151:. Long, however, was reluctant to risk a fight with his entrenched bureau chiefs, hesitant about allowing the professional officers wide powers outside civilian control, and rightly dubious whether Congress could be brought to approve the scheme. Consequently he compromised, and in March 1900 created a Board, known as the General Board, which possessed no executive functions, but was to serve as a purely advisory council which was constitutionally confined to considering such problems of strategy as the
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200:"The role that the General Board of the Navy played was the critical organizational dynamic in linking the treaty system and innovation in the fleet. Particularly astonishing, given the hierarchical nature of the U.S. Navy, was the General Board's tolerant and consensus-driven process which led to an environment highly favorable to creativity and innovation."
216:(OpNav). "The creation of the office of Chief of Naval Operations in 1915 reduced some of the importance of the board, but even until the beginning of World War II some of the most senior admirals on the active list and some very experienced retired admirals were assigned to the General Board. ... During the latter years of its life – particularly since
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The
General Board was composed of senior admirals, most near the end of their careers, who could be relied upon to "deliberate selflessly and objectively on matters ranging from strategy to ship characteristics". "These senior officers, some in the twilight of their careers, without line
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had underlined the need for adequate staff work and the success of the War Board had pointed the way for the future. Among the most persistent advocates of a general staff for the Navy was
Captain
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190:"Originally consisting of nine officers, the membership of the board was changed frequently – in 1902 to 10; in 1904 to 14; in 1905 to seven; and in 1909 back to nine."
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basis, not only brought considerable expertise to bear, they also had the time to devote to problem solving without the press of day-to-day decision making."
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within OpNav, leaving the board with long range policy and strategy functions only; this change was made due to the board having been seen as ineffective in
187:. The general board was a watered-down version of the naval general staff proposed by a line officer, Captain Henry C. Taylor, in February 1900."
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chaired the board from its inception until 1917, although a stroke in 1914 limited his abilities in the last three years of his tenure.
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288:. Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Fifth Series, Vol. 11, (1961), pp. 1–21. Published by: Royal Historical Society
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America's First
General Staff: A Short History of the Rise and Fall of the General Board of the Navy, 1900–1950
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Waiting for Dead Men's Shoes: Origins and
Development of the U.S. Navy's Officer Personnel System, 1793–1941
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228:– the General Board was put to less and less use." In 1945 the board's role as the coordinator between
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and somewhat not. The
General Board was established by general order 544, issued on March 13, 1900 by
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The
Influence of Naval Arms Limitation on U.S. Naval Innovation During the Interwar Period 1921–1937
127:. The order was officially recognized by Congress in 1916. The General Board was disbanded in 1951.
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members, senior officers holding specifics posts, who attended monthly board meetings. ... the
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In its beginning years, the
General Board of the United States Navy was effectively a naval
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The
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272:. The American Political Science Review, Vol. 11, No. 1 (Feb., 1917), pp. 59-75
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US Military
Dictionary: The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military
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in May 1897; now in 1900 he brought the idea once more to the attention of
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364:"Military Policy Without Political Guidance: Theodore Roosevelt's Navy"
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The board was headed by a chairman (also known as its president).
212:, but started to lose its influence with the creation of the
101:; Captain Leon J. Huffman; Commander J. M. Lee; Captain
385:. Doctoral Dissertation, Kansas State University, 2007. p. 2
183:, the director of naval intelligence, and the chief of the
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Technological Change and the United States Navy, 1865–1945
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Guadalcanal: The
Definitive Account of the Landmark Battle
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Diplomacy and War Plans in the United States, 1890–1917
19:"General Board" redirects here. For other uses, see
143:. He had first laid plans for such a staff before
247:in April 1951 and abolished the following month.
232:of 'ship characteristics' was transferred to the
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238:a series of earlier Navy bureau miscoordinations
478:U.S. Battleships: An Illustrated Design History
451:U.S. Destroyers: An Illustrated Design History
52:. Consider transferring direct quotations to
397:. 2001, 2002, Oxford University Press, Inc.
164:responsibilities, and other members on an
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