189:
245:
149:
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30:
4352:
1672:
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1623:
The
Advanced CANDU Reactor is a hybrid CANDU design that retains the heavy water moderator but replaces the heavy water coolant with conventional light water coolant, significantly reducing heavy water costs compared to traditional CANDU designs but losing the characteristic CANDU capability of using
330:
consultant) are concerned about what they perceive as weaknesses in the steel containment vessel and the concrete shield building around the AP1000 in that its containment vessel does not have sufficient safety margins in the event of a direct airplane strike. Other engineers do not agree with these
180:
suggesting that Gen III+ designs should solve three key problems: safety, cost and buildability. Construction costs of US$ 1,000/kW were forecast, a level that would make nuclear competitive with gas, and construction times of four years or less were expected. However, these estimates proved
168:
Gen III+ reactor designs are an evolutionary development of Gen III reactors, offering improvements in safety over Gen III reactor designs. Manufacturers began development of Gen III+ systems in the 1990s by building on the operating experience of the
American, Japanese, and Western European
184:
A notable improvement of Gen III+ systems over second-generation designs is the incorporation in some designs of passive safety features that do not require active controls or operator intervention but instead rely on gravity or natural convection to mitigate the impact of abnormal events.
878:
The
Advanced Fuel CANDU Reactor is a modified EC6 design that has been optimized for extreme fuel flexibility with the ability to handle numerous potential reprocessed fuel blends and even thorium. It is currently undergoing late-stage development as part of a joint venture between
544:
In part a merger of the
Chinese ACPR-1000 and ACP-1000 designs, but ultimately an incrementally developed improvement on the prior CNP-1000 and CP-1000 designs. It was initially intended to be named the "ACC-1000", but was ultimately named as the "Hualong One" or "HPR-1000".
203:
in 2011. Generation III+ designs, passive safety, also known as passive cooling, requires no sustained operator action or electronic feedback to shut down the plant safely in the event of an emergency. Many of the
Generation III+ nuclear reactors have a
349:
There have also been issues in fabricating the precision parts necessary to maintain safe operation of these reactors, with cost overruns, broken parts, and extremely fine steel tolerances causing issues with new reactors under construction in
1065:
The first
Chinese co-developed and upsized "native" version/derivative of the AP1000. Westinghouse's co-development agreement gives China the IP rights for all co-developed plants >1350 MWe. First two units currently under construction at
89:. Due to the prolonged period of stagnation in the construction of new reactors and the continued (albeit declining) popularity of Generation II/II+ designs in new construction, relatively few third generation reactors have been built.
1274:
The VVER-1300 design is also known as the AES-2010 design, and is sometimes mistakenly designated as the VVER-TOI design. The VVER-1300/510 is based on the VVER-1200/392M that was originally used as the reference design for the
108:
The improvements in reactor technology in third generation reactors are intended to result in a longer operational life (designed for 60 years of operation, extendable to 100+ years of operation prior to complete overhaul and
745:
was suspended in 2013. The original APWR and the updated US-APWR/EU-APWR (also known as the APWR+) differ significantly in their design characteristics, with the APWR+ having higher efficiency and electrical output.
135:
more efficiently than older
Generation II reactors, using approximately 17% less per unit of electricity generated than these older reactor technologies. An independent analysis conducted by environmental scientist
101:(LWRs). Gen III+ reactors are labeled as "evolutionary designs". Though the distinction between Gen II and III reactors is arbitrary, few Gen III reactors have reached the commercial stage as of 2022. The
113:
replacement) compared with currently used
Generation II reactors (designed for 40 years of operation, extendable to 60+ years of operation prior to complete overhaul and pressure vessel replacement).
346:
as the only new reactor design under consideration in the United States that "...appears to have the potential to be significantly safer and more secure against attack than today's reactors."
3127:
270:
Several other
Generation III+ reactors are under late-stage construction in Europe, China, India, and the United States. The next Generation III+ reactors to come online were an
3713:
1474:. Eschews the use of recirculation pumps entirely in favor of a design completely reliant on natural circulation (which is very unusual for a boiling water reactor design).
2073:
859:
The EC6 (Enhanced CANDU 6) is an evolutionary upgrade of previous CANDU designs. Like other CANDU designs, it is capable of using unenriched natural uranium as fuel.
3907:
304:
Proponents of nuclear power and some who have historically been critical have acknowledged that third generation reactors as a whole are safer than older reactors.
2466:
1768:
296:(NRC). As of August 2020, the commission has approved seven new designs, and is considering one more design as well as renewal of an expired certification.
128:(ESBWR) per 100 million reactor-years are significantly lower than the 1,000 core damage events per 100 million reactor-years for BWR/4 Generation II reactors.
3315:
2046:
1715:
2842:
1905:
3137:
1326:
Successor of indigenous 540MWe PHWR with increased output and additional safety features. Under construction and due to come online in 2020. Unit 3 at
2502:
2284:
4018:
4163:
2190:
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will fall into a core catcher which holds the molten material and has the ability to cool it. This, in turn protects the final barrier, the
3144:
2575:
2208:
2910:
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1040:
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calls Gen IV reactors "revolutionary designs". These are concepts for which no concrete prognoses for realization existed at the time.
3413:
1452:
125:
3652:
1471:
1070:. The CAP1400 is planned to be followed by a CAP1700 and/or a CAP2100 design if the cooling systems can be scaled up by far enough.
17:
3863:
3703:
3642:
2317:
1743:
3783:
2349:
85:(ABWRs) in 1996 and 1997. From 2012, both have been shut down due to a less permissive political environment in the wake of the
3608:
1248:
Standardized version of the VVER-1200 based in part on the VVER-1300/510 design (which is the current reference design for the
443:
79:
72:
1880:
1287:). Multiple units are currently planned for construction at several Russian nuclear plants. First units under construction at
2837:
2084:
4402:
3659:
2374:
2539:
549:
Units 3–6 will be the first to utilize the HPR-1000 design, with Units 3 & 4 currently under construction as of 2017.
97:
The older Gen II reactors comprise the vast majority of current nuclear reactors. Gen III reactors are so-called advanced
4380:
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3122:
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264:
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229:
926:
nuclear power reactor. Fixes all of the RBMK reactor's design errors and flaws and adds a full containment building and
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3858:
884:
524:
200:
2938:
2817:
1824:
1431:
742:
546:
520:
488:
102:
4168:
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is also known as the AES-2006/MIR-1200 design. This particular model was the original reference model used for the
455:
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1814:
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1403:
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features such as a passive core cooling system. The physical prototype of the MKER-1000 is the 5th unit of the
683:
623:
421:
256:
82:
34:
1960:
1930:
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3132:
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1159:
1044:
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998:
751:
447:
339:
311:
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on the greater efficiency and therefore lower material needs of Gen III reactors, corroborates this finding.
120:
for these reactors are designed to be lower than for
Generation II reactors – 60 core damage events for the
4218:
3955:
3664:
3418:
2915:
2194:
1416:
1027:
343:
286:
228:, describing it as "a unique protection system". In 2017, Rosatom has started commercial operations of the
121:
1279:
project, although the VVER-1300/510 now serves that role (which has led to confusion between the VVER-TOI
4368:
4281:
4253:
4210:
4175:
4013:
3840:
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738:
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599:
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278:
225:
1816:
3 R's of Nuclear Power: Reading, Recycling, and Reprocessing: ...Making a Better Tomorrow for Little Joe
4202:
4061:
3740:
3258:
3215:
3067:
1186:
827:
86:
71:), and standardized designs intended to reduce maintenance and capital costs. They are promoted by the
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4038:
3647:
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2547:
2212:
1840:
1677:
1639:
1562:
1489:
1330:
achieved first criticality on 22 July 2020. The Unit 3 was connected to the grid on 10 January 2021.
1288:
1012:
931:
723:
465:
199:
Generation III+ reactors incorporate extra safety features to avoid the kind of disaster suffered at
1854:
314:, has challenged specific cost-saving design choices made for two Generation III reactors, both the
188:
4286:
4128:
4028:
3940:
3149:
3035:
2995:
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1591:
480:
209:
157:
826:
This was the first AES-92 design to be developed, originally intended to be built at the proposed
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4158:
4133:
3747:
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3330:
3253:
3210:
3193:
3154:
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236:
reactor in central Russia, marking the world's first full start-up of a generation III+ reactor.
137:
110:
4116:
1769:"Advanced Nuclear Power Reactors | Generation III+ Nuclear Reactors - World Nuclear Association"
1406:
designed to meet EU guidelines, increase reactor output, and improve design generation to III+.
244:
4023:
3310:
2854:
927:
775:
68:
2013:
4317:
4053:
4008:
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3398:
3325:
3320:
3285:
3072:
3040:
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2754:
1973:
1695:
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1080:
908:
688:
428:
274:
117:
56:
4228:
4003:
3988:
3305:
3263:
3099:
3005:
2933:
2235:"Russia's Nuclear Fuel Cycle | Russian Nuclear Fuel Cycle - World Nuclear Association"
331:
concerns, and claim the containment building is more than sufficient in safety margins and
213:
1906:"Russia completes world's first Gen III+ reactor; China to start up five reactors in 2017"
8:
4327:
4138:
3923:
3517:
3385:
3363:
3188:
3045:
2812:
2774:
2607:
2467:"Bellona's experts oppose building a second nuclear power plant in Russia's Kursk Region"
1796:
177:
170:
98:
2109:
4307:
4043:
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3807:
3618:
3268:
3238:
3222:
3205:
2849:
2739:
2687:
2637:
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953:
208:. If the fuel cladding and reactor vessel systems and associated piping become molten,
64:
366:
3375:
3168:
3055:
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2968:
2925:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2602:
2000:
1820:
1599:
888:
835:
2285:"First Westinghouse AP1000 Plant Sanmen 1 Begins Synchronization to Electrical Grid"
59:
reactors, incorporating evolutionary improvements in design. These include improved
4223:
3278:
3243:
3000:
2990:
2878:
2866:
2707:
2702:
2692:
2682:
2677:
2148:
1653:
India's first light water reactor, a Gen 3+ design based on the CLWR-B1 reactor of
1443:
674:
602:(this time for Units 3 & 4, which came online in 2017 and 2018, respectively).
408:
332:
323:
161:
1533:
design. # of fuel assemblies reduced from 241 to 177, additional safety features.
4121:
4081:
3535:
3349:
3273:
3248:
3094:
2887:
2789:
2779:
2744:
2622:
2612:
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806:
712:
554:
52:
3613:
938:
whose construction is ongoing since 2018 is being built instead as of 2018.(see
4076:
4071:
4066:
3816:
3723:
3692:
3674:
3198:
3104:
3050:
3015:
2948:
2895:
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2642:
2627:
2617:
2253:"Blogging About the Unthinkable: The Future of Water-Cooled Graphite Reactors?"
1570:
1104:
4096:
2153:
2136:
1590:
Essentially a scaled-down VVER-1200. Commercial deployment planned by 2030 at
1430:
Previously known as the SWR-1000. Based on German BWR designs, mainly that of
4396:
4261:
3552:
2958:
2799:
2527:
864:
840:
2137:"HPR1000: Advanced Pressurized Water Reactor with Active and Passive Safety"
148:
3827:
2963:
2905:
2832:
2784:
2654:
2536:
327:
205:
153:
60:
2350:"First VVER-1200 reactor enters commercial operation - World Nuclear News"
2266:
4238:
3885:
3475:
2982:
2953:
2484:
880:
795:
529:
307:
224:
reactor as the first large piece of equipment in the reactor building of
1974:"Design Certification Applications for New Reactors, update August 2020"
1484:
3591:
1991:
Adam Piore (June 2011). "Nuclear energy: Planning for the Black Swan".
1219:
1222:
is under construction. The two units of VVER- 1200/523 generating 2.4
255:
The first Generation III reactors were built in Japan, in the form of
195:
Unit 3 and 4 under construction. India's first Generation III+ reactor
164:. Some Generation III reactors include a core catcher in their design.
4233:
3596:
3586:
2714:
2667:
2632:
2553:
1301:
780:
493:
267:
in Russia, which was the first operational Generation III+ reactor.
260:
221:
4091:
1943:
954:
Generation III+ reactors currently operational or under construction
41:
Class of nuclear reactors with improved safety over its predecessors
4322:
3965:
3960:
3900:
3569:
3497:
3480:
3465:
3440:
3183:
2672:
2335:
1634:
1604:
1530:
1526:
1503:
1466:
Based on the unreleased SBWR design which in turn was based on the
1336:
1276:
1249:
1135:
935:
798:
508:
460:
367:
Generation III reactors currently operational or under construction
37:, which became the first operational Generation III reactor in 1996
2336:"В России запустили не имеющий аналогов в мире атомный энергоблок"
2318:"China's Taishan 1 reactor connected to grid - World Nuclear News"
1944:"В России запустили не имеющий аналогов в мире атомный энергоблок"
1718:
Technology Roadmap Update for Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems
632:
4291:
4243:
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3485:
3460:
2900:
2731:
2719:
2697:
2662:
1447:
1378:
1049:
1002:
678:
598:
Another version of the AES-91 design, also designed and used for
416:
412:
217:
132:
29:
1506:
successor with increased output and additional safety features.
322:. Lyman, John Ma (a senior structural engineer at the NRC), and
3895:
3890:
3870:
3850:
3835:
3718:
3455:
3435:
3403:
1007:
315:
282:
2403:. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). 24 September 2020
1189:, as Akkuyu 1 & 2. Grid connections due 2023 & 2024.
770:
NRC certified in 1999. Evolved into the larger AP1000 design.
4312:
4269:
3932:
3788:
3581:
3445:
1547:
1538:
1411:
1075:
756:
741:
cancelled in 2011. US NRC licensing for two units planned at
319:
271:
702:
Improved version of the ABWR. Uncertain development status.
263:/392M reactor became operational (first grid connection) at
3793:
3682:
3492:
3450:
2531:
1609:
1575:
1435:
1257:
1231:
1194:
1168:
1143:
1109:
939:
923:
903:
897:
811:
607:
583:
559:
292:
In the United States, reactor designs are certified by the
251:
with the first Generation III+ nuclear reactor in the world
233:
934:. The construction of Kursk 5 was cancelled in 2012 and a
574:
First version of the AES-91 design, designed and used for
131:
The third generation EPR reactor was also designed to use
78:
The first Generation III reactors to begin operation were
3766:
3630:
1223:
1212:
281:(first grid connection on 2018-06-29) and a Westinghouse
2503:"Unit 3 of Kakrapar nuclear plant synchronised to grid"
2135:
Xing, Ji; Song, Daiyong; Wu, Yuxiang (1 March 2016).
1667:
948:
2485:"На Курской АЭС-2 началось сооружение новых блоков"
2171:. Nuclear Engineering International. 11 August 2015
361:
67:, significantly enhanced safety systems (including
3316:Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future
1881:"Core catcher installation under way at Rooppur 1"
2110:"Flaw found in French nuclear reactor - BBC News"
4394:
2128:
1337:Generation III+ designs not adopted or built yet
1226:are planned to be operational in 2024 and 2025.
794:NRC certified in 1997. Provided a basis for the
289:(first grid connection on 2018-06-30) in China.
633:Generation III designs not adopted or built yet
2047:"Sunday Dialogue: Nuclear Energy, Pro and Con"
2031:Critics Challenge Safety of New Reactor Design
1744:"New material promises 120-year reactor lives"
622:First constructed AES-92 design, used for the
4019:Small sealed transportable autonomous (SSTAR)
2569:
2161:
578:Units 1 & 2, which came online in 2007.
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2039:
1797:"Next-generation nuclear energy: The ESBWR"
511:. The first reactor came online in 2018 at
2576:
2562:
2134:
1990:
1791:
1789:
220:installed a 200-tonne core catcher in the
2495:
2152:
1966:
299:
126:Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor
3931:
2057:
1812:
243:
187:
176:The nuclear industry began to promote a
147:
28:
2449:"Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant, Ishwardi"
2401:Power Reactor Information System (PRIS)
2375:"Leningrad II-1 starts pilot operation"
1786:
124:(EPR) and 3 core damage events for the
14:
4395:
3946:Liquid-fluoride thorium reactor (LFTR)
2583:
2025:
2023:
259:. On 5 August 2016, a Generation III+
4188:
3951:Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE)
3360:
3347:
2557:
1841:"Fuel use for Gen III+ nuclear power"
1434:units B/C. Co-developed by Areva and
830:, but construction was later halted.
4375:
3348:
1984:
1624:unenriched natural uranium as fuel.
3956:Integral Molten Salt Reactor (IMSR)
2415:
2389:
2020:
1961:People's Republic of China reactors
265:Novovoronezh Nuclear Power Plant II
249:Novovoronezh Nuclear Power Plant II
24:
3765:
2916:Positron-emission tomography (PET)
2377:. World Nuclear News. 9 March 2018
2267:"Реакторная установка МКЭР - 1500"
2074:"Nuclear Power in a warming world"
1978:U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
1813:Forsythe, Jan (18 February 2009).
310:, a senior staff scientist at the
25:
4414:
2939:Neutron capture therapy of cancer
2838:Radioisotope thermoelectric (RTG)
2521:
2307:PRIS database (accessed Nov 2021)
949:Lists of Generation III+ reactors
239:
103:Generation IV International Forum
73:Generation IV International Forum
4374:
4363:
4362:
4350:
4039:Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR)
2191:"New Commercial Reactor Designs"
1670:
362:Lists of Generation III reactors
3128:Historical stockpiles and tests
2537:Advanced Nuclear Power Reactors
2528:Nuclear Reactors Knowledge Base
2477:
2459:
2441:
2367:
2342:
2328:
2310:
2298:
2277:
2259:
2245:
2227:
2201:
2183:
2102:
2083:. December 2007. Archived from
1954:
1936:
1924:
356:Flamanville Nuclear Power Plant
257:advanced boiling water reactors
143:
83:advanced boiling water reactors
4029:Energy Multiplier Module (EM2)
2911:Single-photon emission (SPECT)
1898:
1873:
1847:
1833:
1806:
1761:
1736:
1725:. January 2014. Archived from
1708:
13:
1:
4357:Nuclear technology portal
2081:Union of Concerned Scientists
1701:
1328:Kakrapar Atomic Power Station
340:Union of Concerned Scientists
312:Union of Concerned Scientists
294:Nuclear Regulatory Commission
279:Taishan Nuclear Power Station
193:Kakrapar Atomic Power Station
4219:Field-reversed configuration
3829:Uranium Naturel Graphite Gaz
2505:. Live Mint. 11 January 2021
2169:"China's progress continues"
1963:, PRIS IAEA, 21 October 2022
1933:, PRIS IAEA, 21 October 2022
1529:, cooling system similar to
287:Sanmen Nuclear Power Station
122:European Pressurized Reactor
7:
4403:Nuclear power reactor types
4176:Aircraft Reactor Experiment
3361:
3123:States with nuclear weapons
1931:Russian Federation Reactors
1663:
1216:Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant
92:
10:
4419:
4189:
4014:Liquid-metal-cooled (LMFR)
3138:Tests in the United States
2354:www.world-nuclear-news.org
2322:www.world-nuclear-news.org
1748:www.world-nuclear-news.org
828:Belene Nuclear Power Plant
87:Fukushima nuclear accident
4344:
4300:
4252:
4209:
4199:
4151:
4139:Stable Salt Reactor (SSR)
4052:
4034:Reduced-moderation (RMWR)
3999:
3982:
3922:
3849:
3841:Advanced gas-cooled (AGR)
3815:
3806:
3758:
3738:
3691:
3673:
3629:
3534:
3516:
3384:
3371:
3356:
3343:
3298:
3231:
3176:
3167:
3115:
3023:
3014:
2981:
2924:
2886:
2877:
2798:
2730:
2653:
2595:
2591:
2548:World Nuclear Association
2429:. IAEA. 24 September 2020
2154:10.1016/J.ENG.2016.01.017
1829:– via Google Books.
1678:Nuclear technology portal
1488:
1478:
1387:
1289:Kursk Nuclear Power Plant
1103:
1011:
932:Kursk Nuclear Power Plant
844:
834:
722:
553:
464:
4044:Dual fluid reactor (DFR)
3660:Steam-generating (SGHWR)
2996:Electron-beam processing
1855:"Gen III reactor design"
507:Improved version of the
342:in 2008 referred to the
4159:Organic nuclear reactor
3331:Nuclear power phase-out
3254:Nuclear decommissioning
3194:Reactor-grade plutonium
2944:Targeted alpha-particle
2823:Accidents and incidents
2542:6 February 2010 at the
1655:Arihant-class submarine
1470:. Being considered for
1402:Updated version of the
118:core damage frequencies
111:reactor pressure vessel
45:Generation III reactors
18:Generation III+ reactor
1910:Nuclear Energy Insider
1565:plant did not proceed
1283:and the VVER-1300/510
1185:Under construction in
990:First grid connection
928:Passive nuclear safety
776:Combustion Engineering
300:Response and criticism
252:
196:
165:
156:designed to catch the
69:passive nuclear safety
38:
3321:Anti-nuclear movement
2209:"New Reactor Designs"
1773:www.world-nuclear.org
1696:List of reactor types
1691:Generation IV reactor
1686:Generation II reactor
1525:Downsized version of
922:A Development of the
737:Two units planned at
247:
191:
151:
33:Model of the Toshiba
32:
4229:Reversed field pinch
4024:Traveling-wave (TWR)
3508:Supercritical (SCWR)
3006:Gemstone irradiation
1035:certified Dec 2005.
214:containment building
99:light-water reactors
55:designed to succeed
3394:Aqueous homogeneous
3189:Reprocessed uranium
2862:Safety and security
2215:on 11 December 2012
2053:. 25 February 2012.
1993:Scientific American
450:certified in 1997.
178:nuclear renaissance
171:light-water reactor
80:Kashiwazaki 6 and 7
4308:Dense plasma focus
3223:Actinide chemistry
2688:Isotope separation
2585:Nuclear technology
2197:on 2 January 2009.
1885:World Nuclear News
1843:. 26 October 2011.
253:
197:
166:
154:core catching room
65:thermal efficiency
39:
4390:
4389:
4340:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4287:Magnetized-target
4184:
4183:
4147:
4146:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3918:
3917:
3802:
3801:
3734:
3733:
3339:
3338:
3294:
3293:
3163:
3162:
3150:Weapon-free zones
2977:
2976:
2969:Radiopharmacology
2271:reactors.narod.ru
2239:world-nuclear.org
2029:Matthew L. Wald.
2008:Missing or empty
1912:. 8 February 2017
1859:Power Engineering
1661:
1660:
1600:Candu Energy Inc.
1334:
1333:
946:
945:
889:Shanghai Electric
836:Candu Energy Inc.
630:
629:
333:factors of safety
216:. As an example,
181:over-optimistic.
51:, are a class of
16:(Redirected from
4410:
4378:
4377:
4366:
4365:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4265:
4224:Levitated dipole
4194:
4186:
4185:
4134:Helium gas (GFR)
3997:
3996:
3992:
3929:
3928:
3813:
3812:
3763:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3751:
3750:
3532:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3366:
3358:
3357:
3350:Nuclear reactors
3345:
3344:
3244:High-level (HLW)
3174:
3173:
3021:
3020:
3001:Food irradiation
2991:Atomic gardening
2884:
2883:
2867:Nuclear meltdown
2693:Nuclear material
2683:Fissile material
2678:Fertile material
2593:
2592:
2578:
2571:
2564:
2555:
2554:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2453:Power Technology
2445:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2255:. 21 April 2008.
2249:
2243:
2242:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2211:. Archived from
2205:
2199:
2198:
2193:. Archived from
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2089:
2078:
2070:
2055:
2054:
2043:
2037:
2036:, 22 April 2010.
2027:
2018:
2017:
2011:
2006:
2004:
1996:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1793:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1732:on 25 June 2014.
1731:
1724:
1712:
1680:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1444:General Electric
1347:Reactor name(s)
1341:
1340:
964:Reactor name(s)
958:
957:
675:General Electric
643:Reactor name(s)
637:
636:
483:since Jan 2016.
479:In operation at
442:In operation at
409:General Electric
377:Reactor name(s)
371:
370:
324:Arnold Gundersen
53:nuclear reactors
49:Gen III reactors
21:
4418:
4417:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4386:
4351:
4349:
4332:
4296:
4263:
4248:
4205:
4195:
4190:
4180:
4143:
4048:
3993:
3986:
3985:
3970:
3914:
3845:
3820:
3798:
3770:
3752:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3730:
3696:
3687:
3669:
3634:
3625:
3539:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3512:
3426:Natural fission
3380:
3379:
3367:
3362:
3352:
3335:
3311:Nuclear weapons
3290:
3249:Low-level (LLW)
3227:
3159:
3111:
3010:
2973:
2920:
2873:
2794:
2726:
2649:
2587:
2582:
2544:Wayback Machine
2524:
2519:
2518:
2508:
2506:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2489:www.atominfo.ru
2483:
2482:
2478:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2432:
2430:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2406:
2404:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2380:
2378:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2358:
2356:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2303:
2299:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2218:
2216:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2174:
2172:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2133:
2129:
2119:
2117:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2093:
2091:
2090:on 11 June 2014
2087:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2058:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2028:
2021:
2009:
2007:
1998:
1997:
1989:
1985:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1959:
1955:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1889:
1887:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1864:
1862:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1819:. AuthorHouse.
1811:
1807:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1787:
1777:
1775:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1752:
1750:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1729:
1722:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1676:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1339:
1126:Novovoronezh II
987:
980:
973:
956:
951:
807:OKBM Afrikantov
718:
716:
714:
666:
659:
652:
635:
555:OKBM Afrikantov
423:
400:
393:
386:
369:
364:
302:
285:reactor at the
277:reactor at the
242:
146:
95:
61:fuel technology
42:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4416:
4406:
4405:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4372:
4360:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4318:Muon-catalyzed
4315:
4310:
4304:
4302:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4267:
4258:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4215:
4213:
4207:
4206:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4155:
4153:
4149:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4058:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4009:Integral (IFR)
4006:
4000:
3994:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3937:
3935:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3873:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3855:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3775:
3773:
3768:
3760:
3753:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3679:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3639:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3579:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3544:
3542:
3537:
3529:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3428:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3396:
3390:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3373:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3354:
3353:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3326:Uranium mining
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3208:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3199:Minor actinide
3196:
3191:
3180:
3178:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3125:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3097:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3027:
3025:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2930:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2896:Autoradiograph
2892:
2890:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2804:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2736:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2659:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2618:Atomic nucleus
2615:
2610:
2605:
2599:
2597:
2589:
2588:
2581:
2580:
2573:
2566:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2534:
2523:
2522:External links
2520:
2517:
2516:
2494:
2476:
2473:. 22 May 2015.
2458:
2440:
2414:
2388:
2366:
2341:
2327:
2309:
2297:
2276:
2258:
2244:
2226:
2200:
2182:
2160:
2127:
2101:
2056:
2051:New York Times
2038:
2034:New York Times
2019:
1983:
1965:
1953:
1935:
1923:
1897:
1872:
1861:. 6 April 2011
1846:
1832:
1825:
1805:
1785:
1760:
1735:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1573:
1571:OKB Gidropress
1567:
1566:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1545:
1535:
1534:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1450:
1440:
1439:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1324:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1285:reactor design
1272:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1254:
1253:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1228:
1227:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1191:
1190:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1140:
1139:
1130:The VVER-1200
1128:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1107:
1105:OKB Gidropress
1101:
1100:
1098:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1047:
1037:
1036:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1010:
1005:
995:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
978:
975:
971:
968:
965:
962:
955:
952:
950:
947:
944:
943:
920:
917:
914:
911:
906:
901:
893:
892:
876:
873:
870:
867:
861:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
843:
838:
832:
831:
824:
821:
818:
815:
809:
803:
802:
792:
789:
786:
783:
778:
772:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
754:
748:
747:
735:
732:
729:
726:
721:
710:
704:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
686:
681:
671:
670:
667:
664:
661:
657:
654:
650:
647:
644:
641:
634:
631:
628:
627:
620:
617:
614:
611:
604:
603:
596:
593:
590:
587:
580:
579:
572:
569:
566:
563:
557:
551:
550:
542:
539:
536:
533:
527:
517:
516:
505:
502:
499:
496:
491:
485:
484:
477:
474:
471:
468:
463:
458:
452:
451:
440:
437:
434:
431:
426:
419:
405:
404:
401:
398:
395:
391:
388:
384:
381:
378:
375:
368:
365:
363:
360:
301:
298:
241:
240:First reactors
238:
145:
142:
94:
91:
40:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4415:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4383:
4382:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4347:
4346:
4343:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4299:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4276:
4275:electrostatic
4273:
4272:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4255:
4251:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4198:
4193:
4187:
4177:
4174:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4150:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4054:Generation IV
4051:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4004:Breeder (FBR)
4002:
4001:
3998:
3995:
3990:
3981:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3909:
3906:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3764:
3761:
3757:
3754:
3749:
3742:
3737:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3690:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3628:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3533:
3530:
3526:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3506:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3378:
3377:
3370:
3365:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3346:
3342:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3306:Nuclear power
3304:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3287:
3286:Transmutation
3284:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3083:high-altitude
3081:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3073:Proliferation
3071:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2959:Brachytherapy
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2755:Cross section
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2579:
2574:
2572:
2567:
2565:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2504:
2498:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2472:
2468:
2462:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2402:
2398:
2392:
2376:
2370:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2337:
2331:
2323:
2319:
2313:
2306:
2301:
2286:
2280:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2254:
2248:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2170:
2164:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2116:. 9 July 2015
2115:
2111:
2105:
2086:
2082:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2035:
2032:
2026:
2024:
2015:
2002:
1994:
1987:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1962:
1957:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1932:
1927:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1842:
1836:
1828:
1826:9781438967318
1822:
1818:
1817:
1809:
1798:
1792:
1790:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1749:
1745:
1739:
1728:
1721:
1719:
1711:
1707:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1668:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1432:Gundremmingen
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1344:Developer(s)
1343:
1342:
1329:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1000:
997:
996:
992:
989:
983:
976:
969:
966:
963:
961:Developer(s)
960:
959:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
918:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
899:
896:Various (see
895:
894:
890:
886:
882:
877:
874:
871:
868:
866:
863:
862:
858:
855:
852:
849:
847:
842:
839:
837:
833:
829:
825:
822:
819:
816:
814:-1000/466(B)
813:
810:
808:
805:
804:
800:
797:
793:
790:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
773:
769:
766:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
749:
744:
743:Comanche Peak
740:
736:
733:
730:
727:
725:
720:
711:
709:
706:
705:
701:
698:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
676:
673:
672:
668:
662:
655:
648:
645:
642:
640:Developer(s)
639:
638:
625:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
605:
601:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
581:
577:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
556:
552:
548:
547:Fangchenggang
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
526:
522:
519:
518:
514:
510:
506:
503:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
482:
478:
475:
472:
469:
467:
462:
459:
457:
454:
453:
449:
445:
441:
438:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
420:
418:
414:
410:
407:
406:
402:
396:
389:
382:
379:
376:
374:Developer(s)
373:
372:
359:
357:
353:
347:
345:
341:
336:
334:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
297:
295:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
273:
268:
266:
262:
258:
250:
246:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
202:
194:
190:
186:
182:
179:
174:
172:
163:
160:in case of a
159:
155:
150:
141:
139:
134:
129:
127:
123:
119:
114:
112:
106:
104:
100:
90:
88:
84:
81:
76:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
57:Generation II
54:
50:
46:
36:
31:
27:
19:
4379:
4367:
4348:
4328:Pyroelectric
4282:Laser-driven
4062:Sodium (SFR)
3989:fast-neutron
3828:
3374:
3264:Reprocessing
3145:WMD treaties
2964:Radiosurgery
2934:Fast-neutron
2906:Scintigraphy
2509:30 September
2507:. Retrieved
2497:
2488:
2479:
2470:
2461:
2452:
2443:
2433:25 September
2431:. Retrieved
2426:
2417:
2407:25 September
2405:. Retrieved
2400:
2391:
2379:. Retrieved
2369:
2357:. Retrieved
2353:
2344:
2330:
2321:
2312:
2300:
2288:. Retrieved
2279:
2270:
2261:
2247:
2238:
2229:
2217:. Retrieved
2213:the original
2203:
2195:the original
2185:
2173:. Retrieved
2163:
2147:(1): 79–87.
2144:
2140:
2130:
2118:. Retrieved
2113:
2104:
2092:. Retrieved
2085:the original
2080:
2050:
2041:
2033:
1992:
1986:
1977:
1968:
1956:
1947:
1938:
1926:
1914:. Retrieved
1909:
1900:
1888:. Retrieved
1884:
1875:
1863:. Retrieved
1858:
1849:
1835:
1815:
1808:
1776:. Retrieved
1772:
1763:
1751:. Retrieved
1747:
1738:
1727:the original
1717:
1710:
1472:North Anna-3
1284:
1281:plant design
1280:
1160:Leningrad II
1131:
1045:Westinghouse
999:Westinghouse
752:Westinghouse
446:since 1996.
348:
337:
328:anti-nuclear
306:
303:
291:
269:
254:
206:core catcher
198:
183:
175:
167:
144:Developments
130:
115:
107:
96:
77:
48:
44:
43:
26:
4239:Stellarator
4203:confinement
4097:Superphénix
3924:Molten-salt
3876:VHTR (HTGR)
3653:HW BLWR 250
3619:R4 Marviken
3548:Pressurized
3518:Heavy water
3502:many others
3431:Pressurized
3386:Light water
3088:underground
3046:Disarmament
2954:Tomotherapy
2949:Proton-beam
2813:Power plant
2775:Temperature
2608:Engineering
2471:Bellona.org
2141:Engineering
1158:2018-03-09
1124:2016-08-05
1112:-1200/392M
1094:2018-06-29
1026:2018-06-30
881:SNC-Lavalin
586:-1000/428M
532:(HPR-1000)
530:Hualong One
444:Kashiwazaki
308:Edwin Lyman
138:Barry Brook
4264:(acoustic)
3881:PBR (PBMR)
3269:Spent fuel
3259:Repository
3239:Fuel cycle
3206:Activation
2983:Processing
2850:Propulsion
2808:by country
2740:Activation
2550:, May 2008
2423:"Akkuyu 2"
2397:"Akkuyu 1"
2175:30 October
2120:29 October
2010:|url=
1702:References
1543:Mitsubishi
1320:2021-1-10
1260:-1300/510
1252:project).
1234:-1200/513
1220:Bangladesh
1197:-1200/523
1187:Akkuyu NPP
1171:-1200/509
1146:-1200/491
1068:Shidao Bay
900:Article.)
781:System 80+
708:Mitsubishi
624:Kudankulam
610:-1000/412
562:-1000/428
4234:Spheromak
3933:Fluorides
3597:IPHWR-700
3592:IPHWR-540
3587:IPHWR-220
3376:Moderator
3056:Explosion
3031:Arms race
2818:Economics
2770:Reflector
2765:Radiation
2760:Generator
2715:Plutonium
2668:Deuterium
2633:Radiation
2603:Chemistry
2219:9 January
2094:1 October
1865:24 August
1578:-600/498
1561:Proposed
1302:IPHWR-700
1138:project.
942:article)
513:Yangjiang
494:ACPR-1000
261:VVER-1200
234:VVER-1200
226:Rooppur 1
201:Fukushima
63:, higher
4397:Category
4369:Category
4323:Polywell
4254:Inertial
4211:Magnetic
3966:TMSR-LF1
3961:TMSR-500
3941:Fuji MSR
3901:THTR-300
3741:Graphite
3604:PHWR KWU
3570:ACR-1000
3498:IPWR-900
3481:ACPR1000
3476:HPR-1000
3466:CPR-1000
3441:APR-1400
3232:Disposal
3184:Actinide
3177:Products
3036:Delivery
2879:Medicine
2708:depleted
2703:enriched
2673:Helium-3
2638:ionizing
2540:Archived
2381:10 March
2305:SANMEN-2
2114:BBC News
2001:cite web
1664:See also
1635:IPWR-900
1605:ACR-1000
1531:OPR-1000
1527:APR-1400
1512:APR-1000
1504:APR-1400
1364:(gross)
1322:Kakrapar
1277:VVER-TOI
1250:VVER-TOI
1136:VVER-TOI
981:(gross)
936:VVER-TOI
799:APR-1400
717:EU-APWR;
715:US-APWR;
660:(gross)
509:CPR-1000
461:APR-1400
394:(gross)
162:meltdown
93:Overview
4381:Commons
4292:Z-pinch
4262:Bubble
4244:Tokamak
4107:FBR-600
4087:CFR-600
4082:BN-1200
3748:coolant
3675:Organic
3560:CANDU 9
3557:CANDU 6
3525:coolant
3486:ACP1000
3461:CAP1400
3399:Boiling
3364:Fission
3211:Fission
3155:Weapons
3095:Warfare
3078:Testing
3068:History
3061:effects
3016:Weapons
2926:Therapy
2901:RadBall
2888:Imaging
2780:Thermal
2745:Capture
2732:Neutron
2720:Thorium
2698:Uranium
2663:Tritium
2643:braking
2623:Fission
2613:Physics
2596:Science
2359:10 July
1916:10 July
1448:Hitachi
1384:EU-ABWR
1379:Toshiba
1096:Taishan
1050:CAP1400
1003:Toshiba
739:Tsuruga
684:ABWR-II
679:Hitachi
600:Tianwan
576:Tianwan
424:US-ABWR
417:Hitachi
413:Toshiba
354:at the
232:Unit 1
230:NVNPP-2
218:Rosatom
133:uranium
75:(GIF).
4192:Fusion
4152:Others
4092:Phénix
4077:BN-800
4072:BN-600
4067:BN-350
3896:HTR-PM
3891:HTR-10
3871:UHTREX
3836:Magnox
3831:(UNGG)
3724:Lucens
3719:KS 150
3456:ATMEA1
3436:AP1000
3419:Kerena
3299:Debate
3051:Ethics
3041:Design
3024:Topics
2855:rocket
2833:Fusion
2828:Policy
2790:Fusion
2750:Poison
2628:Fusion
2290:2 July
1890:5 June
1823:
1778:8 June
1753:8 June
1548:ATMEA1
1417:Kerena
1373:Notes
1357:(net)
1132:series
1028:Sanmen
1008:AP1000
993:Notes
974:(net)
887:, and
796:Korean
669:Notes
653:(net)
403:Notes
387:(net)
352:France
316:AP1000
283:AP1000
210:corium
158:corium
4313:Migma
4301:Other
4270:Fusor
4169:Piqua
4164:Arbus
4122:PRISM
3864:MHR-T
3859:GTMHR
3789:EGP-6
3784:AMB-X
3759:Water
3704:HWGCR
3643:HWLWR
3582:IPHWR
3553:CANDU
3414:ESBWR
3169:Waste
3133:Tests
3116:Lists
3100:Yield
2843:MMRTG
2800:Power
2088:(PDF)
2077:(PDF)
1800:(PDF)
1730:(PDF)
1723:(PDF)
1650:2700
1620:3200
1617:1165
1614:1085
1587:1600
1563:Sinop
1558:3150
1552:1150
1539:Areva
1522:2850
1519:1050
1516:1000
1500:4290
1497:1560
1494:1505
1480:KEPCO
1463:4500
1460:1600
1457:1520
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