Gender role - Knowledge

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two perspectives: traditional and egalitarian. Traditional attitudes uphold designated responsibilities for the sexes – wives raise the children and keep the home nice, and husbands are the breadwinners. Egalitarian attitudes uphold responsibilities being carried out equally by both sexes – wives and husbands are both breadwinners and they both take part in raising the children and keeping the home nice. Over the past 40 years, attitudes in marriages have become more egalitarian. Two studies carried out in the early 2000s have shown strong correlation between egalitarian attitudes and happiness and satisfaction in marriage, which scholars believe lead to stabilization in divorce rates. The results of a 2006 study performed by Gayle Kaufman, a professor of sociology, indicated that those who hold egalitarian attitudes report significantly higher levels of marital happiness than those with more traditional attitudes. Another study executed by Will Marshall in 2008 had results showing that relationships with better quality involve people with more egalitarian beliefs. It has been assumed by Danielle J. Lindemann, a sociologist who studies gender, sexuality, the family, and culture, that the shift in gender roles and egalitarian attitudes have resulted in marriage stability due to tasks being carried out by both partners, such as working late-nights and picking up ill children from school. Although the gap in gender roles still exists, roles have become less gendered and more equal in marriages compared to how they were traditionally.

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described by Elisabeth K. Kelan as an "ethnomethodological approach" which analyzes "micro interactions to reveal how the objective and given nature of the world is accomplished," suggesting that gender does not exist until it is empirically perceived and performed through interactions. West and Zimmerman argued that the use of "role" to describe gender expectations conceals the production of gender through everyday activities. Furthermore, they stated that roles are situated identities, such as "nurse" and "student," which are developed as the situation demands, while gender is a master identity with no specific site or organizational context. For them, "conceptualizing gender as a role makes it difficult to assess its influence on other roles and reduces its explanatory usefulness in discussions of power and inequality." West and Zimmerman consider gender an individual production that reflects and constructs interactional and institutional gender expectations.

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often comes from role-modeling parents, peers, teachers, and other significant figures in one's life. In a marriage, oftentimes each person's gendered roles are determined by his or her parents. If the wife grew up imitating the actions of traditional parents, and the husband non-traditional parents, their views on marital roles would be different. One way people can acquire these stereotypical roles through a reward and punishment system. When a little girl imitates her mother by performing the traditional domestic duties she is often rewarded by being told she is doing a good job. Nontraditionally, if a little boy was performing the same tasks he would more likely be punished due to acting feminine. Because society holds these expected roles for men and women within a marriage, it creates a mold for children to follow.

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children. Another journal article by Emerald Group Publishing Limited examined the underrepresentation of women in children's television shows between 1930 and 1960. While studies between 1960 and 1990 showed an increase in the representation of women in television, studies conducted between 1990 and 2005, a time when women were considered to be equal to men by some, show no change in the representation of women in children's television shows. Women, being underrepresented in children's television shows, are also often portrayed as married or in a relationship, while men are more likely to be single. This reoccurring theme in relationship status can be reflected in the ideals of children that only see this type of representation.

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husband control her. Other places, such as Singapore and Taipei are also seeing changes in gender roles. In many societies, but especially Singapore and Taipei, women have more jobs that have a leadership position (i.e. A doctor or manager), and fewer jobs as a regular worker (i.e. A clerk or salesperson). The males in Singapore also have more leadership roles, but they have more lower level jobs too. In the past, the women would get the lower level jobs, and the men would get all the leadership positions. There is an increase of male unemployment in Singapore, Taipei, and Hong Kong, so the women are having to work more in order to support their families. In the past, the males were usually the ones supporting the family.

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roles are learned, the media has a direct impact on individuals. Thinking about the way in which couples act on romantic television shows or movies and the way women are portrayed as passive in magazine ads, reveals a lot about how gender roles are viewed in society and in heterosexual marriages. Traditional gendered roles view the man as a "pro-creator, a protector, and a provider," and the woman as "pretty and polite but not too aggressive, not too outspoken and not too smart." Media aids in society conforming to these traditional gendered views. People learn through imitation and social-interaction both in the physical world and through the media; television, magazines, advertisements, newspapers, the Internet, etc.

4425: 2989: 3070: 2741: 2449:, a Dutch researcher and social psychologist who dedicated himself to the study of culture, sees culture as "broad patterns of thinking, feeling and acting" in a society In Hofstede's view, most human cultures can themselves be classified as either masculine or feminine. Masculine culture clearly distinguishes between gender roles, directing men to "be assertive, tough, and focused on material success," and women to "be more modest, tender, and concerned with the quality of life." Feminine cultures tolerate overlapping gender roles, and instruct that "both men and women are supposed to be modest, tender, and concerned with the quality of life." 2230: 3367: 3518: 3599: 14512:. Retrieved 27 December 2014. "Because of the complicated interplay among gender identity, gender roles, and sexual identity, transgender people are often assumed to be lesbian or gay (See Overview: Sexism, Heterosexism, and Transgender Oppression). ... Because transgender identity challenges a binary conception of sexuality and gender, educators must clarify their own understanding of these concepts. ... Facilitators must be able to help participants understand the connections among sexism, heterosexism, and transgender oppression and the ways in which gender roles are maintained, in part, through homophobia." 5859: 2642: 3755:, which reinforces the lower regard for female athletes and perpetuates pre-existing negative perceptions of women's sport. The quality of production and filming of men's and women's sport, such as the use of on-screen graphics, shot variations, duration of video frames and camera angles, are also significantly distinct. This influences the audience perceptions by illustrating women's sport as less significant and engaging. Thus, female athletes not only face a lack of media coverage, but the little amount of coverage tends to reinforce the 3590:

unspecified gender), and in four other scenarios they are asked to sacrifice a woman." The results showed that women who identified as feminists were more willing to 'sacrifice' men than women who did not identify as feminists. "If a person wanted to counteract that and 'level the playing field', that can be done either by boosting women or by downgrading men", said van Breen. "So I think that this effect on evaluations of men arises because our participants are trying to achieve an underlying aim: counteracting gender stereotypes."

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of familial and market relations in Victorian England." In other words, this shows what it meant to grow up into the roles (gender roles) of a female in Victorian England, which transitioned from being a homemaker to being a working woman and then back to being passive and inferior to males. In conclusion, gender roles in the contemporary sex gender model are socially constructed, always changing, and do not really exist since they are ideologies that society constructs in order for various benefits at various times in history.

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in Hong Kong, she wants to cut her work schedule down, but keeps working full time (60–80 hours per week). Similar to Hong Kong, Japanese surgeons still work long hours, but they try to rearrange their schedules so they can be at home more (end up working less than 60 hours). Although all three places have women working advanced jobs, the female surgeons in the US and Hong Kong feel more gender equality at home where they have equal, if not more control of their families, and Japanese surgeons feel the men are still in control.

3459: 15036: 4555: 15443: 15433: 15423: 3081: 5824:" "Patterns of offending by men and by women are notable both for their similarities and for their differences. Both men and women are more heavily involved in minor property and substance abuse offenses than in serious crimes like robbery or murder. However, men offend at much higher rates than women for all crime categories except prostitution. This gender gap in crime is greatest for serious crime and least for mild forms of lawbreaking such as minor property crimes." 21269: 19285: 17935: 3809:

economy. The gender wage gap is largely racial—in the U.S., American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) women, Black women, and Latina women disproportionately experience poverty and larger wage gaps compared with White and Asian women. Women are also more likely to live in poverty if they are single mothers and solely responsible for providing for their children. Poverty among single working mothers would fall 40% or more if women earn equal wages to men.

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rigid and narrow gender roles, it contributes to a culture of violence against women" "People with more resources are more likely to be abusive towards those without resources", meaning that the stronger member of the relationship abuses the weaker partner or family member. However, the fight for power and equality remains – "Intimate partner violence in same-sex couples reveals that the rates are similar to those in the heterosexual community".

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technical employment", test values for work-related egalitarianism were lower for Chinese than for Americans. This is supported by the proportion of women that held professional jobs in China (far less than that of America), the data clearly indicating the limitations on opportunities open to women in contemporary Eastern society. In contrast, there was no difference between the viewpoint of Chinese and Americans regarding domestic gender roles.

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someone who is attracted to people of the opposite sex, the term homosexual is used to classify people who are attracted to those of the same sex, and the term bisexual is used to identify those who are attracted to both the same and opposite sexes. Sexual orientation can be variously defined based on sexual identity, sexual behavior and sexual attraction. People can fall anywhere on a spectrum from strictly heterosexual to strictly homosexual.

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in today's society the division of roles is starting to blur. More and more individuals are adapting non-traditional gender roles into their marriages in order to share responsibilities. This view on gender roles seeks out equality between sexes. In today's society, it is more likely that a husband and wife are both providers for their family. More and more women are entering the workforce while more men are contributing to household duties.

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1. A decade later this number was at 1.66 men for every woman, and in 2008 the ratio was 1.2 to 1 in the US. In 2010 it was found that the ratio of men to women in successful G-rate movies is 2.57 to 1. Notable social theory such as Bandura's social cognitive theory highlights the importance of seeing people in media that are similar to oneself. In other words it is valuable for girls to see similarities to those represented in media.

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literature from the APA says that sexual orientation is not a choice that can be changed at will, and that sexual orientation is most likely the result of a complex interaction of environmental, cognitive and biological factors. is shaped at an early age. and evidence suggests biological, including genetic or inborn hormonal factors, play a significant role in a person's sexuality (American Psychological Association 2010).

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Collins (1998: 4) in their discussion of what they refer to as a 'matrix of domination,' we too conceive that class, race, and gender represent "multiple, interlocking levels of domination that stem from the societal configurations of these structural relationships. These patterned actions, in turn, affecting individual consciousness, group interaction, and individual and group access to institutional power and privileges.

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refusal, feminine people offer stronger and more direct refusals. However, research from Perper and Weis showed that rejection includes acts of avoidance, creating distractions, making excuses, departure, hinting, arguments to delay, etc. These differences in refusal communication techniques are just one example of the importance of communicative competence for both masculine and feminine gender cultures.

3751:. The presentation of male athletes and men's sport is regarded as the standard, while their female counterparts are often considered as the "other" or outside of this norm, as seen in the naming of events, such as "Women's World Cup" while the men's event being simply named as the "World Cup". The use of first names and being referred to as "girls" or "young ladies" for female athletes is also seen as 3797:. This "second shift" refers to the unpaid work women take on in the private sphere—housework, cooking, cleaning, and caring for the family unit. Economically, this restricts a women's ability to advance in her career due to her added (unpaid) responsibilities at home. Gender roles have influenced the idea that women are well suited for more feminine roles such as housekeeping and domestic duties. 4000: 3211: 3605: 3604: 3601: 3600: 3606: 5873: 3624:

strength and independence. These traits do not line up with the perceived traditional female gender role stereotype. (This is often referred to as the "lack of fit" model which describes the dynamics of the gender bias.) Therefore, the perception that women do not possess these "masculine" qualities, limits their ability to be hired or promoted into managerial positions.

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attributed to males and the rest to females. Female sports, expressing the concepts of femininity, are often characterised with flexibility and balance, such as gymnastics or aesthetic sports like dance. Conversely, male sports constitute the idea of masculinity, which is portrayed through strength, speed, aggression and power, such as in football and basketball.

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following: general mannerisms, deportment and demeanor, play preferences and recreational interests; spontaneous topics of talk in unprompted conversation and casual comment; content of dreams, daydreams, and fantasies; replies to oblique inquiries and projective tests; evidence of erotic practices and, finally, the person's own replies to direct inquiry.

3603: 2091:, often including the clothing a person chooses to wear, the profession a person pursues, manner of approach to things, the personal relationships a person enters, and how they behave within those relationships. Although gender roles have evolved and expanded, they traditionally keep women in the "private" sphere, and men in the "public" sphere. 3628:

goal-oriented and generally seen in a positive light while a woman showing a similar performance is often described using adjectives with negative connotations. Female performance is therefore not evaluated neutrally or unbiased and stereotyped in ways to deem their equivalent levels and quality of work as instead of lesser value.

3924:. In an experiment described in this journal article, young girls described pictures of women in advertisements as unrealistic and fake; the women were dressed in revealing clothing which sexualised them and exposed their thin figures, which were gazed upon by the public, creating an issue with stereotyping in the media. 2966:, and has a long tradition of performing in important rituals, such as the birth of sons and weddings. Despite this allowance for transgression, Hindu cultural traditions portray women in contradictory ways. Women's fertility is given great value, but female sexuality is depicted as potentially dangerous and destructive. 2922:"A man asked the Prophet: 'Whom should I honor most?' The Prophet replied: 'Your mother'. 'And who comes next?' asked the man. The Prophet replied: 'Your mother'. 'And who comes next?' asked the man. The Prophet replied: 'Your mother!'. 'And who comes next?' asked the man. The Prophet replied: 'Your father'" 2332:, which at that place and time was the prevalent family structure. The model compared a traditional contemporaneous view of gender roles with a more liberal view. The Parsons model was used to contrast and illustrate extreme positions on gender roles, i.e., gender roles described in the sense of Max Weber's 2267:

strength or dexterity, while girls learn to present themselves as objects to be viewed. Social constructionists argue that differences between male and female behavior are better attributable to gender-segregated children's activities than to any essential, natural, physiological, or genetic predisposition.

4327:, women found themselves shifted into the industrial workforce. During this time, women were expected to take up industrial jobs and support the troops abroad through the means of domestic industry. Moving from "homemakers" and "caregivers", women were now factory workers and "breadwinners" for the family. 3025:, men and women were asked to rank the importance of certain traits in a long-term partner. Both men and women ranked "kindness" and "intelligence" as the two most important factors. Men valued beauty and youth more highly than women, while women valued financial and social status more highly than men. 13415:

In contradistinction to pro-feminism, however, the men's rights perspective addresses specific legal and cultural factors that put men at a disadvantage. The movement is made up of a variety of formal and informal groups that differ in their approaches and issues; Men's rights advocates, for example,

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The social roles, behaviors, attitudes, and psychological characteristics that are more common, more expected, or more accepted for one sex or the other; includes a group of interrelated behaviors, attitudes, and psychological characteristics that influence a variety of risk and risk-taking behaviors

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Perhaps it is an attempt to reconcile this conflict that leads to a common assumption that one same-sex partner assumes a pseudo-male gender role and the other assumes a pseudo-female role. For a gay male relationship, this might lead to the assumption that the "wife" handled domestic chores, was the

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in which the, "abasement of the woman, reducing her from an active participant in the labor market to the passive bodily existence to be controlled by male expertise is indicative of the ways in which the ideological deployment of gender roles operated to facilitate and sustain the changing structure

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has noted, "Women are ahead of men in education (last year, 55 percent of U.S. college graduates were female). And a study shows that in most U.S. cities, single, childless women under 30 are making an average of 8 percent more money than their male counterparts, with Atlanta and Miami in the lead at

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It has also been predicted that gender highly matters only for female candidates that have not been politically established. These predictions apply further to established candidates, stating that gender would not be a defining factor for their campaigns or the focal point of media coverage. This has

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many television advertisements in countries around the world are seen targeting women at different times of the day than men. Advertisements for products directed towards female viewers are shown during the day on weekdays, while products for men are shown during weekends. The same article shows that

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have yet to catch up with this significant advancement. Female athletes and women's sport receive notably less media attention compared to their male counterparts across various forms of media, and this underrepresentation has worsened over the years, despite the rising levels of female participation

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Gender stereotypes can disadvantage women during the hiring process. It is one explanation for the lack of women in key organizational positions. Management and similar leader positions are often perceived to be "masculine" in type, meaning they are assumed to require aggressiveness, competitiveness,

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According to the 1972 study by Jean Lipman-Blumen, women who grew up following traditional gender-roles from childhood were less likely to want to be highly educated while women brought up with the view that men and women are equal were more likely to want higher education. This result indicates that

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The second study looked at gender labeling and stereotyping in the relationship of mother and child using three separate methods. The first consisted of identifying gender labeling and stereotyping, essentially the same method as the first study. The second consisted of behavioral observations, which

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Within the first study, 23 children between the ages of two and seven underwent a series of gender labeling and gender stereotyping tests: the children viewed either pictures of males and females or objects such as a hammer or a broom, then identified or labeled those to a certain gender. The results

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Hall published an observational study on nonverbal gender differences and discussed the cultural reasons for these differences. In her study, she noted women smile and laugh more and have a better understanding of nonverbal cues. She believed women were encouraged to be more emotionally expressive in

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For example, females are often more expressive and intuitive in their communication, but males tend to be instrumental and competitive. In addition, there are differences in accepted communication behaviors for males and females. To improve communication between genders, people who identify as either

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Although existing studies have generally focused on gender views or attitudes that are work-related, there has so far not been a study on specific domestic roles. Supporting Hofstede's 1980 findings, that "high masculinity cultures are associated with low percentages of women holding professional and

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According to the Pew Research Center, the number of stay-at-home fathers in the US nearly doubled in the period from 1989 to 2012, from 1.1 million to 2.0 million. This trend appears to be mirrored in a number of countries including the UK, Canada and Sweden. However, Pew also found that, at least in

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Because the dominant class sees this form of gender expression as unacceptable, inappropriate, or perhaps threatening, these individuals are significantly more likely to experience discrimination and harassment both in their personal lives and from their employers, according to a 2011 report from the

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Most children learn to categorize themselves by gender by the age of three. From birth, in the course of gender socialization, children learn gender stereotypes and roles from their parents and environment. Traditionally, boys learn to manipulate their physical and social environment through physical

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It has also been presented that children are affected by gender roles in the media. Children's preferences in television characters are most likely to be to characters of the same gender. Because children favor characters of the same gender, the characteristics of the character are also looked to by

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Women are also largely under-represented across multiple types of media. A statistical disparity of the male to female ratio shown on television has existed for decades and is constantly changing and improving. Three decades ago findings highlight that males outnumbered females on a ratio of 2.5 to

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In today's society, media saturates nearly every aspect of one's life. It seems inevitable for society to be influenced by the media and what it is portraying. Roles are gendered, meaning that both males and females are viewed and treated differently according to biological sex, and because gendered

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Various studies show different communication strategies with a feminine person refusing a masculine person's sexual interest. Some research, like that of Murnen, show that when feminine people offer refusals, the refusals are verbal and typically direct. When masculine people do not comply with this

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Through such tests, it is known that American southerners exhibit less egalitarian gender views than their northern counterparts, demonstrating that gender views are inevitably affected by an individual's culture. This also may differ among compatriots whose 'cultures' are a few hundred miles apart.

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Over the years, gender roles have continued to change and have a significant impact on the institution of marriage. Traditionally, men and women had completely opposing roles, men were seen as the provider for the family and women were seen as the caretakers of both the home and the family. However,

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Gendered roles in heterosexual marriages are learned through imitation. People learn what society views as appropriate gender behaviors from imitating the repetition of actions by one's role-model or parent of the same biological sex. Imitation in the physical world that impacts one's gendered roles

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In the U.S., single men are outnumbered by single women at a ratio of 100 single women to 86 single men, though never-married men over the age of 15 outnumber women by a 5:4 ratio (33.9% to 27.3%) according to the 2006 U.S. Census American Community Survey. The results are varied between age groups,

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is increased by being aggressive, allowing them to compete with other men for access to females, as well as by being sexually promiscuous and trying to father as many children as possible. Women are benefited by bonding with infants and caring for children. Sociobiologists argue that these roles are

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Masculine cultures expect men to be assertive, ambitious and competitive, to strive for material success, and to respect whatever is big, strong, and fast. Masculine cultures expect women to serve and care for the non-material quality of life, for children and for the weak. Feminine cultures, on the

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In many cultures, gender roles, especially for men, simultaneously act as an indicator for heterosexuality, and as a boundary of acceptable behavior for straight people. Therefore, lesbians, gay men and bisexual people may be viewed as exempt from some or all components of gender roles or as having

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Men's rights groups have called for male-focused governmental structures to address issues specific to men and boys including education, health, work and marriage. Men's rights groups in India have called for the creation of a Men's Welfare Ministry and a National Commission for Men, as well as the

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families moved in droves from urban living into newly developed single-family homes on former farmland just outside major cities. Thus established what many modern critics describe as the "private sphere". Though frequently sold and idealized as "perfect living", many women had difficulty adjusting

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in the United States has increased over the last decades, they still only make up 20% of U.S. senators, 19.4% of U.S. congressional representatives and 24% of statewide executives. Additionally, many of these political campaigns appear to focus on the aggressiveness of the female candidate which is

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when playing a game with a sexualized female character. Women have been stereotyped in online games and have shown to be quite sexist in their appearances. It has been shown these kind of character appearances have influenced peoples' beliefs about gender capabilities by assigning certain qualities

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Specifically, in the immigrant demographic, migrant women are subject to lesser benefits and wage gaps compared to that of what migrant men receive. Preceding 1984 to 1994–2004, Mexican migrant women earned $ 6.0 to $ 7.40 per hour alongside their unpaid domestic responsibilities. Similarly, gender

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theory states that due to these systemic factors of oppression and discrimination, women are often deprived of equal work experiences because they are not provided equal opportunities on the basis of legal rights. Liberal feminists further propose that an end needs to be put to discrimination based

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One's performance at work is also evaluated based on one's gender. If a female and a male worker show the same performance, the implications of that performance vary depending on the person's gender and on who observes the performance; if a man performs exceedingly well he is perceived as driven or

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gender stereotyping. Researchers took participants through a fictional "Moral Choice Dilemma Task", which presented eight scenarios "in which sacrificing one person can save several others of unspecified gender. In four scenarios, participants are asked to sacrifice a man to save several others (of

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In India, the women are married young, and are expected to run the household, even if they did not finish school. It is seen as shameful if a woman has to work outside of the house in order to help support the family. Many women are starting jewelry businesses inside their houses and have their own

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Besides North America and Europe, there are other regions whose gender roles are also changing. In Asia, Hong Kong is very close to the USA because the female surgeons in these societies are focused heavily on home life, whereas Japan is focused more on work life. After a female surgeon gives birth

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Throughout history spouses have been charged with certain societal functions. With the rise of the New World came the expected roles that each spouse was to carry out specifically. Husbands were typically working farmers - the providers. Wives were caregivers for children and the home. However, the

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The institution of marriage influences gender roles, inequality, and change. In the United States, gender roles are communicated by the media, social interaction, and language. Through these platforms society has influenced individuals to fulfill from a young age the stereotypical gender roles in a

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The 'Family Violence Framework' applies gender dynamics to family violence. "Families are constructed around relationships that involve obligations and responsibilities, but also status and power". According to Hattery and Smith, when "masculinity and femininity are constructed...to generate these

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Feminist theory generally defines gender as a social construct that includes ideologies governing feminine/masculine (female/male) appearances, actions, and behaviors. An example of these gender roles would be that males were supposed to be the educated breadwinners of the family, and occupiers of

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While the distinction between male and female sports exist, females participating in male sports is more socially acceptable than the reverse, as questions would arise regarding the masculinity of males competing in the female sports. In a study conducted by Klomsten et al. (2005), they discovered

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The element of beauty in women's sport seems to play a crucial role in the perceived femininity of a sport. This could be due to it being a vital facet in the general concept of femininity itself. The objectification of the female form persists, with women being conditioned to utilize their bodies

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in work experiment, proving that "women are socialized to be more expressive of their feelings and to show this to a greater extent in facial expressions and gestures, as well as by verbal means". The study extended to the biological characteristics of both gender groups — for a higher association

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dependence-based'. In the US people tend to experience emotions in terms of opposition whereas in China, they do so in dialectical terms (i.e., those of logical argumentation and contradictory forces). The study continued with sets of psychological tests among university students in Beijing and in

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With the importance of education emphasized nationwide, and the access of college degrees (online, for example), women have begun furthering their educations. Women have also started to get more involved in recreation activities such as sports, which in the past were regarded to be for men. Family

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After around the year 1980, divorce rates in the United States stabilized. Scholars in the area of sociology explain that this stabilization was due to several factors including, but not limited to, the shift in gender roles. The attitude concerning the shift in gender roles can be classified into

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Sociologist Linda L. Lindsey critiqued the notion that gender roles are a result of prenatal hormone exposure, saying that while hormones may explain sex differences like sexual orientation and gender identity, they "cannot account for gender differences in other roles such as nurturing, love, and

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Sexual orientation is defined by the interplay between a person's emotional and physical attraction toward others. Generally, sexual orientation is broken into the three categories: heterosexual, homosexual and bisexual. By basic definition, the term heterosexual is typically used in reference to

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The concept of gender inequality is often perceived as something that is non-existent within the online community, because of the anonymity possible online. Remote or home-working greatly reduces the volume of information one individual gives another compared to face-to-face encounters, providing

3817:, impacted the employment of migrant men and women, specifically women with lower wages and higher demands. This trend continued in the United States as immigration policy has persistently been grouped into political affiliations alongside various other social, economic, and geographical factors. 3734:

Sport media coverage of males and females differ significantly and this could attribute to the perpetuation of stereotypical gender roles as well as adversely influencing perceptions of women's abilities. Male athletes are often portrayed based on their strength and physical prowess, while female

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As strength has been strongly associated to masculinity for many years, sports have evolved into a significant representation of expressions of masculinity and hence, are commonly perceived as a predominantly male domain. However, this does not completely neglect the position and role of women in

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Societies can change such that the gender roles rapidly change. The 21st century has seen a shift in gender roles due to multiple factors such as new family structures, education, media, and several others. A 2003 survey by the Bureau of Labor Statistics indicated that about 1/3 of wives may earn

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Candace West and Don H. Zimmerman developed an interactionist perspective on gender beyond its construction of "roles." For them, gender is "the product of social doings of some sort undertaken by men and women whose competence as members of society is hostage to its production." This approach is

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In feminine cultures, modesty and relationships are important characteristics. This differs from masculine cultures, where self-enhancement leads to self-esteem. Masculine cultures are individualistic and feminine cultures are more collective because of the significance of personal relationships.

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challenge traditional gender roles in their division of household responsibilities, and gender roles within homosexual relationships are flexible. For instance, cleaning and cooking, traditionally regarded by many as both female responsibilities, might be assigned to different people. Carrington

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Related to this is the Father's Rights Movement, whose members seek social and political reforms that affect fathers and their children. These individuals contest that societal institutions such as family courts, and laws relating to child custody and child support payments, are gender biased in

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Television's influence on society, specifically the influence of television advertisements, is shown in studies such as that of Jörg Matthes, Michael Prieler, and Karoline Adam. Their study into television advertising has shown that women are much more likely to be shown in a setting in the home

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Men, on the other hand, were taught to be less expressive, to suppress their emotions, and to be less nonverbally active in communication and more sporadic in their use of nonverbal cues. Most studies researching nonverbal communication described women as being more expressively and judgmentally

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A big change was seen in Hong Kong because the wives used to deal with unhappy marriage. Now, Chinese wives have been divorcing their husbands when they feel unhappy with their marriages, and are stable financially. This makes the wife seem more in control of her own life, instead of letting her

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and the severity of her sentencing, particularly among female murderers. "In terms of the social realities of justice in America, the experiences of diverse groups of people in society have contributed to the shaping of the types of criminals and victims that we have had. Like Andersen and Hill

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where users are able to create their own characters. This freedom allows the user to create characters and identities with a different appearance than their own in reality, essentially allowing them to create a new identity, confirming that regardless of actual gender those who are perceived as

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Across all demographics, women are more likely to live in poverty compared to men. This is largely due to the gender wage gap between men and women. Correcting these wage gaps would increase women's salaries from an annual average earning of $ 41,402 to $ 48,326 increasing the income of the U.S

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While online sites that promote and cover female athletes exist, these coverages are primarily only found in "niche" sites, which continues to pose challenges in overcoming the prevailing ideology of hegemonic masculinity deeply rooted in sports. Therefore, despite the growing participation and

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A study of gender stereotypes by Jacobs (1991) found that parents' stereotypes interact with the sex of their child to directly influence the parents' beliefs about the child's abilities. In turn, parents' beliefs about their child directly influence their child's self-perceptions, and both the

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has become an integral part of daily life for nearly everyone, serving as a dominant source of information and communication. Women's presentation on social media is directly influenced, with platforms utilizing metrics like numbers and publicity to endorse certain ideals in posts. Perceptions

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to provide an equal hiring and promotional process, that practice has had limited success. The pay gap between men and women is slowly closing. Women make approximately 21% less than her male counterpart according to the Department of Labor. This number varies by age, race, and other perceived

3496:

They also identified in the second method that the mothers' positive reactions and responses to same-sex or opposite-sex toys played a role in how children identified them. Within the third method the results found that the mothers of the children who passed the "Gender Labeling Test" had more

3393:

gender roles: for example, girls being encouraged to play "house" may promote stereotypically feminine traits, and may promote interpersonal relationships as playing house does not necessarily have fixed rules or objectives; boys tended to play more competitive and adversarial team sports with

14285:

The reason some individuals develop a gay sexual identity has not been definitively established – nor do we yet understand the development of heterosexuality. The American Psychological Association (APA) takes the position that a variety of factors impact a person's sexuality. The most recent

4350:

One major concern of feminism, is that women occupy lower-ranking job positions than men, and do most of the housework. A recent (October 2009) report from the Center for American Progress, "The Shriver Report: A Woman's Nation Changes Everything" tells us that women now make up 48% of the US

3861:

One example of an implicit gender stereotype is that males are seen as better at mathematics than females. It has been found that men have stronger positive associations with mathematics than women, while women have stronger negative associations with mathematics and the more strongly a woman

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found "Around the world, women spend two to ten times more time on unpaid care work than men." In 2020 alone, women provided over $ 689 billion in unpaid labor to the U.S. economy. Lee and Fang found, "Compared with Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, and Asian Americans took more extensive caregiving

3713:

As the belief in gender stereotypes is continuously upheld in society, sporting events have been divided according to how the sport is characterised, which leads to the conceptualisation of male and female sports. Certain traits and sporting events in the sport domain have conventionally been

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By the term, gender role, we mean all those things that a person says or does to disclose himself or herself as having the status of boy or man, girl or woman, respectively. It includes, but is not restricted to sexuality in the sense of eroticism. Gender role is appraised in relation to the

6861:

Eagly, A. H. (2004). Prejudice: Toward a more inclusive understanding. In A. H. Eagly, R. M. Baron, & V. L. Hamilton (Eds.), The social psychology of group identity and social conflict: Theory, application, and practice (pp. 45–64). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association.

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receptive sexual partner, adopted effeminate mannerisms, and perhaps even dressed in women's clothing. This assumption is flawed because homosexual couples tend to have more equal roles, and the effeminate behavior of some gay men is usually not adopted consciously, and is often more subtle.

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for expressing their desire, being more aware of their sexual desire or succumbing to the expectations of their cultures. When feminine people employ tactics to show their sexual desire, they are typically more indirect in nature. On the other hand, it is known masculinity is associated with

3332:

Communication plays a large role in the process in which people become male or female because each gender is taught different linguistic practices. Gender is dictated by society through expectations of behavior and appearances, and then is shared from one person to another, by the process of

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An example of gender stereotypes assumes those of the male gender are more 'tech savvy' and happier working online, however, a study done by Hargittai & Shafer, shows that many women also typically have lower self-perceived abilities when it comes to use of the World Wide Web and online

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A review article of stereotype threat research (2012) relating to the relationship between gender and mathematical abilities concluded "that although stereotype threat may affect some women, the existing state of knowledge does not support the current level of enthusiasm for this mechanism

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Additionally, when voters have little information about a female candidate, they are likely to view her as being a stereotypical woman which they often take as a basis for not electing her because they consider typical male qualities as being crucial for someone holding a political office.

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The brain has limited perceptual and memory systems, so it categorizes information into fewer and simpler units which allows for more efficient information processing. Gender stereotypes appear to have an effect at an early age. In one study, the effects of gender stereotypes on children's

3291:

A study by Richard Bagozzi, Nancy Wong and Youjae Yi, examines the interaction between culture and gender that produces distinct patterns of association between positive and negative emotions. The United States was considered a more 'independence-based culture', while China was considered

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to feminism. The men's rights movement denies that men are privileged relative to women. The movement is divided into two camps: those who consider men and women to be harmed equally by sexism, and those who view society as endorsing the degradation of men and upholding female privilege.

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Elections of increasing numbers of women into office serves as a basis for many scholars to claim that voters are not biased towards a candidate's gender. However, it has been shown that female politicians are perceived as only being superior when it comes to handling women's rights and

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a study on adults and television media has also seen that the more television adults watch, the more likely they are to believe or support the gender roles that are illustrated. The support of the presented gender stereotypes can lead to a negative view of feminism or sexual aggression.

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traditional family values. These two studies, conducted by Beverly I. Fagot, Mar D. Leinbach and Cherie O'Boyle, showed that gender stereotyping and labeling is acquired at a very young age, and that social interactions and associations play a large role in how genders are identified.

12020:

Nosek BA, Smyth FL, Sriram N, Lindner NM, Devos T, Ayala A, BarAnan Y, Bergh R, Cai H, Gonsalkorale K, Kesebir S, Maliszewski N, Neto F, Olli E, Park J, Schnabel K, Shiomura K, Tulbure B, Wiers RW, Somogyi M, Akrami N, Ekehammar B, Vianello M, Banaji MR, Greenwald AG (30 June 2009).

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Gender differences appear to exist in communicating sexual desire, for example, masculine people are generally perceived to be more interested in sex than feminine people, and research suggests that masculine people are more likely than feminine people to express sexual interest.

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societies. However, an attempted verification of this study found "that multiple methodological failures all bias their results in the same direction...their analysis does not contradict the wide body of empirical evidence for gendered divisions of labor in foraging societies".

5749:. There is considerably more evidence supporting nonsocial, biological causes of sexual orientation than social ones, especially for males. There is no substantive evidence which suggests parenting or early childhood experiences play a role with regard to sexual orientation. 3577:

involves the risk of confirming, as self-characteristic, a negative stereotype about one's group. In the case of gender it is the implicit belief in gender stereotype that women perform worse than men in mathematics, which is proposed to lead to lower performance by women.

4119:

on social media platforms can further exacerbate discriminatory recommendations, reflecting the biases of programmers. Overall, social media's influence on gender norms is profound, shaping perceptions, behaviors, and opportunities in both virtual and real-life settings.

2610:-like behavior, were less interested in dolls, and were less likely to make-believe as parents. A number of methodological problems with the studies have been identified. A study on 1950s American teenage girls who had been exposed to androgenic steroids by their mothers 2511:

In recent years, the majority of Money's theories regarding the importance of socialization in the determination of gender have come under intense criticism, especially in connection with the inaccurate reporting of success in the "John/Joan" case, later revealed to be

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and figure skating, males and females don different uniforms in competitions. In the aforementioned sports, female uniforms expose more of their bodies than the male uniforms do despite the lack of evidence that such uniforms would significantly improve their skills.

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privileged relative to women... Having denied that men are privileged relative to women, this movement divides into those who believe that men and women are equally harmed by sexism and those who believe that society has become a bastion of female privilege and male

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are disproportionally affected by the negative influence their gender has on their chances in the labor market. In 2005, women held only 14.7% of Fortune 500 board seats with 79% of them being white and 21% being women of color. This difference is understood through

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occupying management positions is slowly increasing, women currently fill only 2.5% of the higher managerial positions in the United States. The fact that most women are being allocated to occupations that pay less, is often cited as a contributor to the existing

3010:. Men and women are typically associated with certain social roles, dependent upon the personality traits associated with those roles. Traditionally, the role of the homemaker is associated with a woman and the role of a breadwinner is associated with a male. 3264:

According to Professor Lei Chang, gender attitudes within the domains of work and domestic roles, can be measured using a cross-cultural gender role attitudes test. Psychological processes of the East have historically been analysed using Western models (or

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It has been shown that this stereotype also reflects mathematical performance: a study was done on the worldwide scale and it was found that the strength of this mathematics-gender stereotype in varying countries correlates with 8th graders' scores on the

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fewer opportunities for unequal treatment but it seems real-world notions of power and privilege are being duplicated: people who choose to take up different identities (avatars) in the online world are (still) routinely discriminated against, evident in

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compared to men. The study also shows that women are shown much less in work-like settings. This underrepresentation in television advertising is seen in many countries around the world, but is very present in developed countries. In another study in the

2336:(an exaggerated and simplified version of a phenomenon, used for analytical purposes) rather than how they appear in reality. Model A described a total separation of male and female roles, while Model B described the complete dissolution of gender roles. 4392:, in which she states, "Gendered characteristics – typically masculine or feminine behaviors, interests, or values-are not innate, nor are they arbitrary. They are formed by historical circumstances. They can also change with historical circumstances." 2461:

other hand, define relatively overlapping social roles for the sexes, in which, in particular, men need not be ambitious or competitive but may go for a different quality of life than material success; men may respect whatever is small, weak, and slow.

13346:

Shuttleworth, Sally. "Female Circulation: Medical Discourse and Popular Advertising in the Mid-Victorian Era." Body/Politics: Women and the Discourses of Science. Eds. Mary Jacobus, Evelyn Fox Keller and Sally Shuttleworth. New York: Routledge, 1990.

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divided this into two different studies; the first investigated how children identified the differences between gender labels of boys and girls, the second study looked at both gender labeling and stereotyping in the relationship of mother and child.

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show about transgender youth", said RuPaul. "It was obvious that we, as a culture, have a hard time trying to understand the difference between a drag queen, transsexual, and a transgender, yet we find it very easy to know the difference between the

4384:

the public sphere whereas, the female's duty was to be a homemaker, take care of her husband and children, and occupy the private sphere. According to contemporary gender role ideology, gender roles are continuously changing. This can be seen in

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Michigan. The fundamental goals of the research were to show that "gender differences in emotions are adaptive for the differing roles that males and females play in the culture". The evidence for differences in gender role was found during the

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evolutionary and led to the establishment of traditional gender roles, with women in the domestic sphere and men dominant in every other area. However, this view pre-assumes a view of nature that is contradicted by the fact that women engage in

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of female beauty. The emphasis on body image on social media platforms fosters daily comparisons and exposes individuals to sexualized media, increasing self-image insecurity. Furthermore, social media has also contributed to the spread of

3746:

The depiction of female athletes and women's sport in the media also tends to vary in terms of tone, production quality in a manner that minimises their efforts and performance. One prevalent practice in sport media coverage is the use of

3164:

dynamic structures are changing, and the number of single-mother or single-father households is increasing. Fathers are also becoming more involved with raising their children, instead of the responsibility resting solely with the mother.

2274:, gender role theory "treats these differing distributions of women and men into roles as the primary origin of sex-differentiated social behavior, their impact on behavior is mediated by psychological and social processes." According to 2079:

The specifics regarding these gendered expectations may vary among cultures, while other characteristics may be common throughout a range of cultures. In addition, gender roles (and perceived gender roles) vary based on a person's race or

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that a majority of the females believed that certain sports are better suited for girls than for boys. Hence, they inferred that females do not prefer the idea of males, known to be strong and masculine, participating in feminine sports.

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favor of mothers as the default caregiver. They therefore are systemically discriminatory against males regardless of their actual caregiving ability, because males are typically seen as the bread-winner, and females as the care-giver.

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have also used the term "horizontal oppressions" to describe this phenomenon. It has also been suggested that women of color in addition to the glass ceiling, face a "concrete wall" or a "sticky floor" to better visualize the barriers.

3631:

A study in 2001 found that if a woman does act according to female stereotypes, she is likely to receive backlash for not being competent enough; if she does not act according to the stereotypes connected to her gender and behaves more

5779:

Cohabitating same-sex partners are typically egalitarian when they assign domestic chores. Sometimes these couples assign traditional female responsibilities to one partner and traditional male responsibilities to the other. Same-sex

3340:

As found by Cara Tigue (McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada) the importance of powerful vocal delivery for women in leadership could not be underestimated, as famously described in accounts of Margaret Thatcher's years in power.

2557:

Historically, gender roles have been largely attributed to biological differences in men and women. Although research indicates that biology plays a role in gendered behavior, the extent of its effects on gender roles is less clear.

4132:

In the journal article written by Elizabeth Behm-Morawitz video games have been guilty of using sexualised female characters, who wear revealing clothing with an 'ideal' figure. It has been shown, female gamers can experience lower

4129:

navigation skills. Because this stereotype is so well known many women assume they lack such technical skills when in reality, the gap in technological skill level between men and women is significantly less than many women assume.

3503:, in the 1920s, made the point: "It is obvious that the values of women differ very often from the values which have been made by the other sex. Yet it is the masculine values that prevail", remade sixty years later by psychologist 3378:, there are distinct communication 'cultures' for women and men in the US. She believes that in addition to female and male communication cultures, there are also specific communication cultures for African Americans, older people, 3865:

These associations have been disputed for their biological connection to gender and have been attributed to social forces that perpetuate stereotypes such as aforementioned stereotype that men are better at mathematics than women.

3651:

Consequently, that gender stereotype filter leads to a lack of fair evaluation and, in turn, to fewer women occupying higher paying positions. Gender stereotypes contain women at certain, lower levels; getting trapped within the

4104:. However, gender disparities persist, with male influencers generally outperforming their female counterparts. Additionally, media contents across various platforms perpetuate gender stereotypes, with women often portrayed in 7892:

Encouraging one's daughter to pursue a career in medicine is no longer an unusual idea... Americans are now more likely to report that they feel comfortable recommending a career in medicine for a young woman than for a young

3017:

The numbers also vary between countries. For example, China has many more young men than young women, and this disparity is expected to increase. In regions with recent conflict, such as Chechnya, women greatly outnumber men.

4347:". The "mystique" was derived from women equipped with the knowledge, skills, and aspirations of the workforce, the "public sphere", who felt compelled whether socially or morally to devote themselves to the home and family. 3541:, demonstrated the gender stereotype that mathematics is a 'boy's subject'. This may show that the mathematical self-belief is influenced before the age in which there are discernible differences in mathematical achievement. 3357:

McQuiston and Morris also noted a major difference in men and women's nonverbal communication. They found that men tend to show body language linked to dominance, like eye contact and interpersonal distance, more than women.

5800:

Conversely, heterosexual men and women who are not perceived as being sufficiently masculine or feminine, respectively, may be assumed to be, or suspected to be, homosexual, and persecuted for their perceived homosexuality.

7993:

Hackman, J.R. (1992). "Group influences on individuals in organizations". In M.D. Dunnette & L.M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 3). Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press,

14529:. Retrieved 27 December 2014. "In a culture of homophobia (an irrational fear of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people), GLBT people often face a heightened risk of violence specific to their sexual identities." 3718:

for the satisfaction of others and to measure their looks against the prevailing feminine standard. The devaluation of female athleticism due their bodies can be seen in the sport uniforms, where in some sports, such as

3382:, gay men, lesbians, and people with disabilities. According to Wood, it is generally thought that biological sex is behind the distinct ways of communicating, but in her opinion the root of these differences is gender. 3697:

attributes of hiring agents. A proposed step towards solving the problem of the gender pay gap and the unequal work opportunities is the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment which would constitutionally guarantee

2891:

to a certain extent, such as by covering their hair. (Women visiting from other countries sometimes object to this norm and sometimes decide to comply on pragmatic grounds, in the interest of their own safety , such as

2666:, responders were asked if they thought that wage work should be restricted to only men in the case of shortage in jobs: in Iceland the proportion that agreed with the proposition was 3.6%; while in Egypt it was 94.9%. 2307:, contends that being female is not "natural" and that it appears natural only through repeated performances of gender; these performances, in turn, reproduce and define the traditional categories of sex and/or gender. 4075:

plays a significant role in this, particularly affecting the mental health of young women and men who internalize beauty standards portrayed online, leading to dissatisfaction and harassment. A survey conducted by the

2758:

can vary considerably today (as they have varied historically since the first century church). This is especially true in marriage and in formal ministry positions within certain Christian denominations, churches, and

5785:

observed the daily home lives of 52 gay and lesbian couples and found that the length of the work week and level of earning power substantially affected the assignment of housework, regardless of gender or sexuality.

4251:

often still perceived as a masculine trait. Therefore, female candidates are running based on gender-opposing stereotypes because that predicts higher likelihood of success than appearing to be a stereotypical woman.

4161:

Despite the growing number of women who partake in online communities, and the anonymous space provided by the Internet, issues such as gender inequality, the issue has simply been transplanted into the online world.

3406:

is linked to emotions and communicative expression. Communication is central in expressing sexual desire and "complicated emotional states", and is also the "mechanism for negotiating the relationship implications of

3920:. Girls feel pressured and stressed to achieve a particular appearance, and there have been negative consequences for the young girls if they fail to achieve this look. These consequences have ranged from anxiety to 3507:

who used it to show that psychological tests of maturity have generally been based on masculine parameters, and so tended to show that women were less 'mature'. Gilligan countered this in her ground-breaking work,

5796:

from homophobic persecution who have been turned away by US customs for "not being gay enough"; not conforming sufficiently to standard (Western) conceptions of the gender roles occupied by gays and lesbians.

3174:

allows gender roles to become less distinct and according to Donnalyn Pompper, is the reason "men no longer own breadwinning identities and, like women, their bodies are objectified in mass media images." The

3005:

In the U.S., marriage roles are generally decided based on gender. For approximately the past seven decades, heterosexual marriage roles have been defined for men and women based on society's expectations and

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Metts, S., Sprecher, S., & Regan, P. C. (1998). Communication and sexual desire. In P. A. Andersen & L. K. Guerrero (Eds.) Handbook of communication and emotion. (pp. 354–377). San Diego: Academic

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Ballinger, A. (1996.) The Guilt of the Innocent and the Innocence of the Guilty: The Cases of Marie Fahmy and Ruth Ellis. In Wight, S. & Myers, A. (Eds.) No Angels: Women Who Commit Violence. London:

4115:, while men are associated with gaming and knowledge. On an economic aspect, social media is driven by gendered advertisements and commercials, often reinforcing stereotypical representations of gender. 2288:

According to Eagly et al., the consequences of gender roles and stereotypes are sex-typed social behavior because roles and stereotypes are both socially-shared descriptive norms and prescriptive norms.

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Hindu deities are more ambiguously gendered than the deities of other world religions. This informs female and males relations, and informs how the differences between males and females are understood.

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countries are centered on the importance of the family unit, which is viewed as the basis of a balanced and healthy society. Islamic views on gender roles and family are traditionally conservative.

9351:

Maltz, D., & Borker, R. (1982). A cultural approach to male-female miscommunication. In J. Gumperz (Ed.), Language and social identity (pp. 196–216). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

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outstanding athletic achievements of girls and women, female athletes and women's sports still have a long way to go in achieving equal treatment and fair representation in sports media coverage.

4330:

However, after the war, men returned home to the United States and women, again, saw a shift in social and professional dynamics. With the reuniting of the nuclear family, the ideals of American

4150:

In contrast to the traditional stereotype that gamers are mostly male, a study in 2014 of U.K. residents showed that 52% of the gaming audience was made up of women. The study counted players of

2794:

denominations are beginning to relax their longstanding constraints on ordaining women to be ministers, though some large groups are tightening their constraints in reaction. Many subsets of the

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The same test found that the strength of a Singaporean child's mathematics-gender stereotype and gender identity predicted the child's association between individuals and mathematical ability.

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How gender roles are honored is largely cultural. While some cultures encourage men and women to take on the same roles, others promote a more traditional, less dominant role for the women.

14327:

No conclusive evidence supports any one specific cause of homosexuality; however, most researchers agree that biological and social factors influence the development of sexual orientation.

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aggressive behavior in almost all mammals, and most likely explains at least part of the fact that masculine people are more likely to express their sexual interest. This is known as the

2669:

Attitudes have also varied historically. For example, in Europe, during the Middle Ages, women were commonly associated with roles related to medicine and healing. Because of the rise of

2489:

orientation'." "Money and his colleagues used their own studies to state in the extreme what these days seems extraordinary for its complete denial of the notion of natural inclination."

990: 11408:

Billings AC, Angelini JR (2007). "Communication Quarterly: Packaging the games for viewer consumption: Gender, ethnicity, and nationality in NBC's coverage of the 2004 Summer Olympics".

3269:) that have been translated, which potentially, is a more far-reaching process than linguistic translation. Some North American instruments for assessing gender role attitudes include: 16320: 15158: 4507:

heads a commission focused on the creation of a "White House Council on Boys and Men" as a counterpart to the "White House Council on Women and Girls" which was formed in March 2009.

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across Europe and the institutionalization of medicine, these roles became exclusively associated with men. In the last few decades, these roles have become largely gender-neutral in

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stated that homosexual communities are generally more tolerant of switching gender roles. For instance, someone with a masculine voice, a five o'clock shadow (or a fuller beard), an

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the US, public opinion in general appears to show a substantial bias toward favoring a mother as a care-taker versus a father, regardless of any shift in actual roles each plays.

13432: 9371:

Baumeister R, Catanese K, Vohs K (2001). "Is there a gender difference in strength of sex drive? Theoretical views, conceptual distinctions, and a review of relevant evidence".

7969: 2060:, is a set of socially accepted behaviors and attitudes deemed appropriate or desirable for individuals based on their sex. Gender roles are usually centered on conceptions of 4443:

in the early-1970s. The men's rights movement is made up of a variety of groups and individuals who are concerned about what they consider to be issues of male disadvantage,

2508:

which he defined in a seminal 1955 paper as "all those things that a person says or does to disclose himself or herself as having the status of boy or man, girl or woman."

14731:

Morgan, D. (2006) Not gay enough for the government: Racial and sexual stereotypes in sexual orientation asylum cases. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Legal Issues

2614:

exhibited more traditionally masculine behavior, such as being more concerned about their future career than marriage, wearing pants, and not being interested in jewelry.

2195:

and cisgender women have historically been treated as relevant in certain contexts, especially those where biological traits may yield an unfair advantage, such as sport.

11723: 5230: 3880:, a standardized math and science achievement test that is given worldwide. The results were controlled for general gender inequality and yet were still significant. 14479: 8845: 4351:

workforce and "mothers are breadwinners or co-breadwinners in a majority of families" (63.3%, see figure 2, page 19 of the Executive Summary of The Shriver Report).

11598: 9451:

Perot, Byrne Murnen SK, Perot A, Byrne D (1989). "Coping with unwanted sexual activity: Normative responses, situational determinants, and individual differences".

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Cmdr. Adrienne Simmons speaking at the 2008 ceremony for the only women's mosque in Khost City, a symbol of progress for growing women's rights in the Pashtun belt

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found that women are more likely to have multiple social media accounts, making them more likely to internalize their body image and be influenced by the cultural

2720:

Different religious and cultural groups within one country may have different norms that they attempt to "police" within their own groups, including gender norms.

1496: 9206:"Gender Differences in Communication." Intercultural Communication: A Global Reader. Ed. Fred E. Jandt. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2004. 221–29. Print. 4010: 16276: 6771:

London's Sapphists: From Three Sexes to Four Genders in the Making of Modern Culture. In Third Sex, Third Gender: Beyond Sexual Dimorphism in Culture and History

12614:

Behm-Morawitz E, Mastro D (1 December 2009). "The Effects of the Sexualization of Female Video Game Characters on Gender Stereotyping and Female Self-Concept".

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gender role - patterns of behavior, attitudes, and personality attributes that are traditionally considered in a particular culture to be feminine or masculine.

19804: 15479: 15163: 13381:

All these cases of perceived discrimination make up the men's rights view that men are considered, by government and society, to be more expendable than women.

9656: 4316: 2469:'The dominant values in a masculine society are achievement and success; the dominant values in a feminine society are caring for others and quality of life'. 522: 8511:

Lucier-Greer M, Adler-Baeder F (2016). "Gender role attitude malleability in the context of divorce and remarriage: A longitudinal growth curve perspective".

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Dietz TL (March 1998). "An Examination of Violence and Gender Role Portrayals in Video Games: Implications for Gender Socialization and Aggressive Behavior".

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Cahill, S. E. (1986) Language practices and self definition: The case of gender identity acquisition. The Sociological Quarterly vol. 27, issue 3, pp 295–311

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Dill KE, Thill KP (December 2007). "Video Game Characters and the Socialization of Gender Roles: Young People's Perceptions Mirror Sexist Media Depictions".

6759:

Eagly, A.H. (1997). Sex differences in social behavior: Comparing social role theory and evolutionary psychology. American Psychologist, December 1380–1383.

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are the unconscious influence of attitudes a person may or may not even be aware that he or she holds. Gender stereotypes can also be held in this manner.

12385:

Aubrey JS, Harrison K (May 2004). "The Gender-Role Content of Children's Favorite Television Programs and Its Links to Their Gender-Related Perceptions".

4600:"People who were assigned a sex, usually at birth and based on their genitals, but who feel that this is a false or incomplete description of themselves." 20012: 13874: 8237:

Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam, ed. India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 69.

2829:, founders of religious orders, military leaders, monarchs and martyrs, evidencing the variety of roles played by women within the life of Christianity. 738: 7555: 3537:

mathematical abilities were tested. In this study of American children between the ages of six and ten, it was found that the children, as early as the

2132:

encompassing a range of behaviors and attitudes that are generally considered acceptable, appropriate, or desirable for a person based on that person's

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accurate in nonverbal communication when it was linked to emotional expression; other nonverbal expressions were similar or the same for both genders.

2207:, which refers to the internal sense of one's own gender, whether or not it aligns with categories offered by societal norms. The point at which these 13895: 13716: 10152:

Gorman EH (August 2005). "Gender Stereotypes, Same-Gender Preferences, and Organizational Variation in the Hiring of Women: Evidence from Law Firms".

3648:, as it would prohibit gender-based discrimination regardless of if a woman is acting according to female gender stereotypes, or in defiance of them. 2687:, wearing a woman's dress and high heels, carrying a purse would most likely draw ridicule or other unfriendly attention in ordinary social contexts. 21153: 20536: 17981: 12119: 1907: 1270: 13800: 19963: 17480: 13007: 12711: 11841:"Immigration Politics and Policymaking in the USA (2017–2021): Examining the Effect of Geopolitics on Public Attitude Towards Immigration Policies" 7580: 5745:, and do not view it as a choice. Although no single theory on the cause of sexual orientation has yet gained widespread support, scientists favor 3320: 2039: 689: 3529:

Gender stereotypes are extremely common in society. One of the reasons this may be is simply because it is easier on the brain to stereotype (see

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Hall, J. A. (1990). Nonverbal sex differences: Accuracy of communication and expressive style. Baltimore, MD, US: Johns Hopkins University Press.

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This page contains current numbers of women officeholders serving in 2017 with links on the right to basic fact sheets for each level of office.

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Transitioning can be made much more difficult by persistent misconceptions, including the myth that transgender people belong to a third gender.

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Ideas of appropriate gendered behavior vary among cultures and era, although some aspects receive more widespread attention than others. In the

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heterosexual marriage. Roles traditionally distributed according to biological sex are increasingly negotiated by spouses on an equal footing.

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meeting seemed an extraordinary feature of the Religious Society of Friends, worth recording for a wider public. Engraving by Bernard Picart,

2191:

Many transgender people identify simply as men or women, and do not constitute a separate third gender. Biological differences between (some)

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Throughout the 20th century, women in the United States saw a dramatic shift in social and professional aspirations and norms. Following the

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propagated through social media significantly shape real-life thinking and opinions regarding gender. According to professor Brook Duffy at

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A number of studies conducted since the mid-90s have found direct correlation between a female criminal's ability to conform to gender role

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argues that "gendered interactions, structure, and cultural meanings are intertwined, in both mutually reinforcing and contradictory ways."

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Gender communication is viewed as a form of intercultural communication; and gender is both an influence on and a product of communication.

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individuals, who, Money realized, 'would provide invaluable material for the comparative study for bodily form and physiology, rearing, and

20541: 16137: 13841: 11898: 9924: 9863: 9613: 5917: 5158: 4681: 3771: 3324: 2825:", i.e. "Mother of God". Women prominent in Christianity have included contemporaries of Jesus, subsequent theologians, abbesses, mystics, 2394:

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Housekeeping and child care are the primary functions of the woman; participation of the man in these functions is only partially wanted.

20511: 20105: 19637: 10012: 5772:. Gender identity and sexual orientation are two separate aspects of individual identity, although they are often mistaken in the media. 5460: 3644:. This puts women in the workforce in a precarious, "double bind" situation. A proposed step to protect women is the ratification of the 1245: 831: 347: 14540: 10925:"The influence of sex stereotypes and gender roles on participation and performance in sport and exercise: review and future directions" 19789: 15472: 15321: 14572: 10077: 9416:

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who is highly revered throughout Christianity, particularly in the Catholic and Orthodox churches where she is considered the "

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13775: 11716: 10632: 9606:"A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition" 2962:, which prominently features female and androgynous deities, some gender transgression is allowed. This group is known as the 21282: 19863: 19794: 19522: 18717: 18637: 18612: 18491: 18371: 17974: 17774: 17245: 17058: 15465: 15446: 14914: 14873: 14674: 14463: 14436: 14354: 14313: 14271: 14039: 13914: 13685: 13624: 13603: 13580: 13559: 13509: 13475: 13458:

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For women, career is just as important as for men; equal professional opportunities for men and women are necessary.

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2278:, gender roles arose from correspondent inference, meaning that general labor division was extended to gender roles. 895: 726: 188: 166: 16748: 10565:

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In some Muslim-majority countries, even non-Muslim women are expected to follow Muslim female gender norms and

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The results of these studies showed the same as the first study with regards to labeling and stereotyping.

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sports. This is evident from the number of females participating in sport has increasing in recent years.

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with 118 single men per 100 single women in their 20s, versus 33 single men to 100 single women over 65.

2740: 2735: 2397:

Neither partner dominates; solutions do not always follow the principle of finding a concerted decision;

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Co-educative schools, same content of classes for girls and boys, same qualification for men and women.

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Gender roles, therefore, are the expected attitudes and behaviors a society associates with each sex.

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like #loveyourself and #allbodiesarebeautiful have sparked movements to challenge these standards.

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of these tests showed that children under three years could make gender-stereotypic associations.

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when in public. In some Muslim countries, these differences are sometimes even codified in law.

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gender roles that have been passed down traditionally can influence stereotypes about gender.

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did not automatically determine a child's gender role. Among the many terms Money coined was

1922: 1882: 1815: 1704: 1652: 1571: 1322: 1086: 985: 960: 955: 935: 930: 925: 865: 813: 773: 679: 649: 539: 141: 14863: 13263: 11952: 6734: 6092: 4064:, yet women's voices are often underrepresented and carry less weight in the public sphere. 2926:

The Qur'an prescribes that the status of a woman should be nearly as high as that of a man.

21352: 21347: 21039: 20573: 20447: 20274: 20154: 20112: 20062: 20037: 19853: 19816: 19552: 19414: 19192: 18999: 18984: 18952: 18939: 18800: 18712: 18580: 18547: 18522: 18376: 18340: 18234: 18204: 18023: 17744: 17699: 17669: 17652: 17642: 17490: 17410: 17398: 17334: 17307: 17189: 17108: 17088: 17038: 16891: 16607: 16555: 16244: 16227: 16217: 16102: 16077: 15797: 15205: 15185: 15020: 14216: 14115:"The Association of Sexual Orientation Measures With Young Adults' Health-Related Outcomes" 14011: 13969: 12533: 12036: 11762: 11627: 11110: 10131: 9804: 9575: 9229: 9034: 8031: 7607: 7153: 6901: 6014: 5887: 5060: 4561:, a transgender activist at a demonstration for transgender people in Paris, 1 October 2005 4475: 4176: 3848: 3678: 3510: 3486:

The third study used a series of questionnaires such as an "Attitude Toward Women Scale", "

3424: 3176: 2877: 2623: 2234: 2172:), others recognize more. Some non-Western societies have three genders: men, women, and a 2149: 2147:, the process whereby an individual learns and acquires a gender role in society is termed 2137: 1793: 1307: 1181: 1000: 880: 838: 788: 763: 571: 534: 262: 116: 4154:

as part of the gaming audience, but still found that 56% of female gamers had played on a

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approach, gender roles are not fixed but are constantly renegotiated between individuals.

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Gender-specific education; high professional qualification is important only for the man.

8: 21215: 21076: 20711: 20613: 20593: 20382: 20290: 20244: 20224: 20189: 20082: 19877: 19682: 19259: 19024: 18809: 18727: 18268: 18212: 18139: 17562: 17552: 17522: 17510: 17505: 17415: 17371: 17366: 17361: 17083: 17018: 16998: 16931: 16874: 16804: 16639: 16612: 16585: 16469: 16412: 16287: 16239: 16222: 16202: 15585: 15398: 15200: 15190: 15111: 14368:

Most health and mental health organizations do not view sexual orientation as a 'choice.'

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Wood, J (2010) Gendered lives: Communication, gender and culture. Cengage Learning. p. 37

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Male 'Providers' and Female 'Housewives': A Gendered Co-Performance in Rural North India.

8166: 8074: 8070: 7845: 7404: 7290: 6505:"9 questions about gender identity and being transgender you were too embarrassed to ask" 5907: 5671: 5411: 5033: 5003: 4483:

abolition of the National Commission for Women. In the United Kingdom, the creation of a

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This particular stereotype has been found in American children as early as second grade.

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parents' stereotypes and the child's self-perceptions influence the child's performance.

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In a later study, Deaux and her colleagues (1984) found that most people think women are

3316: 3221: 2915: 2715: 2662: 2144: 2099: 1969: 1830: 1451: 1347: 1327: 1116: 1024: 970: 950: 915: 808: 595: 392: 20: 14809:"Class, Race, and Gender in Criminology and Criminal Justice: Ways of Seeing Difference" 14594:

West, D.J. Homosexuality re-examined. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1977.

13592:"Virtual Backlash: Representation of Men's "Rights" and Feminist "Wrongs" in Cyberspace" 12509: 12474: 12040: 11270:"Female representation in feature articles published by Sports Illustrated in the 1990s" 11114: 9808: 9233: 9038: 7878:

The changing face of medicine: women doctors and the evolution of health care in America

7787: 7770: 7611: 6018: 20988: 20983: 20973: 20921: 20911: 20886: 20828: 20786: 20696: 20691: 20686: 20598: 19889: 19217: 19060: 19050: 19019: 18814: 18762: 18672: 18622: 18481: 18440: 18356: 18263: 18243: 18097: 18075: 18070: 17749: 17739: 17729: 17714: 17709: 17694: 17647: 17627: 17602: 17567: 17557: 17537: 17351: 17277: 17230: 17205: 17179: 17043: 16869: 16706: 16627: 16270: 15975: 15854: 15732: 15180: 14789: 14647: 14187: 14139: 14114: 14057: 13836: 13651: 13310: 13162: 13127: 13092: 13038: 12989: 12949: 12914: 12819: 12753: 12666: 12631: 12561: 12402: 12367: 12319: 12294: 12111: 12059: 12022: 11933: 11873: 11663: 11529: 11448: 11390: 11351: 11250: 11208: 11126: 11060: 11006: 10971: 10804: 10720: 10681: 10595: 10591: 10503: 10326: 10239: 10204: 10169: 10102: 10050: 10003: 9949: 9725: 9648: 9433: 9398: 9253: 9241: 9113: 9000: 8939: 8768: 8695: 8660: 8598: 8563: 8528: 8493: 8436: 8336: 8280: 8134: 8109: 7959:"Gay and Transgender People Face High Rates of Workplace Discrimination and Harassment" 7650: 7619: 7358: 7132: 6967: 6819: 6678: 6643: 6624: 6589: 6332: 6297: 6262: 6045: 6002: 5922: 5631: 5517: 5245: 4766: 4671: 4628: 4574: 4528:

is the movement to end discrimination of gender altogether in society through means of

4471:, social safety nets, and health policies) that they believe discriminate against men. 4447:

and oppression. The movement focuses on issues in numerous areas of society (including

4396: 4371: 4223: 4158:. However, only 12% of game designers in Britain and 3% of all programmers were women. 4155: 4057: 3689:

on gender through legal means, leading to equality and major economic redistributions.

3641: 3586: 2963: 1734: 1729: 1719: 1667: 1657: 1632: 1566: 1524: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1332: 607: 11587:"Unpaid Care work: The missing link in the analysis of gender gaps in labour outcomes" 10700: 9816: 7938:

Halberstam, Judith, Female Masculinity, Duke University Press, Durham and London, 1998

5963: 3490:", and "Schaefer and Edgerton Scale" which looked at the family values of the mother. 3098:

Men and women in non-traditional gendered occupations clockwise from top left: a male

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Browne I, Misra J (2003). "The Intersection of Gender and Race in the Labor Market".

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London's Sapphists: From Three Sexes to Four Genders in the Making of Modern Culture.

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Despite the increasing participation and remarkable achievements of female athletes,

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looked at ten-minute play sessions with mother and child using gender-specific toys.

3127: 2860: 2842: 2570: 2136:. Sociologists tend to use the term "gender role" instead of "sex role", because the 2115: 2073: 2001: 1912: 1840: 1825: 1608: 1551: 1352: 1260: 1151: 1071: 900: 171: 14210:

Frankowski BL, American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Adolescence (June 2004).

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Contemporary perspectives on masculinity: Men, women, and politics in modern society

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Many leadership roles in the organized church have been restricted to males. In the

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Gender roles are culturally specific, and while most cultures distinguish only two (

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communication. Gender does not create communication, communication creates gender.

3233: 3115: 3007: 2771: 2747: 1964: 1949: 1877: 1798: 1768: 1583: 1421: 1121: 669: 664: 502: 387: 18381: 16819: 13490:"Men's Collective Struggles for Gender Justice: The Case of Antiviolence Activism" 13206: 11428: 9193:

DeFrancisco, Victoria L., Catherine Helen Palczewski, and Danielle Dick McGeough.

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Another hypothesis attributes differences in gender roles to prenatal exposure to

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From approximately 1700 through 1900, women served as soldiers for the kingdom of

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A 1992 study tested gender stereotypes and labeling within young children in the

3408: 3171: 3131: 2952: 2810: 2699: 2684: 2619: 2579: 2566: 2389: 2325: 2203: 1979: 1887: 1783: 1724: 1576: 1561: 1541: 1506: 1215: 1126: 1061: 843: 793: 566: 412: 11041:"Media image: Sport, gender, and national identities in five European countries" 10956:"Age and gender differences in young people's perceptions of sport participants" 9394: 9109: 8815:"Rise in stay-at-home fathers fuelled by growing numbers of female breadwinners" 8407: 8263:

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their language, causing them to be more developed in nonverbal communication.

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Rotman DL (2006). "Separate Spheres? Beyond the Dichotomies of Domesticity".

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Scholars consider the men's rights movement or parts of the movement to be a

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understanding of gender is distinguished from biological conceptions of sex.

1986: 1593: 1529: 1514: 1372: 1337: 1317: 1188: 1131: 1066: 434: 337: 21303:"Beyond Gender Choice: Mass Effect's varied inclusiveness – Gamecritics.com" 14230: 12271: 12216: 12137: 12049: 11148: 10784: 10312: 10200: 9557: 9429: 9156: 5180: 21066: 20953: 20781: 20748: 20728: 20658: 20648: 20628: 20608: 20239: 20132: 20127: 19858: 19833: 19692: 19632: 19597: 19567: 19034: 18335: 18312: 17292: 17194: 17133: 17068: 17063: 17023: 16973: 16738: 16716: 16575: 16570: 16496: 16462: 16057: 16047: 15955: 15767: 15669: 15644: 15600: 15210: 14949:. A short summary of international treaties concerning gender stereotyping. 14808: 14411: 14259:

Marriages, Families, and Relationships: Making Choices in a Diverse Society

14239: 14183: 14148: 14049: 12894: 12518: 12491: 12363: 12328: 12068: 12006: 11929: 11882: 11659: 11370: 11331: 11301:"Masculine hegemonic hoops: An analysis of media coverage of March Madness" 10923:

Chalabaev A, Sarrazin P, Fontayne P, Boiché J, Clément-Guillotin C (2013).

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Doing Gender, Doing Difference: Inequality, Power, and Institutional Change

6687: 6054: 5765: 5761: 5757: 5692: 5651: 5507: 5465: 5303: 5185: 5126: 4804: 4777: 4578: 4570: 4456: 4358: 4335: 4184: 4052: 3776: 3538: 3419: 3194: 3111: 3103: 2897: 2873: 2525: 2513: 2486: 2173: 2069: 1820: 1699: 1519: 1486: 1466: 1392: 1382: 1362: 1342: 965: 858: 853: 576: 551: 402: 342: 307: 277: 17959: 15980: 15727: 15617: 13214: 12712:"52% of gamers are women – but the industry doesn't know it | Meg Jayanth" 11285: 10839:"Gender ideologies, youth sports, and the production of soft essentialism" 10321: 9945: 7556:"The Theory That Men Evolved to Hunt and Women Evolved to Gather Is Wrong" 7298: 5175: 4226:. In contrast to social conservatives, their views are more influenced by 2257:, gendered behavior is mostly due to social conventions. Theories such as 20968: 20928: 20896: 20763: 20563: 20476: 20427: 20402: 20302: 19985: 19714: 19697: 19652: 19572: 19173: 19085: 19029: 18652: 18351: 18170: 16565: 16474: 15867: 15762: 15722: 15634: 15612: 15595: 15545: 15060: 14612:"GLAAD Media Reference Guide, 8th Edition. Transgender Glossary of Terms" 13680:(Reissued 2nd. ed.). Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. p. 11. 12217:"Performing Gender: A Content Analysis of Gender Display in Music Videos" 11954:

Myths Of Gender: Biological Theories About Women And Men, Revised Edition

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This may be greatly affected by masculine people being less inhibited by

3080: 2888: 2799: 2795: 2501: 2271: 2192: 2185: 2129: 2061: 1714: 1674: 1642: 1501: 1297: 1210: 1161: 1136: 1036: 711: 424: 407: 362: 282: 15777: 12757: 12737: 11429:"What's the gendered story? Vancouver's prime time Olympic glory on NBC" 11269: 10908: 10891: 10471: 10454: 7429: 21242: 21237: 21118: 21113: 21009: 20993: 20850: 20743: 20701: 20663: 20471: 20459: 20432: 20422: 20342: 19741: 19736: 19707: 19642: 19491: 19120: 19115: 18832: 18567: 18107: 17220: 16978: 16006: 15898: 15862: 15812: 15742: 15717: 15654: 14651: 14005:"Stroud District Council "Gender Equality SCHEME AND ACTION PLAN 2007"" 13634:

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All housework is done by both parties to the marriage in equal shares.

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Ferrant, Gaelle; Pesando, Luca Maria: Nowacka, Keiko (December 2014).

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that adolescent girls have been affected by the stereotypical view of

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movements have embraced the ordination of women since their founding.

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One example of the contemporary definition of gender was depicted in

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allowing women to vote, and in combination with conflicts in Europe,

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of the late-nineteenth century, which resulted in the passage of the

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Gay, Straight, and the Reason Why: The Science of Sexual Orientation

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In 2018, Jolien A. van Breen and colleagues conducted research into

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structured, predetermined goals and a range of confined strategies.

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male or female must understand the differences between each gender.

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has sometimes also been proposed as a third gender. An androgyne or

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Donato KM, Wakabayashi C, Hakimzadeh S, Armenta A (November 2008).

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criminal behavior". By contrast, some research indicates that both

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It branched off from the 4287:Feminism and women's rights 3821:Implicit gender stereotypes 3402:Metts, et al. explain that 2932: 2736:Christian views on marriage 2709: 2338: 1851:Medical model of disability 1695:Hate speech laws by country 10: 21379: 21358:Gender-related stereotypes 21206:Social model of disability 19658:Discrimination against men 19278:Evolutionary psychologists 19151:Trivers–Willard hypothesis 19066:Human–animal communication 18778:Ovulatory shift hypothesis 18628:Imprinted brain hypothesis 18596:Human–computer interaction 16043:Androphilia and gynephilia 15409:God and gender in Hinduism 15312:Gender Empowerment Measure 14955:by the Pew Research Center 14832:Annual Review of Sociology 13446:(2): 39–52. Archived from 13089:10.1177/106591299304600304 12447:EAVI (22 September 2021). 12399:10.1207/s1532785xmep0602_1 12195:Bureau of Labor Statistics 12108:10.1177/089124300014006004 11999:10.1016/j.jecp.2013.07.018 11857:10.1007/s12134-022-01004-6 11547:Cranford CJ (March 2012). 11466:Kuttner R (25 June 1989). 11305:Sociology of Sport Journal 11205:10.1177/089124393007001007 11057:10.1177/101269020203700306 11003:10.1177/019372394018001004 10843:Sociology of Sport Journal 10678:10.1177/000312240406900401 10523:Annual Review of Sociology 10286:10.1037/0022-3514.36.7.778 10166:10.1177/000312240507000408 9938:10.1037/0022-3514.69.5.797 9906:10.1037/0022-0663.83.4.518 9877:10.1037/0022-3514.46.5.991 9637:10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.878 9530:10.1037/0012-1649.28.2.225 7102:10.1163/156913202317346728 6661:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1105234 6070:Sex Roles and Gender Roles 5938:Sex and gender distinction 5808: 5417:Grooming conspiracy theory 5354:Mixed-orientation marriage 5284:LGBT medical organizations 4675: 4669: 4543: 4518: 4487:analogous to the existing 4417: 4411: 4369:Another recent article in 4361:along with other Parisian 4296: 4290: 4166:Politics and gender issues 3824: 3443: 3439: 3314: 3198: 3160:more than their husbands. 3008:the influence of the media 2973: 2939:God and gender in Hinduism 2936: 2858: 2852: 2733: 2727: 2713: 2652:. The wife is holding the 2636: 2538: 2523: 2245:boys, would be considered 2222: 2113: 1960:Social model of disability 368:Discrimination against men 18: 21263: 21002: 20879: 20672: 20559:Opposition to immigration 20283: 19913: 19750: 19510: 19460:Race / Ethnicity 19397: 19366: 19272: 19198:Environmental determinism 19169:Cultural selection theory 19161: 19056:Evolutionary epistemology 19043: 18970:evolutionary neuroscience 18932: 18925: 18823: 18698: 18643:Rank theory of depression 18566: 18490: 18392: 18198: 18191: 18145:Parent–offspring conflict 18054: 17997: 17915: 17855: 17794: 17787: 17466: 17171: 16917:Female genital mutilation 16855: 16788: 16685: 16405: 16394: 16321:Majority-Muslim countries 16286: 16253: 16210: 16201: 16095: 16025: 15989: 15886: 15853: 15840: 15643: 15511: 15500: 15417: 15391: 15366: 15345: 15338: 15299: 15283: 15276: 15235: 15224: 15110: 15102:List of gender identities 15043: 15032: 15008: 14807:Barak G (15 March 2009). 14786:10.1017/s0021875801006673 13866:"Yesterday in Parliament" 13832:"Boys fight for freedom!" 13648:10.1080/13603110210143644 13195:The Journal of Psychology 13035:10.1080/10510970903109904 12985:10.1017/s1743923x09000014 12787:– via Google Books. 12663:10.1177/01461672022811006 12628:10.1007/s11199-009-9683-8 12434:10.1108/CWIS-11-2013-0065 12311:10.1007/s11199-016-0617-y 12233:10.1007/s11199-010-9814-2 12154:10.1007/s11199-010-9929-5 11974:– via Google Books. 11922:10.1037/0022-3514.83.1.44 11235:Communication & Sport 11165:10.1016/j.smr.2014.05.001 11039:von der Lippe G (2002a). 10870:Journal of Sport Behavior 10801:10.1007/s11199-005-3730-x 10453:Blau FD, Kahn LM (2000). 9492:10.1080/00224498709551385 9465:10.1080/00224498909551493 8989:10.1007/s00268-012-1784-9 8936:10.1007/s11199-010-9870-7 8765:10.1007/s12147-012-9111-1 8657:10.1007/s11199-017-0852-x 8525:10.1007/s10804-016-9231-z 8108:Dhami S (November 2000). 7647:10.1007/s11199-011-9990-8 7129:10.2501/S026504870920104X 6503:Lopez G (18 April 2016). 6421:Eleanor Emmons M (1966). 6294:10.1007/s11199-007-9278-1 6169:David S. Gochman (1997). 5662:Socialism and LGBT rights 5612:Communism and LGBT rights 4441:men's liberation movement 4313:Women's Suffrage Movement 3856:Implicit-association test 3617:Army–Navy Screen Magazine 3411:and emotional meanings". 2541:Sex differences in humans 2406:Child care and education 2328:developed a model of the 2211:gender identities become 2201:is not the same thing as 1293:Opposition to immigration 162:Race / Ethnicity 20554:Occupational segregation 20323:Compulsory sterilization 19091:Cultural group selection 18975:Biocultural anthropology 18668:Societal impacts of cars 18601:Media naturalness theory 18291:Fight-or-flight response 17890:Women's studies journals 17848:Women's rights activists 16397:Movements and ideologies 15591:Non-binary / genderqueer 15379:Women's studies journals 15353:Gender studies academics 15317:Gender Development Index 15263:Gender bias on Knowledge 15216:Preferred gender pronoun 15134:Feminization of language 15129:Feminist language reform 14930:Hattery & Smith 2012 14403:10.1177/1529100616637616 14306:Elsevier Health Sciences 14164:Journal of Homosexuality 14131:10.2105/ajph.2011.300262 13746:"FHM: For Him Minister?" 13552:Rowman & Littlefield 13289:Case MA (October 1995). 12988:(inactive 3 July 2024). 12777:. 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In the United States, 4491:, have been proposed by 4420:Fathers' rights movement 4377:Luisita Lopez Torregrosa 4124:Gender inequality online 4093:images of men. However, 3883: 3835:A magazine feature from 3279:Sex-Role Ideology Scale. 2848: 2761:parachurch organizations 2656:and the man is spinning. 1288:Occupational segregation 1057:Compulsory sterilization 21082:Internalized oppression 20944:Fighting Discrimination 20934:Fat acceptance movement 20892:Anti-discrimination law 20532:Native American mascots 19291:Evolutionary psychology 19255:Sociocultural evolution 19096:Dual inheritance theory 18553:Personality development 18014:Theoretical foundations 17991:Evolutionary psychology 17433:International relations 16153:Transgender archaeology 15374:Gender studies journals 15248:Gender-related violence 14953:Surveys on gender roles 14231:10.1542/peds.113.6.1827 13674:Clatterbaugh K (1996). 12272:10.1111/1464-0597.00092 12050:10.1073/pnas.0809921106 11336:Communication and Sport 11153:Sport Management Review 10313:10.1111/0022-4537.00239 10201:10.1111/0022-4537.00234 9453:Journal of Sex Research 9430:10.1080/136910501171698 9157:10.1080/026999399379023 9145:Cognition & Emotion 8462:Lindsey, L. L. (2015). 7715:Oxford University Press 6733:Fenstermaker S (2002). 6648:Frontiers in Psychology 6409:Sulawesi's fifth gender 6407:Graham, Sharyn (2001), 6329:10.1023/A:1018709905920 6067:Levesque R.J.R. 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While the number of 3646:Equal Rights Amendment 3638:third-party punishment 3620: 3526: 3463: 3371: 3152: 3108:Afghan National Police 2993: 2985: 2955: 2924: 2845:in the first century. 2751: 2657: 2554: 2463: 2443: 2255:social constructionism 2250: 1955:Social identity threat 1928:Reverse discrimination 1918:Racial color blindness 1378:Violence against women 1358:Sex-selective abortion 21169:Religious intolerance 21129:Political correctness 20959:Intersex human rights 20907:Cultural assimilation 20589:Religious persecution 20353:Disability hate crime 20128:Jewish / Antisemitism 19240:Multilineal evolution 19203:Nature versus nurture 19162:Theoretical positions 19010:Functional psychology 19005:Evolutionary medicine 18980:Biological psychiatry 18688:Texting while driving 18678:Lead–crime hypothesis 18538:Cognitive development 18523:Caregiver deprivation 18034:Gene selection theory 17903:Women in peacekeeping 17443:Revisionist mythology 16880:Children's literature 16123:Queer heterosexuality 14452:Balthazart J (2012). 14102:http://www.ebrary.com 14083:Interview with RuPaul 13401:Westminster John Knox 13023:Communication Studies 12972:Politics & Gender 11286:10.1123/wspaj.18.2.38 10420:American Psychologist 9693:plannedparenthood.org 8434:Benokraits N (2002). 7880:. Ithaca, N.Y.: ILR. 7090:Comparative Sociology 6349:Roscoe, Will (2000). 5251:Yogyakarta Principles 5221:Intersex human rights 5144:Same-sex relationship 4867:Queer heterosexuality 4557: 4427: 4414:Men's rights movement 4357: 4345:the feminine mystique 4306: 4207:of their voter base. 3834: 3774: 3757:hegemonic masculinity 3610:Short film about the 3609: 3520: 3461: 3369: 3142: 2991: 2983: 2950: 2920: 2855:Gender roles in Islam 2827:doctors of the church 2819:Mary, mother of Jesus 2786:. Women may serve as 2756:women in Christianity 2743: 2644: 2548: 2524:Further information: 2458: 2433: 2232: 2068:, although there are 1923:Religious intolerance 1883:Political correctness 1705:Intersex human rights 1653:Cultural assimilation 1323:Religious persecution 1087:Disability hate crime 854:Jewish / Antisemitism 21338:Feminist terminology 20574:Political repression 19563:Anti-left handedness 19553:Anti-intellectualism 19193:Cultural determinism 19000:Evolutionary biology 18985:Cognitive psychology 18933:Academic disciplines 18581:Cognitive ergonomics 18548:Language acquisition 18528:Childhood attachment 18341:Wason selection task 18235:Behavioral modernity 18024:Cognitive revolution 18007:Evolutionary thought 17345:Pathways perspective 17190:Gender mainstreaming 17109:Substantive equality 17089:Reproductive justice 17039:Matriarchal religion 16892:Diversity (politics) 16103:Anti-gender movement 16078:Romantic orientation 15206:Lavender linguistics 15149:Genderless languages 15139:Gender neutrality in 15021:Anti-gender movement 14017:on 27 February 2008. 13972:on 25 September 2016 13594:. 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NY: HarperCollins. 7245:(11 December 1997). 6882:New York; Routledge. 6713:on 19 November 2012. 6552:10.1123/wspaj.15.1.3 5888:Anti-gender movement 5627:Lavender linguistics 4317:Nineteenth Amendment 4177:social conservatives 4171:Political ideologies 3960:improve this article 3849:Implicit stereotypes 3679:second-wave feminism 3511:In a Different Voice 3425:Challenge hypothesis 3374:According to author 3222:confusing or unclear 3177:LGBT rights movement 2878:United Arab Emirates 2624:juvenile delinquency 2492:They concluded that 2434:In Greek mythology, 2249:in the 21st century. 2235:gender socialization 2150:gender socialization 1308:Political repression 273:Anti-left handedness 263:Anti-intellectualism 21363:Social conservatism 21077:Historical eugenics 20614:Segregation academy 20594:Religious terrorism 20383:Enemy of the people 20291:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 19795:Jehovah's Witnesses 19683:Perpetual foreigner 19260:Unilineal evolution 19025:Population genetics 18810:Sexy son hypothesis 18748:Hormonal motivation 18728:Concealed ovulation 18269:Dual process theory 18140:Parental investment 17928:Feminism portal 17808:Ecofeminist authors 17658:Trinidad and Tobago 17598:Republic of Ireland 17458:Composition studies 17139:Women's empowerment 17094:Sex workers' rights 17019:Feminist capitalism 16999:Internalized sexism 16932:Feminism in culture 16810:Kurdish (Jineology) 15855:Sexual orientations 15586:Masculine of center 15399:Gender and religion 15201:Language and gender 15191:Genderless language 14085:, David Shankbone, 13966:Oxford Dictionaries 13871:The Daily Telegraph 13811:on 25 November 2018 13569:Solinger R (2013). 13453:on 20 October 2013. 13431:Maddison S (1999). 13403:Press. p. 17. 13223:on 18 January 2010. 12041:2009PNAS..10610593N 12035:(26): 10593–10597. 11115:2006JLeiR..38..536S 10909:10.3390/su132111863 10822:Connell RW (2005). 10472:10.1257/jep.14.4.75 9809:1972SciAm.226a..34L 9796:Scientific American 9549:A room of one's own 9234:2012EHumB..33..210T 9039:2013UrbSt..50.1148T 8167:Library of Congress 8110:"The Muslim family" 8030:Langford J (2017). 8010:Pew Research Center 7769:Ellemers N (2018). 7692:Lewontin R (1990). 7612:2024EHumB..4506586V 7560:Scientific American 7459:Lindsey LL (2015). 6837:Cherlin AJ (2010). 6642:Balducci M (2023). 6211:Lindsey LL (2015). 6019:2016PLoSO..1147315M 5908:Gender polarization 5754:non-heterosexuality 5672:Transgender studies 5412:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 4242:In political office 4078:Pew Research Center 4067:The creation of an 3827:Implicit stereotype 3805:responsibilities." 3557:less self-assertive 3317:Language and gender 3230:clarify the section 2716:Gender and religion 2663:World Values Survey 2438:is synonymous with 2295:, in works such as 2145:sociology of gender 1831:Historical eugenics 1348:Segregation academy 1328:Religious terrorism 1117:Enemy of the people 1025:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 513:Jehovah's Witnesses 393:Perpetual foreigner 20989:Social integration 20984:Self-determination 20974:Racial integration 20922:Diversity training 20912:Cultural pluralism 20887:Affirmative action 20787:Racial segregation 20697:Crime of apartheid 20599:Religious violence 20092:Indigenous people 19487:Sexual orientation 19218:Social determinism 19101:Fisher's principle 19061:Great ape language 19051:Cultural evolution 19020:Philosophy of mind 18853:Division of labour 18815:Westermarck effect 18763:Mating preferences 18673:Distracted driving 18407:Literary criticism 18264:Domain specificity 18244:modularity of mind 17303:Literary criticism 17180:Complementarianism 16902:Effects on society 16870:Complementarianism 16677:Women's liberation 15976:Same gender loving 15887:Alternative labels 15181:Grammatical gender 14693:Cherlin A (2010). 14553:on 20 October 2016 13844:on 20 October 2012 13837:The Times of India 13721:The Times of India 13694:on 17 March 2015. 13590:Menzies R (2007). 13427:See, for example: 13357:Gavanas A (2004). 13242:on 20 October 2009 12774:Transgender Rights 12622:(11–12): 808–823. 12538:Emerging Adulthood 12260:Applied Psychology 11472:The New York Times 11410:Women and Language 11268:Lumpkin A (2009). 10985:Duncan MC (1994). 10837:Messner M (2011). 8897:"Breadwinner Moms" 8850:The Globe and Mail 8738:The New York Times 8630:10.1111/jssr.12308 8414:. 13 January 2006. 8333:10.1007/BF00288051 8327:(11–12): 649–668. 7641:(11–12): 804–825. 7421:10.1111/gwao.12200 7343:Gender and Society 7156:(4 August 2008) . 6994:Dvorsky G (2008). 6944:Gender and Society 6878:Butler, J. (1990). 6470:on 24 October 2014 6288:(11–12): 851–864. 5923:Grammatical gender 5632:LGBTQ conservatism 5246:Transgender rights 4767:Sexual orientation 4672:Sexual orientation 4666:Sexual orientation 4575:sexual orientation 4563: 4489:Minister for Women 4433: 4401:Female Circulation 4397:Sally Shuttleworth 4372:The New York Times 4367: 4309: 4224:transgender rights 4189:transgender rights 4058:Cornell University 4022:encyclopedic style 4009:is written like a 3845: 3781: 3759:present in sport. 3642:job discrimination 3621: 3527: 3464: 3435:Gender stereotypes 3372: 3153: 3029:Social Interaction 2994: 2986: 2956: 2790:. Some mainstream 2752: 2658: 2631:gender stereotypes 2555: 2535:Biological factors 2520:West and Zimmerman 2444: 2251: 2233:Changing norms of 2124:, also known as a 2102:, inaccurate, and 1735:Social integration 1730:Self-determination 1720:Racial integration 1668:Diversity training 1658:Cultural pluralism 1633:Affirmative action 1525:Racial segregation 1437:Crime of apartheid 1333:Religious violence 818:Indigenous people 189:Sexual orientation 21291: 21290: 21159:Racism by country 21087:Intersectionality 21072:Heteronormativity 20871:Voter suppression 20619:Sexual harassment 20418:Forced conversion 20338:Cultural genocide 19991:African Americans 19805:post–Cold War era 19790:Eastern Orthodoxy 19548:Anti-drug addicts 19543:Anti-homelessness 19470:Scientific racism 19326: 19325: 19304:Psychology portal 19268: 19267: 19111:Hologenome theory 19081:Unit of selection 19076:Primate cognition 18990:Cognitive science 18921: 18920: 18792:Sexual attraction 18768:Mating strategies 18533:Cinderella effect 18463:Moral foundations 18367:Visual perception 18259:Domain generality 18228:Facial expression 18176:Sexual dimorphism 18135:Natural selection 18081:Hamiltonian spite 17957: 17956: 17911: 17910: 17320:Political ecology 17226:Écriture féminine 17124:Triple oppression 17114:Toxic masculinity 17099:Sexual harassment 16959:Feminist stripper 16937:Feminist movement 16851: 16850: 16789:Ethnic and racial 16390: 16389: 16161: 16160: 16108:Gender assignment 16091: 16090: 15836: 15835: 15576:Gender neutrality 15455: 15454: 15387: 15386: 15334: 15333: 15330: 15329: 15097:Gender neutrality 15087:Gender expression 15066:Non-binary gender 14916:978-0-8133-4999-2 14875:978-0-8133-4463-8 14676:978-0-203-01971-9 14465:978-0-19-983882-0 14438:978-0-19-975296-6 14356:978-0-8261-9381-0 14315:978-0-323-29412-6 14273:978-1-305-17689-8 14170:(10): 1356–1358. 14091:, 6 October 2007. 14041:978-0-231-11191-1 13915:978-0-8014-4690-0 13897:Minister for Men. 13687:978-0-8133-2701-3 13626:978-0-7486-1247-5 13613:Dunphy R (2000). 13605:978-0-7748-1411-9 13582:978-0-19-981141-0 13561:978-0-8039-5577-6 13511:978-0-7619-2369-5 13502:SAGE Publications 13500:. Thousand Oaks: 13477:978-1-59033-900-8 13410:978-0-664-25544-2 13376:978-0-252-02884-7 13336:978-0-674-00544-0 12866:"Current Numbers" 12811:978-1-78441-222-7 12784:978-0-8166-4312-7 12736:Cooper L (1981). 12085:(December 2000). 11964:978-0-7867-2390-4 10085:(12): 1648–1663. 9749:Child Development 9709:Child Development 9673:Brewer H (2012). 9587:978-0-674-44544-4 9180:978-1-4522-2009-3 8930:(9/10): 682–696. 8449:978-0-13-034177-8 8193:Surah Al-Baqarah 8094:978-0-19-178130-8 8069:Yarrow S (2018). 8036:Feminist Theology 7916:978-0-8122-1431-4 7887:978-0-8014-7662-4 7862:978-0-912670-13-3 7755:978-1-317-93674-9 7724:978-0-19-020883-7 7540:978-1-4557-5973-6 7506:978-1-4739-7128-8 7497:SAGE Publications 7472:978-1-317-34808-5 7253:. pp. 54–97. 7251:The Rolling Stone 7169:978-0-7867-2433-8 7154:Fausto-Sterling A 6868:10.1037/10683-003 6848:978-0-07-340435-6 6780:978-0-942299-82-3 6746:978-0-415-93179-3 6442:978-0-8047-0308-6 6394:978-1-137-51053-2 6372:978-0-942299-82-3 6224:978-1-317-34808-5 6186:978-1-4899-1760-7 6145:978-0-7637-5641-3 6104:978-1-317-34808-5 6079:978-1-4419-1695-2 5879:Psychology portal 5782:domestic partners 5770:heteronormativity 5727: 5726: 5570:Non-binary people 5461:Domestic violence 5344:Heteronormativity 5216:Decriminalization 5066:Awareness periods 5017: 5016: 4944:Same-sex marriage 4857:Non-binary gender 4536:and other means. 4526:Gender neutrality 4521:Gender neutrality 4515:Gender neutrality 4461:domestic violence 4386:Londa Schiebinger 4050: 4049: 4042: 3992: 3991: 3984: 3743:and performance. 3675:intersectionality 3607: 3575:Stereotype threat 3262: 3261: 3254: 3128:construction work 2861:Marriage in Islam 2578:in 79% of modern 2416: 2415: 2116:Gender expression 2050: 2049: 1913:Racism by country 1841:Intersectionality 1826:Heteronormativity 1609:Voter suppression 1353:Sexual harassment 1152:Forced conversion 1072:Cultural genocide 717:African Americans 523:post–Cold War era 508:Eastern Orthodoxy 258:Anti-drug addicts 253:Anti-homelessness 172:Scientific racism 21370: 21333:1950s neologisms 21318: 21317: 21315: 21313: 21299: 21281: 21280: 21271: 21270: 21211:Social privilege 21196:Social exclusion 21124:Police brutality 21045:Multiculturalism 21015:Amatonormativity 20846:Social exclusion 20682:Age of candidacy 20482:Homeless dumping 20388:Ethnic cleansing 19353: 19346: 19339: 19330: 19329: 19313: 19300: 19287: 19286: 18930: 18929: 18926:Related subjects 18713:Adult attachment 18240:Cognitive module 18196: 18195: 18183:Social selection 18157:Costly signaling 18152:Sexual selection 18039:Modern synthesis 17984: 17977: 17970: 17961: 17960: 17947: 17946: 17937: 17936: 17926: 17925: 17924: 17792: 17791: 17775:History of women 17251:Political theory 17151: 17144:Women-only space 17029:Likeability trap 16994:Invisible labour 16912:Female education 16403: 16402: 16398: 16358:African-American 16288:Women's suffrage 16279: 16266:Feminist history 16208: 16207: 16188: 16181: 16174: 16165: 16164: 15951:Non-heterosexual 15851: 15850: 15509: 15508: 15482: 15475: 15468: 15459: 15458: 15445: 15444: 15435: 15434: 15425: 15424: 15343: 15342: 15281: 15280: 15243:Gender apartheid 15233: 15232: 15068:(or Genderqueer) 15038: 15037: 14995: 14988: 14981: 14972: 14971: 14933: 14927: 14921: 14920: 14902: 14896: 14893: 14887: 14886: 14884: 14882: 14859: 14848: 14847: 14827: 14821: 14820: 14818: 14816: 14804: 14798: 14797: 14769: 14763: 14759: 14753: 14750: 14744: 14741: 14735: 14729: 14723: 14720: 14714: 14713: 14708:Crook R (2011). 14705: 14699: 14698: 14690: 14681: 14680: 14665:Dwyer D (2000). 14662: 14656: 14655: 14627: 14621: 14608: 14602: 14592: 14586: 14583: 14577: 14576: 14570: 14562: 14560: 14558: 14552: 14546:. Archived from 14545: 14536: 14530: 14519: 14513: 14502: 14496: 14495: 14493: 14491: 14476: 14470: 14469: 14449: 14443: 14442: 14425:LeVay S (2017). 14422: 14416: 14415: 14405: 14377: 14371: 14370: 14365: 14363: 14336: 14330: 14329: 14324: 14322: 14295: 14289: 14288: 14282: 14280: 14264:Cengage Learning 14253: 14244: 14243: 14233: 14207: 14196: 14195: 14159: 14153: 14152: 14142: 14125:(6): 1177–1178. 14110: 14104: 14098: 14092: 14080: 14074: 14073: 14067: 14063: 14061: 14053: 14025: 14019: 14018: 14016: 14010:. Archived from 14009: 14001: 13995: 13988: 13982: 13981: 13979: 13977: 13968:. Archived from 13958: 13952: 13941: 13935: 13924: 13918: 13907: 13901: 13893: 13887: 13886: 13884: 13882: 13868: 13860: 13854: 13853: 13851: 13849: 13840:. Archived from 13827: 13821: 13820: 13818: 13816: 13797: 13791: 13790: 13788: 13786: 13780:Washington Times 13771: 13762: 13761: 13759: 13757: 13742: 13733: 13732: 13730: 13728: 13713: 13704: 13703: 13690:. 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CR-CLL Rev 10754: 10748: 10747: 10735: 10729: 10728: 10696: 10690: 10689: 10661: 10655: 10654: 10652: 10650: 10644: 10637: 10629: 10623: 10622: 10610: 10604: 10603: 10575: 10569: 10568: 10560: 10554: 10553: 10548:Mann SA (2012). 10545: 10539: 10538: 10518: 10512: 10511: 10483: 10477: 10476: 10474: 10450: 10444: 10443: 10432:10.1037/a0017459 10415: 10404: 10403: 10379: 10373: 10372: 10360: 10354: 10353: 10341: 10335: 10334: 10324: 10296: 10290: 10289: 10269: 10263: 10262: 10254: 10248: 10247: 10219: 10213: 10212: 10184: 10178: 10177: 10149: 10143: 10142: 10140: 10138: 10117: 10111: 10110: 10074: 10065: 10059: 10058: 10047:10.1037/a0026617 10028: 10022: 10011: 9993: 9967: 9961: 9957: 9916: 9910: 9909: 9887: 9881: 9880: 9858: 9852: 9851: 9827: 9821: 9820: 9790: 9784: 9783: 9765: 9743: 9734: 9733: 9716:(4): 1119–1134. 9703: 9697: 9696: 9685: 9679: 9678: 9670: 9664: 9663: 9661: 9630: 9610: 9598: 9592: 9591: 9568: 9562: 9561: 9540: 9534: 9533: 9511: 9496: 9495: 9475: 9469: 9468: 9448: 9442: 9441: 9413: 9407: 9406: 9388: 9368: 9362: 9358: 9352: 9349: 9343: 9340: 9334: 9331: 9325: 9324: 9312: 9306: 9303: 9297: 9294: 9288: 9287: 9285: 9283: 9268: 9262: 9261: 9213: 9207: 9204: 9198: 9191: 9185: 9184: 9167: 9161: 9160: 9140: 9131: 9128: 9122: 9121: 9093: 9087: 9086: 9077:(5): 1025–1048. 9062: 9051: 9050: 9033:(6): 1148–1164. 9022: 9009: 9008: 8968: 8957: 8954: 8948: 8947: 8919: 8913: 8912: 8910: 8908: 8893: 8887: 8886: 8884: 8882: 8868: 8862: 8861: 8859: 8857: 8842: 8836: 8835: 8833: 8831: 8817: 8809: 8803: 8802: 8800: 8798: 8783: 8777: 8776: 8748: 8742: 8741: 8729: 8723: 8722: 8713:Hawke L (2007). 8710: 8704: 8703: 8675: 8669: 8668: 8640: 8634: 8633: 8613: 8607: 8606: 8578: 8572: 8571: 8543: 8537: 8536: 8508: 8502: 8501: 8473: 8467: 8460: 8454: 8453: 8441: 8431: 8416: 8415: 8404: 8398: 8397: 8391: 8383: 8377: 8374: 8368: 8367: 8362:. 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Archived from 6698: 6692: 6691: 6681: 6663: 6639: 6633: 6632: 6604: 6598: 6597: 6569: 6563: 6562: 6560: 6558: 6534:Sykes H (2006). 6531: 6525: 6524: 6519: 6517: 6500: 6494: 6493: 6487: 6479: 6477: 6475: 6469: 6463:. Archived from 6462: 6453: 6447: 6446: 6418: 6412: 6405: 6399: 6398: 6380: 6374: 6347: 6341: 6340: 6323:(5–6): 425–442. 6312: 6306: 6305: 6277: 6271: 6270: 6242: 6236: 6235: 6233: 6231: 6208: 6202: 6201: 6195: 6193: 6166: 6160: 6159: 6154: 6152: 6125: 6119: 6118: 6113: 6111: 6088: 6082: 6065: 6059: 6058: 6048: 6030: 5998: 5992: 5991: 5959: 5881: 5876: 5875: 5874: 5867: 5862: 5861: 5853: 5848: 5847: 5846: 5823: 5811:Gender and crime 5805:Criminal justice 5719: 5712: 5705: 5691: 5622:Lesbian feminism 5503:Heteropatriarchy 5374:Sexual diversity 5334:Amatonormativity 5317:Social attitudes 5231:Military service 5110:in New York City 5093:New queer cinema 5049:African-American 4927: 4926: 4852:Non-heterosexual 4726: 4723: 4720: 4717: 4714: 4711: 4690: 4689: 4497:Lord Northbourne 4485:Minister for Men 4045: 4038: 4034: 4031: 4025: 4002: 4001: 3994: 3987: 3980: 3976: 3973: 3967: 3944: 3936: 3922:eating disorders 3794:The Second Shift 3789:Arlie Hochschild 3720:beach volleyball 3686:Liberal feminist 3608: 3594:In the workplace 3380:Native Americans 3295: 3257: 3250: 3246: 3243: 3237: 3213: 3212: 3205: 3126:; a woman doing 3116:Colorado Springs 3092: 3083: 3072: 3063: 2831:Paul the Apostle 2772:Eastern Orthodox 2748:Hermitage Museum 2339: 2270:As an aspect of 2178:Buginese society 2042: 2035: 2028: 1965:Social privilege 1950:Social exclusion 1878:Police brutality 1799:Multiculturalism 1769:Amatonormativity 1584:Social exclusion 1422:Age of candidacy 1216:Homeless dumping 1122:Ethnic cleansing 52: 29: 28: 21378: 21377: 21373: 21372: 21371: 21369: 21368: 21367: 21323: 21322: 21321: 21311: 21309: 21307:gamecritics.com 21301: 21300: 21296: 21292: 21287: 21259: 21134:Polyculturalism 21030:Civil liberties 20998: 20979:Reappropriation 20880:Countermeasures 20875: 20804:Racial steering 20770:Numerus clausus 20674: 20668: 20393:Ethnic conflict 20328:Corrective rape 20279: 19909: 19864:minority Muslim 19746: 19638:HIV/AIDS stigma 19506: 19455:Mental disorder 19393: 19362: 19357: 19327: 19322: 19264: 19250:Neoevolutionism 19157: 19141:Species complex 19106:Group selection 19044:Research topics 19039: 19015:Neuropsychology 18917: 18903:Substance abuse 18825:Sex differences 18819: 18733:Coolidge effect 18694: 18606:Neuroergonomics 18571: 18562: 18486: 18388: 18322:Folk psychology 18203: 18187: 18057: 18050: 17993: 17988: 17958: 17953: 17944: 17922: 17920: 17907: 17851: 17783: 17782: 17781: 17690:Northern Cyprus 17462: 17453:Science fiction 17246:Oedipus complex 17206:Women's studies 17167: 17166: 17165: 17149: 17059:Oedipus complex 17049:Men in feminism 17014:Language reform 16989:Ideal womanhood 16969:Gender equality 16964:Formal equality 16927:Feminationalism 16865:Cognitive labor 16847: 16815:Native American 16784: 16783: 16782: 16681: 16591:Post-structural 16396: 16386: 16282: 16275: 16271:Women's history 16249: 16197: 16192: 16162: 16157: 16087: 16038:Analloeroticism 16021: 16017:Heterosociality 15985: 15882: 15845: 15843: 15832: 15647: 15639: 15581:Gender variance 15571:Gender fluidity 15503: 15496: 15486: 15456: 15451: 15413: 15383: 15362: 15326: 15295: 15272: 15227: 15220: 15113: 15106: 15077:Gender identity 15072:Gender variance 15039: 15035: 15030: 15004: 14999: 14943: 14936: 14928: 14924: 14917: 14903: 14899: 14894: 14890: 14880: 14878: 14876: 14860: 14851: 14828: 14824: 14814: 14812: 14805: 14801: 14770: 14766: 14760: 14756: 14751: 14747: 14742: 14738: 14730: 14726: 14721: 14717: 14706: 14702: 14691: 14684: 14677: 14663: 14659: 14644:10.2307/3684953 14628: 14624: 14609: 14605: 14593: 14589: 14584: 14580: 14564: 14563: 14556: 14554: 14550: 14543: 14541:"Archived copy" 14539: 14537: 14533: 14520: 14516: 14503: 14499: 14489: 14487: 14478: 14477: 14473: 14466: 14450: 14446: 14439: 14423: 14419: 14378: 14374: 14361: 14359: 14357: 14349:. p. 169. 14337: 14333: 14320: 14318: 14316: 14308:. p. 502. 14296: 14292: 14278: 14276: 14274: 14254: 14247: 14208: 14199: 14160: 14156: 14111: 14107: 14099: 14095: 14081: 14077: 14065: 14064: 14055: 14054: 14042: 14026: 14022: 14014: 14007: 14003: 14002: 13998: 13989: 13985: 13975: 13973: 13960: 13959: 13955: 13942: 13938: 13925: 13921: 13908: 13904: 13894: 13890: 13880: 13878: 13861: 13857: 13847: 13845: 13828: 13824: 13814: 13812: 13799: 13798: 13794: 13784: 13782: 13772: 13765: 13755: 13753: 13744: 13743: 13736: 13726: 13724: 13715: 13714: 13707: 13688: 13672: 13665: 13627: 13606: 13583: 13562: 13531: 13529: 13512: 13504:. p. 459. 13478: 13464:Nova Publishers 13450: 13435: 13426: 13422: 13411: 13391: 13387: 13377: 13355: 13351: 13345: 13341: 13326: 13322: 13287: 13283: 13273: 13271: 13259: 13255: 13245: 13243: 13232: 13228: 13187: 13183: 13178: 13174: 13159:10.2307/2264228 13143: 13139: 13108: 13104: 13073: 13069: 13054: 13050: 13019: 13015: 12999: 12998: 12965: 12961: 12946:10.2307/3088412 12930: 12926: 12911:10.2307/2111526 12892: 12888: 12875: 12873: 12864: 12863: 12859: 12844: 12843: 12839: 12827: 12826: 12817: 12816: 12812: 12796: 12792: 12785: 12769: 12765: 12734: 12730: 12720: 12718: 12708: 12704: 12694: 12692: 12682: 12678: 12647: 12643: 12612: 12608: 12577: 12573: 12530: 12526: 12471: 12467: 12457: 12455: 12445: 12441: 12418: 12414: 12383: 12379: 12340: 12336: 12291: 12287: 12252: 12248: 12213: 12209: 12199: 12197: 12189: 12188: 12184: 12173: 12169: 12134: 12130: 12122: 12089: 12080: 12076: 12018: 12014: 11983: 11979: 11969: 11967: 11965: 11957:. Basic Books. 11949: 11945: 11913:10.1.1.463.6120 11894: 11890: 11837: 11833: 11798: 11794: 11759: 11755: 11743: 11741: 11732: 11731: 11726: 11719: 11713: 11706: 11696: 11694: 11693:. 3 August 2020 11685: 11684: 11675: 11624: 11620: 11612: 11601: 11597: 11596: 11592: 11584: 11580: 11545: 11541: 11498: 11494: 11484: 11482: 11464: 11460: 11425: 11421: 11406: 11402: 11367: 11363: 11328: 11324: 11297: 11293: 11266: 11262: 11227: 11220: 11185: 11172: 11145: 11138: 11095: 11091: 11076: 11072: 11037: 11033: 11022: 11018: 10983: 10979: 10952: 10948: 10921: 10917: 10888: 10881: 10866: 10862: 10835: 10831: 10820: 10816: 10781: 10770: 10755: 10751: 10736: 10732: 10697: 10693: 10662: 10658: 10648: 10646: 10645:on 28 July 2018 10642: 10635: 10631: 10630: 10626: 10611: 10607: 10576: 10572: 10561: 10557: 10546: 10542: 10519: 10515: 10484: 10480: 10451: 10447: 10416: 10407: 10380: 10376: 10361: 10357: 10342: 10338: 10297: 10293: 10270: 10266: 10255: 10251: 10220: 10216: 10185: 10181: 10150: 10146: 10136: 10134: 10118: 10114: 10072: 10066: 10062: 10029: 10025: 10020:Wayback Machine 9991:10.1.1.370.3979 9968: 9964: 9917: 9913: 9888: 9884: 9871:(5): 991–1004. 9859: 9855: 9828: 9824: 9791: 9787: 9763:10.1.1.300.2757 9744: 9737: 9722:10.2307/1129498 9704: 9700: 9687: 9686: 9682: 9671: 9667: 9659: 9628:10.1.1.320.4001 9608: 9599: 9595: 9588: 9569: 9565: 9541: 9537: 9512: 9499: 9476: 9472: 9449: 9445: 9414: 9410: 9386:10.1.1.186.5369 9369: 9365: 9359: 9355: 9350: 9346: 9341: 9337: 9332: 9328: 9313: 9309: 9304: 9300: 9295: 9291: 9281: 9279: 9269: 9265: 9214: 9210: 9205: 9201: 9192: 9188: 9181: 9169: 9168: 9164: 9141: 9134: 9129: 9125: 9094: 9090: 9065:Rao N (2012). " 9063: 9054: 9023: 9012: 8969: 8960: 8955: 8951: 8920: 8916: 8906: 8904: 8895: 8894: 8890: 8880: 8878: 8870: 8869: 8865: 8855: 8853: 8844: 8843: 8839: 8829: 8827: 8820:Telegraph.co.uk 8810: 8806: 8796: 8794: 8785: 8784: 8780: 8749: 8745: 8730: 8726: 8711: 8707: 8692:10.2307/1973487 8676: 8672: 8641: 8637: 8614: 8610: 8579: 8575: 8544: 8540: 8509: 8505: 8474: 8470: 8461: 8457: 8450: 8432: 8419: 8406: 8405: 8401: 8384: 8380: 8375: 8371: 8366:on 10 May 2013. 8360:Oakland Tribune 8352: 8348: 8317: 8310: 8301: 8292: 8261: 8250: 8245: 8241: 8236: 8232: 8222: 8220: 8212: 8211: 8207: 8197: 8195: 8187: 8186: 8182: 8174: 8161: 8155: 8151: 8106: 8102: 8095: 8067: 8063: 8028: 8024: 8014: 8012: 8002: 7998: 7992: 7988: 7978: 7976: 7972: 7961: 7955: 7951: 7946: 7942: 7937: 7933: 7928: 7924: 7917: 7903: 7899: 7888: 7874: 7870: 7863: 7841: 7834: 7808: 7804: 7767: 7763: 7756: 7736: 7732: 7725: 7717:. p. 110. 7705: 7701: 7690: 7686: 7676: 7674: 7666: 7662: 7631: 7627: 7592: 7588: 7572: 7571: 7564: 7562: 7552: 7548: 7541: 7521: 7514: 7507: 7487: 7480: 7473: 7457: 7446: 7401: 7397: 7374: 7370: 7339: 7332: 7322: 7320: 7310: 7306: 7275: 7271: 7262: 7258: 7240: 7236: 7206: 7202: 7189: 7185: 7170: 7151: 7144: 7113: 7109: 7086: 7082: 7059: 7055: 7050: 7043: 7038: 7034: 7029: 7025: 7015: 7013: 7009: 6998: 6992: 6988: 6983: 6979: 6936: 6932: 6924: 6920: 6906:Front. Psychol. 6899: 6895: 6890: 6886: 6877: 6873: 6860: 6856: 6849: 6835: 6831: 6792: 6788: 6781: 6767: 6763: 6758: 6754: 6747: 6731: 6727: 6722: 6718: 6707:jamespatemd.com 6699: 6695: 6640: 6636: 6621:10.2307/2075528 6605: 6601: 6586:10.2307/2112807 6570: 6566: 6556: 6554: 6532: 6528: 6515: 6513: 6501: 6497: 6481: 6480: 6473: 6471: 6467: 6460: 6458:"Archived copy" 6456: 6454: 6450: 6443: 6419: 6415: 6406: 6402: 6395: 6381: 6377: 6361: 6348: 6344: 6313: 6309: 6278: 6274: 6259:10.2307/2112807 6243: 6239: 6229: 6227: 6225: 6209: 6205: 6191: 6189: 6187: 6179:. p. 424. 6167: 6163: 6150: 6148: 6146: 6138:. p. 143. 6126: 6122: 6109: 6107: 6105: 6089: 6085: 6066: 6062: 6013:(1): e0147315. 5999: 5995: 5960: 5956: 5952: 5947: 5913:Gender policing 5877: 5872: 5870: 5863: 5856: 5851:Feminism portal 5849: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5830: 5821: 5813: 5807: 5723: 5682: 5681: 5642:Queer anarchism 5607: 5599: 5598: 5471:Straightwashing 5456:Criminalization 5392: 5384: 5383: 5359:Media portrayal 5329:Allonormativity 5319: 5309: 5308: 5266: 5256: 5255: 5201: 5191: 5190: 5029: 5019: 5018: 5013: 4975: 4971:Stonewall riots 4966:Same-sex unions 4924: 4914: 4913: 4879:Sexual identity 4837:Gender variance 4827:Gender identity 4822:Gender fluidity 4788:Gray asexuality 4773: 4759: 4724: 4721: 4718: 4715: 4712: 4709: 4688: 4686:Straight acting 4674: 4668: 4567:gender identity 4552: 4544:Main articles: 4542: 4534:sex segregation 4523: 4517: 4422: 4416: 4410: 4301: 4295: 4289: 4273:Hillary Clinton 4265:foreign affairs 4244: 4212:social liberals 4205:cultural values 4173: 4168: 4126: 4069:online identity 4046: 4035: 4029: 4026: 4018:help improve it 4015: 4003: 3999: 3988: 3977: 3971: 3968: 3957: 3945: 3934: 3891:Michael Messner 3886: 3829: 3823: 3769: 3707: 3598: 3596: 3456: 3442: 3437: 3409:sexual activity 3400: 3364: 3347: 3327: 3313: 3293: 3258: 3247: 3241: 3238: 3227: 3214: 3210: 3203: 3197: 3172:Gender equality 3137: 3136: 3135: 3134: 3132:Solomon Islands 3095: 3094: 3093: 3085: 3084: 3075: 3074: 3073: 3065: 3064: 3053: 3040: 3031: 3003: 2978: 2972: 2953:Ardhanarishvara 2941: 2935: 2863: 2857: 2851: 2843:Greco-Roman law 2811:beatific vision 2738: 2732: 2726: 2718: 2712: 2700:gender identity 2675:Western society 2639: 2629:With regard to 2620:neurobiological 2580:hunter-gatherer 2567:sociobiological 2543: 2537: 2528: 2522: 2477:"In the 1950s, 2475: 2428: 2390:Decision making 2326:Talcott Parsons 2320:Working in the 2318: 2316:Talcott Parsons 2313: 2311:Major theorists 2227: 2221: 2204:gender identity 2118: 2112: 2046: 2017: 2016: 2015: 2014: 2013: 1888:Polyculturalism 1784:Civil liberties 1756: 1748: 1747: 1746: 1745: 1744: 1725:Reappropriation 1625: 1624:Countermeasures 1617: 1616: 1615: 1614: 1613: 1542:Racial steering 1508:Numerus clausus 1414: 1406: 1405: 1404: 1403: 1402: 1127:Ethnic conflict 1062:Corrective rape 1017: 1009: 1008: 1007: 1006: 1005: 642: 631: 630: 629: 628: 627: 582:minority Muslim 470: 460: 459: 458: 457: 456: 348:HIV/AIDS stigma 220: 212: 211: 210: 209: 208: 157:Mental disorder 99: 91: 90: 89: 88: 87: 60: 27: 17: 12: 11: 5: 21376: 21366: 21365: 21360: 21355: 21350: 21345: 21340: 21335: 21320: 21319: 21293: 21289: 21288: 21286: 21285: 21275: 21264: 21261: 21260: 21258: 21257: 21252: 21251: 21250: 21240: 21235: 21230: 21229: 21228: 21223: 21218: 21208: 21203: 21198: 21193: 21188: 21183: 21182: 21181: 21179:Reverse racism 21171: 21166: 21161: 21156: 21151: 21149:Prisoner abuse 21146: 21141: 21139:Power distance 21136: 21131: 21126: 21121: 21116: 21111: 21106: 21105: 21104: 21094: 21089: 21084: 21079: 21074: 21069: 21064: 21059: 21057:Ethnic penalty 21054: 21053: 21052: 21050:Neurodiversity 21047: 21037: 21035:Dehumanization 21032: 21027: 21025:Cisnormativity 21022: 21017: 21012: 21006: 21004: 21003:Related topics 21000: 20999: 20997: 20996: 20991: 20986: 20981: 20976: 20971: 20966: 20961: 20956: 20951: 20946: 20941: 20936: 20931: 20926: 20925: 20924: 20914: 20909: 20904: 20899: 20894: 20889: 20883: 20881: 20877: 20876: 20874: 20873: 20868: 20863: 20861:State religion 20858: 20853: 20848: 20843: 20842: 20841: 20836: 20831: 20826: 20816: 20811: 20806: 20801: 20800: 20799: 20797:Nuremberg Laws 20794: 20784: 20779: 20774: 20766: 20761: 20756: 20751: 20746: 20741: 20739:Ghetto benches 20736: 20734:Gerrymandering 20731: 20726: 20721: 20719:Gender pay gap 20716: 20715: 20714: 20709: 20699: 20694: 20689: 20684: 20678: 20676: 20673:Discriminatory 20670: 20669: 20667: 20666: 20661: 20656: 20651: 20646: 20641: 20636: 20631: 20626: 20621: 20616: 20611: 20606: 20601: 20596: 20591: 20586: 20581: 20576: 20571: 20566: 20561: 20556: 20551: 20550: 20549: 20544: 20539: 20529: 20524: 20519: 20514: 20509: 20504: 20502:Lavender scare 20499: 20497:Kill Haole Day 20494: 20492:Indian rolling 20489: 20484: 20479: 20474: 20469: 20468: 20467: 20457: 20452: 20451: 20450: 20440: 20435: 20430: 20425: 20420: 20415: 20410: 20405: 20400: 20395: 20390: 20385: 20380: 20378:Eliminationism 20375: 20370: 20365: 20360: 20355: 20350: 20345: 20340: 20335: 20330: 20325: 20320: 20315: 20313:Cancel culture 20310: 20305: 20300: 20299: 20298: 20287: 20285: 20284:Manifestations 20281: 20280: 20278: 20277: 20272: 20267: 20262: 20257: 20252: 20247: 20242: 20237: 20232: 20227: 20222: 20217: 20212: 20207: 20202: 20197: 20192: 20187: 20182: 20177: 20172: 20170:Middle Eastern 20167: 20162: 20157: 20152: 20147: 20142: 20137: 20136: 20135: 20125: 20120: 20115: 20110: 20109: 20108: 20103: 20098: 20090: 20085: 20080: 20075: 20070: 20065: 20060: 20055: 20050: 20045: 20040: 20035: 20030: 20025: 20020: 20015: 20010: 20005: 20004: 20003: 19998: 19993: 19983: 19978: 19973: 19972: 19971: 19966: 19961: 19951: 19946: 19941: 19936: 19931: 19926: 19920: 19918: 19911: 19910: 19908: 19907: 19905:Zoroastrianism 19902: 19897: 19892: 19887: 19882: 19881: 19880: 19870: 19869: 19868: 19867: 19866: 19861: 19856: 19851: 19846: 19831: 19830: 19829: 19827:Untouchability 19824: 19814: 19809: 19808: 19807: 19802: 19797: 19792: 19787: 19777: 19772: 19767: 19762: 19756: 19754: 19748: 19747: 19745: 19744: 19739: 19734: 19733: 19732: 19727: 19722: 19712: 19711: 19710: 19705: 19695: 19690: 19685: 19680: 19675: 19670: 19665: 19660: 19655: 19650: 19648:Leprosy stigma 19645: 19640: 19635: 19630: 19625: 19620: 19615: 19610: 19605: 19600: 19595: 19590: 19585: 19580: 19575: 19570: 19565: 19560: 19555: 19550: 19545: 19540: 19535: 19530: 19525: 19520: 19514: 19512: 19508: 19507: 19505: 19504: 19499: 19494: 19489: 19484: 19479: 19474: 19473: 19472: 19467: 19457: 19452: 19447: 19442: 19437: 19432: 19427: 19422: 19417: 19412: 19407: 19401: 19399: 19395: 19394: 19392: 19391: 19386: 19381: 19376: 19370: 19368: 19364: 19363: 19360:Discrimination 19356: 19355: 19348: 19341: 19333: 19324: 19323: 19321: 19320: 19307: 19294: 19281: 19273: 19270: 19269: 19266: 19265: 19263: 19262: 19257: 19252: 19247: 19242: 19237: 19232: 19227: 19226: 19225: 19220: 19215: 19210: 19205: 19200: 19195: 19190: 19185: 19171: 19165: 19163: 19159: 19158: 19156: 19155: 19154: 19153: 19148: 19143: 19138: 19133: 19128: 19123: 19118: 19113: 19108: 19103: 19098: 19093: 19088: 19078: 19073: 19068: 19063: 19058: 19053: 19047: 19045: 19041: 19040: 19038: 19037: 19032: 19027: 19022: 19017: 19012: 19007: 19002: 18997: 18992: 18987: 18982: 18977: 18972: 18955: 18946: 18936: 18934: 18927: 18923: 18922: 18919: 18918: 18916: 18915: 18910: 18905: 18900: 18895: 18890: 18885: 18880: 18875: 18870: 18865: 18860: 18855: 18850: 18845: 18840: 18835: 18829: 18827: 18821: 18820: 18818: 18817: 18812: 18807: 18794: 18785: 18780: 18775: 18770: 18765: 18760: 18755: 18750: 18745: 18740: 18735: 18730: 18725: 18720: 18715: 18710: 18704: 18702: 18696: 18695: 18693: 18692: 18691: 18690: 18685: 18680: 18675: 18665: 18660: 18655: 18650: 18645: 18640: 18635: 18633:Mind-blindness 18630: 18625: 18620: 18615: 18610: 18609: 18608: 18603: 18598: 18593: 18588: 18577: 18575: 18564: 18563: 18561: 18560: 18555: 18550: 18545: 18540: 18535: 18530: 18525: 18520: 18507: 18502: 18496: 18494: 18488: 18487: 18485: 18484: 18479: 18478: 18477: 18467: 18466: 18465: 18455: 18454: 18453: 18448: 18443: 18433: 18428: 18427: 18426: 18416: 18415: 18414: 18409: 18398: 18396: 18390: 18389: 18387: 18386: 18385: 18384: 18379: 18374: 18364: 18359: 18354: 18345: 18344: 18343: 18338: 18328: 18326:theory of mind 18319: 18310: 18309: 18308: 18303: 18298: 18288: 18283: 18278: 18273: 18272: 18271: 18266: 18261: 18256: 18251: 18237: 18232: 18231: 18230: 18225: 18220: 18209: 18207: 18193: 18189: 18188: 18186: 18185: 18180: 18179: 18178: 18173: 18168: 18159: 18149: 18148: 18147: 18137: 18132: 18127: 18122: 18121: 18120: 18110: 18105: 18100: 18095: 18093:Baldwin effect 18090: 18089: 18088: 18083: 18078: 18068: 18062: 18060: 18052: 18051: 18049: 18048: 18043: 18042: 18041: 18036: 18031: 18026: 18021: 18011: 18010: 18009: 17998: 17995: 17994: 17987: 17986: 17979: 17972: 17964: 17955: 17954: 17952: 17951: 17941: 17931: 17916: 17913: 17912: 17909: 17908: 17906: 17905: 17900: 17896:SCUM Manifesto 17892: 17887: 17882: 17881: 17880: 17875: 17865: 17859: 17857: 17853: 17852: 17850: 17845: 17840: 17835: 17830: 17825: 17820: 17815: 17810: 17805: 17800: 17798: 17789: 17785: 17784: 17780: 17779: 17778: 17777: 17767: 17765:United Kingdom 17762: 17757: 17752: 17747: 17742: 17737: 17732: 17727: 17722: 17717: 17712: 17707: 17702: 17697: 17692: 17687: 17682: 17677: 17672: 17667: 17662: 17661: 17660: 17655: 17650: 17645: 17640: 17635: 17630: 17625: 17615: 17610: 17605: 17600: 17595: 17590: 17585: 17580: 17575: 17570: 17565: 17560: 17555: 17550: 17545: 17540: 17535: 17530: 17525: 17520: 17519: 17518: 17513: 17508: 17503: 17498: 17493: 17488: 17483: 17472: 17471: 17470: 17468: 17464: 17463: 17461: 17460: 17455: 17450: 17445: 17440: 17438:Existentialism 17435: 17430: 17425: 17424: 17423: 17413: 17408: 17407: 17406: 17401: 17396: 17394:Existentialism 17391: 17390: 17389: 17387:Justice ethics 17379: 17374: 17369: 17359: 17354: 17349: 17348: 17347: 17337: 17332: 17327: 17322: 17317: 17312: 17311: 17310: 17305: 17300: 17290: 17285: 17280: 17275: 17270: 17269: 17268: 17263: 17253: 17248: 17243: 17238: 17233: 17228: 17223: 17218: 17213: 17208: 17203: 17197: 17192: 17187: 17185:Gender studies 17182: 17177: 17175: 17169: 17168: 17164: 17163: 17158: 17156:Women's rights 17153: 17150:Women's health 17146: 17141: 17136: 17131: 17126: 17121: 17116: 17111: 17106: 17101: 17096: 17091: 17086: 17081: 17076: 17071: 17066: 17061: 17056: 17051: 17046: 17041: 17036: 17034:Male privilege 17031: 17026: 17021: 17016: 17011: 17003:International 17001: 16996: 16991: 16986: 16981: 16976: 16971: 16966: 16961: 16956: 16955: 16954: 16949: 16944: 16934: 16929: 16924: 16919: 16914: 16909: 16904: 16899: 16894: 16889: 16884: 16883: 16882: 16872: 16867: 16861: 16860: 16859: 16857: 16853: 16852: 16849: 16848: 16846: 16841: 16836: 16835: 16834: 16824: 16823: 16822: 16817: 16812: 16802: 16797: 16792: 16790: 16786: 16785: 16781: 16780: 16775: 16774: 16773: 16763: 16758: 16753: 16752: 16751: 16746: 16741: 16731: 16730: 16729: 16724: 16719: 16714: 16704: 16699: 16693: 16692: 16691: 16689: 16683: 16682: 16680: 16679: 16674: 16673: 16672: 16662: 16657: 16652: 16647: 16642: 16637: 16636: 16635: 16625: 16620: 16615: 16610: 16605: 16600: 16599: 16598: 16588: 16583: 16578: 16573: 16568: 16563: 16558: 16553: 16548: 16547: 16546: 16536: 16531: 16526: 16521: 16520: 16519: 16509: 16504: 16499: 16494: 16489: 16484: 16483: 16482: 16472: 16467: 16466: 16465: 16455: 16450: 16445: 16440: 16435: 16430: 16425: 16420: 16415: 16409: 16407: 16400: 16392: 16391: 16388: 16387: 16385: 16384: 16383: 16382: 16381: 16380: 16375: 16370: 16360: 16355: 16345: 16344: 16343: 16336:United Kingdom 16333: 16328: 16323: 16318: 16313: 16308: 16303: 16298: 16292: 16290: 16284: 16283: 16281: 16280: 16273: 16268: 16263: 16257: 16255: 16251: 16250: 16248: 16247: 16242: 16237: 16236: 16235: 16225: 16220: 16214: 16212: 16205: 16199: 16198: 16191: 16190: 16183: 16176: 16168: 16159: 16158: 16156: 16155: 16150: 16145: 16140: 16135: 16130: 16125: 16120: 16115: 16110: 16105: 16099: 16097: 16093: 16092: 16089: 16088: 16086: 16085: 16080: 16075: 16070: 16068:Plurisexuality 16065: 16060: 16055: 16050: 16045: 16040: 16035: 16029: 16027: 16023: 16022: 16020: 16019: 16014: 16009: 16004: 15999: 15997:Sociosexuality 15993: 15991: 15990:Social aspects 15987: 15986: 15984: 15983: 15978: 15973: 15968: 15963: 15958: 15953: 15948: 15943: 15938: 15936:Heteroflexible 15933: 15932: 15931: 15921: 15916: 15911: 15906: 15901: 15896: 15890: 15888: 15884: 15883: 15881: 15880: 15875: 15870: 15865: 15859: 15857: 15848: 15838: 15837: 15834: 15833: 15831: 15830: 15825: 15820: 15818:Vakasalewalewa 15815: 15810: 15805: 15800: 15795: 15790: 15785: 15780: 15775: 15770: 15765: 15760: 15755: 15750: 15745: 15740: 15735: 15730: 15725: 15720: 15715: 15710: 15709: 15708: 15698: 15693: 15688: 15687: 15686: 15683: 15680: 15672: 15667: 15662: 15657: 15651: 15649: 15641: 15640: 15638: 15637: 15632: 15631: 15630: 15625: 15620: 15610: 15605: 15604: 15603: 15593: 15588: 15583: 15578: 15573: 15568: 15563: 15558: 15553: 15548: 15543: 15538: 15533: 15528: 15523: 15517: 15515: 15506: 15498: 15497: 15485: 15484: 15477: 15470: 15462: 15453: 15452: 15450: 15449: 15439: 15429: 15427:Discrimination 15418: 15415: 15414: 15412: 15411: 15406: 15401: 15395: 15393: 15389: 15388: 15385: 15384: 15382: 15381: 15376: 15370: 15368: 15364: 15363: 15361: 15360: 15355: 15349: 15347: 15340: 15336: 15335: 15332: 15331: 15328: 15327: 15325: 15324: 15319: 15314: 15309: 15303: 15301: 15297: 15296: 15294: 15293: 15291:Gender pay gap 15287: 15285: 15278: 15274: 15273: 15271: 15270: 15265: 15260: 15255: 15250: 15245: 15239: 15237: 15230: 15222: 15221: 15219: 15218: 15213: 15208: 15203: 15198: 15193: 15188: 15183: 15178: 15176:Gender paradox 15173: 15172: 15171: 15166: 15161: 15156: 15151: 15146: 15136: 15131: 15126: 15118: 15116: 15108: 15107: 15105: 15104: 15099: 15094: 15089: 15084: 15079: 15074: 15069: 15063: 15058: 15053: 15047: 15045: 15041: 15040: 15033: 15031: 15029: 15028: 15023: 15018: 15016:Gender studies 15012: 15010: 15006: 15005: 15002:Gender studies 14998: 14997: 14990: 14983: 14975: 14969: 14968: 14956: 14950: 14942: 14941:External links 14939: 14935: 14934: 14932:, p. 291. 14922: 14915: 14897: 14888: 14874: 14849: 14838:(1): 459–487. 14822: 14799: 14780:(3): 471–484. 14764: 14754: 14745: 14736: 14724: 14715: 14700: 14682: 14675: 14657: 14622: 14603: 14587: 14578: 14531: 14514: 14497: 14471: 14464: 14444: 14437: 14417: 14372: 14355: 14331: 14314: 14290: 14272: 14266:. p. 82. 14245: 14224:(6): 1827–32. 14197: 14154: 14105: 14093: 14075: 14066:|journal= 14040: 14020: 13996: 13983: 13953: 13936: 13919: 13902: 13888: 13855: 13822: 13792: 13763: 13752:. 3 March 2004 13734: 13705: 13686: 13663: 13661: 13660: 13631: 13625: 13610: 13604: 13587: 13581: 13566: 13560: 13554:. p. 41. 13538: 13516: 13510: 13482: 13476: 13455: 13420: 13409: 13385: 13375: 13349: 13339: 13320: 13307:10.2307/797140 13281: 13269:New York Times 13253: 13226: 13181: 13172: 13137: 13124:10.1086/506286 13118:(4): 666–674. 13102: 13083:(3): 503–525. 13067: 13048: 13029:(4): 326–343. 13013: 12959: 12924: 12905:(1): 119–147. 12886: 12857: 12846:"Culture Wars" 12837: 12810: 12790: 12783: 12763: 12728: 12702: 12676: 12641: 12606: 12587:(2): 432–448. 12571: 12544:(3): 226–236. 12524: 12465: 12439: 12412: 12393:(2): 141–142. 12377: 12350:(2): 179–180. 12334: 12285: 12266:(2): 269–290. 12246: 12227:(3): 160–172. 12207: 12182: 12167: 12148:(3): 290–298. 12128: 12102:(6): 765–784. 12074: 12012: 11977: 11963: 11943: 11888: 11831: 11812:(2): 155–166. 11792: 11773:(4): 462–495. 11753: 11744:|journal= 11704: 11673: 11638:(4): 465–483. 11618: 11590: 11578: 11559:(2): 142–164. 11539: 11518:10.2307/353719 11512:(3): 585–595. 11492: 11458: 11439:(2): 261–279. 11419: 11400: 11361: 11342:(3): 231–236. 11322: 11311:(2): 223–242. 11291: 11260: 11218: 11199:(1): 121–137. 11170: 11159:(3): 331–342. 11136: 11109:(4): 536–557. 11089: 11070: 11031: 11016: 10977: 10946: 10935:(2): 136–144. 10915: 10896:Sustainability 10879: 10860: 10849:(2): 151–170. 10829: 10814: 10795:(5): 625–636. 10768: 10749: 10730: 10717:10.2307/795228 10711:(5): 871–985. 10691: 10672:(4): 473–497. 10656: 10624: 10605: 10570: 10563:Ahl H (2004). 10555: 10540: 10529:(1): 487–513. 10513: 10500:10.1086/230727 10494:(2): 329–365. 10478: 10445: 10426:(3): 171–181. 10405: 10374: 10355: 10336: 10322:2027.42/146421 10307:(4): 743–762. 10291: 10264: 10249: 10230:(4): 393–398. 10214: 10195:(4): 657–674. 10179: 10160:(4): 702–728. 10144: 10112: 10060: 10023: 9962: 9932:(5): 797–811. 9911: 9900:(4): 518–527. 9882: 9853: 9822: 9785: 9756:(3): 766–779. 9735: 9698: 9680: 9665: 9621:(6): 878–902. 9593: 9586: 9563: 9535: 9524:(2): 225–230. 9497: 9486:(4): 455–480. 9470: 9443: 9424:(4): 295–319. 9408: 9379:(3): 242–273. 9363: 9353: 9344: 9335: 9326: 9307: 9298: 9289: 9263: 9228:(3): 210–216. 9208: 9199: 9186: 9179: 9162: 9132: 9123: 9088: 9052: 9010: 8958: 8949: 8914: 8888: 8863: 8837: 8804: 8778: 8759:(1–4): 39–55. 8743: 8724: 8705: 8686:(2): 193–245. 8670: 8651:(1–2): 36–49. 8635: 8624:(4): 737–755. 8608: 8589:(6): 735–757. 8573: 8554:(5): 658–682. 8538: 8519:(3): 150–162. 8503: 8490:10.2307/353814 8468: 8455: 8448: 8417: 8399: 8378: 8369: 8346: 8308: 8290: 8248: 8239: 8230: 8205: 8180: 8157:Offenhauer P. 8149: 8120:(5): 352–356. 8100: 8093: 8061: 8022: 7996: 7986: 7949: 7940: 7931: 7922: 7915: 7897: 7886: 7868: 7861: 7832: 7821:(3): 416–438. 7802: 7761: 7754: 7748:. p. 13. 7730: 7723: 7699: 7684: 7660: 7625: 7586: 7546: 7539: 7512: 7505: 7478: 7471: 7444: 7415:(2): 159–176. 7395: 7384:(2): 178–179. 7368: 7330: 7314:"Doing Gender" 7304: 7285:(3): 298–304. 7269: 7256: 7234: 7200: 7183: 7168: 7142: 7107: 7080: 7053: 7041: 7032: 7023: 6986: 6977: 6950:(2): 125–151. 6940:"Doing Gender" 6930: 6918: 6893: 6884: 6871: 6854: 6847: 6829: 6802:(5): 699–727. 6786: 6779: 6761: 6752: 6745: 6725: 6716: 6693: 6634: 6615:(5): 565–569. 6599: 6580:(3): 169–087. 6564: 6526: 6495: 6448: 6441: 6413: 6400: 6393: 6375: 6342: 6307: 6272: 6253:(3): 169–187. 6237: 6223: 6203: 6185: 6161: 6144: 6120: 6103: 6083: 6060: 5993: 5974:(1): 196–211. 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5884: 5883: 5882: 5868: 5854: 5838: 5835: 5829: 5826: 5809:Main article: 5806: 5803: 5725: 5724: 5722: 5721: 5714: 5707: 5699: 5696: 5695: 5684: 5683: 5680: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5617:Gender studies 5614: 5608: 5605: 5604: 5601: 5600: 5597: 5596: 5595: 5594: 5584: 5583: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5546: 5545: 5540: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5521: 5520: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5489: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5447: 5446: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5420: 5419: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5393: 5390: 5389: 5386: 5385: 5382: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5339:Cisnormativity 5336: 5331: 5326: 5320: 5315: 5314: 5311: 5310: 5307: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5267: 5262: 5261: 5258: 5257: 5254: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5202: 5197: 5196: 5193: 5192: 5189: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5172: 5171: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5130: 5129: 5124: 5114: 5113: 5112: 5102: 5101: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5080: 5075: 5074: 5073: 5071:Largest events 5068: 5058: 5053: 5052: 5051: 5041: 5036: 5030: 5025: 5024: 5021: 5020: 5015: 5014: 5012: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4985: 4982: 4981: 4977: 4976: 4974: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4961:Gay liberation 4958: 4953: 4948: 4947: 4946: 4935: 4932: 4931: 4925: 4920: 4919: 4916: 4915: 4912: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4870: 4869: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4808: 4807: 4797: 4792: 4791: 4790: 4780: 4774: 4765: 4764: 4761: 4760: 4758: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4731: 4728: 4727: 4706: 4705: 4699: 4698: 4670:Main article: 4667: 4664: 4605: 4604: 4601: 4598: 4559:Camille Cabral 4541: 4538: 4519:Main article: 4516: 4513: 4505:Warren Farrell 4445:discrimination 4437:men's movement 4412:Main article: 4409: 4406: 4299:Women's rights 4291:Main article: 4288: 4285: 4248:elected office 4243: 4240: 4220:women's rights 4199:, traditional 4197:fundamentalism 4185:women's rights 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4125: 4122: 4113:advertisements 4048: 4047: 4006: 4004: 3997: 3990: 3989: 3948: 3946: 3939: 3933: 3930: 3918:women in media 3885: 3882: 3822: 3819: 3768: 3765: 3749:gender marking 3706: 3703: 3670:women of color 3663:gender pay gap 3595: 3592: 3505:Carol Gilligan 3501:Virginia Woolf 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3399: 3396: 3363: 3360: 3346: 3343: 3312: 3309: 3281: 3280: 3277: 3274: 3260: 3259: 3217: 3215: 3208: 3201:Gender Studies 3196: 3193: 3097: 3096: 3087: 3086: 3078: 3077: 3076: 3067: 3066: 3058: 3057: 3056: 3055: 3054: 3052: 3051:Changing roles 3049: 3039: 3036: 3030: 3027: 3002: 2999: 2971: 2968: 2937:Main article: 2934: 2931: 2853:Main article: 2850: 2847: 2768:Roman Catholic 2728:Main article: 2725: 2722: 2714:Main article: 2711: 2708: 2704:social control 2638: 2635: 2539:Main article: 2536: 2533: 2521: 2518: 2474: 2471: 2447:Geert Hofstede 2427: 2426:Geert Hofstede 2424: 2420:interactionist 2414: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2403: 2402: 2395: 2392: 2386: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2375: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2362: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2349: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2330:nuclear family 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2304:Undoing Gender 2298:Gender Trouble 2283:Andrew Cherlin 2223:Main article: 2220: 2217: 2111: 2108: 2089:human behavior 2048: 2047: 2045: 2044: 2037: 2030: 2022: 2019: 2018: 2012: 2011: 2006: 2005: 2004: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1983: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1937: 1936: 1935: 1933:Reverse racism 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1903:Prisoner abuse 1900: 1895: 1893:Power distance 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1859: 1858: 1848: 1843: 1838: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1811:Ethnic penalty 1808: 1807: 1806: 1804:Neurodiversity 1801: 1791: 1789:Dehumanization 1786: 1781: 1779:Cisnormativity 1776: 1771: 1766: 1760: 1759: 1758: 1757: 1755:Related topics 1754: 1753: 1750: 1749: 1743: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1671: 1670: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1635: 1629: 1628: 1627: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1619: 1618: 1612: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1599:State religion 1596: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1580: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1564: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1538: 1537: 1535:Nuremberg Laws 1532: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1504: 1499: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1477:Ghetto benches 1474: 1472:Gerrymandering 1469: 1464: 1461: 1459:Gender pay gap 1456: 1455: 1454: 1449: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1418: 1417: 1416: 1415: 1412: 1411: 1408: 1407: 1401: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1284: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1236:Lavender scare 1233: 1231:Kill Haole Day 1228: 1226:Indian rolling 1223: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1202: 1201: 1191: 1186: 1185: 1184: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1112:Eliminationism 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1047:Cancel culture 1044: 1039: 1034: 1033: 1032: 1021: 1020: 1019: 1018: 1016:Manifestations 1015: 1014: 1011: 1010: 1004: 1003: 998: 993: 988: 983: 978: 973: 968: 963: 958: 953: 948: 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 896:Middle Eastern 893: 888: 883: 878: 873: 868: 863: 862: 861: 851: 846: 841: 836: 835: 834: 829: 824: 816: 811: 806: 801: 796: 791: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 730: 729: 724: 719: 709: 704: 699: 698: 697: 692: 687: 677: 672: 667: 662: 657: 652: 646: 645: 644: 643: 637: 636: 633: 632: 626: 625: 623:Zoroastrianism 620: 615: 610: 605: 600: 599: 598: 588: 587: 586: 585: 584: 579: 574: 569: 564: 549: 548: 547: 545:Untouchability 542: 532: 527: 526: 525: 520: 515: 510: 505: 495: 490: 485: 480: 474: 473: 472: 471: 466: 465: 462: 461: 455: 454: 449: 444: 443: 442: 437: 432: 422: 421: 420: 415: 405: 400: 395: 390: 385: 380: 375: 370: 365: 360: 358:Leprosy stigma 355: 350: 345: 340: 335: 330: 325: 320: 315: 310: 305: 300: 295: 290: 285: 280: 275: 270: 265: 260: 255: 250: 245: 240: 235: 230: 224: 223: 222: 221: 218: 217: 214: 213: 207: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 181: 176: 175: 174: 169: 159: 154: 149: 144: 139: 134: 129: 124: 119: 114: 109: 103: 102: 101: 100: 97: 96: 93: 92: 86: 85: 80: 75: 70: 64: 63: 62: 61: 58: 57: 54: 53: 45: 44: 42:Discrimination 38: 37: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 21375: 21364: 21361: 21359: 21356: 21354: 21351: 21349: 21346: 21344: 21341: 21339: 21336: 21334: 21331: 21330: 21328: 21308: 21304: 21298: 21294: 21284: 21276: 21274: 21266: 21265: 21262: 21256: 21253: 21249: 21246: 21245: 21244: 21241: 21239: 21236: 21234: 21233:Social stigma 21231: 21227: 21224: 21222: 21219: 21217: 21214: 21213: 21212: 21209: 21207: 21204: 21202: 21199: 21197: 21194: 21192: 21189: 21187: 21184: 21180: 21177: 21176: 21175: 21172: 21170: 21167: 21165: 21162: 21160: 21157: 21155: 21152: 21150: 21147: 21145: 21142: 21140: 21137: 21135: 21132: 21130: 21127: 21125: 21122: 21120: 21117: 21115: 21112: 21110: 21107: 21103: 21100: 21099: 21098: 21095: 21093: 21090: 21088: 21085: 21083: 21080: 21078: 21075: 21073: 21070: 21068: 21065: 21063: 21060: 21058: 21055: 21051: 21048: 21046: 21043: 21042: 21041: 21038: 21036: 21033: 21031: 21028: 21026: 21023: 21021: 21018: 21016: 21013: 21011: 21008: 21007: 21005: 21001: 20995: 20992: 20990: 20987: 20985: 20982: 20980: 20977: 20975: 20972: 20970: 20967: 20965: 20962: 20960: 20957: 20955: 20952: 20950: 20947: 20945: 20942: 20940: 20937: 20935: 20932: 20930: 20927: 20923: 20920: 20919: 20918: 20915: 20913: 20910: 20908: 20905: 20903: 20900: 20898: 20895: 20893: 20890: 20888: 20885: 20884: 20882: 20878: 20872: 20869: 20867: 20864: 20862: 20859: 20857: 20856:State atheism 20854: 20852: 20849: 20847: 20844: 20840: 20837: 20835: 20832: 20830: 20827: 20825: 20822: 20821: 20820: 20817: 20815: 20812: 20810: 20807: 20805: 20802: 20798: 20795: 20793: 20792:Jim Crow laws 20790: 20789: 20788: 20785: 20783: 20780: 20778: 20777:One-drop rule 20775: 20773: 20771: 20767: 20765: 20762: 20760: 20757: 20755: 20752: 20750: 20747: 20745: 20742: 20740: 20737: 20735: 20732: 20730: 20727: 20725: 20722: 20720: 20717: 20713: 20710: 20708: 20705: 20704: 20703: 20700: 20698: 20695: 20693: 20692:Blood quantum 20690: 20688: 20685: 20683: 20680: 20679: 20677: 20671: 20665: 20662: 20660: 20657: 20655: 20652: 20650: 20647: 20645: 20642: 20640: 20639:Victimisation 20637: 20635: 20634:Trans bashing 20632: 20630: 20627: 20625: 20622: 20620: 20617: 20615: 20612: 20610: 20607: 20605: 20604:Religious war 20602: 20600: 20597: 20595: 20592: 20590: 20587: 20585: 20584:Racialization 20582: 20580: 20577: 20575: 20572: 20570: 20567: 20565: 20562: 20560: 20557: 20555: 20552: 20548: 20545: 20543: 20540: 20538: 20535: 20534: 20533: 20530: 20528: 20525: 20523: 20520: 20518: 20515: 20513: 20510: 20508: 20505: 20503: 20500: 20498: 20495: 20493: 20490: 20488: 20485: 20483: 20480: 20478: 20475: 20473: 20470: 20466: 20463: 20462: 20461: 20458: 20456: 20455:Glass ceiling 20453: 20449: 20446: 20445: 20444: 20441: 20439: 20436: 20434: 20431: 20429: 20426: 20424: 20421: 20419: 20416: 20414: 20411: 20409: 20406: 20404: 20401: 20399: 20398:Ethnic hatred 20396: 20394: 20391: 20389: 20386: 20384: 20381: 20379: 20376: 20374: 20371: 20369: 20366: 20364: 20361: 20359: 20356: 20354: 20351: 20349: 20346: 20344: 20341: 20339: 20336: 20334: 20333:Counter-jihad 20331: 20329: 20326: 20324: 20321: 20319: 20316: 20314: 20311: 20309: 20306: 20304: 20301: 20297: 20294: 20293: 20292: 20289: 20288: 20286: 20282: 20276: 20273: 20271: 20268: 20266: 20263: 20261: 20258: 20256: 20253: 20251: 20248: 20246: 20243: 20241: 20238: 20236: 20233: 20231: 20228: 20226: 20223: 20221: 20218: 20216: 20213: 20211: 20208: 20206: 20203: 20201: 20198: 20196: 20193: 20191: 20188: 20186: 20183: 20181: 20178: 20176: 20173: 20171: 20168: 20166: 20163: 20161: 20158: 20156: 20153: 20151: 20148: 20146: 20143: 20141: 20138: 20134: 20131: 20130: 20129: 20126: 20124: 20121: 20119: 20116: 20114: 20111: 20107: 20106:United States 20104: 20102: 20099: 20097: 20094: 20093: 20091: 20089: 20086: 20084: 20081: 20079: 20076: 20074: 20071: 20069: 20066: 20064: 20061: 20059: 20056: 20054: 20051: 20049: 20046: 20044: 20041: 20039: 20036: 20034: 20031: 20029: 20026: 20024: 20021: 20019: 20016: 20014: 20011: 20009: 20006: 20002: 19999: 19997: 19994: 19992: 19989: 19988: 19987: 19984: 19982: 19979: 19977: 19974: 19970: 19969:United States 19967: 19965: 19962: 19960: 19957: 19956: 19955: 19952: 19950: 19947: 19945: 19942: 19940: 19937: 19935: 19932: 19930: 19927: 19925: 19922: 19921: 19919: 19917: 19912: 19906: 19903: 19901: 19898: 19896: 19893: 19891: 19890:Protestantism 19888: 19886: 19883: 19879: 19876: 19875: 19874: 19871: 19865: 19862: 19860: 19857: 19855: 19852: 19850: 19847: 19845: 19842: 19841: 19840: 19837: 19836: 19835: 19832: 19828: 19825: 19823: 19820: 19819: 19818: 19815: 19813: 19810: 19806: 19803: 19801: 19800:LDS or Mormon 19798: 19796: 19793: 19791: 19788: 19786: 19783: 19782: 19781: 19778: 19776: 19773: 19771: 19768: 19766: 19763: 19761: 19758: 19757: 19755: 19753: 19749: 19743: 19740: 19738: 19735: 19731: 19728: 19726: 19725:Transmisogyny 19723: 19721: 19718: 19717: 19716: 19713: 19709: 19706: 19704: 19701: 19700: 19699: 19696: 19694: 19691: 19689: 19686: 19684: 19681: 19679: 19676: 19674: 19671: 19669: 19666: 19664: 19661: 19659: 19656: 19654: 19651: 19649: 19646: 19644: 19641: 19639: 19636: 19634: 19631: 19629: 19628:Gerontophobia 19626: 19624: 19621: 19619: 19616: 19614: 19611: 19609: 19606: 19604: 19601: 19599: 19596: 19594: 19591: 19589: 19586: 19584: 19581: 19579: 19576: 19574: 19571: 19569: 19566: 19564: 19561: 19559: 19558:Anti-intersex 19556: 19554: 19551: 19549: 19546: 19544: 19541: 19539: 19536: 19534: 19533:Anti-albinism 19531: 19529: 19526: 19524: 19521: 19519: 19516: 19515: 19513: 19509: 19503: 19500: 19498: 19495: 19493: 19490: 19488: 19485: 19483: 19480: 19478: 19475: 19471: 19468: 19466: 19463: 19462: 19461: 19458: 19456: 19453: 19451: 19448: 19446: 19443: 19441: 19438: 19436: 19433: 19431: 19428: 19426: 19423: 19421: 19418: 19416: 19413: 19411: 19408: 19406: 19403: 19402: 19400: 19396: 19390: 19387: 19385: 19382: 19380: 19377: 19375: 19374:Institutional 19372: 19371: 19369: 19365: 19361: 19354: 19349: 19347: 19342: 19340: 19335: 19334: 19331: 19319: 19318: 19312: 19308: 19306: 19305: 19299: 19295: 19293: 19292: 19282: 19280: 19279: 19275: 19274: 19271: 19261: 19258: 19256: 19253: 19251: 19248: 19246: 19245:Neo-Darwinism 19243: 19241: 19238: 19236: 19233: 19231: 19230:Functionalism 19228: 19224: 19221: 19219: 19216: 19214: 19211: 19209: 19206: 19204: 19201: 19199: 19196: 19194: 19191: 19189: 19188:Connectionism 19186: 19184: 19181: 19180: 19179: 19178:indeterminism 19175: 19172: 19170: 19167: 19166: 19164: 19160: 19152: 19149: 19147: 19144: 19142: 19139: 19137: 19134: 19132: 19129: 19127: 19124: 19122: 19119: 19117: 19114: 19112: 19109: 19107: 19104: 19102: 19099: 19097: 19094: 19092: 19089: 19087: 19084: 19083: 19082: 19079: 19077: 19074: 19072: 19069: 19067: 19064: 19062: 19059: 19057: 19054: 19052: 19049: 19048: 19046: 19042: 19036: 19033: 19031: 19028: 19026: 19023: 19021: 19018: 19016: 19013: 19011: 19008: 19006: 19003: 19001: 18998: 18996: 18993: 18991: 18988: 18986: 18983: 18981: 18978: 18976: 18973: 18971: 18967: 18963: 18959: 18956: 18954: 18950: 18947: 18945: 18941: 18938: 18937: 18935: 18931: 18928: 18924: 18914: 18911: 18909: 18906: 18904: 18901: 18899: 18898:Schizophrenia 18896: 18894: 18891: 18889: 18886: 18884: 18883:Mental health 18881: 18879: 18876: 18874: 18871: 18869: 18866: 18864: 18861: 18859: 18856: 18854: 18851: 18849: 18846: 18844: 18841: 18839: 18836: 18834: 18831: 18830: 18828: 18826: 18822: 18816: 18813: 18811: 18808: 18806: 18802: 18798: 18795: 18793: 18789: 18786: 18784: 18781: 18779: 18776: 18774: 18771: 18769: 18766: 18764: 18761: 18759: 18758:Mate guarding 18756: 18754: 18751: 18749: 18746: 18744: 18741: 18739: 18736: 18734: 18731: 18729: 18726: 18724: 18721: 18719: 18718:Age disparity 18716: 18714: 18711: 18709: 18706: 18705: 18703: 18701: 18697: 18689: 18686: 18684: 18681: 18679: 18676: 18674: 18671: 18670: 18669: 18666: 18664: 18661: 18659: 18656: 18654: 18651: 18649: 18648:Schizophrenia 18646: 18644: 18641: 18639: 18636: 18634: 18631: 18629: 18626: 18624: 18621: 18619: 18616: 18614: 18611: 18607: 18604: 18602: 18599: 18597: 18594: 18592: 18589: 18587: 18584: 18583: 18582: 18579: 18578: 18576: 18574: 18573:Mental health 18569: 18568:Human factors 18565: 18559: 18558:Socialization 18556: 18554: 18551: 18549: 18546: 18544: 18541: 18539: 18536: 18534: 18531: 18529: 18526: 18524: 18521: 18519: 18518:paternal bond 18515: 18511: 18508: 18506: 18503: 18501: 18498: 18497: 18495: 18493: 18489: 18483: 18480: 18476: 18473: 18472: 18471: 18468: 18464: 18461: 18460: 18459: 18456: 18452: 18449: 18447: 18444: 18442: 18439: 18438: 18437: 18434: 18432: 18429: 18425: 18422: 18421: 18420: 18417: 18413: 18410: 18408: 18405: 18404: 18403: 18400: 18399: 18397: 18395: 18391: 18383: 18382:Naïve physics 18380: 18378: 18375: 18373: 18370: 18369: 18368: 18365: 18363: 18360: 18358: 18355: 18353: 18349: 18348:Motor control 18346: 18342: 18339: 18337: 18334: 18333: 18332: 18329: 18327: 18323: 18320: 18318: 18314: 18311: 18307: 18306:Ophidiophobia 18304: 18302: 18299: 18297: 18296:Arachnophobia 18294: 18293: 18292: 18289: 18287: 18284: 18282: 18279: 18277: 18274: 18270: 18267: 18265: 18262: 18260: 18257: 18255: 18252: 18250: 18247: 18246: 18245: 18241: 18238: 18236: 18233: 18229: 18226: 18224: 18223:Display rules 18221: 18219: 18216: 18215: 18214: 18211: 18210: 18208: 18206: 18201: 18197: 18194: 18190: 18184: 18181: 18177: 18174: 18172: 18169: 18167: 18163: 18160: 18158: 18155: 18154: 18153: 18150: 18146: 18143: 18142: 18141: 18138: 18136: 18133: 18131: 18128: 18126: 18125:Kin selection 18123: 18119: 18116: 18115: 18114: 18111: 18109: 18106: 18104: 18101: 18099: 18096: 18094: 18091: 18087: 18084: 18082: 18079: 18077: 18074: 18073: 18072: 18069: 18067: 18064: 18063: 18061: 18059: 18053: 18047: 18044: 18040: 18037: 18035: 18032: 18030: 18027: 18025: 18022: 18020: 18019:Adaptationism 18017: 18016: 18015: 18012: 18008: 18005: 18004: 18003: 18000: 17999: 17996: 17992: 17985: 17980: 17978: 17973: 17971: 17966: 17965: 17962: 17950: 17942: 17940: 17932: 17930: 17929: 17918: 17917: 17914: 17904: 17901: 17898: 17897: 17893: 17891: 17888: 17886: 17883: 17879: 17876: 17874: 17871: 17870: 17869: 17866: 17864: 17861: 17860: 17858: 17854: 17849: 17846: 17844: 17841: 17839: 17836: 17834: 17831: 17829: 17826: 17824: 17821: 17819: 17816: 17814: 17811: 17809: 17806: 17804: 17801: 17799: 17797: 17793: 17790: 17786: 17776: 17773: 17772: 17771: 17770:United States 17768: 17766: 17763: 17761: 17758: 17756: 17753: 17751: 17748: 17746: 17743: 17741: 17738: 17736: 17733: 17731: 17728: 17726: 17723: 17721: 17718: 17716: 17713: 17711: 17708: 17706: 17703: 17701: 17698: 17696: 17693: 17691: 17688: 17686: 17683: 17681: 17678: 17676: 17673: 17671: 17668: 17666: 17663: 17659: 17656: 17654: 17651: 17649: 17646: 17644: 17641: 17639: 17636: 17634: 17631: 17629: 17626: 17624: 17621: 17620: 17619: 17618:Latin America 17616: 17614: 17611: 17609: 17606: 17604: 17601: 17599: 17596: 17594: 17591: 17589: 17586: 17584: 17581: 17579: 17576: 17574: 17571: 17569: 17566: 17564: 17561: 17559: 17556: 17554: 17551: 17549: 17546: 17544: 17541: 17539: 17536: 17534: 17531: 17529: 17526: 17524: 17521: 17517: 17514: 17512: 17509: 17507: 17504: 17502: 17499: 17497: 17494: 17492: 17489: 17487: 17484: 17482: 17479: 17478: 17477: 17474: 17473: 17469: 17465: 17459: 17456: 17454: 17451: 17449: 17448:Technoscience 17446: 17444: 17441: 17439: 17436: 17434: 17431: 17429: 17426: 17422: 17419: 17418: 17417: 17414: 17412: 17409: 17405: 17402: 17400: 17397: 17395: 17392: 17388: 17385: 17384: 17383: 17380: 17378: 17375: 17373: 17370: 17368: 17365: 17364: 17363: 17360: 17358: 17355: 17353: 17350: 17346: 17343: 17342: 17341: 17338: 17336: 17333: 17331: 17328: 17326: 17323: 17321: 17318: 17316: 17313: 17309: 17306: 17304: 17301: 17299: 17298:Art criticism 17296: 17295: 17294: 17291: 17289: 17286: 17284: 17281: 17279: 17276: 17274: 17271: 17267: 17264: 17262: 17259: 17258: 17257: 17254: 17252: 17249: 17247: 17244: 17242: 17239: 17237: 17234: 17232: 17229: 17227: 17224: 17222: 17219: 17217: 17214: 17212: 17211:Men's studies 17209: 17207: 17204: 17202: 17199: 17198: 17196: 17193: 17191: 17188: 17186: 17183: 17181: 17178: 17176: 17174: 17170: 17162: 17159: 17157: 17154: 17152: 17147: 17145: 17142: 17140: 17137: 17135: 17132: 17130: 17127: 17125: 17122: 17120: 17119:Transmisogyny 17117: 17115: 17112: 17110: 17107: 17105: 17102: 17100: 17097: 17095: 17092: 17090: 17087: 17085: 17082: 17080: 17079:Purplewashing 17077: 17075: 17074:Protofeminism 17072: 17070: 17067: 17065: 17062: 17060: 17057: 17055: 17052: 17050: 17047: 17045: 17042: 17040: 17037: 17035: 17032: 17030: 17027: 17025: 17022: 17020: 17017: 17015: 17012: 17010: 17006: 17002: 17000: 16997: 16995: 16992: 16990: 16987: 16985: 16984:Honor killing 16982: 16980: 16977: 16975: 16972: 16970: 16967: 16965: 16962: 16960: 16957: 16953: 16950: 16948: 16945: 16943: 16940: 16939: 16938: 16935: 16933: 16930: 16928: 16925: 16923: 16920: 16918: 16915: 16913: 16910: 16908: 16905: 16903: 16900: 16898: 16895: 16893: 16890: 16888: 16885: 16881: 16878: 16877: 16876: 16873: 16871: 16868: 16866: 16863: 16862: 16858: 16854: 16845: 16842: 16840: 16837: 16833: 16830: 16829: 16828: 16825: 16821: 16818: 16816: 16813: 16811: 16808: 16807: 16806: 16803: 16801: 16798: 16796: 16793: 16791: 16787: 16779: 16776: 16772: 16769: 16768: 16767: 16764: 16762: 16759: 16757: 16754: 16750: 16747: 16745: 16742: 16740: 16737: 16736: 16735: 16732: 16728: 16725: 16723: 16720: 16718: 16715: 16713: 16710: 16709: 16708: 16705: 16703: 16700: 16698: 16695: 16694: 16690: 16688: 16684: 16678: 16675: 16671: 16668: 16667: 16666: 16663: 16661: 16658: 16656: 16655:Transnational 16653: 16651: 16648: 16646: 16643: 16641: 16638: 16634: 16631: 16630: 16629: 16626: 16624: 16621: 16619: 16616: 16614: 16611: 16609: 16606: 16604: 16601: 16597: 16594: 16593: 16592: 16589: 16587: 16584: 16582: 16579: 16577: 16574: 16572: 16569: 16567: 16564: 16562: 16559: 16557: 16554: 16552: 16549: 16545: 16542: 16541: 16540: 16537: 16535: 16532: 16530: 16527: 16525: 16524:Individualist 16522: 16518: 16515: 16514: 16513: 16510: 16508: 16505: 16503: 16500: 16498: 16495: 16493: 16490: 16488: 16485: 16481: 16478: 16477: 16476: 16473: 16471: 16468: 16464: 16461: 16460: 16459: 16456: 16454: 16451: 16449: 16446: 16444: 16441: 16439: 16436: 16434: 16431: 16429: 16426: 16424: 16423:Anti-abortion 16421: 16419: 16416: 16414: 16411: 16410: 16408: 16404: 16401: 16399: 16393: 16379: 16376: 16374: 16371: 16369: 16366: 16365: 16364: 16361: 16359: 16356: 16354: 16351: 16350: 16349: 16348:United States 16346: 16342: 16339: 16338: 16337: 16334: 16332: 16329: 16327: 16324: 16322: 16319: 16317: 16314: 16312: 16309: 16307: 16304: 16302: 16299: 16297: 16294: 16293: 16291: 16289: 16285: 16278: 16274: 16272: 16269: 16267: 16264: 16262: 16259: 16258: 16256: 16252: 16246: 16243: 16241: 16238: 16234: 16231: 16230: 16229: 16226: 16224: 16221: 16219: 16216: 16215: 16213: 16209: 16206: 16204: 16200: 16196: 16189: 16184: 16182: 16177: 16175: 16170: 16169: 16166: 16154: 16151: 16149: 16146: 16144: 16141: 16139: 16136: 16134: 16131: 16129: 16126: 16124: 16121: 16119: 16116: 16114: 16111: 16109: 16106: 16104: 16101: 16100: 16098: 16094: 16084: 16081: 16079: 16076: 16074: 16073:Postgenderism 16071: 16069: 16066: 16064: 16063:Monosexuality 16061: 16059: 16056: 16054: 16051: 16049: 16046: 16044: 16041: 16039: 16036: 16034: 16033:Allosexuality 16031: 16030: 16028: 16024: 16018: 16015: 16013: 16012:Homosociality 16010: 16008: 16005: 16003: 16002:Antisexuality 16000: 15998: 15995: 15994: 15992: 15988: 15982: 15979: 15977: 15974: 15972: 15969: 15967: 15964: 15962: 15959: 15957: 15954: 15952: 15949: 15947: 15944: 15942: 15939: 15937: 15934: 15930: 15927: 15926: 15925: 15922: 15920: 15917: 15915: 15912: 15910: 15907: 15905: 15902: 15900: 15897: 15895: 15892: 15891: 15889: 15885: 15879: 15876: 15874: 15871: 15869: 15866: 15864: 15861: 15860: 15858: 15856: 15852: 15849: 15847: 15839: 15829: 15826: 15824: 15821: 15819: 15816: 15814: 15811: 15809: 15806: 15804: 15801: 15799: 15796: 15794: 15791: 15789: 15786: 15784: 15781: 15779: 15776: 15774: 15771: 15769: 15766: 15764: 15761: 15759: 15756: 15754: 15751: 15749: 15746: 15744: 15741: 15739: 15736: 15734: 15731: 15729: 15726: 15724: 15721: 15719: 15716: 15714: 15711: 15707: 15704: 15703: 15702: 15699: 15697: 15694: 15692: 15689: 15684: 15681: 15678: 15677: 15676: 15675:Bugis genders 15673: 15671: 15668: 15666: 15663: 15661: 15658: 15656: 15653: 15652: 15650: 15646: 15645:Third genders 15642: 15636: 15633: 15629: 15626: 15624: 15621: 15619: 15616: 15615: 15614: 15611: 15609: 15606: 15602: 15599: 15598: 15597: 15594: 15592: 15589: 15587: 15584: 15582: 15579: 15577: 15574: 15572: 15569: 15567: 15566:Gender bender 15564: 15562: 15559: 15557: 15556:Cross-dresser 15554: 15552: 15549: 15547: 15544: 15542: 15539: 15537: 15534: 15532: 15529: 15527: 15524: 15522: 15519: 15518: 15516: 15514: 15510: 15507: 15505: 15499: 15494: 15490: 15483: 15478: 15476: 15471: 15469: 15464: 15463: 15460: 15448: 15440: 15438: 15430: 15428: 15420: 15419: 15416: 15410: 15407: 15405: 15402: 15400: 15397: 15396: 15394: 15390: 15380: 15377: 15375: 15372: 15371: 15369: 15365: 15359: 15356: 15354: 15351: 15350: 15348: 15344: 15341: 15337: 15323: 15320: 15318: 15315: 15313: 15310: 15308: 15305: 15304: 15302: 15298: 15292: 15289: 15288: 15286: 15282: 15279: 15275: 15269: 15266: 15264: 15261: 15259: 15256: 15254: 15251: 15249: 15246: 15244: 15241: 15240: 15238: 15234: 15231: 15229: 15223: 15217: 15214: 15212: 15209: 15207: 15204: 15202: 15199: 15197: 15194: 15192: 15189: 15187: 15184: 15182: 15179: 15177: 15174: 15170: 15167: 15165: 15162: 15160: 15157: 15155: 15152: 15150: 15147: 15145: 15142: 15141: 15140: 15137: 15135: 15132: 15130: 15127: 15125: 15124: 15120: 15119: 15117: 15115: 15109: 15103: 15100: 15098: 15095: 15093: 15090: 15088: 15085: 15083: 15082:Gender binary 15080: 15078: 15075: 15073: 15070: 15067: 15064: 15062: 15059: 15057: 15054: 15052: 15049: 15048: 15046: 15042: 15027: 15026:Postgenderism 15024: 15022: 15019: 15017: 15014: 15013: 15011: 15007: 15003: 14996: 14991: 14989: 14984: 14982: 14977: 14976: 14973: 14966: 14965: 14960: 14957: 14954: 14951: 14948: 14945: 14944: 14938: 14931: 14926: 14918: 14912: 14908: 14901: 14892: 14877: 14871: 14867: 14866: 14858: 14856: 14854: 14845: 14841: 14837: 14833: 14826: 14810: 14803: 14795: 14791: 14787: 14783: 14779: 14775: 14768: 14758: 14749: 14740: 14734: 14728: 14719: 14711: 14710:Our Sexuality 14704: 14696: 14689: 14687: 14678: 14672: 14668: 14661: 14653: 14649: 14645: 14641: 14637: 14633: 14626: 14619: 14618: 14613: 14607: 14601: 14600:0-8166-0812-1 14597: 14591: 14582: 14574: 14568: 14549: 14542: 14535: 14528: 14524: 14518: 14511: 14507: 14501: 14485: 14481: 14475: 14467: 14461: 14457: 14456: 14448: 14440: 14434: 14430: 14429: 14421: 14413: 14409: 14404: 14399: 14396:(2): 45–101. 14395: 14391: 14387: 14383: 14376: 14369: 14358: 14352: 14348: 14344: 14343: 14335: 14328: 14317: 14311: 14307: 14303: 14302: 14294: 14287: 14275: 14269: 14265: 14261: 14260: 14252: 14250: 14241: 14237: 14232: 14227: 14223: 14219: 14218: 14213: 14206: 14204: 14202: 14193: 14189: 14185: 14181: 14177: 14173: 14169: 14165: 14158: 14150: 14146: 14141: 14136: 14132: 14128: 14124: 14120: 14116: 14109: 14103: 14097: 14090: 14089: 14084: 14079: 14071: 14059: 14051: 14047: 14043: 14037: 14033: 14032: 14024: 14013: 14006: 14000: 13993: 13987: 13971: 13967: 13963: 13957: 13950: 13946: 13940: 13933: 13932:1-58182-594-3 13929: 13923: 13916: 13912: 13906: 13899: 13898: 13892: 13876: 13872: 13867: 13859: 13843: 13839: 13838: 13833: 13826: 13810: 13806: 13802: 13796: 13781: 13777: 13770: 13768: 13751: 13747: 13741: 13739: 13723:. 17 May 2011 13722: 13718: 13712: 13710: 13702: 13699: 13693: 13689: 13683: 13679: 13678: 13670: 13668: 13657: 13653: 13649: 13645: 13641: 13637: 13632: 13628: 13622: 13618: 13617: 13611: 13607: 13601: 13597: 13593: 13588: 13584: 13578: 13574: 13573: 13567: 13563: 13557: 13553: 13549: 13548: 13543: 13539: 13528: 13527: 13522: 13517: 13513: 13507: 13503: 13499: 13495: 13491: 13487: 13483: 13479: 13473: 13469: 13465: 13461: 13456: 13449: 13445: 13441: 13434: 13429: 13428: 13424: 13417: 13412: 13406: 13402: 13398: 13397: 13389: 13382: 13378: 13372: 13368: 13363: 13362: 13353: 13343: 13337: 13333: 13329: 13324: 13316: 13312: 13308: 13304: 13300: 13296: 13292: 13285: 13270: 13265: 13257: 13241: 13237: 13230: 13221: 13216: 13212: 13208: 13204: 13201:(4): 357–70. 13200: 13196: 13192: 13185: 13176: 13168: 13164: 13160: 13156: 13152: 13148: 13141: 13133: 13129: 13125: 13121: 13117: 13113: 13106: 13098: 13094: 13090: 13086: 13082: 13078: 13071: 13063: 13059: 13052: 13044: 13040: 13036: 13032: 13028: 13024: 13017: 13009: 13003: 12995: 12991: 12986: 12981: 12977: 12973: 12969: 12963: 12955: 12951: 12947: 12943: 12939: 12935: 12928: 12920: 12916: 12912: 12908: 12904: 12900: 12896: 12890: 12883: 12871: 12867: 12861: 12853: 12852: 12847: 12841: 12833: 12821: 12813: 12807: 12803: 12802: 12794: 12786: 12780: 12776: 12775: 12767: 12759: 12755: 12751: 12747: 12744:(15): 39–41. 12743: 12739: 12732: 12717: 12713: 12706: 12691: 12687: 12680: 12672: 12668: 12664: 12660: 12656: 12652: 12645: 12637: 12633: 12629: 12625: 12621: 12617: 12610: 12602: 12598: 12594: 12590: 12586: 12582: 12575: 12567: 12563: 12559: 12555: 12551: 12547: 12543: 12539: 12535: 12528: 12520: 12516: 12511: 12506: 12502: 12498: 12493: 12488: 12484: 12480: 12476: 12469: 12454: 12450: 12443: 12435: 12431: 12427: 12423: 12416: 12408: 12404: 12400: 12396: 12392: 12388: 12381: 12373: 12369: 12365: 12361: 12357: 12353: 12349: 12345: 12338: 12330: 12326: 12321: 12316: 12312: 12308: 12304: 12300: 12296: 12289: 12281: 12277: 12273: 12269: 12265: 12261: 12257: 12250: 12242: 12238: 12234: 12230: 12226: 12222: 12218: 12211: 12196: 12192: 12186: 12178: 12171: 12163: 12159: 12155: 12151: 12147: 12143: 12139: 12132: 12121: 12117: 12113: 12109: 12105: 12101: 12097: 12096: 12088: 12084: 12078: 12070: 12066: 12061: 12056: 12051: 12046: 12042: 12038: 12034: 12030: 12029: 12024: 12016: 12008: 12004: 12000: 11996: 11992: 11988: 11981: 11966: 11960: 11956: 11955: 11947: 11939: 11935: 11931: 11927: 11923: 11919: 11914: 11909: 11905: 11901: 11900: 11892: 11884: 11880: 11875: 11870: 11866: 11862: 11858: 11854: 11850: 11846: 11842: 11835: 11827: 11823: 11819: 11815: 11811: 11807: 11803: 11796: 11788: 11784: 11780: 11776: 11772: 11768: 11764: 11757: 11749: 11736: 11725: 11718: 11711: 11709: 11692: 11688: 11682: 11680: 11678: 11669: 11665: 11661: 11657: 11653: 11649: 11645: 11641: 11637: 11633: 11629: 11622: 11611: 11607: 11600: 11594: 11588: 11582: 11574: 11570: 11566: 11562: 11558: 11554: 11550: 11543: 11535: 11531: 11527: 11523: 11519: 11515: 11511: 11507: 11503: 11496: 11481: 11477: 11473: 11469: 11462: 11454: 11450: 11446: 11442: 11438: 11434: 11430: 11423: 11415: 11411: 11404: 11396: 11392: 11388: 11384: 11380: 11376: 11372: 11365: 11357: 11353: 11349: 11345: 11341: 11337: 11333: 11326: 11318: 11314: 11310: 11306: 11302: 11295: 11287: 11283: 11279: 11275: 11271: 11264: 11256: 11252: 11248: 11244: 11240: 11236: 11232: 11225: 11223: 11214: 11210: 11206: 11202: 11198: 11194: 11190: 11183: 11181: 11179: 11177: 11175: 11166: 11162: 11158: 11154: 11150: 11143: 11141: 11132: 11128: 11124: 11120: 11116: 11112: 11108: 11104: 11100: 11093: 11086:(1): 262–266. 11085: 11081: 11074: 11066: 11062: 11058: 11054: 11050: 11046: 11042: 11035: 11027: 11020: 11012: 11008: 11004: 11000: 10996: 10992: 10988: 10981: 10973: 10969: 10965: 10961: 10957: 10950: 10942: 10938: 10934: 10930: 10926: 10919: 10910: 10905: 10902:(21): 11863. 10901: 10897: 10893: 10886: 10884: 10876:(4): 377–393. 10875: 10871: 10864: 10856: 10852: 10848: 10844: 10840: 10833: 10825: 10824:Masculinities 10818: 10810: 10806: 10802: 10798: 10794: 10790: 10786: 10779: 10777: 10775: 10773: 10764: 10760: 10753: 10745: 10741: 10734: 10726: 10722: 10718: 10714: 10710: 10706: 10702: 10695: 10687: 10683: 10679: 10675: 10671: 10667: 10660: 10641: 10634: 10628: 10620: 10616: 10609: 10601: 10597: 10593: 10589: 10585: 10581: 10574: 10566: 10559: 10551: 10544: 10536: 10532: 10528: 10524: 10517: 10509: 10505: 10501: 10497: 10493: 10489: 10482: 10473: 10468: 10464: 10460: 10456: 10449: 10441: 10437: 10433: 10429: 10425: 10421: 10414: 10412: 10410: 10401: 10397: 10393: 10389: 10385: 10378: 10370: 10366: 10359: 10351: 10347: 10340: 10332: 10328: 10323: 10318: 10314: 10310: 10306: 10302: 10295: 10287: 10283: 10279: 10275: 10268: 10260: 10253: 10245: 10241: 10237: 10233: 10229: 10225: 10218: 10210: 10206: 10202: 10198: 10194: 10190: 10183: 10175: 10171: 10167: 10163: 10159: 10155: 10148: 10133: 10129: 10128: 10127:Campus Reform 10123: 10116: 10108: 10104: 10100: 10096: 10092: 10088: 10084: 10080: 10079: 10071: 10064: 10056: 10052: 10048: 10044: 10041:(1): 93–102. 10040: 10036: 10035: 10027: 10021: 10017: 10014: 10009: 10005: 10001: 9997: 9992: 9987: 9983: 9979: 9978: 9973: 9966: 9960: 9955: 9951: 9947: 9943: 9939: 9935: 9931: 9927: 9926: 9921: 9915: 9907: 9903: 9899: 9895: 9894: 9886: 9878: 9874: 9870: 9866: 9865: 9857: 9849: 9845: 9841: 9837: 9833: 9826: 9818: 9814: 9810: 9806: 9802: 9798: 9797: 9789: 9781: 9777: 9773: 9769: 9764: 9759: 9755: 9751: 9750: 9742: 9740: 9731: 9727: 9723: 9719: 9715: 9711: 9710: 9702: 9694: 9690: 9684: 9676: 9669: 9658: 9654: 9650: 9646: 9642: 9638: 9634: 9629: 9624: 9620: 9616: 9615: 9607: 9603: 9597: 9589: 9583: 9579: 9578: 9573: 9567: 9559: 9555: 9551: 9550: 9545: 9539: 9531: 9527: 9523: 9519: 9518: 9510: 9508: 9506: 9504: 9502: 9493: 9489: 9485: 9481: 9474: 9466: 9462: 9459:(1): 85–106. 9458: 9454: 9447: 9439: 9435: 9431: 9427: 9423: 9419: 9412: 9404: 9400: 9396: 9392: 9387: 9382: 9378: 9374: 9367: 9357: 9348: 9339: 9330: 9322: 9318: 9311: 9302: 9293: 9278: 9274: 9267: 9259: 9255: 9251: 9247: 9243: 9239: 9235: 9231: 9227: 9223: 9219: 9212: 9203: 9196: 9190: 9182: 9176: 9172: 9166: 9158: 9154: 9151:(6): 641–72. 9150: 9146: 9139: 9137: 9127: 9119: 9115: 9111: 9107: 9104:(6): 722–41. 9103: 9099: 9092: 9084: 9080: 9076: 9072: 9068: 9061: 9059: 9057: 9048: 9044: 9040: 9036: 9032: 9028: 9027:Urban Studies 9021: 9019: 9017: 9015: 9006: 9002: 8998: 8994: 8990: 8986: 8982: 8978: 8974: 8967: 8965: 8963: 8953: 8945: 8941: 8937: 8933: 8929: 8925: 8918: 8903:. 29 May 2013 8902: 8898: 8892: 8877: 8873: 8867: 8851: 8847: 8841: 8825: 8821: 8816: 8808: 8793:. 5 June 2014 8792: 8788: 8782: 8774: 8770: 8766: 8762: 8758: 8754: 8753:Gender Issues 8747: 8739: 8735: 8728: 8720: 8716: 8709: 8701: 8697: 8693: 8689: 8685: 8681: 8674: 8666: 8662: 8658: 8654: 8650: 8646: 8639: 8631: 8627: 8623: 8619: 8612: 8604: 8600: 8596: 8592: 8588: 8584: 8577: 8569: 8565: 8561: 8557: 8553: 8549: 8542: 8534: 8530: 8526: 8522: 8518: 8514: 8507: 8499: 8495: 8491: 8487: 8483: 8479: 8472: 8465: 8459: 8451: 8445: 8440: 8439: 8430: 8428: 8426: 8424: 8422: 8413: 8409: 8403: 8395: 8390: 8382: 8373: 8365: 8361: 8357: 8350: 8342: 8338: 8334: 8330: 8326: 8322: 8315: 8313: 8305: 8299: 8297: 8295: 8286: 8282: 8278: 8274: 8270: 8266: 8259: 8257: 8255: 8253: 8243: 8234: 8219: 8215: 8209: 8194: 8190: 8184: 8173: 8169: 8168: 8160: 8153: 8145: 8141: 8136: 8131: 8127: 8123: 8119: 8115: 8111: 8104: 8096: 8090: 8086: 8082: 8078: 8077: 8072: 8065: 8057: 8053: 8049: 8045: 8041: 8037: 8033: 8026: 8011: 8007: 8000: 7990: 7971: 7967: 7960: 7953: 7944: 7935: 7926: 7918: 7912: 7908: 7901: 7894: 7889: 7883: 7879: 7872: 7864: 7858: 7854: 7849: 7848: 7839: 7837: 7828: 7824: 7820: 7816: 7812: 7806: 7798: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7780: 7776: 7772: 7765: 7757: 7751: 7747: 7743: 7742: 7734: 7726: 7720: 7716: 7712: 7711: 7703: 7695: 7688: 7673: 7672: 7664: 7656: 7652: 7648: 7644: 7640: 7636: 7629: 7621: 7617: 7613: 7609: 7605: 7601: 7597: 7590: 7582: 7576: 7561: 7557: 7550: 7542: 7536: 7532: 7528: 7527: 7519: 7517: 7508: 7502: 7498: 7494: 7493: 7485: 7483: 7474: 7468: 7464: 7463: 7455: 7453: 7451: 7449: 7440: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7422: 7418: 7414: 7410: 7406: 7399: 7391: 7387: 7383: 7379: 7372: 7364: 7360: 7356: 7352: 7348: 7344: 7337: 7335: 7319: 7315: 7308: 7300: 7296: 7292: 7288: 7284: 7280: 7273: 7266: 7260: 7252: 7248: 7244: 7238: 7231: 7226: 7222: 7219:(4): 301–19. 7218: 7214: 7210: 7204: 7197: 7196:0-465-07714-5 7193: 7187: 7179: 7175: 7171: 7165: 7161: 7160: 7155: 7149: 7147: 7138: 7134: 7130: 7126: 7122: 7118: 7111: 7103: 7099: 7095: 7091: 7084: 7076: 7072: 7068: 7064: 7057: 7048: 7046: 7036: 7027: 7008: 7004: 6997: 6990: 6981: 6973: 6969: 6965: 6961: 6957: 6953: 6949: 6945: 6941: 6934: 6927: 6922: 6915: 6911: 6907: 6903: 6897: 6888: 6881: 6875: 6869: 6865: 6858: 6850: 6844: 6840: 6833: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6813: 6809: 6805: 6801: 6797: 6790: 6782: 6776: 6772: 6765: 6756: 6748: 6742: 6738: 6737: 6729: 6720: 6712: 6708: 6704: 6697: 6689: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6671: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6653: 6649: 6645: 6638: 6630: 6626: 6622: 6618: 6614: 6610: 6603: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6568: 6553: 6549: 6545: 6541: 6537: 6530: 6523: 6512: 6511: 6506: 6499: 6491: 6485: 6466: 6459: 6452: 6444: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6429: 6424: 6417: 6410: 6404: 6396: 6390: 6386: 6379: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6360: 6359:0-312-22479-6 6356: 6352: 6346: 6338: 6334: 6330: 6326: 6322: 6318: 6311: 6303: 6299: 6295: 6291: 6287: 6283: 6276: 6268: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6252: 6248: 6241: 6226: 6220: 6216: 6215: 6207: 6200: 6188: 6182: 6178: 6174: 6173: 6165: 6158: 6147: 6141: 6137: 6133: 6132: 6124: 6117: 6106: 6100: 6096: 6095: 6087: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6071: 6064: 6056: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6038: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6004: 5997: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5958: 5954: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5903:Gender bender 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5885: 5880: 5869: 5866: 5860: 5855: 5852: 5841: 5834: 5825: 5818: 5812: 5802: 5798: 5795: 5790: 5786: 5783: 5777: 5773: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5759: 5755: 5750: 5748: 5744: 5740: 5736: 5731: 5720: 5715: 5713: 5708: 5706: 5701: 5700: 5698: 5697: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5685: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5667:Transfeminism 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5647:Queer studies 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5609: 5603: 5602: 5593: 5590: 5589: 5588: 5585: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5567: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5544: 5543:Vulnerability 5541: 5539: 5536: 5535: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5519: 5516: 5515: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5468: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5445: 5442: 5441: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5418: 5415: 5414: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5394: 5388: 5387: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5366: 5365:homosexuality 5363:Religion and 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5321: 5318: 5313: 5312: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5299:Youth suicide 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5269: 5268: 5265: 5260: 5259: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5203: 5200: 5195: 5194: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5170: 5167: 5166: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5154:Socialization 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5119: 5118: 5115: 5111: 5108: 5107: 5106: 5105:LGBTQ culture 5103: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5085: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5063: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5050: 5047: 5046: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5031: 5028: 5023: 5022: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4986: 4984: 4983: 4979: 4978: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4951:Homosexuality 4949: 4945: 4942: 4941: 4940: 4937: 4936: 4934: 4933: 4929: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4917: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4868: 4865: 4864: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4842:Homosexuality 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4806: 4803: 4802: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4789: 4786: 4785: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4775: 4772: 4768: 4763: 4762: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4732: 4730: 4729: 4708: 4707: 4704: 4701: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4673: 4663: 4661: 4657: 4652: 4651: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4613:cross-dresser 4610: 4602: 4599: 4596: 4595: 4594: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4560: 4556: 4551: 4547: 4537: 4535: 4532:, the end of 4531: 4527: 4522: 4512: 4508: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4480: 4477: 4472: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4415: 4405: 4402: 4398: 4393: 4391: 4387: 4381: 4380:20 percent." 4378: 4374: 4373: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4346: 4342: 4341:Betty Friedan 4337: 4333: 4328: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4305: 4300: 4294: 4284: 4280: 4278: 4274: 4268: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4252: 4249: 4239: 4237: 4236:progressivism 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4208: 4206: 4202: 4201:family values 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4163: 4159: 4157: 4153: 4148: 4145: 4144:online gaming 4139: 4136: 4135:self-efficacy 4130: 4121: 4118: 4114: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4098: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4083: 4079: 4074: 4070: 4065: 4063: 4059: 4054: 4044: 4041: 4033: 4023: 4019: 4013: 4012: 4007:This section 4005: 3996: 3995: 3986: 3983: 3975: 3965: 3961: 3955: 3954: 3949:This section 3947: 3943: 3938: 3937: 3929: 3925: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3898: 3894: 3892: 3881: 3879: 3873: 3870: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3857: 3852: 3850: 3843:as the model. 3842: 3838: 3837:Beauty Parade 3833: 3828: 3818: 3816: 3810: 3806: 3803: 3799: 3796: 3795: 3790: 3786: 3778: 3773: 3764: 3760: 3758: 3754: 3753:infantilizing 3750: 3744: 3741: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3725: 3721: 3715: 3711: 3702: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3687: 3683: 3680: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3664: 3659: 3655: 3654:glass ceiling 3649: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3629: 3625: 3619: 3618: 3613: 3591: 3588: 3583: 3579: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3551: 3546: 3542: 3540: 3534: 3532: 3524: 3519: 3515: 3513: 3512: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3473: 3469: 3468:United States 3460: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3432: 3428: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3412: 3410: 3405: 3404:sexual desire 3395: 3392: 3388: 3383: 3381: 3377: 3368: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3311:Communication 3308: 3305: 3304:socialization 3300: 3299: 3289: 3285: 3278: 3275: 3272: 3271: 3270: 3268: 3256: 3253: 3245: 3235: 3234:the talk page 3231: 3225: 3223: 3218:This section 3216: 3207: 3206: 3202: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3178: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3150: 3146: 3141: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3091: 3082: 3071: 3062: 3048: 3044: 3035: 3026: 3024: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3009: 2998: 2990: 2982: 2977: 2967: 2965: 2961: 2954: 2949: 2945: 2940: 2930: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2917: 2914:collections ( 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2899: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2870: 2868: 2862: 2856: 2846: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2803: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2764: 2762: 2757: 2754:The roles of 2749: 2746: 2742: 2737: 2731: 2721: 2717: 2707: 2705: 2701: 2696: 2694: 2688: 2686: 2682: 2681:Vern Bullough 2678: 2676: 2672: 2667: 2665: 2664: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2634: 2632: 2627: 2625: 2621: 2615: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2596:Anke Ehrhardt 2593: 2589: 2584: 2581: 2577: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2559: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2532: 2527: 2517: 2515: 2509: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2470: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2455: 2450: 2448: 2441: 2437: 2432: 2423: 2421: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2387: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2376: 2372: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2363: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2350: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2322:United States 2308: 2306: 2305: 2300: 2299: 2294: 2293:Judith Butler 2290: 2286: 2284: 2279: 2277: 2276:Gilbert Herdt 2273: 2268: 2264: 2262: 2261: 2256: 2253:According to 2248: 2247:cross-dressed 2244: 2240: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2216: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2205: 2200: 2196: 2194: 2189: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2154: 2152: 2151: 2146: 2141: 2139: 2138:sociocultural 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2117: 2107: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2092: 2090: 2085: 2083: 2077: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2043: 2038: 2036: 2031: 2029: 2024: 2023: 2021: 2020: 2010: 2007: 2003: 2000: 1999: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1987:Social stigma 1985: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1967: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1934: 1931: 1930: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1857: 1854: 1853: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1796: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1761: 1752: 1751: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1669: 1666: 1665: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1621: 1620: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1594:State atheism 1592: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1559: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1530:Jim Crow laws 1528: 1527: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1515:One-drop rule 1513: 1511: 1509: 1505: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1444: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1432:Blood quantum 1430: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1419: 1410: 1409: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1373:Victimisation 1371: 1369: 1368:Trans bashing 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1338:Religious war 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1318:Racialization 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1200: 1197: 1196: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1189:Glass ceiling 1187: 1183: 1180: 1179: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1132:Ethnic hatred 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1067:Counter-jihad 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1031: 1028: 1027: 1026: 1023: 1022: 1013: 1012: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 992: 989: 987: 984: 982: 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 957: 954: 952: 949: 947: 944: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 892: 889: 887: 884: 882: 879: 877: 874: 872: 869: 867: 864: 860: 857: 856: 855: 852: 850: 847: 845: 842: 840: 837: 833: 832:United States 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 819: 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 728: 725: 723: 720: 718: 715: 714: 713: 710: 708: 705: 703: 700: 696: 695:United States 693: 691: 688: 686: 683: 682: 681: 678: 676: 673: 671: 668: 666: 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 651: 648: 647: 641: 635: 634: 624: 621: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 608:Protestantism 606: 604: 601: 597: 594: 593: 592: 589: 583: 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 568: 565: 563: 560: 559: 558: 555: 554: 553: 550: 546: 543: 541: 538: 537: 536: 533: 531: 528: 524: 521: 519: 518:LDS or Mormon 516: 514: 511: 509: 506: 504: 501: 500: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 475: 469: 464: 463: 453: 450: 448: 445: 441: 438: 436: 435:Transmisogyny 433: 431: 428: 427: 426: 423: 419: 416: 414: 411: 410: 409: 406: 404: 401: 399: 396: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 349: 346: 344: 341: 339: 338:Gerontophobia 336: 334: 331: 329: 326: 324: 321: 319: 316: 314: 311: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 276: 274: 271: 269: 268:Anti-intersex 266: 264: 261: 259: 256: 254: 251: 249: 246: 244: 243:Anti-albinism 241: 239: 236: 234: 231: 229: 226: 225: 216: 215: 205: 202: 200: 197: 195: 192: 190: 187: 185: 182: 180: 177: 173: 170: 168: 165: 164: 163: 160: 158: 155: 153: 150: 148: 145: 143: 140: 138: 135: 133: 130: 128: 125: 123: 120: 118: 115: 113: 110: 108: 105: 104: 95: 94: 84: 81: 79: 76: 74: 71: 69: 68:Institutional 66: 65: 56: 55: 51: 47: 46: 43: 40: 39: 35: 31: 30: 25: 23: 21343:Gender roles 21310:. Retrieved 21306: 21297: 21067:Gender-blind 20954:Human rights 20782:Racial quota 20769: 20749:Jewish quota 20729:Gerontocracy 20724:Gender roles 20723: 20702:Disabilities 20687:Blood purity 20659:Wife selling 20649:White flight 20629:Slut-shaming 20609:Scapegoating 20527:Murder music 20190:Palestinians 20133:Anti-Zionism 20001:South Africa 19986:Black people 19964:South Africa 19780:Christianity 19770:Baháʼí Faith 19693:Sectarianism 19633:Heterosexism 19598:Ephebiphobia 19568:Anti-Masonry 19435:Hair texture 19315: 19302: 19289: 19276: 19035:Sociobiology 18893:Neuroscience 18873:Intelligence 18867: 18419:Anthropology 18372:Color vision 18357:Multitasking 18336:Flynn effect 18331:Intelligence 18313:Folk biology 18056:Evolutionary 17919: 17894: 17838:Rhetoricians 17828:Philosophers 17720:Saudi Arabia 17516:South Africa 17377:Epistemology 17330:Anthropology 17325:Architecture 17288:Legal theory 17195:Gynocentrism 17134:War on women 17069:Pro-feminism 17024:Gender-blind 16974:Gender quota 16947:Art movement 16739:Dianic Wicca 16618:Sex-positive 16581:Postcolonial 16448:Conservative 16428:Anti-fascist 16113:Gender roles 16112: 16058:Kinsey scale 16048:Aromanticism 15924:Gray asexual 15873:Heterosexual 15798:Sworn virgin 15768:Mukhannathun 15670:Binabinaaine 15211:Male as norm 15138: 15121: 15091: 14962: 14937: 14925: 14906: 14900: 14891: 14879:. Retrieved 14864: 14835: 14831: 14825: 14813:. Retrieved 14802: 14777: 14773: 14767: 14757: 14748: 14739: 14727: 14718: 14709: 14703: 14694: 14666: 14660: 14638:(1): 32–48. 14635: 14631: 14625: 14615: 14606: 14590: 14581: 14555:. Retrieved 14548:the original 14534: 14517: 14500: 14488:. Retrieved 14474: 14454: 14447: 14427: 14420: 14393: 14389: 14382:Breedlove SM 14375: 14367: 14360:. Retrieved 14341: 14334: 14326: 14319:. Retrieved 14300: 14293: 14284: 14277:. Retrieved 14258: 14221: 14215: 14167: 14163: 14157: 14122: 14118: 14108: 14096: 14086: 14078: 14030: 14023: 14012:the original 13999: 13986: 13974:. Retrieved 13970:the original 13965: 13956: 13939: 13922: 13905: 13896: 13891: 13879:. Retrieved 13870: 13858: 13846:. Retrieved 13842:the original 13835: 13825: 13813:. Retrieved 13809:the original 13804: 13795: 13783:. Retrieved 13779: 13754:. Retrieved 13749: 13725:. Retrieved 13720: 13701:degradation. 13697: 13695: 13692:the original 13676: 13642:(1): 57–73. 13639: 13635: 13615: 13595: 13571: 13546: 13530:. Retrieved 13524: 13497: 13462:. New York: 13459: 13448:the original 13443: 13439: 13423: 13414: 13395: 13388: 13380: 13360: 13352: 13342: 13327: 13323: 13301:(1): 1–105. 13298: 13294: 13284: 13272:. Retrieved 13268: 13256: 13244:. Retrieved 13240:the original 13229: 13220:the original 13198: 13194: 13184: 13175: 13150: 13146: 13140: 13115: 13111: 13105: 13080: 13076: 13070: 13061: 13057: 13051: 13026: 13022: 13016: 13002:cite journal 12975: 12971: 12962: 12940:(1): 20–34. 12937: 12933: 12927: 12902: 12898: 12889: 12881: 12874:. Retrieved 12869: 12860: 12849: 12840: 12800: 12793: 12773: 12766: 12741: 12731: 12719:. Retrieved 12716:The Guardian 12715: 12705: 12693:. Retrieved 12690:The Guardian 12689: 12679: 12654: 12650: 12644: 12619: 12615: 12609: 12584: 12580: 12574: 12541: 12537: 12527: 12485:(10): 5770. 12482: 12478: 12468: 12456:. 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Retrieved 11471: 11461: 11436: 11432: 11422: 11416:(1): 95–111. 11413: 11409: 11403: 11381:(1): 16–32. 11378: 11374: 11364: 11339: 11335: 11325: 11308: 11304: 11294: 11280:(2): 38–51. 11277: 11273: 11263: 11238: 11234: 11196: 11192: 11156: 11152: 11106: 11102: 11092: 11083: 11079: 11073: 11048: 11044: 11034: 11025: 11019: 10997:(1): 48–65. 10994: 10990: 10980: 10963: 10959: 10949: 10932: 10928: 10918: 10899: 10895: 10873: 10869: 10863: 10846: 10842: 10832: 10823: 10817: 10792: 10788: 10762: 10758: 10752: 10743: 10739: 10733: 10708: 10704: 10694: 10669: 10665: 10659: 10647:. Retrieved 10640:the original 10627: 10618: 10615:Vand. L. Rev 10614: 10608: 10586:(2): 65–93. 10583: 10579: 10573: 10564: 10558: 10549: 10543: 10526: 10522: 10516: 10491: 10487: 10481: 10465:(4): 75–99. 10462: 10458: 10448: 10423: 10419: 10391: 10387: 10377: 10368: 10364: 10358: 10349: 10345: 10339: 10304: 10300: 10294: 10277: 10273: 10267: 10258: 10252: 10227: 10223: 10217: 10192: 10188: 10182: 10157: 10153: 10147: 10135:. Retrieved 10125: 10115: 10082: 10076: 10063: 10038: 10032: 10026: 9981: 9975: 9970:Spencer SJ, 9965: 9929: 9923: 9914: 9897: 9891: 9885: 9868: 9862: 9856: 9839: 9835: 9825: 9803:(1): 34–42. 9800: 9794: 9788: 9753: 9747: 9713: 9707: 9701: 9692: 9683: 9668: 9618: 9612: 9596: 9576: 9566: 9548: 9538: 9521: 9515: 9483: 9479: 9473: 9456: 9452: 9446: 9421: 9417: 9411: 9376: 9372: 9366: 9356: 9347: 9338: 9329: 9320: 9316: 9310: 9301: 9292: 9280:. 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London. 13774:Cheryl W. 13550:. Lanham: 13246:23 October 13153:(1): 2–7. 12968:Carroll SJ 12876:6 February 12083:Messner MA 11970:22 October 11697:26 October 11485:26 October 10394:(3): 504. 10382:Kalysh K, 10280:(7): 778. 9572:Gilligan C 8822:. London. 8271:(1): 1–9. 8223:5 February 8114:West J Med 7349:(2): 129. 7069:(3): 308. 6474:18 October 5950:References 5898:Dominatrix 5513:Homophobia 5434:Censorship 5181:Moe aikāne 5056:Dyke March 5039:Coming out 4980:Identities 4909:Two-spirit 4783:Asexuality 4676:See also: 4637:drag kings 4633:paraphilia 4593:includes: 4583:homosexual 4501:Tony Blair 4449:family law 4418:See also: 4297:See also: 4228:secularism 4181:Right wing 4117:Algorithms 4091:sexualized 4073:Body image 4030:March 2024 3972:March 2024 3825:See also: 3785:caregivers 3724:gymnastics 3587:subliminal 3565:inherently 3531:Heuristics 3444:See also: 3376:Julia Wood 3315:See also: 3242:April 2015 3224:to readers 3199:See also: 3023:David Buss 2974:See also: 2898:prostitute 2859:See also: 2792:Protestant 2734:See also: 2592:John Money 2479:John Money 2473:John Money 2440:Apollonian 2399:status quo 2378:Housework 2366:Profession 2243:unbreeched 2114:See also: 2110:Background 2100:oppressive 2074:variations 2070:exceptions 2066:femininity 1997:Stereotype 1992:Speciesism 1873:Oppression 1868:Oikophobia 1764:Allophilia 1740:Toleration 1589:Sodomy law 1482:Internment 1398:Witch-hunt 1276:Blackhawks 1206:Hate group 1194:Hate crime 1167:Gendercide 1157:Freak show 1147:Excellence 1107:Employment 1077:Defamation 996:Vietnamese 991:Venezuelan 876:Lithuanian 530:Falun Gong 452:Xenophobia 447:Vegaphobia 430:Non-binary 388:Pedophobia 353:Homophobia 167:Skin color 127:Disability 98:Attributes 73:Structural 21216:Christian 21144:Prejudice 21092:Masculism 21040:Diversity 20834:religious 20809:Redlining 20408:Ethnocide 20368:Education 20255:Ukrainian 20185:Pakistani 20175:Mongolian 20096:Australia 20078:Hungarian 20033:Colombian 20013:Bulgarian 19895:Rastafari 19844:Ahmadiyya 19752:Religious 19730:Trans men 19688:Pregnancy 19623:Gayphobia 19618:Fatphobia 19523:Acephobia 19518:Arophobia 19502:Viewpoint 18966:cognitive 18958:Affective 18843:Cognition 18797:Sexuality 18783:Pair bond 18543:Education 18200:Cognition 18118:Inclusive 18058:processes 18046:Criticism 17623:Argentina 17583:Indonesia 17573:Hong Kong 17528:Australia 17428:Seriality 17352:Geography 17278:Sociology 17231:Economics 17216:Kyriarchy 16707:Christian 16687:Religious 16628:Socialist 16418:Anarchist 16363:States of 16301:Australia 15981:Takatāpui 15956:Pansexual 15909:Ex-ex-gay 15748:Koekchuch 15728:Güevedoce 15648:and sexes 15618:Fakaleitī 15608:Trans man 15601:Akava'ine 15551:Cisgender 15541:Androgyne 15346:Academics 15277:Financial 15112:Gender in 15056:Cisgender 14794:146288256 14632:SubStance 14068:ignored ( 14058:cite book 13656:144875158 13542:Messner M 13494:Kimmel MS 13132:145576707 13097:144560550 13043:145107322 12994:143560740 12830:ignored ( 12820:cite book 12750:0094-7571 12671:145697214 12636:146385940 12616:Sex Roles 12601:1540-6237 12566:149814259 12558:2167-6968 12501:1661-7827 12407:144754474 12299:Sex Roles 12280:0269-994X 12241:1573-2762 12221:Sex Roles 12179:(Report). 12162:1573-2762 12142:Sex Roles 11993:: 73–91. 11938:204321795 11908:CiteSeerX 11865:1874-6365 11826:0016-7185 11787:0730-8884 11652:0733-4648 11573:0968-6673 11526:0022-2445 11480:0362-4331 11453:145149193 11395:147567869 11356:147567869 11213:144825977 11131:142736031 11065:220416715 11011:145378359 10809:144198198 10789:Sex Roles 10686:143583752 10600:143213609 10508:145707764 10244:143990135 10209:144504496 10174:143766494 10055:145724069 9986:CiteSeerX 9972:Steele CM 9920:Steele CM 9758:CiteSeerX 9623:CiteSeerX 9438:144924015 9381:CiteSeerX 9258:146720126 9250:1090-5138 9118:145646892 8944:144577635 8924:Sex Roles 8773:143305053 8665:149096803 8645:Sex Roles 8603:146362115 8533:146939829 8396:. London. 8341:143607687 8321:Sex Roles 8285:144978684 8056:0966-7350 7746:Routledge 7655:145689071 7635:Sex Roles 7439:0968-6673 7363:220519301 7178:818855499 7123:(1): 89. 6964:0891-2432 6701:Pate Js. 6670:1664-1078 6317:Sex Roles 6282:Sex Roles 6192:3 January 6151:3 January 6037:1932-6203 5988:0038-4941 5575:Trans men 5560:Sexualism 5550:Migration 5498:Gayphobia 5402:Arophobia 5397:Acephobia 5236:Parenting 5176:Takatāpui 5134:Queer art 5044:Community 4956:Movements 4889:Trans man 4621:androgyne 4495:, MP and 4465:education 4453:parenting 4216:Left wing 3705:In sports 3634:masculine 3553:nurturant 3387:masculine 3110:; a male 2951:Image of 2823:Theotokos 2780:patriarch 2604:androgens 2563:evolution 2353:Education 2324:in 1955, 2182:Androgyny 2082:ethnicity 1970:Christian 1898:Prejudice 1846:Masculism 1794:Diversity 1572:religious 1547:Redlining 1142:Ethnocide 1102:Education 981:Ukrainian 911:Pakistani 901:Mongolian 822:Australia 804:Hungarian 759:Colombian 739:Bulgarian 613:Rastafari 562:Ahmadiyya 468:Religious 440:Trans men 398:Pregnancy 333:Gayphobia 328:Fatphobia 233:Acephobia 228:Arophobia 204:Viewpoint 24:(journal) 22:Sex Roles 21273:Category 21255:The talk 21191:Snobbery 21109:Net bias 20939:Feminism 20866:Ugly law 20707:Catholic 20675:policies 20522:Mortgage 20517:Lynching 20448:examples 20443:Genocide 20363:Economic 20348:Democide 20308:Bullying 20220:Scottish 20215:Romanian 20180:Nigerian 20123:Japanese 20058:Georgian 20043:Filipino 19976:Assyrian 19949:Armenian 19939:American 19934:Albanian 19916:National 19900:Yazidism 19817:Hinduism 19775:Buddhism 19673:Nepotism 19668:Misogyny 19663:Misandry 19588:Clannism 19583:Biphobia 19528:Adultism 19445:Language 19235:Memetics 18995:Ethology 18953:genetics 18788:Physical 18753:Jealousy 18708:Activity 18514:maternal 18470:Religion 18458:Morality 18436:Language 18317:taxonomy 18130:Mismatch 18076:Cheating 18071:Altruism 17939:Category 17873:American 17745:Thailand 17700:Pakistan 17670:Malaysia 17653:Paraguay 17643:Honduras 17491:Ethiopia 17357:Pedagogy 17283:Rhetoric 17273:Sexology 17266:Womanist 17261:Thealogy 17256:Theology 17054:Misogyny 16922:Femicide 16907:Equality 16856:Concepts 16771:Orthodox 16734:Neopagan 16722:Womanist 16702:Buddhist 16670:Africana 16665:Womanism 16561:Maternal 16551:Lipstick 16517:Activism 16487:Equality 16453:Cultural 16438:Carceral 16373:Virginia 16353:Timeline 16296:Timeline 16233:timeline 16218:Timeline 16195:Feminism 16118:Intersex 16096:See also 16083:Sapphism 15868:Bisexual 15828:X-gender 15803:Travesti 15778:Nádleehi 15691:Chibados 15623:Mak nyah 15437:Feminism 15392:Religion 15367:Journals 15339:Academia 15169:Pronouns 15154:Language 15123:Binnen-I 15114:language 15044:Identity 15009:Overview 14762:Pandora. 14567:cite web 14484:Archived 14412:27113562 14240:15173519 14192:37966088 14184:23153024 14149:22021310 14088:Wikinews 14050:10360017 13875:Archived 13750:BBC News 13544:(2000). 13532:10 March 13488:(2005). 12978:: 1–20. 12758:29766113 12519:37239498 12510:10218532 12372:40904909 12364:23484346 12329:27688526 12120:Archived 12116:52253024 12069:19549876 12007:24141205 11930:12088131 11883:36569186 11806:Geoforum 11724:Archived 11668:20984380 11660:24652908 11610:Archived 11255:53321725 11028:: 43–56. 10440:20350016 10384:Kulik CT 10331:54219902 10107:29170275 10099:29781373 10016:Archived 10008:12556019 9780:21410915 9657:Archived 9653:17057403 9645:12051578 9602:Fiske ST 9574:(2009). 9558:31499943 9546:(1929). 9403:13336463 9130:Hofstede 9005:30292858 8997:22955955 8876:ABC News 8824:Archived 8412:BBC News 8172:Archived 8144:11069879 8015:30 March 7994:234–245. 7979:23 March 7970:Archived 7811:Fortin N 7797:28961059 7575:cite web 7323:30 March 7225:13260820 7137:17561016 7096:: 1–16. 7007:Archived 7003:ieet.org 6816:12206191 6688:36874846 6484:cite web 6337:56032975 6302:55706950 6055:26800454 6007:PLOS ONE 5933:Misogyny 5928:Misandry 5837:See also 5739:hormonal 5677:Travesti 5587:Violence 5476:Bisexual 5439:Closeted 5429:Bullying 5424:Biphobia 5226:Marriage 5206:Adoption 5034:Business 5009:Intersex 4939:Timeline 4847:Intersex 4745:Bisexual 4695:a series 4693:Part of 4658:and the 4625:bigender 4587:bisexual 4476:backlash 4332:Suburbia 4293:Feminism 4232:feminism 4191:. These 4106:cosmetic 4095:hashtags 3470:. 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19873:Judaism 19859:Sunnism 19849:Shi'ism 19760:Atheism 19593:Elitism 19492:Species 19430:Genetic 19420:Dialect 19136:Species 18908:Suicide 18743:Fantasy 18723:Arousal 18505:Bonding 18394:Culture 18218:Display 18205:Emotion 18113:Fitness 18002:History 17885:Parties 17760:Ukraine 17755:Vietnam 17665:Lebanon 17563:Germany 17553:Finland 17548:Denmark 17523:Albania 17511:Senegal 17506:Nigeria 17421:Therapy 17404:Science 17315:Biology 16832:Mizrahi 16800:Chicana 16761:Islamic 16697:Atheist 16633:Marxist 16603:Radical 16539:Liberal 16534:Lesbian 16512:Hip hop 16492:Eugenic 16433:Atheist 16406:General 16378:Wyoming 16211:General 16203:History 15946:Lesbian 15941:Khanith 15919:Gay men 15863:Asexual 15793:Sipiniq 15753:Lhamana 15738:Kathoey 15685:Calalai 15682:Calabai 15628:Rae-rae 15513:Genders 15284:General 15236:General 15144:English 14652:3684953 14490:13 June 14140:3483939 13976:18 June 13805:Reuters 13486:Flood M 13215:8756271 13167:2264228 12954:3088412 12919:2111526 12895:Huddy L 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