Gender role - Knowledge

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two perspectives: traditional and egalitarian. Traditional attitudes uphold designated responsibilities for the sexes – wives raise the children and keep the home nice, and husbands are the breadwinners. Egalitarian attitudes uphold responsibilities being carried out equally by both sexes – wives and husbands are both breadwinners and they both take part in raising the children and keeping the home nice. Over the past 40 years, attitudes in marriages have become more egalitarian. Two studies carried out in the early 2000s have shown strong correlation between egalitarian attitudes and happiness and satisfaction in marriage, which scholars believe lead to stabilization in divorce rates. The results of a 2006 study performed by Gayle Kaufman, a professor of sociology, indicated that those who hold egalitarian attitudes report significantly higher levels of marital happiness than those with more traditional attitudes. Another study executed by Will Marshall in 2008 had results showing that relationships with better quality involve people with more egalitarian beliefs. It has been assumed by Danielle J. Lindemann, a sociologist who studies gender, sexuality, the family, and culture, that the shift in gender roles and egalitarian attitudes have resulted in marriage stability due to tasks being carried out by both partners, such as working late-nights and picking up ill children from school. Although the gap in gender roles still exists, roles have become less gendered and more equal in marriages compared to how they were traditionally.

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described by Elisabeth K. Kelan as an "ethnomethodological approach" which analyzes "micro interactions to reveal how the objective and given nature of the world is accomplished," suggesting that gender does not exist until it is empirically perceived and performed through interactions. West and Zimmerman argued that the use of "role" to describe gender expectations conceals the production of gender through everyday activities. Furthermore, they stated that roles are situated identities, such as "nurse" and "student," which are developed as the situation demands, while gender is a master identity with no specific site or organizational context. For them, "conceptualizing gender as a role makes it difficult to assess its influence on other roles and reduces its explanatory usefulness in discussions of power and inequality." West and Zimmerman consider gender an individual production that reflects and constructs interactional and institutional gender expectations.

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often comes from role-modeling parents, peers, teachers, and other significant figures in one's life. In a marriage, oftentimes each person's gendered roles are determined by his or her parents. If the wife grew up imitating the actions of traditional parents, and the husband non-traditional parents, their views on marital roles would be different. One way people can acquire these stereotypical roles through a reward and punishment system. When a little girl imitates her mother by performing the traditional domestic duties she is often rewarded by being told she is doing a good job. Nontraditionally, if a little boy was performing the same tasks he would more likely be punished due to acting feminine. Because society holds these expected roles for men and women within a marriage, it creates a mold for children to follow.

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children. Another journal article by Emerald Group Publishing Limited examined the underrepresentation of women in children's television shows between 1930 and 1960. While studies between 1960 and 1990 showed an increase in the representation of women in television, studies conducted between 1990 and 2005, a time when women were considered to be equal to men by some, show no change in the representation of women in children's television shows. Women, being underrepresented in children's television shows, are also often portrayed as married or in a relationship, while men are more likely to be single. This reoccurring theme in relationship status can be reflected in the ideals of children that only see this type of representation.

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husband control her. Other places, such as Singapore and Taipei are also seeing changes in gender roles. In many societies, but especially Singapore and Taipei, women have more jobs that have a leadership position (i.e. A doctor or manager), and fewer jobs as a regular worker (i.e. A clerk or salesperson). The males in Singapore also have more leadership roles, but they have more lower level jobs too. In the past, the women would get the lower level jobs, and the men would get all the leadership positions. There is an increase of male unemployment in Singapore, Taipei, and Hong Kong, so the women are having to work more in order to support their families. In the past, the males were usually the ones supporting the family.

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roles are learned, the media has a direct impact on individuals. Thinking about the way in which couples act on romantic television shows or movies and the way women are portrayed as passive in magazine ads, reveals a lot about how gender roles are viewed in society and in heterosexual marriages. Traditional gendered roles view the man as a "pro-creator, a protector, and a provider," and the woman as "pretty and polite but not too aggressive, not too outspoken and not too smart." Media aids in society conforming to these traditional gendered views. People learn through imitation and social-interaction both in the physical world and through the media; television, magazines, advertisements, newspapers, the Internet, etc.

4436: 3000: 3081: 2752: 2460:, a Dutch researcher and social psychologist who dedicated himself to the study of culture, sees culture as "broad patterns of thinking, feeling and acting" in a society In Hofstede's view, most human cultures can themselves be classified as either masculine or feminine. Masculine culture clearly distinguishes between gender roles, directing men to "be assertive, tough, and focused on material success," and women to "be more modest, tender, and concerned with the quality of life." Feminine cultures tolerate overlapping gender roles, and instruct that "both men and women are supposed to be modest, tender, and concerned with the quality of life." 2241: 3378: 3529: 3610: 14513:. Retrieved 27 December 2014. "Because of the complicated interplay among gender identity, gender roles, and sexual identity, transgender people are often assumed to be lesbian or gay (See Overview: Sexism, Heterosexism, and Transgender Oppression). ... Because transgender identity challenges a binary conception of sexuality and gender, educators must clarify their own understanding of these concepts. ... Facilitators must be able to help participants understand the connections among sexism, heterosexism, and transgender oppression and the ways in which gender roles are maintained, in part, through homophobia." 5870: 2653: 3766:, which reinforces the lower regard for female athletes and perpetuates pre-existing negative perceptions of women's sport. The quality of production and filming of men's and women's sport, such as the use of on-screen graphics, shot variations, duration of video frames and camera angles, are also significantly distinct. This influences the audience perceptions by illustrating women's sport as less significant and engaging. Thus, female athletes not only face a lack of media coverage, but the little amount of coverage tends to reinforce the 3601:

unspecified gender), and in four other scenarios they are asked to sacrifice a woman." The results showed that women who identified as feminists were more willing to 'sacrifice' men than women who did not identify as feminists. "If a person wanted to counteract that and 'level the playing field', that can be done either by boosting women or by downgrading men", said van Breen. "So I think that this effect on evaluations of men arises because our participants are trying to achieve an underlying aim: counteracting gender stereotypes."

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of familial and market relations in Victorian England." In other words, this shows what it meant to grow up into the roles (gender roles) of a female in Victorian England, which transitioned from being a homemaker to being a working woman and then back to being passive and inferior to males. In conclusion, gender roles in the contemporary sex gender model are socially constructed, always changing, and do not really exist since they are ideologies that society constructs in order for various benefits at various times in history.

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in Hong Kong, she wants to cut her work schedule down, but keeps working full time (60–80 hours per week). Similar to Hong Kong, Japanese surgeons still work long hours, but they try to rearrange their schedules so they can be at home more (end up working less than 60 hours). Although all three places have women working advanced jobs, the female surgeons in the US and Hong Kong feel more gender equality at home where they have equal, if not more control of their families, and Japanese surgeons feel the men are still in control.

3470: 15037: 4566: 15444: 15434: 15424: 3092: 5835:" "Patterns of offending by men and by women are notable both for their similarities and for their differences. Both men and women are more heavily involved in minor property and substance abuse offenses than in serious crimes like robbery or murder. However, men offend at much higher rates than women for all crime categories except prostitution. This gender gap in crime is greatest for serious crime and least for mild forms of lawbreaking such as minor property crimes." 21270: 19286: 17936: 3820:

economy. The gender wage gap is largely racial—in the U.S., American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) women, Black women, and Latina women disproportionately experience poverty and larger wage gaps compared with White and Asian women. Women are also more likely to live in poverty if they are single mothers and solely responsible for providing for their children. Poverty among single working mothers would fall 40% or more if women earn equal wages to men.

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rigid and narrow gender roles, it contributes to a culture of violence against women" "People with more resources are more likely to be abusive towards those without resources", meaning that the stronger member of the relationship abuses the weaker partner or family member. However, the fight for power and equality remains – "Intimate partner violence in same-sex couples reveals that the rates are similar to those in the heterosexual community".

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technical employment", test values for work-related egalitarianism were lower for Chinese than for Americans. This is supported by the proportion of women that held professional jobs in China (far less than that of America), the data clearly indicating the limitations on opportunities open to women in contemporary Eastern society. In contrast, there was no difference between the viewpoint of Chinese and Americans regarding domestic gender roles.

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someone who is attracted to people of the opposite sex, the term homosexual is used to classify people who are attracted to those of the same sex, and the term bisexual is used to identify those who are attracted to both the same and opposite sexes. Sexual orientation can be variously defined based on sexual identity, sexual behavior and sexual attraction. People can fall anywhere on a spectrum from strictly heterosexual to strictly homosexual.

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in today's society the division of roles is starting to blur. More and more individuals are adapting non-traditional gender roles into their marriages in order to share responsibilities. This view on gender roles seeks out equality between sexes. In today's society, it is more likely that a husband and wife are both providers for their family. More and more women are entering the workforce while more men are contributing to household duties.

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1. A decade later this number was at 1.66 men for every woman, and in 2008 the ratio was 1.2 to 1 in the US. In 2010 it was found that the ratio of men to women in successful G-rate movies is 2.57 to 1. Notable social theory such as Bandura's social cognitive theory highlights the importance of seeing people in media that are similar to oneself. In other words it is valuable for girls to see similarities to those represented in media.

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literature from the APA says that sexual orientation is not a choice that can be changed at will, and that sexual orientation is most likely the result of a complex interaction of environmental, cognitive and biological factors. is shaped at an early age. and evidence suggests biological, including genetic or inborn hormonal factors, play a significant role in a person's sexuality (American Psychological Association 2010).

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Collins (1998: 4) in their discussion of what they refer to as a 'matrix of domination,' we too conceive that class, race, and gender represent "multiple, interlocking levels of domination that stem from the societal configurations of these structural relationships. These patterned actions, in turn, affecting individual consciousness, group interaction, and individual and group access to institutional power and privileges.

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refusal, feminine people offer stronger and more direct refusals. However, research from Perper and Weis showed that rejection includes acts of avoidance, creating distractions, making excuses, departure, hinting, arguments to delay, etc. These differences in refusal communication techniques are just one example of the importance of communicative competence for both masculine and feminine gender cultures.

3762:. The presentation of male athletes and men's sport is regarded as the standard, while their female counterparts are often considered as the "other" or outside of this norm, as seen in the naming of events, such as "Women's World Cup" while the men's event being simply named as the "World Cup". The use of first names and being referred to as "girls" or "young ladies" for female athletes is also seen as 3808:. This "second shift" refers to the unpaid work women take on in the private sphere—housework, cooking, cleaning, and caring for the family unit. Economically, this restricts a women's ability to advance in her career due to her added (unpaid) responsibilities at home. Gender roles have influenced the idea that women are well suited for more feminine roles such as housekeeping and domestic duties. 4011: 3222: 3616: 3615: 3612: 3611: 3617: 5884: 3635:

strength and independence. These traits do not line up with the perceived traditional female gender role stereotype. (This is often referred to as the "lack of fit" model which describes the dynamics of the gender bias.) Therefore, the perception that women do not possess these "masculine" qualities, limits their ability to be hired or promoted into managerial positions.

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attributed to males and the rest to females. Female sports, expressing the concepts of femininity, are often characterised with flexibility and balance, such as gymnastics or aesthetic sports like dance. Conversely, male sports constitute the idea of masculinity, which is portrayed through strength, speed, aggression and power, such as in football and basketball.

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following: general mannerisms, deportment and demeanor, play preferences and recreational interests; spontaneous topics of talk in unprompted conversation and casual comment; content of dreams, daydreams, and fantasies; replies to oblique inquiries and projective tests; evidence of erotic practices and, finally, the person's own replies to direct inquiry.

3614: 2102:, often including the clothing a person chooses to wear, the profession a person pursues, manner of approach to things, the personal relationships a person enters, and how they behave within those relationships. Although gender roles have evolved and expanded, they traditionally keep women in the "private" sphere, and men in the "public" sphere. 3639:

goal-oriented and generally seen in a positive light while a woman showing a similar performance is often described using adjectives with negative connotations. Female performance is therefore not evaluated neutrally or unbiased and stereotyped in ways to deem their equivalent levels and quality of work as instead of lesser value.

3935:. In an experiment described in this journal article, young girls described pictures of women in advertisements as unrealistic and fake; the women were dressed in revealing clothing which sexualised them and exposed their thin figures, which were gazed upon by the public, creating an issue with stereotyping in the media. 2977:, and has a long tradition of performing in important rituals, such as the birth of sons and weddings. Despite this allowance for transgression, Hindu cultural traditions portray women in contradictory ways. Women's fertility is given great value, but female sexuality is depicted as potentially dangerous and destructive. 2933:"A man asked the Prophet: 'Whom should I honor most?' The Prophet replied: 'Your mother'. 'And who comes next?' asked the man. The Prophet replied: 'Your mother'. 'And who comes next?' asked the man. The Prophet replied: 'Your mother!'. 'And who comes next?' asked the man. The Prophet replied: 'Your father'" 2343:, which at that place and time was the prevalent family structure. The model compared a traditional contemporaneous view of gender roles with a more liberal view. The Parsons model was used to contrast and illustrate extreme positions on gender roles, i.e., gender roles described in the sense of Max Weber's 2278:

strength or dexterity, while girls learn to present themselves as objects to be viewed. Social constructionists argue that differences between male and female behavior are better attributable to gender-segregated children's activities than to any essential, natural, physiological, or genetic predisposition.

4338:, women found themselves shifted into the industrial workforce. During this time, women were expected to take up industrial jobs and support the troops abroad through the means of domestic industry. Moving from "homemakers" and "caregivers", women were now factory workers and "breadwinners" for the family. 3036:, men and women were asked to rank the importance of certain traits in a long-term partner. Both men and women ranked "kindness" and "intelligence" as the two most important factors. Men valued beauty and youth more highly than women, while women valued financial and social status more highly than men. 13416:

In contradistinction to pro-feminism, however, the men's rights perspective addresses specific legal and cultural factors that put men at a disadvantage. The movement is made up of a variety of formal and informal groups that differ in their approaches and issues; Men's rights advocates, for example,

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The social roles, behaviors, attitudes, and psychological characteristics that are more common, more expected, or more accepted for one sex or the other; includes a group of interrelated behaviors, attitudes, and psychological characteristics that influence a variety of risk and risk-taking behaviors

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Perhaps it is an attempt to reconcile this conflict that leads to a common assumption that one same-sex partner assumes a pseudo-male gender role and the other assumes a pseudo-female role. For a gay male relationship, this might lead to the assumption that the "wife" handled domestic chores, was the

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in which the, "abasement of the woman, reducing her from an active participant in the labor market to the passive bodily existence to be controlled by male expertise is indicative of the ways in which the ideological deployment of gender roles operated to facilitate and sustain the changing structure

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has noted, "Women are ahead of men in education (last year, 55 percent of U.S. college graduates were female). And a study shows that in most U.S. cities, single, childless women under 30 are making an average of 8 percent more money than their male counterparts, with Atlanta and Miami in the lead at

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It has also been predicted that gender highly matters only for female candidates that have not been politically established. These predictions apply further to established candidates, stating that gender would not be a defining factor for their campaigns or the focal point of media coverage. This has

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many television advertisements in countries around the world are seen targeting women at different times of the day than men. Advertisements for products directed towards female viewers are shown during the day on weekdays, while products for men are shown during weekends. The same article shows that

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have yet to catch up with this significant advancement. Female athletes and women's sport receive notably less media attention compared to their male counterparts across various forms of media, and this underrepresentation has worsened over the years, despite the rising levels of female participation

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Gender stereotypes can disadvantage women during the hiring process. It is one explanation for the lack of women in key organizational positions. Management and similar leader positions are often perceived to be "masculine" in type, meaning they are assumed to require aggressiveness, competitiveness,

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According to the 1972 study by Jean Lipman-Blumen, women who grew up following traditional gender-roles from childhood were less likely to want to be highly educated while women brought up with the view that men and women are equal were more likely to want higher education. This result indicates that

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The second study looked at gender labeling and stereotyping in the relationship of mother and child using three separate methods. The first consisted of identifying gender labeling and stereotyping, essentially the same method as the first study. The second consisted of behavioral observations, which

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Within the first study, 23 children between the ages of two and seven underwent a series of gender labeling and gender stereotyping tests: the children viewed either pictures of males and females or objects such as a hammer or a broom, then identified or labeled those to a certain gender. The results

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Hall published an observational study on nonverbal gender differences and discussed the cultural reasons for these differences. In her study, she noted women smile and laugh more and have a better understanding of nonverbal cues. She believed women were encouraged to be more emotionally expressive in

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For example, females are often more expressive and intuitive in their communication, but males tend to be instrumental and competitive. In addition, there are differences in accepted communication behaviors for males and females. To improve communication between genders, people who identify as either

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Although existing studies have generally focused on gender views or attitudes that are work-related, there has so far not been a study on specific domestic roles. Supporting Hofstede's 1980 findings, that "high masculinity cultures are associated with low percentages of women holding professional and

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According to the Pew Research Center, the number of stay-at-home fathers in the US nearly doubled in the period from 1989 to 2012, from 1.1 million to 2.0 million. This trend appears to be mirrored in a number of countries including the UK, Canada and Sweden. However, Pew also found that, at least in

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Because the dominant class sees this form of gender expression as unacceptable, inappropriate, or perhaps threatening, these individuals are significantly more likely to experience discrimination and harassment both in their personal lives and from their employers, according to a 2011 report from the

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Most children learn to categorize themselves by gender by the age of three. From birth, in the course of gender socialization, children learn gender stereotypes and roles from their parents and environment. Traditionally, boys learn to manipulate their physical and social environment through physical

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It has also been presented that children are affected by gender roles in the media. Children's preferences in television characters are most likely to be to characters of the same gender. Because children favor characters of the same gender, the characteristics of the character are also looked to by

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Women are also largely under-represented across multiple types of media. A statistical disparity of the male to female ratio shown on television has existed for decades and is constantly changing and improving. Three decades ago findings highlight that males outnumbered females on a ratio of 2.5 to

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In today's society, media saturates nearly every aspect of one's life. It seems inevitable for society to be influenced by the media and what it is portraying. Roles are gendered, meaning that both males and females are viewed and treated differently according to biological sex, and because gendered

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Various studies show different communication strategies with a feminine person refusing a masculine person's sexual interest. Some research, like that of Murnen, show that when feminine people offer refusals, the refusals are verbal and typically direct. When masculine people do not comply with this

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Through such tests, it is known that American southerners exhibit less egalitarian gender views than their northern counterparts, demonstrating that gender views are inevitably affected by an individual's culture. This also may differ among compatriots whose 'cultures' are a few hundred miles apart.

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Over the years, gender roles have continued to change and have a significant impact on the institution of marriage. Traditionally, men and women had completely opposing roles, men were seen as the provider for the family and women were seen as the caretakers of both the home and the family. However,

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Gendered roles in heterosexual marriages are learned through imitation. People learn what society views as appropriate gender behaviors from imitating the repetition of actions by one's role-model or parent of the same biological sex. Imitation in the physical world that impacts one's gendered roles

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In the U.S., single men are outnumbered by single women at a ratio of 100 single women to 86 single men, though never-married men over the age of 15 outnumber women by a 5:4 ratio (33.9% to 27.3%) according to the 2006 U.S. Census American Community Survey. The results are varied between age groups,

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is increased by being aggressive, allowing them to compete with other men for access to females, as well as by being sexually promiscuous and trying to father as many children as possible. Women are benefited by bonding with infants and caring for children. Sociobiologists argue that these roles are

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Masculine cultures expect men to be assertive, ambitious and competitive, to strive for material success, and to respect whatever is big, strong, and fast. Masculine cultures expect women to serve and care for the non-material quality of life, for children and for the weak. Feminine cultures, on the

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In many cultures, gender roles, especially for men, simultaneously act as an indicator for heterosexuality, and as a boundary of acceptable behavior for straight people. Therefore, lesbians, gay men and bisexual people may be viewed as exempt from some or all components of gender roles or as having

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Men's rights groups have called for male-focused governmental structures to address issues specific to men and boys including education, health, work and marriage. Men's rights groups in India have called for the creation of a Men's Welfare Ministry and a National Commission for Men, as well as the

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families moved in droves from urban living into newly developed single-family homes on former farmland just outside major cities. Thus established what many modern critics describe as the "private sphere". Though frequently sold and idealized as "perfect living", many women had difficulty adjusting

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in the United States has increased over the last decades, they still only make up 20% of U.S. senators, 19.4% of U.S. congressional representatives and 24% of statewide executives. Additionally, many of these political campaigns appear to focus on the aggressiveness of the female candidate which is

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when playing a game with a sexualized female character. Women have been stereotyped in online games and have shown to be quite sexist in their appearances. It has been shown these kind of character appearances have influenced peoples' beliefs about gender capabilities by assigning certain qualities

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Specifically, in the immigrant demographic, migrant women are subject to lesser benefits and wage gaps compared to that of what migrant men receive. Preceding 1984 to 1994–2004, Mexican migrant women earned $ 6.0 to $ 7.40 per hour alongside their unpaid domestic responsibilities. Similarly, gender

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theory states that due to these systemic factors of oppression and discrimination, women are often deprived of equal work experiences because they are not provided equal opportunities on the basis of legal rights. Liberal feminists further propose that an end needs to be put to discrimination based

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One's performance at work is also evaluated based on one's gender. If a female and a male worker show the same performance, the implications of that performance vary depending on the person's gender and on who observes the performance; if a man performs exceedingly well he is perceived as driven or

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gender stereotyping. Researchers took participants through a fictional "Moral Choice Dilemma Task", which presented eight scenarios "in which sacrificing one person can save several others of unspecified gender. In four scenarios, participants are asked to sacrifice a man to save several others (of

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In India, the women are married young, and are expected to run the household, even if they did not finish school. It is seen as shameful if a woman has to work outside of the house in order to help support the family. Many women are starting jewelry businesses inside their houses and have their own

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Besides North America and Europe, there are other regions whose gender roles are also changing. In Asia, Hong Kong is very close to the USA because the female surgeons in these societies are focused heavily on home life, whereas Japan is focused more on work life. After a female surgeon gives birth

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Throughout history spouses have been charged with certain societal functions. With the rise of the New World came the expected roles that each spouse was to carry out specifically. Husbands were typically working farmers - the providers. Wives were caregivers for children and the home. However, the

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The institution of marriage influences gender roles, inequality, and change. In the United States, gender roles are communicated by the media, social interaction, and language. Through these platforms society has influenced individuals to fulfill from a young age the stereotypical gender roles in a

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The 'Family Violence Framework' applies gender dynamics to family violence. "Families are constructed around relationships that involve obligations and responsibilities, but also status and power". According to Hattery and Smith, when "masculinity and femininity are constructed...to generate these

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Feminist theory generally defines gender as a social construct that includes ideologies governing feminine/masculine (female/male) appearances, actions, and behaviors. An example of these gender roles would be that males were supposed to be the educated breadwinners of the family, and occupiers of

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While the distinction between male and female sports exist, females participating in male sports is more socially acceptable than the reverse, as questions would arise regarding the masculinity of males competing in the female sports. In a study conducted by Klomsten et al. (2005), they discovered

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The element of beauty in women's sport seems to play a crucial role in the perceived femininity of a sport. This could be due to it being a vital facet in the general concept of femininity itself. The objectification of the female form persists, with women being conditioned to utilize their bodies

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in work experiment, proving that "women are socialized to be more expressive of their feelings and to show this to a greater extent in facial expressions and gestures, as well as by verbal means". The study extended to the biological characteristics of both gender groups — for a higher association

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dependence-based'. In the US people tend to experience emotions in terms of opposition whereas in China, they do so in dialectical terms (i.e., those of logical argumentation and contradictory forces). The study continued with sets of psychological tests among university students in Beijing and in

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With the importance of education emphasized nationwide, and the access of college degrees (online, for example), women have begun furthering their educations. Women have also started to get more involved in recreation activities such as sports, which in the past were regarded to be for men. Family

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After around the year 1980, divorce rates in the United States stabilized. Scholars in the area of sociology explain that this stabilization was due to several factors including, but not limited to, the shift in gender roles. The attitude concerning the shift in gender roles can be classified into

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Sociologist Linda L. Lindsey critiqued the notion that gender roles are a result of prenatal hormone exposure, saying that while hormones may explain sex differences like sexual orientation and gender identity, they "cannot account for gender differences in other roles such as nurturing, love, and

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Sexual orientation is defined by the interplay between a person's emotional and physical attraction toward others. Generally, sexual orientation is broken into the three categories: heterosexual, homosexual and bisexual. By basic definition, the term heterosexual is typically used in reference to

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The concept of gender inequality is often perceived as something that is non-existent within the online community, because of the anonymity possible online. Remote or home-working greatly reduces the volume of information one individual gives another compared to face-to-face encounters, providing

3828:, impacted the employment of migrant men and women, specifically women with lower wages and higher demands. This trend continued in the United States as immigration policy has persistently been grouped into political affiliations alongside various other social, economic, and geographical factors. 3745:

Sport media coverage of males and females differ significantly and this could attribute to the perpetuation of stereotypical gender roles as well as adversely influencing perceptions of women's abilities. Male athletes are often portrayed based on their strength and physical prowess, while female

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As strength has been strongly associated to masculinity for many years, sports have evolved into a significant representation of expressions of masculinity and hence, are commonly perceived as a predominantly male domain. However, this does not completely neglect the position and role of women in

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Societies can change such that the gender roles rapidly change. The 21st century has seen a shift in gender roles due to multiple factors such as new family structures, education, media, and several others. A 2003 survey by the Bureau of Labor Statistics indicated that about 1/3 of wives may earn

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Candace West and Don H. Zimmerman developed an interactionist perspective on gender beyond its construction of "roles." For them, gender is "the product of social doings of some sort undertaken by men and women whose competence as members of society is hostage to its production." This approach is

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In feminine cultures, modesty and relationships are important characteristics. This differs from masculine cultures, where self-enhancement leads to self-esteem. Masculine cultures are individualistic and feminine cultures are more collective because of the significance of personal relationships.

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challenge traditional gender roles in their division of household responsibilities, and gender roles within homosexual relationships are flexible. For instance, cleaning and cooking, traditionally regarded by many as both female responsibilities, might be assigned to different people. Carrington

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Related to this is the Father's Rights Movement, whose members seek social and political reforms that affect fathers and their children. These individuals contest that societal institutions such as family courts, and laws relating to child custody and child support payments, are gender biased in

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Television's influence on society, specifically the influence of television advertisements, is shown in studies such as that of Jörg Matthes, Michael Prieler, and Karoline Adam. Their study into television advertising has shown that women are much more likely to be shown in a setting in the home

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Men, on the other hand, were taught to be less expressive, to suppress their emotions, and to be less nonverbally active in communication and more sporadic in their use of nonverbal cues. Most studies researching nonverbal communication described women as being more expressively and judgmentally

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A big change was seen in Hong Kong because the wives used to deal with unhappy marriage. Now, Chinese wives have been divorcing their husbands when they feel unhappy with their marriages, and are stable financially. This makes the wife seem more in control of her own life, instead of letting her

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and the severity of her sentencing, particularly among female murderers. "In terms of the social realities of justice in America, the experiences of diverse groups of people in society have contributed to the shaping of the types of criminals and victims that we have had. Like Andersen and Hill

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where users are able to create their own characters. This freedom allows the user to create characters and identities with a different appearance than their own in reality, essentially allowing them to create a new identity, confirming that regardless of actual gender those who are perceived as

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Across all demographics, women are more likely to live in poverty compared to men. This is largely due to the gender wage gap between men and women. Correcting these wage gaps would increase women's salaries from an annual average earning of $ 41,402 to $ 48,326 increasing the income of the U.S

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While online sites that promote and cover female athletes exist, these coverages are primarily only found in "niche" sites, which continues to pose challenges in overcoming the prevailing ideology of hegemonic masculinity deeply rooted in sports. Therefore, despite the growing participation and

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A study of gender stereotypes by Jacobs (1991) found that parents' stereotypes interact with the sex of their child to directly influence the parents' beliefs about the child's abilities. In turn, parents' beliefs about their child directly influence their child's self-perceptions, and both the

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has become an integral part of daily life for nearly everyone, serving as a dominant source of information and communication. Women's presentation on social media is directly influenced, with platforms utilizing metrics like numbers and publicity to endorse certain ideals in posts. Perceptions

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to provide an equal hiring and promotional process, that practice has had limited success. The pay gap between men and women is slowly closing. Women make approximately 21% less than her male counterpart according to the Department of Labor. This number varies by age, race, and other perceived

3507:

They also identified in the second method that the mothers' positive reactions and responses to same-sex or opposite-sex toys played a role in how children identified them. Within the third method the results found that the mothers of the children who passed the "Gender Labeling Test" had more

3404:

gender roles: for example, girls being encouraged to play "house" may promote stereotypically feminine traits, and may promote interpersonal relationships as playing house does not necessarily have fixed rules or objectives; boys tended to play more competitive and adversarial team sports with

14286:

The reason some individuals develop a gay sexual identity has not been definitively established – nor do we yet understand the development of heterosexuality. The American Psychological Association (APA) takes the position that a variety of factors impact a person's sexuality. The most recent

4361:

One major concern of feminism, is that women occupy lower-ranking job positions than men, and do most of the housework. A recent (October 2009) report from the Center for American Progress, "The Shriver Report: A Woman's Nation Changes Everything" tells us that women now make up 48% of the US

3872:

One example of an implicit gender stereotype is that males are seen as better at mathematics than females. It has been found that men have stronger positive associations with mathematics than women, while women have stronger negative associations with mathematics and the more strongly a woman

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found "Around the world, women spend two to ten times more time on unpaid care work than men." In 2020 alone, women provided over $ 689 billion in unpaid labor to the U.S. economy. Lee and Fang found, "Compared with Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, and Asian Americans took more extensive caregiving

3724:

As the belief in gender stereotypes is continuously upheld in society, sporting events have been divided according to how the sport is characterised, which leads to the conceptualisation of male and female sports. Certain traits and sporting events in the sport domain have conventionally been

7240:

By the term, gender role, we mean all those things that a person says or does to disclose himself or herself as having the status of boy or man, girl or woman, respectively. It includes, but is not restricted to sexuality in the sense of eroticism. Gender role is appraised in relation to the

6872:

Eagly, A. H. (2004). Prejudice: Toward a more inclusive understanding. In A. H. Eagly, R. M. Baron, & V. L. Hamilton (Eds.), The social psychology of group identity and social conflict: Theory, application, and practice (pp. 45–64). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association.

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receptive sexual partner, adopted effeminate mannerisms, and perhaps even dressed in women's clothing. This assumption is flawed because homosexual couples tend to have more equal roles, and the effeminate behavior of some gay men is usually not adopted consciously, and is often more subtle.

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for expressing their desire, being more aware of their sexual desire or succumbing to the expectations of their cultures. When feminine people employ tactics to show their sexual desire, they are typically more indirect in nature. On the other hand, it is known masculinity is associated with

3343:

Communication plays a large role in the process in which people become male or female because each gender is taught different linguistic practices. Gender is dictated by society through expectations of behavior and appearances, and then is shared from one person to another, by the process of

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An example of gender stereotypes assumes those of the male gender are more 'tech savvy' and happier working online, however, a study done by Hargittai & Shafer, shows that many women also typically have lower self-perceived abilities when it comes to use of the World Wide Web and online

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A review article of stereotype threat research (2012) relating to the relationship between gender and mathematical abilities concluded "that although stereotype threat may affect some women, the existing state of knowledge does not support the current level of enthusiasm for this mechanism

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Additionally, when voters have little information about a female candidate, they are likely to view her as being a stereotypical woman which they often take as a basis for not electing her because they consider typical male qualities as being crucial for someone holding a political office.

3547:

The brain has limited perceptual and memory systems, so it categorizes information into fewer and simpler units which allows for more efficient information processing. Gender stereotypes appear to have an effect at an early age. In one study, the effects of gender stereotypes on children's

3302:

A study by Richard Bagozzi, Nancy Wong and Youjae Yi, examines the interaction between culture and gender that produces distinct patterns of association between positive and negative emotions. The United States was considered a more 'independence-based culture', while China was considered

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to feminism. The men's rights movement denies that men are privileged relative to women. The movement is divided into two camps: those who consider men and women to be harmed equally by sexism, and those who view society as endorsing the degradation of men and upholding female privilege.

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Elections of increasing numbers of women into office serves as a basis for many scholars to claim that voters are not biased towards a candidate's gender. However, it has been shown that female politicians are perceived as only being superior when it comes to handling women's rights and

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a study on adults and television media has also seen that the more television adults watch, the more likely they are to believe or support the gender roles that are illustrated. The support of the presented gender stereotypes can lead to a negative view of feminism or sexual aggression.

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traditional family values. These two studies, conducted by Beverly I. Fagot, Mar D. Leinbach and Cherie O'Boyle, showed that gender stereotyping and labeling is acquired at a very young age, and that social interactions and associations play a large role in how genders are identified.

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Nosek BA, Smyth FL, Sriram N, Lindner NM, Devos T, Ayala A, BarAnan Y, Bergh R, Cai H, Gonsalkorale K, Kesebir S, Maliszewski N, Neto F, Olli E, Park J, Schnabel K, Shiomura K, Tulbure B, Wiers RW, Somogyi M, Akrami N, Ekehammar B, Vianello M, Banaji MR, Greenwald AG (30 June 2009).

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Gender differences appear to exist in communicating sexual desire, for example, masculine people are generally perceived to be more interested in sex than feminine people, and research suggests that masculine people are more likely than feminine people to express sexual interest.

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societies. However, an attempted verification of this study found "that multiple methodological failures all bias their results in the same direction...their analysis does not contradict the wide body of empirical evidence for gendered divisions of labor in foraging societies".

5760:. There is considerably more evidence supporting nonsocial, biological causes of sexual orientation than social ones, especially for males. There is no substantive evidence which suggests parenting or early childhood experiences play a role with regard to sexual orientation. 3588:

involves the risk of confirming, as self-characteristic, a negative stereotype about one's group. In the case of gender it is the implicit belief in gender stereotype that women perform worse than men in mathematics, which is proposed to lead to lower performance by women.

4130:

on social media platforms can further exacerbate discriminatory recommendations, reflecting the biases of programmers. Overall, social media's influence on gender norms is profound, shaping perceptions, behaviors, and opportunities in both virtual and real-life settings.

2621:-like behavior, were less interested in dolls, and were less likely to make-believe as parents. A number of methodological problems with the studies have been identified. A study on 1950s American teenage girls who had been exposed to androgenic steroids by their mothers 2522:

In recent years, the majority of Money's theories regarding the importance of socialization in the determination of gender have come under intense criticism, especially in connection with the inaccurate reporting of success in the "John/Joan" case, later revealed to be

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and figure skating, males and females don different uniforms in competitions. In the aforementioned sports, female uniforms expose more of their bodies than the male uniforms do despite the lack of evidence that such uniforms would significantly improve their skills.

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privileged relative to women... Having denied that men are privileged relative to women, this movement divides into those who believe that men and women are equally harmed by sexism and those who believe that society has become a bastion of female privilege and male

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are disproportionally affected by the negative influence their gender has on their chances in the labor market. In 2005, women held only 14.7% of Fortune 500 board seats with 79% of them being white and 21% being women of color. This difference is understood through

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occupying management positions is slowly increasing, women currently fill only 2.5% of the higher managerial positions in the United States. The fact that most women are being allocated to occupations that pay less, is often cited as a contributor to the existing

3021:. Men and women are typically associated with certain social roles, dependent upon the personality traits associated with those roles. Traditionally, the role of the homemaker is associated with a woman and the role of a breadwinner is associated with a male. 3275:

According to Professor Lei Chang, gender attitudes within the domains of work and domestic roles, can be measured using a cross-cultural gender role attitudes test. Psychological processes of the East have historically been analysed using Western models (or

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It has been shown that this stereotype also reflects mathematical performance: a study was done on the worldwide scale and it was found that the strength of this mathematics-gender stereotype in varying countries correlates with 8th graders' scores on the

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fewer opportunities for unequal treatment but it seems real-world notions of power and privilege are being duplicated: people who choose to take up different identities (avatars) in the online world are (still) routinely discriminated against, evident in

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compared to men. The study also shows that women are shown much less in work-like settings. This underrepresentation in television advertising is seen in many countries around the world, but is very present in developed countries. In another study in the

2347:(an exaggerated and simplified version of a phenomenon, used for analytical purposes) rather than how they appear in reality. Model A described a total separation of male and female roles, while Model B described the complete dissolution of gender roles. 4403:, in which she states, "Gendered characteristics – typically masculine or feminine behaviors, interests, or values-are not innate, nor are they arbitrary. They are formed by historical circumstances. They can also change with historical circumstances." 2472:

other hand, define relatively overlapping social roles for the sexes, in which, in particular, men need not be ambitious or competitive but may go for a different quality of life than material success; men may respect whatever is small, weak, and slow.

13347:

Shuttleworth, Sally. "Female Circulation: Medical Discourse and Popular Advertising in the Mid-Victorian Era." Body/Politics: Women and the Discourses of Science. Eds. Mary Jacobus, Evelyn Fox Keller and Sally Shuttleworth. New York: Routledge, 1990.

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divided this into two different studies; the first investigated how children identified the differences between gender labels of boys and girls, the second study looked at both gender labeling and stereotyping in the relationship of mother and child.

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show about transgender youth", said RuPaul. "It was obvious that we, as a culture, have a hard time trying to understand the difference between a drag queen, transsexual, and a transgender, yet we find it very easy to know the difference between the

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the public sphere whereas, the female's duty was to be a homemaker, take care of her husband and children, and occupy the private sphere. According to contemporary gender role ideology, gender roles are continuously changing. This can be seen in

3613: 3313:

Michigan. The fundamental goals of the research were to show that "gender differences in emotions are adaptive for the differing roles that males and females play in the culture". The evidence for differences in gender role was found during the

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evolutionary and led to the establishment of traditional gender roles, with women in the domestic sphere and men dominant in every other area. However, this view pre-assumes a view of nature that is contradicted by the fact that women engage in

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of female beauty. The emphasis on body image on social media platforms fosters daily comparisons and exposes individuals to sexualized media, increasing self-image insecurity. Furthermore, social media has also contributed to the spread of

3757:

The depiction of female athletes and women's sport in the media also tends to vary in terms of tone, production quality in a manner that minimises their efforts and performance. One prevalent practice in sport media coverage is the use of

3175:

dynamic structures are changing, and the number of single-mother or single-father households is increasing. Fathers are also becoming more involved with raising their children, instead of the responsibility resting solely with the mother.

2285:, gender role theory "treats these differing distributions of women and men into roles as the primary origin of sex-differentiated social behavior, their impact on behavior is mediated by psychological and social processes." According to 2090:

The specifics regarding these gendered expectations may vary among cultures, while other characteristics may be common throughout a range of cultures. In addition, gender roles (and perceived gender roles) vary based on a person's race or

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that a majority of the females believed that certain sports are better suited for girls than for boys. Hence, they inferred that females do not prefer the idea of males, known to be strong and masculine, participating in feminine sports.

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favor of mothers as the default caregiver. They therefore are systemically discriminatory against males regardless of their actual caregiving ability, because males are typically seen as the bread-winner, and females as the care-giver.

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have also used the term "horizontal oppressions" to describe this phenomenon. It has also been suggested that women of color in addition to the glass ceiling, face a "concrete wall" or a "sticky floor" to better visualize the barriers.

3642:

A study in 2001 found that if a woman does act according to female stereotypes, she is likely to receive backlash for not being competent enough; if she does not act according to the stereotypes connected to her gender and behaves more

5790:

Cohabitating same-sex partners are typically egalitarian when they assign domestic chores. Sometimes these couples assign traditional female responsibilities to one partner and traditional male responsibilities to the other. Same-sex

3351:

As found by Cara Tigue (McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada) the importance of powerful vocal delivery for women in leadership could not be underestimated, as famously described in accounts of Margaret Thatcher's years in power.

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Historically, gender roles have been largely attributed to biological differences in men and women. Although research indicates that biology plays a role in gendered behavior, the extent of its effects on gender roles is less clear.

4143:

In the journal article written by Elizabeth Behm-Morawitz video games have been guilty of using sexualised female characters, who wear revealing clothing with an 'ideal' figure. It has been shown, female gamers can experience lower

4140:

navigation skills. Because this stereotype is so well known many women assume they lack such technical skills when in reality, the gap in technological skill level between men and women is significantly less than many women assume.

3514:, in the 1920s, made the point: "It is obvious that the values of women differ very often from the values which have been made by the other sex. Yet it is the masculine values that prevail", remade sixty years later by psychologist 3389:, there are distinct communication 'cultures' for women and men in the US. She believes that in addition to female and male communication cultures, there are also specific communication cultures for African Americans, older people, 3876:

These associations have been disputed for their biological connection to gender and have been attributed to social forces that perpetuate stereotypes such as aforementioned stereotype that men are better at mathematics than women.

3662:

Consequently, that gender stereotype filter leads to a lack of fair evaluation and, in turn, to fewer women occupying higher paying positions. Gender stereotypes contain women at certain, lower levels; getting trapped within the

4115:. However, gender disparities persist, with male influencers generally outperforming their female counterparts. Additionally, media contents across various platforms perpetuate gender stereotypes, with women often portrayed in 7903:

Encouraging one's daughter to pursue a career in medicine is no longer an unusual idea... Americans are now more likely to report that they feel comfortable recommending a career in medicine for a young woman than for a young

3028:

The numbers also vary between countries. For example, China has many more young men than young women, and this disparity is expected to increase. In regions with recent conflict, such as Chechnya, women greatly outnumber men.

4358:". The "mystique" was derived from women equipped with the knowledge, skills, and aspirations of the workforce, the "public sphere", who felt compelled whether socially or morally to devote themselves to the home and family. 3552:, demonstrated the gender stereotype that mathematics is a 'boy's subject'. This may show that the mathematical self-belief is influenced before the age in which there are discernible differences in mathematical achievement. 3368:

McQuiston and Morris also noted a major difference in men and women's nonverbal communication. They found that men tend to show body language linked to dominance, like eye contact and interpersonal distance, more than women.

5811:

Conversely, heterosexual men and women who are not perceived as being sufficiently masculine or feminine, respectively, may be assumed to be, or suspected to be, homosexual, and persecuted for their perceived homosexuality.

8004:

Hackman, J.R. (1992). "Group influences on individuals in organizations". In M.D. Dunnette & L.M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 3). Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press,

14530:. Retrieved 27 December 2014. "In a culture of homophobia (an irrational fear of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people), GLBT people often face a heightened risk of violence specific to their sexual identities." 3729:

for the satisfaction of others and to measure their looks against the prevailing feminine standard. The devaluation of female athleticism due their bodies can be seen in the sport uniforms, where in some sports, such as

3393:, gay men, lesbians, and people with disabilities. According to Wood, it is generally thought that biological sex is behind the distinct ways of communicating, but in her opinion the root of these differences is gender. 3708:

attributes of hiring agents. A proposed step towards solving the problem of the gender pay gap and the unequal work opportunities is the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment which would constitutionally guarantee

2902:

to a certain extent, such as by covering their hair. (Women visiting from other countries sometimes object to this norm and sometimes decide to comply on pragmatic grounds, in the interest of their own safety , such as

2677:, responders were asked if they thought that wage work should be restricted to only men in the case of shortage in jobs: in Iceland the proportion that agreed with the proposition was 3.6%; while in Egypt it was 94.9%. 2318:, contends that being female is not "natural" and that it appears natural only through repeated performances of gender; these performances, in turn, reproduce and define the traditional categories of sex and/or gender. 4086:

plays a significant role in this, particularly affecting the mental health of young women and men who internalize beauty standards portrayed online, leading to dissatisfaction and harassment. A survey conducted by the

2769:

can vary considerably today (as they have varied historically since the first century church). This is especially true in marriage and in formal ministry positions within certain Christian denominations, churches, and

5796:

observed the daily home lives of 52 gay and lesbian couples and found that the length of the work week and level of earning power substantially affected the assignment of housework, regardless of gender or sexuality.

4262:

often still perceived as a masculine trait. Therefore, female candidates are running based on gender-opposing stereotypes because that predicts higher likelihood of success than appearing to be a stereotypical woman.

4172:

Despite the growing number of women who partake in online communities, and the anonymous space provided by the Internet, issues such as gender inequality, the issue has simply been transplanted into the online world.

3417:

is linked to emotions and communicative expression. Communication is central in expressing sexual desire and "complicated emotional states", and is also the "mechanism for negotiating the relationship implications of

3931:. Girls feel pressured and stressed to achieve a particular appearance, and there have been negative consequences for the young girls if they fail to achieve this look. These consequences have ranged from anxiety to 3518:

who used it to show that psychological tests of maturity have generally been based on masculine parameters, and so tended to show that women were less 'mature'. Gilligan countered this in her ground-breaking work,

5807:

from homophobic persecution who have been turned away by US customs for "not being gay enough"; not conforming sufficiently to standard (Western) conceptions of the gender roles occupied by gays and lesbians.

3185:

allows gender roles to become less distinct and according to Donnalyn Pompper, is the reason "men no longer own breadwinning identities and, like women, their bodies are objectified in mass media images." The

3016:

In the U.S., marriage roles are generally decided based on gender. For approximately the past seven decades, heterosexual marriage roles have been defined for men and women based on society's expectations and

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Metts, S., Sprecher, S., & Regan, P. C. (1998). Communication and sexual desire. In P. A. Andersen & L. K. Guerrero (Eds.) Handbook of communication and emotion. (pp. 354–377). San Diego: Academic

14762:

Ballinger, A. (1996.) The Guilt of the Innocent and the Innocence of the Guilty: The Cases of Marie Fahmy and Ruth Ellis. In Wight, S. & Myers, A. (Eds.) No Angels: Women Who Commit Violence. London:

4126:, while men are associated with gaming and knowledge. On an economic aspect, social media is driven by gendered advertisements and commercials, often reinforcing stereotypical representations of gender. 2299:

According to Eagly et al., the consequences of gender roles and stereotypes are sex-typed social behavior because roles and stereotypes are both socially-shared descriptive norms and prescriptive norms.

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Hindu deities are more ambiguously gendered than the deities of other world religions. This informs female and males relations, and informs how the differences between males and females are understood.

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countries are centered on the importance of the family unit, which is viewed as the basis of a balanced and healthy society. Islamic views on gender roles and family are traditionally conservative.

9362:

Maltz, D., & Borker, R. (1982). A cultural approach to male-female miscommunication. In J. Gumperz (Ed.), Language and social identity (pp. 196–216). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

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outstanding athletic achievements of girls and women, female athletes and women's sports still have a long way to go in achieving equal treatment and fair representation in sports media coverage.

4341:

However, after the war, men returned home to the United States and women, again, saw a shift in social and professional dynamics. With the reuniting of the nuclear family, the ideals of American

4161:

In contrast to the traditional stereotype that gamers are mostly male, a study in 2014 of U.K. residents showed that 52% of the gaming audience was made up of women. The study counted players of

2805:

denominations are beginning to relax their longstanding constraints on ordaining women to be ministers, though some large groups are tightening their constraints in reaction. Many subsets of the

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The same test found that the strength of a Singaporean child's mathematics-gender stereotype and gender identity predicted the child's association between individuals and mathematical ability.

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How gender roles are honored is largely cultural. While some cultures encourage men and women to take on the same roles, others promote a more traditional, less dominant role for the women.

14328:

No conclusive evidence supports any one specific cause of homosexuality; however, most researchers agree that biological and social factors influence the development of sexual orientation.

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aggressive behavior in almost all mammals, and most likely explains at least part of the fact that masculine people are more likely to express their sexual interest. This is known as the

2680:

Attitudes have also varied historically. For example, in Europe, during the Middle Ages, women were commonly associated with roles related to medicine and healing. Because of the rise of

2500:

orientation'." "Money and his colleagues used their own studies to state in the extreme what these days seems extraordinary for its complete denial of the notion of natural inclination."

1001: 11419:

Billings AC, Angelini JR (2007). "Communication Quarterly: Packaging the games for viewer consumption: Gender, ethnicity, and nationality in NBC's coverage of the 2004 Summer Olympics".

3280:) that have been translated, which potentially, is a more far-reaching process than linguistic translation. Some North American instruments for assessing gender role attitudes include: 16321: 15159: 4518:

heads a commission focused on the creation of a "White House Council on Boys and Men" as a counterpart to the "White House Council on Women and Girls" which was formed in March 2009.

2684:

across Europe and the institutionalization of medicine, these roles became exclusively associated with men. In the last few decades, these roles have become largely gender-neutral in

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stated that homosexual communities are generally more tolerant of switching gender roles. For instance, someone with a masculine voice, a five o'clock shadow (or a fuller beard), an

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the US, public opinion in general appears to show a substantial bias toward favoring a mother as a care-taker versus a father, regardless of any shift in actual roles each plays.

13433: 9382:

Baumeister R, Catanese K, Vohs K (2001). "Is there a gender difference in strength of sex drive? Theoretical views, conceptual distinctions, and a review of relevant evidence".

7980: 2071:, is a set of socially accepted behaviors and attitudes deemed appropriate or desirable for individuals based on their sex. Gender roles are usually centered on conceptions of 4454:

in the early-1970s. The men's rights movement is made up of a variety of groups and individuals who are concerned about what they consider to be issues of male disadvantage,

2519:

which he defined in a seminal 1955 paper as "all those things that a person says or does to disclose himself or herself as having the status of boy or man, girl or woman."

14732:

Morgan, D. (2006) Not gay enough for the government: Racial and sexual stereotypes in sexual orientation asylum cases. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Legal Issues

2625:

exhibited more traditionally masculine behavior, such as being more concerned about their future career than marriage, wearing pants, and not being interested in jewelry.

2206:

and cisgender women have historically been treated as relevant in certain contexts, especially those where biological traits may yield an unfair advantage, such as sport.

11734: 5241: 3891:, a standardized math and science achievement test that is given worldwide. The results were controlled for general gender inequality and yet were still significant. 14480: 8856: 4362:

workforce and "mothers are breadwinners or co-breadwinners in a majority of families" (63.3%, see figure 2, page 19 of the Executive Summary of The Shriver Report).

11609: 9462:

Perot, Byrne Murnen SK, Perot A, Byrne D (1989). "Coping with unwanted sexual activity: Normative responses, situational determinants, and individual differences".

20759: 5285: 4318:

Cmdr. Adrienne Simmons speaking at the 2008 ceremony for the only women's mosque in Khost City, a symbol of progress for growing women's rights in the Pashtun belt

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found that women are more likely to have multiple social media accounts, making them more likely to internalize their body image and be influenced by the cultural

2731:

Different religious and cultural groups within one country may have different norms that they attempt to "police" within their own groups, including gender norms.

1507: 9217:"Gender Differences in Communication." Intercultural Communication: A Global Reader. Ed. Fred E. Jandt. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2004. 221–29. Print. 4021: 16277: 6782:

London's Sapphists: From Three Sexes to Four Genders in the Making of Modern Culture. In Third Sex, Third Gender: Beyond Sexual Dimorphism in Culture and History

12625:

Behm-Morawitz E, Mastro D (1 December 2009). "The Effects of the Sexualization of Female Video Game Characters on Gender Stereotyping and Female Self-Concept".

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gender role - patterns of behavior, attitudes, and personality attributes that are traditionally considered in a particular culture to be feminine or masculine.

19805: 15480: 15164: 13382:

All these cases of perceived discrimination make up the men's rights view that men are considered, by government and society, to be more expendable than women.

9667: 4327: 2480:'The dominant values in a masculine society are achievement and success; the dominant values in a feminine society are caring for others and quality of life'. 533: 8522:

Lucier-Greer M, Adler-Baeder F (2016). "Gender role attitude malleability in the context of divorce and remarriage: A longitudinal growth curve perspective".

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Dietz TL (March 1998). "An Examination of Violence and Gender Role Portrayals in Video Games: Implications for Gender Socialization and Aggressive Behavior".

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Cahill, S. E. (1986) Language practices and self definition: The case of gender identity acquisition. The Sociological Quarterly vol. 27, issue 3, pp 295–311

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Dill KE, Thill KP (December 2007). "Video Game Characters and the Socialization of Gender Roles: Young People's Perceptions Mirror Sexist Media Depictions".

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Eagly, A.H. (1997). Sex differences in social behavior: Comparing social role theory and evolutionary psychology. American Psychologist, December 1380–1383.

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are the unconscious influence of attitudes a person may or may not even be aware that he or she holds. Gender stereotypes can also be held in this manner.

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Aubrey JS, Harrison K (May 2004). "The Gender-Role Content of Children's Favorite Television Programs and Its Links to Their Gender-Related Perceptions".

4611:"People who were assigned a sex, usually at birth and based on their genitals, but who feel that this is a false or incomplete description of themselves." 20013: 13875: 8248:

Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam, ed. India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 69.

2840:, founders of religious orders, military leaders, monarchs and martyrs, evidencing the variety of roles played by women within the life of Christianity. 749: 7566: 3548:

mathematical abilities were tested. In this study of American children between the ages of six and ten, it was found that the children, as early as the

2143:

encompassing a range of behaviors and attitudes that are generally considered acceptable, appropriate, or desirable for a person based on that person's

18157: 18014: 16363: 3365:

accurate in nonverbal communication when it was linked to emotional expression; other nonverbal expressions were similar or the same for both genders.

2218:, which refers to the internal sense of one's own gender, whether or not it aligns with categories offered by societal norms. The point at which these 13896: 13717: 10163:

Gorman EH (August 2005). "Gender Stereotypes, Same-Gender Preferences, and Organizational Variation in the Hiring of Women: Evidence from Law Firms".

3659:, as it would prohibit gender-based discrimination regardless of if a woman is acting according to female gender stereotypes, or in defiance of them. 2698:, wearing a woman's dress and high heels, carrying a purse would most likely draw ridicule or other unfriendly attention in ordinary social contexts. 21154: 20537: 17982: 12130: 1918: 1281: 13801: 19964: 17481: 12722: 11852:"Immigration Politics and Policymaking in the USA (2017–2021): Examining the Effect of Geopolitics on Public Attitude Towards Immigration Policies" 7591: 5756:, and do not view it as a choice. Although no single theory on the cause of sexual orientation has yet gained widespread support, scientists favor 3331: 2050: 700: 3540:

Gender stereotypes are extremely common in society. One of the reasons this may be is simply because it is easier on the brain to stereotype (see

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Hall, J. A. (1990). Nonverbal sex differences: Accuracy of communication and expressive style. Baltimore, MD, US: Johns Hopkins University Press.

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This page contains current numbers of women officeholders serving in 2017 with links on the right to basic fact sheets for each level of office.

6533:

Transitioning can be made much more difficult by persistent misconceptions, including the myth that transgender people belong to a third gender.

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Ideas of appropriate gendered behavior vary among cultures and era, although some aspects receive more widespread attention than others. In the

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heterosexual marriage. Roles traditionally distributed according to biological sex are increasingly negotiated by spouses on an equal footing.

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meeting seemed an extraordinary feature of the Religious Society of Friends, worth recording for a wider public. Engraving by Bernard Picart,

2202:

Many transgender people identify simply as men or women, and do not constitute a separate third gender. Biological differences between (some)

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Throughout the 20th century, women in the United States saw a dramatic shift in social and professional aspirations and norms. Following the

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propagated through social media significantly shape real-life thinking and opinions regarding gender. According to professor Brook Duffy at

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A number of studies conducted since the mid-90s have found direct correlation between a female criminal's ability to conform to gender role

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argues that "gendered interactions, structure, and cultural meanings are intertwined, in both mutually reinforcing and contradictory ways."

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Gender communication is viewed as a form of intercultural communication; and gender is both an influence on and a product of communication.

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individuals, who, Money realized, 'would provide invaluable material for the comparative study for bodily form and physiology, rearing, and

20542: 16138: 13842: 11909: 9935: 9874: 9624: 5928: 5169: 4692: 3782: 3335: 2836:", i.e. "Mother of God". Women prominent in Christianity have included contemporaries of Jesus, subsequent theologians, abbesses, mystics, 2405:

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Housekeeping and child care are the primary functions of the woman; participation of the man in these functions is only partially wanted.

20512: 20106: 19638: 10023: 5783:. Gender identity and sexual orientation are two separate aspects of individual identity, although they are often mistaken in the media. 5471: 3655:. This puts women in the workforce in a precarious, "double bind" situation. A proposed step to protect women is the ratification of the 1256: 842: 358: 14541: 10936:"The influence of sex stereotypes and gender roles on participation and performance in sport and exercise: review and future directions" 19790: 15473: 15322: 14573: 10088: 9427:

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13776: 11727: 10643: 9617:"A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition" 2973:, which prominently features female and androgynous deities, some gender transgression is allowed. This group is known as the 21283: 19864: 19795: 19523: 18718: 18638: 18613: 18492: 18372: 17975: 17775: 17246: 17059: 15466: 15447: 14915: 14874: 14675: 14464: 14437: 14355: 14314: 14272: 14040: 13915: 13686: 13625: 13604: 13581: 13560: 13510: 13476: 13459:

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Despite these challenges, social media has also created new opportunities for women in the workplace, particularly as

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For women, career is just as important as for men; equal professional opportunities for men and women are necessary.

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Woman takes care of the largest part of these functions; she educates children and cares for them in every way.

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Maltz and Broker's research suggested that the games children play may contribute to socializing children into

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In some Muslim-majority countries, even non-Muslim women are expected to follow Muslim female gender norms and

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The results of these studies showed the same as the first study with regards to labeling and stereotyping.

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sports. This is evident from the number of females participating in sport has increasing in recent years.

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with 118 single men per 100 single women in their 20s, versus 33 single men to 100 single women over 65.

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Neither partner dominates; solutions do not always follow the principle of finding a concerted decision;

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Co-educative schools, same content of classes for girls and boys, same qualification for men and women.

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Gender roles, therefore, are the expected attitudes and behaviors a society associates with each sex.

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like #loveyourself and #allbodiesarebeautiful have sparked movements to challenge these standards.

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of these tests showed that children under three years could make gender-stereotypic associations.

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when in public. In some Muslim countries, these differences are sometimes even codified in law.

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movements, have led efforts to change aspects of prevailing gender roles that they believe are

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gender roles that have been passed down traditionally can influence stereotypes about gender.

21343: 21169: 21129: 21062: 20959: 20907: 20834: 20589: 20353: 20260: 20235: 20230: 20210: 20205: 20200: 20140: 20088: 20048: 19954: 19924: 19822: 19440: 19240: 19203: 19101: 19010: 19005: 18980: 18708: 18688: 18538: 18458: 18431: 18362: 18130: 17903: 17623: 17583: 17573: 17528: 17377: 17330: 17288: 16947: 16907: 16618: 16581: 16123: 14548: 14258: 13615: 13592: 13546: 13468: 13401: 13395: 13367: 11745: 11089:

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did not automatically determine a child's gender role. Among the many terms Money coined was

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The Qur'an prescribes that the status of a woman should be nearly as high as that of a man.

21353: 21348: 21040: 20574: 20448: 20275: 20155: 20113: 20063: 20038: 19854: 19817: 19553: 19415: 19193: 19000: 18985: 18953: 18940: 18801: 18713: 18581: 18548: 18523: 18377: 18341: 18235: 18205: 18024: 17745: 17700: 17670: 17653: 17643: 17491: 17411: 17399: 17335: 17308: 17190: 17109: 17089: 17039: 16892: 16608: 16556: 16245: 16228: 16218: 16103: 16078: 15798: 15206: 15186: 15021: 14217: 14116:"The Association of Sexual Orientation Measures With Young Adults' Health-Related Outcomes" 14012: 13970: 12544: 12047: 11773: 11638: 11121: 10142: 9815: 9586: 9240: 9045: 8042: 7618: 7164: 6912: 6025: 5898: 5071: 4572:, a transgender activist at a demonstration for transgender people in Paris, 1 October 2005 4486: 4187: 3859: 3689: 3521: 3497:

The third study used a series of questionnaires such as an "Attitude Toward Women Scale", "

3435: 3187: 2888: 2634: 2245: 2183:), others recognize more. Some non-Western societies have three genders: men, women, and a 2160: 2158:, the process whereby an individual learns and acquires a gender role in society is termed 2148: 1804: 1318: 1192: 1011: 891: 849: 799: 774: 582: 545: 273: 127: 4165:

as part of the gaming audience, but still found that 56% of female gamers had played on a

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approach, gender roles are not fixed but are constantly renegotiated between individuals.

2368:

Gender-specific education; high professional qualification is important only for the man.

8: 21216: 21077: 20712: 20614: 20594: 20383: 20291: 20245: 20225: 20190: 20083: 19878: 19683: 19260: 19025: 18810: 18728: 18269: 18213: 18140: 17563: 17553: 17523: 17511: 17506: 17416: 17372: 17367: 17362: 17084: 17019: 16999: 16932: 16875: 16805: 16640: 16613: 16586: 16470: 16413: 16288: 16240: 16223: 16203: 15586: 15399: 15201: 15191: 15112: 14369:

Most health and mental health organizations do not view sexual orientation as a 'choice.'

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Wood, J (2010) Gendered lives: Communication, gender and culture. Cengage Learning. p. 37

9078:

Male 'Providers' and Female 'Housewives': A Gendered Co-Performance in Rural North India.

8177: 8085: 8081: 7856: 7415: 7301: 6516:"9 questions about gender identity and being transgender you were too embarrassed to ask" 5918: 5682: 5422: 5044: 5014: 4494:

abolition of the National Commission for Women. In the United Kingdom, the creation of a

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This particular stereotype has been found in American children as early as second grade.

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parents' stereotypes and the child's self-perceptions influence the child's performance.

3559:

In a later study, Deaux and her colleagues (1984) found that most people think women are

3327: 3232: 2926: 2726: 2673: 2155: 2110: 1980: 1841: 1462: 1358: 1338: 1127: 1035: 981: 961: 926: 819: 606: 403: 31: 14810:"Class, Race, and Gender in Criminology and Criminal Justice: Ways of Seeing Difference" 14595:

West, D.J. Homosexuality re-examined. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1977.

13593:"Virtual Backlash: Representation of Men's "Rights" and Feminist "Wrongs" in Cyberspace" 12520: 12485: 12051: 11281:"Female representation in feature articles published by Sports Illustrated in the 1990s" 11125: 9819: 9244: 9049: 7889:

The changing face of medicine: women doctors and the evolution of health care in America

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is the movement to end discrimination of gender altogether in society through means of

4482:, social safety nets, and health policies) that they believe discriminate against men. 4458:

and oppression. The movement focuses on issues in numerous areas of society (including

4407: 4382: 4234: 4169:. However, only 12% of game designers in Britain and 3% of all programmers were women. 4166: 4068: 3700:

on gender through legal means, leading to equality and major economic redistributions.

3652: 3597: 2974: 1745: 1740: 1730: 1678: 1668: 1643: 1577: 1535: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1343: 618: 11598:"Unpaid Care work: The missing link in the analysis of gender gaps in labour outcomes" 10711: 9827: 7949:

Halberstam, Judith, Female Masculinity, Duke University Press, Durham and London, 1998

5974: 3501:", and "Schaefer and Edgerton Scale" which looked at the family values of the mother. 3109:

Men and women in non-traditional gendered occupations clockwise from top left: a male

21248: 21159: 21087: 21072: 20871: 20814: 20619: 20527: 20418: 20338: 20175: 19470: 19311: 19304: 19298: 19081: 19076: 18990: 18792: 18533: 18500: 18367: 18228: 18176: 18135: 18113: 18081: 17939: 17796: 17675: 17638: 17633: 17613: 17608: 17578: 17543: 17496: 17486: 17357: 17283: 17273: 17266: 17256: 17156: 17149: 17124: 17114: 17099: 16964: 16937: 16722: 16702: 16687: 16670: 16561: 16551: 16487: 16453: 16438: 16172: 15936: 15591: 15576: 15541: 15437: 15226: 15097: 15087: 15066: 14947: 14911: 14870: 14794: 14671: 14596: 14567: 14523: 14506: 14460: 14433: 14408: 14386: 14351: 14310: 14268: 14236: 14180: 14145: 14046: 14036: 13928: 13911: 13682: 13656: 13621: 13600: 13577: 13556: 13506: 13502: 13472: 13405: 13371: 13360: 13332: 13211: 13183: 13132: 13097: 13043: 13008: 12816: 12789: 12756: 12681: 12646: 12607: 12603: 12576: 12564: 12525: 12507: 12417: 12370: 12335: 12286: 12247: 12168: 12149:"Content Analysis of Gender Roles in Media: Where Are We Now and Where Should We Go?" 12075: 12013: 11969: 11948: 11936: 11889: 11871: 11832: 11793: 11666: 11658: 11579: 11575: 11560:"Gendered Projects of Solidarity: Workplace Organizing among Immigrant Women and Men" 11532: 11486: 11463: 11405: 11366: 11223: 11141: 11075: 11021: 10966: 10951: 10819: 10696: 10610: 10532:

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London's Sapphists: From Three Sexes to Four Genders in the Making of Modern Culture.

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Despite the increasing participation and remarkable achievements of female athletes,

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looked at ten-minute play sessions with mother and child using gender-specific toys.

3138: 2871: 2853: 2581: 2147:. Sociologists tend to use the term "gender role" instead of "sex role", because the 2126: 2084: 2012: 1923: 1851: 1836: 1619: 1562: 1363: 1271: 1162: 1082: 911: 182: 14211:

Frankowski BL, American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Adolescence (June 2004).

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Many leadership roles in the organized church have been restricted to males. In the

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Gender roles are culturally specific, and while most cultures distinguish only two (

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communication. Gender does not create communication, communication creates gender.

3244: 3126: 3018: 2782: 2758: 1975: 1960: 1888: 1809: 1779: 1594: 1432: 1132: 680: 675: 513: 398: 18382: 16820: 13491:"Men's Collective Struggles for Gender Justice: The Case of Antiviolence Activism" 13207: 11439: 9204:

DeFrancisco, Victoria L., Catherine Helen Palczewski, and Danielle Dick McGeough.

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Another hypothesis attributes differences in gender roles to prenatal exposure to

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From approximately 1700 through 1900, women served as soldiers for the kingdom of

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A 1992 study tested gender stereotypes and labeling within young children in the

3419: 3182: 3142: 2963: 2821: 2710: 2695: 2630: 2590: 2577: 2400: 2336: 2214: 1990: 1898: 1794: 1735: 1587: 1572: 1552: 1517: 1226: 1137: 1072: 854: 804: 577: 423: 11052:"Media image: Sport, gender, and national identities in five European countries" 10967:"Age and gender differences in young people's perceptions of sport participants" 9405: 9120: 8826:"Rise in stay-at-home fathers fuelled by growing numbers of female breadwinners" 8418: 8274:

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their language, causing them to be more developed in nonverbal communication.

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Scholars consider the men's rights movement or parts of the movement to be a

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understanding of gender is distinguished from biological conceptions of sex.

1997: 1604: 1540: 1525: 1383: 1348: 1328: 1199: 1142: 1077: 445: 348: 21304:"Beyond Gender Choice: Mass Effect's varied inclusiveness – Gamecritics.com" 14231: 12282: 12227: 12148: 12060: 11159: 10795: 10323: 10211: 9568: 9440: 9167: 5191: 21067: 20954: 20782: 20749: 20729: 20659: 20649: 20629: 20609: 20240: 20133: 20128: 19859: 19834: 19693: 19633: 19598: 19568: 19035: 18336: 18313: 17293: 17195: 17134: 17069: 17064: 17024: 16974: 16739: 16717: 16576: 16571: 16497: 16463: 16058: 16048: 15956: 15768: 15670: 15645: 15601: 15211: 14950:. A short summary of international treaties concerning gender stereotyping. 14809: 14412: 14260:

Marriages, Families, and Relationships: Making Choices in a Diverse Society

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Chalabaev A, Sarrazin P, Fontayne P, Boiché J, Clément-Guillotin C (2013).

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Doing Gender, Doing Difference: Inequality, Power, and Institutional Change

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This may be greatly affected by masculine people being less inhibited by

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All housework is done by both parties to the marriage in equal shares.

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that adolescent girls have been affected by the stereotypical view of

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movements have embraced the ordination of women since their founding.

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One example of the contemporary definition of gender was depicted in

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allowing women to vote, and in combination with conflicts in Europe,

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of the late-nineteenth century, which resulted in the passage of the

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In 2018, Jolien A. van Breen and colleagues conducted research into

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structured, predetermined goals and a range of confined strategies.

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male or female must understand the differences between each gender.

3150: 2601:. Early research examining the effect of biology on gender roles by 2195:

has sometimes also been proposed as a third gender. An androgyne or

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criminal behavior". By contrast, some research indicates that both

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Westview Press. p. 7. 14029:Ryan CC, Futterman D (1998). 13995:". Retrieved 11 January 2012. 13864:Kallenbach M (16 June 2000). 13497:, Hearn J, Connell R (eds.). 13329:Has Feminism Changed Science? 13208:10.1080/00223980.1996.9915024 8453:. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 7707:. Penguin Books. p. 136. 7476:. Routledge. pp. 29–34. 7389:Gender, Work and Organization 7323:Macht A (25 September 2019). 7258:"The True Story of John/Joan" 6949:West C, Zimmerman DH (1987). 6937:Franco-German TV Station ARTE 5960: 5668:Social construction of gender 5617:Academic fields and discourse 4441:Save Indian Family Foundation 4071:, social media operates as a 3623:Women Airforce Service Pilots 3117:; women being sworn into the 3032:In a cross-cultural study by 2846:New Testament household codes 2483: 2274:disagree with that position. 2236:Social construction of gender 2191:has identified five genders. 2120: 2105:Various groups, most notably 1951:Second-generation gender bias 1659:Constitutional colorblindness 324:Social determinants of health 19072:Missing heritability problem 18664:Social aspects of television 18287:Evolution of nervous systems 18255:Computational theory of mind 17844:Suffragists and suffragettes 16194: 16129:Sex as a biological variable 15448:Gender and sexual identities 15197:Gender marking in job titles 14962:, Strategic Communications, 14845:10.1146/annurev.soc.22.1.459 14668:Interpersonal Relationships 14456:The Biology of Homosexuality 14299:Gail Wiscarz Stuart (2014). 14177:10.1080/00918369.2012.724634 13078:Political Research Quarterly 13059:Denver University Law Review 12367:10.1080/00224545.2012.717974 12355:Journal of Social Psychology 12226:Wallis C (1 February 2011). 11702:Center for American Progress 11456:10.1080/08838151.2012.678515 11091:Philosophic Inquiry in Sport 10677:American Sociological Review 10411:10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.12.009 10165:American Sociological Review 10131:Airaksinen T (5 June 2018). 10045:Review of General Psychology 9686:"List of gender stereotypes" 9233:Evolution and Human Behavior 8524:Journal of Adult Development 8288:10.1080/00220388.2011.629653 8015:Masci D (9 September 2014). 7977:Center for American Progress 7749:DeLisi M, Vaughn MG (2014). 7679:Money J, Ehrhardt A (1974). 7611:Evolution and Human Behavior 7329:Oxford Bibliographies Online 7086:10.1016/0147-1767(86)90015-5 6092:. 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It branched off from the 4298:Feminism and women's rights 3832:Implicit gender stereotypes 3413:Metts, et al. explain that 2943: 2747:Christian views on marriage 2720: 2349: 1862:Medical model of disability 1706:Hate speech laws by country 10: 21380: 21359:Gender-related stereotypes 21207:Social model of disability 19659:Discrimination against men 19279:Evolutionary psychologists 19152:Trivers–Willard hypothesis 19067:Human–animal communication 18779:Ovulatory shift hypothesis 18629:Imprinted brain hypothesis 18597:Human–computer interaction 16044:Androphilia and gynephilia 15410:God and gender in Hinduism 15313:Gender Empowerment Measure 14956:by the Pew Research Center 14833:Annual Review of Sociology 13447:(2): 39–52. Archived from 13090:10.1177/106591299304600304 12458:EAVI (22 September 2021). 12410:10.1207/s1532785xmep0602_1 12206:Bureau of Labor Statistics 12119:10.1177/089124300014006004 12010:10.1016/j.jecp.2013.07.018 11868:10.1007/s12134-022-01004-6 11558:Cranford CJ (March 2012). 11477:Kuttner R (25 June 1989). 11316:Sociology of Sport Journal 11216:10.1177/089124393007001007 11068:10.1177/101269020203700306 11014:10.1177/019372394018001004 10854:Sociology of Sport Journal 10689:10.1177/000312240406900401 10534:Annual Review of Sociology 10297:10.1037/0022-3514.36.7.778 10177:10.1177/000312240507000408 9949:10.1037/0022-3514.69.5.797 9917:10.1037/0022-0663.83.4.518 9888:10.1037/0022-3514.46.5.991 9648:10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.878 9541:10.1037/0012-1649.28.2.225 7113:10.1163/156913202317346728 6672:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1105234 6081:Sex Roles and Gender Roles 5949:Sex and gender distinction 5819: 5428:Grooming conspiracy theory 5365:Mixed-orientation marriage 5295:LGBT medical organizations 4686: 4680: 4554: 4529: 4498:analogous to the existing 4428: 4422: 4380:Another recent article in 4372:along with other Parisian 4307: 4301: 4177:Politics and gender issues 3835: 3454: 3450: 3325: 3209: 3171:more than their husbands. 3019:the influence of the media 2984: 2950:God and gender in Hinduism 2947: 2869: 2863: 2744: 2738: 2724: 2663:. The wife is holding the 2647: 2549: 2534: 2256:boys, would be considered 2233: 2124: 1971:Social model of disability 379:Discrimination against men 29: 21264: 21003: 20880: 20673: 20560:Opposition to immigration 20284: 19914: 19751: 19511: 19461:Race / Ethnicity 19398: 19367: 19273: 19199:Environmental determinism 19170:Cultural selection theory 19162: 19057:Evolutionary epistemology 19044: 18971:evolutionary neuroscience 18933: 18926: 18824: 18699: 18644:Rank theory of depression 18567: 18491: 18393: 18199: 18192: 18146:Parent–offspring conflict 18055: 17998: 17916: 17856: 17795: 17788: 17467: 17172: 16918:Female genital mutilation 16856: 16789: 16686: 16406: 16395: 16322:Majority-Muslim countries 16287: 16254: 16211: 16202: 16096: 16026: 15990: 15887: 15854: 15841: 15644: 15512: 15501: 15418: 15392: 15367: 15346: 15339: 15300: 15284: 15277: 15236: 15225: 15111: 15103:List of gender identities 15044: 15033: 15009: 14808:Barak G (15 March 2009). 14787:10.1017/s0021875801006673 13867:"Yesterday in Parliament" 13833:"Boys fight for freedom!" 13649:10.1080/13603110210143644 13196:The Journal of Psychology 13036:10.1080/10510970903109904 13000:10.1017/s1743923x09000014 12798:– via Google Books. 12674:10.1177/01461672022811006 12639:10.1007/s11199-009-9683-8 12445:10.1108/CWIS-11-2013-0065 12322:10.1007/s11199-016-0617-y 12244:10.1007/s11199-010-9814-2 12165:10.1007/s11199-010-9929-5 11985:– via Google Books. 11933:10.1037/0022-3514.83.1.44 11246:Communication & Sport 11176:10.1016/j.smr.2014.05.001 11050:von der Lippe G (2002a). 10881:Journal of Sport Behavior 10812:10.1007/s11199-005-3730-x 10464:Blau FD, Kahn LM (2000). 9503:10.1080/00224498709551385 9476:10.1080/00224498909551493 9000:10.1007/s00268-012-1784-9 8947:10.1007/s11199-010-9870-7 8776:10.1007/s12147-012-9111-1 8668:10.1007/s11199-017-0852-x 8536:10.1007/s10804-016-9231-z 8119:Dhami S (November 2000). 7658:10.1007/s11199-011-9990-8 7140:10.2501/S026504870920104X 6514:Lopez G (18 April 2016). 6432:Eleanor Emmons M (1966). 6305:10.1007/s11199-007-9278-1 6180:David S. Gochman (1997). 5673:Socialism and LGBT rights 5623:Communism and LGBT rights 4452:men's liberation movement 4324:Women's Suffrage Movement 3867:Implicit-association test 3628:Army–Navy Screen Magazine 3422:and emotional meanings". 2552:Sex differences in humans 2417:Child care and education 2339:developed a model of the 2222:gender identities become 2212:is not the same thing as 1304:Opposition to immigration 173:Race / Ethnicity 20555:Occupational segregation 20324:Compulsory sterilization 19092:Cultural group selection 18976:Biocultural anthropology 18669:Societal impacts of cars 18602:Media naturalness theory 18292:Fight-or-flight response 17891:Women's studies journals 17849:Women's rights activists 16398:Movements and ideologies 15592:Non-binary / genderqueer 15380:Women's studies journals 15354:Gender studies academics 15318:Gender Development Index 15264:Gender bias on Knowledge 15217:Preferred gender pronoun 15135:Feminization of language 15130:Feminist language reform 14931:Hattery & Smith 2012 14404:10.1177/1529100616637616 14307:Elsevier Health Sciences 14165:Journal of Homosexuality 14132:10.2105/ajph.2011.300262 13747:"FHM: For Him Minister?" 13553:Rowman & Littlefield 13290:Case MA (October 1995). 12788:. 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In the United States, 4502:, have been proposed by 4431:Fathers' rights movement 4388:Luisita Lopez Torregrosa 4135:Gender inequality online 4104:images of men. However, 3894: 3846:A magazine feature from 3290:Sex-Role Ideology Scale. 2859: 2772:parachurch organizations 2667:and the man is spinning. 1299:Occupational segregation 1068:Compulsory sterilization 21083:Internalized oppression 20945:Fighting Discrimination 20935:Fat acceptance movement 20893:Anti-discrimination law 20533:Native American mascots 19292:Evolutionary psychology 19256:Sociocultural evolution 19097:Dual inheritance theory 18554:Personality development 18015:Theoretical foundations 17992:Evolutionary psychology 17434:International relations 16154:Transgender archaeology 15375:Gender studies journals 15249:Gender-related violence 14954:Surveys on gender roles 14232:10.1542/peds.113.6.1827 13675:Clatterbaugh K (1996). 12283:10.1111/1464-0597.00092 12061:10.1073/pnas.0809921106 11347:Communication and Sport 11164:Sport Management Review 10324:10.1111/0022-4537.00239 10212:10.1111/0022-4537.00234 9464:Journal of Sex Research 9441:10.1080/136910501171698 9168:10.1080/026999399379023 9156:Cognition & Emotion 8473:Lindsey, L. L. (2015). 7726:Oxford University Press 6744:Fenstermaker S (2002). 6659:Frontiers in Psychology 6420:Sulawesi's fifth gender 6418:Graham, Sharyn (2001), 6340:10.1023/A:1018709905920 6078:Levesque R.J.R. (2011) 5536:Intersex discrimination 5305:Transgender health care 4541:gender neutral language 3826:1986 immigration policy 3356:Nonverbal communication 2580:view argues that men's 2271:evolutionary psychology 1847:Internalized oppression 1701:Fighting Discrimination 1691:Fat acceptance movement 1649:Anti-discrimination law 1277:Native American mascots 21202:Social identity threat 21175:Reverse discrimination 21165:Racial color blindness 20645:Violence against women 20625:Sex-selective abortion 19214:Social constructionism 19209:Psychological nativism 19184:Biological determinism 19132:Recent human evolution 19127:Punctuated equilibrium 18950:Behavioral epigenetics 18945:evolutionary economics 18914:Variability hypothesis 18859:Emotional intelligence 18592:Engineering psychology 18282:Evolution of the brain 17864:Conservative feminisms 17162:Women in the workforce 17130:Violence against women 17105:Sexual objectification 17065:Opposition to feminism 16262:Bicycling and feminism 16149:Split attraction model 16134:Sex–gender distinction 15308:Gender and development 12503:10.3390/ijerph20105770 11753:Cite journal requires 11511:Greenstein TN (1996). 10029:8 January 2016 at the 10011:10.1006/jesp.1998.1373 9082:Development and Change 8863:. Toronto. 5 June 2014 8313:Gauntlett, D. (2008). 8137:10.1136/ewjm.173.5.352 8082:"Gendering the saints" 7274:Colapinto, J. (2000). 6807:Psychological Bulletin 6585:Sociology of Education 6258:Sociology of Education 5876:Human sexuality portal 5360:LGBT rights opposition 4895:Sex–gender distinction 4640:transvestic fetishists 4573: 4443: 4377: 4319: 4031:by rewriting it in an 3855: 3791: 3710:equal rights for women 3669:women in the workforce 3667:. While the number of 3657:Equal Rights Amendment 3649:third-party punishment 3631: 3537: 3474: 3382: 3163: 3119:Afghan National Police 3004: 2996: 2966: 2935: 2856:in the first century. 2762: 2668: 2565: 2474: 2454: 2266:social constructionism 2261: 1966:Social identity threat 1939:Reverse discrimination 1929:Racial color blindness 1389:Violence against women 1369:Sex-selective abortion 21170:Religious intolerance 21130:Political correctness 20960:Intersex human rights 20908:Cultural assimilation 20590:Religious persecution 20354:Disability hate crime 20129:Jewish / Antisemitism 19241:Multilineal evolution 19204:Nature versus nurture 19163:Theoretical positions 19011:Functional psychology 19006:Evolutionary medicine 18981:Biological psychiatry 18689:Texting while driving 18679:Lead–crime hypothesis 18539:Cognitive development 18524:Caregiver deprivation 18035:Gene selection theory 17904:Women in peacekeeping 17444:Revisionist mythology 16881:Children's literature 16124:Queer heterosexuality 14453:Balthazart J (2012). 14103:http://www.ebrary.com 14084:Interview with RuPaul 13402:Westminster John Knox 13024:Communication Studies 12987:Politics & Gender 11297:10.1123/wspaj.18.2.38 10431:American Psychologist 9704:plannedparenthood.org 8445:Benokraits N (2002). 7891:. Ithaca, N.Y.: ILR. 7101:Comparative Sociology 6360:Roscoe, Will (2000). 5262:Yogyakarta Principles 5232:Intersex human rights 5155:Same-sex relationship 4878:Queer heterosexuality 4568: 4438: 4425:Men's rights movement 4368: 4356:the feminine mystique 4317: 4218:of their voter base. 3845: 3785: 3768:hegemonic masculinity 3621:Short film about the 3620: 3531: 3472: 3380: 3153: 3002: 2994: 2961: 2931: 2866:Gender roles in Islam 2838:doctors of the church 2830:Mary, mother of Jesus 2797:. Women may serve as 2767:women in Christianity 2754: 2655: 2559: 2535:Further information: 2469: 2444: 2243: 2079:, although there are 1934:Religious intolerance 1894:Political correctness 1716:Intersex human rights 1664:Cultural assimilation 1334:Religious persecution 1098:Disability hate crime 865:Jewish / Antisemitism 21339:Feminist terminology 20575:Political repression 19564:Anti-left handedness 19554:Anti-intellectualism 19194:Cultural determinism 19001:Evolutionary biology 18986:Cognitive psychology 18934:Academic disciplines 18582:Cognitive ergonomics 18549:Language acquisition 18529:Childhood attachment 18342:Wason selection task 18236:Behavioral modernity 18025:Cognitive revolution 18008:Evolutionary thought 17346:Pathways perspective 17191:Gender mainstreaming 17110:Substantive equality 17090:Reproductive justice 17040:Matriarchal religion 16893:Diversity (politics) 16104:Anti-gender movement 16079:Romantic orientation 15207:Lavender linguistics 15150:Genderless languages 15140:Gender neutrality in 15022:Anti-gender movement 14018:on 27 February 2008. 13973:on 25 September 2016 13595:. In Boyd SB (ed.). 13296:The Yale Law Journal 13113:Current Anthropology 12106:Gender & Society 11778:Work and Occupations 11380:Angelini JR (2008). 11328:10.1123/ssj.25.2.223 11204:Gender & Society 10866:10.1123/ssj.28.2.151 10716:The Yale Law Journal 10466:"Differences in Pay" 10143:Leadership Institute 9588:In a different voice 7838:10.1093/oxrep/gri024 7782:"Gender Stereotypes" 7544:. pp. 141–142. 7534:Sperling MA (2014). 7510:. pp. 149–150. 7278:. NY: HarperCollins. 7256:(11 December 1997). 6893:New York; Routledge. 6724:on 19 November 2012. 6563:10.1123/wspaj.15.1.3 5899:Anti-gender movement 5638:Lavender linguistics 4328:Nineteenth Amendment 4188:social conservatives 4182:Political ideologies 3971:improve this article 3860:Implicit stereotypes 3690:second-wave feminism 3522:In a Different Voice 3436:Challenge hypothesis 3385:According to author 3233:confusing or unclear 3188:LGBT rights movement 2889:United Arab Emirates 2635:juvenile delinquency 2503:They concluded that 2445:In Greek mythology, 2260:in the 21st century. 2246:gender socialization 2161:gender socialization 1319:Political repression 284:Anti-left handedness 274:Anti-intellectualism 21364:Social conservatism 21078:Historical eugenics 20615:Segregation academy 20595:Religious terrorism 20384:Enemy of the people 20292:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 19796:Jehovah's Witnesses 19684:Perpetual foreigner 19261:Unilineal evolution 19026:Population genetics 18811:Sexy son hypothesis 18749:Hormonal motivation 18729:Concealed ovulation 18270:Dual process theory 18141:Parental investment 17929:Feminism portal 17809:Ecofeminist authors 17659:Trinidad and Tobago 17599:Republic of Ireland 17459:Composition studies 17140:Women's empowerment 17095:Sex workers' rights 17020:Feminist capitalism 17000:Internalized sexism 16933:Feminism in culture 16811:Kurdish (Jineology) 15856:Sexual orientations 15587:Masculine of center 15400:Gender and religion 15202:Language and gender 15192:Genderless language 14086:, David Shankbone, 13967:Oxford Dictionaries 13872:The Daily Telegraph 13812:on 25 November 2018 13570:Solinger R (2013). 13454:on 20 October 2013. 13432:Maddison S (1999). 13404:Press. p. 17. 13224:on 18 January 2010. 12052:2009PNAS..10610593N 12046:(26): 10593–10597. 11126:2006JLeiR..38..536S 10920:10.3390/su132111863 10833:Connell RW (2005). 10483:10.1257/jep.14.4.75 9820:1972SciAm.226a..34L 9807:Scientific American 9560:A room of one's own 9245:2012EHumB..33..210T 9050:2013UrbSt..50.1148T 8178:Library of Congress 8121:"The Muslim family" 8041:Langford J (2017). 8021:Pew Research Center 7780:Ellemers N (2018). 7703:Lewontin R (1990). 7623:2024EHumB..4506586V 7571:Scientific American 7470:Lindsey LL (2015). 6848:Cherlin AJ (2010). 6653:Balducci M (2023). 6222:Lindsey LL (2015). 6030:2016PLoSO..1147315M 5919:Gender polarization 5765:non-heterosexuality 5683:Transgender studies 5423:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 4253:In political office 4089:Pew Research Center 4078:The creation of an 3838:Implicit stereotype 3816:responsibilities." 3568:less self-assertive 3328:Language and gender 3241:clarify the section 2727:Gender and religion 2674:World Values Survey 2449:is synonymous with 2306:, in works such as 2156:sociology of gender 1842:Historical eugenics 1359:Segregation academy 1339:Religious terrorism 1128:Enemy of the people 1036:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 524:Jehovah's Witnesses 404:Perpetual foreigner 20990:Social integration 20985:Self-determination 20975:Racial integration 20923:Diversity training 20913:Cultural pluralism 20888:Affirmative action 20788:Racial segregation 20698:Crime of apartheid 20600:Religious violence 20093:Indigenous people 19488:Sexual orientation 19219:Social determinism 19102:Fisher's principle 19062:Great ape language 19052:Cultural evolution 19021:Philosophy of mind 18854:Division of labour 18816:Westermarck effect 18764:Mating preferences 18674:Distracted driving 18408:Literary criticism 18265:Domain specificity 18245:modularity of mind 17304:Literary criticism 17181:Complementarianism 16903:Effects on society 16871:Complementarianism 16678:Women's liberation 15977:Same gender loving 15888:Alternative labels 15182:Grammatical gender 14694:Cherlin A (2010). 14554:on 20 October 2016 13845:on 20 October 2012 13838:The Times of India 13722:The Times of India 13695:on 17 March 2015. 13591:Menzies R (2007). 13428:See, for example: 13358:Gavanas A (2004). 13243:on 20 October 2009 12785:Transgender Rights 12633:(11–12): 808–823. 12549:Emerging Adulthood 12271:Applied Psychology 11483:The New York Times 11421:Women and Language 11279:Lumpkin A (2009). 10996:Duncan MC (1994). 10848:Messner M (2011). 8908:"Breadwinner Moms" 8861:The Globe and Mail 8749:The New York Times 8641:10.1111/jssr.12308 8425:. 13 January 2006. 8344:10.1007/BF00288051 8338:(11–12): 649–668. 7652:(11–12): 804–825. 7432:10.1111/gwao.12200 7354:Gender and Society 7167:(4 August 2008) . 7005:Dvorsky G (2008). 6955:Gender and Society 6889:Butler, J. (1990). 6481:on 24 October 2014 6299:(11–12): 851–864. 5934:Grammatical gender 5643:LGBTQ conservatism 5257:Transgender rights 4778:Sexual orientation 4683:Sexual orientation 4677:Sexual orientation 4586:sexual orientation 4574: 4500:Minister for Women 4444: 4412:Female Circulation 4408:Sally Shuttleworth 4383:The New York Times 4378: 4320: 4235:transgender rights 4200:transgender rights 4069:Cornell University 4033:encyclopedic style 4020:is written like a 3856: 3792: 3770:present in sport. 3653:job discrimination 3632: 3538: 3475: 3446:Gender stereotypes 3383: 3164: 3040:Social Interaction 3005: 2997: 2967: 2801:. Some mainstream 2763: 2669: 2642:gender stereotypes 2566: 2546:Biological factors 2531:West and Zimmerman 2455: 2262: 2244:Changing norms of 2135:, also known as a 2113:, inaccurate, and 1746:Social integration 1741:Self-determination 1731:Racial integration 1679:Diversity training 1669:Cultural pluralism 1644:Affirmative action 1536:Racial segregation 1448:Crime of apartheid 1344:Religious violence 829:Indigenous people 200:Sexual orientation 18:Gender stereotypes 21292: 21291: 21160:Racism by country 21088:Intersectionality 21073:Heteronormativity 20872:Voter suppression 20620:Sexual harassment 20419:Forced conversion 20339:Cultural genocide 19992:African Americans 19806:post–Cold War era 19791:Eastern Orthodoxy 19549:Anti-drug addicts 19544:Anti-homelessness 19471:Scientific racism 19327: 19326: 19305:Psychology portal 19269: 19268: 19112:Hologenome theory 19082:Unit of selection 19077:Primate cognition 18991:Cognitive science 18922: 18921: 18793:Sexual attraction 18769:Mating strategies 18534:Cinderella effect 18464:Moral foundations 18368:Visual perception 18260:Domain generality 18229:Facial expression 18177:Sexual dimorphism 18136:Natural selection 18082:Hamiltonian spite 17958: 17957: 17912: 17911: 17321:Political ecology 17227:Écriture féminine 17125:Triple oppression 17115:Toxic masculinity 17100:Sexual harassment 16960:Feminist stripper 16938:Feminist movement 16852: 16851: 16790:Ethnic and racial 16391: 16390: 16162: 16161: 16109:Gender assignment 16092: 16091: 15837: 15836: 15577:Gender neutrality 15456: 15455: 15388: 15387: 15335: 15334: 15331: 15330: 15098:Gender neutrality 15088:Gender expression 15067:Non-binary gender 14917:978-0-8133-4999-2 14876:978-0-8133-4463-8 14677:978-0-203-01971-9 14466:978-0-19-983882-0 14439:978-0-19-975296-6 14357:978-0-8261-9381-0 14316:978-0-323-29412-6 14274:978-1-305-17689-8 14171:(10): 1356–1358. 14092:, 6 October 2007. 14042:978-0-231-11191-1 13916:978-0-8014-4690-0 13898:Minister for Men. 13688:978-0-8133-2701-3 13627:978-0-7486-1247-5 13614:Dunphy R (2000). 13606:978-0-7748-1411-9 13583:978-0-19-981141-0 13562:978-0-8039-5577-6 13512:978-0-7619-2369-5 13503:SAGE Publications 13501:. Thousand Oaks: 13478:978-1-59033-900-8 13411:978-0-664-25544-2 13377:978-0-252-02884-7 13337:978-0-674-00544-0 12877:"Current Numbers" 12822:978-1-78441-222-7 12795:978-0-8166-4312-7 12747:Cooper L (1981). 12096:(December 2000). 11975:978-0-7867-2390-4 10096:(12): 1648–1663. 9760:Child Development 9720:Child Development 9684:Brewer H (2012). 9598:978-0-674-44544-4 9191:978-1-4522-2009-3 8941:(9/10): 682–696. 8460:978-0-13-034177-8 8204:Surah Al-Baqarah 8105:978-0-19-178130-8 8080:Yarrow S (2018). 8047:Feminist Theology 7927:978-0-8122-1431-4 7898:978-0-8014-7662-4 7873:978-0-912670-13-3 7766:978-1-317-93674-9 7735:978-0-19-020883-7 7551:978-1-4557-5973-6 7517:978-1-4739-7128-8 7508:SAGE Publications 7483:978-1-317-34808-5 7264:. pp. 54–97. 7262:The Rolling Stone 7180:978-0-7867-2433-8 7165:Fausto-Sterling A 6879:10.1037/10683-003 6859:978-0-07-340435-6 6791:978-0-942299-82-3 6757:978-0-415-93179-3 6453:978-0-8047-0308-6 6405:978-1-137-51053-2 6383:978-0-942299-82-3 6235:978-1-317-34808-5 6197:978-1-4899-1760-7 6156:978-0-7637-5641-3 6115:978-1-317-34808-5 6090:978-1-4419-1695-2 5890:Psychology portal 5793:domestic partners 5781:heteronormativity 5738: 5737: 5581:Non-binary people 5472:Domestic violence 5355:Heteronormativity 5227:Decriminalization 5077:Awareness periods 5028: 5027: 4955:Same-sex marriage 4868:Non-binary gender 4547:and other means. 4537:Gender neutrality 4532:Gender neutrality 4526:Gender neutrality 4472:domestic violence 4397:Londa Schiebinger 4061: 4060: 4053: 4003: 4002: 3995: 3754:and performance. 3686:intersectionality 3618: 3586:Stereotype threat 3273: 3272: 3265: 3139:construction work 2872:Marriage in Islam 2589:in 79% of modern 2427: 2426: 2127:Gender expression 2061: 2060: 1924:Racism by country 1852:Intersectionality 1837:Heteronormativity 1620:Voter suppression 1364:Sexual harassment 1163:Forced conversion 1083:Cultural genocide 728:African Americans 534:post–Cold War era 519:Eastern Orthodoxy 269:Anti-drug addicts 264:Anti-homelessness 183:Scientific racism 16:(Redirected from 21371: 21334:1950s neologisms 21319: 21318: 21316: 21314: 21300: 21282: 21281: 21272: 21271: 21212:Social privilege 21197:Social exclusion 21125:Police brutality 21046:Multiculturalism 21016:Amatonormativity 20847:Social exclusion 20683:Age of candidacy 20483:Homeless dumping 20389:Ethnic cleansing 19354: 19347: 19340: 19331: 19330: 19314: 19301: 19288: 19287: 18931: 18930: 18927:Related subjects 18714:Adult attachment 18241:Cognitive module 18197: 18196: 18184:Social selection 18158:Costly signaling 18153:Sexual selection 18040:Modern synthesis 17985: 17978: 17971: 17962: 17961: 17948: 17947: 17938: 17937: 17927: 17926: 17925: 17793: 17792: 17776:History of women 17252:Political theory 17152: 17145:Women-only space 17030:Likeability trap 16995:Invisible labour 16913:Female education 16404: 16403: 16399: 16359:African-American 16289:Women's suffrage 16280: 16267:Feminist history 16209: 16208: 16189: 16182: 16175: 16166: 16165: 15952:Non-heterosexual 15852: 15851: 15510: 15509: 15483: 15476: 15469: 15460: 15459: 15446: 15445: 15436: 15435: 15426: 15425: 15344: 15343: 15282: 15281: 15244:Gender apartheid 15234: 15233: 15069:(or Genderqueer) 15039: 15038: 14996: 14989: 14982: 14973: 14972: 14934: 14928: 14922: 14921: 14903: 14897: 14894: 14888: 14887: 14885: 14883: 14860: 14849: 14848: 14828: 14822: 14821: 14819: 14817: 14805: 14799: 14798: 14770: 14764: 14760: 14754: 14751: 14745: 14742: 14736: 14730: 14724: 14721: 14715: 14714: 14709:Crook R (2011). 14706: 14700: 14699: 14691: 14682: 14681: 14666:Dwyer D (2000). 14663: 14657: 14656: 14628: 14622: 14609: 14603: 14593: 14587: 14584: 14578: 14577: 14571: 14563: 14561: 14559: 14553: 14547:. Archived from 14546: 14537: 14531: 14520: 14514: 14503: 14497: 14496: 14494: 14492: 14477: 14471: 14470: 14450: 14444: 14443: 14426:LeVay S (2017). 14423: 14417: 14416: 14406: 14378: 14372: 14371: 14366: 14364: 14337: 14331: 14330: 14325: 14323: 14296: 14290: 14289: 14283: 14281: 14265:Cengage Learning 14254: 14245: 14244: 14234: 14208: 14197: 14196: 14160: 14154: 14153: 14143: 14126:(6): 1177–1178. 14111: 14105: 14099: 14093: 14081: 14075: 14074: 14068: 14064: 14062: 14054: 14026: 14020: 14019: 14017: 14011:. Archived from 14010: 14002: 13996: 13989: 13983: 13982: 13980: 13978: 13969:. Archived from 13959: 13953: 13942: 13936: 13925: 13919: 13908: 13902: 13894: 13888: 13887: 13885: 13883: 13869: 13861: 13855: 13854: 13852: 13850: 13841:. Archived from 13828: 13822: 13821: 13819: 13817: 13798: 13792: 13791: 13789: 13787: 13781:Washington Times 13772: 13763: 13762: 13760: 13758: 13743: 13734: 13733: 13731: 13729: 13714: 13705: 13704: 13691:. 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Archived from 13187: 13181: 13178: 13172: 13171: 13143: 13137: 13136: 13108: 13102: 13101: 13073: 13067: 13066: 13054: 13048: 13047: 13019: 13013: 13012: 13002: 12975: 12969: 12968: 12940: 12934: 12933: 12902: 12896: 12895: 12890: 12888: 12873: 12867: 12866: 12862:Encyclopedia.com 12853: 12847: 12846: 12840: 12836: 12834: 12826: 12806: 12800: 12799: 12779: 12773: 12772: 12744: 12738: 12737: 12735: 12733: 12718: 12712: 12711: 12709: 12707: 12692: 12686: 12685: 12668:(8): 1073–1083. 12657: 12651: 12650: 12622: 12616: 12615: 12587: 12581: 12580: 12540: 12534: 12533: 12523: 12505: 12481: 12475: 12474: 12472: 12470: 12455: 12449: 12448: 12439:(2/3): 171–180. 12428: 12422: 12421: 12398:Media Psychology 12393: 12387: 12386: 12350: 12344: 12343: 12333: 12316:(7–8): 314–327. 12301: 12295: 12294: 12262: 12256: 12255: 12223: 12217: 12216: 12214: 12212: 12198: 12192: 12191: 12183: 12177: 12176: 12144: 12138: 12137: 12135: 12102: 12090: 12084: 12083: 12073: 12063: 12028: 12022: 12021: 11993: 11987: 11986: 11984: 11982: 11959: 11953: 11952: 11926: 11904: 11898: 11897: 11887: 11862:(3): 1281–1303. 11847: 11841: 11840: 11808: 11802: 11801: 11769: 11763: 11762: 11756: 11751: 11749: 11741: 11739: 11732: 11723: 11714: 11713: 11711: 11709: 11694: 11683: 11682: 11634: 11628: 11627: 11625: 11614: 11606: 11600: 11594: 11588: 11587: 11555: 11549: 11548: 11508: 11502: 11501: 11499: 11497: 11474: 11468: 11467: 11435: 11429: 11428: 11416: 11410: 11409: 11377: 11371: 11370: 11341:Kane MJ (2013). 11338: 11332: 11331: 11307: 11301: 11300: 11276: 11270: 11269: 11237: 11228: 11227: 11195: 11180: 11179: 11158:Fink JS (2013). 11155: 11146: 11145: 11105: 11099: 11098: 11086: 11080: 11079: 11062:(3–4): 371–395. 11047: 11041: 11040: 11032: 11026: 11025: 10993: 10987: 10986: 10977:(7): 1440–1454. 10962: 10956: 10955: 10931: 10925: 10924: 10922: 10898: 10889: 10888: 10876: 10870: 10869: 10845: 10839: 10838: 10830: 10824: 10823: 10791: 10778: 10777: 10770:Harv. CR-CLL Rev 10765: 10759: 10758: 10746: 10740: 10739: 10707: 10701: 10700: 10672: 10666: 10665: 10663: 10661: 10655: 10648: 10640: 10634: 10633: 10621: 10615: 10614: 10586: 10580: 10579: 10571: 10565: 10564: 10559:Mann SA (2012). 10556: 10550: 10549: 10529: 10523: 10522: 10494: 10488: 10487: 10485: 10461: 10455: 10454: 10443:10.1037/a0017459 10426: 10415: 10414: 10390: 10384: 10383: 10371: 10365: 10364: 10352: 10346: 10345: 10335: 10307: 10301: 10300: 10280: 10274: 10273: 10265: 10259: 10258: 10230: 10224: 10223: 10195: 10189: 10188: 10160: 10154: 10153: 10151: 10149: 10128: 10122: 10121: 10085: 10076: 10070: 10069: 10058:10.1037/a0026617 10039: 10033: 10022: 10004: 9978: 9972: 9968: 9927: 9921: 9920: 9898: 9892: 9891: 9869: 9863: 9862: 9838: 9832: 9831: 9801: 9795: 9794: 9776: 9754: 9745: 9744: 9727:(4): 1119–1134. 9714: 9708: 9707: 9696: 9690: 9689: 9681: 9675: 9674: 9672: 9641: 9621: 9609: 9603: 9602: 9579: 9573: 9572: 9551: 9545: 9544: 9522: 9507: 9506: 9486: 9480: 9479: 9459: 9453: 9452: 9424: 9418: 9417: 9399: 9379: 9373: 9369: 9363: 9360: 9354: 9351: 9345: 9342: 9336: 9335: 9323: 9317: 9314: 9308: 9305: 9299: 9298: 9296: 9294: 9279: 9273: 9272: 9224: 9218: 9215: 9209: 9202: 9196: 9195: 9178: 9172: 9171: 9151: 9142: 9139: 9133: 9132: 9104: 9098: 9097: 9088:(5): 1025–1048. 9073: 9062: 9061: 9044:(6): 1148–1164. 9033: 9020: 9019: 8979: 8968: 8965: 8959: 8958: 8930: 8924: 8923: 8921: 8919: 8904: 8898: 8897: 8895: 8893: 8879: 8873: 8872: 8870: 8868: 8853: 8847: 8846: 8844: 8842: 8828: 8820: 8814: 8813: 8811: 8809: 8794: 8788: 8787: 8759: 8753: 8752: 8740: 8734: 8733: 8724:Hawke L (2007). 8721: 8715: 8714: 8686: 8680: 8679: 8651: 8645: 8644: 8624: 8618: 8617: 8589: 8583: 8582: 8554: 8548: 8547: 8519: 8513: 8512: 8484: 8478: 8471: 8465: 8464: 8452: 8442: 8427: 8426: 8415: 8409: 8408: 8402: 8394: 8388: 8385: 8379: 8378: 8373:. Archived from 8362: 8356: 8355: 8327: 8318: 8311: 8300: 8299: 8271: 8258: 8255: 8249: 8246: 8240: 8239: 8237: 8235: 8221: 8215: 8214: 8212: 8210: 8196: 8190: 8189: 8187: 8174: 8165: 8159: 8158: 8148: 8116: 8110: 8109: 8077: 8071: 8070: 8038: 8032: 8031: 8029: 8027: 8012: 8006: 8002: 7996: 7995: 7993: 7991: 7985: 7974: 7965: 7959: 7956: 7950: 7947: 7941: 7938: 7932: 7931: 7913: 7907: 7906: 7884: 7878: 7877: 7861: 7851: 7842: 7841: 7818: 7812: 7811: 7801: 7777: 7771: 7770: 7746: 7740: 7739: 7715: 7709: 7708: 7705:Not In Our Genes 7700: 7694: 7693: 7691: 7689: 7676: 7670: 7669: 7641: 7635: 7634: 7602: 7596: 7595: 7589: 7581: 7579: 7577: 7562: 7556: 7555: 7531: 7522: 7521: 7497: 7488: 7487: 7467: 7454: 7453: 7443: 7411: 7405: 7404: 7384: 7378: 7377: 7349: 7340: 7339: 7337: 7335: 7320: 7314: 7313: 7285: 7279: 7272: 7266: 7265: 7250: 7244: 7243: 7216: 7210: 7199: 7193: 7192: 7161: 7152: 7151: 7123: 7117: 7116: 7096: 7090: 7089: 7069: 7063: 7060: 7051: 7048: 7042: 7039: 7033: 7032: 7030: 7028: 7022: 7011: 7002: 6996: 6993: 6987: 6986: 6946: 6940: 6934: 6928: 6909: 6903: 6900: 6894: 6887: 6881: 6870: 6864: 6863: 6845: 6839: 6838: 6802: 6796: 6795: 6777: 6771: 6768: 6762: 6761: 6741: 6735: 6732: 6726: 6725: 6720:. Archived from 6709: 6703: 6702: 6692: 6674: 6650: 6644: 6643: 6615: 6609: 6608: 6580: 6574: 6573: 6571: 6569: 6545:Sykes H (2006). 6542: 6536: 6535: 6530: 6528: 6511: 6505: 6504: 6498: 6490: 6488: 6486: 6480: 6474:. Archived from 6473: 6464: 6458: 6457: 6429: 6423: 6416: 6410: 6409: 6391: 6385: 6358: 6352: 6351: 6334:(5–6): 425–442. 6323: 6317: 6316: 6288: 6282: 6281: 6253: 6247: 6246: 6244: 6242: 6219: 6213: 6212: 6206: 6204: 6177: 6171: 6170: 6165: 6163: 6136: 6130: 6129: 6124: 6122: 6099: 6093: 6076: 6070: 6069: 6059: 6041: 6009: 6003: 6002: 5970: 5892: 5887: 5886: 5885: 5878: 5873: 5872: 5864: 5859: 5858: 5857: 5834: 5822:Gender and crime 5816:Criminal justice 5730: 5723: 5716: 5702: 5633:Lesbian feminism 5514:Heteropatriarchy 5385:Sexual diversity 5345:Amatonormativity 5328:Social attitudes 5242:Military service 5121:in New York City 5104:New queer cinema 5060:African-American 4938: 4937: 4863:Non-heterosexual 4737: 4734: 4731: 4728: 4725: 4722: 4701: 4700: 4508:Lord Northbourne 4496:Minister for Men 4056: 4049: 4045: 4042: 4036: 4013: 4012: 4005: 3998: 3991: 3987: 3984: 3978: 3955: 3947: 3933:eating disorders 3805:The Second Shift 3800:Arlie Hochschild 3731:beach volleyball 3697:Liberal feminist 3619: 3605:In the workplace 3391:Native Americans 3306: 3268: 3261: 3257: 3254: 3248: 3224: 3223: 3216: 3137:; a woman doing 3127:Colorado Springs 3103: 3094: 3083: 3074: 2842:Paul the Apostle 2783:Eastern Orthodox 2759:Hermitage Museum 2350: 2281:As an aspect of 2189:Buginese society 2053: 2046: 2039: 1976:Social privilege 1961:Social exclusion 1889:Police brutality 1810:Multiculturalism 1780:Amatonormativity 1595:Social exclusion 1433:Age of candidacy 1227:Homeless dumping 1133:Ethnic cleansing 63: 40: 39: 21: 21379: 21378: 21374: 21373: 21372: 21370: 21369: 21368: 21324: 21323: 21322: 21312: 21310: 21308:gamecritics.com 21302: 21301: 21297: 21293: 21288: 21260: 21135:Polyculturalism 21031:Civil liberties 20999: 20980:Reappropriation 20881:Countermeasures 20876: 20805:Racial steering 20771:Numerus clausus 20675: 20669: 20394:Ethnic conflict 20329:Corrective rape 20280: 19910: 19865:minority Muslim 19747: 19639:HIV/AIDS stigma 19507: 19456:Mental disorder 19394: 19363: 19358: 19328: 19323: 19265: 19251:Neoevolutionism 19158: 19142:Species complex 19107:Group selection 19045:Research topics 19040: 19016:Neuropsychology 18918: 18904:Substance abuse 18826:Sex differences 18820: 18734:Coolidge effect 18695: 18607:Neuroergonomics 18572: 18563: 18487: 18389: 18323:Folk psychology 18204: 18188: 18058: 18051: 17994: 17989: 17959: 17954: 17945: 17923: 17921: 17908: 17852: 17784: 17783: 17782: 17691:Northern Cyprus 17463: 17454:Science fiction 17247:Oedipus complex 17207:Women's studies 17168: 17167: 17166: 17150: 17060:Oedipus complex 17050:Men in feminism 17015:Language reform 16990:Ideal womanhood 16970:Gender equality 16965:Formal equality 16928:Feminationalism 16866:Cognitive labor 16848: 16816:Native American 16785: 16784: 16783: 16682: 16592:Post-structural 16397: 16387: 16283: 16276: 16272:Women's history 16250: 16198: 16193: 16163: 16158: 16088: 16039:Analloeroticism 16022: 16018:Heterosociality 15986: 15883: 15846: 15844: 15833: 15648: 15640: 15582:Gender variance 15572:Gender fluidity 15504: 15497: 15487: 15457: 15452: 15414: 15384: 15363: 15327: 15296: 15273: 15228: 15221: 15114: 15107: 15078:Gender identity 15073:Gender variance 15040: 15036: 15031: 15005: 15000: 14944: 14937: 14929: 14925: 14918: 14904: 14900: 14895: 14891: 14881: 14879: 14877: 14861: 14852: 14829: 14825: 14815: 14813: 14806: 14802: 14771: 14767: 14761: 14757: 14752: 14748: 14743: 14739: 14731: 14727: 14722: 14718: 14707: 14703: 14692: 14685: 14678: 14664: 14660: 14645:10.2307/3684953 14629: 14625: 14610: 14606: 14594: 14590: 14585: 14581: 14565: 14564: 14557: 14555: 14551: 14544: 14542:"Archived copy" 14540: 14538: 14534: 14521: 14517: 14504: 14500: 14490: 14488: 14479: 14478: 14474: 14467: 14451: 14447: 14440: 14424: 14420: 14379: 14375: 14362: 14360: 14358: 14350:. p. 169. 14338: 14334: 14321: 14319: 14317: 14309:. p. 502. 14297: 14293: 14279: 14277: 14275: 14255: 14248: 14209: 14200: 14161: 14157: 14112: 14108: 14100: 14096: 14082: 14078: 14066: 14065: 14056: 14055: 14043: 14027: 14023: 14015: 14008: 14004: 14003: 13999: 13990: 13986: 13976: 13974: 13961: 13960: 13956: 13943: 13939: 13926: 13922: 13909: 13905: 13895: 13891: 13881: 13879: 13862: 13858: 13848: 13846: 13829: 13825: 13815: 13813: 13800: 13799: 13795: 13785: 13783: 13773: 13766: 13756: 13754: 13745: 13744: 13737: 13727: 13725: 13716: 13715: 13708: 13689: 13673: 13666: 13628: 13607: 13584: 13563: 13532: 13530: 13513: 13505:. p. 459. 13479: 13465:Nova Publishers 13451: 13436: 13427: 13423: 13412: 13392: 13388: 13378: 13356: 13352: 13346: 13342: 13327: 13323: 13288: 13284: 13274: 13272: 13260: 13256: 13246: 13244: 13233: 13229: 13188: 13184: 13179: 13175: 13160:10.2307/2264228 13144: 13140: 13109: 13105: 13074: 13070: 13055: 13051: 13020: 13016: 12976: 12972: 12957:10.2307/3088412 12941: 12937: 12922:10.2307/2111526 12903: 12899: 12886: 12884: 12875: 12874: 12870: 12855: 12854: 12850: 12838: 12837: 12828: 12827: 12823: 12807: 12803: 12796: 12780: 12776: 12745: 12741: 12731: 12729: 12719: 12715: 12705: 12703: 12693: 12689: 12658: 12654: 12623: 12619: 12588: 12584: 12541: 12537: 12482: 12478: 12468: 12466: 12456: 12452: 12429: 12425: 12394: 12390: 12351: 12347: 12302: 12298: 12263: 12259: 12224: 12220: 12210: 12208: 12200: 12199: 12195: 12184: 12180: 12145: 12141: 12133: 12100: 12091: 12087: 12029: 12025: 11994: 11990: 11980: 11978: 11976: 11968:. Basic Books. 11960: 11956: 11924:10.1.1.463.6120 11905: 11901: 11848: 11844: 11809: 11805: 11770: 11766: 11754: 11752: 11743: 11742: 11737: 11730: 11724: 11717: 11707: 11705: 11704:. 3 August 2020 11696: 11695: 11686: 11635: 11631: 11623: 11612: 11608: 11607: 11603: 11595: 11591: 11556: 11552: 11509: 11505: 11495: 11493: 11475: 11471: 11436: 11432: 11417: 11413: 11378: 11374: 11339: 11335: 11308: 11304: 11277: 11273: 11238: 11231: 11196: 11183: 11156: 11149: 11106: 11102: 11087: 11083: 11048: 11044: 11033: 11029: 10994: 10990: 10963: 10959: 10932: 10928: 10899: 10892: 10877: 10873: 10846: 10842: 10831: 10827: 10792: 10781: 10766: 10762: 10747: 10743: 10708: 10704: 10673: 10669: 10659: 10657: 10656:on 28 July 2018 10653: 10646: 10642: 10641: 10637: 10622: 10618: 10587: 10583: 10572: 10568: 10557: 10553: 10530: 10526: 10495: 10491: 10462: 10458: 10427: 10418: 10391: 10387: 10372: 10368: 10353: 10349: 10308: 10304: 10281: 10277: 10266: 10262: 10231: 10227: 10196: 10192: 10161: 10157: 10147: 10145: 10129: 10125: 10083: 10077: 10073: 10040: 10036: 10031:Wayback Machine 10002:10.1.1.370.3979 9979: 9975: 9928: 9924: 9899: 9895: 9882:(5): 991–1004. 9870: 9866: 9839: 9835: 9802: 9798: 9774:10.1.1.300.2757 9755: 9748: 9733:10.2307/1129498 9715: 9711: 9698: 9697: 9693: 9682: 9678: 9670: 9639:10.1.1.320.4001 9619: 9610: 9606: 9599: 9580: 9576: 9552: 9548: 9523: 9510: 9487: 9483: 9460: 9456: 9425: 9421: 9397:10.1.1.186.5369 9380: 9376: 9370: 9366: 9361: 9357: 9352: 9348: 9343: 9339: 9324: 9320: 9315: 9311: 9306: 9302: 9292: 9290: 9280: 9276: 9225: 9221: 9216: 9212: 9203: 9199: 9192: 9180: 9179: 9175: 9152: 9145: 9140: 9136: 9105: 9101: 9076:Rao N (2012). " 9074: 9065: 9034: 9023: 8980: 8971: 8966: 8962: 8931: 8927: 8917: 8915: 8906: 8905: 8901: 8891: 8889: 8881: 8880: 8876: 8866: 8864: 8855: 8854: 8850: 8840: 8838: 8831:Telegraph.co.uk 8821: 8817: 8807: 8805: 8796: 8795: 8791: 8760: 8756: 8741: 8737: 8722: 8718: 8703:10.2307/1973487 8687: 8683: 8652: 8648: 8625: 8621: 8590: 8586: 8555: 8551: 8520: 8516: 8485: 8481: 8472: 8468: 8461: 8443: 8430: 8417: 8416: 8412: 8395: 8391: 8386: 8382: 8377:on 10 May 2013. 8371:Oakland Tribune 8363: 8359: 8328: 8321: 8312: 8303: 8272: 8261: 8256: 8252: 8247: 8243: 8233: 8231: 8223: 8222: 8218: 8208: 8206: 8198: 8197: 8193: 8185: 8172: 8166: 8162: 8117: 8113: 8106: 8078: 8074: 8039: 8035: 8025: 8023: 8013: 8009: 8003: 7999: 7989: 7987: 7983: 7972: 7966: 7962: 7957: 7953: 7948: 7944: 7939: 7935: 7928: 7914: 7910: 7899: 7885: 7881: 7874: 7852: 7845: 7819: 7815: 7778: 7774: 7767: 7747: 7743: 7736: 7728:. p. 110. 7716: 7712: 7701: 7697: 7687: 7685: 7677: 7673: 7642: 7638: 7603: 7599: 7583: 7582: 7575: 7573: 7563: 7559: 7552: 7532: 7525: 7518: 7498: 7491: 7484: 7468: 7457: 7412: 7408: 7385: 7381: 7350: 7343: 7333: 7331: 7321: 7317: 7286: 7282: 7273: 7269: 7251: 7247: 7217: 7213: 7200: 7196: 7181: 7162: 7155: 7124: 7120: 7097: 7093: 7070: 7066: 7061: 7054: 7049: 7045: 7040: 7036: 7026: 7024: 7020: 7009: 7003: 6999: 6994: 6990: 6947: 6943: 6935: 6931: 6917:Front. Psychol. 6910: 6906: 6901: 6897: 6888: 6884: 6871: 6867: 6860: 6846: 6842: 6803: 6799: 6792: 6778: 6774: 6769: 6765: 6758: 6742: 6738: 6733: 6729: 6718:jamespatemd.com 6710: 6706: 6651: 6647: 6632:10.2307/2075528 6616: 6612: 6597:10.2307/2112807 6581: 6577: 6567: 6565: 6543: 6539: 6526: 6524: 6512: 6508: 6492: 6491: 6484: 6482: 6478: 6471: 6469:"Archived copy" 6467: 6465: 6461: 6454: 6430: 6426: 6417: 6413: 6406: 6392: 6388: 6372: 6359: 6355: 6324: 6320: 6289: 6285: 6270:10.2307/2112807 6254: 6250: 6240: 6238: 6236: 6220: 6216: 6202: 6200: 6198: 6190:. p. 424. 6178: 6174: 6161: 6159: 6157: 6149:. p. 143. 6137: 6133: 6120: 6118: 6116: 6100: 6096: 6077: 6073: 6024:(1): e0147315. 6010: 6006: 5971: 5967: 5963: 5958: 5924:Gender policing 5888: 5883: 5881: 5874: 5867: 5862:Feminism portal 5860: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5841: 5832: 5824: 5818: 5734: 5693: 5692: 5653:Queer anarchism 5618: 5610: 5609: 5482:Straightwashing 5467:Criminalization 5403: 5395: 5394: 5370:Media portrayal 5340:Allonormativity 5330: 5320: 5319: 5277: 5267: 5266: 5212: 5202: 5201: 5040: 5030: 5029: 5024: 4986: 4982:Stonewall riots 4977:Same-sex unions 4935: 4925: 4924: 4890:Sexual identity 4848:Gender variance 4838:Gender identity 4833:Gender fluidity 4799:Gray asexuality 4784: 4770: 4735: 4732: 4729: 4726: 4723: 4720: 4699: 4697:Straight acting 4685: 4679: 4578:gender identity 4563: 4555:Main articles: 4553: 4545:sex segregation 4534: 4528: 4433: 4427: 4421: 4312: 4306: 4300: 4284:Hillary Clinton 4276:foreign affairs 4255: 4223:social liberals 4216:cultural values 4184: 4179: 4137: 4080:online identity 4057: 4046: 4040: 4037: 4029:help improve it 4026: 4014: 4010: 3999: 3988: 3982: 3979: 3968: 3956: 3945: 3902:Michael Messner 3897: 3840: 3834: 3780: 3718: 3609: 3607: 3467: 3453: 3448: 3420:sexual activity 3411: 3375: 3358: 3338: 3324: 3304: 3269: 3258: 3252: 3249: 3238: 3225: 3221: 3214: 3208: 3183:Gender equality 3148: 3147: 3146: 3145: 3143:Solomon Islands 3106: 3105: 3104: 3096: 3095: 3086: 3085: 3084: 3076: 3075: 3064: 3051: 3042: 3014: 2989: 2983: 2964:Ardhanarishvara 2952: 2946: 2874: 2868: 2862: 2854:Greco-Roman law 2822:beatific vision 2749: 2743: 2737: 2729: 2723: 2711:gender identity 2686:Western society 2650: 2640:With regard to 2631:neurobiological 2591:hunter-gatherer 2578:sociobiological 2554: 2548: 2539: 2533: 2488:"In the 1950s, 2486: 2439: 2401:Decision making 2337:Talcott Parsons 2331:Working in the 2329: 2327:Talcott Parsons 2324: 2322:Major theorists 2238: 2232: 2215:gender identity 2129: 2123: 2057: 2028: 2027: 2026: 2025: 2024: 1899:Polyculturalism 1795:Civil liberties 1767: 1759: 1758: 1757: 1756: 1755: 1736:Reappropriation 1636: 1635:Countermeasures 1628: 1627: 1626: 1625: 1624: 1553:Racial steering 1519:Numerus clausus 1425: 1417: 1416: 1415: 1414: 1413: 1138:Ethnic conflict 1073:Corrective rape 1028: 1020: 1019: 1018: 1017: 1016: 653: 642: 641: 640: 639: 638: 593:minority Muslim 481: 471: 470: 469: 468: 467: 359:HIV/AIDS stigma 231: 223: 222: 221: 220: 219: 168:Mental disorder 110: 102: 101: 100: 99: 98: 71: 38: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 21377: 21367: 21366: 21361: 21356: 21351: 21346: 21341: 21336: 21321: 21320: 21294: 21290: 21289: 21287: 21286: 21276: 21265: 21262: 21261: 21259: 21258: 21253: 21252: 21251: 21241: 21236: 21231: 21230: 21229: 21224: 21219: 21209: 21204: 21199: 21194: 21189: 21184: 21183: 21182: 21180:Reverse racism 21172: 21167: 21162: 21157: 21152: 21150:Prisoner abuse 21147: 21142: 21140:Power distance 21137: 21132: 21127: 21122: 21117: 21112: 21107: 21106: 21105: 21095: 21090: 21085: 21080: 21075: 21070: 21065: 21060: 21058:Ethnic penalty 21055: 21054: 21053: 21051:Neurodiversity 21048: 21038: 21036:Dehumanization 21033: 21028: 21026:Cisnormativity 21023: 21018: 21013: 21007: 21005: 21004:Related topics 21001: 21000: 20998: 20997: 20992: 20987: 20982: 20977: 20972: 20967: 20962: 20957: 20952: 20947: 20942: 20937: 20932: 20927: 20926: 20925: 20915: 20910: 20905: 20900: 20895: 20890: 20884: 20882: 20878: 20877: 20875: 20874: 20869: 20864: 20862:State religion 20859: 20854: 20849: 20844: 20843: 20842: 20837: 20832: 20827: 20817: 20812: 20807: 20802: 20801: 20800: 20798:Nuremberg Laws 20795: 20785: 20780: 20775: 20767: 20762: 20757: 20752: 20747: 20742: 20740:Ghetto benches 20737: 20735:Gerrymandering 20732: 20727: 20722: 20720:Gender pay gap 20717: 20716: 20715: 20710: 20700: 20695: 20690: 20685: 20679: 20677: 20674:Discriminatory 20671: 20670: 20668: 20667: 20662: 20657: 20652: 20647: 20642: 20637: 20632: 20627: 20622: 20617: 20612: 20607: 20602: 20597: 20592: 20587: 20582: 20577: 20572: 20567: 20562: 20557: 20552: 20551: 20550: 20545: 20540: 20530: 20525: 20520: 20515: 20510: 20505: 20503:Lavender scare 20500: 20498:Kill Haole Day 20495: 20493:Indian rolling 20490: 20485: 20480: 20475: 20470: 20469: 20468: 20458: 20453: 20452: 20451: 20441: 20436: 20431: 20426: 20421: 20416: 20411: 20406: 20401: 20396: 20391: 20386: 20381: 20379:Eliminationism 20376: 20371: 20366: 20361: 20356: 20351: 20346: 20341: 20336: 20331: 20326: 20321: 20316: 20314:Cancel culture 20311: 20306: 20301: 20300: 20299: 20288: 20286: 20285:Manifestations 20282: 20281: 20279: 20278: 20273: 20268: 20263: 20258: 20253: 20248: 20243: 20238: 20233: 20228: 20223: 20218: 20213: 20208: 20203: 20198: 20193: 20188: 20183: 20178: 20173: 20171:Middle Eastern 20168: 20163: 20158: 20153: 20148: 20143: 20138: 20137: 20136: 20126: 20121: 20116: 20111: 20110: 20109: 20104: 20099: 20091: 20086: 20081: 20076: 20071: 20066: 20061: 20056: 20051: 20046: 20041: 20036: 20031: 20026: 20021: 20016: 20011: 20006: 20005: 20004: 19999: 19994: 19984: 19979: 19974: 19973: 19972: 19967: 19962: 19952: 19947: 19942: 19937: 19932: 19927: 19921: 19919: 19912: 19911: 19909: 19908: 19906:Zoroastrianism 19903: 19898: 19893: 19888: 19883: 19882: 19881: 19871: 19870: 19869: 19868: 19867: 19862: 19857: 19852: 19847: 19832: 19831: 19830: 19828:Untouchability 19825: 19815: 19810: 19809: 19808: 19803: 19798: 19793: 19788: 19778: 19773: 19768: 19763: 19757: 19755: 19749: 19748: 19746: 19745: 19740: 19735: 19734: 19733: 19728: 19723: 19713: 19712: 19711: 19706: 19696: 19691: 19686: 19681: 19676: 19671: 19666: 19661: 19656: 19651: 19649:Leprosy stigma 19646: 19641: 19636: 19631: 19626: 19621: 19616: 19611: 19606: 19601: 19596: 19591: 19586: 19581: 19576: 19571: 19566: 19561: 19556: 19551: 19546: 19541: 19536: 19531: 19526: 19521: 19515: 19513: 19509: 19508: 19506: 19505: 19500: 19495: 19490: 19485: 19480: 19475: 19474: 19473: 19468: 19458: 19453: 19448: 19443: 19438: 19433: 19428: 19423: 19418: 19413: 19408: 19402: 19400: 19396: 19395: 19393: 19392: 19387: 19382: 19377: 19371: 19369: 19365: 19364: 19361:Discrimination 19357: 19356: 19349: 19342: 19334: 19325: 19324: 19322: 19321: 19308: 19295: 19282: 19274: 19271: 19270: 19267: 19266: 19264: 19263: 19258: 19253: 19248: 19243: 19238: 19233: 19228: 19227: 19226: 19221: 19216: 19211: 19206: 19201: 19196: 19191: 19186: 19172: 19166: 19164: 19160: 19159: 19157: 19156: 19155: 19154: 19149: 19144: 19139: 19134: 19129: 19124: 19119: 19114: 19109: 19104: 19099: 19094: 19089: 19079: 19074: 19069: 19064: 19059: 19054: 19048: 19046: 19042: 19041: 19039: 19038: 19033: 19028: 19023: 19018: 19013: 19008: 19003: 18998: 18993: 18988: 18983: 18978: 18973: 18956: 18947: 18937: 18935: 18928: 18924: 18923: 18920: 18919: 18917: 18916: 18911: 18906: 18901: 18896: 18891: 18886: 18881: 18876: 18871: 18866: 18861: 18856: 18851: 18846: 18841: 18836: 18830: 18828: 18822: 18821: 18819: 18818: 18813: 18808: 18795: 18786: 18781: 18776: 18771: 18766: 18761: 18756: 18751: 18746: 18741: 18736: 18731: 18726: 18721: 18716: 18711: 18705: 18703: 18697: 18696: 18694: 18693: 18692: 18691: 18686: 18681: 18676: 18666: 18661: 18656: 18651: 18646: 18641: 18636: 18634:Mind-blindness 18631: 18626: 18621: 18616: 18611: 18610: 18609: 18604: 18599: 18594: 18589: 18578: 18576: 18565: 18564: 18562: 18561: 18556: 18551: 18546: 18541: 18536: 18531: 18526: 18521: 18508: 18503: 18497: 18495: 18489: 18488: 18486: 18485: 18480: 18479: 18478: 18468: 18467: 18466: 18456: 18455: 18454: 18449: 18444: 18434: 18429: 18428: 18427: 18417: 18416: 18415: 18410: 18399: 18397: 18391: 18390: 18388: 18387: 18386: 18385: 18380: 18375: 18365: 18360: 18355: 18346: 18345: 18344: 18339: 18329: 18327:theory of mind 18320: 18311: 18310: 18309: 18304: 18299: 18289: 18284: 18279: 18274: 18273: 18272: 18267: 18262: 18257: 18252: 18238: 18233: 18232: 18231: 18226: 18221: 18210: 18208: 18194: 18190: 18189: 18187: 18186: 18181: 18180: 18179: 18174: 18169: 18160: 18150: 18149: 18148: 18138: 18133: 18128: 18123: 18122: 18121: 18111: 18106: 18101: 18096: 18094:Baldwin effect 18091: 18090: 18089: 18084: 18079: 18069: 18063: 18061: 18053: 18052: 18050: 18049: 18044: 18043: 18042: 18037: 18032: 18027: 18022: 18012: 18011: 18010: 17999: 17996: 17995: 17988: 17987: 17980: 17973: 17965: 17956: 17955: 17953: 17952: 17942: 17932: 17917: 17914: 17913: 17910: 17909: 17907: 17906: 17901: 17897:SCUM Manifesto 17893: 17888: 17883: 17882: 17881: 17876: 17866: 17860: 17858: 17854: 17853: 17851: 17846: 17841: 17836: 17831: 17826: 17821: 17816: 17811: 17806: 17801: 17799: 17790: 17786: 17785: 17781: 17780: 17779: 17778: 17768: 17766:United Kingdom 17763: 17758: 17753: 17748: 17743: 17738: 17733: 17728: 17723: 17718: 17713: 17708: 17703: 17698: 17693: 17688: 17683: 17678: 17673: 17668: 17663: 17662: 17661: 17656: 17651: 17646: 17641: 17636: 17631: 17626: 17616: 17611: 17606: 17601: 17596: 17591: 17586: 17581: 17576: 17571: 17566: 17561: 17556: 17551: 17546: 17541: 17536: 17531: 17526: 17521: 17520: 17519: 17514: 17509: 17504: 17499: 17494: 17489: 17484: 17473: 17472: 17471: 17469: 17465: 17464: 17462: 17461: 17456: 17451: 17446: 17441: 17439:Existentialism 17436: 17431: 17426: 17425: 17424: 17414: 17409: 17408: 17407: 17402: 17397: 17395:Existentialism 17392: 17391: 17390: 17388:Justice ethics 17380: 17375: 17370: 17360: 17355: 17350: 17349: 17348: 17338: 17333: 17328: 17323: 17318: 17313: 17312: 17311: 17306: 17301: 17291: 17286: 17281: 17276: 17271: 17270: 17269: 17264: 17254: 17249: 17244: 17239: 17234: 17229: 17224: 17219: 17214: 17209: 17204: 17198: 17193: 17188: 17186:Gender studies 17183: 17178: 17176: 17170: 17169: 17165: 17164: 17159: 17157:Women's rights 17154: 17151:Women's health 17147: 17142: 17137: 17132: 17127: 17122: 17117: 17112: 17107: 17102: 17097: 17092: 17087: 17082: 17077: 17072: 17067: 17062: 17057: 17052: 17047: 17042: 17037: 17035:Male privilege 17032: 17027: 17022: 17017: 17012: 17004:International 17002: 16997: 16992: 16987: 16982: 16977: 16972: 16967: 16962: 16957: 16956: 16955: 16950: 16945: 16935: 16930: 16925: 16920: 16915: 16910: 16905: 16900: 16895: 16890: 16885: 16884: 16883: 16873: 16868: 16862: 16861: 16860: 16858: 16854: 16853: 16850: 16849: 16847: 16842: 16837: 16836: 16835: 16825: 16824: 16823: 16818: 16813: 16803: 16798: 16793: 16791: 16787: 16786: 16782: 16781: 16776: 16775: 16774: 16764: 16759: 16754: 16753: 16752: 16747: 16742: 16732: 16731: 16730: 16725: 16720: 16715: 16705: 16700: 16694: 16693: 16692: 16690: 16684: 16683: 16681: 16680: 16675: 16674: 16673: 16663: 16658: 16653: 16648: 16643: 16638: 16637: 16636: 16626: 16621: 16616: 16611: 16606: 16601: 16600: 16599: 16589: 16584: 16579: 16574: 16569: 16564: 16559: 16554: 16549: 16548: 16547: 16537: 16532: 16527: 16522: 16521: 16520: 16510: 16505: 16500: 16495: 16490: 16485: 16484: 16483: 16473: 16468: 16467: 16466: 16456: 16451: 16446: 16441: 16436: 16431: 16426: 16421: 16416: 16410: 16408: 16401: 16393: 16392: 16389: 16388: 16386: 16385: 16384: 16383: 16382: 16381: 16376: 16371: 16361: 16356: 16346: 16345: 16344: 16337:United Kingdom 16334: 16329: 16324: 16319: 16314: 16309: 16304: 16299: 16293: 16291: 16285: 16284: 16282: 16281: 16274: 16269: 16264: 16258: 16256: 16252: 16251: 16249: 16248: 16243: 16238: 16237: 16236: 16226: 16221: 16215: 16213: 16206: 16200: 16199: 16192: 16191: 16184: 16177: 16169: 16160: 16159: 16157: 16156: 16151: 16146: 16141: 16136: 16131: 16126: 16121: 16116: 16111: 16106: 16100: 16098: 16094: 16093: 16090: 16089: 16087: 16086: 16081: 16076: 16071: 16069:Plurisexuality 16066: 16061: 16056: 16051: 16046: 16041: 16036: 16030: 16028: 16024: 16023: 16021: 16020: 16015: 16010: 16005: 16000: 15998:Sociosexuality 15994: 15992: 15991:Social aspects 15988: 15987: 15985: 15984: 15979: 15974: 15969: 15964: 15959: 15954: 15949: 15944: 15939: 15937:Heteroflexible 15934: 15933: 15932: 15922: 15917: 15912: 15907: 15902: 15897: 15891: 15889: 15885: 15884: 15882: 15881: 15876: 15871: 15866: 15860: 15858: 15849: 15839: 15838: 15835: 15834: 15832: 15831: 15826: 15821: 15819:Vakasalewalewa 15816: 15811: 15806: 15801: 15796: 15791: 15786: 15781: 15776: 15771: 15766: 15761: 15756: 15751: 15746: 15741: 15736: 15731: 15726: 15721: 15716: 15711: 15710: 15709: 15699: 15694: 15689: 15688: 15687: 15684: 15681: 15673: 15668: 15663: 15658: 15652: 15650: 15642: 15641: 15639: 15638: 15633: 15632: 15631: 15626: 15621: 15611: 15606: 15605: 15604: 15594: 15589: 15584: 15579: 15574: 15569: 15564: 15559: 15554: 15549: 15544: 15539: 15534: 15529: 15524: 15518: 15516: 15507: 15499: 15498: 15486: 15485: 15478: 15471: 15463: 15454: 15453: 15451: 15450: 15440: 15430: 15428:Discrimination 15419: 15416: 15415: 15413: 15412: 15407: 15402: 15396: 15394: 15390: 15389: 15386: 15385: 15383: 15382: 15377: 15371: 15369: 15365: 15364: 15362: 15361: 15356: 15350: 15348: 15341: 15337: 15336: 15333: 15332: 15329: 15328: 15326: 15325: 15320: 15315: 15310: 15304: 15302: 15298: 15297: 15295: 15294: 15292:Gender pay gap 15288: 15286: 15279: 15275: 15274: 15272: 15271: 15266: 15261: 15256: 15251: 15246: 15240: 15238: 15231: 15223: 15222: 15220: 15219: 15214: 15209: 15204: 15199: 15194: 15189: 15184: 15179: 15177:Gender paradox 15174: 15173: 15172: 15167: 15162: 15157: 15152: 15147: 15137: 15132: 15127: 15119: 15117: 15109: 15108: 15106: 15105: 15100: 15095: 15090: 15085: 15080: 15075: 15070: 15064: 15059: 15054: 15048: 15046: 15042: 15041: 15034: 15032: 15030: 15029: 15024: 15019: 15017:Gender studies 15013: 15011: 15007: 15006: 15003:Gender studies 14999: 14998: 14991: 14984: 14976: 14970: 14969: 14957: 14951: 14943: 14942:External links 14940: 14936: 14935: 14933:, p. 291. 14923: 14916: 14898: 14889: 14875: 14850: 14839:(1): 459–487. 14823: 14800: 14781:(3): 471–484. 14765: 14755: 14746: 14737: 14725: 14716: 14701: 14683: 14676: 14658: 14623: 14604: 14588: 14579: 14532: 14515: 14498: 14472: 14465: 14445: 14438: 14418: 14373: 14356: 14332: 14315: 14291: 14273: 14267:. p. 82. 14246: 14225:(6): 1827–32. 14198: 14155: 14106: 14094: 14076: 14067:|journal= 14041: 14021: 13997: 13984: 13954: 13937: 13920: 13903: 13889: 13856: 13823: 13793: 13764: 13753:. 3 March 2004 13735: 13706: 13687: 13664: 13662: 13661: 13632: 13626: 13611: 13605: 13588: 13582: 13567: 13561: 13555:. p. 41. 13539: 13517: 13511: 13483: 13477: 13456: 13421: 13410: 13386: 13376: 13350: 13340: 13321: 13308:10.2307/797140 13282: 13270:New York Times 13254: 13227: 13182: 13173: 13138: 13125:10.1086/506286 13119:(4): 666–674. 13103: 13084:(3): 503–525. 13068: 13049: 13030:(4): 326–343. 13014: 12970: 12935: 12916:(1): 119–147. 12897: 12868: 12857:"Culture Wars" 12848: 12821: 12801: 12794: 12774: 12739: 12713: 12687: 12652: 12617: 12598:(2): 432–448. 12582: 12555:(3): 226–236. 12535: 12476: 12450: 12423: 12404:(2): 141–142. 12388: 12361:(2): 179–180. 12345: 12296: 12277:(2): 269–290. 12257: 12238:(3): 160–172. 12218: 12193: 12178: 12159:(3): 290–298. 12139: 12113:(6): 765–784. 12085: 12023: 11988: 11974: 11954: 11899: 11842: 11823:(2): 155–166. 11803: 11784:(4): 462–495. 11764: 11755:|journal= 11715: 11684: 11649:(4): 465–483. 11629: 11601: 11589: 11570:(2): 142–164. 11550: 11529:10.2307/353719 11523:(3): 585–595. 11503: 11469: 11450:(2): 261–279. 11430: 11411: 11372: 11353:(3): 231–236. 11333: 11322:(2): 223–242. 11302: 11271: 11229: 11210:(1): 121–137. 11181: 11170:(3): 331–342. 11147: 11120:(4): 536–557. 11100: 11081: 11042: 11027: 10988: 10957: 10946:(2): 136–144. 10926: 10907:Sustainability 10890: 10871: 10860:(2): 151–170. 10840: 10825: 10806:(5): 625–636. 10779: 10760: 10741: 10728:10.2307/795228 10722:(5): 871–985. 10702: 10683:(4): 473–497. 10667: 10635: 10616: 10581: 10574:Ahl H (2004). 10566: 10551: 10540:(1): 487–513. 10524: 10511:10.1086/230727 10505:(2): 329–365. 10489: 10456: 10437:(3): 171–181. 10416: 10385: 10366: 10347: 10333:2027.42/146421 10318:(4): 743–762. 10302: 10275: 10260: 10241:(4): 393–398. 10225: 10206:(4): 657–674. 10190: 10171:(4): 702–728. 10155: 10123: 10071: 10034: 9973: 9943:(5): 797–811. 9922: 9911:(4): 518–527. 9893: 9864: 9833: 9796: 9767:(3): 766–779. 9746: 9709: 9691: 9676: 9632:(6): 878–902. 9604: 9597: 9574: 9546: 9535:(2): 225–230. 9508: 9497:(4): 455–480. 9481: 9454: 9435:(4): 295–319. 9419: 9390:(3): 242–273. 9374: 9364: 9355: 9346: 9337: 9318: 9309: 9300: 9274: 9239:(3): 210–216. 9219: 9210: 9197: 9190: 9173: 9143: 9134: 9099: 9063: 9021: 8969: 8960: 8925: 8899: 8874: 8848: 8815: 8789: 8770:(1–4): 39–55. 8754: 8735: 8716: 8697:(2): 193–245. 8681: 8662:(1–2): 36–49. 8646: 8635:(4): 737–755. 8619: 8600:(6): 735–757. 8584: 8565:(5): 658–682. 8549: 8530:(3): 150–162. 8514: 8501:10.2307/353814 8479: 8466: 8459: 8428: 8410: 8389: 8380: 8357: 8319: 8301: 8259: 8250: 8241: 8216: 8191: 8168:Offenhauer P. 8160: 8131:(5): 352–356. 8111: 8104: 8072: 8033: 8007: 7997: 7960: 7951: 7942: 7933: 7926: 7908: 7897: 7879: 7872: 7843: 7832:(3): 416–438. 7813: 7772: 7765: 7759:. p. 13. 7741: 7734: 7710: 7695: 7671: 7636: 7597: 7557: 7550: 7523: 7516: 7489: 7482: 7455: 7426:(2): 159–176. 7406: 7395:(2): 178–179. 7379: 7341: 7325:"Doing Gender" 7315: 7296:(3): 298–304. 7280: 7267: 7245: 7211: 7194: 7179: 7153: 7118: 7091: 7064: 7052: 7043: 7034: 6997: 6988: 6961:(2): 125–151. 6951:"Doing Gender" 6941: 6929: 6904: 6895: 6882: 6865: 6858: 6840: 6813:(5): 699–727. 6797: 6790: 6772: 6763: 6756: 6736: 6727: 6704: 6645: 6626:(5): 565–569. 6610: 6591:(3): 169–087. 6575: 6537: 6506: 6459: 6452: 6424: 6411: 6404: 6386: 6353: 6318: 6283: 6264:(3): 169–187. 6248: 6234: 6214: 6196: 6172: 6155: 6131: 6114: 6094: 6071: 6004: 5985:(1): 196–211. 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5895: 5894: 5893: 5879: 5865: 5849: 5846: 5840: 5837: 5820:Main article: 5817: 5814: 5736: 5735: 5733: 5732: 5725: 5718: 5710: 5707: 5706: 5695: 5694: 5691: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5628:Gender studies 5625: 5619: 5616: 5615: 5612: 5611: 5608: 5607: 5606: 5605: 5595: 5594: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5557: 5556: 5551: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5532: 5531: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5500: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5458: 5457: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5431: 5430: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5404: 5401: 5400: 5397: 5396: 5393: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5350:Cisnormativity 5347: 5342: 5337: 5331: 5326: 5325: 5322: 5321: 5318: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5278: 5273: 5272: 5269: 5268: 5265: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5213: 5208: 5207: 5204: 5203: 5200: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5183: 5182: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5141: 5140: 5135: 5125: 5124: 5123: 5113: 5112: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5091: 5086: 5085: 5084: 5082:Largest events 5079: 5069: 5064: 5063: 5062: 5052: 5047: 5041: 5036: 5035: 5032: 5031: 5026: 5025: 5023: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4996: 4993: 4992: 4988: 4987: 4985: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4972:Gay liberation 4969: 4964: 4959: 4958: 4957: 4946: 4943: 4942: 4936: 4931: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4923: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4881: 4880: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4819: 4818: 4808: 4803: 4802: 4801: 4791: 4785: 4776: 4775: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4742: 4739: 4738: 4717: 4716: 4710: 4709: 4681:Main article: 4678: 4675: 4616: 4615: 4612: 4609: 4570:Camille Cabral 4552: 4549: 4530:Main article: 4527: 4524: 4516:Warren Farrell 4456:discrimination 4448:men's movement 4423:Main article: 4420: 4417: 4310:Women's rights 4302:Main article: 4299: 4296: 4259:elected office 4254: 4251: 4231:women's rights 4210:, traditional 4208:fundamentalism 4196:women's rights 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4136: 4133: 4124:advertisements 4059: 4058: 4017: 4015: 4008: 4001: 4000: 3959: 3957: 3950: 3944: 3941: 3929:women in media 3896: 3893: 3833: 3830: 3779: 3776: 3760:gender marking 3717: 3714: 3681:women of color 3674:gender pay gap 3606: 3603: 3516:Carol Gilligan 3512:Virginia Woolf 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3410: 3407: 3374: 3371: 3357: 3354: 3323: 3320: 3292: 3291: 3288: 3285: 3271: 3270: 3228: 3226: 3219: 3212:Gender Studies 3207: 3204: 3108: 3107: 3098: 3097: 3089: 3088: 3087: 3078: 3077: 3069: 3068: 3067: 3066: 3065: 3063: 3062:Changing roles 3060: 3050: 3047: 3041: 3038: 3013: 3010: 2982: 2979: 2948:Main article: 2945: 2942: 2864:Main article: 2861: 2858: 2779:Roman Catholic 2739:Main article: 2736: 2733: 2725:Main article: 2722: 2719: 2715:social control 2649: 2646: 2550:Main article: 2547: 2544: 2532: 2529: 2485: 2482: 2458:Geert Hofstede 2438: 2437:Geert Hofstede 2435: 2431:interactionist 2425: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2414: 2413: 2406: 2403: 2397: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2386: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2373: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2360: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2341:nuclear family 2328: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2315:Undoing Gender 2309:Gender Trouble 2294:Andrew Cherlin 2234:Main article: 2231: 2228: 2122: 2119: 2100:human behavior 2059: 2058: 2056: 2055: 2048: 2041: 2033: 2030: 2029: 2023: 2022: 2017: 2016: 2015: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1994: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1947: 1946: 1944:Reverse racism 1936: 1931: 1926: 1921: 1916: 1914:Prisoner abuse 1911: 1906: 1904:Power distance 1901: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1871: 1870: 1869: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1822:Ethnic penalty 1819: 1818: 1817: 1815:Neurodiversity 1812: 1802: 1800:Dehumanization 1797: 1792: 1790:Cisnormativity 1787: 1782: 1777: 1771: 1770: 1769: 1768: 1766:Related topics 1765: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1754: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1728: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1693: 1688: 1683: 1682: 1681: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1640: 1639: 1638: 1637: 1634: 1633: 1630: 1629: 1623: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1610:State religion 1607: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1591: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1565: 1560: 1555: 1550: 1549: 1548: 1546:Nuremberg Laws 1543: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1488:Ghetto benches 1485: 1483:Gerrymandering 1480: 1475: 1472: 1470:Gender pay gap 1467: 1466: 1465: 1460: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1429: 1428: 1427: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1419: 1418: 1412: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1295: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1247:Lavender scare 1244: 1242:Kill Haole Day 1239: 1237:Indian rolling 1234: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1213: 1212: 1202: 1197: 1196: 1195: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1123:Eliminationism 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1058:Cancel culture 1055: 1050: 1045: 1044: 1043: 1032: 1031: 1030: 1029: 1027:Manifestations 1026: 1025: 1022: 1021: 1015: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 989: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 954: 949: 944: 939: 934: 929: 924: 919: 914: 909: 907:Middle Eastern 904: 899: 894: 889: 884: 879: 874: 873: 872: 862: 857: 852: 847: 846: 845: 840: 835: 827: 822: 817: 812: 807: 802: 797: 792: 787: 782: 777: 772: 767: 762: 757: 752: 747: 742: 741: 740: 735: 730: 720: 715: 710: 709: 708: 703: 698: 688: 683: 678: 673: 668: 663: 657: 656: 655: 654: 648: 647: 644: 643: 637: 636: 634:Zoroastrianism 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 610: 609: 599: 598: 597: 596: 595: 590: 585: 580: 575: 560: 559: 558: 556:Untouchability 553: 543: 538: 537: 536: 531: 526: 521: 516: 506: 501: 496: 491: 485: 484: 483: 482: 477: 476: 473: 472: 466: 465: 460: 455: 454: 453: 448: 443: 433: 432: 431: 426: 416: 411: 406: 401: 396: 391: 386: 381: 376: 371: 369:Leprosy stigma 366: 361: 356: 351: 346: 341: 336: 331: 326: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 291: 286: 281: 276: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 235: 234: 233: 232: 229: 228: 225: 224: 218: 217: 212: 207: 202: 197: 192: 187: 186: 185: 180: 170: 165: 160: 155: 150: 145: 140: 135: 130: 125: 120: 114: 113: 112: 111: 108: 107: 104: 103: 97: 96: 91: 86: 81: 75: 74: 73: 72: 69: 68: 65: 64: 56: 55: 53:Discrimination 49: 48: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 21376: 21365: 21362: 21360: 21357: 21355: 21352: 21350: 21347: 21345: 21342: 21340: 21337: 21335: 21332: 21331: 21329: 21309: 21305: 21299: 21295: 21285: 21277: 21275: 21267: 21266: 21263: 21257: 21254: 21250: 21247: 21246: 21245: 21242: 21240: 21237: 21235: 21234:Social stigma 21232: 21228: 21225: 21223: 21220: 21218: 21215: 21214: 21213: 21210: 21208: 21205: 21203: 21200: 21198: 21195: 21193: 21190: 21188: 21185: 21181: 21178: 21177: 21176: 21173: 21171: 21168: 21166: 21163: 21161: 21158: 21156: 21153: 21151: 21148: 21146: 21143: 21141: 21138: 21136: 21133: 21131: 21128: 21126: 21123: 21121: 21118: 21116: 21113: 21111: 21108: 21104: 21101: 21100: 21099: 21096: 21094: 21091: 21089: 21086: 21084: 21081: 21079: 21076: 21074: 21071: 21069: 21066: 21064: 21061: 21059: 21056: 21052: 21049: 21047: 21044: 21043: 21042: 21039: 21037: 21034: 21032: 21029: 21027: 21024: 21022: 21019: 21017: 21014: 21012: 21009: 21008: 21006: 21002: 20996: 20993: 20991: 20988: 20986: 20983: 20981: 20978: 20976: 20973: 20971: 20968: 20966: 20963: 20961: 20958: 20956: 20953: 20951: 20948: 20946: 20943: 20941: 20938: 20936: 20933: 20931: 20928: 20924: 20921: 20920: 20919: 20916: 20914: 20911: 20909: 20906: 20904: 20901: 20899: 20896: 20894: 20891: 20889: 20886: 20885: 20883: 20879: 20873: 20870: 20868: 20865: 20863: 20860: 20858: 20857:State atheism 20855: 20853: 20850: 20848: 20845: 20841: 20838: 20836: 20833: 20831: 20828: 20826: 20823: 20822: 20821: 20818: 20816: 20813: 20811: 20808: 20806: 20803: 20799: 20796: 20794: 20793:Jim Crow laws 20791: 20790: 20789: 20786: 20784: 20781: 20779: 20778:One-drop rule 20776: 20774: 20772: 20768: 20766: 20763: 20761: 20758: 20756: 20753: 20751: 20748: 20746: 20743: 20741: 20738: 20736: 20733: 20731: 20728: 20726: 20723: 20721: 20718: 20714: 20711: 20709: 20706: 20705: 20704: 20701: 20699: 20696: 20694: 20693:Blood quantum 20691: 20689: 20686: 20684: 20681: 20680: 20678: 20672: 20666: 20663: 20661: 20658: 20656: 20653: 20651: 20648: 20646: 20643: 20641: 20640:Victimisation 20638: 20636: 20635:Trans bashing 20633: 20631: 20628: 20626: 20623: 20621: 20618: 20616: 20613: 20611: 20608: 20606: 20605:Religious war 20603: 20601: 20598: 20596: 20593: 20591: 20588: 20586: 20585:Racialization 20583: 20581: 20578: 20576: 20573: 20571: 20568: 20566: 20563: 20561: 20558: 20556: 20553: 20549: 20546: 20544: 20541: 20539: 20536: 20535: 20534: 20531: 20529: 20526: 20524: 20521: 20519: 20516: 20514: 20511: 20509: 20506: 20504: 20501: 20499: 20496: 20494: 20491: 20489: 20486: 20484: 20481: 20479: 20476: 20474: 20471: 20467: 20464: 20463: 20462: 20459: 20457: 20456:Glass ceiling 20454: 20450: 20447: 20446: 20445: 20442: 20440: 20437: 20435: 20432: 20430: 20427: 20425: 20422: 20420: 20417: 20415: 20412: 20410: 20407: 20405: 20402: 20400: 20399:Ethnic hatred 20397: 20395: 20392: 20390: 20387: 20385: 20382: 20380: 20377: 20375: 20372: 20370: 20367: 20365: 20362: 20360: 20357: 20355: 20352: 20350: 20347: 20345: 20342: 20340: 20337: 20335: 20334:Counter-jihad 20332: 20330: 20327: 20325: 20322: 20320: 20317: 20315: 20312: 20310: 20307: 20305: 20302: 20298: 20295: 20294: 20293: 20290: 20289: 20287: 20283: 20277: 20274: 20272: 20269: 20267: 20264: 20262: 20259: 20257: 20254: 20252: 20249: 20247: 20244: 20242: 20239: 20237: 20234: 20232: 20229: 20227: 20224: 20222: 20219: 20217: 20214: 20212: 20209: 20207: 20204: 20202: 20199: 20197: 20194: 20192: 20189: 20187: 20184: 20182: 20179: 20177: 20174: 20172: 20169: 20167: 20164: 20162: 20159: 20157: 20154: 20152: 20149: 20147: 20144: 20142: 20139: 20135: 20132: 20131: 20130: 20127: 20125: 20122: 20120: 20117: 20115: 20112: 20108: 20107:United States 20105: 20103: 20100: 20098: 20095: 20094: 20092: 20090: 20087: 20085: 20082: 20080: 20077: 20075: 20072: 20070: 20067: 20065: 20062: 20060: 20057: 20055: 20052: 20050: 20047: 20045: 20042: 20040: 20037: 20035: 20032: 20030: 20027: 20025: 20022: 20020: 20017: 20015: 20012: 20010: 20007: 20003: 20000: 19998: 19995: 19993: 19990: 19989: 19988: 19985: 19983: 19980: 19978: 19975: 19971: 19970:United States 19968: 19966: 19963: 19961: 19958: 19957: 19956: 19953: 19951: 19948: 19946: 19943: 19941: 19938: 19936: 19933: 19931: 19928: 19926: 19923: 19922: 19920: 19918: 19913: 19907: 19904: 19902: 19899: 19897: 19894: 19892: 19891:Protestantism 19889: 19887: 19884: 19880: 19877: 19876: 19875: 19872: 19866: 19863: 19861: 19858: 19856: 19853: 19851: 19848: 19846: 19843: 19842: 19841: 19838: 19837: 19836: 19833: 19829: 19826: 19824: 19821: 19820: 19819: 19816: 19814: 19811: 19807: 19804: 19802: 19801:LDS or Mormon 19799: 19797: 19794: 19792: 19789: 19787: 19784: 19783: 19782: 19779: 19777: 19774: 19772: 19769: 19767: 19764: 19762: 19759: 19758: 19756: 19754: 19750: 19744: 19741: 19739: 19736: 19732: 19729: 19727: 19726:Transmisogyny 19724: 19722: 19719: 19718: 19717: 19714: 19710: 19707: 19705: 19702: 19701: 19700: 19697: 19695: 19692: 19690: 19687: 19685: 19682: 19680: 19677: 19675: 19672: 19670: 19667: 19665: 19662: 19660: 19657: 19655: 19652: 19650: 19647: 19645: 19642: 19640: 19637: 19635: 19632: 19630: 19629:Gerontophobia 19627: 19625: 19622: 19620: 19617: 19615: 19612: 19610: 19607: 19605: 19602: 19600: 19597: 19595: 19592: 19590: 19587: 19585: 19582: 19580: 19577: 19575: 19572: 19570: 19567: 19565: 19562: 19560: 19559:Anti-intersex 19557: 19555: 19552: 19550: 19547: 19545: 19542: 19540: 19537: 19535: 19534:Anti-albinism 19532: 19530: 19527: 19525: 19522: 19520: 19517: 19516: 19514: 19510: 19504: 19501: 19499: 19496: 19494: 19491: 19489: 19486: 19484: 19481: 19479: 19476: 19472: 19469: 19467: 19464: 19463: 19462: 19459: 19457: 19454: 19452: 19449: 19447: 19444: 19442: 19439: 19437: 19434: 19432: 19429: 19427: 19424: 19422: 19419: 19417: 19414: 19412: 19409: 19407: 19404: 19403: 19401: 19397: 19391: 19388: 19386: 19383: 19381: 19378: 19376: 19375:Institutional 19373: 19372: 19370: 19366: 19362: 19355: 19350: 19348: 19343: 19341: 19336: 19335: 19332: 19320: 19319: 19313: 19309: 19307: 19306: 19300: 19296: 19294: 19293: 19283: 19281: 19280: 19276: 19275: 19272: 19262: 19259: 19257: 19254: 19252: 19249: 19247: 19246:Neo-Darwinism 19244: 19242: 19239: 19237: 19234: 19232: 19231:Functionalism 19229: 19225: 19222: 19220: 19217: 19215: 19212: 19210: 19207: 19205: 19202: 19200: 19197: 19195: 19192: 19190: 19189:Connectionism 19187: 19185: 19182: 19181: 19180: 19179:indeterminism 19176: 19173: 19171: 19168: 19167: 19165: 19161: 19153: 19150: 19148: 19145: 19143: 19140: 19138: 19135: 19133: 19130: 19128: 19125: 19123: 19120: 19118: 19115: 19113: 19110: 19108: 19105: 19103: 19100: 19098: 19095: 19093: 19090: 19088: 19085: 19084: 19083: 19080: 19078: 19075: 19073: 19070: 19068: 19065: 19063: 19060: 19058: 19055: 19053: 19050: 19049: 19047: 19043: 19037: 19034: 19032: 19029: 19027: 19024: 19022: 19019: 19017: 19014: 19012: 19009: 19007: 19004: 19002: 18999: 18997: 18994: 18992: 18989: 18987: 18984: 18982: 18979: 18977: 18974: 18972: 18968: 18964: 18960: 18957: 18955: 18951: 18948: 18946: 18942: 18939: 18938: 18936: 18932: 18929: 18925: 18915: 18912: 18910: 18907: 18905: 18902: 18900: 18899:Schizophrenia 18897: 18895: 18892: 18890: 18887: 18885: 18884:Mental health 18882: 18880: 18877: 18875: 18872: 18870: 18867: 18865: 18862: 18860: 18857: 18855: 18852: 18850: 18847: 18845: 18842: 18840: 18837: 18835: 18832: 18831: 18829: 18827: 18823: 18817: 18814: 18812: 18809: 18807: 18803: 18799: 18796: 18794: 18790: 18787: 18785: 18782: 18780: 18777: 18775: 18772: 18770: 18767: 18765: 18762: 18760: 18759:Mate guarding 18757: 18755: 18752: 18750: 18747: 18745: 18742: 18740: 18737: 18735: 18732: 18730: 18727: 18725: 18722: 18720: 18719:Age disparity 18717: 18715: 18712: 18710: 18707: 18706: 18704: 18702: 18698: 18690: 18687: 18685: 18682: 18680: 18677: 18675: 18672: 18671: 18670: 18667: 18665: 18662: 18660: 18657: 18655: 18652: 18650: 18649:Schizophrenia 18647: 18645: 18642: 18640: 18637: 18635: 18632: 18630: 18627: 18625: 18622: 18620: 18617: 18615: 18612: 18608: 18605: 18603: 18600: 18598: 18595: 18593: 18590: 18588: 18585: 18584: 18583: 18580: 18579: 18577: 18575: 18574:Mental health 18570: 18569:Human factors 18566: 18560: 18559:Socialization 18557: 18555: 18552: 18550: 18547: 18545: 18542: 18540: 18537: 18535: 18532: 18530: 18527: 18525: 18522: 18520: 18519:paternal bond 18516: 18512: 18509: 18507: 18504: 18502: 18499: 18498: 18496: 18494: 18490: 18484: 18481: 18477: 18474: 18473: 18472: 18469: 18465: 18462: 18461: 18460: 18457: 18453: 18450: 18448: 18445: 18443: 18440: 18439: 18438: 18435: 18433: 18430: 18426: 18423: 18422: 18421: 18418: 18414: 18411: 18409: 18406: 18405: 18404: 18401: 18400: 18398: 18396: 18392: 18384: 18383:Naïve physics 18381: 18379: 18376: 18374: 18371: 18370: 18369: 18366: 18364: 18361: 18359: 18356: 18354: 18350: 18349:Motor control 18347: 18343: 18340: 18338: 18335: 18334: 18333: 18330: 18328: 18324: 18321: 18319: 18315: 18312: 18308: 18307:Ophidiophobia 18305: 18303: 18300: 18298: 18297:Arachnophobia 18295: 18294: 18293: 18290: 18288: 18285: 18283: 18280: 18278: 18275: 18271: 18268: 18266: 18263: 18261: 18258: 18256: 18253: 18251: 18248: 18247: 18246: 18242: 18239: 18237: 18234: 18230: 18227: 18225: 18224:Display rules 18222: 18220: 18217: 18216: 18215: 18212: 18211: 18209: 18207: 18202: 18198: 18195: 18191: 18185: 18182: 18178: 18175: 18173: 18170: 18168: 18164: 18161: 18159: 18156: 18155: 18154: 18151: 18147: 18144: 18143: 18142: 18139: 18137: 18134: 18132: 18129: 18127: 18126:Kin selection 18124: 18120: 18117: 18116: 18115: 18112: 18110: 18107: 18105: 18102: 18100: 18097: 18095: 18092: 18088: 18085: 18083: 18080: 18078: 18075: 18074: 18073: 18070: 18068: 18065: 18064: 18062: 18060: 18054: 18048: 18045: 18041: 18038: 18036: 18033: 18031: 18028: 18026: 18023: 18021: 18020:Adaptationism 18018: 18017: 18016: 18013: 18009: 18006: 18005: 18004: 18001: 18000: 17997: 17993: 17986: 17981: 17979: 17974: 17972: 17967: 17966: 17963: 17951: 17943: 17941: 17933: 17931: 17930: 17919: 17918: 17915: 17905: 17902: 17899: 17898: 17894: 17892: 17889: 17887: 17884: 17880: 17877: 17875: 17872: 17871: 17870: 17867: 17865: 17862: 17861: 17859: 17855: 17850: 17847: 17845: 17842: 17840: 17837: 17835: 17832: 17830: 17827: 17825: 17822: 17820: 17817: 17815: 17812: 17810: 17807: 17805: 17802: 17800: 17798: 17794: 17791: 17787: 17777: 17774: 17773: 17772: 17771:United States 17769: 17767: 17764: 17762: 17759: 17757: 17754: 17752: 17749: 17747: 17744: 17742: 17739: 17737: 17734: 17732: 17729: 17727: 17724: 17722: 17719: 17717: 17714: 17712: 17709: 17707: 17704: 17702: 17699: 17697: 17694: 17692: 17689: 17687: 17684: 17682: 17679: 17677: 17674: 17672: 17669: 17667: 17664: 17660: 17657: 17655: 17652: 17650: 17647: 17645: 17642: 17640: 17637: 17635: 17632: 17630: 17627: 17625: 17622: 17621: 17620: 17619:Latin America 17617: 17615: 17612: 17610: 17607: 17605: 17602: 17600: 17597: 17595: 17592: 17590: 17587: 17585: 17582: 17580: 17577: 17575: 17572: 17570: 17567: 17565: 17562: 17560: 17557: 17555: 17552: 17550: 17547: 17545: 17542: 17540: 17537: 17535: 17532: 17530: 17527: 17525: 17522: 17518: 17515: 17513: 17510: 17508: 17505: 17503: 17500: 17498: 17495: 17493: 17490: 17488: 17485: 17483: 17480: 17479: 17478: 17475: 17474: 17470: 17466: 17460: 17457: 17455: 17452: 17450: 17449:Technoscience 17447: 17445: 17442: 17440: 17437: 17435: 17432: 17430: 17427: 17423: 17420: 17419: 17418: 17415: 17413: 17410: 17406: 17403: 17401: 17398: 17396: 17393: 17389: 17386: 17385: 17384: 17381: 17379: 17376: 17374: 17371: 17369: 17366: 17365: 17364: 17361: 17359: 17356: 17354: 17351: 17347: 17344: 17343: 17342: 17339: 17337: 17334: 17332: 17329: 17327: 17324: 17322: 17319: 17317: 17314: 17310: 17307: 17305: 17302: 17300: 17299:Art criticism 17297: 17296: 17295: 17292: 17290: 17287: 17285: 17282: 17280: 17277: 17275: 17272: 17268: 17265: 17263: 17260: 17259: 17258: 17255: 17253: 17250: 17248: 17245: 17243: 17240: 17238: 17235: 17233: 17230: 17228: 17225: 17223: 17220: 17218: 17215: 17213: 17212:Men's studies 17210: 17208: 17205: 17203: 17200: 17199: 17197: 17194: 17192: 17189: 17187: 17184: 17182: 17179: 17177: 17175: 17171: 17163: 17160: 17158: 17155: 17153: 17148: 17146: 17143: 17141: 17138: 17136: 17133: 17131: 17128: 17126: 17123: 17121: 17120:Transmisogyny 17118: 17116: 17113: 17111: 17108: 17106: 17103: 17101: 17098: 17096: 17093: 17091: 17088: 17086: 17083: 17081: 17080:Purplewashing 17078: 17076: 17075:Protofeminism 17073: 17071: 17068: 17066: 17063: 17061: 17058: 17056: 17053: 17051: 17048: 17046: 17043: 17041: 17038: 17036: 17033: 17031: 17028: 17026: 17023: 17021: 17018: 17016: 17013: 17011: 17007: 17003: 17001: 16998: 16996: 16993: 16991: 16988: 16986: 16985:Honor killing 16983: 16981: 16978: 16976: 16973: 16971: 16968: 16966: 16963: 16961: 16958: 16954: 16951: 16949: 16946: 16944: 16941: 16940: 16939: 16936: 16934: 16931: 16929: 16926: 16924: 16921: 16919: 16916: 16914: 16911: 16909: 16906: 16904: 16901: 16899: 16896: 16894: 16891: 16889: 16886: 16882: 16879: 16878: 16877: 16874: 16872: 16869: 16867: 16864: 16863: 16859: 16855: 16846: 16843: 16841: 16838: 16834: 16831: 16830: 16829: 16826: 16822: 16819: 16817: 16814: 16812: 16809: 16808: 16807: 16804: 16802: 16799: 16797: 16794: 16792: 16788: 16780: 16777: 16773: 16770: 16769: 16768: 16765: 16763: 16760: 16758: 16755: 16751: 16748: 16746: 16743: 16741: 16738: 16737: 16736: 16733: 16729: 16726: 16724: 16721: 16719: 16716: 16714: 16711: 16710: 16709: 16706: 16704: 16701: 16699: 16696: 16695: 16691: 16689: 16685: 16679: 16676: 16672: 16669: 16668: 16667: 16664: 16662: 16659: 16657: 16656:Transnational 16654: 16652: 16649: 16647: 16644: 16642: 16639: 16635: 16632: 16631: 16630: 16627: 16625: 16622: 16620: 16617: 16615: 16612: 16610: 16607: 16605: 16602: 16598: 16595: 16594: 16593: 16590: 16588: 16585: 16583: 16580: 16578: 16575: 16573: 16570: 16568: 16565: 16563: 16560: 16558: 16555: 16553: 16550: 16546: 16543: 16542: 16541: 16538: 16536: 16533: 16531: 16528: 16526: 16525:Individualist 16523: 16519: 16516: 16515: 16514: 16511: 16509: 16506: 16504: 16501: 16499: 16496: 16494: 16491: 16489: 16486: 16482: 16479: 16478: 16477: 16474: 16472: 16469: 16465: 16462: 16461: 16460: 16457: 16455: 16452: 16450: 16447: 16445: 16442: 16440: 16437: 16435: 16432: 16430: 16427: 16425: 16424:Anti-abortion 16422: 16420: 16417: 16415: 16412: 16411: 16409: 16405: 16402: 16400: 16394: 16380: 16377: 16375: 16372: 16370: 16367: 16366: 16365: 16362: 16360: 16357: 16355: 16352: 16351: 16350: 16349:United States 16347: 16343: 16340: 16339: 16338: 16335: 16333: 16330: 16328: 16325: 16323: 16320: 16318: 16315: 16313: 16310: 16308: 16305: 16303: 16300: 16298: 16295: 16294: 16292: 16290: 16286: 16279: 16275: 16273: 16270: 16268: 16265: 16263: 16260: 16259: 16257: 16253: 16247: 16244: 16242: 16239: 16235: 16232: 16231: 16230: 16227: 16225: 16222: 16220: 16217: 16216: 16214: 16210: 16207: 16205: 16201: 16197: 16190: 16185: 16183: 16178: 16176: 16171: 16170: 16167: 16155: 16152: 16150: 16147: 16145: 16142: 16140: 16137: 16135: 16132: 16130: 16127: 16125: 16122: 16120: 16117: 16115: 16112: 16110: 16107: 16105: 16102: 16101: 16099: 16095: 16085: 16082: 16080: 16077: 16075: 16074:Postgenderism 16072: 16070: 16067: 16065: 16064:Monosexuality 16062: 16060: 16057: 16055: 16052: 16050: 16047: 16045: 16042: 16040: 16037: 16035: 16034:Allosexuality 16032: 16031: 16029: 16025: 16019: 16016: 16014: 16013:Homosociality 16011: 16009: 16006: 16004: 16003:Antisexuality 16001: 15999: 15996: 15995: 15993: 15989: 15983: 15980: 15978: 15975: 15973: 15970: 15968: 15965: 15963: 15960: 15958: 15955: 15953: 15950: 15948: 15945: 15943: 15940: 15938: 15935: 15931: 15928: 15927: 15926: 15923: 15921: 15918: 15916: 15913: 15911: 15908: 15906: 15903: 15901: 15898: 15896: 15893: 15892: 15890: 15886: 15880: 15877: 15875: 15872: 15870: 15867: 15865: 15862: 15861: 15859: 15857: 15853: 15850: 15848: 15840: 15830: 15827: 15825: 15822: 15820: 15817: 15815: 15812: 15810: 15807: 15805: 15802: 15800: 15797: 15795: 15792: 15790: 15787: 15785: 15782: 15780: 15777: 15775: 15772: 15770: 15767: 15765: 15762: 15760: 15757: 15755: 15752: 15750: 15747: 15745: 15742: 15740: 15737: 15735: 15732: 15730: 15727: 15725: 15722: 15720: 15717: 15715: 15712: 15708: 15705: 15704: 15703: 15700: 15698: 15695: 15693: 15690: 15685: 15682: 15679: 15678: 15677: 15676:Bugis genders 15674: 15672: 15669: 15667: 15664: 15662: 15659: 15657: 15654: 15653: 15651: 15647: 15646:Third genders 15643: 15637: 15634: 15630: 15627: 15625: 15622: 15620: 15617: 15616: 15615: 15612: 15610: 15607: 15603: 15600: 15599: 15598: 15595: 15593: 15590: 15588: 15585: 15583: 15580: 15578: 15575: 15573: 15570: 15568: 15567:Gender bender 15565: 15563: 15560: 15558: 15557:Cross-dresser 15555: 15553: 15550: 15548: 15545: 15543: 15540: 15538: 15535: 15533: 15530: 15528: 15525: 15523: 15520: 15519: 15517: 15515: 15511: 15508: 15506: 15500: 15495: 15491: 15484: 15479: 15477: 15472: 15470: 15465: 15464: 15461: 15449: 15441: 15439: 15431: 15429: 15421: 15420: 15417: 15411: 15408: 15406: 15403: 15401: 15398: 15397: 15395: 15391: 15381: 15378: 15376: 15373: 15372: 15370: 15366: 15360: 15357: 15355: 15352: 15351: 15349: 15345: 15342: 15338: 15324: 15321: 15319: 15316: 15314: 15311: 15309: 15306: 15305: 15303: 15299: 15293: 15290: 15289: 15287: 15283: 15280: 15276: 15270: 15267: 15265: 15262: 15260: 15257: 15255: 15252: 15250: 15247: 15245: 15242: 15241: 15239: 15235: 15232: 15230: 15224: 15218: 15215: 15213: 15210: 15208: 15205: 15203: 15200: 15198: 15195: 15193: 15190: 15188: 15185: 15183: 15180: 15178: 15175: 15171: 15168: 15166: 15163: 15161: 15158: 15156: 15153: 15151: 15148: 15146: 15143: 15142: 15141: 15138: 15136: 15133: 15131: 15128: 15126: 15125: 15121: 15120: 15118: 15116: 15110: 15104: 15101: 15099: 15096: 15094: 15091: 15089: 15086: 15084: 15083:Gender binary 15081: 15079: 15076: 15074: 15071: 15068: 15065: 15063: 15060: 15058: 15055: 15053: 15050: 15049: 15047: 15043: 15028: 15027:Postgenderism 15025: 15023: 15020: 15018: 15015: 15014: 15012: 15008: 15004: 14997: 14992: 14990: 14985: 14983: 14978: 14977: 14974: 14967: 14966: 14961: 14958: 14955: 14952: 14949: 14946: 14945: 14939: 14932: 14927: 14919: 14913: 14909: 14902: 14893: 14878: 14872: 14868: 14867: 14859: 14857: 14855: 14846: 14842: 14838: 14834: 14827: 14811: 14804: 14796: 14792: 14788: 14784: 14780: 14776: 14769: 14759: 14750: 14741: 14735: 14729: 14720: 14712: 14711:Our Sexuality 14705: 14697: 14690: 14688: 14679: 14673: 14669: 14662: 14654: 14650: 14646: 14642: 14638: 14634: 14627: 14620: 14619: 14614: 14608: 14602: 14601:0-8166-0812-1 14598: 14592: 14583: 14575: 14569: 14550: 14543: 14536: 14529: 14525: 14519: 14512: 14508: 14502: 14486: 14482: 14476: 14468: 14462: 14458: 14457: 14449: 14441: 14435: 14431: 14430: 14422: 14414: 14410: 14405: 14400: 14397:(2): 45–101. 14396: 14392: 14388: 14384: 14377: 14370: 14359: 14353: 14349: 14345: 14344: 14336: 14329: 14318: 14312: 14308: 14304: 14303: 14295: 14288: 14276: 14270: 14266: 14262: 14261: 14253: 14251: 14242: 14238: 14233: 14228: 14224: 14220: 14219: 14214: 14207: 14205: 14203: 14194: 14190: 14186: 14182: 14178: 14174: 14170: 14166: 14159: 14151: 14147: 14142: 14137: 14133: 14129: 14125: 14121: 14117: 14110: 14104: 14098: 14091: 14090: 14085: 14080: 14072: 14060: 14052: 14048: 14044: 14038: 14034: 14033: 14025: 14014: 14007: 14001: 13994: 13988: 13972: 13968: 13964: 13958: 13951: 13947: 13941: 13934: 13933:1-58182-594-3 13930: 13924: 13917: 13913: 13907: 13900: 13899: 13893: 13877: 13873: 13868: 13860: 13844: 13840: 13839: 13834: 13827: 13811: 13807: 13803: 13797: 13782: 13778: 13771: 13769: 13752: 13748: 13742: 13740: 13724:. 17 May 2011 13723: 13719: 13713: 13711: 13703: 13700: 13694: 13690: 13684: 13680: 13679: 13671: 13669: 13658: 13654: 13650: 13646: 13642: 13638: 13633: 13629: 13623: 13619: 13618: 13612: 13608: 13602: 13598: 13594: 13589: 13585: 13579: 13575: 13574: 13568: 13564: 13558: 13554: 13550: 13549: 13544: 13540: 13529: 13528: 13523: 13518: 13514: 13508: 13504: 13500: 13496: 13492: 13488: 13484: 13480: 13474: 13470: 13466: 13462: 13457: 13450: 13446: 13442: 13435: 13430: 13429: 13425: 13418: 13413: 13407: 13403: 13399: 13398: 13390: 13383: 13379: 13373: 13369: 13364: 13363: 13354: 13344: 13338: 13334: 13330: 13325: 13317: 13313: 13309: 13305: 13301: 13297: 13293: 13286: 13271: 13266: 13258: 13242: 13238: 13231: 13222: 13217: 13213: 13209: 13205: 13202:(4): 357–70. 13201: 13197: 13193: 13186: 13177: 13169: 13165: 13161: 13157: 13153: 13149: 13142: 13134: 13130: 13126: 13122: 13118: 13114: 13107: 13099: 13095: 13091: 13087: 13083: 13079: 13072: 13064: 13060: 13053: 13045: 13041: 13037: 13033: 13029: 13025: 13018: 13010: 13006: 13001: 12996: 12992: 12988: 12984: 12980: 12974: 12966: 12962: 12958: 12954: 12950: 12946: 12939: 12931: 12927: 12923: 12919: 12915: 12911: 12907: 12901: 12894: 12882: 12878: 12872: 12864: 12863: 12858: 12852: 12844: 12832: 12824: 12818: 12814: 12813: 12805: 12797: 12791: 12787: 12786: 12778: 12770: 12766: 12762: 12758: 12755:(15): 39–41. 12754: 12750: 12743: 12728: 12724: 12717: 12702: 12698: 12691: 12683: 12679: 12675: 12671: 12667: 12663: 12656: 12648: 12644: 12640: 12636: 12632: 12628: 12621: 12613: 12609: 12605: 12601: 12597: 12593: 12586: 12578: 12574: 12570: 12566: 12562: 12558: 12554: 12550: 12546: 12539: 12531: 12527: 12522: 12517: 12513: 12509: 12504: 12499: 12495: 12491: 12487: 12480: 12465: 12461: 12454: 12446: 12442: 12438: 12434: 12427: 12419: 12415: 12411: 12407: 12403: 12399: 12392: 12384: 12380: 12376: 12372: 12368: 12364: 12360: 12356: 12349: 12341: 12337: 12332: 12327: 12323: 12319: 12315: 12311: 12307: 12300: 12292: 12288: 12284: 12280: 12276: 12272: 12268: 12261: 12253: 12249: 12245: 12241: 12237: 12233: 12229: 12222: 12207: 12203: 12197: 12189: 12182: 12174: 12170: 12166: 12162: 12158: 12154: 12150: 12143: 12132: 12128: 12124: 12120: 12116: 12112: 12108: 12107: 12099: 12095: 12089: 12081: 12077: 12072: 12067: 12062: 12057: 12053: 12049: 12045: 12041: 12040: 12035: 12027: 12019: 12015: 12011: 12007: 12003: 11999: 11992: 11977: 11971: 11967: 11966: 11958: 11950: 11946: 11942: 11938: 11934: 11930: 11925: 11920: 11916: 11912: 11911: 11903: 11895: 11891: 11886: 11881: 11877: 11873: 11869: 11865: 11861: 11857: 11853: 11846: 11838: 11834: 11830: 11826: 11822: 11818: 11814: 11807: 11799: 11795: 11791: 11787: 11783: 11779: 11775: 11768: 11760: 11747: 11736: 11729: 11722: 11720: 11703: 11699: 11693: 11691: 11689: 11680: 11676: 11672: 11668: 11664: 11660: 11656: 11652: 11648: 11644: 11640: 11633: 11622: 11618: 11611: 11605: 11599: 11593: 11585: 11581: 11577: 11573: 11569: 11565: 11561: 11554: 11546: 11542: 11538: 11534: 11530: 11526: 11522: 11518: 11514: 11507: 11492: 11488: 11484: 11480: 11473: 11465: 11461: 11457: 11453: 11449: 11445: 11441: 11434: 11426: 11422: 11415: 11407: 11403: 11399: 11395: 11391: 11387: 11383: 11376: 11368: 11364: 11360: 11356: 11352: 11348: 11344: 11337: 11329: 11325: 11321: 11317: 11313: 11306: 11298: 11294: 11290: 11286: 11282: 11275: 11267: 11263: 11259: 11255: 11251: 11247: 11243: 11236: 11234: 11225: 11221: 11217: 11213: 11209: 11205: 11201: 11194: 11192: 11190: 11188: 11186: 11177: 11173: 11169: 11165: 11161: 11154: 11152: 11143: 11139: 11135: 11131: 11127: 11123: 11119: 11115: 11111: 11104: 11097:(1): 262–266. 11096: 11092: 11085: 11077: 11073: 11069: 11065: 11061: 11057: 11053: 11046: 11038: 11031: 11023: 11019: 11015: 11011: 11007: 11003: 10999: 10992: 10984: 10980: 10976: 10972: 10968: 10961: 10953: 10949: 10945: 10941: 10937: 10930: 10921: 10916: 10913:(21): 11863. 10912: 10908: 10904: 10897: 10895: 10887:(4): 377–393. 10886: 10882: 10875: 10867: 10863: 10859: 10855: 10851: 10844: 10836: 10835:Masculinities 10829: 10821: 10817: 10813: 10809: 10805: 10801: 10797: 10790: 10788: 10786: 10784: 10775: 10771: 10764: 10756: 10752: 10745: 10737: 10733: 10729: 10725: 10721: 10717: 10713: 10706: 10698: 10694: 10690: 10686: 10682: 10678: 10671: 10652: 10645: 10639: 10631: 10627: 10620: 10612: 10608: 10604: 10600: 10596: 10592: 10585: 10577: 10570: 10562: 10555: 10547: 10543: 10539: 10535: 10528: 10520: 10516: 10512: 10508: 10504: 10500: 10493: 10484: 10479: 10475: 10471: 10467: 10460: 10452: 10448: 10444: 10440: 10436: 10432: 10425: 10423: 10421: 10412: 10408: 10404: 10400: 10396: 10389: 10381: 10377: 10370: 10362: 10358: 10351: 10343: 10339: 10334: 10329: 10325: 10321: 10317: 10313: 10306: 10298: 10294: 10290: 10286: 10279: 10271: 10264: 10256: 10252: 10248: 10244: 10240: 10236: 10229: 10221: 10217: 10213: 10209: 10205: 10201: 10194: 10186: 10182: 10178: 10174: 10170: 10166: 10159: 10144: 10140: 10139: 10138:Campus Reform 10134: 10127: 10119: 10115: 10111: 10107: 10103: 10099: 10095: 10091: 10090: 10082: 10075: 10067: 10063: 10059: 10055: 10052:(1): 93–102. 10051: 10047: 10046: 10038: 10032: 10028: 10025: 10020: 10016: 10012: 10008: 10003: 9998: 9994: 9990: 9989: 9984: 9977: 9971: 9966: 9962: 9958: 9954: 9950: 9946: 9942: 9938: 9937: 9932: 9926: 9918: 9914: 9910: 9906: 9905: 9897: 9889: 9885: 9881: 9877: 9876: 9868: 9860: 9856: 9852: 9848: 9844: 9837: 9829: 9825: 9821: 9817: 9813: 9809: 9808: 9800: 9792: 9788: 9784: 9780: 9775: 9770: 9766: 9762: 9761: 9753: 9751: 9742: 9738: 9734: 9730: 9726: 9722: 9721: 9713: 9705: 9701: 9695: 9687: 9680: 9669: 9665: 9661: 9657: 9653: 9649: 9645: 9640: 9635: 9631: 9627: 9626: 9618: 9614: 9608: 9600: 9594: 9590: 9589: 9584: 9578: 9570: 9566: 9562: 9561: 9556: 9550: 9542: 9538: 9534: 9530: 9529: 9521: 9519: 9517: 9515: 9513: 9504: 9500: 9496: 9492: 9485: 9477: 9473: 9470:(1): 85–106. 9469: 9465: 9458: 9450: 9446: 9442: 9438: 9434: 9430: 9423: 9415: 9411: 9407: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9389: 9385: 9378: 9368: 9359: 9350: 9341: 9333: 9329: 9322: 9313: 9304: 9289: 9285: 9278: 9270: 9266: 9262: 9258: 9254: 9250: 9246: 9242: 9238: 9234: 9230: 9223: 9214: 9207: 9201: 9193: 9187: 9183: 9177: 9169: 9165: 9162:(6): 641–72. 9161: 9157: 9150: 9148: 9138: 9130: 9126: 9122: 9118: 9115:(6): 722–41. 9114: 9110: 9103: 9095: 9091: 9087: 9083: 9079: 9072: 9070: 9068: 9059: 9055: 9051: 9047: 9043: 9039: 9038:Urban Studies 9032: 9030: 9028: 9026: 9017: 9013: 9009: 9005: 9001: 8997: 8993: 8989: 8985: 8978: 8976: 8974: 8964: 8956: 8952: 8948: 8944: 8940: 8936: 8929: 8914:. 29 May 2013 8913: 8909: 8903: 8888: 8884: 8878: 8862: 8858: 8852: 8836: 8832: 8827: 8819: 8804:. 5 June 2014 8803: 8799: 8793: 8785: 8781: 8777: 8773: 8769: 8765: 8764:Gender Issues 8758: 8750: 8746: 8739: 8731: 8727: 8720: 8712: 8708: 8704: 8700: 8696: 8692: 8685: 8677: 8673: 8669: 8665: 8661: 8657: 8650: 8642: 8638: 8634: 8630: 8623: 8615: 8611: 8607: 8603: 8599: 8595: 8588: 8580: 8576: 8572: 8568: 8564: 8560: 8553: 8545: 8541: 8537: 8533: 8529: 8525: 8518: 8510: 8506: 8502: 8498: 8494: 8490: 8483: 8476: 8470: 8462: 8456: 8451: 8450: 8441: 8439: 8437: 8435: 8433: 8424: 8420: 8414: 8406: 8401: 8393: 8384: 8376: 8372: 8368: 8361: 8353: 8349: 8345: 8341: 8337: 8333: 8326: 8324: 8316: 8310: 8308: 8306: 8297: 8293: 8289: 8285: 8281: 8277: 8270: 8268: 8266: 8264: 8254: 8245: 8230: 8226: 8220: 8205: 8201: 8195: 8184: 8180: 8179: 8171: 8164: 8156: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8138: 8134: 8130: 8126: 8122: 8115: 8107: 8101: 8097: 8093: 8089: 8088: 8083: 8076: 8068: 8064: 8060: 8056: 8052: 8048: 8044: 8037: 8022: 8018: 8011: 8001: 7982: 7978: 7971: 7964: 7955: 7946: 7937: 7929: 7923: 7919: 7912: 7905: 7900: 7894: 7890: 7883: 7875: 7869: 7865: 7860: 7859: 7850: 7848: 7839: 7835: 7831: 7827: 7823: 7817: 7809: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7791: 7787: 7783: 7776: 7768: 7762: 7758: 7754: 7753: 7745: 7737: 7731: 7727: 7723: 7722: 7714: 7706: 7699: 7684: 7683: 7675: 7667: 7663: 7659: 7655: 7651: 7647: 7640: 7632: 7628: 7624: 7620: 7616: 7612: 7608: 7601: 7593: 7587: 7572: 7568: 7561: 7553: 7547: 7543: 7539: 7538: 7530: 7528: 7519: 7513: 7509: 7505: 7504: 7496: 7494: 7485: 7479: 7475: 7474: 7466: 7464: 7462: 7460: 7451: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7433: 7429: 7425: 7421: 7417: 7410: 7402: 7398: 7394: 7390: 7383: 7375: 7371: 7367: 7363: 7359: 7355: 7348: 7346: 7330: 7326: 7319: 7311: 7307: 7303: 7299: 7295: 7291: 7284: 7277: 7271: 7263: 7259: 7255: 7249: 7242: 7237: 7233: 7230:(4): 301–19. 7229: 7225: 7221: 7215: 7208: 7207:0-465-07714-5 7204: 7198: 7190: 7186: 7182: 7176: 7172: 7171: 7166: 7160: 7158: 7149: 7145: 7141: 7137: 7133: 7129: 7122: 7114: 7110: 7106: 7102: 7095: 7087: 7083: 7079: 7075: 7068: 7059: 7057: 7047: 7038: 7019: 7015: 7008: 7001: 6992: 6984: 6980: 6976: 6972: 6968: 6964: 6960: 6956: 6952: 6945: 6938: 6933: 6926: 6922: 6918: 6914: 6908: 6899: 6892: 6886: 6880: 6876: 6869: 6861: 6855: 6851: 6844: 6836: 6832: 6828: 6824: 6820: 6816: 6812: 6808: 6801: 6793: 6787: 6783: 6776: 6767: 6759: 6753: 6749: 6748: 6740: 6731: 6723: 6719: 6715: 6708: 6700: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6682: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6664: 6660: 6656: 6649: 6641: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6625: 6621: 6614: 6606: 6602: 6598: 6594: 6590: 6586: 6579: 6564: 6560: 6556: 6552: 6548: 6541: 6534: 6523: 6522: 6517: 6510: 6502: 6496: 6477: 6470: 6463: 6455: 6449: 6445: 6441: 6440: 6435: 6428: 6421: 6415: 6407: 6401: 6397: 6390: 6384: 6380: 6376: 6371: 6370:0-312-22479-6 6367: 6363: 6357: 6349: 6345: 6341: 6337: 6333: 6329: 6322: 6314: 6310: 6306: 6302: 6298: 6294: 6287: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6267: 6263: 6259: 6252: 6237: 6231: 6227: 6226: 6218: 6211: 6199: 6193: 6189: 6185: 6184: 6176: 6169: 6158: 6152: 6148: 6144: 6143: 6135: 6128: 6117: 6111: 6107: 6106: 6098: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6082: 6075: 6067: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6049: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6031: 6027: 6023: 6019: 6015: 6008: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5976: 5969: 5965: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5914:Gender bender 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5896: 5891: 5880: 5877: 5871: 5866: 5863: 5852: 5845: 5836: 5829: 5823: 5813: 5809: 5806: 5801: 5797: 5794: 5788: 5784: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5770: 5766: 5761: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5742: 5731: 5726: 5724: 5719: 5717: 5712: 5711: 5709: 5708: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5696: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5678:Transfeminism 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5658:Queer studies 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5620: 5614: 5613: 5604: 5601: 5600: 5599: 5596: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5578: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5555: 5554:Vulnerability 5552: 5550: 5547: 5546: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5530: 5527: 5526: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5479: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5456: 5453: 5452: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5429: 5426: 5425: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5405: 5399: 5398: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5377: 5376:homosexuality 5374:Religion and 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5332: 5329: 5324: 5323: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5310:Youth suicide 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5280: 5279: 5276: 5271: 5270: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5214: 5211: 5206: 5205: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5181: 5178: 5177: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5165:Socialization 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5130: 5129: 5126: 5122: 5119: 5118: 5117: 5116:LGBTQ culture 5114: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5096: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5074: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5061: 5058: 5057: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5042: 5039: 5034: 5033: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4994: 4990: 4989: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4962:Homosexuality 4960: 4956: 4953: 4952: 4951: 4948: 4947: 4945: 4944: 4940: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4928: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4879: 4876: 4875: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4853:Homosexuality 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4817: 4814: 4813: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4800: 4797: 4796: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4786: 4783: 4779: 4774: 4773: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4740: 4719: 4718: 4715: 4712: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4690: 4684: 4674: 4672: 4668: 4663: 4662: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4624:cross-dresser 4621: 4613: 4610: 4607: 4606: 4605: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4571: 4567: 4562: 4558: 4548: 4546: 4543:, the end of 4542: 4538: 4533: 4523: 4519: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4491: 4488: 4483: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4426: 4416: 4413: 4409: 4404: 4402: 4398: 4392: 4391:20 percent." 4389: 4385: 4384: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4357: 4353: 4352:Betty Friedan 4348: 4344: 4339: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4316: 4311: 4305: 4295: 4291: 4289: 4285: 4279: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4263: 4260: 4250: 4248: 4247:progressivism 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4219: 4217: 4213: 4212:family values 4209: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4174: 4170: 4168: 4164: 4159: 4156: 4155:online gaming 4150: 4147: 4146:self-efficacy 4141: 4132: 4129: 4125: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4109: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4094: 4090: 4085: 4081: 4076: 4074: 4070: 4065: 4055: 4052: 4044: 4034: 4030: 4024: 4023: 4018:This section 4016: 4007: 4006: 3997: 3994: 3986: 3976: 3972: 3966: 3965: 3960:This section 3958: 3954: 3949: 3948: 3940: 3936: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3909: 3905: 3903: 3892: 3890: 3884: 3881: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3868: 3863: 3861: 3854:as the model. 3853: 3849: 3848:Beauty Parade 3844: 3839: 3829: 3827: 3821: 3817: 3814: 3810: 3807: 3806: 3801: 3797: 3789: 3784: 3775: 3771: 3769: 3765: 3764:infantilizing 3761: 3755: 3752: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3736: 3732: 3726: 3722: 3713: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3698: 3694: 3691: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3675: 3670: 3666: 3665:glass ceiling 3660: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3640: 3636: 3630: 3629: 3624: 3602: 3599: 3594: 3590: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3562: 3557: 3553: 3551: 3545: 3543: 3535: 3530: 3526: 3524: 3523: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3484: 3480: 3479:United States 3471: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3443: 3439: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3423: 3421: 3416: 3415:sexual desire 3406: 3403: 3399: 3394: 3392: 3388: 3379: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3322:Communication 3319: 3316: 3315:socialization 3311: 3310: 3300: 3296: 3289: 3286: 3283: 3282: 3281: 3279: 3267: 3264: 3256: 3246: 3245:the talk page 3242: 3236: 3234: 3229:This section 3227: 3218: 3217: 3213: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3189: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3161: 3157: 3152: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3102: 3093: 3082: 3073: 3059: 3055: 3046: 3037: 3035: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3020: 3009: 3001: 2993: 2988: 2978: 2976: 2972: 2965: 2960: 2956: 2951: 2941: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2928: 2925:collections ( 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2910: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2881: 2879: 2873: 2867: 2857: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2814: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2775: 2773: 2768: 2765:The roles of 2760: 2757: 2753: 2748: 2742: 2732: 2728: 2718: 2716: 2712: 2707: 2705: 2699: 2697: 2693: 2692:Vern Bullough 2689: 2687: 2683: 2678: 2676: 2675: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2645: 2643: 2638: 2636: 2632: 2626: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2607:Anke Ehrhardt 2604: 2600: 2595: 2592: 2588: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2570: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2543: 2538: 2528: 2526: 2520: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2501: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2481: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2466: 2461: 2459: 2452: 2448: 2443: 2434: 2432: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2398: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2387: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2374: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2361: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2333:United States 2319: 2317: 2316: 2311: 2310: 2305: 2304:Judith Butler 2301: 2297: 2295: 2290: 2288: 2287:Gilbert Herdt 2284: 2279: 2275: 2273: 2272: 2267: 2264:According to 2259: 2258:cross-dressed 2255: 2251: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2227: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2216: 2211: 2207: 2205: 2200: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2165: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2150: 2149:sociocultural 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2128: 2118: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2103: 2101: 2096: 2094: 2088: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2054: 2049: 2047: 2042: 2040: 2035: 2034: 2032: 2031: 2021: 2018: 2014: 2011: 2010: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1998:Social stigma 1996: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1978: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1945: 1942: 1941: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1902: 1900: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1868: 1865: 1864: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1807: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1772: 1763: 1762: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1684: 1680: 1677: 1676: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1641: 1632: 1631: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1605:State atheism 1603: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1569: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1541:Jim Crow laws 1539: 1538: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1526:One-drop rule 1524: 1522: 1520: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1455: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1443:Blood quantum 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1430: 1421: 1420: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1384:Victimisation 1382: 1380: 1379:Trans bashing 1377: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1349:Religious war 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1329:Racialization 1327: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1297: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1279: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1211: 1208: 1207: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1200:Glass ceiling 1198: 1194: 1191: 1190: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1143:Ethnic hatred 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1078:Counter-jihad 1076: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1037: 1034: 1033: 1024: 1023: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 993: 990: 988: 985: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 945: 943: 940: 938: 935: 933: 930: 928: 925: 923: 920: 918: 915: 913: 910: 908: 905: 903: 900: 898: 895: 893: 890: 888: 885: 883: 880: 878: 875: 871: 868: 867: 866: 863: 861: 858: 856: 853: 851: 848: 844: 843:United States 841: 839: 836: 834: 831: 830: 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 816: 813: 811: 808: 806: 803: 801: 798: 796: 793: 791: 788: 786: 783: 781: 778: 776: 773: 771: 768: 766: 763: 761: 758: 756: 753: 751: 748: 746: 743: 739: 736: 734: 731: 729: 726: 725: 724: 721: 719: 716: 714: 711: 707: 706:United States 704: 702: 699: 697: 694: 693: 692: 689: 687: 684: 682: 679: 677: 674: 672: 669: 667: 664: 662: 659: 658: 652: 646: 645: 635: 632: 630: 627: 625: 622: 620: 619:Protestantism 617: 615: 612: 608: 605: 604: 603: 600: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 574: 571: 570: 569: 566: 565: 564: 561: 557: 554: 552: 549: 548: 547: 544: 542: 539: 535: 532: 530: 529:LDS or Mormon 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 515: 512: 511: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 487: 486: 480: 475: 474: 464: 461: 459: 456: 452: 449: 447: 446:Transmisogyny 444: 442: 439: 438: 437: 434: 430: 427: 425: 422: 421: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 349:Gerontophobia 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 279:Anti-intersex 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 254:Anti-albinism 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 236: 227: 226: 216: 213: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 184: 181: 179: 176: 175: 174: 171: 169: 166: 164: 161: 159: 156: 154: 151: 149: 146: 144: 141: 139: 136: 134: 131: 129: 126: 124: 121: 119: 116: 115: 106: 105: 95: 92: 90: 87: 85: 82: 80: 79:Institutional 77: 76: 67: 66: 62: 58: 57: 54: 51: 50: 46: 42: 41: 36: 34: 19: 21344:Gender roles 21311:. Retrieved 21307: 21298: 21068:Gender-blind 20955:Human rights 20783:Racial quota 20770: 20750:Jewish quota 20730:Gerontocracy 20725:Gender roles 20724: 20703:Disabilities 20688:Blood purity 20660:Wife selling 20650:White flight 20630:Slut-shaming 20610:Scapegoating 20528:Murder music 20191:Palestinians 20134:Anti-Zionism 20002:South Africa 19987:Black people 19965:South Africa 19781:Christianity 19771:Baháʼí Faith 19694:Sectarianism 19634:Heterosexism 19599:Ephebiphobia 19569:Anti-Masonry 19436:Hair texture 19316: 19303: 19290: 19277: 19036:Sociobiology 18894:Neuroscience 18874:Intelligence 18868: 18420:Anthropology 18373:Color vision 18358:Multitasking 18337:Flynn effect 18332:Intelligence 18314:Folk biology 18057:Evolutionary 17920: 17895: 17839:Rhetoricians 17829:Philosophers 17721:Saudi Arabia 17517:South Africa 17378:Epistemology 17331:Anthropology 17326:Architecture 17289:Legal theory 17196:Gynocentrism 17135:War on women 17070:Pro-feminism 17025:Gender-blind 16975:Gender quota 16948:Art movement 16740:Dianic Wicca 16619:Sex-positive 16582:Postcolonial 16449:Conservative 16429:Anti-fascist 16114:Gender roles 16113: 16059:Kinsey scale 16049:Aromanticism 15925:Gray asexual 15874:Heterosexual 15799:Sworn virgin 15769:Mukhannathun 15671:Binabinaaine 15212:Male as norm 15139: 15122: 15092: 14963: 14938: 14926: 14907: 14901: 14892: 14880:. Retrieved 14865: 14836: 14832: 14826: 14814:. Retrieved 14803: 14778: 14774: 14768: 14758: 14749: 14740: 14728: 14719: 14710: 14704: 14695: 14667: 14661: 14639:(1): 32–48. 14636: 14632: 14626: 14616: 14607: 14591: 14582: 14556:. Retrieved 14549:the original 14535: 14518: 14501: 14489:. Retrieved 14475: 14455: 14448: 14428: 14421: 14394: 14390: 14383:Breedlove SM 14376: 14368: 14361:. Retrieved 14342: 14335: 14327: 14320:. Retrieved 14301: 14294: 14285: 14278:. Retrieved 14259: 14222: 14216: 14168: 14164: 14158: 14123: 14119: 14109: 14097: 14087: 14079: 14031: 14024: 14013:the original 14000: 13987: 13975:. Retrieved 13971:the original 13966: 13957: 13940: 13923: 13906: 13897: 13892: 13880:. Retrieved 13871: 13859: 13847:. Retrieved 13843:the original 13836: 13826: 13814:. Retrieved 13810:the original 13805: 13796: 13784:. Retrieved 13780: 13755:. Retrieved 13750: 13726:. 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Retrieved 11482: 11472: 11447: 11443: 11433: 11427:(1): 95–111. 11424: 11420: 11414: 11392:(1): 16–32. 11389: 11385: 11375: 11350: 11346: 11336: 11319: 11315: 11305: 11291:(2): 38–51. 11288: 11284: 11274: 11249: 11245: 11207: 11203: 11167: 11163: 11117: 11113: 11103: 11094: 11090: 11084: 11059: 11055: 11045: 11036: 11030: 11008:(1): 48–65. 11005: 11001: 10991: 10974: 10970: 10960: 10943: 10939: 10929: 10910: 10906: 10884: 10880: 10874: 10857: 10853: 10843: 10834: 10828: 10803: 10799: 10773: 10769: 10763: 10754: 10750: 10744: 10719: 10715: 10705: 10680: 10676: 10670: 10658:. Retrieved 10651:the original 10638: 10629: 10626:Vand. L. Rev 10625: 10619: 10597:(2): 65–93. 10594: 10590: 10584: 10575: 10569: 10560: 10554: 10537: 10533: 10527: 10502: 10498: 10492: 10476:(4): 75–99. 10473: 10469: 10459: 10434: 10430: 10402: 10398: 10388: 10379: 10375: 10369: 10360: 10356: 10350: 10315: 10311: 10305: 10288: 10284: 10278: 10269: 10263: 10238: 10234: 10228: 10203: 10199: 10193: 10168: 10164: 10158: 10146:. Retrieved 10136: 10126: 10093: 10087: 10074: 10049: 10043: 10037: 9992: 9986: 9981:Spencer SJ, 9976: 9940: 9934: 9925: 9908: 9902: 9896: 9879: 9873: 9867: 9850: 9846: 9836: 9814:(1): 34–42. 9811: 9805: 9799: 9764: 9758: 9724: 9718: 9712: 9703: 9694: 9679: 9629: 9623: 9607: 9587: 9577: 9559: 9549: 9532: 9526: 9494: 9490: 9484: 9467: 9463: 9457: 9432: 9428: 9422: 9387: 9383: 9377: 9367: 9358: 9349: 9340: 9331: 9327: 9321: 9312: 9303: 9291:. 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London. 13775:Cheryl W. 13551:. Lanham: 13247:23 October 13154:(1): 2–7. 12979:Carroll SJ 12887:6 February 12094:Messner MA 11981:22 October 11708:26 October 11496:26 October 10405:(3): 504. 10393:Kalysh K, 10291:(7): 778. 9583:Gilligan C 8833:. London. 8282:(1): 1–9. 8234:5 February 8125:West J Med 7360:(2): 129. 7080:(3): 308. 6485:18 October 5961:References 5909:Dominatrix 5524:Homophobia 5445:Censorship 5192:Moe aikāne 5067:Dyke March 5050:Coming out 4991:Identities 4920:Two-spirit 4794:Asexuality 4687:See also: 4648:drag kings 4644:paraphilia 4604:includes: 4594:homosexual 4512:Tony Blair 4460:family law 4429:See also: 4308:See also: 4239:secularism 4192:Right wing 4128:Algorithms 4102:sexualized 4084:Body image 4041:March 2024 3983:March 2024 3836:See also: 3796:caregivers 3735:gymnastics 3598:subliminal 3576:inherently 3542:Heuristics 3455:See also: 3387:Julia Wood 3326:See also: 3253:April 2015 3235:to readers 3210:See also: 3034:David Buss 2985:See also: 2909:prostitute 2870:See also: 2803:Protestant 2745:See also: 2603:John Money 2490:John Money 2484:John Money 2451:Apollonian 2410:status quo 2389:Housework 2377:Profession 2254:unbreeched 2125:See also: 2121:Background 2111:oppressive 2085:variations 2081:exceptions 2077:femininity 2008:Stereotype 2003:Speciesism 1884:Oppression 1879:Oikophobia 1775:Allophilia 1751:Toleration 1600:Sodomy law 1493:Internment 1409:Witch-hunt 1287:Blackhawks 1217:Hate group 1205:Hate crime 1178:Gendercide 1168:Freak show 1158:Excellence 1118:Employment 1088:Defamation 1007:Vietnamese 1002:Venezuelan 887:Lithuanian 541:Falun Gong 463:Xenophobia 458:Vegaphobia 441:Non-binary 399:Pedophobia 364:Homophobia 178:Skin color 138:Disability 109:Attributes 84:Structural 21217:Christian 21145:Prejudice 21093:Masculism 21041:Diversity 20835:religious 20810:Redlining 20409:Ethnocide 20369:Education 20256:Ukrainian 20186:Pakistani 20176:Mongolian 20097:Australia 20079:Hungarian 20034:Colombian 20014:Bulgarian 19896:Rastafari 19845:Ahmadiyya 19753:Religious 19731:Trans men 19689:Pregnancy 19624:Gayphobia 19619:Fatphobia 19524:Acephobia 19519:Arophobia 19503:Viewpoint 18967:cognitive 18959:Affective 18844:Cognition 18798:Sexuality 18784:Pair bond 18544:Education 18201:Cognition 18119:Inclusive 18059:processes 18047:Criticism 17624:Argentina 17584:Indonesia 17574:Hong Kong 17529:Australia 17429:Seriality 17353:Geography 17279:Sociology 17232:Economics 17217:Kyriarchy 16708:Christian 16688:Religious 16629:Socialist 16419:Anarchist 16364:States of 16302:Australia 15982:Takatāpui 15957:Pansexual 15910:Ex-ex-gay 15749:Koekchuch 15729:Güevedoce 15649:and sexes 15619:Fakaleitī 15609:Trans man 15602:Akava'ine 15552:Cisgender 15542:Androgyne 15347:Academics 15278:Financial 15113:Gender in 15057:Cisgender 14795:146288256 14633:SubStance 14069:ignored ( 14059:cite book 13657:144875158 13543:Messner M 13495:Kimmel MS 13133:145576707 13098:144560550 13044:145107322 13009:143560740 12841:ignored ( 12831:cite book 12761:0094-7571 12682:145697214 12647:146385940 12627:Sex Roles 12612:1540-6237 12577:149814259 12569:2167-6968 12512:1661-7827 12418:144754474 12310:Sex Roles 12291:0269-994X 12252:1573-2762 12232:Sex Roles 12190:(Report). 12173:1573-2762 12153:Sex Roles 12004:: 73–91. 11949:204321795 11919:CiteSeerX 11876:1874-6365 11837:0016-7185 11798:0730-8884 11663:0733-4648 11584:0968-6673 11537:0022-2445 11491:0362-4331 11464:145149193 11406:147567869 11367:147567869 11224:144825977 11142:142736031 11076:220416715 11022:145378359 10820:144198198 10800:Sex Roles 10697:143583752 10611:143213609 10519:145707764 10255:143990135 10220:144504496 10185:143766494 10066:145724069 9997:CiteSeerX 9983:Steele CM 9931:Steele CM 9769:CiteSeerX 9634:CiteSeerX 9449:144924015 9392:CiteSeerX 9269:146720126 9261:1090-5138 9129:145646892 8955:144577635 8935:Sex Roles 8784:143305053 8676:149096803 8656:Sex Roles 8614:146362115 8544:146939829 8407:. London. 8352:143607687 8332:Sex Roles 8296:144978684 8067:0966-7350 7757:Routledge 7666:145689071 7646:Sex Roles 7450:0968-6673 7374:220519301 7189:818855499 7134:(1): 89. 6975:0891-2432 6712:Pate Js. 6681:1664-1078 6328:Sex Roles 6293:Sex Roles 6203:3 January 6162:3 January 6048:1932-6203 5999:0038-4941 5586:Trans men 5571:Sexualism 5561:Migration 5509:Gayphobia 5413:Arophobia 5408:Acephobia 5247:Parenting 5187:Takatāpui 5145:Queer art 5055:Community 4967:Movements 4900:Trans man 4632:androgyne 4506:, MP and 4476:education 4464:parenting 4227:Left wing 3716:In sports 3645:masculine 3564:nurturant 3398:masculine 3121:; a male 2962:Image of 2834:Theotokos 2791:patriarch 2615:androgens 2574:evolution 2364:Education 2335:in 1955, 2193:Androgyny 2093:ethnicity 1981:Christian 1909:Prejudice 1857:Masculism 1805:Diversity 1583:religious 1558:Redlining 1153:Ethnocide 1113:Education 992:Ukrainian 922:Pakistani 912:Mongolian 833:Australia 815:Hungarian 770:Colombian 750:Bulgarian 624:Rastafari 573:Ahmadiyya 479:Religious 451:Trans men 409:Pregnancy 344:Gayphobia 339:Fatphobia 244:Acephobia 239:Arophobia 215:Viewpoint 35:(journal) 33:Sex Roles 21274:Category 21256:The talk 21192:Snobbery 21110:Net bias 20940:Feminism 20867:Ugly law 20708:Catholic 20676:policies 20523:Mortgage 20518:Lynching 20449:examples 20444:Genocide 20364:Economic 20349:Democide 20309:Bullying 20221:Scottish 20216:Romanian 20181:Nigerian 20124:Japanese 20059:Georgian 20044:Filipino 19977:Assyrian 19950:Armenian 19940:American 19935:Albanian 19917:National 19901:Yazidism 19818:Hinduism 19776:Buddhism 19674:Nepotism 19669:Misogyny 19664:Misandry 19589:Clannism 19584:Biphobia 19529:Adultism 19446:Language 19236:Memetics 18996:Ethology 18954:genetics 18789:Physical 18754:Jealousy 18709:Activity 18515:maternal 18471:Religion 18459:Morality 18437:Language 18318:taxonomy 18131:Mismatch 18077:Cheating 18072:Altruism 17940:Category 17874:American 17746:Thailand 17701:Pakistan 17671:Malaysia 17654:Paraguay 17644:Honduras 17492:Ethiopia 17358:Pedagogy 17284:Rhetoric 17274:Sexology 17267:Womanist 17262:Thealogy 17257:Theology 17055:Misogyny 16923:Femicide 16908:Equality 16857:Concepts 16772:Orthodox 16735:Neopagan 16723:Womanist 16703:Buddhist 16671:Africana 16666:Womanism 16562:Maternal 16552:Lipstick 16518:Activism 16488:Equality 16454:Cultural 16439:Carceral 16374:Virginia 16354:Timeline 16297:Timeline 16234:timeline 16219:Timeline 16196:Feminism 16119:Intersex 16097:See also 16084:Sapphism 15869:Bisexual 15829:X-gender 15804:Travesti 15779:Nádleehi 15692:Chibados 15624:Mak nyah 15438:Feminism 15393:Religion 15368:Journals 15340:Academia 15170:Pronouns 15155:Language 15124:Binnen-I 15115:language 15045:Identity 15010:Overview 14763:Pandora. 14568:cite web 14485:Archived 14413:27113562 14241:15173519 14193:37966088 14185:23153024 14150:22021310 14089:Wikinews 14051:10360017 13876:Archived 13751:BBC News 13545:(2000). 13533:10 March 13489:(2005). 12993:: 1–20. 12981:(2009). 12769:29766113 12530:37239498 12521:10218532 12383:40904909 12375:23484346 12340:27688526 12131:Archived 12127:52253024 12080:19549876 12018:24141205 11941:12088131 11894:36569186 11817:Geoforum 11735:Archived 11679:20984380 11671:24652908 11621:Archived 11266:53321725 11039:: 43–56. 10451:20350016 10395:Kulik CT 10342:54219902 10118:29170275 10110:29781373 10027:Archived 10019:12556019 9791:21410915 9668:Archived 9664:17057403 9656:12051578 9613:Fiske ST 9585:(2009). 9569:31499943 9557:(1929). 9414:13336463 9141:Hofstede 9016:30292858 9008:22955955 8887:ABC News 8835:Archived 8423:BBC News 8183:Archived 8155:11069879 8026:30 March 8005:234–245. 7990:23 March 7981:Archived 7822:Fortin N 7808:28961059 7586:cite web 7334:30 March 7236:13260820 7148:17561016 7107:: 1–16. 7018:Archived 7014:ieet.org 6827:12206191 6699:36874846 6495:cite web 6348:56032975 6313:55706950 6066:26800454 6018:PLOS ONE 5944:Misogyny 5939:Misandry 5848:See also 5750:hormonal 5688:Travesti 5598:Violence 5487:Bisexual 5450:Closeted 5440:Bullying 5435:Biphobia 5237:Marriage 5217:Adoption 5045:Business 5020:Intersex 4950:Timeline 4858:Intersex 4756:Bisexual 4706:a series 4704:Part of 4669:and the 4636:bigender 4598:bisexual 4487:backlash 4343:Suburbia 4304:Feminism 4243:feminism 4202:. These 4117:cosmetic 4106:hashtags 3481:. 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19874:Judaism 19860:Sunnism 19850:Shi'ism 19761:Atheism 19594:Elitism 19493:Species 19431:Genetic 19421:Dialect 19137:Species 18909:Suicide 18744:Fantasy 18724:Arousal 18506:Bonding 18395:Culture 18219:Display 18206:Emotion 18114:Fitness 18003:History 17886:Parties 17761:Ukraine 17756:Vietnam 17666:Lebanon 17564:Germany 17554:Finland 17549:Denmark 17524:Albania 17512:Senegal 17507:Nigeria 17422:Therapy 17405:Science 17316:Biology 16833:Mizrahi 16801:Chicana 16762:Islamic 16698:Atheist 16634:Marxist 16604:Radical 16540:Liberal 16535:Lesbian 16513:Hip hop 16493:Eugenic 16434:Atheist 16407:General 16379:Wyoming 16212:General 16204:History 15947:Lesbian 15942:Khanith 15920:Gay men 15864:Asexual 15794:Sipiniq 15754:Lhamana 15739:Kathoey 15686:Calalai 15683:Calabai 15629:Rae-rae 15514:Genders 15285:General 15237:General 15145:English 14653:3684953 14491:13 June 14141:3483939 13977:18 June 13806:Reuters 13487:Flood M 13216:8756271 13168:2264228 12965:3088412 12930:2111526 12906:Huddy L 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