2129:
Netherlands, Germany, and Italy. Much of the criticism surrounding the WPATH/HBIGDA-SOC applies to these as well, and some of these SOCs (mostly
European SOC) are actually based on much older versions of the WPATH SOC. Other SOCs are entirely independent of the WPATH. The criteria of many of those SOCs are stricter than the latest revision of the WPATH-SOC. Many qualified surgeons in North America and many in Europe adhere almost unswervingly to the WPATH SOC or other SOCs. However, in the United States many experienced surgeons are able to apply the WPATH SOC in ways which respond to an individual's medical circumstances, as is consistent with the SOC.
2425:
women. Almost all female-to-male individuals have revealed an increase in sexual excitement and are capable of achieving orgasms through sexual activity with a partner or via masturbation, whereas only 85% of the male-to-female individuals are able to achieve orgasms after SRS. A study found that both trans men and trans women reported qualitative change in their experience of orgasm. The female-to-male transgender individuals reported that they had been experiencing intensified and stronger excitements and orgasm while male-to-female individuals have been encountering longer and more gentle feelings.
2371:
transgender people who received sex reassignment surgery from 1973 to 2003, found that they "have considerably higher risks for mortality, suicidal behaviour, and psychiatric morbidity than the general population", concluding that "sex reassignment, although alleviating gender dysphoria, may not suffice as treatment for transsexualism". Lawrence (2003), in a study of 232 trans women who underwent surgery between 1994 and 2000, found "None reported outright regret and only a few expressed even occasional regret."
2155:
6926:
1272:
1296:
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2751:, page 42: "The term transsexual was introduced by Cauldwell (1949) and popularized by Harry Benjamin (1966) . The term transgender was coined by John Oliven (1965) and popularized by various transgender people who pioneered the concept and practice of transgenderism. It is sometimes said that Virginia Prince (1976) popularized the term, but history shows that many transgender people advocated the use of this term much more than Prince."
1708:
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2301:
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transsexuals may become victims of different social obstacles such as discrimination, prejudice and stigmatising behaviours. The rejection faced by transgender people is much more severe than what is experienced by lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. The hostile environment may trigger or worsen internalized transphobia, depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress.
2429:
that there were differences in masturbation frequencies between trans men and trans women, in which female-to-male individuals masturbated more often than male to female The possible reasons for the differences in masturbation frequency could be associated with the surge of libido, which was caused by the testosterone therapies, or the withdrawal of gender dysphoria.
2231:(AMA) House of Delegates stated that the denial to patients with gender dysphoria or otherwise covered benefits represents discrimination, and that the AMA supports "public and private health insurance coverage for treatment for gender dysphoria as recommended by the patient's physician." Other organizations have issued similar statements, including WPATH, the
2141:
people are often unable to change the listing of their sex in public records unless they can furnish a physician's letter attesting that sex reassignment surgery has been performed. In some jurisdictions legal gender change is prohibited in any circumstances, even after genital or other surgery or treatment.
2027:, whom the surgeon may consult when determining if the patient is physically fit for surgery. Health providers including pharmacists can play a role in maintaining safe and cost-effective regimens, providing patient education, and addressing other health issues including smoking cessation and weight loss.
2120:(WPATH, formerly the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association or HBIGDA). Many jurisdictions and medical boards in the United States and other countries recognize the WPATH Standards of Care for the treatment of transgender individuals. Some treatment may require a minimum duration of
2428:
The rates of masturbation have also changed after sex reassignment surgery for both trans women and trans men. A study reported an overall increase of masturbation frequencies exhibited in most transsexual individuals and 78% of them were able to reach orgasm by masturbation after SRS. A study showed
2420:
The majority of the transsexual individuals have reported enjoying better sex lives and improved sexual satisfaction after sex reassignment surgery. The enhancement of sexual satisfaction was positively related to the satisfaction of new primary sex characteristics. Before undergoing SRS, transsexual
2140:
Many medical professionals and numerous professional associations have stated that surgical interventions should not be required for transsexual individuals to change sex designation on identity documents. However, depending on the legal requirements of many jurisdictions, transsexual and transgender
2424:
Most of the individuals have reported that they have experienced sexual excitement during sexual activity, including masturbation. The ability to obtain orgasms is positively associated with sexual satisfaction. Frequency and intensity of orgasms are substantially different among trans men and trans
2374:
Risk categories for post-operative regret include being older, having characterised personality disorders with personal and social instability, lacking family support, lacking sexual activity, and expressing dissatisfaction with the results of surgery. During the process of sex reassignment surgery,
2034:
may have difficulty finding a surgeon able to perform successful surgery. Many surgeons operate in small private clinics that cannot treat potential complications in these populations. Some surgeons charge higher fees for HIV and hepatitis C-positive patients; other medical professionals assert that
1798:
According to WPATH, medically necessary sex reassignment surgeries include "complete hysterectomy, bilateral mastectomy, chest reconstruction or augmentation ... including breast prostheses if necessary, genital reconstruction (by various techniques which must be appropriate to each patient ...)...
2916:
2111:
Sex reassignment surgery can be difficult to obtain due to financial barriers, insurance coverage, and lack of providers. An increasing number of surgeons are now training to perform such surgeries. In many regions, an individual's pursuit of SRS is often governed, or at least guided, by documents
1934:
was developed for female-to-male surgical transition by the doctors
Lebovic and Laub. Considered a variant of phalloplasty, metoidioplasty works to create a penis out of the patient's present clitoris. This allows the patient to have a sensation-perceiving penis head. Metoidioplasty may be used in
2246:
for the first time approved payment for sex reassignment surgery for an active-duty U.S. military service member. The patient, an infantry soldier who is a transgender woman, had already begun a course of treatment for gender reassignment. The procedure, which the treating doctor deemed medically
2092:
recommended that physicians do not perform surgery on children until they are old enough to give informed consent and to assign such infants in the gender to which they will probably best adjust. Diamond believed introducing children to others with differences of sex development could help remove
1580:
expands in the medical community, more surgeons are willing to tailor operations to individual needs. Bigenital operations allow individuals to construct a penis or vagina and retain their original organs. Gender nullification is the removal of all external genitalia except the urethral opening,
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found that from 1998 onward, studies have shown that "the whole process of gender reassignment is effective in relieving gender dysphoria and that its positive results greatly outweighed any negative consequences", but noted methodological issues in many studies, particularly older ones. A 2010
2279:
found that gender-affirming surgery was significantly associated with lower rates of psychological distress, smoking, and suicidal ideation, compared to rates among respondents who desired surgery but had not undergone it. This was the largest controlled study on the subject to date (N=19,960),
2370:
Smith et al. (2001) found that among 20 patients, anxiety, depression and hostility levels were lower after sex reassignment surgery. Wierckx et al. (2011), in a study of 49 trans men, found them in good self-perceived physical and mental health. Dhejne et al. (2011), in a study following 324
2366:
noted the lack of randomization and control groups and reliance of self-reporting in the studies it reviewed, reaching the conclusion "Very low quality evidence suggests that hormonal therapies given to individuals with GID as a part of sex reassignment are likely to improve gender dysphoria,
2128:
Standards of Care usually give certain very specific "minimum" requirements as guidelines for progressing with treatment, causing them to be highly controversial and often maligned documents among transgender patients seeking surgery. Alternative local standards of care exist, such as in the
2421:
patients possessed unwanted sex organs which they were eager to remove. Hence, they were not enthusiastic about engaging in sexual activity. Transsexual individuals who have undergone SRS are more satisfied with their bodies and experienced less stress when participating in sexual activity.
2387:
Looking specifically at transsexual people's genital sensitivities, both trans men and trans women are capable of maintaining their genital sensitivities after SRS. However, these are counted upon the procedures and surgical tricks which are used to preserve the sensitivity. Considering the
2208:
A growing number of public and commercial health insurance plans in the United States now contain defined benefits covering sex reassignment-related procedures, usually including genital reconstruction surgery (MTF and FTM), chest reconstruction (FTM), breast augmentation (MTF), and
2416:
in genital sexual activities, like masturbation and intercourse. Many studies reviewed that both trans men and trans women have reported an increase of orgasms in both sexual activities, implying the possibilities to maintain or even enhance genital sensitivity after SRS.
1679:
and bigenital or gender nullification surgeries are available. Bigenital operations include androgynoplasty, a procedure that retains the penis, or vagina-preserving phalloplasty. However, these procedures are extremely rare. In 2017, one of the leading UK trans surgeons,
2046:
Sex reassignment surgery is generally not performed on children under 18, though in rare cases may be performed on adolescents if health care providers agree there is an unusual benefit to doing so or risk to not performing it. Preferred treatments for children include
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in their reconstructed genitals is one of the essential objectives surgeons want to achieve in SRS. Moreover, studies have also found that the critical procedure for genital sensitivity maintenance and achieving orgasms after phalloplasty is to preserve both the
1722:
As underscored by WPATH, a medically transitioning may entail a variety of non-genital surgical procedures that change primary or secondary sex characteristics, any of which are considered "gender-affirming surgery" when undertaken to affirm a person's
1997:
The prevalence of transgender-related surgeries is difficult to measure and likely underestimated. In 2015, the largest survey of transgender people in the United States reported that 25% of respondents reported having undergone such a surgery.
1699:. Complications of penile inversion vaginoplasty are mostly minor; however, rectoneovaginal fistulas (abnormal connections between the neovagina and the rectum) can occur in about 1–3% of patients. These require additional surgery to correct.
2378:
Many patients perceive the outcome of the surgery as not only medically but also psychologically important. Social support can help them to relate to their minority identity, ascertain their trans identity and reduce minority stress.
2124:
and living as a member of the target gender full-time, sometimes called the real life experience (RLE) (sometimes mistakenly referred to as the real life test (RLT)) before sex reassignment surgeries are covered by insurance.
2051:, which are thought to have some reversible physical changes, and sex hormones, which reduce the need for future surgery. Medical protocols typically require long-term mental health counseling to verify persistent and genuine
3273:
2132:
Many surgeons require two letters of recommendation for sex reassignment surgery. At least one of these letters must be from a mental health professional experienced in diagnosing gender identity disorder (now recognized as
5054:
Murad MH, Elamin MB, Garcia MZ, Mullan RJ, Murad A, Erwin PJ, et al. (February 2010). "Hormonal therapy and sex reassignment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of quality of life and psychosocial outcomes".
1985:
As of 2017, some
European countries require forced sterilization for the legal recognition of sex reassignment. As of 2020, Japan also requires an individual to undergo sterilization to change their legal sex.
5618:
Gómez-Gil E, Zubiaurre-Elorza L, de
Antonio IE, Guillamon A, Salamero M (March 2014). "Determinants of quality of life in Spanish transsexuals attending a gender unit before genital sex reassignment surgery".
3790:
Djordjevic ML, Stanojevic D, Bizic M, Kojovic V, Majstorovic M, Vujovic S, et al. (May 2009). "Metoidioplasty as a single stage sex reassignment surgery in female transsexuals: Belgrade experience".
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2271:
for trans men, improves quality of life. A 2024 systematic review found that genital surgeries significantly improved depression and dissociation, with "mixed results" for other mental health outcomes.
2113:
1380:
438:
6601:
5098:
Smith YL, van Goozen SH, Cohen-Kettenis PT (April 2001). "Adolescents with gender identity disorder who were accepted or rejected for sex reassignment surgery: a prospective follow-up study".
2436:'s expectations for different aspects of their life, the sexual aspects have the lowest level of satisfaction among all other elements (physical, emotional and social levels). When comparing
4406:
Bradley SJ, Oliver GD, Chernick AB, Zucker KJ (July 1998). "Experiment of nurture: ablatio penis at 2 months, sex reassignment at 7 months, and a psychosexual follow-up in young adulthood".
6797:
5146:
Wierckx K, Van
Caenegem E, Elaut E, Dedecker D, Van de Peer F, Toye K, et al. (December 2011). "Quality of life and sexual health after sex reassignment surgery in transsexual men".
3934:
1877:
and vaginoplasty, which she hoped would allow her to give birth. However, her body rejected the transplanted uterus, and she died of post-operative complications in
September, at age 48.
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926:
2038:
Fertility is also a factor considered in SRS, as patients are typically informed that if an orchiectomy or oöphoro-hysterectomy is performed, it will make them irreversibly infertile.
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2311:
3265:
4910:
2388:
importance of genital sensitivity in helping transsexual individuals to avoid unnecessary harm or injuries to the genitals, allowing trans men to obtain an erection by inserting a
1383:, which apply before someone can apply for and receive reassignment surgery, including psychological evaluation, and a period of real-life experience living in the desired gender.
6630:
3343:
6551:
943:
6826:
6664:
4998:
Pfäfflin F, Junge A (1998). "Sex reassignment: Thirty years of international follow-up studies after sex reassignment surgery—Comprehensive review 1961–1991". Book
Section.
1180:
2260:
Clinical research on long-term quality-of-life outcomes following surgery is limited and confounded by various factors, including small sample sizes, and baseline rates of
4290:
2080:
and suicide) that occur when the surgically assigned gender does not match the individual's gender identity, which will be realized by the individual only later in life.
1799:
and certain facial plastic reconstruction." In addition, other non-surgical procedures are also considered medically necessary treatments by WPATH, including facial hair
2481:
4786:
2019:, and HIV, which can lead to complications with future therapy and pharmacological management. Typical SRS procedures involve complex medication regimens, including
5421:
Selvaggi G, Monstrey S, Ceulemans P, T'Sjoen G, De
Cuypere G, Hoebeke P (April 2007). "Genital sensitivity after sex reassignment surgery in transsexual patients".
2954:
Burton JS, Pfeifauf K, Skolnick GB, Sacks JM, Snyder-Warwick AK (June 2024). "Determinants of Public
Opinion Toward Gender-Affirming Surgery in the United States".
2812:
2612:
5519:
De
Cuypere G, T'Sjoen G, Beerten R, Selvaggi G, De Sutter P, Hoebeke P, et al. (December 2005). "Sexual and physical health after sex reassignment surgery".
2917:""Do Not Ever Refer to My Lord Jesus Christ with Pronouns": Considering Controversies over Religiously Motivated Discrimination on the Basis of Gender Identity"
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3604:
1045:
420:
6728:
4701:
4579:
2117:
1788:
1010:
432:
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6693:
4544:
3904:
3019:
1960:
1956:
1015:
985:
1089:
518:
1650:
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2064:
1854:
is the first known trans woman to undergo complete male-to-female genital surgery. She was one of several transgender people in the care of sexologist
1681:
1133:
513:
5006:
Monstrey S, Vercruysse Jr H, De Cuypere G (2009). "Is Gender Reassignment Surgery Evidence Based? Recommendation for the Seventh Version of the WPATH
6241:
701:
3302:
2326:
2137:), who has known the patient for over a year. Letters must state that sex reassignment surgery is the correct course of treatment for the patient.
5467:
Hage JJ, Bouman FG, de Graaf FH, Bloem JJ (June 1993). "Construction of the neophallus in female-to-male transsexuals: the Amsterdam experience".
3871:
4973:
4875:
3422:
1951:
ruled in favor of Carola van Kück, a German trans woman whose insurance company denied her reimbursement for sex reassignment surgery as well as
1495:
may undergo one or more feminizing procedures which result in anatomy that is typically gendered female. These include genital surgeries such as
4384:
3926:
2555:
6782:
6521:
5315:"Psychosocial adjustment to sex reassignment surgery: a qualitative examination and personal experiences of six transsexual persons in croatia"
2165:
1175:
5364:
Norton AT, Herek GM (2013). "Heterosexuals' attitudes toward transgender people: findings from a national probability sample of U.S. adults".
1324:
4823:
4459:
4354:
6816:
5699:
2023:, throughout and after surgery. Typically, a patient's treatment involves a healthcare team consisting of a variety of providers including
1787:, which is surgery to the breasts). However, the meaning of "sex reassignment surgery" has been clarified by the medical organization, the
743:
490:
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6199:
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5993:
2659:
2469:
663:
613:
503:
17:
4730:
6951:
6506:
4601:
Diamond M, Sigmundson HK (October 1997). "Management of intersexuality. Guidelines for dealing with persons with ambiguous genitalia".
1160:
6635:
3335:
6511:
5986:
5981:
5671:
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There is also Adam's apple enhancement therapy, in which cartilage is used to bring out the Adam's apple in female to male patients.
1627:
1623:
1402:
1386:
1165:
1077:
383:
376:
4690:
2761:
Polly R, Nicole J (January 2011). "Understanding the transsexual patient: culturally sensitive care in emergency nursing practice".
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necessary, was performed on 14 November at a private hospital, since U.S. military hospitals lack the requisite surgical expertise.
2035:
it is unethical to deny surgical or hormonal treatments to transgender people solely on the basis of their HIV or hepatitis status.
904:
6765:
6688:
6516:
6388:
6209:
6084:
6046:
3759:
1170:
1067:
980:
842:
576:
485:
6669:
6606:
3956:
Edgerton MT, Knorr NJ, Callison JR (January 1970). "The surgical treatment of transsexual patients. Limitations and indications".
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3841:
1653:. A third technique, the non-penile inversion technique, makes use of perforated scrotal tissue to construct the vaginal canal.
1084:
508:
6447:
3557:
1121:
6491:
6314:
6231:
6089:
6026:
5240:
Lawrence AA (August 2003). "Factors associated with satisfaction or regret following male-to-female sex reassignment surgery".
4759:
2236:
768:
711:
586:
472:
6496:
4554:
4524:
3567:
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3138:
2838:
2744:
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2069:
Infants born with intersex conditions might undergo interventions at or close to birth. This is controversial because of the
4853:
4797:
6403:
3159:"Postoperative Complications following Primary Penile Inversion Vaginoplasty among 330 Male-to-Female Transgender Patients"
857:
653:
6802:
6546:
6176:
6131:
2804:
2604:
1979:
1824:
Reports of people seeking gender-confirming surgery (vaginoplasty) go back to the 2nd century, such as the Roman Emperor
608:
4937:"Systematic review of prospective adult mental health outcomes following affirmative interventions for gender dysphoria"
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6373:
6236:
6166:
6031:
4093:
Bishop BM (December 2015). "Pharmacotherapy Considerations in the Management of Transgender Patients: A Brief Review".
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2055:
before any intervention, and consent of a parent or guardian or court order is legally required in most jurisdictions.
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2213:(FTM). For patients to qualify for insurance coverage, certain insurance plans may require proof of the following:
2085:
1128:
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1099:
970:
728:
340:
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1982:
as "an example of an individual who was subjected to sex reassignment surgery without full knowledge or consent".
6913:
6615:
6596:
6591:
6573:
6464:
5969:
3121:
Bellringer J (2017). "Surgery for Bodies Commonly Gendered as Male". In Richards C, Bouman WP, Barker MJ (eds.).
2509:
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1037:
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911:
899:
894:
733:
83:
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3559:
Magnus Hirschfeld and the Quest for Sexual Freedom: A History of the First International Sexual Freedom Movement
525:
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6486:
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2515:
1948:
1791:(WPATH), to include any of a larger number of surgical procedures performed as part of a medical treatment for
1357:
1150:
1094:
938:
773:
658:
399:
3999:
Hoopes JE, Knorr NJ, Wolf SR (November 1968). "Transsexualism: considerations regarding sexual reassignment".
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73:
36:
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1905:. Phalloplasty is a cosmetic procedure that produces a visual penis out of grafted tissue from the patient.
1806:
Voice feminizing surgery is a procedure in which the overall pitch range of the patient's voice is reduced.
948:
6649:
6644:
6481:
6469:
6268:
5942:
4691:"Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender Nonconforming People (Version 7)"
4494:
2322:
2228:
2094:
1813:) or tracheal shaving is a procedure in which the most prominent part of the thyroid cartilage is reduced.
1310:
1145:
921:
916:
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321:
1989:
The early history of sex reassignment surgery in transgender people has been reviewed by various authors.
6770:
6683:
6541:
6181:
6041:
5685:
2995:"Rand Paul tried to derail Rachel Levine's historic confirmation hearing with transphobic misinformation"
2093:
shame and stigma. Diamond considered the intersex condition as a difference of sex development, not as a
1862:. In 1922, Richter underwent orchiectomy. In early 1931, a penectomy, followed in June by vaginoplasty.
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1524:
1478:
1185:
1072:
933:
678:
480:
392:
5183:"Long-term follow-up of transsexual persons undergoing sex reassignment surgery: cohort study in Sweden"
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1767:
The best-known gender-affirming procedures are those that reshape the genitals, which are also known as
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6474:
6308:
6248:
6189:
6106:
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men. Moreover, trans men also had a lower sexual satisfaction with their sexual life than trans women.
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although the design of the survey and self-reported responses introduced some limitations and possible
1952:
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1245:
997:
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462:
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211:
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6214:
4317:"Ensuring Comprehensive Care and Support for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Children and Adolescents"
3734:"'Monstro, prostituta, bichinha': como a Justiça condenou a 1ª cirurgia de mudança de sexo do Brasil"
3304:
Clarification on Medical Necessity of Treatment, Sex Reassignment, and Insurance Coverage in the U.S.
2551:
2268:
990:
721:
426:
5576:
4636:
Diamond M, Beh HG (January 2008). "Changes in the management of children with intersex conditions".
3044:
2710:
6099:
5283:
Karpel L, Cordier B (2013). "Postoperative regrets after sex reassignment surgery: A case report".
2121:
1538:
581:
553:
2318:
2173:
6253:
5927:
5737:
4450:
4316:
3216:
Coleman E, Radix AE, Bouman WP, Brown GR, de Vries AL, Deutsch MB, et al. (19 August 2022).
2520:
2276:
2267:
A 2020 meta-analysis found "evidence of low quality" that gender-affirming surgery, particularly
1353:
298:
108:
5562:
Lawrence AA (April 2005). "Sexuality before and after male-to-female sex reassignment surgery".
6116:
5571:
4182:
Bizic MR, Jeftovic M, Pusica S, Stojanovic B, Duisin D, Vujovic S, et al. (13 June 2018).
3703:
1492:
1345:
706:
603:
307:
4448:
3074:"Breaking down barriers and binaries in trans healthcare: the validation of non-binary people"
2635:
6868:
6698:
6263:
6066:
5998:
4974:"Fact-checking Rand Paul's comparisons of genital mutilation and gender confirmation surgery"
4760:"APA Policy Statement Transgender, Gender Identity, and Gender Expression Non-Discrimination"
4734:
4139:
Hage JJ (January 1995). "Medical requirements and consequences of sex reassignment surgery".
3157:
Gaither TW, Awad MA, Osterberg EC, Murphy GP, Romero A, Bowers ML, et al. (March 2018).
2525:
2503:
2243:
2070:
2065:
Sex assignment § Assignment in cases of infants with intersex traits, or cases of trauma
1230:
625:
415:
4519:. Bowden, South Australia: Fast Lane (imprint of East Street Publications. pp. 95–100.
4376:
2287:
A 2021 review found that less than 1% of 7,928 patients regretted gender-affirming surgery.
1971:
6918:
6136:
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6059:
6036:
5744:
5194:
2367:
psychological functioning and comorbidities, sexual function and overall quality of life."
2089:
1890:
may have been the first U.S. surgeon to perform gender affirmation surgery, in about 1950.
1873:, and penectomy. In June 1931, she underwent her fourth surgery, including an experimental
1810:
1752:
1732:
1715:
1607:
1542:
1300:
598:
548:
538:
115:
1416:
In addition to gender-affirming surgery, patients may need to follow a lifelong course of
8:
6848:
6434:
6393:
6226:
4705:
4614:
4515:
Boyle GJ (2005). "The scandal of genital mutilation surgery on infants". In May L (ed.).
4044:"Demographic and temporal trends in transgender identities and gender confirming surgery"
2397:
2020:
1909:
1756:
1512:
1398:
1210:
1109:
847:
618:
78:
5198:
5181:
Dhejne C, Lichtenstein P, Boman M, Johansson AL, Långström N, Landén M (February 2011).
3763:
2681:
2116:(SOC). The most widespread SOC in this field is published and frequently revised by the
6930:
6888:
6583:
6533:
6008:
5760:
5644:
5597:
5544:
5446:
5434:
5381:
5341:
5314:
5265:
5217:
5182:
5080:
5027:
4671:
4572:"Sexual Identity, Monozygotic Twins Reared in Discordant Sex Roles and a BBC Follow-Up"
4431:
4346:
4259:
4234:
4210:
4183:
4164:
4118:
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3508:
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3242:
3217:
3186:
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2786:
2106:
1874:
1870:
1276:
1250:
131:
5480:
3826:
3462:
3445:
3218:"Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8"
1897:, a plastic surgeon active in World War II, worked to develop the first technique for
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6280:
6146:
5900:
5765:
5731:
5636:
5589:
5536:
5484:
5438:
5346:
5257:
5222:
5163:
5159:
5115:
5111:
5072:
5068:
4954:
4663:
4618:
4550:
4520:
4484:
4423:
4338:
4264:
4215:
4156:
4110:
4075:
4016:
4012:
3973:
3969:
3808:
3804:
3669:
3573:
3563:
3512:
3498:
3471:
3396:
3247:
3178:
3134:
3103:
2975:
2936:
2901:
2889:
2778:
2740:
2651:
2641:
1855:
1672:
1577:
816:
810:
271:
136:
102:
5648:
5601:
5548:
5450:
5385:
5084:
5031:
4766:
4675:
4350:
4168:
4122:
4028:
3985:
3190:
1840:, an American tuberculosis specialist, became one of the first trans men to undergo
6221:
5937:
5628:
5581:
5528:
5476:
5430:
5373:
5336:
5326:
5292:
5269:
5249:
5212:
5202:
5155:
5107:
5064:
5019:
4944:
4653:
4645:
4610:
4435:
4415:
4328:
4254:
4246:
4205:
4195:
4148:
4102:
4065:
4055:
4008:
3965:
3800:
3490:
3457:
3386:
3378:
3237:
3229:
3170:
3126:
3093:
3085:
2971:
2963:
2928:
2879:
2790:
2770:
2134:
2052:
2048:
1978:
person against a surgeon for non-consensual surgical intervention described by the
1792:
1646:
1546:
1410:
1344:
procedure, or series of procedures, that alters a person's physical appearance and
668:
314:
4949:
4936:
3233:
3089:
1430:
became the first country in the world to allow transgender people to change their
6410:
6378:
6368:
5949:
5770:
5719:
5207:
4877:
AMA Resolution 122 "Removing Financial Barriers to Care for Transgender Patients"
4861:
3653:
3382:
3130:
2774:
1923:
developed a new surgical technique, which he used in surgeries for more than 500
1724:
1520:
1190:
864:
832:
822:
359:
141:
95:
5296:
3733:
2264:
issues and suicide among transgender people compared to the general population.
1660:, genital reconstruction may involve the construction of a penis through either
1541:
seeking surgery may undergo one or more masculinizing procedures, which include
1389:
are surgeries that result in anatomy that is typically gendered female, such as
6858:
6334:
6329:
4540:
4152:
3534:
3494:
3174:
2389:
2217:
a written initial assessment by a qualified licensed mental health professional
2081:
1931:
1894:
1744:
1687:
Genital surgery may also involve other medically necessary procedures, such as
1676:
1665:
1596:
1558:
1516:
1220:
788:
783:
330:
5632:
5585:
5532:
5377:
5253:
5023:
4483:
3827:"European Court of Human Rights – Third Section – Case of Van Kück v. Germany"
6945:
6415:
6398:
6383:
6344:
6126:
6054:
5755:
4958:
3899:
3626:
3577:
2940:
2655:
2281:
2261:
2024:
869:
852:
837:
798:
591:
533:
126:
5799:
5617:
4060:
3158:
170:
6350:
6111:
6021:
5906:
5789:
5640:
5593:
5540:
5442:
5350:
5261:
5226:
5167:
5119:
5076:
4667:
4342:
4333:
4268:
4250:
4219:
4200:
4114:
4079:
3812:
3400:
3251:
3182:
3107:
2979:
2967:
2893:
2782:
2493:
2393:
2210:
1920:
1902:
1851:
1841:
1837:
1736:
1661:
1642:
1570:
1562:
1554:
1550:
1504:
1431:
1406:
1390:
1288:
804:
467:
409:
277:
160:
5874:
5488:
5331:
4649:
4622:
4427:
4419:
4160:
4020:
3977:
3045:"Dr. Chettawut's Skin Graft Technique for SRS | Chettawut Plastic Surgery"
1880:
A previous sex reassignment surgery (SRS) patient was Magnus Hirschfeld's
1405:
are those that result in anatomy that is typically gendered male, such as
245:
6204:
6076:
5914:
5895:
5869:
5825:
5806:
5708:
4449:
United Nations, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (2015).
4282:
2445:
2437:
2433:
2114:
Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People
2031:
1924:
1845:
1800:
1696:
1688:
1638:
1600:
1592:
1508:
1500:
1488:
1482:
1434:
after "reassignment surgery" and provide free hormone treatment in 1972.
1394:
673:
571:
285:
266:
240:
196:
177:
44:
3895:"Why transgender people are being sterilized in some European countries"
1606:
Gender-affirming surgery is often sensationalized and misrepresented by
6339:
5845:
5830:
4658:
2932:
2552:"Sweden has been named the most LGBTQ+ friendly country for travellers"
1887:
1825:
1728:
1712:
793:
216:
201:
4106:
2884:
2867:
6925:
6758:
6324:
5864:
5819:
5784:
5750:
5677:
3049:
Dr.Chettawut- Sex reassignment and Facial feminization surgery center
2457:
2453:
2449:
2441:
1936:
1869:
underwent four sex reassignment surgeries, including orchiectomy, an
1866:
1692:
1657:
1588:
1534:
1496:
1446:
Gender-affirming surgery is known by numerous other names, including
1435:
1361:
1271:
1060:
778:
235:
190:
155:
121:
6171:
5518:
5420:
3020:"Overview of Sigmoid Colon Vaginoplasty for MtF (Sigmoid Colon SRS)"
1707:
1675:
people, both the same operations as binary trans people of the same
6863:
5880:
5857:
3446:"The trans-formation of gender confirming surgery: a brief history"
2402:
2012:
1975:
1341:
1225:
251:
228:
5100:
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
3485:
Goldberg AE, Beemyn G, eds. (2021). "Ancient and Medieval Times".
2011:
Some transgender persons present with health conditions including
1912:
performed Brazil's first male-to-female gender-affirming surgery.
1901:, producing a technique that has become a modern standard, called
5887:
5813:
5778:
4787:"NASW Policy Statement on Transgender and Gender Identity Issues"
3689:
How Sex Changed: A History of Transsexuality in the United States
2487:
2406:
2396:, the ability for transsexual people to experience erogenous and
1566:
258:
184:
149:
5180:
5145:
4488:
3789:
6853:
5851:
5666:
5312:
5005:
4824:"New Report Shows Where It's Illegal To Be Transgender In 2020"
3865:
2413:
2412:
Erogenous sensitivity is measured by the capabilities to reach
2016:
1427:
1349:
1215:
222:
5794:
5097:
4235:"The Evolving Role of Pharmacists in Transgender Health Care"
4181:
2164:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
1557:(removal of the ovaries). A penis can be constructed through
1424:
hormone replacement therapy to support the endocrine system.
165:
6873:
5835:
4405:
4287:
WPATH World Professional Association for Transgender Health
4184:"Gender Dysphoria: Bioethical Aspects of Medical Treatment"
3367:"Patient Satisfaction after Aesthetic Chondrolaryngoplasty"
3365:
Cohen MB, Insalaco LF, Tonn CR, Spiegel JH (October 2018).
2953:
2482:
Baptist Medical Center sex reassignment surgery controversy
2077:
1916:
1759:
are also aesthetic components of their surgical treatment.
1474:
refer to surgeries on the chest and genitals respectively.
1235:
206:
3156:
6878:
3266:"What Do I Need to Know About the Transitioning Process?"
1935:
conjunction with phalloplasty to produce a larger, more "
1684:, commented that he had never received a request for it.
1477:
Some transgender people who desire medical assistance to
1240:
4934:
4854:"Health Insurance Discrimination for Transgender People"
4638:
Nature Clinical Practice. Endocrinology & Metabolism
3364:
2290:
2058:
5466:
5053:
4935:
Shelemy L, Cotton S, Crane C, Knight M (3 April 2024).
4781:
4779:
4754:
4752:
3919:
3215:
6100:
Gender-critical or trans-exclusionary radical feminism
4733:. Tssurgeryguide.com. 17 December 2003. Archived from
3655:
Man into Woman: an authentic record of a change of sex
3297:
3295:
3293:
3291:
2737:
The Psychobiology of Transsexualism and Transgenderism
2637:
Traversing Gender: Understanding Transgender Realities
1438:
followed soon after in 1973, being the first in Asia.
4903:"Pentagon to pay for surgery for transgender soldier"
4702:
World Professional Association for Transgender Health
3955:
3270:
Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc. (PPFA)
2839:"Trans People Are Seeking Nonbinary Bottom Surgeries"
2118:
World Professional Association for Transgender Health
1848:
as treatment of what is now called gender dysphoria.
1789:
World Professional Association for Transgender Health
1581:
typically pursued by people assigned male at birth.
4776:
4749:
4546:
As Nature Made Him: The Boy Who Was Raised as a Girl
3336:"Voice feminizing therapy and surgery – Mayo Clinic"
2223:
months of prior physician-supervised hormone therapy
1957:
Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights
1466:, though this term is usually considered offensive.
1379:
Professional medical organizations have established
1360:, although many such treatments are also pursued by
5308:
5306:
3868:"SOGI Casebook Introduction, Chapter six: Intersex"
3288:
2405:hood and the clitoris underneath the reconstructed
1930:Following phalloplasty, in 1999, the procedure for
1348:to resemble those associated with their identified
5514:
5512:
5510:
5508:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5500:
5498:
5313:Jokić-Begić N, Lauri Korajlija A, Jurin T (2014).
3785:
3783:
3781:
1364:and non-intersex individuals. It is also known as
5613:
5611:
5403:. New York, NY, U.S.: Springer. pp. 319–330.
5401:Gender Dysphoria and Disorders of Sex Development
4600:
2805:"Gender-Affirming Surgery: Masculinizing Options"
2250:
6943:
5804:
5416:
5414:
5412:
5410:
5303:
4894:
4603:Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
175:
5495:
5141:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5131:
5129:
4930:
4928:
3998:
3778:
3371:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open
3152:
3150:
3067:
3065:
5608:
4487:, Commissioner for Human Rights (April 2015),
4452:Free & Equal Campaign Fact Sheet: Intersex
3562:(1st ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
3524:
3522:
3484:
2861:
2859:
2627:
1641:, genital reconstruction usually involves the
5693:
5407:
5282:
4997:
4794:National Association of Social Workers (NASW)
4490:Human rights and intersex people, Issue Paper
4041:
3834:Österreichisches Institut für Menschenrechtet
2809:Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU)
2162:The examples and perspective in this section
1318:
27:Surgical procedures to affirm gender identity
5462:
5460:
5126:
4965:
4925:
4868:
4399:
4134:
4132:
3584:
3147:
3062:
2868:"Gender-Affirming Care for Cisgender People"
2832:
2830:
2456:had a lower level of sexual satisfaction to
2220:persistent, well-documented gender dysphoria
2041:
1974:won the first successful case brought by an
1735:(the shaping of a male-contoured chest), or
5363:
4941:International Journal of Transgender Health
4232:
3992:
3949:
3658:. London: Jarrold Publisher's. p. 128.
3519:
3222:International Journal of Transgender Health
3078:The International Journal of Transgenderism
2865:
2856:
2760:
2470:Legal status of gender-affirming healthcare
1352:. The phrase is most often associated with
5700:
5686:
4688:
4635:
3686:
3668:
3120:
2633:
2180:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
2076:There can be negative outcomes (including
1884:, but their name has not been discovered.
1325:
1311:
5575:
5457:
5340:
5330:
5216:
5206:
4948:
4689:Weber-Main AM (July 2012). Fall H (ed.).
4657:
4539:
4332:
4258:
4209:
4199:
4129:
4069:
4059:
4001:The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
3461:
3437:
3390:
3241:
3097:
2992:
2883:
2827:
2640:. Mystic Productions Press. p. 287.
2345:Learn how and when to remove this message
2196:Learn how and when to remove this message
2006:
1628:Gender-affirming surgery (female-to-male)
1624:Gender-affirming surgery (male-to-female)
5561:
5398:
5239:
4314:
4042:Nolan IT, Kuhner CJ, Dy GW (June 2019).
3691:. Harvard University Press. p. 214.
3443:
2597:
1706:
1587:can also refer to operations pursued by
5012:International Journal of Transgenderism
5000:International Journal of Transgenderism
4971:
4846:
4569:
4442:
3555:
3071:
2914:
2583:National Library Board (NLB) eResources
2359:International Journal of Transgenderism
1762:
14:
6944:
6027:Legal recognition of non-binary gender
5707:
4092:
3590:
3487:The SAGE Encyclopedia of Trans Studies
3415:"Facial Masculinization Surgery (FMS)"
2237:National Association of Social Workers
1939:-appearing" penis in multiple stages.
1617:
1610:activists through terminology such as
1511:(construction of a vulva), as well as
5681:
4549:. Sydney: Harper Collins Publishers.
4514:
3907:from the original on 1 September 2017
3866:International Commission of Jurists.
3701:
3651:
2734:
2570:
2448:had a similar sexual satisfaction to
2291:Psychological and social consequences
2059:Intersex children and cases of trauma
1955:. The legal arguments related to the
1927:in Brazil and from around the world.
1645:. The two most common techniques are
1481:from one sex to another identify as "
4900:
4615:10.1001/archpedi.1997.02170470080015
4497:from the original on 21 January 2022
4387:from the original on 2 November 2013
4138:
3937:from the original on 22 October 2020
3892:
3859:
2836:
2754:
2728:
2609:American Society of Plastic Surgeons
2576:
2558:from the original on 22 January 2022
2312:research paper or scientific journal
2294:
2148:
2100:
1783:(the latter is named in contrast to
4821:
4594:
4582:from the original on 30 August 2019
4477:
4296:from the original on 14 August 2015
4048:Translational Andrology and Urology
3838:Austrian Institute for Human Rights
2001:
1980:International Commission of Jurists
1727:. For trans men, these may include
1599:, or testicular implants following
360:Puberty-suppressing hormone therapy
24:
6957:Surgical procedures and techniques
5435:10.1097/01.sap.0000238428.91834.be
4860:. 26 February 2009. Archived from
4834:from the original on 30 April 2021
4563:
4233:Redfern JS, Jann MW (April 2019).
3958:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
3674:Zeitschrift für Sexualwissenschaft
3607:from the original on 21 April 2016
3197:from the original on 11 March 2022
3123:Genderqueer and Non-Binary Genders
2815:from the original on 25 April 2022
2763:Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal
2662:from the original on 16 March 2020
2255:
2233:American Psychological Association
1702:
1632:
25:
6968:
6952:Gender transitioning and medicine
5659:
4913:from the original on 30 July 2020
4465:from the original on 4 March 2016
4357:from the original on 19 July 2019
3847:from the original on 9 March 2021
3528:
3463:10.1097/01.JU.0000555394.71572.8e
2615:from the original on 12 June 2020
2499:Healthcare and the LGBT community
1643:surgical construction of a vagina
6924:
5665:
5160:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02348.x
5112:10.1097/00004583-200104000-00017
5069:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03625.x
4013:10.1097/00005053-196811000-00007
3970:10.1097/00006534-197001000-00006
3805:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.01065.x
3425:from the original on 23 May 2021
3346:from the original on 23 May 2021
2993:Birenbaum G (25 February 2021).
2866:Schall TE, Moses JD (May 2023).
2579:"First sex reassignment surgery"
2444:individuals of the same gender,
2299:
2153:
2086:John A. Burns School of Medicine
1963:. This affair is referred to as
1809:Adam's apple reduction surgery (
1462:. It is also sometimes called a
1373:
1295:
1294:
1282:
1270:
421:Assisted reproductive technology
5555:
5392:
5357:
5276:
5233:
5174:
5091:
5047:
5038:
4991:
4815:
4723:
4682:
4629:
4533:
4508:
4369:
4308:
4275:
4226:
4175:
4086:
4035:
3886:
3874:from the original on 7 May 2019
3819:
3762:. 22 March 2014. Archived from
3752:
3726:
3714:from the original on 5 May 2019
3695:
3680:
3662:
3645:
3619:
3549:
3489:. SAGE Publishing. p. 32.
3478:
3444:Smith S, Han J (1 April 2019).
3407:
3358:
3328:
3276:from the original on 5 May 2019
3258:
3209:
3114:
3037:
3012:
2986:
2947:
2908:
2711:"Glossary of Transgender Terms"
2605:"Gender Confirmation Surgeries"
2463:
1942:
1831:
1741:bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
6325:Cisgender / cissexual
6320:Childhood gender nonconformity
5148:The Journal of Sexual Medicine
4796:. August 2008 . Archived from
4141:Medicine, Science, and the Law
3793:The Journal of Sexual Medicine
3593:"The tragic true story behind
3125:. Springer. pp. 247–263.
2915:McClain LC (27 January 2023).
2797:
2703:
2674:
2544:
2516:Sexual and reproductive health
2251:Post-procedural considerations
1949:European Court of Human Rights
1773:genital reconstruction surgery
1441:
1358:intersex medical interventions
779:Cisgender / cissexual
774:Childhood gender nonconformity
400:Facial masculinization surgery
13:
1:
6894:Social construction of gender
5481:10.1016/S0022-5347(17)36416-9
4950:10.1080/26895269.2024.2333525
4570:Diamond M (6 November 2009).
4517:Transgenders and Intersexuals
4188:BioMed Research International
3556:Mancini E (8 November 2010).
3234:10.1080/26895269.2022.2100644
3090:10.1080/15532739.2018.1534075
2739:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
2690:Merriam-Webster, Incorporated
2554:. Trafalgar.com. 1 May 2009.
2537:
1992:
1860:Institute for Sexual Research
1731:(removal of the breasts) and
1256:Social construction of gender
6374:Gender-sexuality questioning
5208:10.1371/journal.pone.0016885
4377:"Gender dysphoria treatment"
3591:Harrod H (8 December 2015).
3383:10.1097/GOX.0000000000001877
3131:10.1057/978-1-137-51053-2_12
2837:Baum SE (14 November 2022).
2775:10.1097/TME.0b013e3182080ef4
2510:O'Donnabhain v. Commissioner
2382:
2275:A secondary analysis of the
2229:American Medical Association
2144:
1769:genital reassignment surgery
1711:Transgender man with healed
1507:(construction of a vagina),
1503:(removal of the testicles),
828:Gender-sexuality questioning
7:
5564:Archives of Sexual Behavior
5521:Archives of Sexual Behavior
5297:10.1016/j.sexol.2012.08.014
5242:Archives of Sexual Behavior
4901:Kube C (14 November 2017).
4315:Rafferty J (October 2018).
2921:Journal of Law and Religion
2634:Harrington L (1 May 2016).
2474:
2242:In 2017, the United States
2176:, discuss the issue on the
1953:hormone replacement therapy
1749:facial feminization surgery
1525:facial feminization surgery
1460:gender confirmation surgery
1456:gender reassignment surgery
1370:gender confirmation surgery
393:Facial feminization surgery
18:Gender-reassignment surgery
10:
6973:
6309:Androphilia and gynephilia
6017:Gender self-identification
4972:Millman A (4 March 2021).
4153:10.1177/002580249503500105
3495:10.4135/9781544393858.n188
3175:10.1016/j.juro.2017.10.013
2872:The Hastings Center Report
2467:
2104:
2062:
1819:
1621:
1612:genital-mutilation surgery
1529:voice feminization surgery
1448:gender-affirmation surgery
763:Androphilia and gynephilia
463:Gender self-identification
6904:
6839:
6815:
6582:
6532:
6433:
6426:
6296:
6157:
6085:Against non-binary people
6075:
6007:
5925:
5766:Non-binary or genderqueer
5718:
5633:10.1007/s11136-013-0497-3
5586:10.1007/s10508-005-1793-y
5533:10.1007/s10508-005-7926-5
5423:Annals of Plastic Surgery
5378:10.1007/s11199-011-0110-6
5319:TheScientificWorldJournal
5024:10.1080/15532730903383799
4731:"WPATH Standards of Care"
3893:M.H. (1 September 2017).
3740:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
3702:Roach M (18 March 2007).
3072:Vincent B (3 July 2019).
2585:. Government of Singapore
2577:Chan MC (4 August 2011).
2042:Gender dysphoric children
1777:sex reassignment surgery,
1747:). For some trans women,
1651:rectosigmoid vaginoplasty
1553:(removal of the uterus),
1403:masculinization surgeries
137:Non-binary or genderqueer
5672:Gender-affirming surgery
5621:Quality of Life Research
2532:
2327:overly technical phrases
2319:help improve the section
2122:psychological evaluation
1743:(removal of ovaries and
1585:Gender-affirming surgery
1539:assigned female at birth
1499:(removal of the penis),
1452:sex reassignment surgery
1366:sex reassignment surgery
1338:Gender-affirming surgery
582:Parental rights movement
491:Political office-holders
370:Gender-affirming surgery
6210:Non-binary People's Day
6090:Against transgender men
5805:
5738:Bissu, Calabai, Calalai
5254:10.1023/A:1024086814364
4383:. U.K. 3 October 2018.
4381:National Health Service
4061:10.21037/tau.2019.04.09
3310:, WPATH, archived from
2521:Transgender health care
2277:U.S. Transgender Survey
1865:Between 1930 and 1931,
1354:transgender health care
176:
109:Bissu, Calabai, Calalai
6931:Transgender portal
6884:Sex–gender distinction
6351:Gender detransitioning
6167:Anatomical terminology
5469:The Journal of Urology
5057:Clinical Endocrinology
4334:10.1542/peds.2018-2162
4251:10.1089/trgh.2018.0038
3927:"A Really High Hurdle"
3450:The Journal of Urology
3163:The Journal of Urology
2968:10.1089/trgh.2022.0119
2715:Johns Hopkins Medicine
2364:Clinical Endocrinology
2007:Medical considerations
1719:
1493:assigned male at birth
1387:Feminization surgeries
1346:sexual characteristics
1277:Transgender portal
1246:Sex–gender distinction
805:Gender detransitioning
692:Anatomical terminology
6869:Queer heterosexuality
6389:Rapid-onset dysphoria
6067:Yogyakarta Principles
4858:Human Rights Campaign
4650:10.1038/ncpendmet0694
4576:University of Hawaiʻi
4420:10.1542/peds.102.1.e9
3840:]. 12 June 2003.
3687:Meyerowitz J (2002).
3652:Hoyer N, ed. (1933).
2526:Yogyakarta Principles
2504:Morphological freedom
2357:A 2009 review in the
2244:Defense Health Agency
1947:On 12 June 2003, the
1710:
1231:Queer heterosexuality
843:Rapid-onset dysphoria
626:Yogyakarta Principles
6363:Gender transitioning
6315:Blanchard's typology
6237:fictional characters
6095:Anti-gender movement
6047:Rights organizations
5674:at Wikimedia Commons
4864:on 26 February 2009.
4772:on 11 February 2009.
4711:on 20 September 2012
4201:10.1155/2018/9652305
3704:"Girls Will Be Boys"
3419:Constructive Surgery
3317:on 30 September 2011
3228:(Suppl 1): S1–S259.
2269:chest reconstruction
2174:improve this section
2090:University of Hawaii
1811:chondrolaryngoplasty
1763:Scope and procedures
1733:chest reconstruction
1716:chest reconstruction
1543:chest reconstruction
817:Gender transitioning
769:Blanchard's typology
697:Fictional characters
643:Events and awareness
549:Anti-gender movement
6849:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
6182:LGBTQ-related films
6159:Society and culture
5399:Bockting W (2014).
5332:10.1155/2014/960745
5199:2011PLoSO...616885D
4737:on 1 September 2014
4283:"Standards of Care"
3633:. 10 September 2015
3537:on 18 December 2019
3531:"Trans Media Watch"
3024:Estetica Thailandia
2398:tactile sensitivity
2321:by rewriting it in
2030:People with HIV or
2021:sex hormone therapy
1965:van Kück vs Germany
1836:In the US in 1917,
1757:breast augmentation
1618:Surgical procedures
1513:breast augmentation
1399:breast augmentation
1211:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
756:Theory and concepts
638:Society and culture
619:Trans panic defense
6889:Sexual orientation
6195:Day of Remembrance
5372:(11–12): 738–753.
4239:Transgender Health
3931:Human Rights Watch
3708:The New York Times
2956:Transgender Health
2933:10.1017/jlr.2023.1
2323:encyclopedic style
2310:is written like a
2227:In June 2008, the
2107:Transgender rights
1972:Christiane Völling
1899:female-to-male SRS
1875:uterine transplant
1871:ovarian transplant
1720:
1578:non-binary genders
1519:(reduction of the
1251:Sexual orientation
1090:Disenfranchisement
659:Day of Remembrance
560:trans-exclusionary
45:Transgender topics
6939:
6938:
6835:
6834:
6357:Gender expression
6200:Day of Visibility
5721:Gender identities
5670:Media related to
5154:(12): 3379–3388.
5008:Standards of Care
4609:(10): 1046–1050.
4556:978-0-7322-7433-7
4526:978-0-9751145-4-4
4485:Council of Europe
4107:10.1002/phar.1668
4101:(12): 1130–1139.
3933:. 19 March 2019.
3569:978-0-230-11439-5
3504:978-1-5443-9381-0
3140:978-1-137-51052-5
2885:10.1002/hast.1486
2746:978-1-4408-3127-0
2735:Bevan TE (2014).
2647:978-1-942733-83-6
2362:meta-analysis in
2355:
2354:
2347:
2206:
2205:
2198:
2101:Standards of care
1925:transgender women
1856:Magnus Hirschfeld
1381:Standards of Care
1335:
1334:
1181:elected officials
811:Gender expression
664:Day of Visibility
473:Non-binary gender
439:Standards of Care
96:Gender identities
16:(Redirected from
6964:
6929:
6928:
6806:
6673:
6639:
6610:
6560:
6478:
6451:
6431:
6430:
6365:
6353:
6311:
6232:Media portrayals
6160:
5938:Gender dysphoria
5931:
5810:
5722:
5702:
5695:
5688:
5679:
5678:
5669:
5653:
5652:
5615:
5606:
5605:
5579:
5559:
5553:
5552:
5516:
5493:
5492:
5475:(6): 1463–1468.
5464:
5455:
5454:
5418:
5405:
5404:
5396:
5390:
5389:
5361:
5355:
5354:
5344:
5334:
5310:
5301:
5300:
5280:
5274:
5273:
5237:
5231:
5230:
5220:
5210:
5178:
5172:
5171:
5143:
5124:
5123:
5095:
5089:
5088:
5051:
5045:
5042:
5036:
5035:
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4995:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4984:
4969:
4963:
4962:
4952:
4932:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4918:
4898:
4892:
4891:
4890:on 27 March 2009
4889:
4883:, archived from
4882:
4872:
4866:
4865:
4850:
4844:
4843:
4841:
4839:
4819:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4803:on 15 March 2023
4802:
4791:
4783:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4765:. Archived from
4764:
4756:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4742:
4727:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4716:
4710:
4704:. Archived from
4695:
4686:
4680:
4679:
4661:
4633:
4627:
4626:
4598:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4567:
4561:
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4537:
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4530:
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4506:
4505:
4504:
4502:
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4392:
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4336:
4327:(4): e20182162.
4312:
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4305:
4303:
4301:
4295:
4279:
4273:
4272:
4262:
4230:
4224:
4223:
4213:
4203:
4179:
4173:
4172:
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4126:
4090:
4084:
4083:
4073:
4063:
4039:
4033:
4032:
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3989:
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3923:
3917:
3916:
3914:
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3884:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3852:
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3831:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3799:(5): 1306–1313.
3787:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3766:on 22 March 2014
3760:"}} Revista Tpm"
3756:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3533:. Archived from
3526:
3517:
3516:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3465:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3411:
3405:
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3394:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3316:
3309:
3299:
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3283:
3281:
3262:
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3255:
3245:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3202:
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3112:
3111:
3101:
3084:(2–3): 132–137.
3069:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3007:
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2990:
2984:
2983:
2974: 11299100.
2951:
2945:
2944:
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2887:
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2851:
2849:
2834:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2758:
2752:
2750:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2548:
2350:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2330:
2303:
2302:
2295:
2201:
2194:
2190:
2187:
2181:
2157:
2156:
2149:
2135:gender dysphoria
2053:gender dysphoria
2049:puberty blockers
2025:endocrinologists
2002:Prior to surgery
1793:gender dysphoria
1753:hair transplants
1682:James Bellringer
1647:penile inversion
1591:people, such as
1576:As knowledge of
1547:breast reduction
1411:breast reduction
1327:
1320:
1313:
1298:
1297:
1289:LGBTQ portal
1287:
1286:
1285:
1275:
1274:
1125:
952:
819:
807:
765:
712:Media portrayals
565:
564:
563:radical feminism
561:
557:
509:Military service
441:
429:
412:
402:
395:
386:
379:
372:
362:
343:
333:
324:
317:
315:Gender dysphoria
310:
181:
65:
62:
59:
56:
53:
32:
31:
21:
6972:
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6967:
6966:
6965:
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6899:
6898:
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6811:
6800:
6667:
6633:
6604:
6578:
6554:
6528:
6472:
6445:
6422:
6421:
6420:
6411:Transmedicalism
6379:Gender variance
6369:Gender identity
6361:
6349:
6307:
6298:
6292:
6158:
6153:
6071:
6042:Rights movement
6003:
5955:Hormone therapy
5950:Puberty blocker
5926:
5921:
5920:
5919:
5771:Gender fluidity
5720:
5714:
5706:
5662:
5657:
5656:
5616:
5609:
5577:10.1.1.538.6381
5560:
5556:
5517:
5496:
5465:
5458:
5419:
5408:
5397:
5393:
5362:
5358:
5311:
5304:
5281:
5277:
5238:
5234:
5179:
5175:
5144:
5127:
5096:
5092:
5052:
5048:
5044:Monstrey et al.
5043:
5039:
4996:
4992:
4982:
4980:
4970:
4966:
4933:
4926:
4916:
4914:
4899:
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4887:
4880:
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4869:
4852:
4851:
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4785:
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4297:
4293:
4281:
4280:
4276:
4231:
4227:
4180:
4176:
4137:
4130:
4095:Pharmacotherapy
4091:
4087:
4040:
4036:
3997:
3993:
3954:
3950:
3940:
3938:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3910:
3908:
3891:
3887:
3877:
3875:
3864:
3860:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3829:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3788:
3779:
3769:
3767:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3743:
3741:
3738:BBC News Brasil
3732:
3731:
3727:
3717:
3715:
3700:
3696:
3685:
3681:
3667:
3663:
3650:
3646:
3636:
3634:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3610:
3608:
3595:The Danish Girl
3589:
3585:
3570:
3554:
3550:
3540:
3538:
3527:
3520:
3505:
3483:
3479:
3442:
3438:
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3426:
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3333:
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3141:
3119:
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3053:
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3038:
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3013:
3003:
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2991:
2987:
2952:
2948:
2913:
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2864:
2857:
2847:
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2818:
2816:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2759:
2755:
2747:
2733:
2729:
2719:
2717:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2694:
2692:
2682:"Definition of
2680:
2679:
2675:
2665:
2663:
2648:
2632:
2628:
2618:
2616:
2603:
2602:
2598:
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2571:
2561:
2559:
2550:
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2540:
2535:
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2472:
2466:
2385:
2351:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2316:
2304:
2300:
2293:
2258:
2256:Quality of life
2253:
2202:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2171:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2109:
2103:
2067:
2061:
2044:
2009:
2004:
1995:
1959:as well as the
1945:
1834:
1822:
1765:
1745:fallopian tubes
1725:gender identity
1713:double incision
1705:
1703:Other surgeries
1635:
1633:Genital surgery
1630:
1622:Main articles:
1620:
1444:
1331:
1293:
1283:
1281:
1269:
1261:
1260:
1206:
1198:
1197:
1119:
1113:
1106:
946:
891:
885:
875:
874:
865:Transmedicalism
833:Gender variance
823:Gender identity
815:
803:
761:
757:
749:
748:
688:
683:
654:Beauty pageants
645:
639:
631:
630:
587:Transgender men
562:
559:
556:Gender-critical
555:
554:
545:
495:
481:Rights movement
477:
458:
447:
446:
437:
425:
408:
405:
398:
391:
382:
375:
368:
365:
358:
341:Hormone therapy
339:
336:
329:
320:
313:
306:
302:
291:
290:
142:Gender fluidity
98:
88:
63:
60:
57:
54:
51:
28:
23:
22:
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12:
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6902:
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6897:
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6881:
6876:
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6866:
6861:
6859:Gender studies
6856:
6851:
6845:
6844:
6843:
6841:
6837:
6836:
6833:
6832:
6830:
6829:
6823:
6821:
6819:office-holders
6813:
6812:
6810:
6809:
6808:
6807:
6792:
6791:
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6785:
6775:
6774:
6773:
6766:United Kingdom
6763:
6762:
6761:
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6748:
6747:
6746:
6738:
6737:
6736:
6731:
6723:
6718:
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6707:
6706:
6701:
6696:
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6681:
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6675:
6674:
6659:
6658:
6657:
6655:2016 bill C-16
6647:
6642:
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6625:
6624:
6623:
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6588:
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6525:
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6512:United Kingdom
6509:
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6479:
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6437:
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6391:
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6376:
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6359:
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6347:
6342:
6337:
6335:Cross-dressing
6332:
6330:Cisnormativity
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6304:
6303:
6302:
6300:
6294:
6293:
6291:
6290:
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6251:
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6239:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6218:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6190:Awareness Week
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6163:
6161:
6155:
6154:
6152:
6151:
6150:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6107:Asylum seekers
6104:
6103:
6102:
6092:
6087:
6081:
6079:
6077:Discrimination
6073:
6072:
6070:
6069:
6064:
6063:
6062:
6057:
6055:bathroom bills
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6013:
6011:
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6002:
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5855:
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5833:
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5763:
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5748:
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5726:
5724:
5716:
5715:
5705:
5704:
5697:
5690:
5682:
5676:
5675:
5661:
5660:External links
5658:
5655:
5654:
5627:(2): 669–676.
5607:
5570:(2): 147–166.
5554:
5527:(6): 679–690.
5494:
5456:
5429:(4): 427–433.
5406:
5391:
5356:
5302:
5291:(2): e55–e58.
5275:
5248:(4): 299–315.
5232:
5173:
5125:
5106:(4): 472–481.
5090:
5063:(2): 214–231.
5046:
5037:
5018:(3): 206–214.
4990:
4964:
4924:
4893:
4867:
4845:
4814:
4775:
4748:
4722:
4681:
4628:
4593:
4562:
4555:
4532:
4525:
4507:
4476:
4441:
4398:
4368:
4307:
4274:
4245:(1): 118–130.
4225:
4174:
4128:
4085:
4054:(3): 184–190.
4034:
4007:(5): 510–516.
3991:
3948:
3918:
3885:
3858:
3818:
3777:
3751:
3725:
3694:
3679:
3661:
3644:
3618:
3583:
3568:
3548:
3518:
3503:
3477:
3436:
3406:
3357:
3327:
3287:
3257:
3208:
3169:(3): 760–765.
3146:
3139:
3113:
3061:
3036:
3011:
2985:
2962:(3): 241–253.
2946:
2907:
2855:
2826:
2796:
2753:
2745:
2727:
2702:
2673:
2646:
2626:
2596:
2569:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2484:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2468:Main article:
2465:
2462:
2390:penile implant
2384:
2381:
2353:
2352:
2307:
2305:
2298:
2292:
2289:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2204:
2203:
2168:of the subject
2166:worldwide view
2161:
2159:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2102:
2099:
2082:Milton Diamond
2073:implications.
2063:Main article:
2060:
2057:
2043:
2040:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1944:
1941:
1932:metoidioplasty
1910:Roberto Farina
1895:Harold Gillies
1833:
1830:
1821:
1818:
1781:bottom surgery
1764:
1761:
1704:
1701:
1677:sex assignment
1666:metoidioplasty
1634:
1631:
1619:
1616:
1597:penile implant
1559:metoidioplasty
1531:among others.
1517:tracheal shave
1472:bottom surgery
1443:
1440:
1372:, and several
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1322:
1315:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1292:
1291:
1279:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1221:Gender studies
1218:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1186:Cafeteria riot
1183:
1178:
1168:
1166:United Kingdom
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1126:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1068:United Kingdom
1065:
1064:
1063:
1055:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1025:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1005:
1000:
995:
994:
993:
988:
983:
975:
974:
973:
968:
963:
953:
941:
936:
931:
930:
929:
919:
914:
909:
908:
907:
902:
887:
886:
881:
880:
877:
876:
873:
872:
867:
862:
861:
860:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
813:
808:
801:
796:
791:
789:Cross-dressing
786:
784:Cisnormativity
781:
776:
771:
766:
758:
755:
754:
751:
750:
747:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
725:
724:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
684:
682:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
649:Awareness Week
641:
640:
637:
636:
633:
632:
629:
628:
623:
622:
621:
616:
606:
601:
596:
595:
594:
589:
584:
579:
572:Discrimination
569:
568:
567:
544:
543:
542:
541:
536:
534:Bathroom bills
528:
523:
522:
521:
516:
506:
501:
494:
493:
488:
483:
476:
475:
470:
465:
459:
453:
452:
449:
448:
445:
444:
443:
442:
430:
423:
418:
413:
404:
403:
396:
389:
388:
387:
384:male-to-female
380:
377:female-to-male
364:
363:
356:
355:
354:
349:
335:
334:
331:Sex assignment
327:
326:
325:
311:
303:
297:
296:
293:
292:
289:
288:
283:
282:
281:
274:
264:
263:
262:
255:
248:
238:
233:
232:
231:
226:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
187:
182:
173:
168:
158:
153:
146:
145:
144:
134:
129:
124:
119:
112:
105:
99:
94:
93:
90:
89:
87:
86:
81:
76:
70:
67:
66:
48:
47:
41:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6969:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6949:
6947:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6906:
6903:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6846:
6842:
6838:
6828:
6827:United States
6825:
6824:
6822:
6820:
6814:
6804:
6799:
6796:
6795:
6793:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6783:legal history
6781:
6780:
6779:
6778:United States
6776:
6772:
6769:
6768:
6767:
6764:
6760:
6757:
6756:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6745:
6742:
6741:
6740:South Africa
6739:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6726:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6686:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6671:
6666:
6663:
6662:
6660:
6656:
6653:
6652:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6637:
6632:
6629:
6628:
6626:
6622:
6619:
6618:
6617:
6614:
6608:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6594:
6593:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6585:
6581:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6558:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6547:ancient Egypt
6545:
6543:
6540:
6539:
6537:
6535:
6531:
6523:
6520:
6519:
6518:
6517:United States
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6476:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6449:
6444:
6441:
6440:
6438:
6436:
6432:
6429:
6425:
6417:
6416:Transmisogyny
6414:
6412:
6409:
6405:
6402:
6401:
6400:
6399:Transfeminism
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6384:Postgenderism
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6364:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6352:
6348:
6346:
6345:Gender binary
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6310:
6306:
6305:
6301:
6295:
6289:
6288:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6275:
6272:
6271:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6234:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6187:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6164:
6162:
6156:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6134:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6127:Transmisogyny
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6101:
6098:
6097:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6078:
6074:
6068:
6065:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6014:
6012:
6010:
6006:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5979:
5978:
5975:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5965:masculinizing
5963:
5961:
5958:
5957:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5944:
5941:
5940:
5939:
5936:
5935:
5933:
5929:
5924:
5916:
5913:
5909:
5908:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5898:
5897:
5894:
5890:
5889:
5885:
5883:
5882:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5853:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5821:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5809:
5808:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5792:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5780:
5776:
5772:
5769:
5768:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5756:Gender bender
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5746:
5742:
5740:
5739:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5729:
5725:
5723:
5717:
5713:
5710:
5703:
5698:
5696:
5691:
5689:
5684:
5683:
5680:
5673:
5668:
5664:
5663:
5650:
5646:
5642:
5638:
5634:
5630:
5626:
5622:
5614:
5612:
5603:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5587:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5569:
5565:
5558:
5550:
5546:
5542:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5522:
5515:
5513:
5511:
5509:
5507:
5505:
5503:
5501:
5499:
5490:
5486:
5482:
5478:
5474:
5470:
5463:
5461:
5452:
5448:
5444:
5440:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5417:
5415:
5413:
5411:
5402:
5395:
5387:
5383:
5379:
5375:
5371:
5367:
5360:
5352:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5324:
5320:
5316:
5309:
5307:
5298:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5279:
5271:
5267:
5263:
5259:
5255:
5251:
5247:
5243:
5236:
5228:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5193:(2): e16885.
5192:
5188:
5184:
5177:
5169:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5153:
5149:
5142:
5140:
5138:
5136:
5134:
5132:
5130:
5121:
5117:
5113:
5109:
5105:
5101:
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5086:
5082:
5078:
5074:
5070:
5066:
5062:
5058:
5050:
5041:
5033:
5029:
5025:
5021:
5017:
5013:
5009:
5001:
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4979:
4975:
4968:
4960:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4931:
4929:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4897:
4886:
4879:
4878:
4871:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4849:
4833:
4829:
4825:
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4799:
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4788:
4782:
4780:
4768:
4761:
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4753:
4736:
4732:
4726:
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4703:
4699:
4692:
4685:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4632:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4597:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4566:
4558:
4552:
4548:
4547:
4542:
4536:
4528:
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4429:
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4402:
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4382:
4378:
4372:
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4352:
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4344:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4311:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4278:
4270:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4229:
4221:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4178:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4135:
4133:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4089:
4081:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4038:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3995:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3952:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3922:
3906:
3902:
3901:
3900:The Economist
3896:
3889:
3873:
3869:
3862:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3828:
3822:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3765:
3761:
3755:
3739:
3735:
3729:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3698:
3690:
3683:
3675:
3671:
3665:
3657:
3656:
3648:
3632:
3631:Biography.com
3628:
3622:
3606:
3602:
3601:The Telegraph
3598:
3596:
3587:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3565:
3561:
3560:
3552:
3536:
3532:
3525:
3523:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3481:
3473:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3440:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3410:
3402:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3377:(10): e1877.
3376:
3372:
3368:
3361:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3313:
3306:
3305:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3275:
3271:
3267:
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3253:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3212:
3196:
3192:
3188:
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3176:
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3079:
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3050:
3046:
3040:
3025:
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3015:
3000:
2996:
2989:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2950:
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2938:
2934:
2930:
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2860:
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2831:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2800:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2757:
2748:
2742:
2738:
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2395:
2391:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2365:
2360:
2349:
2346:
2338:
2328:
2325:and simplify
2324:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2308:This section
2306:
2297:
2296:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2282:response bias
2278:
2273:
2270:
2265:
2263:
2262:mental health
2248:
2245:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2214:
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1419:
1418:masculinizing
1414:
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1171:United States
1169:
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1085:United States
1083:
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1042:South Africa
1041:
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870:Transmisogyny
868:
866:
863:
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854:
853:Transfeminism
851:
849:
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839:
838:Postgenderism
836:
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814:
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799:Gender binary
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519:United States
517:
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511:
510:
507:
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500:
497:
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492:
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486:Organizations
484:
482:
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464:
461:
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450:
440:
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434:
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427:Voice therapy
424:
422:
419:
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390:
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374:
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352:masculinizing
350:
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342:
338:
337:
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319:
318:
316:
312:
309:
308:Gender clinic
305:
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300:
295:
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280:
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127:Gender bender
125:
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118:
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100:
97:
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6564:Nazi Germany
6285:
6259:Publications
6177:Christianity
6112:Cisgenderism
6032:Legal status
6022:Legal gender
5994:Legal status
5976:
5930:and medicine
5905:
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4981:. Retrieved
4977:
4967:
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4915:. Retrieved
4906:
4896:
4885:the original
4876:
4870:
4862:the original
4857:
4848:
4836:. Retrieved
4827:
4817:
4805:. Retrieved
4798:the original
4793:
4767:the original
4739:. Retrieved
4735:the original
4725:
4713:. Retrieved
4706:the original
4697:
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4637:
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4596:
4584:. Retrieved
4575:
4565:
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4467:. Retrieved
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4380:
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4324:
4320:
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4298:. Retrieved
4286:
4277:
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4238:
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4147:(1): 17–24.
4144:
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4000:
3994:
3964:(1): 38–46.
3961:
3957:
3951:
3939:. Retrieved
3930:
3921:
3909:. Retrieved
3898:
3888:
3876:. Retrieved
3861:
3849:. Retrieved
3837:
3833:
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3792:
3768:. Retrieved
3764:the original
3754:
3742:. Retrieved
3737:
3728:
3716:. Retrieved
3707:
3697:
3688:
3682:
3673:
3670:Hirschfeld M
3664:
3654:
3647:
3637:25 September
3635:. Retrieved
3630:
3621:
3609:. Retrieved
3600:
3594:
3586:
3558:
3551:
3539:. Retrieved
3535:the original
3486:
3480:
3456:(4S): e244.
3453:
3449:
3439:
3427:. Retrieved
3418:
3409:
3374:
3370:
3360:
3348:. Retrieved
3339:
3330:
3319:, retrieved
3312:the original
3303:
3278:. Retrieved
3269:
3260:
3225:
3221:
3211:
3199:. Retrieved
3166:
3162:
3122:
3116:
3081:
3077:
3054:30 September
3052:. Retrieved
3048:
3039:
3029:30 September
3027:. Retrieved
3023:
3014:
3002:. Retrieved
2998:
2988:
2959:
2955:
2949:
2924:
2920:
2910:
2878:(3): 15–24.
2875:
2871:
2848:29 September
2846:. Retrieved
2842:
2817:. Retrieved
2808:
2799:
2769:(1): 55–64.
2766:
2762:
2756:
2736:
2730:
2718:. Retrieved
2714:
2705:
2695:25 September
2693:. Retrieved
2689:
2683:
2676:
2664:. Retrieved
2636:
2629:
2617:. Retrieved
2608:
2599:
2589:17 September
2587:. Retrieved
2582:
2572:
2560:. Retrieved
2546:
2508:
2494:Genitoplasty
2486:
2464:Legal status
2434:trans people
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2411:
2394:phalloplasty
2386:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2358:
2356:
2341:
2335:October 2023
2332:
2309:
2286:
2274:
2266:
2259:
2241:
2226:
2211:hysterectomy
2207:
2192:
2186:October 2019
2183:
2163:
2139:
2131:
2127:
2110:
2075:
2071:human rights
2068:
2045:
2037:
2029:
2010:
1996:
1988:
1984:
1969:
1964:
1946:
1943:21st century
1929:
1921:Jalma Jurado
1914:
1907:
1903:phalloplasty
1892:
1886:
1879:
1864:
1858:at Berlin's
1852:Dora Richter
1850:
1842:hysterectomy
1838:Alan L. Hart
1835:
1832:20th century
1823:
1815:
1808:
1805:
1801:electrolysis
1797:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1766:
1737:hysterectomy
1721:
1686:
1670:
1662:phalloplasty
1655:
1636:
1611:
1605:
1584:
1583:
1575:
1571:scrotoplasty
1563:phalloplasty
1555:oophorectomy
1551:hysterectomy
1533:
1521:Adam's apple
1505:vaginoplasty
1487:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1445:
1432:legal gender
1426:
1415:
1407:phalloplasty
1391:vaginoplasty
1385:
1378:
1369:
1365:
1337:
1336:
1156:Nazi Germany
1108:
888:
729:Publications
685:
642:
468:Legal gender
456:legal status
410:Hair removal
369:
276:
257:
250:
221:
189:
161:Third gender
148:
114:
107:
29:
6801: [
6751:South Korea
6721:New Zealand
6668: [
6634: [
6605: [
6569:South Korea
6555: [
6473: [
6446: [
6254:Pornography
6147:trans panic
5943:in children
5928:Health care
5915:Transsexual
5896:Transgender
5870:Trans woman
5826:Mudoko dako
5807:Femminiello
5709:Transgender
4917:15 November
4822:Wareham J.
4807:2 September
4659:10125/66380
4541:Colapinto J
4194:: 9652305.
3911:2 September
3878:27 December
3627:"Lili Elbe"
3611:11 December
3340:Mayo Clinic
2562:12 February
2452:women, but
2446:trans women
2438:transgender
2432:Concerning
2032:hepatitis C
1882:housekeeper
1846:gonadectomy
1785:top surgery
1697:vaginectomy
1689:orchiectomy
1639:trans women
1601:orchiectomy
1593:mammaplasty
1537:and others
1509:vulvoplasty
1501:orchiectomy
1491:and others
1489:Trans women
1483:transsexual
1468:Top surgery
1442:Terminology
1395:vulvoplasty
1374:other names
1120: [
1100:Transphobia
1053:South Korea
1023:New Zealand
947: [
514:South Korea
454:Rights and
322:in children
299:Health care
286:Transsexual
267:Transgender
241:Trans woman
197:Mudoko dako
178:Femminiello
6946:Categories
6704:Tamil Nadu
6427:By country
6340:Deadnaming
6297:Theory and
6274:ice hockey
6117:Inequality
5960:feminizing
5846:Two-spirit
5831:Mukhannath
5800:Faʻafafine
5325:: 960745.
5285:Sexologies
5004:quoted in
4715:31 October
4644:(1): 4–5.
4408:Pediatrics
4321:Pediatrics
3941:26 October
3770:22 October
3744:25 October
3541:1 November
2927:(1): 1–9.
2684:sex change
2666:15 October
2538:References
2235:, and the
2105:See also:
1993:Prevalence
1888:Elmer Belt
1826:Elagabalus
1729:mastectomy
1673:non-binary
1608:anti-trans
1479:transition
1464:sex change
1422:feminizing
991:Tamil Nadu
883:By country
794:Deadnaming
744:Television
722:non-binary
707:Literature
604:Inequality
577:Non-binary
504:Healthcare
347:feminizing
217:Two-spirit
202:Mukhannath
171:Faʻafafine
6817:Political
6729:2017 bill
6725:Pakistan
6689:2014 Bill
6616:Australia
6592:Argentina
6574:Singapore
6507:Singapore
6455:Australia
6443:Argentina
6264:Sexuality
5999:Pregnancy
5982:to female
5907:Akava'ine
5875:Fakaleitī
5865:Trans man
5785:Koekchuch
5751:Cisgender
5745:Burrnesha
5732:Androgyne
5572:CiteSeerX
5366:Sex Roles
4959:2689-5269
4741:11 August
4698:wpath.org
4414:(1): e9.
4391:27 August
3578:696313936
3529:Munro D.
3513:242422061
3472:149966616
3321:7 October
3004:15 August
2941:0748-0814
2902:259110063
2656:947837700
2454:trans men
2442:cisgender
2383:Sexuality
2178:talk page
2145:Insurance
1970:In 2011,
1961:Article 8
1908:In 1971,
1893:In 1951,
1867:Lili Elbe
1693:penectomy
1658:trans men
1589:cisgender
1535:Trans men
1497:penectomy
1436:Singapore
1362:cisgender
1191:Stonewall
1161:Singapore
1129:Australia
1117:Argentina
1078:2022 bill
1038:Singapore
1011:2017 bill
1007:Pakistan
981:2014 bill
927:2016 bill
912:Australia
895:Argentina
416:Pregnancy
301:practices
278:Akava'ine
246:Fakaleitī
236:Trans man
156:Koekchuch
122:Cisgender
116:Burrnesha
103:Androgyne
6919:Category
6914:Timeline
6864:Intersex
6840:See also
6798:2018 law
6794:Uruguay
6788:title IX
6771:2004 act
6759:2022 law
6744:2003 Act
6734:2018 Act
6694:2019 Act
6665:2018 law
6631:2016 law
6627:Bolivia
6621:re Kevin
6602:2021 law
6597:2012 law
6465:Cambodia
6299:concepts
6142:killings
6137:genocide
6132:Violence
6051:Toilets
6037:Marriage
5881:Mak nyah
5858:X-gender
5841:Travesti
5649:23051224
5641:23943260
5602:25671520
5594:15803249
5549:42916543
5541:16362252
5451:46169398
5443:17413887
5386:37723853
5351:24790589
5262:12856892
5227:21364939
5187:PLOS ONE
5168:21699661
5120:11314574
5085:19590739
5077:19473181
5032:58637820
4943:: 1–21.
4911:Archived
4907:NBC News
4832:Archived
4676:13382948
4668:17984980
4586:1 August
4580:Archived
4543:(2002).
4495:archived
4469:14 March
4460:Archived
4385:Archived
4355:Archived
4351:52288840
4343:30224363
4291:Archived
4269:31289749
4220:30009180
4169:22752221
4123:37001563
4115:26684553
4080:31380225
4029:22252676
3986:27318408
3935:Archived
3905:Archived
3872:Archived
3842:Archived
3813:19175859
3712:Archived
3672:(1908).
3605:Archived
3423:Archived
3401:30534483
3344:Archived
3274:Archived
3252:36238954
3195:Archived
3191:42635923
3183:29032297
3108:32999601
2980:39109263
2894:37285414
2813:Archived
2783:21317698
2660:Archived
2619:7 August
2613:Archived
2556:Archived
2475:See also
2403:clitoris
2172:You may
2095:disorder
2013:diabetes
1976:intersex
1569:through
1565:, and a
1401:, while
1342:surgical
1301:Category
1226:Intersex
1205:See also
1176:Legality
1134:Re Kevin
1095:Title IX
1073:2004 act
1061:2022 law
1046:2003 act
1031:2016 act
1016:2018 act
986:2019 act
971:2024 law
966:2018 law
961:1980 law
905:2021 law
900:2012 law
734:Religion
609:Violence
599:Genocide
530:Toilets
252:Mak nyah
229:X-gender
212:Travesti
84:Timeline
37:a series
35:Part of
6909:Outline
6716:Ireland
6679:Germany
6487:Finland
6435:History
6394:Studies
6227:History
6186:Events
5987:to male
5977:Surgery
5888:Rae-rae
5814:Khanith
5779:Kathoey
5489:8501789
5342:3984784
5270:9960176
5218:3043071
5195:Bibcode
4983:10 July
4623:9343018
4436:7364636
4428:9651461
4361:23 July
4260:6608700
4211:6020665
4161:7877467
4071:6626314
4021:5726922
3978:4902840
3392:6250475
3243:9553112
3099:6831034
2791:2481961
2488:Femalia
2414:orgasms
2407:phallus
2317:Please
2112:called
2084:at the
1820:History
1567:scrotum
1151:Finland
1110:History
1027:Norway
1003:Ireland
956:Germany
939:Finland
848:Studies
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