Presidency of George H. W. Bush

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military action. Speaking before a joint session of the Congress regarding the authorization of air and land attacks, Bush laid out four immediate objectives: "Iraq must withdraw from Kuwait completely, immediately, and without condition. Kuwait's legitimate government must be restored. The security and stability of the Persian Gulf must be assured. And American citizens abroad must be protected." He then outlined a fifth, long-term objective: "Out of these troubled times, our fifth objective – a new world order – can emerge: a new era – freer from the threat of terror, stronger in the pursuit of justice, and more secure in the quest for peace. An era in which the nations of the world, East and West, North and South, can prosper and live in harmony.... A world where the rule of law supplants the rule of the jungle. A world in which nations recognize the shared responsibility for freedom and justice. A world where the strong respect the rights of the weak." Despite the opposition of a majority of Democrats in both the House and the Senate, Congress approved the

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Are we enthralled with material things, less appreciative of the nobility of work and sacrifice? My friends, we are not the sum of our possessions. They are not the measure of our lives. In our hearts we know what matters. We cannot hope only to leave our children a bigger car, a bigger bank account. We must hope to give them a sense of what it means to be a loyal friend, a loving parent, a citizen who leaves his home, his neighborhood and town better than he found it. What do we want the men and women who work with us to say when we are no longer there? That we were more driven to succeed than anyone around us? Or that we stopped to ask if a sick child had gotten better, and stayed a moment there to trade a word of friendship?

2945:" theme to describe the power of citizens to solve community problems. In his 1989 inaugural address, President Bush said, "I have spoken of a thousand points of light, of all the community organizations that are spread like stars throughout the Nation, doing good." Four years later, in his report to the nation on The Points of Light Movement, President Bush said, "Points of Light are the soul of America. They are ordinary people who reach beyond themselves to touch the lives of those in need, bringing hope and opportunity, care and friendship. By giving so generously of themselves, these remarkable individuals show us not only what is best in our heritage but what all of us are called to become." 51: 180: 582: 144: 3236: 576: 1937: 1822: 1022: 2754:

local governments, and he did not favor dramatically raising the overall level of federal funding for education. Because of the lack of support from both liberals and conservatives, Congress did not act on his education proposals. Bush later introduced the voluntary "America 2000" program, which sought to rally business leaders and local governments around education reform. Though Bush did not pass a major educational reform package during his presidency, his ideas influenced later reform efforts, including

3443: 2680:, which cost more than $ 100 billion over multiple years. By the end of 1991, polls showed significant public discontent with Bush's handling of the economy. As the public became increasingly concerned about the economy and other domestic affairs, Bush's well-received handling of foreign affairs became less of an issue for most voters. Several congressional Republicans and economists urged Bush to respond to the recession, but the administration was unable to develop an economic plan. 3415: 3107: 1833: 780: 3284: 3429: 2064: 2177: 9494: 8830: 3387: 2771: 9504: 3374:

success is determined by winning reelection, Bush was unsuccessful because he failed to convince the American public to give him another four years in office. Generally the Bush presidency is viewed as successful in foreign affairs but a disappointment in domestic affairs. In the minds of voters, his achievements in foreign policy were not enough to overshadow the economic recession, and in 1992, the American public voted for change.

2731:(OBRA-90), enacted on October 27, 1990, dropped much of the gasoline tax increase in favor of higher income taxes on top earners. It included cuts to domestic spending, but the cuts were not as deep as those that had been proposed in the original compromise. Bush's decision to sign the bill damaged his standing with conservatives and the general public, but it also laid the groundwork for the budget surpluses of the late 1990s. 2382:. Bush was eager to maintain good relations with the PRC, which had drawn increasingly closer to the United States since the 1970s, but he was outraged by the PRC's handling of the protests. In response to the Tiananmen Square Massacre, the United States imposed economic sanctions and cut military ties. However, Bush also decided that Tiananmen should not interrupt Sino-U.S. relations. Thus he secretly sent special envoy 1913:. Noriega surrendered on January 3, and was quickly transported for trial in the United States. Twenty-three Americans died in the operation, while another 394 were wounded. Noriega was convicted and imprisoned on racketeering and drug trafficking charges in April 1992. Historian Stewart Brewer argues that the invasion "represented a new era in American foreign policy" because Bush did not justify the invasion under the 2983:(NRA) early in 1988 and had campaigned as a "pro-gun" candidate with the NRA's endorsement during the 1988 election. In March 1989, he placed a temporary ban on the import of certain semiautomatic rifles. This action cost him endorsement from the NRA in 1992. In 1995, after leaving office, Bush publicly resigned his life membership in the organization after receiving a form letter from the NRA depicting agents of the 3401: 2165: 2481:, both houses of Congress voted to grant Bush fast track authority. NAFTA was signed in December 1992, after Bush lost re-election, but President Clinton won ratification of NAFTA in 1993. NAFTA remains controversial for its impact on wages, jobs, and overall economic growth. President Donald Trump denounced NAFTA but signed a new treaty with Canada and Mexico in 2020 that made few changes. 2749:. Bush's education platform consisted mainly of offering federal support for a variety of innovations, such as open enrollment, incentive pay for outstanding teachers, and rewards for schools that improve performance with underprivileged children. Conservatives, who generally sought to shrink the role of the federal government in education, opposed the bill. Liberals opposed the proposed 3227:, the 1992 election had several unique characteristics. Voters felt that economic conditions were worse than they actually were, which harmed Bush. A rare event was a strong third-party candidate. Liberals launched a backlash against 12 years of a conservative White House. The chief factor was Clinton's uniting his party, and winning over a number of heterogeneous groups. 2976:. The bill more than doubled the number of visas given to immigrants on the basis of job skills, and advocates of the bill argued that it would help fill projected labor shortages for various jobs. Bush had opposed an earlier version of the bill that allowed for higher immigration levels, but supported the bill that Congress ultimately presented to him. 2041:, but the upheavals of the previous year had sapped his power at home and abroad. "Two-Plus-Four" talks among the U.S., the Soviet Union, France, Britain, West Germany, and East Germany began in 1990. After extensive negotiations, Gorbachev eventually agreed to allow a reunified Germany to be a part of NATO. With the signing of the 2676:, rose from $ 152.1 billion in 1989 to $ 220 billion for 1990; the $ 220 billion deficit represented a threefold increase since 1980. The chief factors pushing the federal deficit upward going in to 1991 were the weak economy, which was depressing both corporate profits and household incomes, and a bailout for the 4900: 3220:

7.8%, which was the highest it had been since 1984. Bush's re-election campaign, which could no longer rely on Lee Atwater due to Atwater's incapacity in 1990 and death in 1991, was far less effective than the 1988 Bush campaign. The president was also damaged by his alienation of many conservatives in his party.

2960:, the organization created through this merger, has approximately 250 affiliates in 22 countries and partnerships with thousands of nonprofits and companies dedicated to volunteer service around the world. In 2012, Points of Light mobilized 4 million volunteers in 30 million hours of service worth $ 635 million. 1726:. Souter had come under consideration for the Supreme Court vacancy through the efforts of Chief of Staff Sununu, a fellow native of New Hampshire. Souter was easily confirmed and served until 2009, but joined the liberal bloc of the court, disappointing Bush. In 1991, Bush nominated conservative federal judge 3334:

integration within NATO, and the creation of a broad coalition that expelled Iraqi forces from Kuwait and crippled Iraq as a disruptive force in the Middle East. None of this was preordained, and much might have gone wrong without the adept diplomacy and level-headed policy of President Bush and his aides.

3300:. By December 2008, 60% of Americans gave George H. W. Bush's presidency a positive rating. In the 2010s, Bush was fondly remembered for his willingness to compromise, which contrasted with the intensely partisan era that followed his presidency. Polls of historians and political scientists have generally 3194:

launched a third party bid, claiming that neither Republicans nor Democrats could eliminate the deficit and make government more efficient. His message appealed to voters across the political spectrum disappointed with both parties' perceived fiscal irresponsibility. Perot later bowed out of the race

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On June 29, 1990, Bush vetoed a bill that would have provided leave for workers in situations of a child's birth, adoption, or family illness. On September 22, 1992, Bush vetoed a bill that would have allowed workers to take at least 12 weeks of unpaid leave. The Senate successfully voted to override

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led the conservative opposition to the bill. Liberals also criticized the budget cuts in the compromise, and in October, the House rejected the deal, resulting in a brief government shutdown. Without the strong backing of the Republican Party, Bush was forced to agree to another compromise bill, this

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Support for Democracy and Human Rights: Bush advocated for democracy and human rights worldwide. He backed democratic transitions in Eastern Europe after the fall of the Berlin Wall and supported pro-democracy movements in countries like China and Myanmar (formerly Burma). He invaded Panama to remove

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America today is a proud, free nation, decent and civil, a place we cannot help but love. We know in our hearts, not loudly and proudly, but as a simple fact, that this country has meaning beyond what we see, and that our strength is a force for good. But have we changed as a nation even in our time?

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rallied the party's right-wing with attacks on Bush's flip-flop on taxes and his support for the Civil Rights Act of 1991. Buchanan shocked observers by finishing a strong second in the New Hampshire Republican presidential primary. Bush fended off Buchanan's challenge and won his party's nomination

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praise Bush's handling of the USSR, especially how he prodded Gorbachev in terms of releasing control over the satellites and permitting German unification—and especially a united Germany in NATO. However Bush had an exaggerated view of Gorbachev as the best leader of a new Russia, and missed the

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Richard Rose described Bush as a "guardian" president, and many other historians and political scientists have similarly described Bush as a passive, hands-off president who was "largely content with things as they were". Historian John Robert Greene notes, however, that Bush's frequent threat of a

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for private schools, were wary of the student testing designed to ensure higher educational standards, and favored higher levels of federal spending on educational programs for minorities and the economically disadvantaged. Bush believed that educational costs should primarily be borne by state and

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missiles at Israel and Saudi Arabia, but most of the missiles did little damage. On February 23, coalition forces began a ground invasion into Kuwait, evicting Iraqi forces by the end of February 27. About 300 Americans, as well as approximately 65 soldiers from other coalition nations, died during

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approved a resolution authorizing the use of force if Iraq did not withdrawal from Kuwait by January 15, 1991. Gorbachev's support, as well as China's abstention, helped ensure passage of the UN resolution. Bush convinced Britain, France, and other nations to commit soldiers to an operation against

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developed an invasion plan. For several weeks, the Bush administration considered the possibility of foregoing the use of force against Iraq, with the hope that economic sanctions and international pressure would eventually convince Hussein to withdraw from Kuwait. At Bush's insistence, in November

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Bush announced his reelection bid in early 1992; with a coalition victory in the Persian Gulf War and high approval ratings, Bush's reelection initially looked likely. Many pundits believed that Democrats were unlikely even to improve on Dukakis's 1988 showing. As a result, many leading Democrats,

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End of the Cold War: The most significant foreign policy achievement of the Bush administration was overseeing the peaceful end of the Cold War. Bush played a crucial role in managing the transition as the Soviet Union dissolved, ensuring stability and avoiding a potential conflict between the two

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Vice President Quayle enjoyed warm relations with Bush, and he served as a liaison to conservative members of Congress. However, his influence did not rival that of leading staffers and cabinet members like Baker and Sununu. Quayle was often mocked for his verbal gaffes, and opinion polls taken in

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George Herbert Walker Bush came into the presidency as one of the most qualified candidates to assume the office. He had a long career in both domestic politics and foreign affairs, knew the government bureaucracy, and had eight years of hands-on training as vice president. Still, if presidential

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was strongly opposed by Gorbachev, who feared that the Soviet Union could fall apart if he allowed Lithuania's independence. The United States had never recognized the Soviet incorporation of the Baltic states, and the crisis in Lithuania left Bush in a difficult position. Bush needed Gorbachev's

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Gulf War: Bush led an international coalition in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990. The Gulf War aimed to liberate Kuwait and protect regional stability. The operation, known as Operation Desert Storm, successfully expelled Iraqi forces from Kuwait but stopped short of removing Saddam

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In the recent history of U.S. foreign policy, there has been no president, nor any president’s team, who, when confronted with profound international change and challenges, responded with such a thoughtful and well-managed foreign policy.... a bridge over one of the great fault lines of history

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Several factors were important in Bush's defeat. The ailing economy which arose from recession may have been the main factor in Bush's loss, as 7 in 10 voters said on election day that the economy was either "not so good" or "poor". On the eve of the 1992 election, the unemployment rate stood at

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had introduced the Americans with Disabilities Act, which barred employment discrimination against qualified individuals with disabilities. The bill had passed the Senate but not the House, and it was reintroduced in 1989. Though some conservatives opposed the bill due to its costs and potential

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led some to call it a "white-collar recession". In point of fact, by late 1991 there had been more than a million blue-collar jobs lost compared to approximately 200,000 white-collar jobs lost for a 5-to-1 ratio. Even so, this was still more of a "white collar" recession by comparison than the

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to Beijing to meet with Deng, and, the economic sanctions that had been levied against China were lifted. George Washington University revealed that, through high-level secret channels on 30 June 1989, the US government conveyed to the government of the People's Republic of China that the events

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In January 1991, Bush asked Congress to approve a joint resolution authorizing a war against Iraq. Bush believed that the UN resolution had already provided him with the necessary authorization to launch a military operation against Iraq, but he wanted to show that the nation was united behind a

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accused Thomas of having sexually harassed her during his time as the chair of EEOC. Thomas won confirmation in a narrow 52–48 vote; 43 Republicans and 9 Democrats voted to confirm Thomas's nomination, while 46 Democrats and 2 Republicans voted against confirmation. Thomas became one of the most

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Despite his defeat, Bush climbed back from low election day approval ratings to leave office in 1993 with a 56% job approval rating. Bush's oldest son, George W. Bush, served as the country's 43rd president from 2001 to 2009. The Bushes were the second father and son pair to serve as president,

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What the Bush administration achieved in its four years, as Sparrow reminds us, is perhaps without parallel in any similar period of our history: the peaceful demise of the Soviet Union and the emergence of independent states from what had been its empire, the reunification of Germany and its

2014:. After the Malta summit, Bush sought cooperative relations with Gorbachev throughout the remainder of his term, believing that the Soviet leader was the key to peacefully ending the Soviet domination of Eastern Europe. In May 1990 Bush identified free elections, political pluralism, and the 1856:

Strategic Arms Reduction: Bush pursued arms control agreements with the Soviet Union to reduce the nuclear weapons arsenals of both countries. He signed the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START I) with Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, leading to substantial reductions in nuclear weapons

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in control of Iraq. Bush explained that he did not give the order to overthrow the Iraqi government because it would have "incurred incalculable human and political costs.... We would have been forced to occupy Baghdad and, in effect, rule Iraq." His decision not to press the attack remains

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cooperation in the reunification of Germany, and he feared that the collapse of the Soviet Union could leave nuclear arms in dangerous hands. Bush warned independence movements of the disorder that could come with secession from the Soviet Union; in a 1991 address that critics labeled the "

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I come before you and assume the Presidency at a moment rich with promise. We live in a peaceful, prosperous time, but we can make it better. For a new breeze is blowing, and a world refreshed by freedom seems reborn; for in man's heart, if not in fact, the day of the dictator is over. The

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In the aftermath of allied victory in the Gulf War, Bush was widely considered to be likely to win re-election, but Clinton defeated Bush. Despite his defeat, Bush left office with a 56 percent job approval rating, and he remained popular with the public until his death in 2018. In

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in international relations; Scowcroft labeled Bush as a practitioner of "enlightened realism". Greene argues that the Bush administration's handling of international issues was characterized by a "flexible response to events" influenced by Nixon's realism and Reagan's idealism.

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Multilateralism and Coalition-Building: Bush emphasized the importance of multilateralism and building international coalitions to address global challenges. This approach was evident in the Gulf War, where he garnered support from numerous nations and assembled a coalition of

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insurance for savings and loans associations. As the real estate market declined in the late 1980s, hundreds of savings and loans associations collapsed. In February 1989, Bush proposed a $ 50 billion package to rescue the saving and loans industry, the creation of the

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applied to other political figures accused of similar difficulties. Facing a Democratic Congress and a large budget deficit, Bush focused much of his attention on foreign affairs. Later, this would become a point of criticism for his presidency, with opponents such as

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which was designed to facilitate launching employment discrimination lawsuits. In vetoing the bill, Bush argued that it would lead to racial quotas in hiring. Congress failed to override the veto, but re-introduced the bill in 1991. In November 1991, Bush signed the

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stated that "if Iraq wins, no small state is safe." Bush also wanted to ensure continued access to oil, as Iraq and Kuwait collectively accounted for 20 percent of the world's oil production, and Saudi Arabia produced another 26 percent of the world's oil supply.

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and his wife remained in the US Embassy until 25 June 1990, when they were allowed by Chinese authorities to leave the embassy and board a U.S. Air Force C-135 transport plane to Britain. This resolution partly came about after confidential negotiations between

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The administration engaged in lengthy negotiations for the passage of the fiscal year 1991 budget. In January 1990, Bush submitted his budget for fiscal year 1991; the budget included cuts to defense spending and the capital gains tax. In March, Congressman

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Beginning mid-May 1991, several damaging stories about Sununu, many of them involving taxpayer funded trips on air force jets, surfaced. Bush was reluctant to dismiss Sununu until December 1991, when Sununu was forced to resign. Secretary of Transportation

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China Policy: Bush sought to improve relations with China and expand economic ties while also urging progress on human rights. He played a role in normalizing diplomatic relations with China and supported its entry into the World Trade Organization

912:. Bush also pledged that he would not raise taxes, stating: "Congress will push me to raise taxes, and I'll say no, and they'll push, and I'll say no, and they'll push again. And all I can say to them is: read my lips. No new taxes." Bush 1900:, an anti-Communist dictator of Panama who engaged in drug trafficking. In May 1989, Noriega annulled the results of a democratic presidential election. Bush objected to the annulment of the election and worried about the status of the 3203:

in U.S. history, drawing equally from both major candidates, according to exit polls. Clinton performed well in the Northeast, the Midwest, and the West Coast, while also waging the strongest Democratic campaign in the South since the

3050:. Bush described Weinberger, who was scheduled to stand trial on January 5, 1993, for criminal charges related to Iran-Contra, as a "true American patriot". In addition to Weinberger, Bush pardoned Duane R. Clarridge, Clair E. George, 2745:, had raised concern about the quality of the American educational system. Bush proposed the Educational Excellence Act of 1989, a plan to reward high-performing schools with federal grants and provide support for the establishment of 4927:, FRED (Federal Reserve Economic Data), St. Louis. This source includes a graph which shows GDP growth over time, with each quarter showing percent change from same quarter of the previous year. Vertical gray boxes show recessions. 11360: 11355: 2717:

In September 1990, Bush and Congressional Democrats announced a compromise to cut funding for mandatory and discretionary programs while also raising revenue, partly through a higher gas tax. The compromise additionally included a

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Free Trade: Bush was a strong advocate for free trade. He negotiated and signed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between the United States, Canada, and Mexico, aiming to enhance economic cooperation and remove trade

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judges the Bush administration was “morally obtuse” in the light of its “business-as-usual” attitude towards China after the massacre in Tiananmen Square and the uncritical support of Gorbachev as the Soviet Union disintegrated.

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At the elite level, a number of commentators and political experts deplored the state of American politics in 1991–1992, and reported the voters were angry. Many analysts blamed the poor quality of national election campaigns.

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As he was opposed to major defense spending cuts and had pledged to not raise taxes, the president had major difficulties in balancing the budget. Bush and congressional leaders agreed to avoid major changes to the budget for

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era is passing, its old ideas blown away like leaves from an ancient, lifeless tree. A new breeze is blowing, and a nation refreshed by freedom stands ready to push on. There is new ground to be broken, and new action to be

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1990, which began in October 1989. However, both sides knew that spending cuts or new taxes would be necessary in the following year's budget in order to avoid the draconian automatic domestic spending cuts required by the

2710:. In a statement released in late June 1990, Bush said that he would be open to a deficit reduction program which included spending cuts, incentives for economic growth, budget process reform, as well as tax increases. To 847:, and Bush took office as vice president in 1981. Bush enjoyed warm relations with Reagan, and the vice president served as an important adviser and made numerous public appearances on behalf of the Reagan administration. 4912: 1999:, and it was subsequently demolished by gleeful Berliners. Many Soviet leaders urged Gorbachev to crush the dissidents in Eastern Europe, but Gorbachev declined to send in the Soviet military, effectively abandoning the 2489:

Faced with several issues, Bush refrained from proposing major domestic programs during his tenure. He did, however, make frequent use of the presidential veto, and used the threat of the veto to influence legislation.

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prior to taking office. Despite the personal rapport between Bush and Deng, human rights issues presented a serious challenge to Bush's China policy. In mid-1989, students and other individuals protested in favor of

1909:, known as "Operation Just Cause", was the first large-scale American military operation in more than 40 years that was not related to the Cold War. American forces quickly took control of the Panama Canal Zone and 1880:

Mideast Peace Process: Bush made efforts to advance the Middle East peace process. He hosted the 1991 Madrid Conference, which brought together Israeli and Arab leaders for peace talks, setting the stage for future

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into law in July 1990. The act required employers and public accommodations to make "reasonable accommodations" for the disabled, while providing an exception when such accommodations imposed an "undue hardship".

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While Bush won a swift victory in the Republican primaries, many in the press referred to the Democratic presidential candidates as the "Seven Dwarfs" due to a lack of notable party leaders in the field. Senator

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Clinton won the election, taking 43 percent of the popular vote and 370 electoral votes, while Bush won 37.5 percent of the popular vote and 168 electoral votes. Perot won 19% of the popular vote, one of the

3187:, as his running mate. Polling taken shortly after the Democratic convention showed Clinton with a twenty-point lead. Clinton focused his campaign on the economy, attacking the policies of Reagan and Bush. 2042: 1904:

seeing Noriega as a threat. After an American serviceman was killed by Noriega forces in December 1989, Bush ordered 24,000 troops into the country with an objective of removing Noriega from power. The

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authority, which grants the president the power to submit an international trade agreement to Congress without the possibility of amendment. Despite congressional opposition led by House Majority Leader

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that eliminated many tariffs between the two countries. President Reagan had intended it as the first step towards a larger trade agreement to eliminate most tariffs among the United States, Canada, and

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As other presidents have done, Bush issued a series of pardons during his last days in office. On December 24, 1992, he granted executive clemency to six former government employees implicated in the

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as his running mate. Though Quayle had compiled an unremarkable record in Congress, he was popular among many conservatives, and the campaign hoped that Quayle's youth would appeal to younger voters.

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in October 1987. He promised to provide "steady, experienced leadership", and Reagan privately supported his candidacy. Bush's major rivals for the Republican nomination were Senate Minority Leader

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for a short time, then reentered. Perot also attacked NAFTA, which he claimed would lead to major job losses. Perot dropped out of the race in July 1992, but rejoined the race in early October.

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had eased Cold War tensions during Reagan's second term, but Bush was initially skeptical of Soviet intentions. During the first year of his tenure, Bush pursued what Soviets referred to as the

3179:(DLC), Clinton favored welfare reform, deficit reduction, and a tax cut for the middle class. Clinton withstood attacks on his personal conduct and defeated Tsongas, former California Governor 2264: 787: 7974: 2298:

and other Iraqi positions. The bombing devastated Iraq's power grid and communications network, and resulted in the desertion of about 100,000 Iraqi soldiers. In retaliation, Iraq launched

2843:, the administration won passage of the amendments over the opposition of business-aligned members of Congress who feared the impact of tougher regulations. The legislation sought to curb 7863: 2908: 7626: 5744: 7561: 1825: 1600:, the wife of Bob Dole and a former Secretary of Transportation, became the Secretary of Labor under Bush. Bush retained several Reagan officials, including Secretary of the Treasury 430: 3001:. In response, Bush introduced a constitutional amendment empower Congress to outlaw the desecration of the American flag. Congress did not pass the amendment, but Bush did sign the 2739:

Though Bush generally refrained from making major proposals for new domestic programs, he stated his intention to be an education and environmental president. A 1983 report, titled

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up and gotten rid of his government, then the question is what do you put in his place?" In the aftermath of the war, the Bush administration encouraged rebellions against Iraq, and

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to avoid undermining further democratic reforms. Bush also helped convince Polish leaders to allow democratic elections and became the first sitting U.S. president to visit Hungary.

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by Fang, an attempted intervention by Scowcroft, and an offer from the Japanese government to resume loans to the PRC in return for the resolution of "the Fang Lizhi problem."

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during that war due to U.S. hostility towards Iran, but Bush decided not to renew loans to Iraq because of Hussein's brutal crack-down on dissent and his threats to attack

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against Gorbachev; while the coup quickly fell apart, it broke the remaining power of Gorbachev and the central Soviet government. Later that month, Gorbachev resigned as

1957: 7394: 2335:. The U.S. declined to intervene in the rebellion, and Hussein violently suppressed the uprisings. After 1991, the UN maintained economic sanctions against Iraq, and the 10737: 9599: 8412: 8335: 2206: 913: 832: 319: 9540: 8201: 1627:, a strong supporter of Bush during the 1988 campaign, became chief of staff. Sununu would oversee the administration's domestic policy until his resignation in 1991. 7619: 3143:, declined to seek their party's presidential nomination. However, Bush's tax increase had angered many conservatives, and he faced a challenge from the right in the 7455: 5128: 11370: 11365: 11350: 11345: 11340: 11335: 11330: 1385: 1584:, was rejected by the Senate, becoming the first cabinet nominee of an incoming president to be rejected. Leadership of the Department of Defense instead went to 7819: 232: 6206:"The 1992 Elections: Disappointment – News Analysis – An Eccentric but No Joke; Perot's Strong Showing Raises Questions On What Might Have Been, and Might Be –" 4194: 2722:

provision that required that new programs be paid for at the time of implementation. Though he had previously promised to support the bill, House Minority Whip

7870: 7697: 6444: 5834: 3301: 2213:. Faced with massive debts and low oil prices, Hussein decided to conquer the country of Kuwait, a small, oil-rich country situated on Iraq's southern border. 1816: 1620: 744: 455: 6656: 8314: 8309: 7582: 6754: 2100: 1770: 470: 4978: 12061: 7798: 7603: 6136: 4948:"Budget Deficit for 1989 Is Put at $ 152.1 Billion : Spending: Congress and the White House remain locked in a stalemate over a capital gains tax cut" 4027: 1796: 1774: 1364: 4765:

All figures, except for debt percentage, are presented in billions of dollars. The receipt, outlay, deficit, GDP, and debt figures are calculated for the

2653:. The unemployment rate rose from 5.9 percent in 1989 to a high of 7.8 percent in mid-1991. A number of highly publicized early layoffs by companies like 2139:

was the largest and most populous. Bush and Yeltsin met in February 1992, declaring a new era of friendship. In January 1993, Bush and Yeltsin agreed to

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and the war's result were seen as both a diplomatic and military triumph, rousing bipartisan approval, though his decision to withdraw without removing

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After the January 15 deadline passed without an Iraqi withdrawal from Kuwait, U.S. and coalition forces began a 39-day bombing of the Iraqi capital of

1807:. Nonetheless, by the end of Bush's tenure, Republican appointees made up a majority of the membership of each of the thirteen federal appeals courts. 606: 294: 6498: 956:, and several other candidates. Leading in the polls, Dukakis launched a low-risk campaign that proved ineffective. Under the direction of strategist 12056: 8491: 7944: 2695: 11752: 11745: 9409: 8224: 8183: 7967: 3993: 3456: 2891: 2019: 1527: 909: 390: 17: 5635: 11955: 11835: 9615: 9562: 9419: 9128: 6267: 3063: 2912: 2714:

in the Republican Party, Bush's statement represented a betrayal, and they heavily criticized him for compromising so early in the negotiations.

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President Bush devoted attention to voluntary service as a means of solving some of America's most serious social problems. He often used the "

2003:. The U.S. was not directly involved in these upheavals, but the Bush administration avoided the appearance of gloating over the demise of the 5677: 5347: 11260: 9379: 7937: 7448: 5751: 3251:

Bush was widely seen as a "pragmatic caretaker" president who lacked a unified and compelling long-term theme in his efforts. Indeed, Bush's

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ordered Russia to seize property previously controlled by the Kremlin. Gorbachev's power evaporated but he clung to nominal office as the

242: 3750: 1083: 10384: 10364: 10344: 10324: 10304: 10284: 10264: 10244: 10224: 10204: 10184: 10164: 10144: 10124: 10104: 10084: 10064: 10044: 10024: 10004: 9984: 9964: 9944: 9924: 9904: 9884: 9864: 9844: 9824: 9454: 9429: 9394: 9369: 8451: 8446: 8407: 8402: 8395: 8390: 8239: 8219: 8156: 7554: 7496: 7482: 7473: 3461: 3164: 3144: 3097: 3079: 3037: 1695:. Some Republicans urged Bush to dump Quayle from the ticket in 1992, but Bush decided that picking a new running mate would be a mistake. 1078: 851: 824: 770: 756: 553: 543: 519: 509: 497: 492: 435: 380: 373: 252: 227: 38: 11792: 11680: 9374: 8551: 8293: 8288: 8127: 8053: 7960: 6387: 1487: 4868: 12006: 11882: 9424: 9414: 9399: 7596: 2650: 2646: 2311:

poll showed that Bush had an approval rating of 89 percent, the highest presidential approval rating in the history of Gallup polling.

2240:

In preparation for a military operation against Iraq, the United States transferred thousands of soldiers to Saudi Arabia, and General

2010:

By mid-1989, as unrest blanketed Eastern Europe, Bush requested a meeting with Gorbachev, and the two agreed to hold the December 1989

1709: 150: 3268:

claiming that he ignored domestic issues and exclusively solved foreign ones. His ability to gain broad international support for the

983:, and he took 53.4 percent of the national popular vote. Bush ran well in all the major regions of the country, but especially in the 10540: 9526: 9464: 9404: 9389: 8528: 8023: 2728: 1640: 1406: 6567: 3480:

The 1988 presidential election remains the only presidential election since 1948 in which either party won a third consecutive term.

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states. In the concurrent congressional elections, Democrats retained control of both the House of Representatives and the Senate.

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expressed a willingness to negotiate a free trade agreement after he took office in 1988. The Bush administration, along with the

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Waterman, Richard W. (1996). "Storm Clouds on the Political Horizon: George Bush at the Dawn of the 1992 Presidential Election".

5957: 5511: 5321: 3087: 2807: 2775: 1735: 1648: 1252: 1183: 905: 623: 563: 536: 351: 329: 3183:, and other candidates to win the Democratic nomination. Clinton selected Senator Al Gore of Tennessee, a fellow Southerner and 11935: 11915: 11690: 11439: 9439: 8273: 3305: 3013: 1271: 1000: 599: 222: 8520: 7033:

The Presidents Vs. the Press: The Endless Battle Between the White House and the Media--from the Founding Fathers to Fake News

2469:(NAFTA) with Mexico. In addition to lowering tariffs, the proposed treaty would restrict patents, copyrights, and trademarks. 2314:

During the military action, the coalition forces did not pursue Iraqi forces across the border, leaving Hussein and his elite

2228:

opposed to the invasion. The administration feared that a failure to respond to the invasion would embolden Hussein to attack

948:, known for presiding over an economic turnaround in Massachusetts, emerged as the Democratic presidential nominee, defeating 11960: 11857: 11670: 8187: 7333: 7253: 7124: 7080: 7022: 6481: 5920: 5895: 5870: 5381: 5140: 4419:"George H. W. Bush: Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the Persian Gulf Crisis and the Federal Budget Deficit" 2980: 2895: 1660: 2112: 972:" that allowed dangerous convicted felons to leave prison. Dukakis damaged his own campaign with a widely mocked ride in an 9567: 9479: 8249: 8214: 7995: 6605: 2924: 2435: 2340: 1456: 897: 282: 6546:"Modest Bush Approval Rating Boost at War's End: Summary of Findings – Pew Research Center for the People & the Press" 3359:

as the true spokesman for public opinion in Russia in its disdain for Gorbachev and his unyielding devotion to Communism.

1655:, emerged as an influential member of the National Security Council. Another important foreign policy adviser was General 12051: 12046: 12041: 12036: 11559: 10392: 10371: 10351: 10331: 10311: 10291: 10271: 10251: 10231: 10211: 10191: 10171: 10151: 10131: 10111: 10091: 10071: 10051: 10031: 10011: 9991: 9971: 9951: 9931: 9911: 9891: 9871: 9851: 9831: 9807: 9794: 9781: 9768: 9755: 9742: 9729: 9716: 9703: 9690: 9677: 9664: 9638: 9625: 9208: 8456: 8417: 8362: 8340: 8254: 8159: 7928: 7780: 7540: 7533: 7169: 4727:

Eugene Beaulieu and Dylan Klemen. "You Say USMCA or T-MEC and I Say CUSMA: The New NAFTA-Let's Call the Whole Thing On."

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or Israel, and wanted to discourage other countries from similar aggression. Many in the international community agreed;

1971:

policy in 1989, Soviet satellites in Eastern Europe challenged Soviet domination. In 1989, Communist governments fell in

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Bush, occasionally criticized for his lack of eloquence when compared to Reagan, delivered a well-received speech at the

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In 1990, the Points of Light Foundation was created as a nonprofit organization in Washington to promote this spirit of

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Engel, Jeffrey A. "A Better World...but Don't Get Carried Away: The Foreign Policy of George HW Bush Twenty Years On."

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David, Charles‐Philippe. "Who was the real George Bush? Foreign policy decision‐making under the Bush administration."

6705: 5108:. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project, University of California Santa Barbara 4864: 4862: 1715: 1202: 2658:

early 1980s double-dip recession had been. Explanations for the economic slowdown varied; some Bush supporters blamed

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Silenced Scream: a Visual History of the 1989 Tiananmen Protests. by Donna Rouviere Anderson, Forrest Anderson. p.145

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on January 20, 1989, succeeding Ronald Reagan. He entered office at a period of change in the world; the fall of the

1038: 1016: 831:, a conservative former governor from California. Seeking to balance the ticket with an ideological moderate, Reagan 630: 592: 385: 237: 6997: 6628: 6448: 5825: 4859: 11812: 10827: 10463: 9549: 9148: 8167: 8039: 7729: 6545: 3118: 2973: 1906: 1891: 1333: 1152: 836: 717: 650: 634: 410: 90: 4688:

Amy Skonieczny, "Constructing NAFTA: Myth, representation, and the discursive construction of US foreign policy."

3943: 3591: 877:, behind Dole and Robertson. Due in part to a financial advantage over Dole, Bush rebounded with a victory in the 11685: 11599: 11564: 10475: 10451: 10445: 9248: 9178: 9118: 9098: 8978: 8948: 8898: 8120: 7675: 7668: 7661: 2707: 2246: 2128: 2080: 2054: 1780: 1632: 1506: 980: 7063: 4878: 4023: 3873: 11905: 11639: 11554: 11504: 11211: 10457: 10427: 9606: 9138: 9068: 9018: 8968: 8918: 8876: 7891: 7312: 2864: 1221: 1114: 626: 5719: 5459: 1917:

or the threat of Communism, but rather on the grounds that it was in the best interests of the United States.

11970: 11644: 11604: 11594: 11589: 11569: 11514: 11489: 10946: 10481: 10415: 9238: 9218: 9188: 9048: 9028: 8234: 7833: 6361: 6293: 5306:. "Bush Vetoes Civil Rights Bill; Measure Said to Encourage Job Quotas; Women, Minorities Sharply Critical". 5270: 4979:"The Struggle in Congress; U.S. Deficit for 1990 Surged to Near-Record $ 220.4 Billion, but How Bad Is That?" 3966: 3513: 3176: 2860: 2836: 2358: 2124: 1755:

conservative justices of his era, who would go on to contribute to landmark Supreme Court decisions, such as

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While Britain and France were wary of a re-unified Germany, Bush pushed for German reunification alongside

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for domestic policy. Baker became chief of staff in August 1992 and was succeeded as Secretary of State by

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Dobel, J. Patrick. "Prudence and presidential ethics: the decisions on Iraq of the two presidents Bush."

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Running the World: The Inside Story of the National Security Council and the Architects of American Power

3017: 2673: 2371: 2303:

the military action. A cease fire was arranged on March 3, and the UN passed a resolution establishing a

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As the economy grew worse and Bush's approval ratings declined, several Democrats decided to enter the

1804: 1795:, who was later revealed to be the earliest known gay federal judge. Bush also experienced a number of 1680: 1577: 1546: 739:, Bush agreed to a budget with the Democratic-controlled Congress that raised taxes and cut spending. 736: 529: 128: 9008: 3990: 3287:

Bush's approval ratings (red) compared to his disapproval ratings (blue) for his four-year presidency.

2018:

as the cornerstones of freedom and urged that they be enshrined among the principles of the 35-nation

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Iraq, and he won important financial backing from Germany, Japan, South Korea, Saudi Arabia, and the

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with the goal of strengthening volunteerism, streamlining costs and services and deepening impact.

2942: 2824: 2819: 2786: 2759: 893: 689: 405: 8482: 3276:

left mixed feelings, and attention returned to the domestic front and a souring economy. Amid the

1779:

Bush sent candidates selected by the Justice Department to the Senate, including 42 judges to the

991:

in 1836, as well as the first person to succeed a president from his own party via election since

11584: 11539: 11479: 11454: 11409: 11176: 11071: 9348: 8738: 8567: 8536: 7953: 6298: 6294:"How the Presidents Stack Up: A Look at U.S. Presidents' Job Approval Ratings (George H.W. Bush)" 4195:"Statement on the Copenhagen Declaration of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe" 3754: 2969: 2885: 2459: 2315: 1723: 960:, the Bush campaign attacked Dukakis as an unpatriotic liberal extremist. The campaign seized on 812: 2079:

Gorbachev suppressed nationalist movements within the Soviet Union itself. The Soviet Union had

11762: 11494: 11459: 11051: 11021: 9819: 8974: 8853: 8002: 7898: 7720: 7262:

Troy, Gil. "Stumping in the bookstores: A literary history of the 1992 presidential campaign."

6344:

Gil Troy, "Stumping in the bookstores: A literary history of the 1992 presidential campaign."

5215: 5209: 5172: 5166: 4209: 3043: 2911:, which incorporated most of Bush's proposals. In the wake of the savings and loan crisis, the 2856: 2851:. The measure was the first major update to the Clean Air Act since 1977. Bush also signed the 2520: 2332: 2241: 2221: 2099:

in the 1940s, and many of the residents had never accepted Soviet rule. Lithuania's March 1990

2072: 1672: 1644: 984: 7433: 6852: 5799: 5777: 4098: 3235: 3070:. The pardons effectively brought an end to Walsh's investigation of the Iran-Contra scandal. 12016: 11847: 11619: 11574: 10059: 9204: 8762: 8666: 7877: 6179: 3667: 3277: 3224: 2790: 2058: 1030: 878: 143: 6527: 6247:. Pennsylvania; Ohio; New England States (Us); Michigan; West Coast; New Jersey; Middle East 5824: 4418: 3308:’s Presidents and Executive Politics section ranked Bush as the 17th best president. A 2017 2863:

criticized some of Bush's other environmental actions, including his opposition to stricter

12026: 11877: 11867: 11136: 11131: 11121: 10971: 10966: 10875: 10857: 10845: 10833: 10821: 10815: 10035: 10015: 9839: 9835: 9789: 9224: 8505: 8259: 8030: 7981: 6832:

The Strategist: Brent Scowcroft and the Call of National Security by Bartholomew H. Sparrow

6779: 3448: 3175:

of Arkansas emerged as the Democratic front-runner. A moderate who was affiliated with the

2443: 2251: 2037:. Gorbachev also resisted the idea of a reunified Germany, especially if it became part of 1684: 1532: 1169: 1004: 6575: 4915:, E. Ray Canterbery; New Jersey, London, Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co., 2011. 3280:, his image shifted from "conquering hero" to "politician befuddled by economic matters". 2143:, which provided for further nuclear arms reductions on top of the original START treaty. 8: 12071: 12021: 11830: 11041: 10779: 9811: 9798: 9694: 9577: 9154: 9074: 8732: 8628: 8620: 8046: 7682: 3420: 3156:, but the convention adopted a socially conservative platform strongly influenced by the 3051: 3002: 2711: 2105: 1931: 873:. Though considered the early front-runner for the nomination, Bush came in third in the 820: 7113: 5105: 4769:, which ends on September 30. For example, fiscal year 2020 ended on September 30, 2020. 4667: 12031: 11862: 11727: 11156: 11096: 10986: 10881: 10863: 10839: 10761: 10606: 10588: 9785: 9776: 9698: 9587: 9582: 9572: 9144: 8750: 8696: 7771: 7385: 7375: 7289: 7274:

The Bush administration (1989–1993) and the development of a European security identity

7145: 7053: 6918: 6682: 6633: 4983: 4766: 3255:

where he refers to the issue of overarching purpose as "the vision thing" has become a

2840: 2690: 2473: 2367: 2328: 2217: 2132: 420: 107: 9629: 6597: 6113: 5778:

Encyclopedia of Minorities in American Politics: African Americans and Asian Americans

1596:. Kemp joined the administration as Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, while 1029:

administering the oath of office to President Bush during Inaugural ceremonies at the

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Listen Up, Mr. President: Everything You Always Wanted Your President to Know and Do

5888:

Guns in American Society: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture, and the Law

5716:

RGK Center for Philanthropy and Community Service, the University of Texas at Austin

4840: 4814: 4788: 4462: 2026:, this major historic achievement the security architecture of Europe was anchored. 11235: 11230: 11141: 11061: 11036: 11026: 10899: 10809: 10672: 10648: 10600: 10564: 9879: 9815: 9802: 9772: 9759: 9681: 9668: 9134: 9124: 9104: 9064: 9014: 8964: 8914: 8768: 8702: 8498: 7764: 7221: 6928: 5961: 3240: 2992: 2953: 2741: 2703: 2397: 2308: 1792: 1631:, who had previously served in the Treasury Department, became the Director of the 1442: 1319: 1307: 1257: 988: 8845: 4918: 4913:

A Brief History of Economics: Artful Approaches to the Dismal Science, 2nd Edition

3511: 3343:

ushered in a ‘new world order’ it described with great skill and professionalism.”

1576:

as Secretary of State; Baker was Bush's closest friend and had served as Reagan's

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and intellectual freedom across two hundred cities in the PRC. In June 1989, the

1936: 1914: 1837: 1832: 1821: 1727: 1676: 1636: 1605: 1561: 1473: 1276: 1226: 1021: 965: 945: 654: 247: 11285: 6838: 5434: 676:

International affairs drove the Bush presidency, which navigated the end of the

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the Supreme Court held that it was unconstitutional to criminalize burning the

2848: 2750: 2706:

put forward the Democratic counter-proposal, which included an increase in the

2662: 2462: 2423: 2419: 2324: 2190: 1980: 1897: 1841: 1628: 1624: 1597: 1593: 1513: 1350: 1338: 992: 969: 808: 670: 6966: 6137:"The 1992 Campaign: The Independent; Bush Aide calls Perot's story 'paranoid'" 5983: 2789:, and many faced discrimination and segregation as Bush took office. In 1988, 2357:

One of Bush's priorities was strengthening relations between the U.S. and the

1651:, vesting power in it as an important policy-making body. Scowcroft's deputy, 11995: 11930: 11255: 11196: 11081: 10905: 10636: 10175: 10155: 10115: 10095: 10055: 10039: 10019: 9763: 9750: 9724: 9284: 9254: 8994: 8924: 8800: 8744: 8726: 7418: 7166:

Principle Over Politics? The Domestic Policy of the George HW Bush Presidency

3356: 3136: 2746: 2723: 2478: 2362: 2287: 2120: 2084: 2023: 1616: 1609: 1461: 961: 949: 901: 882: 874: 870: 867: 828: 792: 646: 2827:, which was largely similar to the bill he had vetoed in the previous year. 2814:

After the Supreme Court handed down rulings that limited the enforcement of

2770: 819:

Having served in various government positions, particularly the position of

11275: 11270: 11191: 11171: 11126: 11076: 11046: 11011: 10935: 10917: 10702: 10690: 10582: 10570: 10558: 10375: 10355: 10335: 9685: 9334: 9324: 9304: 9274: 8934: 8807: 8780: 8774: 8648: 7713: 5913:

Moral controversies in American politics: cases in social regulatory policy

4610:, Fang Lizhi, translated by Perry Link. The New York Review of Books, 2011. 3406: 3392: 3329:

According to Roger Harrison in reviewing Sparrow's biography of Scowcroft:

3261: 3213: 3184: 3172: 3168: 3148: 3123: 3111: 3062:, all of whom had been indicted and/or convicted of criminal charges by an 3021: 2949: 2916: 2798:

burdens on businesses, Bush strongly supported it, partly because his son,

2279: 2275: 2229: 2030: 2011: 2004: 1992: 1945: 1941: 1901: 1788: 1719: 1656: 1652: 1492: 1238: 1055: 1046: 987:. He became the first sitting vice president to be elected president since 840: 800: 796: 666: 7411: 6685:. Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. October 4, 2016 5011:. Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. October 4, 2016 3208:. Bush won a majority of the Southern states and also carried most of the 2451:. Mexico had resisted becoming involved in the agreement at the time, but 2319:

controversial. As Secretary of Defense Cheney noted, "Once we had rounded

11294: 11289: 11280: 11265: 11240: 11226: 11091: 10887: 10797: 10696: 10594: 10315: 10299: 10295: 10279: 10259: 10135: 10119: 10099: 9999: 9264: 8786: 8720: 8714: 8684: 8640: 7568: 5800:

The Paper curtain: employer sanctions' implementation, impact, and reform

3283: 3180: 3132: 2794: 2431: 2283: 2034: 2015: 1996: 1949: 1910: 1836:

Bush speaks on the telephone regarding Operation Just Cause with General

1692: 1643:, a role he had also held under Ford. In the aftermath of the Reagan era 1589: 1585: 1573: 1423: 1207: 1157: 1042: 957: 933: 929: 693: 685: 217: 112: 7293: 7267: 6972:

Honor and loyalty: inside the politics of the George HW Bush White House

6349: 4322: 4063:

From Cold War to new world order: The foreign policy of George H.W. Bush

3428: 3316:

veto allowed him to influence legislation. Bush is widely regarded as a

3190:

In early 1992, the race took an unexpected twist when Texas billionaire

3171:

of Massachusetts won the New Hampshire primary, but Democratic Governor

2396:, acting on behalf of US President Bush, and Deng. Other factors were a 2063: 964:, a convicted felon from Massachusetts who had raped a woman while on a 11216: 11186: 11146: 11031: 10720: 10714: 10684: 10359: 10339: 10219: 10199: 9939: 9935: 8984: 8904: 8820: 7391:

Public papers of the Presidents of the United States: George Bush 1989

5303: 3293: 3265: 3252: 3191: 3106: 3059: 3020:. Like Bennett, Bush favored an escalation of the federal role in the " 2782: 2755: 2388: 2265:

Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 1991

2147: 1751: 1581: 1288: 1138: 936:

both declined to enter the race, while the campaigns of former Senator

917: 885:. Bush's competitors dropped out of the race soon after Super Tuesday. 881:, then won South Carolina and 16 of the 17 states holding a primary on 804: 779: 725: 669:, after one term in office. Bush was the father of the 43rd president, 6333: 4778:

Represents the national debt held by the public as a percentage of GDP

2361:(PRC), and Bush had developed a warm relationship with Chinese leader 2176: 10923: 10319: 10239: 9344: 8678: 7072:

Destiny and Power: The American Odyssey of George Herbert Walker Bush

3514:"Vice Presidents of the United States: George H. W. Bush (1981–1989)" 2844: 2799: 2088: 1392: 973: 941: 937: 863: 799:, Vice President and President-elect George H. W. Bush with his wife 747:, Bush is generally ranked as an average or above-average president. 697: 8105: 6755:"How Does Trump Stack Up Against the Best — and Worst — Presidents?" 5564:"Senate Votes to Override President's Veto of the Family-Leave Bill" 3386: 2909:

Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989

2907:

to liquidate the assets of insolvent companies. Congress passed the

11980: 11201: 10708: 10379: 10235: 10139: 9518: 8672: 7743: 3269: 2835:

In June 1989, the Bush administration proposed a bill to amend the

2803: 2159: 2140: 1984: 1967:, a break in Reagan's détente policies. While Bush implemented his 1718:. In 1990, Bush appointed a largely unknown state appellate judge, 855: 713: 677: 415: 6879:

At the Highest Levels: The Inside Story of the End of the Cold War

5781:". Jeffrey D. Schultz (2000). Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 282. 5662:

The Points of Light Movement: The President's Report to the Nation

5348:"New Battle Looming as Democrats Reintroduce Civil Rights Measure" 4553:"United States State Department "Themes" Declassified 2 July 1998" 2645:

The U.S. economy had generally performed well since emerging from

7372:

From the Shadows: The Ultimate Insider's Story of Five Presidents

7352:

The Politics of Diplomacy: Revolution, War, and Peace, 1989-1992.

6953:

Marching in place : the status quo presidency of George Bush

6892:

American Empire: The Realities and Consequences of U.S. Diplomacy

5984:"Pardons and Commutations Granted by President George H. W. Bush" 5709:"Getting to Yes: The Points of Light and Hands On Network Merger" 3256: 3140: 2894:, which deregulated savings and loans associations and increased 2806:. After the bill passed both houses of Congress, Bush signed the 2499:

Federal finances and GDP during the George H. W. Bush presidency

2375: 2320: 2295: 2286:

and others about the situation in the Persian Gulf and Operation

2096: 1988: 1976: 1691:

mid-1992 showed him to be the least popular vice president since

953: 921: 896:" speech, it described Bush's vision of America: he endorsed the 735:

that had grown to threefold since 1980. Despite insisting he was

7813:

Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992

7246:

The Quiet Man: The Indispensable Presidency of George H. W. Bush

7147:

Restless Giant: The United States from Watergate to Bush v. Gore

6328:

Seymour Martin Lipset, "The significance of the 1992 election."

3046:

of the late 1980s, most prominently former Secretary of Defense

2387:

around the Tiananmen Square protests were an "internal affair".

1592:'s Chief of Staff and would later serve as vice president under 7463: 7179:

Hell of a Ride: Backstage at the White House Follies, 1989–1993

5214:. Chatham, New Jersey: Chatham House Publishers, Inc. pp. 5171:. Chatham, New Jersey: Chatham House Publishers, Inc. pp. 4100:

Borders and Bridges: A History of U.S.-Latin American Relations

3400: 3309: 2847:

and smog by requiring decreased emissions of chemicals such as

2448: 2210: 2136: 2092: 1972: 1734:, a long-time liberal stalwart. Thomas, the former head of the 976:

tank and a poor performance at the second presidential debate.

859: 709: 6994:

A presidency upstaged: The public leadership of George HW Bush

2307:

in a demilitarized zone between Kuwait and Iraq. A March 1991

2164: 1991:

instituted major reforms. In November 1989, the government of

1063:

Bush would go on to describe his vision of the nation, saying:

1049:

came in his presidency. In his inaugural address, Bush said:

7060:

Out of the shadow: George HW Bush and the end of the Cold War

6753:

Rottinghaus, Brandon; Vaughn, Justin S. (February 19, 2018).

6499:"Obama does not want to become known as 'The Great Ditherer'" 6241:"THE 1992 ELECTIONS: NEWS ANALYSIS; The Economy's Casualty –" 2915:

investigated five senators, collectively referred to as the "

2719: 2654: 1787:. Among these appointments were future Supreme Court Justice 1747: 638: 7043:

A Noble Calling: Character and the George HW Bush Presidency

7014:

From Colony to Superpower; U.S. Foreign Relations Since 1776

6915:

Power and prudence : the presidency of George H.W. Bush

5678:"After Two Tough Years, New Points of Light Charity Emerges" 4573:

Lilley, James. China Hands. New York: Public Affairs, 2004.

4050:

From Colony to Superpower; U.S. Foreign Relations Since 1776

633:

on January 20, 1989, and ended on January 20, 1993. Bush, a

3512:

Hatfield, Mark (with the Senate Historical Office) (1997).

3369:

Summing up assessments of Bush's presidency, Knott writes:

3312:

poll of historians ranked Bush as the 20th best president.

2299: 2198: 2194: 2038: 705: 7406: 6706:"CNN, Views soften on 2 former presidents, CNN poll finds" 6469: 5655: 5653: 3005:

of 1989, which was later overturned by the Supreme Court.

2952:. In 2007, the Points of Light Foundation merged with the 2168:

President Bush visited American troops in Saudi Arabia on

1659:, a former National Security Advisor who Bush selected as 968:; the Bush campaign charged that Dukakis presided over a " 835:

Bush as his running mate. Reagan triumphed over incumbent

161: 7412:

in-depth coverage by Miller Center at University Virginia

5958:"Bush pardons Weinberger, Five Other Tied to Iran-Contra" 5910: 4901:

The Handbook of the Political Economy of Financial Crises

3122:

Outgoing President George H. W. Bush and President-elect

3114:

defeated President Bush in the 1992 presidential election

2818:, Senator Ted Kennedy led passage of a bill known as the 3753:. Bushlibrary.tamu.edu. January 20, 1989. Archived from 3592:"1988: George H. W. Bush Gives the 'Speech of his Life'" 2146:

The United States and the Soviet Union had been the two

7050:

Rise of the Vulcans: The History of Bush's War Cabinet.

5650: 5409:"Senators Approve Clean Air Measure By a Vote of 89–11" 979:

Bush defeated Dukakis by a margin of 426 to 111 in the

7871:

Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990

7416: 5322:"President Vetoes Bill on Job Rights; Showdown is Set" 4161: 4159: 2785:

had not received legal protections under the landmark

2043:

Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany

1817:

Foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration

5538:"Bush Vetoes Family Leave Bill, Wants Voluntary Plan" 5512:"BUSH VETOES BILL MAKING EMPLOYERS GIVE FAMILY LEAVE" 4550: 4317:

H.W. Brands, "George Bush and the Gulf War of 1991."

3874:"J. Danforth Quayle, 44th Vice President (1989–1993)" 2683: 1771:

List of federal judges appointed by George H. W. Bush

728:

consisting of the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

7799:

Alien Species Prevention and Enforcement Act of 1992

7041:

Levantrosser, William F., and Rosanna Perotti, eds.

5803:". Michael Fix (1991). The Urban Institute. p. 304. 5080:"Bush Abandons Campaign Pledge, Calls for New Taxes" 4869:

Accepting the Harsh Truth Of a Blue-Collar Recession

4197:. The American Presidency Project. UC Santa Barbara. 4026:. U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. 3814: 3812: 3382: 2339:

was assigned to ensure that Iraq did not revive its

1803:

were not processed by the Democratically controlled

1775:

George H. W. Bush judicial appointment controversies

8875: 5960:. Federation of American Scientists. Archived from 5590:"HOUSE FAILS TO OVERRIDE BUSH VETO OF FAMILY LEAVE" 5435:"Conservation League Gives Bush 'D' on Environment" 5194: 5192: 4156: 3519:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office 3324: 1087:

President George H. W. Bush and his cabinet in 1992

718:

military invasion to overthrow a dictator in Panama

661:. His presidency ended following his defeat in the 649:, took office following his landslide victory over 7176: 7112: 5129:"Chapter 2: George Bush and American Conservatism" 4430: 4428: 4395: 4393: 4295: 4293: 3900: 3723: 3721: 2048: 27:U.S. presidential administration from 1989 to 1993 7945:Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act 6752: 6626: 5382:"Bush Signs Major Revision of Anti-Pollution Law" 5003: 5001: 3967:"Gay judge never considered dropping Prop 8 case" 3944:"Clarence Thomas' Influence On The Supreme Court" 3809: 3558:"Bush and Simon Seen as Hobbled by Iowa's Voting" 3304:Bush as an average president. A 2018 poll of the 1848:The main themes of the Bush foreign policy were: 823:, Bush sought the presidential nomination in the 692:in close cooperation with West German Chancellor 11993: 7968:Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act 7007:(Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2017) pp. 29–85. 6970:Feldman, Leslie Dale, and Rosanna Perotti, eds. 6184:Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections 6134: 5665:. Executive Office of the President, 1993. 1993. 5189: 5131:. In Nelson, Michael; Perry, Barbara A. (eds.). 5064: 5062: 4149: 4147: 3958: 3672:Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections 3457:George H.W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum 2903:to regulate the industry, and establishment the 2150:, and now only the USA remained in that status. 2111:In August 1991, hard-line Communists launched a 2108:", he cautioned against "suicidal nationalism". 2045:, Germany officially reunified in October 1990. 2020:Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe 1828:to 37 different countries during his presidency. 944:both ended in controversy. Ultimately, Governor 6521: 6519: 6238: 5737: 5207: 5164: 4972: 4970: 4627: 4625: 4425: 4390: 4290: 4081: 3718: 1896:During the 1980s, the U.S. had supplied aid to 1885: 1750:. His nomination faced another difficulty when 8560:The Family: The Real Story of the Bush Dynasty 7005:Cycles in US Foreign Policy since the Cold War 6850: 6675: 6445:"Quotations : Oxford Dictionaries Online" 6265: 5952: 5950: 5915:(2 ed.). M. E. Sharpe. pp. 168–175. 5486:"President Vetoes Bill on Unpaid Family Leave" 5290: 5288: 5237: 5235: 5133:41: Inside the Presidency of George H. W. Bush 5106:"Statement on the Federal Budget Negotiations" 4998: 4885:Blue-collar Towns Have Highest Jobless Numbers 4096: 2972:, which led to a 40 percent increase in legal 2438:at the NAFTA Initialing Ceremony, October 1992 1671:, who earned plaudits for his handling of the 9534: 8861: 8121: 7938:Housing and Community Development Act of 1992 7449: 6388:"The Prudence Thing: George Bush's Class Act" 5911:Tatalovich, Raymond; Byron W. Daynes (1998). 5059: 4752: 4750: 4144: 3766: 3764: 3073: 3016:, an agency that had been established by the 600: 30:Not to be confused with that of his son, the 7133:Nelson, Michael, and Barbara A. Perry, eds. 7068: 6925:Congress and the Nation: Volume 8: 1989–1992 6703: 6654: 6620: 6516: 6291: 6180:"1992 Presidential General Election Results" 6020:"What if Mario Cuomo had run for president?" 5852: 5400: 5135:. Cornell University Press. pp. 68–69. 4967: 4847:. Office of Management and Budget. Table 7.1 4821:. Office of Management and Budget. Table 1.2 4795:. Office of Management and Budget. Table 1.1 4622: 3866: 3668:"1988 Presidential General Election Results" 3462:List of people pardoned by George H. W. Bush 3098:1992 Republican Party presidential primaries 3080:George H. W. Bush 1992 presidential campaign 3038:List of people pardoned by George H. W. Bush 2892:Garn–St. Germain Depository Institutions Act 2180:Iraq (green) invaded Kuwait (orange) in 1990 2135:emerged from the USSR, and of those states, 1758:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization 1079:Presidential transition of George H. W. Bush 771:1988 Republican Party presidential primaries 757:George H. W. Bush 1988 presidential campaign 745:polls of historians and political scientists 70:January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993 39:Timeline of the George H. W. Bush presidency 12062:1993 disestablishments in the United States 11793:National Republican Congressional Committee 8552:George Bush: The Life of a Lone Star Yankee 7961:Individuals with Disabilities Education Act 7135:41: Inside the presidency of George HW Bush 7102:George Bush and the guardianship presidency 7091:The rhetorical presidency of George HW Bush 5947: 5285: 5253: 5232: 2919:", for allegedly providing improper aid to 2442:In 1987, the U.S. and Canada had reached a 2184: 2127:until December 1991, when the Soviet Union 1925: 1619:, Bush concentrated executive power in the 1580:. Bush's first pick for Defense Secretary, 1572:Bush's first major appointment was that of 11883:High School Republican National Federation 9541: 9527: 9503: 8868: 8854: 8128: 8114: 7456: 7442: 6116:. President and Fellows of Harvard College 6011: 5818: 5816: 5374: 5078:Balz, Dan; Yang, John E. (June 27, 1990). 4747: 4599: 4595:, The New York Review of Books, June 2011. 3935: 3896: 3894: 3761: 3201:highest totals for a third-party candidate 2879: 1710:George H. W. Bush Supreme Court candidates 607: 593: 49: 8529:What It Takes: The Way to the White House 8024:Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 7360:Bush, George H. W., and Brent Scowcroft. 7174: 7143: 6974:(Greenwood, 2002) * Graff, Henry F., ed. 6894:(2002), 64–68, quoted in Sparrow, p 143. 6877:Michael R. Beschloss and Strobe Talbott, 6720: 6629:"Bush Encounters the Supermarket, Amazed" 5406: 5262: 4976: 4207: 4201: 4186: 3941: 2729:Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 2696:Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Balanced Budget Act 2418:From left to right: (standing) President 2257: 12057:1989 establishments in the United States 11976:Timeline of modern American conservatism 11808:Republican Attorneys General Association 11803:National Republican Senatorial Committee 8010:North American Wetlands Conservation Act 7427:) is being considered for deletion. See 7279: 7197: 7062:(Texas A&M University Press, 2008). 6907:George H. W. Bush § Further reading 6496: 6362:"The Independent, ' ' George H. W. Bush" 6017: 5826:"Major Immigration Bill Is Sent to Bush" 5426: 5339: 5313: 5077: 4729:The School of Public Policy Publications 4698: 4024:"Travels of President George H. W. Bush" 3903:"Supreme Court Justice Souter to Retire" 3507: 3505: 3282: 3234: 3230: 3117: 3105: 3084:1992 United States presidential election 2985:Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms 2769: 2413: 2374:violently suppressed a demonstration in 2269: 2175: 2163: 2117:general secretary of the Communist party 2062: 1935: 1831: 1820: 1698: 1082: 1020: 786: 778: 761:1988 United States presidential election 731:In domestic affairs, Bush faced a large 262:43rd Vice President of the United States 11798:National Republican Redistricting Trust 8068:Water Resources Development Act of 1992 8061:Water Resources Development Act of 1990 7989:Matsunaga Hydrogen RD&D Act of 1990 7806:Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 7645: 7321: 7110: 7093:(Texas A&M University Press, 2006) 7010: 6996:(Texas A&M University Press, 2011) 6590: 6412: 5862:Ricochet: Confessions of a Gun Lobbyist 5858: 5813: 5700: 5268: 5208:Campbell, Colin; Rockman, Bert (1991). 5165:Campbell, Colin; Rockman, Bert (1991). 4945: 4704: 3901:Crawford Greenburg, Jan (May 1, 2009). 3891: 3088:Presidential transition of Bill Clinton 2808:Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 2776:Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 1736:Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 14: 11994: 11916:Republican National Coalition for Life 7300: 7240: 7226:. New York: Henry Holt & Company. 7200:The Reagan Era: A History of the 1980s 6726: 6627:Rosenthal, Andrew (February 5, 1992). 6574:. PBS. October 3, 1990. Archived from 6528:"GEORGE H. W. BUSH: IMPACT AND LEGACY" 6204:Holmes, Steven A. (November 5, 1992). 6203: 5885: 5706: 5669: 5623: 5345: 5320:Holmes, Steven A. (October 23, 1990). 5319: 4875:(Archives), Steve Lohr, Dec. 25, 1991. 4584: 4061:Meena Bose, and Rosanna Perotti, eds. 3964: 3751:"George H. W. Bush: Inaugural Address" 3700: 3556:Apple, R. W. Jr. (February 10, 1988). 3306:American Political Science Association 3014:Office of National Drug Control Policy 3012:to serve as the first Director of the 2839:. Working with Senate Majority Leader 2465:, spearheaded the negotiations of the 1920: 852:1988 Republican presidential primaries 12067:Cold War history of the United States 11858:Republican National Hispanic Assembly 9522: 8849: 8176:U.S. ambassador to the United Nations 8135: 8109: 7437: 7382:My American Journey: An Autobiography 7380:Powell, Colin L. and Joseph Persico. 7216: 7168:(ABC-CLIO, 2004); essays by experts. 6780:"Presidential Historians Survey 2017" 6525: 6470:Helen Thomas; Craig Crawford (2009). 6135:Holmes, Steven A (October 27, 1992). 5986:. United States Department of Justice 5890:. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 38. 5837:from the original on December 2, 2014 5745:"Points of Light 2012 Year in Review" 5675: 5638:from the original on January 19, 2014 5432: 5269:Griffin, Rodman (December 27, 1991). 5211:The Bush Presidency: First Appraisals 5168:The Bush Presidency: First Appraisals 5126: 5009:"George H. W. Bush: Domestic Affairs" 4977:Uchitelle, Louis (October 27, 1990). 4634: 3555: 3502: 2981:National Rifle Association of America 2727:one more favorable to Democrats. The 2665:for failing to lower interest rates. 1869:a dictator who violated human rights. 1675:, replaced Sununu as chief of staff. 1661:Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 1647:, Bush and Scowcroft reorganized the 9548: 8250:George Bush Intercontinental Airport 7996:National Environmental Education Act 6560: 6413:Ajemian, Robert (January 26, 1987). 6239:R. W. Apple Jr. (November 4, 1992). 5822: 5103: 4891:, W. Joseph Campbell, Sept. 1, 1991. 4192: 3942:Totenberg, Nina (October 11, 2011). 3703:"The White House Is Not a Metronome" 3239:Graph of Bush's approval ratings in 2963: 2925:Lincoln Savings and Loan Association 2220:Kuwait in August 1990, Bush imposed 1679:also joined the administration as a 1615:Like most of his predecessors since 999:, Democrats retained control of the 702:international coalition of countries 8521:The Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear 8255:George Bush Center for Intelligence 8160:Vice President of the United States 8149:41st President of the United States 7929:U.S. Global Change Research Program 7575: 7374:(1996), director of CIA 1991–1993. 6976:The Presidents: A Reference History 6497:Rothkopf, David (October 1, 2009). 6018:Kornacki, Steve (January 2, 2015). 5676:Perry, Suzanne (October 15, 2009). 5433:Brown, Elizabeth (March 19, 1991). 5407:Shabecoff, Philip (April 4, 1990). 4642:"Frequently Asked Questions: NAFTA" 4208:Heilbrunn, Jacob (March 31, 1996). 3154:1992 Republican National Convention 3147:. Conservative political columnist 3102:1992 Republican National Convention 3024:", including the deployment of the 2876:Bush's veto, but the House didn't. 2484: 2467:North American Free Trade Agreement 2410:North American Free Trade Agreement 2341:weapons of mass destruction program 2205:, which finally ended in 1988. The 1714:Bush appointed two justices to the 890:1988 Republican National Convention 783:1988 Electoral College vote results 775:1988 Republican National Convention 722:North American Free Trade Agreement 716:. On a smaller scale he directed a 688:, Bush successfully pushed for the 363:41st President of the United States 79: 24: 11901:Republican Main Street Partnership 7915:Global Change Research Act of 1990 7885:Integrated Farm Management Program 7344: 7183:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 7137:(Cornell University Press, 2014). 6729:"What George H. W. Bush Got Wrong" 6727:Shesol, Jeff (November 13, 2015). 6683:"George H. W. Bush: Life in Brief" 6548:. People-press.org. April 18, 2003 6526:Knott, Stephen (October 4, 2016). 6330:PS: Political Science and Politics 6006:American History: A Survey Vol. II 5624:Fetini, Alyssa (October 8, 2008). 5460:"Bush Vetoes Bill on Family Leave" 5346:Holmes, Steven (January 4, 1991). 4707:"NAFTA Turns 20, To Mixed Reviews" 3584: 2930: 2684:1990 budget reconciliation process 2649:, but finally slipped into a mild 2022:(CSCE). By June, with the help of 1810: 1797:judicial appointment controversies 1716:Supreme Court of the United States 1528:United States Trade Representative 25: 12083: 12007:Presidencies of the United States 11843:Congressional Hispanic Conference 7431:to help reach a consensus. › 7400: 7035:(Dutton, 2020) pp. 325–330. 6655:Langer, Gary (January 17, 2001). 6608:from the original on May 27, 2012 5823:Pear, Robert (October 29, 1990). 5750:. Points of Light. Archived from 4946:Redburn, Tom (October 28, 1989). 4705:Zarroli, Jim (December 8, 2013). 4666:. Duke University. Archived from 4030:from the original on May 31, 2023 2890:In 1982, Congress had passed the 2870: 2422:, President Bush, Prime Minister 2337:United Nations Special Commission 1621:Executive Office of the President 1072: 1017:Inauguration of George H. W. Bush 11813:Republican Governors Association 10352:2020 (Charlotte/other locations) 9502: 9493: 9492: 8829: 8828: 8168:Director of Central Intelligence 8040:Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 7834:Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 6884: 6871: 6844: 6824: 6815: 6806: 6797: 6772: 6746: 6697: 6648: 6538: 6490: 6463: 6437: 6415:"Where Is the Real George Bush?" 6406: 6380: 6354: 6338: 6322: 6313: 6285: 6259: 6232: 6223: 6197: 6172: 6163: 6154: 6128: 6106: 6097: 6088: 6079: 6070: 6061: 6052: 6043: 6034: 5998: 5976: 5938: 5929: 5904: 5879: 5791: 5769: 5617: 5608: 5582: 5556: 5530: 5504: 5478: 5452: 5365: 5297: 5244: 5201: 5158: 5149: 5120: 5097: 5071: 5050: 5041: 5032: 5023: 4939: 4930: 4906: 4894: 4833: 4807: 4781: 4772: 3441: 3427: 3413: 3399: 3385: 3325:Evaluation of his foreign policy 2974:immigration to the United States 1907:United States invasion of Panama 1892:United States invasion of Panama 1826:Bush made 26 international trips 1703: 750: 580: 574: 178: 142: 18:George H. W. Bush administration 12002:Presidency of George H. W. Bush 8877:Presidents of the United States 7465:Presidency of George H. W. Bush 7424:Presidency of George H. W. Bush 6900: 6447:. Askoxford.com. Archived from 6268:"Downside of the Reagan Legacy" 6266:Lazarus, David (June 9, 2004). 6008:, p. 887, New York: McGraw-Hill 4759: 4738: 4721: 4690:International Studies Quarterly 4682: 4656: 4613: 4567: 4544: 4535: 4526: 4517: 4508: 4499: 4490: 4481: 4455: 4446: 4437: 4411: 4402: 4381: 4372: 4363: 4354: 4345: 4336: 4327: 4311: 4302: 4281: 4272: 4263: 4254: 4245: 4236: 4227: 4177: 4168: 4135: 4126: 4117: 4090: 4068: 4055: 4042: 4016: 4007: 3984: 3926: 3917: 3857: 3848: 3839: 3830: 3821: 3800: 3791: 3782: 3773: 3743: 3709: 3694: 3685: 3660: 3651: 3642: 3633: 3624: 3474: 2765: 2247:United Nations Security Council 2055:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 2049:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 1781:United States courts of appeals 1764: 1742:in the Senate, as well as from 1633:Office of Management and Budget 1588:, who had previously served as 1010: 696:, overcoming the reluctance of 65:Presidency of George H. W. Bush 37:For a chronological guide, see 11906:Republican Majority for Choice 11734:Steering and Policy Committees 7892:Stewardship Incentives Program 7282:Presidential Studies Quarterly 7264:Presidential Studies Quarterly 6943:Presidential Studies Quarterly 6857:. PublicAffairs. p. 261. 6346:Presidential Studies Quarterly 5104:Bush, George (June 26, 1990). 4319:Presidential Studies Quarterly 4193:Bush, George (June 29, 1990). 3701:Silver, Nate (July 18, 2013). 3615: 3606: 3575: 3549: 3540: 3531: 3493: 3028:to aid local law enforcement. 2830: 2497: 645:for two terms under President 627:president of the United States 13: 1: 11971:International Democracy Union 7202:. Columbia University Press. 7198:Rossinow, Douglas C. (2015). 6983:The Presidency of George Bush 5439:The Christian Science Monitor 3965:Levine, Dan (April 6, 2011). 3715:Patterson (2005), pp. 224–225 3487: 3177:Democratic Leadership Council 2861:League of Conservation Voters 2353:China–United States relations 2125:President of the Soviet Union 1785:United States district courts 1608:, and Secretary of Education 1488:Secretary of Veterans Affairs 724:, which created a trilateral 8492:Saturday Night Live parodies 8428:"Read my lips: no new taxes" 8423:"a thousand points of light" 6981:Greene, John Robert (2015). 6657:"Poll: Clinton Legacy Mixed" 4360:Greene, pp. 150–151, 154–155 3094:1992 United States elections 2979:Bush became a member of the 2905:Resolution Trust Corporation 2901:Office of Thrift Supervision 2734: 2378:in what became known as the 2101:proclamation of independence 1940:Map showing the division of 1886:Panama: Operation Just Cause 1801:federal appellate judgeships 767:1988 United States elections 290:Reagan assassination attempt 32:Presidency of George W. Bush 7: 11853:Republican Jewish Coalition 11768:Republican Governance Group 8592:41: A Portrait of My Father 7922:National Climate Assessment 7150:. Oxford University Press. 7011:Herring, George C. (2008). 6989:, a major scholarly survey. 6835:Strategic Studies Quarterly 6272:The San Francisco Chronicle 4925:Real Gross Domestic Product 4551:National Security Archive. 3996:September 30, 2011, at the 3378: 3018:Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 2153: 1983:, while the governments of 1407:Secretary of Transportation 995:in 1929. In the concurrent 866:of New York, and Christian 803:, and Vice President-elect 704:which invaded and defeated 304:Vice presidential campaigns 10: 12088: 12052:1990s in American politics 12047:1980s in American politics 12042:1990s in the United States 12037:1980s in the United States 11773:Republican Study Committee 8515:Supermarket scanner moment 8230:George H. W. Bush Monument 7627:Presidential proclamations 7304:George Herbert Walker Bush 7075:. New York: Random House. 6904: 6881:(Boston, 1993), pp 470–72. 6659:. ABC News. Archived from 5886:Carter, Gregg Lee (2002). 4103:. Greenwood. p. 146. 3091: 3077: 3074:1992 presidential election 3035: 3031: 2934: 2883: 2678:savings and loans industry 2493: 2407: 2359:People's Republic of China 2350: 2157: 2052: 1929: 1889: 1814: 1805:Senate Judiciary Committee 1768: 1722:, to replace liberal icon 1707: 1681:Counselor to the President 1578:White House Chief of Staff 1547:Counselor to the President 1076: 1014: 845:1980 presidential election 764: 754: 737:pledged to not raise taxes 663:1992 presidential election 659:1988 presidential election 36: 29: 11948: 11911:Republican Liberty Caucus 11891: 11821: 11783: 11714: 11703: 11658: 11397: 11383: 11323: 10954: 10945: 10736: 10539: 10402: 9598: 9558: 9488: 9360: 8883: 8795: 8777:(great-great-grandfather) 8639: 8610: 8481: 8383: 8323: 8302: 8281: 8272: 8240:Bush School of Government 8198: 8143: 8077: 8017:Oil Pollution Act of 1990 7850:Energy Policy Act of 1992 7790: 7696: 7654:Joint session of Congress 7548:White House horseshoe pit 7472: 7144:Patterson, James (2005). 7111:Naftali, Timothy (2007). 7089:Medhurst, Martin J., ed. 6923:Congressional Quarterly. 6534:. University of Virginia. 5865:. John Wiley & Sons. 5859:Feldman, Richard (2011). 5682:Chronicle of Philanthropy 3165:1992 Democratic primaries 3145:1992 Republican primaries 2853:Oil Pollution Act of 1990 2816:employment discrimination 2635: 2453:Carlos Salinas de Gortari 2380:Tiananmen Square Massacre 1649:National Security Council 1641:National Security Advisor 1623:. New Hampshire Governor 1545: 1541: 1522: 1507:Director of the Office of 1501: 1482: 1455: 1451: 1432: 1405: 1401: 1380: 1359: 1332: 1328: 1301: 1297: 1270: 1266: 1253:Secretary of the Interior 1247: 1220: 1216: 1197: 1184:Secretary of the Treasury 1178: 1151: 1147: 1128: 1109: 1093: 825:1980 Republican primaries 243:Bush School of Government 158: 138: 118: 106: 96: 86: 74: 61: 57: 48: 11681:Northern Mariana Islands 8093:Clinton administration → 7906:Wetlands Reserve Program 7827:Civil Rights Act of 1991 7597:Supreme Court candidates 7429:templates for discussion 7175:Podhoretz, John (1993). 6985:(2nd ed. UP of Kansas). 6936:Diplomacy and Statecraft 5707:Edward, Deborah (2008). 5310:October 23, 1990, Print. 4378:Greene, pp. 146–147, 159 3499:Greene (2015), pp. 20–24 3467: 2987:as "jack-booted thugs". 2943:thousand points of light 2825:Civil Rights Act of 1991 2820:Civil Rights Act of 1990 2787:Civil Rights Act of 1964 2760:No Child Left Behind Act 2660:Federal Reserve Chairman 2457:Progressive Conservative 2403: 2372:People's Liberation Army 2346: 2226:multi-national coalition 2224:on Iraq and assembled a 2189:Under the leadership of 2185:Iraqi invasion of Kuwait 2119:, and Russian president 1958:Soviet General Secretary 1926:Fall of the Eastern Bloc 1799:, as 11 nominees for 10 1783:, and 148 judges to the 1386:Secretary of Housing and 1272:Secretary of Agriculture 1001:House of Representatives 894:thousand points of light 690:reunification of Germany 684:. After the fall of the 406:Thousand points of light 187:This article is part of 8739:Nancy Walker Bush Ellis 8537:The Silence of the Hams 8220:Death and state funeral 8084:← Reagan administration 7954:Immigration Act of 1990 7737:Chemical Weapons Accord 6851:David Rothkopf (2009). 6837:(2015) 9#2 pp. 142–147 6299:The Wall Street Journal 5848:(subscription required) 4097:Stewart Brewer (2006). 3991:Congressional Chronicle 3355:more important role of 3338:David Rothkopf argues: 2970:Immigration Act of 1990 2913:Senate Ethics Committee 2886:Savings and loan crisis 2880:Savings and loan crisis 2460:Canadian Prime Minister 2207:U.S. had supported Iraq 2201:in 1980, beginning the 1365:Secretary of Health and 997:congressional elections 813:White House Rose Garden 11763:Problem Solvers Caucus 8975:William Henry Harrison 8413:running mate selection 8003:National Space Council 7899:USDA Rural Development 7751:1991 Madrid Conference 7322:Wilentz, Sean (2008). 7272:Vanhoonacker, Sophie. 7164:Perotti, Rosanna, ed. 7058:Maynard, Christopher. 6368:. UK. January 22, 2009 6229:Patterson, pp. 252–253 6085:Patterson, pp. 247–248 6076:Patterson, pp. 251–252 5271:"The Disabilities Act" 5250:Patterson, pp. 239–240 5198:Patterson, pp. 238–239 5047:Patterson, pp. 228–229 4487:Patterson, pp. 235–236 4434:Patterson, pp. 233–235 4399:Patterson, pp. 232–233 4321:34.1 (2004): 113–131. 4299:Patterson, pp. 230–232 4087:Patterson, pp. 226–227 3932:Patterson, pp. 243–244 3376: 3288: 3244: 3127: 3115: 2923:, the chairman of the 2865:auto-mileage standards 2857:Exxon Valdez oil spill 2778: 2647:recession in late 1982 2439: 2291: 2258:Operation Desert Storm 2242:Norman Schwarzkopf Jr. 2181: 2173: 2076: 1953: 1845: 1829: 1740:faced heavy opposition 1673:Exxon Valdez oil spill 1457:Secretary of Education 1088: 1070: 1061: 1034: 816: 784: 733:federal budget deficit 487:Presidential campaigns 421:Operation Restore Hope 11848:Log Cabin Republicans 9205:Franklin D. Roosevelt 8763:George Herbert Walker 8667:Pauline Robinson Bush 8210:Walker's Point Estate 7878:Forest Legacy Program 7583:Judicial appointments 7106:online free to borrow 7069:Meacham, Jon (2015). 7003:Henriksen, Thomas H. 6987:online free to borrow 6957:online free to borrow 6905:Further information: 6292:WSJ Research (2015). 6040:Waterman, pp. 337–338 6004:Brinkley, A. (2009). 5725:on September 21, 2013 5038:Waterman, pp. 340–341 5029:Waterman, pp. 338–340 4692:45.3 (2001): 433–454 4463:"A World Transformed" 4421:. September 11, 1990. 3371: 3286: 3278:early 1990s recession 3238: 3231:Evaluation and legacy 3225:Seymour Martin Lipset 3121: 3109: 3092:Further information: 2884:Further information: 2802:, had struggled with 2791:Lowell P. Weicker Jr. 2773: 2672:, spawned during the 2472:In 1991, Bush sought 2417: 2273: 2179: 2167: 2158:Further information: 2066: 2053:Further information: 1939: 1930:Further information: 1835: 1824: 1769:Further information: 1699:Judicial appointments 1639:was appointed as the 1509:Management and Budget 1303:Secretary of Commerce 1086: 1065: 1051: 1031:United States Capitol 1024: 916:little-known Senator 879:New Hampshire primary 827:. He was defeated by 790: 782: 765:Further information: 682:U.S.–Soviet relations 273:Reagan administration 151:Seal of the president 11878:Republicans Overseas 11868:Teen Age Republicans 11671:District of Columbia 10072:1964 (San Francisco) 10032:1956 (San Francisco) 9568:National Union Party 9225:Dwight D. Eisenhower 8506:Presidential Reunion 8225:Presidential Library 8031:Truth in Savings Act 7982:Lead and Copper Rule 7857:FDIC Improvement Act 7707:Soviet Union summits 7555:Presidential pardons 7301:Wicker, Tom (2004). 6965:34.1 (2010): 25–46. 6945:40.1 (2010): 57–75. 6938:7.1 (1996): 197–220. 6913:Barilleaux, Ryan J. 6890:Andrew J. Bacevich, 6058:Greene, pp. 210, 217 5596:. September 30, 1992 5570:. September 25, 1992 5544:. September 23, 1992 5518:. September 23, 1992 5127:Heclo, Hugh (2014). 4619:Wilentz, pp. 313–314 4591:Spence, Jonathan D. 4532:Herring, pp. 901–904 4505:Herring, pp. 911–912 4333:Herring, pp. 908–909 4269:Naftali, pp. 137–138 4260:Herring, pp. 913–914 4233:Herring, pp. 906–907 4153:Herring, pp. 904–906 4052:(2008). pp 899–925. 3878:United States Senate 3449:United States portal 3126:on November 18, 1992 2990:In the 1989 case of 2712:fiscal conservatives 2444:free trade agreement 2333:rose against Hussein 2252:United Arab Emirates 1685:Lawrence Eagleburger 1533:Carla Anderson Hills 1203:Secretary of Defense 1170:Lawrence Eagleburger 1045:and the collapse of 898:Pledge of Allegiance 391:Presidential library 11831:College Republicans 10252:2000 (Philadelphia) 9992:1948 (Philadelphia) 9952:1940 (Philadelphia) 9769:1900 (Philadelphia) 9678:1872 (Philadelphia) 9626:1856 (Philadelphia) 9578:Fourth Party System 9155:William Howard Taft 9075:Rutherford B. Hayes 8787:Sully (service dog) 8771:(great-grandfather) 8733:Dorothy Walker Bush 8621:A World Transformed 8184:U.S. Representative 8054:1992 VRA Amendments 8047:Ryan White CARE Act 7562:International trips 7362:A World Transformed 7248:. Broadside Books. 6821:Greene, pp. 108–110 6812:Greene, pp. 258–259 6803:Greene, pp. 255–256 6572:American Experience 6568:"George H. W. Bush" 6451:on February 4, 2003 6319:Greene, pp. 230–234 6169:Greene, pp. 225–226 6094:Greene, pp. 224–225 6067:Greene, pp. 216–217 5688:on October 19, 2010 5594:The Washington Post 5490:The Washington Post 5388:. November 16, 1990 5308:The Washington Post 5155:Greene, pp. 104–106 5084:The Washington Post 5068:Greene, pp. 100–104 4841:"Historical Tables" 4815:"Historical Tables" 4789:"Historical Tables" 4631:Greene, pp. 222–223 4593:Kissinger and China 4523:Greene, pp. 114–116 4408:Greene, pp. 160–161 4387:Greene, pp. 149–151 4369:Greene, pp. 151–154 4342:Greene, pp. 144–145 4308:Greene, pp. 139–141 4287:Greene, pp. 238–239 4278:Greene, pp. 205–206 4251:Greene, pp. 120–121 4242:Greene, pp. 134–137 4174:Greene, pp. 119–120 4165:Greene, pp. 122–123 4132:Greene, pp. 110–112 4065:(Greenwood, 2002) . 4048:George C. Herring, 3863:Greene, pp. 200–202 3729:"George H. W. Bush" 3421:Conservatism portal 3064:Independent Counsel 3052:Robert C. McFarlane 3003:Flag Protection Act 2855:in response to the 2500: 2106:Chicken Kiev speech 1932:Revolutions of 1989 1921:End of the Cold War 1861:Hussein from power. 1840:and Chief of Staff 1604:, Attorney General 1438:Secretary of Energy 1033:, January 20, 1989. 821:Director of the CIA 815:on November 9, 1988 791:Outgoing President 431:International trips 283:second inauguration 11863:Republicans Abroad 11728:Legislative Digest 10192:1988 (New Orleans) 10132:1976 (Kansas City) 10112:1972 (Miami Beach) 10092:1968 (Miami Beach) 9892:1928 (Kansas City) 9756:1896 (Saint Louis) 9743:1892 (Minneapolis) 9588:Sixth Party System 9583:Fifth Party System 9573:Third Party System 9145:Theodore Roosevelt 8751:William H. T. Bush 8697:Barbara Bush Coyne 7781:NAFTA negotiations 7772:Unified Task Force 7730:Invasion of Panama 7636:Clinton transition 7276:(Routledge, 2017). 7218:Smith, Jean Edward 7045:(Greenwood, 2004). 6963:Diplomatic History 6704:Paul Steinhauser. 6634:The New York Times 6598:"Maybe I'm Amazed" 6425:on January 8, 2010 6394:. November 1, 1998 6332:26.1 (1993): 7–16 6245:The New York Times 6210:The New York Times 6141:The New York Times 5757:on October 4, 2018 5626:"The Keating Five" 5614:Greene, pp. 97–100 5568:The New York Times 5516:The New York Times 5464:The New York Times 5326:The New York Times 4984:The New York Times 4183:Naftali, pp. 91–93 4123:Naftali, pp. 67–68 3836:Naftali, pp. 66–67 3779:Naftali, pp. 69–70 3757:on April 20, 2004. 3705:. FiveThirtyEight. 3639:Greene, pp. 39, 47 3562:The New York Times 3289: 3245: 3128: 3116: 3044:Iran–Contra affair 2841:George J. Mitchell 2779: 2498: 2440: 2305:peacekeeping force 2292: 2290:, January 15, 1991 2222:economic sanctions 2182: 2174: 2077: 1954: 1846: 1830: 1645:Iran–Contra affair 1334:Secretary of Labor 1153:Secretary of State 1089: 1035: 906:capital punishment 817: 785: 720:. Bush signed the 641:and the incumbent 411:Invasion of Panama 278:first inauguration 12012:George H. W. Bush 11989: 11988: 11944: 11943: 11873:Young Republicans 11741:Senate Conference 11699: 11698: 11379: 11378: 9691:1876 (Cincinnati) 9516: 9515: 9295:George H. W. Bush 9245:Lyndon B. Johnson 9175:Warren G. Harding 9115:Benjamin Harrison 9095:Chester A. Arthur 9085:James A. Garfield 8945:John Quincy Adams 8895:George Washington 8843: 8842: 8691:Dorothy Bush Koch 8600:Destiny and Power 8584:Family of Secrets 8576:Bad for Democracy 8545:Two Bad Neighbors 8509:(2010 short film) 8477: 8476: 8324:Vice Presidential 8137:George H. W. Bush 8103: 8102: 7841:Acid Rain Program 7692: 7691: 7676:1992 SOTU Address 7669:1991 SOTU Address 7662:1990 SOTU Address 7613:Executive actions 7541:Broccoli comments 7534:Vomiting incident 7370:Gates, Robert M. 7335:978-0-06-074480-9 7328:. HarperCollins. 7325:The Age of Reagan 7307:. Lipper/Viking. 7266:(1995): 697–710. 7255:978-0-06-238428-7 7223:George Bush's War 7126:978-0-8050-6966-2 7115:George H. W. Bush 7082:978-1-4000-6765-7 7024:978-0-19-507822-0 6927:(CQ Press, 1993) 6841:, quoting p. 144. 6604:. April 1, 2001. 6578:on April 30, 2009 6483:978-1-4391-4815-0 6348:(1995): 697–710. 6160:Patterson, p. 251 6103:Patterson, p. 252 6049:Patterson, p. 246 5964:on April 21, 2008 5944:Greene, pp. 86–90 5935:Greene, pp. 74–76 5922:978-1-56324-994-5 5897:978-1-57607-268-4 5872:978-1-118-13100-8 5542:Los Angeles Times 5371:Greene, pp. 92–94 5294:Greene, pp. 79–80 5259:Greene, pp. 90–92 5241:Greene, pp. 83–86 5142:978-0-8014-7927-4 5056:Greene, pp. 95–97 4953:Los Angeles Times 4936:Patterson, p. 247 4756:Greene, pp. 72–73 4744:Patterson, p. 238 4670:on April 20, 2008 4644:. Federal Express 4514:Patterson, p. 236 4496:Patterson, p. 237 4351:Patterson, p. 233 4076:Destiny and Power 4013:Patterson, p. 242 3923:Greene, pp. 81–82 3845:Greene, pp. 58–60 3818:Patterson, p. 232 3806:Greene, pp. 58–59 3797:Greene, pp. 55–56 3788:Greene, pp. 56–57 3770:Greene, pp. 53–55 3731:. The White House 3657:Greene, pp. 47–49 3648:Greene, pp. 44–46 3630:Greene, pp. 37–39 3621:Greene, pp. 40–41 3581:Greene, pp. 35–37 3546:Greene, pp. 30–31 3537:Greene, pp. 27–30 3348:Michael Beschloss 3298:John Quincy Adams 3167:. Former Senator 3048:Caspar Weinberger 2964:Other initiatives 2651:recession in 1990 2643: 2642: 2428:Jaime Serra Puche 2234:Margaret Thatcher 2069:Mikhail Gorbachev 2059:Post–Cold War era 2001:Brezhnev Doctrine 1961:Mikhail Gorbachev 1948:until 1990, with 1744:pro-choice groups 1732:Thurgood Marshall 1669:Samuel K. Skinner 1602:Nicholas F. Brady 1570: 1569: 1412:Samuel K. Skinner 1388:Urban Development 1372:Louis W. Sullivan 1189:Nicholas F. Brady 1120:George H. W. Bush 1027:William Rehnquist 981:Electoral College 902:prayer in schools 850:Bush entered the 708:after it invaded 700:. He also led an 680:and a new era of 622:'s tenure as the 620:George H. W. Bush 617: 616: 223:Electoral history 204: 203: 196:George H. W. Bush 169: 168: 16:(Redirected from 12079: 11746:Policy Committee 11722:House Conference 11712: 11711: 11395: 11394: 10952: 10951: 10372:2024 (Milwaukee) 10332:2016 (Cleveland) 10232:1996 (San Diego) 9932:1936 (Cleveland) 9872:1924 (Cleveland) 9652:1864 (Baltimore) 9552: 9551:Republican Party 9543: 9536: 9529: 9520: 9519: 9506: 9505: 9496: 9495: 9135:William McKinley 9125:Grover Cleveland 9105:Grover Cleveland 9065:Ulysses S. Grant 9015:Millard Fillmore 8965:Martin Van Buren 8915:Thomas Jefferson 8870: 8863: 8856: 8847: 8846: 8832: 8831: 8816:← Walter Mondale 8769:James Smith Bush 8703:Jenna Bush Hager 8568:George H.W. Bush 8499:The X-Presidents 8279: 8278: 8262:George H.W. Bush 8235:Medal of Freedom 8191: 8179: 8171: 8163: 8152: 8130: 8123: 8116: 8107: 8106: 8096: 8087: 8070: 8063: 8056: 8049: 8042: 8033: 8026: 8019: 8012: 8005: 7998: 7991: 7984: 7977: 7970: 7963: 7956: 7947: 7940: 7931: 7924: 7917: 7908: 7901: 7894: 7887: 7880: 7873: 7866: 7859: 7852: 7843: 7836: 7829: 7822: 7815: 7808: 7801: 7783: 7774: 7767: 7765:Somali Civil War 7760: 7753: 7746: 7739: 7732: 7723: 7716: 7709: 7685: 7678: 7671: 7664: 7657: 7643: 7642: 7638: 7629: 7622: 7620:Executive orders 7615: 7606: 7599: 7592: 7585: 7578: 7571: 7569:Oval Office desk 7564: 7557: 7550: 7543: 7536: 7527: 7520: 7513: 7506: 7499: 7492: 7485: 7458: 7451: 7444: 7435: 7434: 7350:Baker, James A. 7339: 7318: 7297: 7259: 7237: 7213: 7194: 7182: 7161: 7130: 7118: 7086: 7031:Holzer, Harold. 7028: 6951:Duffy, Michael. 6895: 6888: 6882: 6875: 6869: 6868: 6848: 6842: 6828: 6822: 6819: 6813: 6810: 6804: 6801: 6795: 6794: 6792: 6790: 6776: 6770: 6769: 6767: 6765: 6750: 6744: 6743: 6741: 6739: 6724: 6718: 6717: 6715: 6713: 6701: 6695: 6694: 6692: 6690: 6679: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6663:on April 1, 2008 6652: 6646: 6645: 6643: 6641: 6624: 6618: 6617: 6615: 6613: 6594: 6588: 6587: 6585: 6583: 6564: 6558: 6557: 6555: 6553: 6542: 6536: 6535: 6523: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6509: 6494: 6488: 6487: 6467: 6461: 6460: 6458: 6456: 6441: 6435: 6434: 6432: 6430: 6421:. Archived from 6410: 6404: 6403: 6401: 6399: 6384: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6373: 6358: 6352: 6342: 6336: 6326: 6320: 6317: 6311: 6310: 6308: 6306: 6289: 6283: 6282: 6280: 6278: 6263: 6257: 6256: 6254: 6252: 6236: 6230: 6227: 6221: 6220: 6218: 6216: 6201: 6195: 6194: 6192: 6190: 6176: 6170: 6167: 6161: 6158: 6152: 6151: 6149: 6147: 6132: 6126: 6125: 6123: 6121: 6114:"The Perot Vote" 6110: 6104: 6101: 6095: 6092: 6086: 6083: 6077: 6074: 6068: 6065: 6059: 6056: 6050: 6047: 6041: 6038: 6032: 6031: 6029: 6027: 6015: 6009: 6002: 5996: 5995: 5993: 5991: 5980: 5974: 5973: 5971: 5969: 5954: 5945: 5942: 5936: 5933: 5927: 5926: 5908: 5902: 5901: 5883: 5877: 5876: 5856: 5850: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5842: 5828: 5820: 5811: 5795: 5789: 5773: 5767: 5766: 5764: 5762: 5756: 5749: 5741: 5735: 5734: 5732: 5730: 5724: 5718:. Archived from 5713: 5704: 5698: 5697: 5695: 5693: 5684:. Archived from 5673: 5667: 5666: 5657: 5648: 5647: 5645: 5643: 5621: 5615: 5612: 5606: 5605: 5603: 5601: 5586: 5580: 5579: 5577: 5575: 5560: 5554: 5553: 5551: 5549: 5534: 5528: 5527: 5525: 5523: 5508: 5502: 5501: 5499: 5497: 5482: 5476: 5475: 5473: 5471: 5456: 5450: 5449: 5447: 5445: 5430: 5424: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5404: 5398: 5397: 5395: 5393: 5378: 5372: 5369: 5363: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5343: 5337: 5336: 5334: 5332: 5317: 5311: 5301: 5295: 5292: 5283: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5266: 5260: 5257: 5251: 5248: 5242: 5239: 5230: 5229: 5205: 5199: 5196: 5187: 5186: 5162: 5156: 5153: 5147: 5146: 5124: 5118: 5117: 5115: 5113: 5101: 5095: 5094: 5092: 5090: 5075: 5069: 5066: 5057: 5054: 5048: 5045: 5039: 5036: 5030: 5027: 5021: 5020: 5018: 5016: 5005: 4996: 4995: 4993: 4991: 4974: 4965: 4964: 4962: 4960: 4943: 4937: 4934: 4928: 4922: 4916: 4910: 4904: 4898: 4892: 4889:Hartford Courant 4882: 4876: 4866: 4857: 4856: 4854: 4852: 4837: 4831: 4830: 4828: 4826: 4811: 4805: 4804: 4802: 4800: 4785: 4779: 4776: 4770: 4763: 4757: 4754: 4745: 4742: 4736: 4725: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4702: 4696: 4686: 4680: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4660: 4654: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4638: 4632: 4629: 4620: 4617: 4611: 4607:"My "Confession" 4603: 4597: 4588: 4582: 4571: 4565: 4564: 4562: 4560: 4548: 4542: 4539: 4533: 4530: 4524: 4521: 4515: 4512: 4506: 4503: 4497: 4494: 4488: 4485: 4479: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4459: 4453: 4452:Waterman, p. 337 4450: 4444: 4441: 4435: 4432: 4423: 4422: 4415: 4409: 4406: 4400: 4397: 4388: 4385: 4379: 4376: 4370: 4367: 4361: 4358: 4352: 4349: 4343: 4340: 4334: 4331: 4325: 4315: 4309: 4306: 4300: 4297: 4288: 4285: 4279: 4276: 4270: 4267: 4261: 4258: 4252: 4249: 4243: 4240: 4234: 4231: 4225: 4224: 4222: 4220: 4210:"Together Again" 4205: 4199: 4198: 4190: 4184: 4181: 4175: 4172: 4166: 4163: 4154: 4151: 4142: 4139: 4133: 4130: 4124: 4121: 4115: 4114: 4094: 4088: 4085: 4079: 4072: 4066: 4059: 4053: 4046: 4040: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4020: 4014: 4011: 4005: 4004:(March 7, 2000). 3988: 3982: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3962: 3956: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3939: 3933: 3930: 3924: 3921: 3915: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3898: 3889: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3870: 3864: 3861: 3855: 3852: 3846: 3843: 3837: 3834: 3828: 3825: 3819: 3816: 3807: 3804: 3798: 3795: 3789: 3786: 3780: 3777: 3771: 3768: 3759: 3758: 3747: 3741: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3725: 3716: 3713: 3707: 3706: 3698: 3692: 3689: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3664: 3658: 3655: 3649: 3646: 3640: 3637: 3631: 3628: 3622: 3619: 3613: 3610: 3604: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3588: 3582: 3579: 3573: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3553: 3547: 3544: 3538: 3535: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3518: 3509: 3500: 3497: 3481: 3478: 3451: 3446: 3445: 3444: 3437: 3432: 3431: 3423: 3418: 3417: 3416: 3409: 3404: 3403: 3395: 3390: 3389: 2993:Texas v. Johnson 2968:Bush signed the 2954:Hands On Network 2742:A Nation at Risk 2704:Dan Rostenkowski 2670:federal deficits 2526:Debt as a % 2501: 2485:Domestic affairs 2398:false confession 2316:Republican Guard 2274:Bush meets with 2170:Thanksgiving Day 2083:and annexed the 1793:Vaughn R. Walker 1443:James D. Watkins 1320:Barbara Franklin 1308:Robert Mosbacher 1258:Manuel Lujan Jr. 1222:Attorney General 1094:The Bush cabinet 1091: 1090: 989:Martin Van Buren 892:. Known as the " 631:his inauguration 609: 602: 595: 584: 583: 578: 200: 199: 197: 190: 182: 175: 174: 171: 170: 165: 164: 146: 68: 66: 53: 46: 45: 21: 12087: 12086: 12082: 12081: 12080: 12078: 12077: 12076: 11992: 11991: 11990: 11985: 11940: 11893: 11887: 11823: 11817: 11785: 11779: 11706: 11695: 11654: 11390: 11388: 11375: 11324:Chair elections 11319: 10941: 10840:D. B. Henderson 10828:T. J. Henderson 10753: 10750: 10748: 10743: 10739: 10732: 10550: 10547: 10545: 10542: 10535: 10408:administrations 10406: 10398: 10292:2008 (St. Paul) 10272:2004 (New York) 9617: 9614: 9612: 9608: 9605: 9601: 9594: 9554: 9550: 9547: 9517: 9512: 9484: 9410:F. D. Roosevelt 9362: 9356: 9355: 9354: 9235:John F. Kennedy 9215:Harry S. Truman 9185:Calvin Coolidge 9045:Abraham Lincoln 9025:Franklin Pierce 8885: 8879: 8874: 8844: 8839: 8801:← Ronald Reagan 8791: 8717:(granddaughter) 8705:(granddaughter) 8699:(granddaughter) 8635: 8606: 8473: 8379: 8319: 8298: 8268: 8215:Post-presidency 8200: 8194: 8182: 8174: 8166: 8155: 8147: 8139: 8134: 8104: 8099: 8090: 8081: 8073: 8066: 8059: 8052: 8045: 8038: 8029: 8022: 8015: 8008: 8001: 7994: 7987: 7980: 7975:JFK Records Act 7973: 7966: 7959: 7952: 7943: 7936: 7927: 7920: 7913: 7904: 7897: 7890: 7883: 7876: 7869: 7862: 7855: 7848: 7839: 7832: 7825: 7820:Cannabis policy 7818: 7811: 7804: 7797: 7791:Domestic policy 7786: 7779: 7770: 7763: 7758:New world order 7756: 7749: 7742: 7735: 7728: 7719: 7712: 7705: 7688: 7681: 7674: 7667: 7660: 7652: 7641: 7634: 7625: 7618: 7611: 7602: 7595: 7588: 7581: 7574: 7567: 7560: 7553: 7546: 7539: 7532: 7523: 7516: 7509: 7502: 7495: 7488: 7481: 7468: 7462: 7432: 7403: 7347: 7345:Primary sources 7342: 7336: 7315: 7256: 7242:Sununu, John H. 7234: 7210: 7191: 7158: 7127: 7119:. Times Books. 7100:Mervin, David. 7083: 7025: 6992:Han, Lori Cox. 6909: 6903: 6898: 6889: 6885: 6876: 6872: 6865: 6849: 6845: 6829: 6825: 6820: 6816: 6811: 6807: 6802: 6798: 6788: 6786: 6778: 6777: 6773: 6763: 6761: 6751: 6747: 6737: 6735: 6725: 6721: 6711: 6709: 6702: 6698: 6688: 6686: 6681: 6680: 6676: 6666: 6664: 6653: 6649: 6639: 6637: 6625: 6621: 6611: 6609: 6596: 6595: 6591: 6581: 6579: 6566: 6565: 6561: 6551: 6549: 6544: 6543: 6539: 6524: 6517: 6507: 6505: 6495: 6491: 6484: 6468: 6464: 6454: 6452: 6443: 6442: 6438: 6428: 6426: 6411: 6407: 6397: 6395: 6392:Foreign Affairs 6386: 6385: 6381: 6371: 6369: 6366:The Independent 6360: 6359: 6355: 6343: 6339: 6327: 6323: 6318: 6314: 6304: 6302: 6290: 6286: 6276: 6274: 6264: 6260: 6250: 6248: 6237: 6233: 6228: 6224: 6214: 6212: 6202: 6198: 6188: 6186: 6178: 6177: 6173: 6168: 6164: 6159: 6155: 6145: 6143: 6133: 6129: 6119: 6117: 6112: 6111: 6107: 6102: 6098: 6093: 6089: 6084: 6080: 6075: 6071: 6066: 6062: 6057: 6053: 6048: 6044: 6039: 6035: 6025: 6023: 6016: 6012: 6003: 5999: 5989: 5987: 5982: 5981: 5977: 5967: 5965: 5956: 5955: 5948: 5943: 5939: 5934: 5930: 5923: 5909: 5905: 5898: 5884: 5880: 5873: 5857: 5853: 5847: 5840: 5838: 5821: 5814: 5796: 5792: 5774: 5770: 5760: 5758: 5754: 5747: 5743: 5742: 5738: 5728: 5726: 5722: 5711: 5705: 5701: 5691: 5689: 5674: 5670: 5659: 5658: 5651: 5641: 5639: 5622: 5618: 5613: 5609: 5599: 5597: 5588: 5587: 5583: 5573: 5571: 5562: 5561: 5557: 5547: 5545: 5536: 5535: 5531: 5521: 5519: 5510: 5509: 5505: 5495: 5493: 5492:. June 30, 1990 5484: 5483: 5479: 5469: 5467: 5466:. June 30, 1990 5458: 5457: 5453: 5443: 5441: 5431: 5427: 5417: 5415: 5405: 5401: 5391: 5389: 5380: 5379: 5375: 5370: 5366: 5356: 5354: 5344: 5340: 5330: 5328: 5318: 5314: 5302: 5298: 5293: 5286: 5276: 5274: 5267: 5263: 5258: 5254: 5249: 5245: 5240: 5233: 5226: 5206: 5202: 5197: 5190: 5183: 5163: 5159: 5154: 5150: 5143: 5125: 5121: 5111: 5109: 5102: 5098: 5088: 5086: 5076: 5072: 5067: 5060: 5055: 5051: 5046: 5042: 5037: 5033: 5028: 5024: 5014: 5012: 5007: 5006: 4999: 4989: 4987: 4975: 4968: 4958: 4956: 4944: 4940: 4935: 4931: 4923: 4919: 4911: 4907: 4899: 4895: 4883: 4879: 4867: 4860: 4850: 4848: 4839: 4838: 4834: 4824: 4822: 4813: 4812: 4808: 4798: 4796: 4787: 4786: 4782: 4777: 4773: 4764: 4760: 4755: 4748: 4743: 4739: 4726: 4722: 4712: 4710: 4703: 4699: 4687: 4683: 4673: 4671: 4662: 4661: 4657: 4647: 4645: 4640: 4639: 4635: 4630: 4623: 4618: 4614: 4604: 4600: 4589: 4585: 4572: 4568: 4558: 4556: 4549: 4545: 4540: 4536: 4531: 4527: 4522: 4518: 4513: 4509: 4504: 4500: 4495: 4491: 4486: 4482: 4472: 4470: 4461: 4460: 4456: 4451: 4447: 4442: 4438: 4433: 4426: 4417: 4416: 4412: 4407: 4403: 4398: 4391: 4386: 4382: 4377: 4373: 4368: 4364: 4359: 4355: 4350: 4346: 4341: 4337: 4332: 4328: 4316: 4312: 4307: 4303: 4298: 4291: 4286: 4282: 4277: 4273: 4268: 4264: 4259: 4255: 4250: 4246: 4241: 4237: 4232: 4228: 4218: 4216: 4206: 4202: 4191: 4187: 4182: 4178: 4173: 4169: 4164: 4157: 4152: 4145: 4140: 4136: 4131: 4127: 4122: 4118: 4111: 4095: 4091: 4086: 4082: 4073: 4069: 4060: 4056: 4047: 4043: 4033: 4031: 4022: 4021: 4017: 4012: 4008: 3998:Wayback Machine 3989: 3985: 3975: 3973: 3963: 3959: 3949: 3947: 3940: 3936: 3931: 3927: 3922: 3918: 3908: 3906: 3899: 3892: 3882: 3880: 3872: 3871: 3867: 3862: 3858: 3853: 3849: 3844: 3840: 3835: 3831: 3826: 3822: 3817: 3810: 3805: 3801: 3796: 3792: 3787: 3783: 3778: 3774: 3769: 3762: 3749: 3748: 3744: 3734: 3732: 3727: 3726: 3719: 3714: 3710: 3699: 3695: 3690: 3686: 3676: 3674: 3666: 3665: 3661: 3656: 3652: 3647: 3643: 3638: 3634: 3629: 3625: 3620: 3616: 3611: 3607: 3597: 3595: 3590: 3589: 3585: 3580: 3576: 3566: 3564: 3554: 3550: 3545: 3541: 3536: 3532: 3522: 3520: 3516: 3510: 3503: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3485: 3484: 3479: 3475: 3470: 3447: 3442: 3440: 3435:Politics portal 3433: 3426: 3419: 3414: 3412: 3405: 3398: 3391: 3384: 3381: 3363:Andrew Bacevich 3327: 3233: 3210:Mountain States 3158:Christian right 3104: 3090: 3078:Main articles: 3076: 3040: 3034: 3010:William Bennett 3008:Bush appointed 2966: 2958:Points of Light 2939: 2937:Points of Light 2933: 2931:Points of Light 2921:Charles Keating 2888: 2882: 2873: 2859:. However, the 2833: 2774:Bush signs the 2768: 2737: 2720:"pay as you go" 2686: 2527: 2516: 2505: 2496: 2487: 2412: 2406: 2394:Henry Kissinger 2384:Brent Scowcroft 2355: 2349: 2260: 2187: 2162: 2156: 2073:Helsinki Summit 2061: 2051: 1934: 1928: 1923: 1915:Monroe Doctrine 1894: 1888: 1838:Brent Scowcroft 1819: 1813: 1811:Foreign affairs 1777: 1767: 1728:Clarence Thomas 1724:William Brennan 1712: 1706: 1701: 1677:Clayton Yeutter 1637:Brent Scowcroft 1606:Dick Thornburgh 1566:1992–1993 1562:Clayton Yeutter 1554:1989–1992 1537:1989–1993 1518:1989–1993 1508: 1497:1989–1992 1478:1991–1993 1474:Lamar Alexander 1466:1988–1990 1447:1989–1993 1428:1992–1993 1416:1989–1991 1397:1989–1993 1387: 1376:1989–1993 1366: 1355:1991–1993 1343:1989–1990 1324:1992–1993 1312:1989–1992 1293:1991–1993 1281:1989–1991 1277:Clayton Yeutter 1262:1989–1993 1243:1991–1993 1231:1988–1991 1227:Dick Thornburgh 1212:1989–1993 1193:1988–1993 1174:1992–1993 1162:1989–1992 1143:1989–1993 1124:1989–1993 1081: 1075: 1019: 1013: 966:prison furlough 946:Michael Dukakis 777: 763: 755:Main articles: 753: 655:Michael Dukakis 613: 581: 579: 572: 571: 570: 488: 484: 483: 482: 466: 462: 461: 460: 446: 442: 441: 440: 401: 397: 396: 395: 364: 360: 359: 358: 305: 301: 300: 299: 263: 259: 258: 257: 248:Points of Light 213: 209: 195: 193: 192: 191: 188: 186: 162:Library website 160: 159: 154: 153: 148: 147: 134: 133: 132: 126: 69: 64: 62: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12085: 12075: 12074: 12069: 12064: 12059: 12054: 12049: 12044: 12039: 12034: 12029: 12024: 12019: 12014: 12009: 12004: 11987: 11986: 11984: 11983: 11978: 11973: 11968: 11963: 11958: 11952: 11950: 11946: 11945: 11942: 11941: 11939: 11938: 11933: 11928: 11926:Liberty Caucus 11923: 11921:ConservAmerica 11918: 11913: 11908: 11903: 11897: 11895: 11889: 11888: 11886: 11885: 11880: 11875: 11870: 11865: 11860: 11855: 11850: 11845: 11840: 11839: 11838: 11827: 11825: 11819: 11818: 11816: 11815: 11810: 11805: 11800: 11795: 11789: 11787: 11781: 11780: 11778: 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10400: 10399: 10397: 10396: 10393:2028 (Houston) 10389: 10388: 10387: 10369: 10368: 10367: 10349: 10348: 10347: 10329: 10328: 10327: 10309: 10308: 10307: 10289: 10288: 10287: 10269: 10268: 10267: 10249: 10248: 10247: 10229: 10228: 10227: 10212:1992 (Houston) 10209: 10208: 10207: 10189: 10188: 10187: 10169: 10168: 10167: 10152:1980 (Detroit) 10149: 10148: 10147: 10129: 10128: 10127: 10109: 10108: 10107: 10089: 10088: 10087: 10069: 10068: 10067: 10052:1960 (Chicago) 10049: 10048: 10047: 10029: 10028: 10027: 10012:1952 (Chicago) 10009: 10008: 10007: 9989: 9988: 9987: 9972:1944 (Chicago) 9969: 9968: 9967: 9949: 9948: 9947: 9929: 9928: 9927: 9912:1932 (Chicago) 9909: 9908: 9907: 9889: 9888: 9887: 9869: 9868: 9867: 9852:1920 (Chicago) 9849: 9848: 9847: 9832:1916 (Chicago) 9829: 9828: 9827: 9808:1912 (Chicago) 9805: 9795:1908 (Chicago) 9792: 9782:1904 (Chicago) 9779: 9766: 9753: 9740: 9730:1888 (Chicago) 9727: 9717:1884 (Chicago) 9714: 9704:1880 (Chicago) 9701: 9688: 9675: 9665:1868 (Chicago) 9662: 9649: 9639:1860 (Chicago) 9636: 9622: 9620: 9596: 9595: 9593: 9592: 9591: 9590: 9585: 9580: 9575: 9570: 9559: 9556: 9555: 9546: 9545: 9538: 9531: 9523: 9514: 9513: 9511: 9510: 9500: 9489: 9486: 9485: 9483: 9482: 9477: 9472: 9467: 9462: 9457: 9452: 9447: 9442: 9437: 9432: 9427: 9422: 9417: 9412: 9407: 9402: 9397: 9392: 9387: 9382: 9377: 9372: 9366: 9364: 9358: 9357: 9353: 9352: 9342: 9332: 9322: 9315:George W. Bush 9312: 9302: 9292: 9282: 9272: 9262: 9252: 9242: 9232: 9222: 9212: 9202: 9195:Herbert Hoover 9192: 9182: 9172: 9165:Woodrow Wilson 9162: 9152: 9142: 9132: 9122: 9112: 9102: 9092: 9082: 9072: 9062: 9055:Andrew Johnson 9052: 9042: 9035:James Buchanan 9032: 9022: 9012: 9005:Zachary Taylor 9002: 8992: 8982: 8972: 8962: 8955:Andrew Jackson 8952: 8942: 8932: 8922: 8912: 8902: 8891: 8890: 8889: 8887: 8884:Presidents and 8881: 8880: 8873: 8872: 8865: 8858: 8850: 8841: 8840: 8838: 8837: 8824: 8823: 8818: 8812: 8811: 8808:Bill Clinton → 8804: 8796: 8793: 8792: 8790: 8789: 8784: 8778: 8772: 8766: 8760: 8757:Samuel P. Bush 8754: 8748: 8742: 8736: 8730: 8724: 8718: 8712: 8709:George P. Bush 8706: 8700: 8694: 8688: 8682: 8676: 8670: 8664: 8658: 8655:George W. Bush 8652: 8645: 8643: 8637: 8636: 8634: 8633: 8625: 8616: 8614: 8608: 8607: 8605: 8604: 8596: 8588: 8580: 8572: 8564: 8556: 8548: 8541: 8533: 8525: 8517: 8512: 8511: 8510: 8502: 8487: 8485: 8479: 8478: 8475: 8474: 8472: 8471: 8470: 8469: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8444: 8443: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8431: 8430: 8425: 8415: 8410: 8400: 8399: 8398: 8387: 8385: 8381: 8380: 8378: 8377: 8376: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8355: 8354: 8353: 8348: 8343: 8338: 8327: 8325: 8321: 8320: 8318: 8317: 8312: 8306: 8304: 8300: 8299: 8297: 8296: 8291: 8285: 8283: 8276: 8270: 8269: 8267: 8266: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8206: 8204: 8196: 8195: 8193: 8192: 8180: 8172: 8164: 8153: 8144: 8141: 8140: 8133: 8132: 8125: 8118: 8110: 8101: 8100: 8098: 8097: 8088: 8078: 8075: 8074: 8072: 8071: 8064: 8057: 8050: 8043: 8036: 8035: 8034: 8020: 8013: 8006: 7999: 7992: 7985: 7978: 7971: 7964: 7957: 7950: 7949: 7948: 7934: 7933: 7932: 7925: 7911: 7910: 7909: 7902: 7895: 7888: 7881: 7867: 7860: 7853: 7846: 7845: 7844: 7830: 7823: 7816: 7809: 7802: 7794: 7792: 7788: 7787: 7785: 7784: 7777: 7776: 7775: 7761: 7754: 7747: 7740: 7733: 7726: 7725: 7724: 7717: 7702: 7700: 7698:Foreign policy 7694: 7693: 7690: 7689: 7687: 7686: 7679: 7672: 7665: 7658: 7649: 7647: 7640: 7639: 7632: 7631: 7630: 7623: 7609: 7608: 7607: 7600: 7593: 7579: 7572: 7565: 7558: 7551: 7544: 7537: 7530: 7529: 7528: 7521: 7514: 7507: 7493: 7486: 7478: 7476: 7470: 7469: 7461: 7460: 7453: 7446: 7438: 7415: 7414: 7409: 7402: 7401:External links 7399: 7398: 7397: 7388: 7378: 7368: 7358: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7340: 7334: 7319: 7313: 7298: 7288:(2): 337–349. 7277: 7270: 7260: 7254: 7238: 7232: 7214: 7208: 7195: 7189: 7172: 7162: 7157:978-0195122169 7156: 7141: 7131: 7125: 7108: 7098: 7087: 7081: 7066: 7056: 7046: 7039: 7029: 7023: 7008: 7001: 6990: 6979: 6978:(3rd ed. 2002) 6968: 6959: 6949: 6939: 6932: 6921: 6910: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6896: 6883: 6870: 6863: 6843: 6823: 6814: 6805: 6796: 6771: 6759:New York Times 6745: 6719: 6696: 6674: 6647: 6619: 6589: 6559: 6537: 6515: 6503:Foreign Policy 6489: 6482: 6462: 6436: 6405: 6379: 6353: 6337: 6321: 6312: 6284: 6258: 6231: 6222: 6196: 6171: 6162: 6153: 6127: 6105: 6096: 6087: 6078: 6069: 6060: 6051: 6042: 6033: 6010: 5997: 5975: 5946: 5937: 5928: 5921: 5903: 5896: 5878: 5871: 5851: 5831:New York Times 5812: 5790: 5768: 5736: 5699: 5668: 5649: 5616: 5607: 5581: 5555: 5529: 5503: 5477: 5451: 5425: 5413:New York Times 5399: 5386:New York Times 5373: 5364: 5352:New York Times 5338: 5312: 5296: 5284: 5261: 5252: 5243: 5231: 5224: 5200: 5188: 5181: 5157: 5148: 5141: 5119: 5096: 5070: 5058: 5049: 5040: 5031: 5022: 4997: 4966: 4938: 4929: 4917: 4905: 4893: 4877: 4873:New York Times 4858: 4832: 4806: 4780: 4771: 4758: 4746: 4737: 4720: 4697: 4681: 4655: 4633: 4621: 4612: 4598: 4583: 4566: 4543: 4534: 4525: 4516: 4507: 4498: 4489: 4480: 4454: 4445: 4443:Greene, p. 165 4436: 4424: 4410: 4401: 4389: 4380: 4371: 4362: 4353: 4344: 4335: 4326: 4310: 4301: 4289: 4280: 4271: 4262: 4253: 4244: 4235: 4226: 4214:New York Times 4200: 4185: 4176: 4167: 4155: 4143: 4141:Greene, p. 119 4134: 4125: 4116: 4109: 4089: 4080: 4067: 4054: 4041: 4015: 4006: 3983: 3957: 3934: 3925: 3916: 3890: 3865: 3856: 3854:Greene, p. 129 3847: 3838: 3829: 3820: 3808: 3799: 3790: 3781: 3772: 3760: 3742: 3717: 3708: 3693: 3684: 3659: 3650: 3641: 3632: 3623: 3614: 3605: 3583: 3574: 3548: 3539: 3530: 3501: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3482: 3472: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3465: 3464: 3459: 3453: 3452: 3438: 3424: 3410: 3396: 3380: 3377: 3352:Strobe Talbott 3345: 3344: 3336: 3335: 3326: 3323: 3274:Saddam Hussein 3232: 3229: 3075: 3072: 3068:Lawrence Walsh 3056:Elliott Abrams 3036:Main article: 3033: 3030: 3026:National Guard 2965: 2962: 2935:Main article: 2932: 2929: 2881: 2878: 2872: 2871:Employee Leave 2869: 2849:sulfur dioxide 2832: 2829: 2767: 2764: 2747:magnet schools 2736: 2733: 2685: 2682: 2663:Alan Greenspan 2641: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2630: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2614: 2610: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2590: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2570: 2569: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2550: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2530: 2529: 2524: 2523:(in billions) 2518: 2513: 2510: 2507: 2495: 2492: 2486: 2483: 2463:Brian Mulroney 2436:Michael Wilson 2424:Brian Mulroney 2420:Carlos Salinas 2408:Main article: 2405: 2402: 2348: 2345: 2259: 2256: 2191:Saddam Hussein 2186: 2183: 2155: 2152: 2133:Fifteen states 2050: 2047: 1981:Czechoslovakia 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1898:Manuel Noriega 1890:Main article: 1887: 1884: 1883: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1842:John H. Sununu 1815:Main article: 1812: 1809: 1766: 1763: 1708:Main article: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1629:Richard Darman 1625:John H. Sununu 1598:Elizabeth Dole 1594:George W. Bush 1568: 1567: 1564: 1558: 1556: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1543: 1542: 1539: 1538: 1535: 1530: 1524: 1523: 1520: 1519: 1516: 1514:Richard Darman 1511: 1503: 1502: 1499: 1498: 1495: 1490: 1484: 1483: 1480: 1479: 1476: 1470: 1468: 1467: 1464: 1459: 1453: 1452: 1449: 1448: 1445: 1440: 1434: 1433: 1430: 1429: 1426: 1420: 1418: 1417: 1414: 1409: 1403: 1402: 1399: 1398: 1395: 1390: 1382: 1381: 1378: 1377: 1374: 1369: 1367:Human Services 1361: 1360: 1357: 1356: 1353: 1351:Lynn M. Martin 1347: 1345: 1344: 1341: 1339:Elizabeth Dole 1336: 1330: 1329: 1326: 1325: 1322: 1316: 1314: 1313: 1310: 1305: 1299: 1298: 1295: 1294: 1291: 1285: 1283: 1282: 1279: 1274: 1268: 1267: 1264: 1263: 1260: 1255: 1249: 1248: 1245: 1244: 1241: 1235: 1233: 1232: 1229: 1224: 1218: 1217: 1214: 1213: 1210: 1205: 1199: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1191: 1186: 1180: 1179: 1176: 1175: 1172: 1166: 1164: 1163: 1160: 1155: 1149: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1141: 1136: 1134:Vice President 1130: 1129: 1126: 1125: 1122: 1117: 1111: 1110: 1107: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1096: 1095: 1074: 1073:Administration 1071: 1025:Chief Justice 1015:Main article: 1012: 1009: 993:Herbert Hoover 970:revolving door 862:, Congressman 807:with his wife 795:with his wife 752: 749: 671:George W. Bush 643:vice president 615: 614: 612: 611: 604: 597: 589: 586: 585: 573: 569: 568: 567: 566: 561: 556: 551: 541: 540: 539: 534: 533: 532: 530:"No new taxes" 522: 517: 507: 506: 505: 500: 489: 486: 485: 481: 480: 479: 478: 471:Federal judges 467: 464: 463: 459: 458: 453: 447: 444: 443: 439: 438: 433: 428: 423: 418: 413: 408: 402: 399: 398: 394: 393: 388: 383: 378: 377: 376: 365: 362: 361: 357: 356: 355: 354: 349: 344: 334: 333: 332: 327: 322: 317: 306: 303: 302: 298: 297: 295:Foreign policy 292: 287: 286: 285: 280: 270: 264: 261: 260: 256: 255: 250: 245: 240: 235: 230: 225: 220: 214: 211: 210: 206: 205: 202: 201: 189:a series about 185: 183: 167: 166: 156: 155: 149: 141: 140: 139: 136: 135: 127: 121: 120: 119: 116: 115: 110: 104: 103: 98: 94: 93: 88: 84: 83: 76: 72: 71: 59: 58: 55: 54: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12084: 12073: 12070: 12068: 12065: 12063: 12060: 12058: 12055: 12053: 12050: 12048: 12045: 12043: 12040: 12038: 12035: 12033: 12030: 12028: 12025: 12023: 12020: 12018: 12015: 12013: 12010: 12008: 12005: 12003: 12000: 11999: 11997: 11982: 11979: 11977: 11974: 11972: 11969: 11967: 11964: 11962: 11959: 11957: 11954: 11953: 11951: 11947: 11937: 11936:The Wish List 11934: 11932: 11931:Ripon Society 11929: 11927: 11924: 11922: 11919: 11917: 11914: 11912: 11909: 11907: 11904: 11902: 11899: 11898: 11896: 11890: 11884: 11881: 11879: 11876: 11874: 11871: 11869: 11866: 11864: 11861: 11859: 11856: 11854: 11851: 11849: 11846: 11844: 11841: 11837: 11834: 11833: 11832: 11829: 11828: 11826: 11820: 11814: 11811: 11809: 11806: 11804: 11801: 11799: 11796: 11794: 11791: 11790: 11788: 11782: 11774: 11771: 11769: 11766: 11764: 11761: 11759: 11756: 11755: 11754: 11751: 11747: 11744: 11743: 11742: 11739: 11735: 11732: 11730: 11729: 11725: 11724: 11723: 11720: 11719: 11717: 11713: 11710: 11708: 11707:organizations 11702: 11692: 11689: 11687: 11684: 11682: 11679: 11677: 11674: 11672: 11669: 11667: 11664: 11663: 11661: 11657: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11643: 11641: 11640:West Virginia 11638: 11636: 11633: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11623: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11613: 11611: 11608: 11606: 11603: 11601: 11598: 11596: 11593: 11591: 11588: 11586: 11583: 11581: 11578: 11576: 11573: 11571: 11568: 11566: 11563: 11561: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11548: 11546: 11545:New Hampshire 11543: 11541: 11538: 11536: 11533: 11531: 11528: 11526: 11523: 11521: 11518: 11516: 11513: 11511: 11508: 11506: 11505:Massachusetts 11503: 11501: 11498: 11496: 11493: 11491: 11488: 11486: 11483: 11481: 11478: 11476: 11473: 11471: 11468: 11466: 11463: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11441: 11438: 11436: 11433: 11431: 11428: 11426: 11423: 11421: 11418: 11416: 11413: 11411: 11408: 11406: 11403: 11402: 11400: 11396: 11393: 11386: 11382: 11372: 11369: 11367: 11364: 11362: 11359: 11357: 11354: 11352: 11349: 11347: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11337: 11334: 11332: 11329: 11328: 11326: 11322: 11316: 11313: 11311: 11308: 11306: 11303: 11301: 11298: 11296: 11293: 11291: 11287: 11284: 11282: 11279: 11277: 11274: 11272: 11269: 11267: 11264: 11262: 11259: 11257: 11254: 11252: 11249: 11247: 11244: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11228: 11225: 11223: 11220: 11218: 11215: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11203: 11200: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11190: 11188: 11185: 11183: 11180: 11178: 11175: 11173: 11170: 11168: 11165: 11163: 11160: 11158: 11155: 11153: 11150: 11148: 11145: 11143: 11140: 11138: 11135: 11133: 11130: 11128: 11125: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11115: 11113: 11110: 11108: 11105: 11103: 11100: 11098: 11095: 11093: 11090: 11088: 11085: 11083: 11080: 11078: 11075: 11073: 11070: 11068: 11065: 11063: 11060: 11058: 11055: 11053: 11050: 11048: 11045: 11043: 11040: 11038: 11035: 11033: 11030: 11028: 11025: 11023: 11020: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10993: 10990: 10988: 10985: 10983: 10980: 10978: 10975: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10963: 10960: 10959: 10957: 10953: 10950: 10948: 10944: 10937: 10934: 10931: 10928: 10925: 10922: 10919: 10916: 10913: 10910: 10907: 10904: 10901: 10898: 10895: 10892: 10889: 10886: 10883: 10880: 10877: 10874: 10871: 10868: 10865: 10862: 10859: 10856: 10853: 10850: 10847: 10844: 10841: 10838: 10835: 10832: 10829: 10826: 10823: 10820: 10817: 10814: 10811: 10808: 10805: 10802: 10799: 10796: 10793: 10790: 10787: 10784: 10781: 10778: 10775: 10772: 10769: 10766: 10763: 10760: 10759: 10757: 10755: 10746: 10741: 10735: 10728: 10725: 10722: 10719: 10716: 10713: 10710: 10707: 10704: 10701: 10698: 10695: 10692: 10689: 10686: 10683: 10680: 10677: 10674: 10671: 10668: 10665: 10662: 10659: 10656: 10653: 10650: 10647: 10644: 10641: 10638: 10635: 10632: 10629: 10626: 10623: 10620: 10617: 10614: 10611: 10608: 10605: 10602: 10599: 10596: 10593: 10590: 10587: 10584: 10581: 10578: 10575: 10572: 10569: 10566: 10563: 10560: 10557: 10556: 10554: 10552: 10544: 10538: 10531: 10528: 10525: 10522: 10519: 10518:G. H. W. Bush 10516: 10513: 10510: 10507: 10504: 10501: 10498: 10495: 10492: 10489: 10486: 10483: 10480: 10477: 10474: 10471: 10468: 10465: 10462: 10459: 10456: 10453: 10450: 10447: 10444: 10441: 10438: 10435: 10432: 10429: 10426: 10423: 10420: 10417: 10414: 10413: 10411: 10409: 10405: 10401: 10395: 10394: 10390: 10386: 10383: 10382: 10381: 10377: 10373: 10370: 10366: 10363: 10362: 10361: 10357: 10353: 10350: 10346: 10343: 10342: 10341: 10337: 10333: 10330: 10326: 10323: 10322: 10321: 10317: 10313: 10310: 10306: 10303: 10302: 10301: 10297: 10293: 10290: 10286: 10283: 10282: 10281: 10277: 10273: 10270: 10266: 10263: 10262: 10261: 10257: 10253: 10250: 10246: 10243: 10242: 10241: 10237: 10233: 10230: 10226: 10223: 10222: 10221: 10217: 10216:G. H. W. Bush 10213: 10210: 10206: 10203: 10202: 10201: 10197: 10196:G. H. W. Bush 10193: 10190: 10186: 10183: 10182: 10181: 10180:G. H. W. Bush 10177: 10173: 10172:1984 (Dallas) 10170: 10166: 10163: 10162: 10161: 10160:G. H. W. Bush 10157: 10153: 10150: 10146: 10143: 10142: 10141: 10137: 10133: 10130: 10126: 10123: 10122: 10121: 10117: 10113: 10110: 10106: 10103: 10102: 10101: 10097: 10093: 10090: 10086: 10083: 10082: 10081: 10077: 10073: 10070: 10066: 10063: 10062: 10061: 10057: 10053: 10050: 10046: 10043: 10042: 10041: 10037: 10033: 10030: 10026: 10023: 10022: 10021: 10017: 10013: 10010: 10006: 10003: 10002: 10001: 9997: 9993: 9990: 9986: 9983: 9982: 9981: 9977: 9973: 9970: 9966: 9963: 9962: 9961: 9957: 9953: 9950: 9946: 9943: 9942: 9941: 9937: 9933: 9930: 9926: 9923: 9922: 9921: 9917: 9913: 9910: 9906: 9903: 9902: 9901: 9897: 9893: 9890: 9886: 9883: 9882: 9881: 9877: 9873: 9870: 9866: 9863: 9862: 9861: 9857: 9853: 9850: 9846: 9843: 9842: 9841: 9837: 9833: 9830: 9826: 9823: 9822: 9821: 9817: 9813: 9809: 9806: 9804: 9800: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9787: 9783: 9780: 9778: 9774: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9761: 9757: 9754: 9752: 9748: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9735: 9731: 9728: 9726: 9722: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9709: 9705: 9702: 9700: 9696: 9692: 9689: 9687: 9683: 9679: 9676: 9674: 9670: 9666: 9663: 9661: 9657: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9644: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9631: 9627: 9624: 9623: 9621: 9619: 9610: 9603: 9597: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9566: 9565: 9564: 9561: 9560: 9557: 9553: 9544: 9539: 9537: 9532: 9530: 9525: 9524: 9521: 9509: 9501: 9499: 9491: 9490: 9487: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9466: 9463: 9461: 9458: 9456: 9455:G. H. W. Bush 9453: 9451: 9448: 9446: 9443: 9441: 9438: 9436: 9433: 9431: 9430:L. B. Johnson 9428: 9426: 9423: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9401: 9398: 9396: 9393: 9391: 9388: 9386: 9383: 9381: 9378: 9376: 9373: 9371: 9368: 9367: 9365: 9359: 9350: 9346: 9343: 9340: 9336: 9333: 9330: 9326: 9323: 9320: 9316: 9313: 9310: 9306: 9303: 9300: 9296: 9293: 9290: 9286: 9285:Ronald Reagan 9283: 9280: 9276: 9273: 9270: 9266: 9263: 9260: 9256: 9255:Richard Nixon 9253: 9250: 9246: 9243: 9240: 9236: 9233: 9230: 9226: 9223: 9220: 9216: 9213: 9210: 9206: 9203: 9200: 9196: 9193: 9190: 9186: 9183: 9180: 9176: 9173: 9170: 9166: 9163: 9160: 9156: 9153: 9150: 9146: 9143: 9140: 9136: 9133: 9130: 9126: 9123: 9120: 9116: 9113: 9110: 9106: 9103: 9100: 9096: 9093: 9090: 9086: 9083: 9080: 9076: 9073: 9070: 9066: 9063: 9060: 9056: 9053: 9050: 9046: 9043: 9040: 9036: 9033: 9030: 9026: 9023: 9020: 9016: 9013: 9010: 9006: 9003: 9000: 8996: 8995:James K. Polk 8993: 8990: 8986: 8983: 8980: 8976: 8973: 8970: 8966: 8963: 8960: 8956: 8953: 8950: 8946: 8943: 8940: 8936: 8933: 8930: 8926: 8925:James Madison 8923: 8920: 8916: 8913: 8910: 8906: 8903: 8900: 8896: 8893: 8892: 8888: 8882: 8878: 8871: 8866: 8864: 8859: 8857: 8852: 8851: 8848: 8836: 8835: 8826: 8825: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8813: 8810: 8809: 8805: 8803: 8802: 8798: 8797: 8794: 8788: 8785: 8782: 8779: 8776: 8773: 8770: 8767: 8765:(grandfather) 8764: 8761: 8759:(grandfather) 8758: 8755: 8752: 8749: 8746: 8745:Jonathan Bush 8743: 8740: 8737: 8734: 8731: 8728: 8727:Prescott Bush 8725: 8722: 8719: 8716: 8713: 8710: 8707: 8704: 8701: 8698: 8695: 8692: 8689: 8686: 8683: 8680: 8677: 8674: 8671: 8668: 8665: 8662: 8659: 8656: 8653: 8650: 8647: 8646: 8644: 8642: 8638: 8631: 8630: 8626: 8623: 8622: 8618: 8617: 8615: 8613: 8609: 8602: 8601: 8597: 8594: 8593: 8589: 8586: 8585: 8581: 8578: 8577: 8573: 8570: 8569: 8565: 8562: 8561: 8557: 8554: 8553: 8549: 8546: 8542: 8539: 8538: 8534: 8531: 8530: 8526: 8523: 8522: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8508: 8507: 8503: 8501: 8500: 8496: 8495: 8494: 8493: 8489: 8488: 8486: 8484: 8480: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8449: 8448: 8447:1992 campaign 8445: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8420: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8405: 8404: 8403:1988 campaign 8401: 8397: 8394: 8393: 8392: 8391:1980 campaign 8389: 8388: 8386: 8382: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8360: 8359: 8358:1984 campaign 8356: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8342: 8339: 8337: 8334: 8333: 8332: 8331:1980 campaign 8329: 8328: 8326: 8322: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8307: 8305: 8301: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8286: 8284: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8271: 8265: 8263: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8207: 8205: 8203: 8197: 8189: 8185: 8181: 8177: 8173: 8169: 8165: 8161: 8158: 8154: 8150: 8146: 8145: 8142: 8138: 8131: 8126: 8124: 8119: 8117: 8112: 8111: 8108: 8095: 8094: 8089: 8086: 8085: 8080: 8079: 8076: 8069: 8065: 8062: 8058: 8055: 8051: 8048: 8044: 8041: 8037: 8032: 8028: 8027: 8025: 8021: 8018: 8014: 8011: 8007: 8004: 8000: 7997: 7993: 7990: 7986: 7983: 7979: 7976: 7972: 7969: 7965: 7962: 7958: 7955: 7951: 7946: 7942: 7941: 7939: 7935: 7930: 7926: 7923: 7919: 7918: 7916: 7912: 7907: 7903: 7900: 7896: 7893: 7889: 7886: 7882: 7879: 7875: 7874: 7872: 7868: 7865: 7861: 7858: 7854: 7851: 7847: 7842: 7838: 7837: 7835: 7831: 7828: 7824: 7821: 7817: 7814: 7810: 7807: 7803: 7800: 7796: 7795: 7793: 7789: 7782: 7778: 7773: 7769: 7768: 7766: 7762: 7759: 7755: 7752: 7748: 7745: 7741: 7738: 7734: 7731: 7727: 7722: 7718: 7715: 7711: 7710: 7708: 7704: 7703: 7701: 7699: 7695: 7684: 7680: 7677: 7673: 7670: 7666: 7663: 7659: 7655: 7651: 7650: 7648: 7644: 7637: 7633: 7628: 7624: 7621: 7617: 7616: 7614: 7610: 7605: 7604:controversies 7601: 7598: 7594: 7591: 7587: 7586: 7584: 7580: 7577: 7573: 7570: 7566: 7563: 7559: 7556: 7552: 7549: 7545: 7542: 7538: 7535: 7531: 7526: 7522: 7519: 7515: 7512: 7508: 7505: 7501: 7500: 7498: 7494: 7491: 7487: 7484: 7480: 7479: 7477: 7475: 7471: 7466: 7459: 7454: 7452: 7447: 7445: 7440: 7439: 7436: 7430: 7426: 7425: 7420: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7404: 7396: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7383: 7379: 7377: 7373: 7369: 7367: 7363: 7359: 7357: 7353: 7349: 7348: 7337: 7331: 7327: 7326: 7320: 7316: 7310: 7306: 7305: 7299: 7295: 7291: 7287: 7283: 7278: 7275: 7271: 7269: 7265: 7261: 7257: 7251: 7247: 7243: 7239: 7235: 7233:0-8050-1388-1 7229: 7225: 7224: 7219: 7215: 7211: 7209:9780231538657 7205: 7201: 7196: 7192: 7190:0-671-79648-8 7186: 7181: 7180: 7173: 7171: 7167: 7163: 7159: 7153: 7149: 7148: 7142: 7140: 7136: 7132: 7128: 7122: 7117: 7116: 7109: 7107: 7103: 7099: 7096: 7092: 7088: 7084: 7078: 7074: 7073: 7067: 7065: 7061: 7057: 7055: 7051: 7048:Mann, James. 7047: 7044: 7040: 7038: 7034: 7030: 7026: 7020: 7017:. Oxford UP. 7016: 7015: 7009: 7006: 7002: 6999: 6995: 6991: 6988: 6984: 6980: 6977: 6973: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6960: 6958: 6954: 6950: 6948: 6944: 6940: 6937: 6933: 6930: 6926: 6922: 6920: 6916: 6912: 6911: 6908: 6893: 6887: 6880: 6874: 6866: 6864:9780786736003 6860: 6856: 6855: 6847: 6840: 6836: 6833: 6827: 6818: 6809: 6800: 6785: 6781: 6775: 6760: 6756: 6749: 6734: 6730: 6723: 6707: 6700: 6684: 6678: 6662: 6658: 6651: 6636: 6635: 6630: 6623: 6607: 6603: 6599: 6593: 6577: 6573: 6569: 6563: 6547: 6541: 6533: 6532:Miller Center 6529: 6522: 6520: 6504: 6500: 6493: 6485: 6479: 6475: 6474: 6466: 6450: 6446: 6440: 6424: 6420: 6416: 6409: 6393: 6389: 6383: 6367: 6363: 6357: 6351: 6347: 6341: 6335: 6331: 6325: 6316: 6301: 6300: 6295: 6288: 6273: 6269: 6262: 6246: 6242: 6235: 6226: 6211: 6207: 6200: 6185: 6181: 6175: 6166: 6157: 6142: 6138: 6131: 6115: 6109: 6100: 6091: 6082: 6073: 6064: 6055: 6046: 6037: 6021: 6014: 6007: 6001: 5985: 5979: 5963: 5959: 5953: 5951: 5941: 5932: 5924: 5918: 5914: 5907: 5899: 5893: 5889: 5882: 5874: 5868: 5864: 5863: 5855: 5836: 5832: 5827: 5819: 5817: 5810: 5809:0-87766-550-8 5806: 5802: 5801: 5794: 5788: 5787:1-57356-148-7 5784: 5780: 5779: 5772: 5753: 5746: 5740: 5721: 5717: 5710: 5703: 5687: 5683: 5679: 5672: 5664: 5663: 5656: 5654: 5637: 5633: 5632: 5627: 5620: 5611: 5595: 5591: 5585: 5569: 5565: 5559: 5543: 5539: 5533: 5517: 5513: 5507: 5491: 5487: 5481: 5465: 5461: 5455: 5440: 5436: 5429: 5414: 5410: 5403: 5387: 5383: 5377: 5368: 5353: 5349: 5342: 5327: 5323: 5316: 5309: 5305: 5300: 5291: 5289: 5272: 5265: 5256: 5247: 5238: 5236: 5227: 5225:0-934540-90-X 5221: 5217: 5213: 5212: 5204: 5195: 5193: 5184: 5182:0-934540-90-X 5178: 5174: 5170: 5169: 5161: 5152: 5144: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5123: 5107: 5100: 5085: 5081: 5074: 5065: 5063: 5053: 5044: 5035: 5026: 5010: 5004: 5002: 4986: 4985: 4980: 4973: 4971: 4955: 4954: 4949: 4942: 4933: 4926: 4921: 4914: 4909: 4902: 4897: 4890: 4886: 4881: 4874: 4870: 4865: 4863: 4846: 4842: 4836: 4820: 4816: 4810: 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3612:Greene, p. 43 3609: 3593: 3587: 3578: 3563: 3559: 3552: 3543: 3534: 3515: 3508: 3506: 3496: 3492: 3477: 3473: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3454: 3450: 3439: 3436: 3430: 3425: 3422: 3411: 3408: 3402: 3397: 3394: 3388: 3383: 3375: 3370: 3367: 3364: 3360: 3358: 3357:Boris Yeltsin 3353: 3349: 3341: 3340: 3339: 3332: 3331: 3330: 3322: 3319: 3313: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3285: 3281: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3258: 3254: 3249: 3242: 3237: 3228: 3226: 3223:According to 3221: 3217: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3206:1976 election 3202: 3196: 3193: 3188: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3161: 3159: 3155: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3137:Dick Gephardt 3134: 3125: 3120: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3071: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3039: 3029: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3006: 3004: 3000: 2999:American flag 2996: 2994: 2988: 2986: 2982: 2977: 2975: 2971: 2961: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2946: 2944: 2938: 2928: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2897: 2893: 2887: 2877: 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Roosevelt 9349:2021–present 9335:Donald Trump 9325:Barack Obama 9305:Bill Clinton 9298: 9275:Jimmy Carter 8935:James Monroe 8886:presidencies 8827: 8821:Dan Quayle → 8806: 8799: 8783:(family dog) 8775:Obadiah Bush 8649:Barbara Bush 8629:All the Best 8627: 8619: 8612:Bibliography 8598: 8590: 8582: 8574: 8566: 8558: 8550: 8535: 8527: 8519: 8504: 8497: 8490: 8483:Public image 8384:Presidential 8261: 8245:Reagan Award 8148: 8091: 8082: 7683:Chicken Kiev 7490:Inauguration 7464: 7422: 7407:Bush Library 7390: 7381: 7371: 7361: 7351: 7324: 7303: 7285: 7281: 7273: 7263: 7245: 7222: 7199: 7178: 7165: 7146: 7134: 7114: 7101: 7090: 7071: 7059: 7049: 7042: 7032: 7013: 7004: 6993: 6982: 6975: 6971: 6962: 6952: 6942: 6935: 6924: 6914: 6901:Bibliography 6891: 6886: 6878: 6873: 6853: 6846: 6834: 6831: 6826: 6817: 6808: 6799: 6787:. Retrieved 6783: 6774: 6762:. Retrieved 6758: 6748: 6736:. Retrieved 6732: 6722: 6712:September 5, 6710:. Retrieved 6699: 6687:. Retrieved 6677: 6665:. 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