151:
81:
357:. Tens of thousands of Jewish refugees had arrived from central and western Poland in the fall of 1939, but many of them were deported to the Soviet interior before June 1941. A further unknown figure is the number of Jews who were evacuated or fled in time or were recruited into the Red Army. As an example, of the 70,998 Jews registered in Minsk in 1939, it is estimated that about 55,000 remained when the Germans
372:
to be conducted, especially in
Baranowicze, where about 10,000 Jews remained. The escape of up to 20,000 Jews from the ghettos to the partisans forced the Germans to accelerate the liquidations of ghettos. By the spring of 1943, ghettos remained only in a few locations, including Minsk, Lida, Nowogródek, and Głębokie. In October 1943, the
371:
immediately began the systematic murder of Jews. Following a massive wave of killings between mid-May and the end of July 1942, the
Generalkommissar reported that in the 10 weeks, 55,000 Jews had been liquidated. Only in the districts of Baranowitsche and Hansewitschi were such large operations still
172:(areas). According to different sources, it had from as few as 9 to as many as 39 such subdivisions, some of them planned but never transitioned from military to civilian administration. These were to be subordinated to four or five
457:Ämter, Abkürzungen, Aktionen des NS-Staates: Handbuch für die Benutzung von Quellen der nationalsozialistischen Zeit. Amtsbezeichnungen, Ränge und Verwaltungsgliederungen, Abkürzungen und nichtmilitärische Tarnbezeichnungen
649:
Michael D. Miller: Leaders of the SS & German Police. Volume 1 Reichsführer SS – Gruppenführer (Georg Ahrens to Karl
Gutenberger), R. James Bender Publishing, 2006, pp. 456-457,
392:
and, on 3 July, Minsk fell. On 1 August, administration of those parts of
Byelorussia still under German occupation reverted to military administration under Army Group Centre and
683:
413:
688:
139:
376:, the largest ghetto in the Nazi-occupied Soviet Union, was the last in GkWR to be liquidated, and nearly all of its nearly 100,000 detainees perished.
361:
on 28 June 1941. By 1944, it is estimated that roughly 800,000 Byelorussian Jews, or about 90% of the Jewish population of
Byelorussia, were murdered.
109:
581:
The United States
Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933-1945, Volume II: Ghettos in German-Occupied Eastern Europe
482:
17:
693:
353:
Precise demographic data on the Jewish population of GkWR in August 1941 is not available, but it is likely there were over 300,000
105:
654:
507:
465:
260:
until 1 April 1943. At that point, jurisdiction was transferred to the HSSPF "Russland Mitte" (Central Russia) headed by SS-
322:
500:
Gauleiter: The
Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies, 1925–1945, Volume 2 (Georg Joel - Dr. Bernhard Rust)
285:(17 July 1941 – 22 September 1943). On 22 September 1943, Kube was assassinated by a bomb placed in his house by a Soviet
678:
634:
455:
596:
532:
673:
101:
623:(2013). "Invisible Genocide. The Holocaust in Belarus". In John-Paul Himka; Joanna Beata Michlic (eds.).
264:
96:
was formally organized on 1 September 1941 on the territory of German-occupied
Beyelorussia, (including
53:
454:
Boberach, Heinz; Thommes, Rolf; Weiß, Hermann; Röder, Werner; Weisz, Christoph (14 February 2012).
418:
348:
248:
624:
150:
358:
290:
226:
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8:
286:
80:
331:
626:
Bringing the Dark Past to Light: The
Reception of the Holocaust in Postcommunist Europe
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Allgemeine-SS : the commands, units, and leaders of the
General SS
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Territorial changes in Germany and German administered areas, 1874-1945
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397:
114:
112:) which had until then been under the military administration of the
70:
385:
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487:(in German). Zentralverlag der NSDAP Frz. Eher nachf. p. 33.
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185:
84:
Map of Generalbezirk Weißruthenien with administrative divisions.
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225:. In addition, police and security matters were overseen by an
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238:, and who reported to the Higher SS and Police Leader (HSSPF)
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effectively ceased to exist. Gottberg was transferred to the
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127:
577:"Weissruthenien Region (Generalkommissariat Weissruthenien)"
354:
222:
57:, the 1941–1945 civilian occupation regime established by
329:
Curt von Gottberg (21 July 1942 – 22 September 1943); SS-
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eastern territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union
453:
364:
Following the German invasion, the Nazi death squads of
297:
Curt von Gottberg (22 September 1943 – 1 August 1944).
61:
for the administration of the three Baltic countries (
51:) was one of the four administrative subdivisions of
527:. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub. pp. 23, 44, 48–51.
414:
German occupation of Byelorussia during World War II
553:
140:
Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories
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629:. University of Nebraska Press. pp. 60–62.
583:. Indiana University Press. pp. 1159–1312.
480:
199:
684:States and territories disestablished in 1944
208:(General Commissioner) directly appointed by
88:
547:
498:Miller, Michael D.; Schulz, Andreas (2017).
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460:(in German). Walter de Gruyter. p. 84.
502:. R. James Bender Publishing. p. 249.
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36:
27:Nazi occupation regime in Belarus 1941-1944
689:States and territories established in 1941
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138:and was subordinated directly to the
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338:(22 September 1943 – 1 April 1944).
316:(14 August 1941 – 22 May 1942); SS-
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484:Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte
204:Civil administration was led by a
25:
705:
694:World War II occupied territories
575:Browning, Christopher R. (2012).
158:(in shades of brown) within the
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307:(21 July – 14 August 1941); SS-
46:General District White Ruthenia
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251:until 1 November 1941, and SS-
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176:(main areas) headquartered in
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229:(SSPF) directly appointed by
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325:(22 May – 21 July 1942); SS-
18:Generalbezirk Weissruthenien
7:
438:Generalbezirk Weißruthenien
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394:Generalbezirk Weißruthenien
267:until 21 June 1944, and SS-
265:Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
200:Civil and police leadership
166:Generalbezirk Weißruthenien
156:Generalbezirk Weißruthenien
132:Generalbezirk Weißruthenien
124:Generalbezirk Weißruthenien
94:Generalbezirk Weißruthenien
32:Generalbezirk Weißruthenien
10:
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679:Reichskommissariat Ostland
346:
289:. He was succeeded by the
160:Reichskommissariat Ostland
136:Reichskommissariat Ostland
89:Organization and structure
54:Reichskommissariat Ostland
481:Alfred Rosenberg (1942).
300:SS and Police Leader: SS-
240:Ostland und Russland-Nord
548:Miller & Schulz 2017
523:Yerger, Mark C. (1997).
419:The Holocaust in Belarus
349:The Holocaust in Belarus
274:from that date forward.
146:Administrative divisions
674:Belarus in World War II
589:10.2307/j.ctt2050wk1.22
400:to become commander of
444:Retrieved 26 May 2022.
162:
85:
384:On 29 June 1944, the
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83:
550:, pp. 140, 148.
291:SS and Police Leader
249:Hans-Adolf Prützmann
227:SS and Police Leader
168:was subdivided into
221:, headquartered in
130:. On 1 April 1944,
621:Per Anders Rudling
163:
134:was detached from
106:Nowogródek regions
86:
655:978-9-329-70037-2
509:978-1-932-97032-6
467:978-3-11-095167-7
305:Jakob Sporrenberg
272:Curt von Gottberg
262:Obergruppenführer
258:Friedrich Jeckeln
254:Obergruppenführer
122:. The capital of
120:Army Group Centre
16:(Redirected from
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332:Standartenführer
279:Generalkommissar
236:Heinrich Himmler
206:Generalkommissar
75:Byelorussian SSR
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232:Reichsführer-SS
215:Reichskommissar
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388:launched the
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367:Einsatzgruppe
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310:Brigadeführer
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302:Gruppenführer
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374:Minsk ghetto
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323:Karl Schäfer
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283:Wilhelm Kube
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242:in Riga, SS-
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210:Adolf Hitler
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174:Hauptgebiete
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98:West Belarus
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59:Nazi Germany
52:
31:
30:
29:
560:Yerger 1997
380:Dissolution
314:Carl Zenner
668:Categories
425:References
319:Oberführer
398:Waffen-SS
343:Holocaust
115:Wehrmacht
71:Lithuania
408:See also
386:Red Army
287:partisan
194:Smolensk
359:invaded
190:Witebsk
186:Mogilew
170:Gebiete
154:Map of
108:of the
63:Estonia
40:
653:
633:
605:
595:
531:
506:
464:
67:Latvia
603:JSTOR
293:, SS-
182:Minsk
128:Minsk
102:Wilno
651:ISBN
631:ISBN
593:ISBN
529:ISBN
504:ISBN
462:ISBN
355:Jews
223:Riga
126:was
104:and
69:and
37:lit.
585:doi
440:in
670::
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567:^
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117:'s
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369:B
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