: 2705: 2695:25 September 2693:. Retrieved 2689: 2683: 2676: 2664:. Retrieved 2636: 2629: 2617:. Retrieved 2608: 2599: 2589:17 September 2587:. Retrieved 2582: 2572: 2560:. Retrieved 2546: 2508: 2494:Genitoplasty 2486: 2464:Legal status 2434:trans people 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2411: 2394:phalloplasty 2386: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2363: 2358: 2356: 2341: 2335:October 2023 2332: 2309: 2286: 2274: 2266: 2259: 2241: 2226: 2211:hysterectomy 2207: 2192: 2186:October 2019 2183: 2163: 2139: 2131: 2127: 2110: 2075: 2071:human rights 2068: 2045: 2037: 2029: 2010: 1996: 1988: 1984: 1969: 1964: 1946: 1943:21st century 1929: 1921:Jalma Jurado 1914: 1907: 1903:phalloplasty 1892: 1886: 1879: 1864: 1858:at Berlin's 1852:Dora Richter 1850: 1842:hysterectomy 1838:Alan L. 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4659:10125/66380 4541:Colapinto J 4194:: 9652305. 3911:2 September 3878:27 December 3627:"Lili Elbe" 3611:11 December 3340:Mayo Clinic 2562:12 February 2452:women, but 2446:trans women 2438:transgender 2432:Concerning 2032:hepatitis C 1882:housekeeper 1846:gonadectomy 1785:top surgery 1697:vaginectomy 1689:orchiectomy 1639:trans women 1601:orchiectomy 1593:mammaplasty 1537:and others 1509:vulvoplasty 1501:orchiectomy 1491:and others 1489:Trans women 1483:transsexual 1468:Top surgery 1442:Terminology 1395:vulvoplasty 1374:other names 1120: [ 1100:Transphobia 1053:South Korea 1023:New Zealand 947: [ 514:South Korea 454:Rights and 322:in children 299:Health care 286:Transsexual 267:Transgender 241:Trans woman 197:Mudoko dako 178:Femminiello 6946:Categories 6704:Tamil Nadu 6427:By country 6340:Deadnaming 6297:Theory and 6274:ice hockey 6117:Inequality 5960:feminizing 5846:Two-spirit 5831:Mukhannath 5800:Faʻafafine 5325:: 960745. 5285:Sexologies 5004:quoted in 4715:31 October 4644:(1): 4–5. 4408:Pediatrics 4321:Pediatrics 3941:26 October 3770:22 October 3744:25 October 3541:1 November 2927:(1): 1–9. 2684:sex change 2666:15 October 2538:References 2235:, and the 2105:See also: 1993:Prevalence 1888:Elmer Belt 1826:Elagabalus 1729:mastectomy 1673:non-binary 1608:anti-trans 1479:transition 1464:sex change 1422:feminizing 991:Tamil Nadu 883:By country 794:Deadnaming 744:Television 722:non-binary 707:Literature 604:Inequality 577:Non-binary 504:Healthcare 347:feminizing 217:Two-spirit 202:Mukhannath 171:Faʻafafine 6817:Political 6729:2017 bill 6725:Pakistan 6689:2014 Bill 6616:Australia 6592:Argentina 6574:Singapore 6507:Singapore 6455:Australia 6443:Argentina 6264:Sexuality 5999:Pregnancy 5982:to female 5907:Akava'ine 5875:Fakaleitī 5865:Trans man 5785:Koekchuch 5751:Cisgender 5745:Burrnesha 5732:Androgyne 5572:CiteSeerX 5366:Sex Roles 4959:2689-5269 4741:11 August 4698:wpath.org 4414:(1): e9. 4391:27 August 3578:696313936 3529:Munro D. 3513:242422061 3472:149966616 3321:7 October 3004:15 August 2941:0748-0814 2902:259110063 2656:947837700 2454:trans men 2442:cisgender 2383:Sexuality 2178:talk page 2145:Insurance 1970:In 2011, 1961:Article 8 1908:In 1971, 1893:In 1951, 1867:Lili Elbe 1693:penectomy 1658:trans men 1589:cisgender 1535:Trans men 1497:penectomy 1436:Singapore 1362:cisgender 1191:Stonewall 1161:Singapore 1129:Australia 1117:Argentina 1078:2022 bill 1038:Singapore 1011:2017 bill 1007:Pakistan 981:2014 bill 927:2016 bill 912:Australia 895:Argentina 416:Pregnancy 301:practices 278:Akava'ine 246:Fakaleitī 236:Trans man 156:Koekchuch 122:Cisgender 116:Burrnesha 103:Androgyne 6919:Category 6914:Timeline 6864:Intersex 6840:See also 6798:2018 law 6794:Uruguay 6788:title IX 6771:2004 act 6759:2022 law 6744:2003 Act 6734:2018 Act 6694:2019 Act 6665:2018 law 6631:2016 law 6627:Bolivia 6621:re Kevin 6602:2021 law 6597:2012 law 6465:Cambodia 6299:concepts 6142:killings 6137:genocide 6132:Violence 6051:Toilets 6037:Marriage 5881:Mak nyah 5858:X-gender 5841:Travesti 5649:23051224 5641:23943260 5602:25671520 5594:15803249 5549:42916543 5541:16362252 5451:46169398 5443:17413887 5386:37723853 5351:24790589 5262:12856892 5227:21364939 5187:PLOS ONE 5168:21699661 5120:11314574 5085:19590739 5077:19473181 5032:58637820 4943:: 1–21. 4911:Archived 4907:NBC News 4832:Archived 4676:13382948 4668:17984980 4586:1 August 4580:Archived 4543:(2002). 4495:archived 4469:14 March 4460:Archived 4385:Archived 4355:Archived 4351:52288840 4343:30224363 4291:Archived 4269:31289749 4220:30009180 4169:22752221 4123:37001563 4115:26684553 4080:31380225 4029:22252676 3986:27318408 3935:Archived 3905:Archived 3872:Archived 3842:Archived 3813:19175859 3712:Archived 3672:(1908). 3605:Archived 3423:Archived 3401:30534483 3344:Archived 3274:Archived 3252:36238954 3195:Archived 3191:42635923 3183:29032297 3108:32999601 2980:39109263 2894:37285414 2813:Archived 2783:21317698 2660:Archived 2619:7 August 2613:Archived 2556:Archived 2475:See also 2403:clitoris 2172:You 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Index

Gender-reassignment surgery
a series
Transgender topics
Outline
History
Timeline
Gender identities
Androgyne
Bissu, Calabai, Calalai
Burrnesha
Cisgender
Gender bender
Hijra
Non-binary or genderqueer
Gender fluidity
Kathoey
Koekchuch
Third gender
Bakla
Faʻafafine
Femminiello
Khanith
Māhū
Mudoko dako
Mukhannath
Muxe
Travesti
Two-spirit
Winkte
X-gender

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