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Commons. What emerged as the distinctive feature of modern constitutionalism was not the insistence on the idea that the king is subject to law (although this concept is an essential attribute of all constitutionalism). This notion was already well established in the Middle Ages. What was distinctive was the establishment of effective means of political control whereby the rule of law might be enforced. Modern constitutionalism was born with the political requirement that representative government depended upon the consent of citizen subjects... However, as can be seen through provisions in the 1689 Bill of Rights, the
English Revolution was fought not just to protect the rights of property (in the narrow sense) but to establish those liberties which liberals believed essential to human dignity and moral worth. The "rights of man" enumerated in the English Bill of Rights gradually were proclaimed beyond the boundaries of England, notably in the American Declaration of Independence of 1776 and in the French Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1789.
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century, education and intelligence had a strong positive impact on democracy, rule of law and political liberty independent from wealth (GDP) and chosen country sample. One possible mediator of these relationships is the attainment of higher stages of moral judgment fostered by cognitive ability, which is necessary for the function of democratic rules in society. The other mediators for citizens as well as for leaders could be the increased competence and willingness to process and seek information necessary for political decisions due to greater cognitive ability. There are also weaker and less stable reverse effects of the rule of law and political freedom on cognitive ability.
6845:. These broadcasting services should be accountable to an independent regulatory body that is adequately protected from interference from political and economic interests. Public service media have an obligation to provide reliable information to voters. Many countries have publicly funded radio and television stations with public service obligations, especially in Europe and Japan, while such media are weak or non-existent in other countries including the US. Several studies have shown that the stronger the dominance of commercial broadcast media over public service media, the less the amount of policy-relevant information in the media and the more focus on
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3240:
5637:
math competency (.26). Additionally, historical evidence suggests that average human capital (measured using literacy rates) of the masses does not explain the onset of industrialization in France from 1750 to 1850 despite arguments to the contrary. Together, these findings show that education does not always promote human capital and economic growth as is generally argued to be the case. Instead, the evidence implies that education provision often falls short of its expressed goals, or, alternatively, that political actors use education to promote goals other than economic growth and development.
5647:âwhich afflicts humans and livestockâreduced the ability of Africans to plough the land. This made Africa less settled. As a consequence, political power was less concentrated. This also affected the colonial institutions European countries established in Africa. Whether colonial settlers could live or not in a place made them develop different institutions which led to different economic and social paths. This also affected the distribution of power and the collective actions people could take. As a result, some African countries ended up having democracies and others
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5469:
3859:
variations in democratic institutions can be large within countries. Another way of conceiving the difficulties in measuring democracy is through the debate between minimalist versus maximalist definitions of democracy. A minimalist conception of democracy defines democracy by primarily considering the essence of democracy; such as electoral procedures. A maximalist definition of democracy can include outcomes, such as economic or administrative efficiency, into measures of democracy. Some aspects of democracy, such as responsiveness or
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1981:
7354:. Quote: "There is no practical alternative to majority political rule â i.e., to taking the consent of the majority as the act of the whole and binding every individual. It would be next to impossible to obtain the consent of every individual before acting collectively ... No rational people could desire and constitute a society that had to dissolve straightaway because the majority was unable to make the final decision and the society was incapable of acting as one body."
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3027:
5207:
typically have only one central authority which is often not subject to meaningful public review by any other governmental authority. Russian-style democracy has often been referred to as a "guided democracy". Russian politicians have referred to their government as having only one center of power/ authority, as opposed to most other forms of democracy which usually attempt to incorporate two or more naturally competing sources of authority within the same government.
39:
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support for dismissal. In some countries, the prime minister can also call an election at any point in time, typically when the prime minister believes that they are in good favour with the public as to get re-elected. In other parliamentary democracies, extra elections are virtually never held, a minority government being preferred until the next ordinary elections. An important feature of the parliamentary democracy is the concept of the "
5041:, and rules on which body gets to vote on which issue. Delegates may vote differently from how their sending council might wish but are mandated to communicate the wishes of their sending council. Delegates are recallable at any time. Referendums are possible at any time via votes of lower-level councils, however, not everything is a referendum as this is most likely a waste of time. A parpolity is meant to work in tandem with a
5420:
3355:, as well as other factors such as manipulation of civil society, "toxic polarization", foreign disinformation campaigns, racism and nativism, excessive executive power, and decreased power of the opposition. Within English-speaking Western democracies, "protection-based" attitudes combining cultural conservatism and leftist economic attitudes were the strongest predictor of support for authoritarian modes of governance.
5091:, is a political system in which democracy is implemented on a global scale, either directly or through representatives. An important justification for this kind of system is that the decisions made in national or regional democracies often affect people outside the constituency who, by definition, cannot vote. By contrast, in a cosmopolitan democracy, the people who are affected by decisions also have a say in them.
3486:, on the other hand, citizens should vote directly, not through their representatives, on legislative proposals. Proponents of direct democracy offer varied reasons to support this view. Political activity can be valuable in itself, it socialises and educates citizens, and popular participation can check powerful elites. Most importantly, citizens do not rule themselves unless they directly decide laws and policies.
2549:(1689), Locke posited that all individuals possessed the inalienable rights to life, liberty and estate (property). According to Locke, individuals would voluntarily come together to form a state for the purposes of defending their rights. Particularly important for Locke were property rights, whose protection Locke deemed to be a government's primary purpose. Furthermore, Locke asserted that governments were
18524:
4874:, is a form of democracy based on power-sharing formula between elites representing the social groups within the society. In 1969, Arendt Lijphart argued this would stabilize democracies with factions. A consociational democracy allows for simultaneous majority votes in two or more ethno-religious constituencies, and policies are enacted only if they gain majority support from both or all of them. The
5658:. Trade brought economic development, which in turn, broadened power. Rulers wanting to increase revenues had to protect property-rights to create incentives for people to invest. As more people had more power, more concessions had to be made by the ruler and in many places this process lead to democracy. These determinants defined the structure of the society moving the balance of political power.
2101:), and youths below the age of military service. Effectively, only 1 in 4 residents in Athens qualified as citizens. Owning land was not a requirement for citizenship. The exclusion of large parts of the population from the citizen body is closely related to the ancient understanding of citizenship. In most of antiquity the benefit of citizenship was tied to the obligation to fight war campaigns.
2427:
5144:. The main idea about creative democracy is that democracy encourages individual capacity building and the interaction among the society. Dewey argues that democracy is a way of life in his work of "Creative Democracy: The Task Before Us" and an experience built on faith in human nature, faith in human beings, and faith in working with others. Democracy, in Dewey's view, is a
5919:
4365:. A characteristic of representative democracy is that while the representatives are elected by the people to act in the people's interest, they retain the freedom to exercise their own judgement as how best to do so. Such reasons have driven criticism upon representative democracy, pointing out the contradictions of representation mechanisms with democracy
3255:, electoral democracies now represent 120 of the 192 existing countries and constitute 58.2 per cent of the world's population. At the same time liberal democracies i.e. countries Freedom House regards as free and respectful of basic human rights and the rule of law are 85 in number and represent 38 per cent of the global population. Also in 2007 the
5633:
modernization theory suggests: historically, most countries attained high levels of access to primary education well before transitioning to democracy. Rather than acting as a catalyst for democratization, in some situations education provision may instead be used by non-democratic regimes to indoctrinate their subjects and strengthen their power.
2399:, which wanted to increase their share in exercising power at the expense of the magnates. Magnates dominated the most important offices in the state (secular and ecclesiastical) and sat on the royal council, later the senate. The growing importance of the middle nobility had an impact on the establishment of the institution of the land
1737:, where various degrees of enfranchisement of the free male population were observed. In virtually all democratic governments throughout ancient and modern history, democratic citizenship was initially restricted to an elite class, which was later extended to all adult citizens. In most modern democracies, this was achieved through the
4411:. In consequence, however, the president and the legislature may end up in the control of separate parties, allowing one to block the other and thereby interfere with the orderly operation of the state. This may be the reason why presidential democracy is not very common outside the Americas, Africa, and Central and Southeast Asia.
3459:, democracy is a system of government in which citizens have given teams of political leaders the right to rule in periodic elections. According to this minimalist conception, citizens cannot and should not "rule" because, for example, on most issues, most of the time, they have no clear views or their views are not well-founded.
4115:, in which all eligible citizens have active participation in the political decision making, for example voting on policy initiatives directly. In most modern democracies, the whole body of eligible citizens remain the sovereign power but political power is exercised indirectly through elected representatives; this is called a
3283:
Austria, Cuba, and
Nicaragua. In California, a 2004 proposal to permit a quarter vote at 14 and a half vote at 16 was ultimately defeated. In 2008, the German parliament proposed but shelved a bill that would grant the vote to each citizen at birth, to be used by a parent until the child claims it for themselves.
9335:
The earliest, and perhaps greatest, victory for liberalism was achieved in
England. The rising commercial class that had supported the Tudor monarchy in the 16th century led the revolutionary battle in the 17th and succeeded in establishing the supremacy of Parliament and, eventually, of the House of
9305:
The key landmark is the Bill of Rights (1689), which established the supremacy of
Parliament over the Crown.... The Bill of Rights (1689) then settled the primacy of Parliament over the monarch's prerogatives, providing for the regular meeting of Parliament, free elections to the Commons, free speech
7529:
Democracy can be seen as a set of practices and principles that institutionalise and thus ultimately protect freedom. Even if a consensus on precise definitions has proved elusive, most observers today would agree that, at a minimum, the fundamental features of democracy include a government based on
6740:
This proposal has inspired a lot of discussions over whether the news media are actually fulfilling the requirements that a well functioning democracy requires. Commercial mass media are generally not accountable to anybody but their owners, and they have no obligation to serve a democratic function.
5397:
A 2019 study by
Acemoglu and others estimated that countries switching to democratic from authoritarian rule had on average a 20% higher GDP after 25 years than if they had remained authoritarian. The study examined 122 transitions to democracy and 71 transitions to authoritarian rule, occurring from
4630:
argue that much constitutional thought, from
Madison to Lincoln and beyond, has focused on "the problem of majority tyranny". They conclude, "The principles of republican government embedded in the Constitution represent an effort by the framers to ensure that the inalienable rights of life, liberty,
4402:
Presidential democracy is a system where the public elects the president through an election. The president serves as both the head of state and head of government controlling most of the executive powers. The president serves for a specific term and cannot exceed that amount of time. The legislature
3886:
Democracy has taken a number of forms, both in theory and practice. Some varieties of democracy provide better representation and more freedom for their citizens than others. However, if any democracy is not structured to prohibit the government from excluding the people from the legislative process,
2539:. In order to prevent the occurrence of an anarchic state of nature, Hobbes reasoned that individuals ceded their rights to a strong, authoritarian power. In other words, Hobbes advocated for an absolute monarchy which, in his opinion, was the best form of government. Later, philosopher and physician
2383:
links the fragmentation of Europe, and its subsequent democratization, to the manner in which the Roman Empire collapsed: Roman territory was conquered by small fragmented groups of
Germanic tribes, thus leading to the creation of small political units where rulers were relatively weak and needed the
2378:
Studies have linked the emergence of parliamentary institutions in Europe during the medieval period to urban agglomeration and the creation of new classes, such as artisans, as well as the presence of nobility and religious elites. Scholars have also linked the emergence of representative government
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and courts of law controlled the entire political process and a large proportion of citizens were involved constantly in the public business. Even though the rights of the individual were not secured by the
Athenian constitution in the modern sense (the ancient Greeks had no word for "rights"), those
2006:
are as old as the human species and are found throughout human history, but up until the nineteenth century, major political figures have largely opposed democracy. Republican theorists linked democracy to small size: as political units grew in size, the likelihood increased that the government would
14182:
Political theory has described a positive linkage between education, cognitive ability and democracy. This assumption is confirmed by positive correlations between education, cognitive ability, and positively valued political conditions (N = 183â130). It is shown that in the second half of the 20th
5601:
concludes that the characteristics of weapons are the main predictor of democracy: Democracyâthis scenarioâtends to emerge only when the best weapons available are easy for individuals to obtain and use. By the 1800s, guns were the best personal weapons available, and in the United States of
America
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structure. The guiding philosophy is that people should have decision-making power in proportion to how much they are affected by the decision. Local councils of 25â50 people are completely autonomous on issues that affect only them, and these councils send delegates to higher level councils who are
4383:
In a parliamentary system, the prime minister may be dismissed by the legislature at any point in time for not meeting the expectations of the legislature. This is done through a vote of no confidence where the legislature decides whether or not to remove the prime minister from office with majority
3507:
argues that the fundamental democratic principle is that, when it comes to binding collective decisions, each person in a political community is entitled to have his/her interests be given equal consideration (not necessarily that all people are equally satisfied by the collective decision). He uses
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The assumed link between education and economic growth is called into question when analyzing empirical evidence. Across different countries, the correlation between education attainment and math test scores is very weak (.07). A similarly weak relationship exists between per-pupil expenditures and
5602:(already nominally democratic), almost everyone could afford to buy a gun, and could learn how to use it fairly easily. Governments could not do any better: it became the age of mass armies of citizen soldiers with guns. Similarly, Periclean Greece was an age of the citizen soldier and democracy.
4379:
Parliamentary democracy is a representative democracy where government is appointed by or can be dismissed by, representatives as opposed to a "presidential rule" wherein the president is both head of state and the head of government and is elected by the voters. Under a parliamentary democracy,
8848:
Magna Carta is sometimes regarded as the foundation of democracy in
England. ...Revised versions of Magna Carta were issued by King Henry III (in 1216, 1217 and 1225), and the text of the 1225 version was entered into the statute roll in 1297. ...The 1225 version of Magna Carta had been granted
5632:
by demonstrating that there is no reliable evidence for the claim that democracy is more likely to emerge when countries become wealthier, more educated, or less unequal. In fact, empirical evidence shows that economic growth and education may not lead to increased demand for democratization as
5206:
Guided democracy is a form of democracy that incorporates regular popular elections, but which often carefully "guides" the choices offered to the electorate in a manner that may reduce the ability of the electorate to truly determine the type of government exercised over them. Such democracies
3858:
measuring the potential effects of democracy or its relationship with other phenomenaâwhether inequality, poverty, education etc. Given the constraints in acquiring reliable data with within-country variations on aspects of democracy, academics have largely studied cross-country variations, yet
3282:
to 18 years; the major democracies began to do so in the 1970s starting in Western Europe and North America. Most electoral democracies continue to exclude those younger than 18 from voting. The voting age has been lowered to 16 for national elections in a number of countries, including Brazil,
2096:
of ordinary citizens to fill the few existing government administrative and judicial offices, and a legislative assembly consisting of all Athenian citizens. All eligible citizens were allowed to speak and vote in the assembly, which set the laws of the city-state. However, Athenian citizenship
5094:
According to its supporters, any attempt to solve global problems is undemocratic without some form of cosmopolitan democracy. The general principle of cosmopolitan democracy is to expand some or all of the values and norms of democracy, including the rule of law; the non-violent resolution of
2723:
had similar property qualifications as Britain, and in the period before 1776 the abundance and availability of land meant that large numbers of colonists met such requirements with at least 60 per cent of adult white males able to vote. The great majority of white men were farmers who met the
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theorists was that democracy could only survive in small political communities. Heeding the lessons of the Roman Republic's shift to monarchism as it grew larger or smaller, these Republican theorists held that the expansion of territory and population inevitably led to tyranny. Democracy was
5665:
The peasant in the fable, when on his deathbed, tells his sons that a treasure is buried in the field. After the old man's death the sons dig everywhere in order to discover the treasure. They do not find it. But their indefatigable labor improves the soil and secures for them a comparative
10816:
Nazifa Alizada, Rowan Cole, Lisa Gastaldi, Sandra Grahn, Sebastian Hellmeier, Palina Kolvani, Jean Lachapelle, Anna LĂŒhrmann, Seraphine F. Maerz, Shreeya Pillai, and Staffan I. Lindberg. 2021. Autocratization Turns Viral. Democracy Report 2021. University of Gothenburg: V-Dem Institute.
2675:, had both cemented Parliament's position as the supreme law-making body and said that the "election of members of Parliament ought to be free". However, Parliament was only elected by male property owners, which amounted to 3% of the population in 1780. The first known British person of
2905:
and had full civil rights were allowed to stand for election. Reasons for disqualification included holding dual citizenship, being employed by a foreign government, being bankrupt, employed as a servant, or having "notoriety for ill deeds". Full universal suffrage was achieved in 1934.
4957:
have citizenship and are able to fully participate in the political process. However, critics of the "ethnic democracy" model argue it is a contradiction in terms, and thus conceptually inadequate or confusing; these critics allege that purported ethnic democracies, most notably
5670:
Democracy in modern times has almost always faced opposition from the previously existing government, and many times it has faced opposition from social elites. The implementation of a democratic government from a non-democratic state is typically brought by peaceful or violent
2603:) in 1619. English Puritans who migrated from 1620 established colonies in New England whose local governance was democratic; although these local assemblies had some small amounts of devolved power, the ultimate authority was held by the Crown and the English Parliament. The
6797:
the political debate. Thorough and balanced investigation of complex political issues does not fit into this format. The political communication is characterized by short time horizons, short slogans, simple explanations, and simple solutions. This is conducive to political
2497:
was enacted in 1689 which codified certain rights and liberties and is still in effect. The Bill set out the requirement for regular elections, rules for freedom of speech in Parliament and limited the power of the monarch, ensuring that, unlike much of Europe at the time,
6752:
and popularization of the news media is seen in an increasing focus on human examples rather than statistics and principles. There is more focus on politicians as personalities and less focus on political issues in the popular media. Election campaigns are covered more as
6773:. This person-centered focus may have far-reaching consequences not only for domestic problems but also for foreign policy when international conflicts are blamed on foreign heads of state rather than on political and economic structures. A strong media focus on fear and
5148:
requiring actual effort and work by people; it is not an institutional concept that exists outside of ourselves. "The task of democracy", Dewey concludes, "is forever that of creation of a freer and more humane experience in which all share and to which all contribute".
2810:. North Carolina was the last state to abolish property qualification in 1856 resulting in a close approximation to universal white male suffrage (however tax-paying requirements remained in five states in 1860 and survived in two states until the 20th century). In the
2131:
was an assembly of the people, held once a month, in which every male citizen of at least 20 years of age could participate. In the assembly, Spartans elected leaders and cast votes by range voting and shouting (the vote is then decided on how loudly the crowd shouts).
3133:
brought substantial gains toward true liberal democracy for many states, dubbed "third wave of democracy". Portugal, Spain, and several of the military dictatorships in South America returned to civilian rule in the 1970s and 1980s. This was followed by countries in
2880:
to a constitutional one, and held two elections the next year to elect members to her newly formed parliament. Provisional Electoral Regulations were issued, stating that the elected members of the Provincial Administrative Councils would elect members to the first
3447:
claims that the aim of the democratic processes is to solicit citizens' preferences and aggregate them together to determine what social policies society should adopt. Therefore, proponents of this view hold that democratic participation should primarily focus on
6895:
A serious problem with the social media is that they have no truth filters. The established news media have to guard their reputation as trustworthy, while ordinary citizens may post unreliable information. In fact, studies show that false stories are going more
3111:
3. The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.
4839:
is the process of choosing decision-making bodies via a random selection. These bodies can be more representative of the opinions and interests of the people at large than an elected legislature or other decision-maker. The technique was in widespread use in
4281:. Between January 1995 and June 2005, Swiss citizens voted 31 times, to answer 103 questions (during the same period, French citizens participated in only two referendums). Although in the past 120 years less than 250 initiatives have been put to referendum.
6792:
of the democratic system is compromised when lack of access to substantive, diverse, and undistorted information is handicapping the citizens' capability of evaluating the political process. The fast pace and trivialization in the competitive news media is
5345:
is logical proof that if each decision-maker has a better than chance probability of making the right decision, then having the largest number of decision-makers, i.e. a democracy, will result in the best decisions. This has also been argued by theories of
5446:, also referred to as democracy building, can be domestic policy to increase the quality of already existing democracy or a strand of foreign policy adopted by governments and international organizations that seek to support the spread of democracy as a
4241:
Some modern democracies that are predominantly representative in nature also heavily rely upon forms of political action that are directly democratic. These democracies, which combine elements of representative democracy and direct democracy, are termed
2136:
called this "childish", as compared with the stone voting ballots used by the Athenian citizenry. Sparta adopted it because of its simplicity, and to prevent any biased voting, buying, or cheating that was predominant in the early democratic elections.
4886:
allocates votes to member states in part according to their population, but heavily weighted in favour of the smaller states. A consociational democracy requires consensus of representatives, while consensus democracy requires consensus of electorate.
3569:
is based on the idea that there are hierarchical and oppressive power relations that exist in society. Democracy's role is to make visible and challenge those relations by allowing for difference, dissent and antagonisms in decision-making processes.
2200:
in the Americas also developed a form of democratic society between 1450 and 1660 (and possibly in 1142), well before contact with the Europeans. This democracy continues to the present day and is the world's oldest standing representative democracy.
5426:
is conducive to democracy promotion and building in the developing world. Here, facilitator and former MICAH Police Commissioner Yves Bouchard shares mission experience with senior military and police officials in mission management to contribute to
4764:
there is a hostility to what is commonly called "liberal democracy", which is referred to as parliamentary democracy because of its centralised nature. Because of orthodox Marxists' desire to eliminate the political elitism they see in capitalism,
4481:
turned powerful monarchs into constitutional monarchs (often gradually) with limited or symbolic roles. For example, in the predecessor states to the United Kingdom, constitutional monarchy began to emerge and has continued uninterrupted since the
2015:, the creation of the United States, with its large size and its system of checks and balances, was a solution to the dual problems of size. Forms of democracy occurred organically in societies around the world that had no contact with each other.
5401:
A 2023 study analyzed the long-term effects of democracy on economic prosperity using new data on GDP per capita and democracy for a dataset between 1789 and 2019. The results indicate that democracy substantially increases economic development.
6805:
Commercial mass media are often differentiated along the political spectrum so that people can hear mainly opinions that they already agree with. Too much controversy and diverse opinions are not always profitable for the commercial news media.
3517:
which are used to select representatives who then manage all or most of the public policy of the society. However, these polyarchic procedures may not create a full democracy if, for example, poverty prevents political participation. Similarly,
1772:
says that the "classical" view of democracy is, "in brief, the theory that democracy is the rule of the people and that the people have a right to rule". One study identified 2,234 adjectives used to describe democracy in the English language.
7530:
majority rule and the consent of the governed, the existence of free and fair elections, the protection of minorities and respect for basic human rights. Democracy presupposes equality before the law, due process and political pluralism.
4406:
The executive usually has the responsibility to execute or implement legislation and may have the limited legislative powers, such as a veto. However, a legislative branch passes legislation and budgets. This provides some measure of
14894:
Backsliding entails deterioration of qualities associated with democratic governance, within any regime. In democratic regimes, it is a decline in the quality of democracy; in autocracies, it is a decline in democratic qualities of
3543:
is deliberation among decision-makers that is free from distortions of unequal political power, such as power a decision-maker obtained through economic wealth or the support of interest groups. If the decision-makers cannot reach
3512:
to refer to societies in which there exists a certain set of institutions and procedures which are perceived as leading to such democracy. First and foremost among these institutions is the regular occurrence of free and open
2405:(local assembly), which subsequently obtained more rights. During the fifteenth and first half of the sixteenth century, sejmiks received more and more power and became the most important institutions of local power. In 1454,
4664:, moderated by a constitution or laws that such as the protection of the rights and freedoms of individuals, and constrained on the extent to which the will of the majority can be exercised against the rights of minorities.
4173:
Direct democracy is a political system where the citizens participate in the decision-making personally, contrary to relying on intermediaries or representatives. A direct democracy gives the voting population the power to:
6608:, or debate on democracy and the different aspects of how to implement democracy best have been widely discussed. There are both internal critics (those who call upon the constitutional regime to be true to its own highest
3539:. Unlike aggregative democracy, deliberative democracy holds that, for a democratic decision to be legitimate, it must be preceded by authentic deliberation, not merely the aggregation of preferences that occurs in voting.
3124:
By 1960, the vast majority of country-states were nominally democracies, although most of the world's populations lived in nominal democracies that experienced sham elections, and other forms of subterfuge (particularly in
7048:, and reduced a state's apportionment if it wrongfully denied males over the age of 21 the right to vote; however, this was not enforced in practice. Some poor white men remained excluded at least until the passage of the
5579:
Several philosophers and researchers have outlined historical and social factors seen as supporting the evolution of democracy. Other commentators have mentioned the influence of economic development. In a related theory,
4403:
often has limited ability to remove a president from office. Elections typically have a fixed date and aren't easily changed. The president has direct control over the cabinet, specifically appointing the cabinet members.
15619:
Cushion, Stephen; Franklin, Bob (2015). "Public Service Broadcasting: Markets and Vulnerable Values in Broadcast and Print Journalism". In Coleman, Stephen; Moss, Giles; Parry, Katy; Halperin, John; Ryan, Michael (eds.).
2075:, but its usage was older by several decades, as two Athenians born in the 470s were named Democrates, a new political nameâlikely in support of democracyâgiven at a time of debates over constitutional issues in Athens.
1596:
to do so. Who is considered part of "the people" and how authority is shared among or delegated by the people has changed over time and at different rates in different countries. Features of democracy oftentimes include
2117:
who were citizens of Athens enjoyed their liberties not in opposition to the government but by living in a city that was not subject to another power and by not being subjects themselves to the rule of another person.
7499:
Economic Intelligence Unit Democracy Index, 2022, p. 4: "According to our measure of democracy, less than half (45.7%) of the world's population now live in a democracy of some sort, a significant decline from 2020
6635:
remarked that "No one pretends that democracy is perfect or all-wise. Indeed, it has been said that democracy is the worst form of government except all those other forms that have been tried from time to time."
2144:
contributed significantly to many aspects of democracy, only a minority of Romans were citizens with votes in elections for representatives. The votes of the powerful were given more weight through a system of
4197:
are referred to as forms of direct democracy. However, some advocates of direct democracy argue for local assemblies of face-to-face discussion. Direct democracy as a government system currently exists in the
11124:
4618:
was that the former became weaker as it got larger and suffered more violently from the effects of faction, whereas a republic could get stronger as it got larger and combats faction by its very structure.
4388:". The essence of the concept is that the second largest political party (or opposition) opposes the governing party (or coalition), while still remaining loyal to the state and its democratic principles.
3493:âwith half to their left and the other half to their right. This is not a desirable outcome as it represents the action of self-interested and somewhat unaccountable political elites competing for votes.
15373:
Esser, Frank; Matthes, Jörg (2013). "Mediatization Effects on Political News, Political Actors, Political Decisions, and Political Audiences". In Kriesi, Hanspeter; Esser, Frank; BĂŒhlmann, Marc (eds.).
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towns hold annual town meetings in March in which town officers are elected, budgets for the town and schools are voted on, and citizens have the opportunity to speak and be heard on political matters.
2473:(1642â1651) was fought between the King and an oligarchic but elected Parliament, during which the idea of a political party took form with groups debating rights to political representation during the
2374:
is some of the earliest evidence of parliament being used as a forum to address the general grievances of ordinary people. However, the power to call parliament remained at the pleasure of the monarch.
2694:
were expanded and power shifted from the monarch to parliament. The taxed peasantry was represented in parliament, although with little influence, but commoners without taxed property had no suffrage.
11842:
Dahl, Robert A., Ian Shapiro, JosĂ© AntĂŽnio Cheibub, and Adam Przeworski. âMinimalist Conception of Democracy: A Defense.â Essay. In The Democracy Sourcebook, 12â17. Cambridge, MA, MA: MIT Press, 2003.
5654:
An example of geographical determinants for democracy is having access to coastal areas and rivers. This natural endowment has a positive relation with economic development thanks to the benefits of
2806:
was the first in which non-property-holding white males could vote in the vast majority of states. Voter turnout soared during the 1830s, reaching about 80% of the adult white male population in the
10704:
4997:
in places of work and education, and ecological democracy which aims to reintegrate society and nature. The theoretical project of inclusive democracy emerged from the work of political philosopher
7842:
3411:
asserted, "It is, therefore the natural property of small states to be governed as a republic, of middling ones to be subject to a monarch, and of large empires to be swayed by a despotic prince."
3286:
According to Freedom House, starting in 2005, there have been 17 consecutive years in which declines in political rights and civil liberties throughout the world have outnumbered improvements, as
2945:, and religious and economic circumstances. Global waves of "democratic regression" reversing democratization, have also occurred in the 1920s and 30s, in the 1960s and 1970s, and in the 2010s.
10955:
7113:
Other names include autocratization, democratic decline, de-democratization, democratic erosion, democratic decay, democratic recession, democratic regression, and democratic deconsolidation.
4635:
insisted, was that the government be "bound by fixed laws, which the people have a voice in making, and a right to defend." As Benjamin Franklin was exiting after writing the US Constitution,
17453:
6872:
has profoundly altered the conditions for political communication. The social media have given ordinary citizens easy access to voice their opinion and share information while bypassing the
14776:
8228:
5279:
Shareholder democracy is a concept relating to the governance of corporations by their shareholders. In the United States, shareholders are typically granted voting rights according to the
2561:
against a government that acted against their interest or became tyrannical. Although they were not widely read during his lifetime, Locke's works are considered the founding documents of
2728:, which, on declaring independence of Great Britain in 1777, adopted a constitution modelled on Pennsylvania's citizenship and democratic suffrage for males with or without property. The
11403:
Joshua Cohen, "Deliberation and Democratic Legitimacy" in Essays on Reason and Politics: Deliberative Democracy Ed. James Bohman and William Rehg (The MIT Press: Cambridge) 1997, 72â73.
10028:
6697:, policies, and candidates so that they can make a truly informed decision. Since the late 20'th century there has been a growing concern that voters may be poorly informed because the
3938:
2011:
wrote, "If a republic be small, it is destroyed by a foreign force; if it is large, it is ruined by an internal imperfection." According to Johns Hopkins University political scientist
1916:
It has also been suggested that a basic feature of democracy is the capacity of all voters to participate freely and fully in the life of their society. With its emphasis on notions of
2510:
have characterized the institutions implemented in the Glorious Revolution as a resounding success in terms of restraining the government and ensuring protection for property rights.
8934:
7356:
There is no practical alternative to majority political rule %E2%80%93 i.e., to taking the consent of the majority as the act of the whole and binding every individual." Google Books
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9625:
9185:
9163:
5643:
An example of this is the disease environment. Places with different mortality rates had different populations and productivity levels around the world. For example, in Africa, the
4540:
Elite upper houses of legislatures, which often had lifetime or hereditary tenure, were common in many states. Over time, these either had their powers limited (as with the British
4169:'s citizen in November 2008 about 5 national, 2 cantonal, 4 municipal referendums, and 2 elections (government and parliament of the City of Berne) to take care of at the same time.
12718:
Bookchin, Murray. Communalism: The Democratic Dimensions of Social Anarchism. Anarchism, Marxism and the Future of the Left: Interviews and Essays, 1993â1998, AK Press 1999, p. 155
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There is no practical alternative to majority political rule %E2%80%93 i.e., to take the consent of the majority as the act of the whole and binding every individual." Google Books
17885:
14273:
Squicciarini, Mara and VoigtlÀnder, Nico, Knowledge Elites and Modernization: Evidence from Revolutionary France (October 2016). NBER Working Paper No. w22779, Available at SSRN:
6638:
Critics of democracy have often tried to highlight democracy's inconsistencies, paradoxes, and limits by contrasting it with other forms of government, such as a less democratic
4111:
Several variants of democracy exist, but there are two basic forms, both of which concern how the whole body of all eligible citizens executes its will. One form of democracy is
3403:
therefore highly fragile and rare historically, as it could only survive in small political units, which due to their size were vulnerable to conquest by larger political units.
4804:
argued that the only acceptable form of direct democracy is one in which it is recognised that majority decisions are not binding on the minority, even when unanimous. However,
4418:
is a system of democracy in which the government includes both a prime minister and a president. The particular powers held by the prime minister and president vary by country.
5584:
suggests that improved living-standards in modern developed countries can convince people that they can take their basic survival for granted, leading to increased emphasis on
15683:
Udris, Linards; Lucht, Jens (2014). "Mediatization at the Structural Level: Independence from Politics, Dependence on the Market". In Esser, Frank; StrömbÀck, Jesper (eds.).
6769:, and less interest in voting. The ability to find effective political solutions to social problems is hampered when problems tend to be blamed on individuals rather than on
19450:
12563:
1696:
limit the majority and protect the minorityâusually through securing the enjoyment by all of certain individual rights, such as freedom of speech or freedom of association.
5591:
Douglas M. Gibler and Andrew Owsiak in their study argued about the importance of peace and stable borders for the development of democracy. It has often been assumed that
4103:
The following kinds of democracy are not exclusive of one another: many specify details of aspects that are independent of one another and can co-exist in a single system.
2744:, instead leaving the issue of suffrage to the individual states. Generally, states limited suffrage to white male property owners and taxpayers. At the time of the first
8978:
Abramson, Scott F.; Boix, Carles (2019). "Endogenous Parliaments: The Domestic and International Roots of Long-Term Economic Growth and Executive Constraints in Europe".
4818:
Some anarcho-communists oppose the majoritarian nature of direct democracy, feeling that it can impede individual liberty and opt-in favour of a non-majoritarian form of
2787:
that met in 1793. Nonetheless, the 1791 Constitution helped keep alive Polish aspirations for the eventual restoration of the country's sovereignty over a century later.
1565:
of a state. Under a minimalist definition of democracy, rulers are elected through competitive elections while more expansive definitions link democracy to guarantees of
12617:
8849:
explicitly in return for a payment of tax by the whole kingdom, and this paved the way for the first summons of Parliament in 1265, to approve the granting of taxation.
4324:, is a feature of some versions of direct democracies. In this system, important governmental and administrative tasks are performed by citizens picked from a lottery.
17446:
14916:
10168:
4380:
government is exercised by delegation to an executive ministry and subject to ongoing review, checks and balances by the legislative parliament elected by the people.
2300:, provided representation and voting rights to its male aristocracy only. Various Italian city-states and polities had republic forms of government. For instance, the
1811:, and social norms by which individuals and institutions only consider acceptable acts that reflect the first two principles of upward control and political equality.
3854:
Because democracy is an overarching concept that includes the functioning of diverse institutions which are not easy to measure, limitations exist in quantifying and
9348:
North, Douglass C.; Weingast, Barry R. (1989). "Constitutions and Commitment: The Evolution of Institutions Governing Public Choice in Seventeenth-Century England".
7732:
5888:, which erode the democratic nature of governments. This has happened on a local level even in well-established democracies like the United States; for example, the
3497:
suggests that ideological political parties are necessary to act as a mediating broker between individual and governments. Downs laid out this view in his 1957 book
3978:
13519:
2085:, staged in c.463 BC, where he mentions "the demos's ruling hand" . Before that time, the word used to define the new political system of Cleisthenes was probably
13016:
5743:
to an undemocratic form of government. Domestic military coups or rebellions are the most common means by which democratic governments have been overthrown. (See
2756:
in 1791 set limits on government power to protect personal freedoms but had little impact on judgements by the courts for the first 130 years after ratification.
1784:, every vote has (in theory) equal weight, and the freedom of eligible citizens is secured by legitimised rights and liberties which are typically enshrined in a
22837:
7315:
3192:
The liberal trend spread to some states in Africa in the 1990s, most prominently in South Africa. Some recent examples of attempts of liberalisation include the
2779:, introduced political equality between townspeople and nobility, and placed the peasants under the protection of the government, mitigating the worst abuses of
5398:
1960 to 2010. Acemoglu said this was because democracies tended to invest more in health care and human capital, and reduce special treatment of regime allies.
3266:
17372:
12768:
7037:
2823:
2819:
13432:
11776:
Democracy and Autocracy, Why do Democracies Develop and Decline, Vol. 21(1) June 2023, Democracy and Autocracy Section, American Political Science Association
7819:
3726:
Democracy indices differ in scope and weighting of different aspects of democracy, including the breadth of core democratic institutions, competitiveness and
3158:
countries. The most successful of the new democracies were those geographically and culturally closest to western Europe, and they are now either part of the
2971:
empires resulted in the creation of new nation-states in Europe, most of them at least nominally democratic. In the 1920s democratic movements flourished and
17439:
16051:
15307:
Donges, Patrick; Jarren, Otfried (2014). "Mediatization of Organizations: Changing Parties and Interest Groups?". In Esser, Frank; StrömbÀck, Jesper (eds.).
6745:. Fierce economic competition may force the mass media to divert themselves from any democratic ideals and focus entirely on how to survive the competition.
5215:
Aside from the public sphere, similar democratic principles and mechanisms of voting and representation have been used to govern other kinds of groups. Many
4945:, purports to describe a political system that combines a structured ethnic dominance with democratic, political and civil rights for all. Both the dominant
2827:
15668:
Pickard, Victor (2020). "The Public Media Option: Confronting Policy Failure in an Age of Misinformation". In Bennett, W. Lance; Livingston, Steven (eds.).
10673:
22827:
10607:
6849:, personalities, and the pecadillos of politicians. Public service broadcasters are characterized by more policy-relevant information and more respect for
5661:
Robert Michels asserts that although democracy can never be fully realised, democracy may be developed automatically in the act of striving for democracy:
2061:, what is generally held as the first example of a type of democracy in 508â507 BC was established in Athens. Cleisthenes is referred to as "the father of
12934:
9951:
2619:
who founded these colonies applied the democratic organisation of their congregations also to the administration of their communities in worldly matters.
7548:
2764:
1505:
14164:
Rindermann, H (2008). "Relevance of education and intelligence for the political development of nations: Democracy, rule of law and political liberty".
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5628:
Evidence consistent with conventional theories of why democracy emerges and is sustained has been hard to come by. Statistical analyses have challenged
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13542:
9666:
The ungovernable rock: a history of the Anglo-Corsican Kingdom and its role in Britain's Mediterranean strategy during the Revolutionary War, 1793â1797
10966:
7852:
6876:
of the large news media. This is often seen as an advantage for democracy. The new possibilities for communication have fundamentally changed the way
1656:. Today, the dominant form of democracy is representative democracy, where citizens elect government officials to govern on their behalf such as in a
21649:
16307:
15772:
Voltmer, Katrin; Sorensen, Lone (2019). "Media, Power, Citizenship: The Mediatization of Democratic Change". In Voltmer, Katrin; et al. (eds.).
10750:
8299:
15788:
15322:
Esser, Frank (2013). "Mediatization as a Challenge: Media Logic versus Political Logic". In Kriesi, Hanspeter; Esser, Frank; BĂŒhlmann, Marc (eds.).
2292:
in 1188, the Cortes had authority over setting taxation, foreign affairs and legislating, though the exact nature of its role remains disputed. The
15021:
9835:
9288:
6810:
is emerging when different people read different news and watch different TV channels. This polarization has been worsened by the emergence of the
3395:). He also thought that there was a good and a bad variant of each system (he considered democracy to be the degenerate counterpart to timocracy).
15486:
Nielsen, Rasmus Kleis (2016). "The Business of News". In Witschge, Tamara; Anderson, Christopher William; Domingo, David; Hermida, Alfred (eds.).
14745:
12278:; Brewer, Paul; Shaw, Anthony; Chandler, Malcolm; Cheshire, Gerard; Cranfield, Ingrid; Ralph Lewis, Brenda; Sutherland, Joe; Vint, Robert (2003).
4092:
3343:
Countries autocratising (red) or democratising (blue) substantially and significantly (2010â2020). Countries in grey are substantially unchanged.
2745:
12966:
11775:
10484:
8831:
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1807:
One theory holds that democracy requires three fundamental principles: upward control (sovereignty residing at the lowest levels of authority),
22842:
19803:
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18568:
17619:
15991:
11027:
3971:: Executive president is independent of the legislature; head of government is appointed by the president and is accountable to the legislature
18941:
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10094:
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obligations as a means to improve the democratic process by providing the kind of political contents that a free market does not provide. The
6761:, conflict, and competitive strategies has made voters perceive the politicians as egoists rather than idealists. This fosters mistrust and a
6733:
A principled resistance to the efforts of forces outside the media to subvert their independence, integrity, and ability to serve the audience
5617:
to increasing tolerance, rationality, political literacy and participation. Two effects of education and cognitive ability are distinguished:
22867:
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13801:
10337:
10204:
9318:
6550:
5893:
5461:
3339:
3321:
643:
15653:
Gunther, Richard; Mugham, Anthony (2000). "The Political Impact of the Media: A Reassessment". In Gunther, Richard; Mugham, Anthony (eds.).
11806:"The scientific limits of understanding the (potential) relationship between complex social phenomena: the case of democracy and inequality"
11517:
10308:
9921:
8925:
6935:
1680:(e.g. Switzerland) are applied. They serve the crucial purpose of inclusiveness and broader legitimacy on sensitive issuesâcounterbalancing
22212:
14975:
10536:
10385:
6545:
5800:, in which the leader of the government extra-legally seizes all power or unlawfully extends the term in office. This can be done through:
638:
10818:
10633:"Archives of Maryland, Volume 0138, Page 0051 â Constitutional Revision Study Documents of the Constitutional Convention Commission, 1968"
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9171:
5518:
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systems, with some using a combination of the two. Some representative democracies also incorporate elements of direct democracy, such as
14629:
6884:
operate and organize. The internet and social media have provided powerful new tools for democracy movements in developing countries and
6592:
3352:
3166:. In 1986, after the toppling of the most prominent Asian dictatorship, the only democratic state of its kind at the time emerged in the
3163:
685:
12198:
9259:
2362:, safeguarding individual freedom against unlawful imprisonment with the right to appeal. The first representative national assembly in
20593:
20234:
17989:
17900:
5744:
5095:
conflicts; and equality among citizens, beyond the limits of the state. To be fully implemented, this would require reforming existing
12439:
Taussig, Capt. J. K., "Experiences during the Boxer Rebellion," in Quarterdeck and Fo'c'sle. Chicago: Rand McNally & Company, 1963
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10111:
7136:
1913:
are considered important to ensure that voters are well informed, enabling them to vote according to their own interests and beliefs.
22782:
18032:
17955:
16420:
15268:
Bucy, Erik P.; D'Angelo, Paul (1999). "The Crisis of Political Communication: Normative Critiques of News and Democratic Processes".
15191:
13982:
8861:
6628:
5640:
Some scholars have searched for the "deep" determinants of contemporary political institutions, be they geographical or demographic.
5431:
peacekeeping missions. The Planification Avancée des Missions Intégrées (APIM), or Advanced Mission Planning Course, was held by the
4338:
Representative democracy involves the election of government officials by the people being represented. If the head of state is also
4214:
722:
14362:
12673:
The Transitional Program for Socialist Revolution: Including The Death Agony of Capitalism and the Tasks of the Fourth International
2236:, there existed various systems involving elections or assemblies, although often only involving a small part of the population. In
1648:
The notion of democracy has evolved considerably over time. Throughout history, one can find evidence of direct democracy, in which
22056:
20778:
19583:
17516:
17317:
15250:
Gurevitch, Michael; Blumler, Jay G. (1990). "Political Communication Systems and Democratic Values". In Lichtenberg, Judith (ed.).
10506:
9818:
9769:
3407:
famously said, "if a republic is small, it is destroyed by an outside force; if it is large, it is destroyed by an internal vice."
2807:
2803:
2513:
Renewed interest in the Magna Carta, the English Civil War, and the Glorious Revolution in the 17th century prompted the growth of
936:
15355:
Vreese, Claes H. de (2014). "Mediatization of News: The Role of Journalistic Framing". In Esser, Frank; StrömbÀck, Jesper (eds.).
12644:
2358:(1215), which explicitly protected certain rights of the King's subjects and implicitly supported what became the English writ of
2161:, although it didn't have much of a democracy. The Roman model of governance inspired many political thinkers over the centuries.
21696:
21386:
20688:
18603:
18249:
10771:
3556:
report identifying citizens assemblies as an increasingly popular mechanism to involve citizens in governmental decision-making.
3143:
2815:
1498:
13958:
10632:
10242:
2979:
brought disenchantment and most of the countries of Europe, Latin America, and Asia turned to strong-man rule or dictatorships.
22144:
20807:
19021:
18693:
17895:
17836:
17506:
11491:
10907:
9542:
7041:
6736:
A sense of respect for the audience member, as potentially concerned and able to make sense of his or her political environment
5382:
argue that democracies are more economically successful because undemocratic political systems tend to limit markets and favor
14656:
Chull Shin, Doh (2021). "Democratic deconsolidation in East Asia: exploring system realignments in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan".
10585:"General Assembly declares 15 September International Day of Democracy; Also elects 18 Members to Economic and Social Council"
9603:
4303:
are often used, especially in rural areas, to manage local government. This creates a hybrid form of government, with a local
3351:" in the 2010s were attributed to economic inequality and social discontent, personalism, poor government's management of the
3329:
1768:
Although democracy is generally understood to be defined by voting, no consensus exists on a precise definition of democracy.
22722:
20795:
16300:
16202:
16087:
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16010:
15967:
15946:
15413:
15001:
14854:
14545:
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14442:
14396:
14298:
14042:
14008:
13904:
13771:
13738:
13697:
13656:
13355:
13115:
12681:
12654:
12627:
12341:
12316:
12150:
12059:
12013:
11971:
11947:
11923:
11900:
11676:
11642:
11501:
11392:
11371:
11351:
11327:
11303:
11230:
11092:
11002:
10468:
10138:
10071:
9998:
9876:
9721:
9673:
9572:
9508:
9484:
9409:
9147:
8894:
8807:
8770:
8743:
8635:
8608:
8581:
8520:
8464:
8440:
8269:
8203:
8146:
8109:
8039:
7981:
7956:
7885:
7789:
7759:
7670:
7642:
7418:
7394:
7270:
7175:
7054:
4592:
3104:
2850:
2720:
15107:
14908:
7972:
Snyder, Richard; Samuels, David (2006), "Devaluing the vote in Latin America", in Diamond, Larry; Plattner, Marc F. (eds.),
17930:
17915:
14104:
9562:
9237:
7091:
5814:
3864:
3302:). In a Freedom House report released in 2018, Democracy Scores for most countries declined for the 12th consecutive year.
3197:
2898:
15501:
Cinelli, Matteo; Morales, Gianmarco De Francisci; Galeazzi, Alessandro; Quattrociocchi, Walter; Starnini, Michele (2021).
7729:
5710:
in the process of government selection. Democratic decline involves the weakening of democratic institutions, such as the
5068:
are preferred. The term applies to all democratic countries in which religion is incorporated into the form of government.
2316:, a distinctly non-feudal society, the right to vote on local matters and on county officials was based on land size. The
21496:
21406:
18766:
17910:
17846:
16247:
10562:
5787:
4085:
3848:
2371:
46:
21521:
19061:
16648:
12671:
8162:
3863:, are generally not included in democracy indices due to the difficulty measuring these aspects. Other aspects, such as
3142:
by the mid-to-late 1980s. Economic malaise in the 1980s, along with resentment of Soviet oppression, contributed to the
19796:
18561:
17965:
17614:
16160:
16128:
15175:
15142:
13137:
13023:
11851:
Schmitter, Philippe C. and Terry Lynn Karl. 1991. "What Democracy is.. . and is Not." Journal of Democracy 2 (3): 75-88
11074:
7071:
5822:
2830:(1870) that gave black males a nominal right to vote. Full enfranchisement of citizens was not secured until after the
2741:
2664:
1491:
13831:
Lipset, Seymour Martin. (1959). "Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy".
13412:
9215:
8956:
7287:
5110:
Cosmopolitan democracy has been promoted, among others, by physicist Albert Einstein, writer Kurt Vonnegut, columnist
2913:
became the first country in the world (except for the short-lived 18th-century Corsican Republic) to establish active
2643:. Athena has been used as an international symbol of freedom and democracy since at least the late eighteenth century.
22887:
19588:
17945:
17940:
17920:
17745:
15565:"Toward a Theory of Pernicious Polarization and How It Harms Democracies: Comparative Evidence and Possible Remedies"
13313:
12291:
12249:
9193:
8760:
7079:
5955:
5818:
5684:
5530:
4339:
3333:
3229:
2952:
Painting depicting the opening of the first Australian Parliament in 1901, one of the events that formed part of the
2925:
2648:
2367:
14412:
8733:
8663:
Lightfoot, Sheryl R. (2021). "Decolonizing Self-Determination: Haudenosaunee Passports and Negotiated Sovereignty".
5772:
3720:, or continuous values. The qualitative nature of democracy indices enables data analytical approaches for studying
22717:
22078:
21466:
19916:
19117:
18528:
17999:
17935:
17467:
16904:
16293:
14425:
Acemoglu, Daron; Johnson, Simon; Robinson, James (2005). "Institutions as a fundamental cause of long-run growth".
14379:
Acemoglu, Daron; Johnson, Simon; Robinson, James (2005). "Institutions as a fundamental cause of long-run growth".
13600:"Political Efficacy and Participation in Twenty-Seven Democracies: How Electoral Systems Shape Political Behaviour"
11222:
Deudney, D.: Bounding Power: Republican Security Theory from the Polis to the Global Village. (eBook and Paperback)
6907:
Reliable information sources are essential for the democratic process. Less democratic governments rely heavily on
6502:
6402:
5624:
an ethical effect (support of democratic values, freedom, human rights etc.), which itself depends on intelligence.
2882:
595:
495:
15698:
Thoday, Jon (2018). "Public Service Television and the Crisis of Content". In Freedman, Des; Goblot, Vana (eds.).
10218:
10192:
4639:
asked him "Well, Doctor, what have we gotâa republic or a monarchy?". He replied "A republicâif you can keep it."
4193:
Within modern-day representative governments, certain electoral tools like referendums, citizens' initiatives and
22817:
22752:
21797:
20422:
20273:
19661:
18986:
17970:
16218:
14499:
Mietzner, Marcus (2021). "Sources of resistance to democratic decline: Indonesian civil society and its trials".
11048:
7095:
6850:
6585:
5889:
4985:
in all fields of social life: political democracy in the form of face-to-face assemblies which are confederated,
4698:
4206:
2972:
2489:
in 1679 which strengthened the convention that forbade detention lacking sufficient cause or evidence. After the
2154:
1376:
678:
19419:
14557:
Laebens, Melis G.; LĂŒhrmann, Anna (2021). "What halts democratic erosion? The changing role of accountability".
9590:
Democracy's Privileged Few. Legislative Privilege and Democratic Norms in the British and American Constitutions
9306:
in parliamentary debates, and some basic human rights, most famously freedom from 'cruel or unusual punishment'.
8229:"The Dawn of Everything by David Graeber and David Wengrow review â inequality is not the price of civilisation"
6619:
Criticism of democracy has been a key part of democracy, its functions, and its development throughout history.
5804:
3712:
The democracies indices differ in whether they are categorical, such as classifying countries into democracies,
2736:. The Constitution provided for an elected government and protected civil rights and liberties, but did not end
22008:
21623:
21476:
20362:
19534:
18776:
17905:
17662:
17350:
17153:
13920:
Gibler, Douglas M.; Owsiak, Andrew (2017). "Democracy and the Settlement of International Borders, 1919â2001".
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12359:
10933:
9960:
7711:
7562:
4278:
4078:
3260:
3201:
1925:
1183:
1138:
18966:
11751:
11518:"Innovative Citizen Participation and New Democratic Institutions: Catching the Deliberative Wave | en | OECD"
7514:
5776:
3548:
after authentically deliberating on a proposal, then they vote on the proposal using a form of majority rule.
2018:
Retrospectively different polities, outside of declared democracies, have been described as proto-democratic.
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21663:
21536:
20758:
19789:
19769:
19198:
18845:
18554:
18309:
18163:
18025:
17816:
17284:
14132:
12705:
10260:
Elections in the Ott Empire (1995).pdf "Elections and the Electoral Process in the Ottoman Empire, 1876â1919"
8598:
8567:
7075:
6701:
are focusing more on entertainment and gossip and less on serious journalistic research on political issues.
6357:
5858:
5379:
5363:
5216:
4879:
3709:
assessments of the state of democracy for different countries according to various definitions of democracy.
3596:
3304:
3193:
2585:
1757:
1531:
1009:
450:
19107:
8625:
6919:
in order to stay in power, while independent sources of information are able to undermine their legitimacy.
5764:
5595:, but this study shows that, historically, peace has almost always predated the establishment of democracy.
22772:
22757:
22652:
21561:
21556:
21250:
20288:
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pp. 6, 13, 18: "Dictatorships are on the rise and harbor 70% of the world population â 5.4 billion people."
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6818:. Extreme political polarization may undermine the trust in democratic institutions, leading to erosion of
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5123:
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1993:
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as a head of state, even if these states also are representative democracies with an elected or appointed
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and the pursuit of happiness would not be trampled by majorities." What was critical to American values,
4599:, which in their view often came without the protection of a constitution enshrining inalienable rights;
4358:
3981:: Head of government (president or directory) is elected by the legislature, but is not accountable to it
2873:
as rulers were confronted with popular demands for liberal constitutions and more democratic government.
2545:
2248:. These deliberative bodies were responsible for settling political questions, and variants included the
1203:
718:
540:
305:
9292:
9021:
MĂžller, JĂžrgen (2014). "Why Europe Avoided Hegemony: A Historical Perspective on the Balance of Power".
2573:. His liberal democratic framework of governance remains the preeminent form of democracy in the world.
1858:, the principles also are potentially applicable to private organisations, such as clubs, societies and
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19598:
19208:
19133:
19071:
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17864:
17826:
17657:
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17295:
12427:
11255:"Public Space as Emancipation: Meditations on Anarchism, Radical Democracy, Neoliberalism and Violence"
10819:
https://www.v-dem.net/media/filer_public/74/8c/748c68ad-f224-4cd7-87f9-8794add5c60f/dr_2021_updated.pdf
10412:"Did the United States Create Democracy in Germany?: The Independent Review: The Independent Institute"
6578:
5937:
4660:, where the ability of the elected representatives to exercise decision-making power is subject to the
4537:). An elected person, with or without significant powers, became the head of state in these countries.
4270:
3968:
3117:
3074:
2772:
2749:
2729:
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are often identified by commentators as foundational characteristics for a well-functioning democracy.
1024:
671:
26:
20558:
19046:
18996:
17431:
14195:
Albertus, Michael; Menaldo, Victor (2012). "Coercive Capacity and the Prospects for Democratisation".
12728:
10608:"'The last milestone' on the journey to full adult suffrage? 50 years of debates about the voting age"
5830:
Royal coup, in which a monarch not normally involved in government seizes all power. For example, the
5813:
to obtain re-election of a previously fairly elected official or political party. For example, in the
3092:
emerged as the world's largest democracy and continues to be so. Countries that were once part of the
2157:
was the first case in the Western world of a polity being formed with the explicit purpose of being a
22919:
22697:
22657:
22098:
20605:
20548:
20133:
19153:
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8407:
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5481:
4902:
4875:
3545:
2866:
2835:
2811:
2600:
1997:
1835:
1688:, the powers of the majority are exercised within the framework of a representative democracy, but a
30:
14746:"Waves of autocratization and democratization: a critical note on conceptualization and measurement"
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10087:
8835:
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in 2003 was seen as a major step forward by many supporters of this type of cosmopolitan democracy.
4269:
is a semi-direct democracy. At the federal level, citizens can propose changes to the constitution (
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in its favour, then a branch of the system can accumulate too much power and destroy the democracy.
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15713:
Schulz, Winfried (2014). "Mediatization and New Media". In Esser, Frank; StrömbÀck, Jesper (eds.).
13797:"The Matthew effect in political science: head start and key reforms important for democratization"
12922:
12754:
The Political Potential of Sortition: A study of the random selection of citizens for public office
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10962:
10724:
10540:
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extensively studied the historic attempts at and arguments on democracy in his preparation for the
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6327:
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4812:
4718:
4490:. Strongly limited constitutional monarchies, such as the United Kingdom, have been referred to as
4415:
4333:
4116:
3591:
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1781:
1585:
774:
575:
420:
280:
15637:
Broadcasting, voice, and accountability: A public interest approach to policy, law, and regulation
15292:
Blumler, Jay G. (2014). "Mediatization and Democracy". In Esser, Frank; StrömbÀck, Jesper (eds.).
14940:"Hybrid regimes and the challenges of deepening and sustaining democracy in developing countries1"
9322:
6861:
has put the public service model under increased pressure from competition with commercial media.
5107:, which ideally would enhance public control over, and accountability in, international politics.
4568:
has many different meanings, but today often refers to a representative democracy with an elected
2953:
2724:
property ownership or taxpaying requirements. With few exceptions, no blacks or women could vote.
2092:
Athenian democracy took the form of direct democracy, and it had two distinguishing features: the
1928:
because it is defined as a form of government in which all eligible citizens have an equal say in
1869:
is the dominant form. Without compensation, like legal protections of individual or group rights,
1729:, as distinct from that which existed in antiquity, is generally considered to have originated in
22575:
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21782:
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20352:
20263:
19414:
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19356:
19138:
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17642:
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16859:
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12590:
12564:"'A republic, if you can keep it': Did Ben Franklin really say Impeachment Day's favorite quote?"
11445:"When do deliberative citizens change their opinions? Evidence from the Irish Citizens' Assembly"
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7059:
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believe in direct democracy implemented through a system of communes (which are sometimes called
4702:
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Representatives may be elected or become diplomatic representatives by a particular district (or
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systems. World public opinion strongly favors democratic systems of government. According to the
1622:
1432:
999:
580:
515:
425:
400:
255:
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14939:
12876:
12455:
O'Neil, Patrick H. Essentials of Comparative Politics. 3rd ed. New York: W.W. Norton 2010. Print
10411:
10389:
9709:
Voting in Revolutionary America: A Study of Elections in the Original Thirteen States, 1776â1789
6708:
have proposed a number of functions that the mass media are expected to fulfill in a democracy:
6658:
moments in modern democracies; they have termed the societies produced by modern democracies as
4036:: Committee of military leaders controls the government; constitutional provisions are suspended
2065:". The first attested use of the word democracy is found in prose works of the 430s BC, such as
57: allowed tens of millions of South Africans, including Mandela, to vote for the first time.
22747:
22737:
22326:
22257:
22242:
21723:
21682:
20753:
20733:
20583:
20253:
19881:
19706:
19608:
19565:
19424:
19305:
18712:
18657:
18148:
16653:
16590:
16585:
15670:
The Disinformation Age: Politics, Technology, and Disruptive Communication in the United States
14465:
14344:
12896:
7847:
6807:
6605:
6312:
6302:
6269:
6197:
6152:
6132:
6113:
6053:
6043:
6038:
6018:
5906:
5885:
5850:
5842:
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5585:
5315:
5078:
5020:
4914:
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4743:
4202:
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are considered by many scholars as practical examples of deliberative democracy, with a recent
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136:
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111:
21:
For representative democracy, which operates under the principles of classical liberalism, see
20620:
16253:
15167:
15093:
13647:
Hawkins, Kirk Andrew; Carlin, Ryan E.; Littvay, Levente; Rovira Kaltwasser, CristĂłbal (eds.).
12001:
10837:
Greskovitz, BĂ©la (2015). "The Hollowing and Backsliding of Democracy in East-Central Europe".
10360:
9866:
9321:. Bureau of International Information Programs (IIP), U.S. Department of State. Archived from
8884:
6693:
The theory of democracy relies on the implicit assumption that voters are well informed about
3239:
1938:, though often popularly associated with democracy because of the shared principle of rule by
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17531:
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17463:
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16500:
16045:
13445:
Meernik, James (1996). "United States Military Intervention and the Promotion of Democracy".
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9713:
9707:
9472:
9263:
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390:
352:
327:
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19404:
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15159:
12816:"The Calculus of Consensus Democracy: Rethinking Patterns of Democracy Without Veto Players"
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7355:
5034:
again autonomous regarding issues that affect only the population affected by that council.
4800:. To many anarchists, the only form of democracy considered acceptable is direct democracy.
2284:
composed of cardinals since 1059. The first documented parliamentary body in Europe was the
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22607:
22520:
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9476:
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9395:
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6842:
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6342:
6244:
6177:
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6103:
6083:
5989:
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in 1990 to nearly 20% in 2005. More controversially and rare, it can also take the form of
5452:
International democracy promotion typically takes three forms: assistance, monitoring, and
5447:
5387:
5291:. The shareholder democracy framework may be inaccurate for companies which have different
5258:
5183:
4845:
4755:
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4694:
4681:
4657:
4408:
4374:
3907:
3888:
3706:
3490:
2760:
2710:
2514:
2409:
granted the sejmiks the right to decide on taxes and to convene a mass mobilization in the
2406:
2305:
2301:
1975:
1910:
1657:
633:
435:
337:
270:
201:
196:
176:
82:
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19429:
15066:"Democratic Athens as an Experimental System: History and the Project of Political Theory"
14888:
14871:
14329:
13388:
13371:
13151:
13132:
12357:
Fenichel Pitkin, Hanna (September 2004). "Representation and democracy: uneasy alliance".
10584:
9107:
9090:
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and information brochures for each vote (and can send it back by post). Switzerland has a
1684:âand therefore mostly take precedence on a constitutional level. In the common variant of
8:
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17587:
17328:
16944:
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16643:
16580:
16565:
14592:
Daly, Tom Gerald (2019). "Democratic Decay: Conceptualising an Emerging Research Field".
12568:
12225:
11032:
8311:
R. Po-chia Hsia, Lynn Hunt, Thomas R. Martin, Barbara H. Rosenwein, and Bonnie G. Smith,
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that allow people to communicate mainly with groups of like-minded people, the so-called
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In other countries, the monarchy was abolished along with the aristocratic system (as in
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first appeared in ancient Greek political and philosophical thought in the city-state of
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Rhodes-Purdy, Matthew; Madrid, RaĂșl L. (27 November 2019). "The perils of personalism".
10514:
9787:
9738:
8364:
Davies, John K. (1977). "Athenian Citizenship: The Descent Group and the Alternatives".
8055:
8002:
The Age of the Democratic Revolution: Political History of Europe and America, 1760â1800
7781:
Comparative Politics: Interests, Identities, and Institutions in a Changing Global Order
4701:
are some examples. Many democratic socialists and social democrats believe in a form of
3734:, freedom of expression, various aspects of governance, democratic norm transgressions,
1958:. In a modern sense the republican form of government is a form of government without a
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22924:
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a cognitive effect (competence to make rational choices, better information-processing)
5284:
5135:
4986:
4841:
4735:
4710:
4581:
4347:
4321:
4182:
3949:
Head of government (president) is popularly elected and independent of the legislature
3881:
3750:
3419:
Among modern political theorists, there are three contending conceptions of democracy:
3097:
3088:, and again most of the new independent states had nominally democratic constitutions.
2938:
2914:
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2652:
2596:
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1808:
1004:
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520:
465:
240:
235:
156:
121:
116:
104:
54:
21050:
19481:
18650:
15391:
Soft news goes to war. Public opinion and american foreign policy in the new media era
15223:
Barnett, Steven (2002). "Will a crisis in journalism provoke a crisis in democracy?".
14434:
14388:
14066:
10772:"Freedom House: Democracy Scores for Most Countries Decline for 12th Consecutive Year"
9868:
Encyclopedia of Minorities in American Politics: African Americans and Asian Americans
7329:
3320:, in countries like Poland, Turkey and Hungary. For example, in Poland, the President
2535:
led lives that were "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short" and constantly waged a
22727:
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22617:
22602:
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13693:
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13505:
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13291:
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13111:
13073:
12909:
Smooha, S. 'The model of ethnic democracy: Israel as a Jewish and democratic state',
12887:
12800:
12677:
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8803:
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5476:
Democracy promotion can increase the quality of already existing democracies, reduce
5119:
4990:
4882:
is a consociational democracy approach for supranational democracies. This system in
4871:
4805:
4782:
4781:). This system can begin with workplace democracy and ultimately manifests itself as
4731:
4648:
4604:
4545:
4013:
3698:
3586:
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1906:
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1801:
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989:
941:
769:
702:
623:
550:
275:
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92:
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22:
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19555:
18976:
14971:
14149:
13860:
13763:
13689:
13633:
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13086:
11829:
10294:
Elections in Asia and the Pacific: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific
9537:
9124:
7608:
7167:
4346:. The most common mechanisms involve election of the candidate with a majority or a
2717:, something that was not included in most other democracies until the 20th century.
2007:
turn despotic. At the same time, small political units were vulnerable to conquest.
22488:
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22252:
22156:
22020:
21909:
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20208:
20203:
20178:
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15576:
15532:
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14951:
14883:
14814:
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14710:
14691:
Hyde, Susan D. (2020). "Democracy's backsliding in the international environment".
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13233:
Daron Acemoglu; Suresh Naidu; Pascual Restrepo; James A. Robinson (February 2019).
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12858:
12827:
12780:
12368:
12138:
11874:
11817:
11556:
11456:
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11136:
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10873:
10846:
10688:
9959:. Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies, Harvard University. Archived from
9802:
9753:
9377:
9357:
9102:
9061:
9030:
8987:
8795:
8672:
8457:
Reproducing Athens: Menander's Comedy, Democratic Culture, and the Hellenistic City
8134:
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7444:
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3868:
3739:
3483:
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3221:
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2841:
The voting franchise in the United Kingdom was expanded and made more uniform in a
2676:
2581:
2499:
2478:
2241:
2003:
1789:
1749:
1704:
1700:
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1163:
1037:
779:
759:
560:
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505:
332:
220:
181:
171:
151:
21190:
19434:
15715:
Mediatization of politics: Understanding the transformation of Western democracies
15685:
Mediatization of politics: Understanding the transformation of Western democracies
15357:
Mediatization of politics: Understanding the transformation of Western democracies
15309:
Mediatization of politics: Understanding the transformation of Western democracies
15294:
Mediatization of politics: Understanding the transformation of Western democracies
14819:
14802:
14764:
14669:
14570:
14512:
13497:
12862:
11821:
10877:
10146:
8313:
The Making of the West, Peoples and Cultures, A Concise History, Volume I: To 1740
7805:
6777:
has allowed military logic to penetrate public institutions, leading to increased
5253:
3251:, in 2007 there were 123 electoral democracies (up from 40 in 1972). According to
2948:
2324:
into ruling clans (lineages) that were represented at a great assembly called the
1630:
22862:
22802:
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21991:
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14459:
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9496:
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8292:
8000:
7944:
7736:
7649:
7524:
7260:
6982:
6960:
6877:
6687:
Further information on the role of the mass media in the democratic process:
6568:
6392:
6352:
6137:
5723:
5598:
5564:
5558:
5480:, and the chance of democratic backsliding. Democracy promotion measures include
5391:
5311:
4954:
4950:
4808:
4194:
4165:
system and votes (and elections) are organised about four times a year; here, to
4023:
3912:
Head of government is elected or nominated by and accountable to the legislature
3743:
3472:
3299:
3205:
3130:
3126:
3054:
3043:
2968:
2846:
2714:
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2543:
would posit a different interpretation of social contract theory. Writing in his
2532:
2392:
2380:
2317:
2313:
2273:
2146:
1917:
1851:
1681:
1642:
1566:
1554:
1481:
1454:
1310:
1300:
1097:
994:
661:
485:
445:
230:
19573:
16232:
16002:
The early history of Rome: books I-V of The history of Rome from its foundations
15048:
A/AS Level History for AQA Democracy and Nazism: Germany, 1918â1945 Student Book
13481:
13458:
13219:
12466:"64. The British Empire in 1914. Wells, H.G. 1922. A Short History of the World"
8348:
7687:
6841:
has recommended public service broadcasting in order to strengthen democracy in
22892:
22812:
22767:
22707:
22672:
22464:
22377:
22282:
22190:
21981:
21815:
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21541:
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21135:
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20773:
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20703:
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19696:
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19504:
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18855:
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18041:
17562:
17501:
17491:
17486:
17240:
17235:
17119:
16889:
16814:
16718:
16683:
16334:
16182:(2016) "What is Democracy? A Reconceptualization of the Quality of Democracy".
16104:
14605:
14286:
14208:
13815:
13796:
13520:"Book Review: Against Elections: The Case for Democracy by David Van Reybrouck"
12517:
12283:
12075:, Chapter Three: Who is Running the Show? The Workings of Zapatista Government.
11339:
10434:"World | South Asia | Country profiles | Country profile: India"
8910:
6916:
6789:
6757:
and less as debates about ideologies and issues. The dominating media focus on
6716:
6497:
6387:
6157:
5870:
5810:
5736:
5489:
5453:
5432:
5375:
5262:
5244:
5111:
5100:
5065:
4963:
4883:
4849:
4815:
for opposing democracy, and says "majority rule" is consistent with anarchism.
4627:
4585:
4541:
4450:
4437:
4033:
3860:
3640:
3519:
3504:
3476:
3328:. In Turkey, thousands of judges were removed from their positions following a
3256:
3185:
3171:
3159:
3151:
3093:
3085:
3070:
3062:
2964:
2942:
2894:
2687:
2503:
2474:
2442:
2281:
2269:
2261:
2173:
2141:
2012:
1870:
1855:
1827:
1812:
1793:
1734:
1459:
1390:
1295:
1128:
1042:
590:
480:
250:
42:
16242:
14955:
14251:
14234:
14082:
13889:
Cultural Evolution: People's Motivations Are Changing, and Reshaping the World
13666:
13615:
13327:
13308:
13203:
13001:
11220:
11140:
11012:
10570:
9442:
Curte, Merle (1937). "The Great Mr. Locke: America's Philosopher, 1783â1861".
9361:
9066:
9049:
8991:
8886:
The First English Revolution: Simon de Montfort, Henry III and the Barons' War
8817:
8676:
7389:. Vol. 7 (Expo '70 hardcover ed.). William Benton. pp. 215â23.
7044:. It counted all residents for apportionment including slaves, overriding the
6623:
famously opposed democracy, arguing for a 'government of the best qualified';
5718:, or the violation of individual rights that underpin democracies, especially
5029:
or participatory polity is a theoretical form of democracy that is ruled by a
4981:
Inclusive democracy is a political theory and political project that aims for
3181:
2627:
1924:
of all the voters, democracy can also be characterised as a form of political
1898:
1744:
Democracy contrasts with forms of government where power is not vested in the
22913:
22847:
22732:
22647:
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20990:
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20708:
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20573:
20515:
20198:
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19681:
19651:
19631:
19295:
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19051:
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16520:
16450:
16354:
16190:
15977:
15581:
15564:
15464:
14963:
14260:
13933:
13417:
13397:
12847:"The shift to consensus democracy and limits of institutional design in Asia"
12831:
11878:
11568:
11560:
11468:
11460:
11315:
11148:
10885:
10796:
10289:
9947:
9523:
9451:
9369:
9116:
9075:
8999:
8787:
8684:
8573:
8377:
8240:
8170:
7586:
7543:
7519:
7456:
7311:
7245:
7237:
7191:
6742:
6727:
Mechanisms for holding officials to account for how they have exercised power
6659:
6624:
6397:
6264:
6217:
6093:
5791:
5740:
5703:
5691:
5610:
5546:
5534:
5450:. In practice, it entails consolidating and building democratic institutions
5428:
5001:
in "Towards An Inclusive Democracy" and was further developed in the journal
4906:
4600:
4569:
4557:
4158:
4138:
4133:
3958:
3713:
3494:
3399:
3248:
2518:
2434:
2359:
2181:
1985:
1943:
1866:
1693:
1673:
1665:
1634:
1626:
1346:
1241:
1143:
1133:
974:
490:
357:
310:
186:
21674:
16259:
16021:
15815:
15527:
15236:
14994:
Comparing Political Regimes: A Thematic Introduction to Comparative Politics
14714:
14424:
14378:
13875:
Modernisation, Cultural Change and Democracy: The Human Development Sequence
13599:
12142:
12115:
10850:
7541:
Popper, Karl (23 April 1988). "The open society and its enemies revisited",
7221:
7052:. For state elections, it was not until the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 6â3 in
2885:. Later that year, a new constitution was promulgated, which provided for a
2108:
in the sense that decisions were made by the assembled people, but also the
1980:
22882:
22682:
22587:
22433:
22407:
22316:
21998:
21986:
21934:
21894:
21889:
21753:
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21546:
21230:
21220:
21210:
21075:
21070:
21010:
20985:
20955:
20950:
20857:
20852:
20698:
20578:
20312:
20248:
20118:
20108:
20103:
20022:
20012:
19956:
19846:
19734:
19729:
19676:
19666:
19641:
19621:
19341:
19310:
19257:
19252:
19036:
18946:
18885:
18865:
18752:
18676:
18467:
18402:
18354:
18349:
18281:
18158:
18153:
17271:
17080:
16985:
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16678:
16663:
16389:
16148:
15900:
15823:
15546:
15448:
15065:
14931:
14722:
14642:
14141:
13426:
12983:, first published in United Nations World New York, October 1947, pp. 13â14
12408:
Keen, Benjamin, A History of Latin America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1980.
11862:
11496:. Theories of Institutional Design. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
11444:
7996:
7578:
7474:
6869:
6858:
6854:
6819:
6815:
6811:
6794:
6782:
6778:
6694:
5874:
5614:
5575:, including substantive political changes moving in a democratic direction.
5423:
5323:
5199:
5175:
4946:
4918:
4354:
4300:
3536:
3155:
3078:
3050:
3035:
2984:
2886:
2702:
2691:
2233:
2177:
2150:
2120:
1921:
1886:
1797:
1785:
1689:
1395:
1322:
1316:
1290:
1285:
1261:
1251:
1188:
1077:
897:
821:
16285:
15957:
13896:
13065:
12253:
12130:
11726:"The 'Varieties of Democracy' data: how do researchers measure democracy?"
11692:
11084:
9806:
9757:
8799:
8213:
7448:
7303:
3522:
argues that "democracy is a substantive, not a merely procedural, ideal."
3026:
2790:
22822:
22570:
22565:
22557:
22542:
22367:
22272:
22083:
21919:
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21822:
21787:
21245:
21240:
21175:
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21020:
20892:
20847:
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20625:
20563:
20500:
20283:
20258:
20183:
20143:
20113:
20088:
20068:
20047:
20027:
20007:
19997:
19966:
19831:
19686:
19471:
19267:
19041:
18880:
18759:
18742:
18737:
18319:
18294:
18128:
18078:
17245:
17178:
16995:
16914:
16698:
16673:
16623:
16535:
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16490:
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16465:
16455:
16440:
16435:
15077:
15061:
14358:
13262:
13049:
12490:
11718:
11429:
Designing Deliberative Democracy: The British Columbia Citizens' Assembly
11171:"Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII, Chapter 10 (1160a.31-1161a.9)"
11123:
Malka, Ariel; Lelkes, Yphtach; Bakker, Bert N.; Spivack, Eliyahu (2020).
10063:
The Politics of Disenfranchisement: Why is it So Hard to Vote in America?
9558:
9428:. Quote: "Government has no other end, but the preservation of property.
8911:"Simon de Montfort: The turning point for democracy that gets overlooked"
6995:
6904:
may undermine public trust in the political system and public officials.
6823:
6705:
6651:
6377:
6068:
5862:
5648:
5292:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5195:
4917:
minority opinions can potentially be ignored by vote-winning majorities.
4728:
4661:
4495:
4466:
4458:
4442:
4296:
4259:
4199:
3717:
3404:
3380:
3317:
3309:
3291:
3167:
2960:
2910:
2842:
2784:
2783:. In force for less than 19 months, it was declared null and void by the
2355:
2343:
2321:
2237:
2225:
2058:
2008:
1955:
1820:
1769:
1760:, less than half the world's population lives in a democracy as of 2022.
1730:
1708:
1649:
1618:
1400:
1385:
1327:
1198:
1062:
861:
856:
836:
826:
816:
470:
161:
38:
18701:
15635:
Buckley, Steve; Duer, Kreszentia; Mendel, Toby; SiochrĂș, SeĂĄn Ă (2008).
13234:
13161:
12102:
Dispersing Power: Social Movements as Anti-State Forces in Latin America
11576:
11544:
11493:
Democratic Innovations: Designing Institutions for Citizen Participation
11192:
10485:"How the Westminster Parliamentary System was exported around the World"
10457:"A Globalizing Constitutionalism?, Views from the Postcolony, 1945â2000"
9626:"Record of Ignatius Sancho's vote in the general election, October 1774"
9091:"Representation and Consent: Why They Arose in Europe and Not Elsewhere"
7192:"Democracy | Definition, History, Meaning, Types, Examples, & Facts"
7058:(1966) that all state poll taxes were unconstitutional as violating the
6976:
6563:
5771:. Some military coups are supported by foreign governments, such as the
4993:, moneyless and marketless economy, democracy in the social realm, i.e.
4149:
2576:
In the Cossack republics of Ukraine in the 16th and 17th centuries, the
1476:
656:
22353:
22341:
22311:
22277:
22217:
21899:
21628:
21436:
21336:
21185:
21105:
20877:
20768:
20610:
20553:
20530:
20495:
20444:
20434:
20402:
20347:
20173:
20153:
20078:
20042:
19946:
19931:
19856:
19781:
19691:
19671:
19656:
19626:
18875:
18786:
18643:
18618:
18608:
18546:
18492:
18374:
18314:
18103:
17461:
17000:
16929:
16819:
16738:
16723:
16703:
16515:
16485:
16475:
16445:
16320:
16195:
Beasts and Gods: How Democracy Changed Its Meaning and Lost its Purpose
15881:
13852:
13624:
13584:
12792:
12619:
The Soviet Economy on the Brink of Reform: Essays in Honor of Alec Nove
10674:"Democratising democracy: the road from women's to children's suffrage"
9527:, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, pp. 63â65, 74â75, 102â05, 114â15
9459:
9391:
9034:
8385:
8193:
7922:
7488:
V-Dem Institute DEMOCRACY REPORT 2022: Autocratization Changing Nature?
6912:
6908:
6889:
6838:
6698:
6452:
6382:
6249:
5644:
5248:
5141:
5115:
4774:
4724:
4654:
4632:
4362:
4289:
4285:
4255:
4251:
4186:
3900:
3855:
3279:
3225:
3139:
3118:
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 21, United Nations, 1948
2937:
20th-century transitions to liberal democracy have come in successive "
2562:
2540:
2430:
2289:
2245:
1745:
1581:
1562:
1550:
1405:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1337:
1178:
969:
851:
846:
710:
545:
475:
342:
15920:. National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER Working Paper No. w27949.
13568:
12967:"letter by Einstein â "To the General Assembly of the United Nations""
12465:
12135:
Referendums Around the World: The Continued Growth of Direct Democracy
12087:
Teaching Rebellion: Stories from the Grassroots Mobilization in Oaxaca
11427:
10992:
10956:
Democracy Facing Global Challenges: V-Dem Annual Democracy Report 2019
10169:"Black voting rights, 15th Amendment still challenged after 150 years"
10013:
William G. Shade, "The Second Party System". in Paul Kleppner, et al.
9501:
The Story of America: Freedom and Crisis from Settlement to Superpower
7432:
5567:, or democratisation, is the structural government transition from an
4576:, serving for a limited term, in contrast to states with a hereditary
3894:
3294:
political forces have gained ground everywhere from Poland (under the
3188:
taking the Oath of Office, becoming the first female president in Asia
2818:
after the Civil War, three constitutional amendments were passed: the
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15449:"Advances in the Study of Democratic Responsiveness: An Introduction"
14533:
14235:"The Non-Democratic Roots of Mass Education: Evidence from 200 Years"
13438:
11863:"Advances in the Study of Democratic Responsiveness: An Introduction"
11624:
11125:"Who Is Open to Authoritarian Governance within Western Democracies?"
9164:"From legal document to public myth: Magna Carta in the 17th century"
6827:
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A council court of randomly chosen citizens serves as a check on the
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2485:(1660) restored more autocratic rule, although Parliament passed the
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had its roots in the restrictions on the power of kings written into
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List. By Peter Reddaway. 18 February 2009. Downloaded 28 April 2017.
12784:
12741:
Anarchism, Or The Revolutionary Movement of the Twenty-first Century
12417:
Kuykendall, Ralph, Hawaii: A History. New York: Prentice Hall, 1948.
11658:
11634:
Power, Politics, and Society: An Introduction to Political Sociology
10785:"As populism rises, fragile democracies move to weaken their courts"
10276:
Reconstructing Gender in Middle East: Tradition, Identity, and Power
9050:"Political Institutions, Economic Liberty, and the Great Divergence"
7778:
Kopstein, Jeffrey; Lichbach, Mark; Hanson, Stephen E., eds. (2014).
5698:
in which the exercise of political power becomes more arbitrary and
5064:
is a form of democracy where the values of a particular religion or
4653:
A liberal democracy is a representative democracy which enshrines a
4166:
1894:
1890:
1854:. Though the term "democracy" is typically used in the context of a
1780:
and having equal access to legislative processes. For example, in a
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15863:
Prooijen, Jan-Willem van; Ligthart, Joline; Rosema, Sabine (2021).
15210:
Rich media, poor democracy: Communication politics in dubious times
14627:
Huq, Aziz Z (2021). "How (not) to explain a democratic recession".
14494:
14492:
13253:
7914:
7784:(4, revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 37â39.
6865:
6799:
6639:
6472:
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6407:
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well-being. The treasure in the fable may well symbolise democracy.
5383:
5163:
5145:
4910:
4796:
are split in this domain, depending on whether they believe that a
4770:
4564:
4470:
4343:
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brought a definitive reversal of this trend in Western Europe. The
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2612:
2604:
2396:
2197:
2185:
2158:
2086:
1989:
1951:
1935:
1776:
Democratic principles are reflected in all eligible citizens being
1738:
1593:
1280:
841:
811:
754:
565:
535:
500:
322:
18010:
15731:
Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina; Petrova, Maria; Enikolopov, Ruben (2020).
15622:
Can the Media Serve Democracy?: Essays in Honour of Jay G. Blumler
15569:
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
14314:
13795:
Lindenfors, Patrik; Wilson, Matthew; Lindberg, Staffan I. (2020).
13723:
International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences
13649:
The ideational approach to populism: concept, theory, and analysis
13003:
The Global Commonwealth of Citizens. Toward Cosmopolitan Democracy
12491:"Republic â Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary"
11254:
10710:
from the original on 20 April 2017 – via Rutgers University.
8493:
6833:
Many media scholars have discussed non-commercial news media with
5419:
5322:, i.e. an election, and that political decisions must reflect the
4727:
groups have interpreted socialist democracy to be synonymous with
4350:
of the votes. Most western countries have representative systems.
2379:
to Europe's relative political fragmentation. Political scientist
22692:
22547:
22459:
21638:
21551:
20439:
20407:
20397:
20168:
20128:
19961:
19886:
19871:
19851:
18457:
17511:
17210:
16975:
16934:
16879:
16854:
16708:
16530:
16430:
15192:
Time to Remove the Bananas...and Return Our Republic to Democracy
14845:
Cassani, Andrea; Tomini, Luca (2019). "What Autocratization Is".
14411:
Mellinger, Andrew D., Jeffrey Sachs, and John L. Gallup. (1999).
13646:
13309:"Reanalysing the link between democracy and economic development"
11598:
11543:
Geissel, Brigitte; Kneuer, Marianne; Lauth, Hans-Joachim (2016).
9993:] (in Polish). Polish Scientific Publishers PWN. p. 12.
8163:"Book IX. Of Laws in the Relation They Bear to a Defensive Force"
6663:
6655:
5845:
can end democracy in a gradual manner, by increasing emphasis on
5283:
principle. Shareholders may vote annually to elect the company's
4766:
4577:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4462:
4308:
4222:
4061:
3384:
3233:
3004:
3000:
2980:
2780:
2725:
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2588:
was elected by the representatives from the country's districts.
2253:
2249:
1959:
1638:
1082:
919:
909:
16256:, hundreds of interviews with democracy experts around the world
14803:"A third wave of autocratization is here: what is new about it?"
14737:
14489:
13177:
11744:
10219:"1848 " DĂ©sormais le bulletin de vote doit remplacer le fusil ""
8469:
6646:. They have characterized most modern democracies as democratic
2413:. He also pledged not to create new laws without their consent.
1865:
Democracies may use many different decision-making methods, but
22712:
20387:
20188:
19976:
19951:
19941:
19911:
19896:
18747:
17215:
17050:
17005:
16344:
16339:
15999:
Livy; De SĂ©lincourt, A.; Ogilvie, R. M.; Oakley, S. P. (2002).
14938:
Rocha Menocal, Alina; Fritz, Verena; Rakner, Lise (June 2008).
14872:"Unwelcome Change: Coming to Terms with Democratic Backsliding"
13090:
11443:
Suiter, Jane; Farrell, David M; O'Malley, Eoin (1 March 2016).
11028:"History tells us there are four key threats to U.S. democracy"
7431:
Anderson, Christopher J.; Bol, Damien; Ananda, Aurelia (2021).
7062:
of the Fourteenth Amendment. This removed a burden on the poor.
6492:
5572:
5436:
5191:
4959:
4530:
4510:
4502:
4478:
4230:
4226:
3449:
3008:
2862:
2636:
2632:
2395:
was characterized by an increase in the activity of the middle
2388:
2229:
2221:
2153:, came from a few wealthy and noble families. In addition, the
2124:
2042:
1558:
1246:
585:
15070:
Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics Paper No. 110512
12729:
Social Anarchism or Lifestyle Anarchism: An Unbridgeable Chasm
12593:
The Founders' Constitution: Volume 1, Chapter 18, Introduction
12451:
12449:
12447:
12445:
11986:
U.K. Preuss, "Perspectives of Democracy and the Rule of Law".
11047:
Lieberman, By Suzanne Mettler and Robert C. (10 August 2020).
9654:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 188â221.
9426:
Two Treatises on Government: a Translation into Modern English
7352:
Two Treatises on Government: a Translation into Modern English
5247:
has postulated a system that fuses elements of democracy with
4026:: Power is constitutionally linked to a single political party
2469:
in 1628 which established certain liberties for subjects. The
1792:, in which citizens vote on issues directly. According to the
22677:
22667:
22662:
22134:
22129:
20417:
19906:
19841:
18633:
16272:
16061:
DÄmokratia: a conversation on democracies, ancient and modern
15606:
The Democratic Value of News: Why Public Service Media Matter
14833:
The decline of democratic regime attributes â autocratization
7633:
Dahl, Robert A.; Shapiro, Ian; Cheibub, José AntÎnio (2003).
7259:
Dahl, Robert A.; Shapiro, Ian; Cheibub, Jose Antonio (2003).
6730:
Incentives for citizens to learn, choose, and become involved
6620:
5655:
5187:
4544:) or else became elective and remained powerful (as with the
4534:
4526:
4506:
4474:
4454:
3089:
3020:
3016:
2992:
2988:
2426:
2272:, was a similar body to the Scandinavian thing. In the Roman
2265:
2210:
1877:". Majority rule involves a competitive approach, opposed to
1843:
1712:
15959:
The Democracy Project : a history, a crisis, a movement
15730:
14585:
13981:, American Historical Review, Feb 1984, p. 98, available at
9668:. London: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 31.
7433:"Humanity's Attitudes about Democracy and Political Leaders"
5545:, often created as a result of an incomplete change from an
3849:
Democracy indices § Difficulties in measuring democracy
3489:
Governments will tend to produce laws and policies that are
3316:
political ideologies were gaining ground, at the expense of
2732:
of 1787 is the oldest surviving, still active, governmental
22807:
20412:
19836:
18199:
16078:
Raaflaub, Kurt A.; Ober, Josiah; Wallace, Robert W (2007).
16022:"A Sign in the Sky: Dating the League of the Haudenosaunee"
15774:
Media, Communication and the Struggle for Democratic Change
15151:
15126:
15100:
12442:
10386:"Age of Dictators: Totalitarianism in the inter-war period"
9836:"Expansion of Rights and Liberties â The Right of Suffrage"
5803:
Suspension of the constitution by decree, such as with the
5456:. In financial terms, democracy promotion grew from 2% of
5303:
Several justifications for democracy have been postulated.
5179:
3871:, are included in some democracy indices but not in others.
3553:
3012:
2401:
2277:
1859:
1536:
14863:
13543:"Civics Education Helps Create Young Voters and Activists"
13131:
Gerring, John; Knutsen, Carl Henrik; Berge, Jonas (2022).
8481:
8074:
7976:, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, p. 168,
6900:
than true stories. The proliferation of false stories and
4052: Dependent territories and places without governments
4006:: Monarch holds significant executive or legislative power
19981:
19876:
17011:
16153:
Democracy May Not Exist, but We'll Miss It When It's Gone
13758:. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 1â7.
13714:
13684:. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 1â7.
13050:"From Democratization to "Guided Democracy""
11797:
11442:
11076:
Backsliding: Democratic Regress in the Contemporary World
10338:"Mini-Trumps Are Running for Election All Over the World"
10029:"The Evolution of Suffrage Institutions in the New World"
7901:
Kelsen, Hans (October 1955). "Foundations of democracy".
7040:
in 1868 altered the way each state is represented in the
5541:
A democratic transition describes a phase in a countries
5457:
4307:
and a representative state government. For example, most
4292:, which is a state that has more than 20 million voters.
3455:
Different variants of aggregative democracy exist. Under
3452:, where the policy with the most votes gets implemented.
3059:
American, British, and French sectors of occupied Germany
2814:, the slave population had grown to four million, and in
15634:
14937:
13794:
13404:
13204:"Democracy and the Management of International Conflict"
12935:"Article on Cosmopolitan democracy by Daniele Archibugi"
12903:
11122:
10994:
Four Threats: The Recurring Crises of American Democracy
9788:"The Right to Vote and the Rise of Democracy, 1787â1828"
9739:"The Right to Vote and the Rise of Democracy, 1787â1828"
8126:
8031:
The end of kings: a history of republics and republicans
7851:. Express Publications (Madurai) Limited. Archived from
5140:
Creative democracy is advocated by American philosopher
5103:, as well as the creation of new institutions such as a
2531:(1651), Hobbes theorized that individuals living in the
22792:
15376:
Democracy in the Age of Globalization and Mediatization
15324:
Democracy in the Age of Globalization and Mediatization
14413:"Climate, Water Navigability, and Economic Development"
14064:
13830:
13087:
Putin's Rule: Its Main Features and the Current Diarchy
12994:
Cosmopolitan Democracy. An Agenda for a New World Order
12274:
11788:"Democracy Report 2023, Table 3, V-Dem Institute, 2023"
11700:"Democracy data: how do researchers measure democracy?"
11412:
Ethan J. "Can Direct Democracy Be Made Deliberative?",
10774:, VOA News, 16 January 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
10751:"Biden Says Democracy Is Winning. It's Not That Simple"
8762:
Heritage and Identity: Shaping the Nations of the North
8623:
8596:
8262:
Democracy: the unfinished journey 508 BC â 1993 AD
6721:
Platforms for an intelligible and illuminating advocacy
3535:
is based on the notion that democracy is government by
2929:
The number of nations 1800â2003 scoring 8 or higher on
2748:, about 6% of the population was eligible to vote. The
2671:(restated in the Bill of Rights 1689) and the Scottish
1569:
and human rights in addition to competitive elections.
15862:
13482:"Getting Out the Vote with Voting Advice Applications"
13372:"How International Actors Help Enforce Domestic Deals"
12426:
Brown, Charles H., The Correspondents' War. New York:
9690:
The right to vote and the rise of democracy, 1787â1828
8644:
8533:"Ancient Rome from the earliest times down to 476 A.D"
8315:(Boston and New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2007), 44.
8062:
8034:(2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
7949:
Women and human development: the capabilities approach
7777:
7038:
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
6612:) and external ones who reject the values promoted by
5295:
that further alter the distribution of voting rights.
4962:, are not democratic at all, or are at best a sort of
4822:, similar to Proudhon's position on direct democracy.
4157:, without needing to register, every citizen receives
3842:
3746:, and popular support of anti-democratic alternatives.
2849:
and continued into the 20th century, notably with the
2296:, established in 1358 and centered around the city of
15337:
Cappella, Joseph N.; Jamieson, Kathleen Hall (1997).
15330:
15243:
14849:. Springer International Publishing. pp. 15â35.
14330:"The Effect of the TseTse Fly on African Development"
12032:. Stockholm, Sweden: International IDEA, 2008. Print.
8759:
Fladmark, J. M.; Heyerdahl, Thor (17 November 2015).
8124:
7609:"direct democracy | Definition, History, & Facts"
7286:
MĂžller, JĂžrgen; Skaaning, Svend-Erik (January 2013).
5472:
Banner in Hong Kong asking for democracy, August 2019
4046:: No constitutionally defined basis to current regime
2901:. Only men above the age of 30 who were competent in
2705:(all men and women above age of 25 could vote). This
2591:
In North America, representative government began in
2565:
thought and profoundly influenced the leaders of the
2384:
consent of the governed to ward off foreign threats.
15733:"Political effects of the internet and social media"
15612:
15368:
15366:
15252:
Democracy and the mass media: A collection of essays
14228:
14226:
13756:
The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies
13682:
The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies
13673:
13000:, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1995, Daniele Archibugi,
12814:
McGann, Anthony J.; Latner, Michael (16 July 2013).
10216:
8565:
7843:"All-party meet vows to uphold Parliament supremacy"
6972:
5779:. Other types of a sudden end to democracy include:
5735:
Some democratic governments have experienced sudden
3875:
16077:
15726:
15724:
15137:. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 1â16.
14429:. Vol. 1. pp. 385â472, Sections 5 to 10.
13754:Arugay, Aries A. (2021). "Democratic Transitions".
13680:Arugay, Aries A. (2021). "Democratic Transitions".
13130:
12028:Beramendi, Virginia, and Jennifer Somalie. Angeyo.
10093:. A National Historic Landmarks Theme Study. 2009.
10027:Engerman, Stanley L.; Sokoloff, Kenneth L. (2005).
9567:. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 145â49.
8926:"The January Parliament and how it defined Britain"
8475:
8280:
5174:countries that do not claim to be democratic (only
2826:(1869) that gave black people citizenship, and the
2775:of 3 May 1791 sought to implement a more effective
2765:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
2701:in 1755 was an early attempt to adopt a democratic
2521:was the first philosopher to articulate a detailed
2328:. However, the charter made Mali more similar to a
2149:, so most high officials, including members of the
2112:in the sense that the people through the assembly,
1962:. Because of this, democracies can be republics or
1796:, democracy "provides an environment that respects
15655:Democracy and the Media: A Comparative Perspective
15558:
15556:
15406:Creating fear: News and the construction of crisis
15166:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.
15016:
14869:
14847:Autocratization in post-Cold War Political Regimes
14383:. Vol. 1. pp. 385â472, Sections 1 to 4.
14034:Weapons systems and political stability: a history
14000:Weapons systems and political stability: a history
13992:
13990:
12334:Representative Democracy: Principles and Genealogy
12137:, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 65â121,
11545:"Measuring the quality of democracy: Introduction"
11542:
10908:"Global overview of COVID-19: Impact on elections"
10863:
9138:Lukowski, Jerzy; Zawadzki, Hubert (January 2019).
8924:
7951:. Cambridge New York: Cambridge University Press.
7840:
7709:Kimber, Richard (September 1989). "On democracy".
7632:
7258:
5838:dismissed parliament and started ruling by decree.
4689:thought has several different views on democracy.
3939:Parliamentary republic with an executive president
2917:by recognizing women as having the right to vote.
17522:Cabinet department / Office of the prime minister
16121:Silent Coup: How Corporations Overthrew Democracy
16050:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
15998:
15787:Vosoughi, Soroush; Roy, Deb; Aral, Sinan (2018).
15648:
15646:
15363:
15339:Spiral of cynicism: The press and the public good
14223:
14133:20.500.11820/a86dbef4-60eb-44fa-add3-513841cdf81b
13107:The Sharia State: Arab Spring and Democratization
12663:
12030:Direct Democracy: The International Idea Handbook
10136:
9384:
8758:
8553:
8125:Thorhallsson, Baldur; Steinsson, Sverrir (2017),
7430:
6857:than the commercial media. However, the trend of
3996:holds significant executive and legislative power
2876:In 1876, the Ottoman Empire transitioned from an
2651:was established in 1707, after the merger of the
22911:
16144:, 6 Volumes New York : Bloomsbury Academic.
15865:"The entertainment value of conspiracy theories"
15858:
15856:
15721:
15446:
15427:
15425:
15336:
15267:
15249:
14909:"The Nature of Democratic Backsliding in Europe"
14800:
14285:
14065:Glaeser, E.; Ponzetto, G.; Shleifer, A. (2007).
12250:"Radical Revolution â The Thermidorean Reaction"
11860:
10112:"Introduction â Social Aspects of the Civil War"
9137:
7508:
7506:
5702:. The process typically restricts the space for
5009:The International Journal of Inclusive Democracy
4921:typically require consensus or supermajorities.
3467:. Contemporary proponents of minimalism include
3463:articulated this view most famously in his book
1788:, while other uses of "democracy" may encompass
16111:. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199697670.
15934:
15786:
15771:
15672:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 238â258.
15657:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 402â448.
15618:
15553:
15507:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
15447:Esaiasson, Peter; Wlezien, Christopher (2017).
15287:
15285:
15283:
15254:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 269â289.
15201:
14556:
14540:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp.86-96.
14327:
14194:
14030:
14003:. University Press of America. pp. 38â39.
13996:
13987:
12356:
12004:. In Clarke, Paul A.B.; Foweraker, Joe (eds.).
11861:Esaiasson, Peter; Wlezien, Christopher (2017).
10661:. United States: Raintree Steck- Vaugh company.
10539:. Freedomhouse.org. 10 May 2004. Archived from
10278:. Columbia University Press. 1995. p. 101.
10139:"Fifteenth Amendment: Framing and ratification"
10088:"Civil Rights in America: Racial Voting Rights"
8785:
8499:
8350:The Early State, Its Alternatives and Analogues
7773:
7771:
6892:, voice their opinions, and organize protests.
5932:for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling
5239:. Corporations may also employ systems such as
4145:, an example of direct democracy in Switzerland
3724:mechanisms of regime transformation processes.
3129:and the former colonies). A subsequent wave of
3032:Soviet of Workers' Deputies of Saint Petersburg
2999:, as well as non-democratic governments in the
2941:", variously resulting from wars, revolutions,
2933:scale, another widely used measure of democracy
2184:, is considered one of the first examples of a
2097:excluded women, slaves, foreigners (ÎŒÎÏÎżÎčÎșÎżÎč /
1707:, to mean "rule of the people", in contrast to
16114:
15643:
15639:. World Bank and University of Michigan Press.
15350:
15348:
14944:South African Journal of International Affairs
14457:
14291:Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy
14102:
13721:Munck, G.L. (2001). "Democratic Transitions".
13479:
12845:Kasuya, Yuko; Reilly, Benjamin (4 July 2023).
12223:
12173:"Article on direct democracy by Imraan Buccus"
12116:"A Very Different Ideology in the Middle East"
11611:Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project
11072:
11025:
10461:Constitutionalism and political reconstruction
9186:"Magna Carta: Magna Carta in the 17th Century"
7747:
7665:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
7285:
6712:Surveillance of the sociopolitical environment
4357:), or represent the entire electorate through
3887:or any branch of government from altering the
2794:1850s lithograph marking the establishment of
2079:also strongly alludes to the word in his play
1950:the people are to rule. Classically the term "
1846:, parliamentary sovereignty is subject to the
21704:
21690:
19797:
18562:
18026:
17447:
17373:Autonomous types of first-tier administration
16301:
16264:
15853:
15780:
15652:
15422:
15397:
14844:
14801:LĂŒhrmann, Anna; Lindberg, Staffan I. (2019).
14103:Deary, I.J.; Batty, G.D.; Gale, C.R. (2008).
13877:, 2005. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
13802:Humanities and Social Sciences Communications
13598:Karp, Jeffrey A.; Banducci, Susan A. (2008).
13348:The Oxford Handbook of Authoritarian Politics
13284:
13006:, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2008
12996:, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1995; David Held,
12505:
12230:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 8â11.
10020:
9946:
9400:. Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press.
9347:
7971:
7503:
7380:
7378:
6586:
5894:disfranchisement after the Reconstruction era
5569:authoritarian government to a more democratic
5219:decide policy and leadership by voting. Most
5210:
4320:The use of a lot system, a characteristic of
4086:
2752:limited U.S. citizenship to whites only. The
1499:
679:
20303:
18691:
18662:
18648:
16026:American Indian Culture and Research Journal
15765:
15628:
15597:
15494:
15479:
15372:
15306:
15280:
15263:
15261:
15216:
14996:. University of Toronto Press. p. 285.
14991:
14037:. University Press of America. p. 307.
13919:
13597:
12844:
12813:
11780:
11425:
10931:
10263:International Journal of Middle East Studies
9142:(3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
8977:
8432:The Origins of Citizenship in Ancient Athens
7768:
7660:
7512:
7157:
5722:. Democratic backsliding is the opposite of
5549:regime to a democratic one (or vice versa).
5265:that are co-governed by students and staff.
3174:, who would later be known as the mother of
20239:
18757:
16315:
16058:
16020:Mann, Barbara A.; Fields, Jerry L. (1997).
15913:
15706:
15691:
15345:
15300:
15162:The Principles of Representative Government
14987:
14985:
14630:International Journal of Constitutional Law
14105:"Bright children become enlightened adults"
12217:
12199:"A Citizen's Guide To Vermont Town Meeting"
12129:SerdĂŒlt, Uwe (2014), Qvortrup, Matt (ed.),
11942:, Princeton University Press, 2006, p. 40,
11918:, Princeton University Press, 2006, p. 26,
10335:
10240:Movement toward greater democracy in Europe
9978:
9940:
9283:
9281:
8665:European Journal of International Relations
8624:Kulke, Hermann; Dietmar Rothermund (2004).
8487:
7158:Schwartzberg, Melissa (2014). "Democracy".
6704:The media professors Michael Gurevitch and
6682:
5588:, which correlates closely with democracy.
4067:
4059:
3573:
1800:and fundamental freedoms, and in which the
1719:
1699:The term appeared in the 5th century BC in
21697:
21683:
19804:
19790:
18569:
18555:
18033:
18019:
17568:Assistant minister/Parliamentary secretary
17454:
17440:
16308:
16294:
16019:
15990:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
15914:Egorov, Georgy; Sonin, Konstantin (2020).
15789:"The spread of true and false news online"
15682:
15676:
15562:
15434:Media edge: Media logic and social reality
15315:
15207:
14655:
14163:
12992:Daniele Archibugi & David Held, eds.,
11999:
11383:Gutmann, Amy, and Dennis Thompson (2002).
11073:Haggard, Stephan; Kaufman, Robert (2021).
10836:
10487:. University of Cambridge. 2 December 2013
10080:
10053:
9984:
8705:
8650:
8459:, Princeton University Press, 2009, p. 4,
8226:
8198:( ed.). : Syracuse University Press.
8160:
7748:Diamond, Larry; Morlino, Leonardo (2005).
7375:
7219:
6662:; and they have contrasted democracy with
6593:
6579:
5745:List of coups and coup attempts by country
5287:, who themselves may choose the company's
4426:
4093:
4079:
3398:A common view among early and renaissance
3065:served as a model for the later theory of
2920:
2622:
2453:. His ideas form the ideological basis of
1741:movements of the 19th and 20th centuries.
1733:such as those in Classical Athens and the
1506:
1492:
686:
672:
15890:
15880:
15748:
15580:
15536:
15526:
15503:"The echo chamber effect on social media"
15382:
15258:
15050:. Cambridge University Press. p. 98.
14887:
14818:
14348:
14250:
14131:
13886:
13814:
13623:
13387:
13326:
13261:
13160:
13150:
13017:"Creative Democracy â The Task Before Us"
12923:AbdolKarim Soroush :: ŰčۚۯۧÙک۱ÙÙ
۳۱ÙŰŽ
12707:The General Idea of Proudhon's Revolution
12555:
12046:
12044:
12042:
12040:
12038:
11604:
11046:
10948:
10681:The International Journal of Human Rights
10454:
10143:Encyclopedia of the American Constitution
9785:
9736:
9319:"Constitutionalism: America & Beyond"
9106:
9088:
9065:
8662:
7661:HĂ©naff, Marcel; Strong, Tracy B. (2001).
7464:
5956:Learn how and when to remove this message
5605:Other theories stressed the relevance of
5507:
5337:
5202:do not claim to be democratic as of 2022)
4215:Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities
2834:gained passage by the US Congress of the
723:List of countries by system of government
19811:
18576:
15917:The political economics of non-democracy
15431:
15403:
15045:
14982:
14743:
14536:and Kaltwasser, CristĂłbal Rovira (2017)
14498:
14232:
13480:Germann, Micha; Gemenis, Kostas (2019).
13411:Mesquita, Bruce Bueno de (Spring 2004).
13410:
13369:
12561:
12331:
11671:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 95â97.
11426:Warren, Mark E.; Pearse, Hilary (2008).
11252:
9858:
9278:
8597:Hoiberg, Dale; Indu Ramchandani (2000).
8428:
8191:
8131:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics
8027:
7943:
7385:Watkins, Frederick (1970). "Democracy".
7288:"Regime Types and Democratic Sequencing"
7131:
7129:
6724:Dialogue across a diverse range of views
5884:and government interference can prevent
5517:
5467:
5418:
5268:
5170:countries that claim to be a democracy
5162:
4744:mass participation of the working masses
4436:
4250:. Examples include Switzerland and some
4148:
4132:
3893:
3749:
3590:
3338:
3265:
3238:
3180:
3025:
2947:
2924:
2789:
2679:heritage to vote in a general election,
2626:
2425:
2338:
1979:
1629:, freedom from unwarranted governmental
37:
21387:Reflections on the Revolution in France
15955:
15750:10.1146/annurev-economics-081919-050239
15667:
15603:
15488:The SAGE Handbook of Digital Journalism
15485:
15378:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 177â201.
15326:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 155â176.
15291:
15222:
15135:Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition
14368:from the original on 24 September 2015.
14233:Paglayan, Agustina S. (February 2021).
13979:Weapons Systems and Political Stability
13967:Weapons Systems and Political Stability
13566:
13444:
13413:"Why Gun-Barrel Democracy Doesn't Work"
12669:
12332:Urbinati, Nadia (1 October 2008). "2".
12306:
12227:Principles of Representative Government
12128:
12099:
12054:, Ăditions loisirs et pĂ©dagogie, 2008.
11630:
11366:Princeton: Princeton University Press.
11218:
10990:
10656:
10605:
10507:"Age of democracies at the end of 2015"
10306:
10015:Evolution of American Electoral Systems
9864:
9840:Online Exhibit: The Charters of Freedom
9663:
9587:
8600:Students' Britannica India, Volumes 1-5
8429:Manville, Philip Brook (14 July 2014).
8195:The Iroquois in the American Revolution
8097:
8080:
8068:
7637:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
7384:
6741:They are controlled mainly by economic
5899:
5690:Democratic backsliding is a process of
5492:, increasing civic education, reducing
3371:contrasted rule by the many (democracy/
2502:would not prevail. Economic historians
2465:. The Parliament of England passed the
1664:. Most democracies apply in most cases
22912:
16189:
16147:
16080:Origins of Democracy in Ancient Greece
15712:
15700:A Future for Public Service Television
15697:
15563:McCoy, Jennifer; Somer, Murat (2019).
15354:
15022:"King of Yugoslavia Assumes All Power"
13753:
13679:
13175:
12751:
12676:. Pathfinder Press. pp. 145â146.
12642:
12562:Brockell, Gillian (19 December 2019).
12309:The Crisis of Representative Democracy
12252:. Wsu.edu. 6 June 1999. Archived from
12084:
12035:
11803:
11664:
11605:Greenwood, Shannon (6 December 2022).
11549:International Political Science Review
11449:International Political Science Review
11219:Deudney, Daniel H. (9 November 2008).
11214:
11212:
11210:
11208:
11206:
10810:
10719:
10717:
10331:
10329:
10296:. Oxford University Press. p. 14.
10288:
10193:Transcript of Voting Rights Act (1965)
9705:
9650:Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Sweden".
9020:
8882:
8363:
8346:
8326:Origins of Democracy in Ancient Greece
8297:La democrazias:Storia di un'ideologia,
8169:. Constitution Society. Archived from
8139:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.484
7900:
7708:
7560:
7322:
7318:from the original on 22 February 2024.
5496:for new political parties, increasing
5405:
5227:are governed by democratic elections.
5083:Cosmopolitan democracy, also known as
4870:Consociational democracy, also called
4284:Examples include the extensive use of
3899:World's states coloured by systems of
3491:close to the views of the median voter
3414:
3270:Meeting of the Grand Committee of the
2963:and the dissolution of the autocratic
2421:
2304:, established in 1115, was led by the
1942:, are not necessarily democracies, as
21678:
19785:
18807:
18588:
18550:
18014:
17435:
16289:
16276:
16263:
15776:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35â58.
15321:
15157:
14978:from the original on 21 January 2020.
14889:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050517-114628
13873:Inglehart, Ronald. Welzel, Christian
13720:
13389:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050718-033504
13341:
13306:
13201:
13152:10.1146/annurev-polisci-060820-060910
13047:
12766:
12739:Graeber, David and Grubacic, Andrej.
12615:
12539:Richard J. Ellis and Michael Nelson,
12513:"The Federalist Papers : No. 10"
12393:
12268:
11966:, Kessinger Publishing, 2004, p. 36,
11668:Reader's Guide to the Social Sciences
11607:"Appendix A: Classifying democracies"
11489:
10358:
10059:
9900:"The Bill of Rights: A Brief History"
9712:. US: Greenwood Publishing. pp.
9592:. Yale University Press. p. 274.
9557:
9479:. Barnes & Noble. pp. 11, 18â19.
9441:
9390:
9262:. The British Library. Archived from
9108:10.1146/annurev-polisci-043014-105648
8834:. The British Library. Archived from
8792:The Cortes of Castile-Leon, 1188â1350
8227:Priestland, David (23 October 2021).
8093:
8091:
8089:
7873:
7481:
7160:The Encyclopedia of Political Thought
7126:
7055:Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections
5326:. Some proponents of the theory like
5054:These paragraphs are an excerpt from
4930:These paragraphs are an excerpt from
4593:Founding Fathers of the United States
3383:), and with rule by a single person (
3322:appointed 27 new Supreme Court judges
3243:Age of democracies at the end of 2015
3105:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
2851:Representation of the People Act 1918
1834:), the dominant principle is that of
18523:
15388:
15132:
15060:
14906:
14782:from the original on 6 February 2023
14690:
14591:
14067:"Why does democracy need education?"
13977:see also Chester G Starr, Review of
13604:British Journal of Political Science
13540:
13103:
12622:. Taylor & Francis. p. 31.
12595:, "Epilogue: Securing the Republic""
11804:Krauss, Alexander (2 January 2016).
11637:. Taylor & Francis. p. 47.
11346:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
11296:Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy
10671:
10599:
10307:Diamond, Larry (15 September 2015).
10205:The Constitution: The 24th Amendment
10026:
9190:The Society of Antiquaries of London
8937:from the original on 10 January 2022
8731:
8566:Bindloss, Joe; Sarina Singh (2007).
7990:
7841:Daily Express News (2 August 2013).
7215:
7213:
6826:and in some cases even reversion to
5912:
5869:, which lawfully ended democracy in
5815:1999 Ukrainian presidential election
5257:. There is also a growing number of
3759:
3601:
3580:
3465:Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy
3061:(disputed), Austria, Italy, and the
2771:was elected by all men in 1792. The
2584:, the holder of the highest post of
1889:, be substantively and procedurally
21497:The End of History and the Last Man
21407:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
18040:
17527:Speaker / President of the assembly
16248:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
16038:10.17953/aicr.21.2.k36m1485r3062510
14626:
14538:Populism: a Very Short Introduction
13344:"International Democracy Promotion"
13182:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
11203:
11197:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
10714:
10336:Kurlantzick, Joshua (11 May 2017).
10326:
9842:. National Archives. Archived from
9047:
8098:Deudney, Daniel (9 November 2008).
7685:
5788:German occupation of Czechoslovakia
5357:
4742:, internal party democracy and the
4610:, that what distinguished a direct
4277:to be held on any law voted by the
3843:Difficulties in measuring democracy
2909:In 1893, the self-governing colony
2461:In 17th century England, there was
2244:consisted of freemen presided by a
1954:" encompassed both democracies and
49:. In the 1990s, the dissolution of
47:1994 South African general election
13:
17615:International development minister
16197:. London: Zed Books. p. 371.
16098:
16082:. University of California Press.
15938:Encyclopedia of Democratic Thought
15935:Clarke, P.; Foweraker, J. (2001).
14919:from the original on 13 April 2021
14876:Annual Review of Political Science
13376:Annual Review of Political Science
13138:Annual Review of Political Science
12913:, p. 475. Volume 8 Issue s4, 2002.
12175:. Themercury.co.za. Archived from
10309:"Timeline: Democracy in Recession"
9289:"Britain's unwritten constitution"
9216:"Origins and growth of Parliament"
9095:Annual Review of Political Science
8957:"Origins and growth of Parliament"
8732:Dahl, Robert A. (1 October 2008).
8603:. Popular Prakashan. p. 208.
8400:"Women and Family in Athenian Law"
8086:
7751:Assessing the Quality of Democracy
7725:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1989.tb00090.x
6802:rather than serious deliberation.
5823:2004 Russian presidential election
5678:
5552:
4217:, communities affiliated with the
2742:voting rights in the United States
2026:
1988:depicting the Athenian politician
1826:In some countries, notably in the
1763:
14:
22946:
22888:Western European and Others Group
17990:Government ministers by portfolio
17746:Ministry of Education and Culture
16212:
14275:https://ssrn.com/abstract=2861711
14239:American Political Science Review
13833:American Political Science Review
13314:International Area Studies Review
12006:Encyclopedia of Political Thought
11555:(5). Sage Publications: 571â579.
11026:Farrell, Henry (14 August 2020).
10961:(Report). V-Dem Institute at the
10100:from the original on 2 July 2015.
9824:from the original on 2 June 2023.
9786:Ratcliffe, Donald (Summer 2013).
9775:from the original on 2 June 2023.
9737:Ratcliffe, Donald (Summer 2013).
9628:. British Library. Archived from
9503:, DK Publishing, Inc., New York,
9291:. British Library. Archived from
8476:Raaflaub, Ober & Wallace 2007
8281:Raaflaub, Ober & Wallace 2007
8264:, Oxford University Press, 1994,
7563:"2,234 Descriptions of Democracy"
7561:Gagnon, Jean-Paul (1 June 2018).
7222:"Who Decides What Is Democratic?"
7210:
5819:2003 Russian legislative election
5685:Democratic backsliding by country
5531:number of countries autocratizing
5390:which is necessary for sustained
5231:are ultimately governed by their
4859:
4327:
3876:Types of governmental democracies
2865:in March 1848 in the wake of the
2649:first Parliament of Great Britain
21467:The Open Society and Its Enemies
19765:
19764:
18522:
18511:
18510:
17995:
17994:
17984:
17983:
16059:Ober, J.; Hedrick, C.W. (1996).
15907:
15661:
15440:
15184:
15054:
15039:
15010:
14900:
14838:
14794:
14684:
14649:
14620:
14594:Hague Journal on the Rule of Law
14550:
14527:
14451:
14418:
14405:
14372:
14321:
14307:
14279:
14267:
14188:
14156:
14124:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02036.x
14096:
14058:
14024:
13971:
13948:
13913:
13880:
13867:
13823:
13788:
13725:. Elsevier. pp. 3425â3428.
13640:
13591:
13560:
13534:
13512:
13473:
13363:
13335:
13300:
13278:
13226:
13195:
13169:
13124:
13096:
13080:
13041:
13009:
12986:
12959:
12927:
12916:
12869:
12838:
12807:
12767:Arend, Lijphart (January 1969).
12760:
12745:
12733:
12721:
12712:
12690:
12636:
12609:
12583:
12546:
12533:
12483:
12458:
12433:
12420:
12411:
12402:
12387:
12373:10.1111/j.1467-9477.2004.00109.x
12350:
12325:
12311:. Frankfurt/M., Bern, New York.
12300:
12242:
12191:
12165:
12122:
12108:
12093:
12078:
12065:
12050:Vincent Golay and Mix et Remix,
12022:
11993:
11980:
11956:
11932:
11909:
11885:
11854:
11845:
11836:
11769:
11510:
11483:
11436:
11419:
11406:
11397:
11377:
11356:
11333:
11309:
11285:
11279:10.1111/j.1467-8330.2010.00827.x
11246:
11185:
11163:
11116:
11066:
11040:
11019:
10997:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
10984:
10932:Repucci, Sarah; Slipowitz, Amy.
10925:
10900:
10857:
10830:
10777:
10765:
10743:
10665:
10650:
10625:
10606:Bingham, Adrian (25 June 2019).
10577:
10555:
10529:
10499:
10477:
10459:. In Arjomand, SaĂŻd Amir (ed.).
10448:
10426:
10404:
10378:
10352:
10300:
10282:
10268:
10252:
10249:". Indiana University Northwest.
10232:
10210:
10198:
10186:
10161:
10130:
10104:
10034:. pp. 14â16. Archived from
10007:
9914:
9892:
9828:
9779:
9730:
9089:Stasavage, David (11 May 2016).
7822:. Courts and Tribunals Judiciary
7107:
7065:
7030:
6975:
6562:
5917:
5905:This section is an excerpt from
5439:'s Ecole de maintien de la paix.
5411:This section is an excerpt from
5298:
5014:
4909:to obtain a larger support than
4798:majority-rule is tyrannic or not
4368:
4254:, where frequent use is made of
2983:and dictatorships flourished in
2697:The creation of the short-lived
2164:
2104:Athenian democracy was not only
1475:
655:
20274:Family as a model for the state
17318:Social and political philosophy
16142:A Cultural History of Democracy
15212:. University of Illinois Press.
13954:Foreword, written by historian
13764:10.1007/978-3-319-74336-3_190-1
13690:10.1007/978-3-319-74336-3_190-1
13285:Peter Dizikes (24 April 2019).
12649:. Verso Books. pp. 84â86.
12336:. University of Chicago Press.
12286:: Parragon Books. p. 341.
11895:, SAGE, 2004, pp. 143â45,
11810:Journal of Economic Methodology
11320:An Economic Theory of Democracy
10563:"List of Electoral Democracies"
9924:. Mars.wnec.edu. Archived from
9699:
9682:
9657:
9644:
9618:
9596:
9581:
9551:
9539:Plymouth Colony Legal Structure
9530:
9514:
9490:
9466:
9444:The Huntington Library Bulletin
9435:
9418:
9394:(1988) . Laslett, Peter (ed.).
9350:The Journal of Economic History
9341:
9311:
9252:
9230:
9208:
9156:
9131:
9082:
9054:The Journal of Economic History
9041:
9023:International Studies Quarterly
9014:
8971:
8949:
8903:
8889:. Bloomsbury. pp. 173â74.
8876:
8854:
8824:
8786:O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (1989).
8779:
8752:
8725:
8699:
8656:
8617:
8590:
8559:
8547:
8525:
8505:
8449:
8422:
8392:
8357:
8340:
8331:
8318:
8305:
8286:
8254:
8220:
8185:
8154:
8118:
8048:
8021:
8008:
7974:Electoral systems and democracy
7965:
7937:
7894:
7867:
7834:
7798:
7741:
7702:
7679:
7654:
7626:
7601:
7554:
7535:
7513:Staff writer (22 August 2007).
7493:
7424:
7413:. New York: Routledge. p. 511.
7403:
7168:10.1002/9781118474396.wbept0248
6546:Latin America and the Caribbean
5890:Wilmington insurrection of 1898
5809:An "electoral self-coup" using
5243:to handle internal governance.
5072:
4699:dictatorship of the proletariat
4391:
4342:then it is called a democratic
4066:systems of government, not the
3755:V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index
3525:
3499:An Economic Theory of Democracy
3363:
3324:over legal objections from the
2871:revolutions broke out in Europe
2822:(1865) that ended slavery; the
2767:and, although short-lived, the
2463:renewed interest in Magna Carta
1984:Nineteenth-century painting by
1903:freedom of political expression
1802:freely expressed will of people
1725:), meaning "rule of an elite".
639:Latin America and the Caribbean
21624:Separation of church and state
21522:Collectivism and individualism
21477:The Origins of Totalitarianism
17663:Ministry of trade and industry
17154:Political history of the world
16277:
16063:. Princeton University Press.
15927:
14293:. Cambridge University Press.
13922:Journal of Conflict Resolution
13891:. Cambridge University Press.
13731:10.1016/b0-08-043076-7/01135-9
13208:Journal of Conflict Resolution
12998:Democracy and the Global Order
12698:General Idea of the Revolution
12552:Novanglus, no. 7. 6 March 1775
12360:Scandinavian Political Studies
11964:Problems in American Democracy
11225:. Princeton University Press.
11079:. Cambridge University Press.
10361:"The Signs of Deconsolidation"
10359:Mounk, Yascha (January 2017).
10066:. Routledge. p. viiiâix.
8832:"Magna Carta: an introduction"
8435:. Princeton University Press.
8104:. Princeton University Press.
8028:Everdell, William R. (2000) .
7880:. Princeton University Press.
7712:Scandinavian Political Studies
7515:"Liberty and justice for some"
7411:Encyclopedia of ancient Greece
7361:
7344:
7279:
7252:
7184:
7151:
5217:non-governmental organisations
4740:worker's control of production
4736:autonomous union organizations
4236:
4106:
3438:
3261:International Day of Democracy
3150:, and the democratisation and
3042:were as an early example of a
2773:Polish-Lithuanian Constitution
2557:. For Locke, citizens had the
2368:Simon de Montfort's Parliament
2215:
2155:overthrow of the Roman Kingdom
2089:, meaning political equality.
1966:, such as the United Kingdom.
1588:, the people choose governing
1184:Intergovernmental organisation
1139:Separation of church and state
1:
21664:Category:Political philosophy
21537:Critique of political economy
18310:Needle and syringe programmes
18164:Universal access to education
17817:Ministry of religious affairs
16040:(inactive 15 September 2024).
15869:British Journal of Psychology
15717:. Springer. pp. 114â136.
15687:. Springer. pp. 114â136.
15453:Comparative Political Studies
15393:. Princeton University Press.
15359:. Springer. pp. 137â155.
15208:MacChesney, Robert W (1999).
14870:Walder, D.; Lust, E. (2018).
14820:10.1080/13510347.2019.1582029
14765:10.1080/13510347.2020.1799194
14744:Skaaning, Svend-Erik (2020).
14670:10.1080/13510347.2020.1826438
14571:10.1080/13510347.2021.1897109
14513:10.1080/13510347.2020.1796649
14435:10.1016/S1574-0684(05)01006-3
14389:10.1016/S1574-0684(05)01006-3
14289:; Robinson, James A. (2006).
13887:Inglehart, Ronald F. (2018).
13541:Wong, Alia (5 October 2018).
13498:10.1080/10584609.2018.1526237
13235:"Democracy Does Cause Growth"
12863:10.1080/09512748.2022.2035426
12820:Comparative Political Studies
12643:Mandel, Ernest (5 May 2020).
12616:Wiles, Peter (14 June 2023).
12073:Developing Zapatista Autonomy
11867:Comparative Political Studies
11822:10.1080/1350178X.2015.1069372
11432:. Cambridge University Press.
10878:10.1080/13510347.2019.1696310
10789:The Christian Science Monitor
10114:. Itd.nps.gov. Archived from
9795:Journal of the Early Republic
9746:Journal of the Early Republic
9694:Journal of the Early Republic
8554:Livy & De SĂ©lincourt 2002
8515:, Leiden Netherlands (1979).
7120:
6358:Democracy and economic growth
5873:and marked the transition to
5859:independence of the judiciary
5730:
5523:
5364:Democracy and economic growth
5350:. Democracy tends to improve
5306:
4901:Consensus democracy requires
4880:European Council of Ministers
4315:
4016:: Monarch has unlimited power
3979:Assembly-independent republic
3740:electoral system manipulation
3597:The Economist Democracy Index
3305:The Christian Science Monitor
3278:Many countries reduced their
3194:Indonesian Revolution of 1998
3077:fell into the non-democratic
2746:Presidential election in 1789
2441:and developed the concept of
2416:
2308:whose members were chosen by
1758:The Economist Democracy Index
1584:and decide legislation. In a
1576:, the people have the direct
451:Democracy and economic growth
21562:Institutional discrimination
21557:History of political thought
20289:Negative and positive rights
18808:
18694:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
17159:History of political thought
16176:Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
15702:. MIT Press. pp. 29â39.
14178:10.1016/j.intell.2007.09.003
13573:The American Economic Review
13569:"Entry Barriers in Politics"
13242:Journal of Political Economy
12131:"Referendums in Switzerland"
12052:Swiss political institutions
11893:Handbook of Political Theory
11387:Princeton University Press.
10693:10.1080/13642987.2014.944807
10265:, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp 265â286
9865:Schultz, Jeffrey D. (2002).
9536:Christopher Fennell (1998),
9520:Clifton E. Olmstead (1960),
8735:On Democracy: Second Edition
8353:. Uchitel' Publishing House.
8127:"Small State Foreign Policy"
7023:
6551:Middle East and North Africa
6418:Peaceful transition of power
5712:peaceful transition of power
5533:(blue) is higher than those
5124:International Criminal Court
5048:
4970:
4890:
4848:and is still used in modern
4825:
4788:
4667:
4622:Professors Richard Ellis of
4004:Semi-constitutional monarchy
3298:) to the Philippines (under
3146:, the associated end of the
3144:collapse of the Soviet Union
2869:. During that year, several
2665:UK's uncodified constitution
2641:Austrian Parliament Building
2196:Other cultures, such as the
1537:
981:(socio-political ideologies)
644:Middle East and North Africa
511:Peaceful transition of power
7:
21572:Justification for the state
21357:Two Treatises of Government
18663:
18393:Publicly funded health care
17832:Ministry of social security
17713:Ministry of water resources
17593:Ministry of foreign affairs
17462:Common types of government
15624:. Springer. pp. 65â75.
15432:Altheide, David L. (2014).
15404:Altheide, David L. (2002).
15311:. Springer. pp. 31â41.
15296:. Springer. pp. 31â41.
14427:Handbook of Economic Growth
14381:Handbook of Economic Growth
13459:10.1177/0022343396033004002
13350:, Oxford University Press,
13220:10.1177/0022002793037001002
12201:. July 2008. Archived from
11385:Why Deliberative Democracy?
11364:Is Democracy Possible Here?
11173:. Internet Classics Archive
10672:Wall, John (October 2014).
9871:. Oryx Press. p. 284.
9522:History of Religion in the
9397:Two Treatises of Government
9140:A Concise History of Poland
8500:Clarke & Foweraker 2001
8133:, Oxford University Press,
8056:"Pericles' Funeral Oration"
7806:"Parliamentary sovereignty"
6922:
6765:attitude to politics, less
6448:Proportional representation
5994:
5773:1954 Guatemalan coup d'Ă©tat
5129:
5097:international organisations
4551:
4486:of 1688 and passage of the
4449:Many countries such as the
4421:
4178:Change constitutional laws,
3954: Presidential republic
3931:with a ceremonial president
3482:According to the theory of
2663:. Two key documents of the
2595:, with the election of the
2546:Two Treatises of Government
2312:. In the 10thâ15th century
2191:
2188:around the 6th century BC.
1049:(socio-economic ideologies)
719:List of forms of government
541:Proportional representation
87:
10:
22951:
20242:Bellum omnium contra omnes
18589:
17865:Minister without portfolio
17827:Ministry of social affairs
17658:Ministry of infrastructure
16254:Podcast: Democracy Paradox
16174:Why Bother With Elections?
15737:Annual Review of Economics
15341:. Oxford University Press.
14606:10.1007/s40803-019-00086-2
14209:10.5129/001041512798838003
14071:Journal of Economic Growth
13816:10.1057/s41599-020-00596-7
13370:Matanock, Aila M. (2020).
13202:Dixon, William J. (1993).
13110:. Routledge. p. 161.
12769:"Consociational Democracy"
11988:Journal of Law and Society
10965:. May 2019. Archived from
10934:"Democracy under Lockdown"
10725:"Freedom in the Word 2017"
10217:French National Assembly.
10137:Gillette, William (1986).
10060:Scher, Richard K. (2015).
9922:"The French Revolution II"
8980:International Organization
8569:India: Lonely planet Guide
8513:Literacy in Ancient Sparta
8347:Grinin, Leonid E. (2004).
8192:Graymont, Barbara (1972).
7663:Public space and democracy
6936:Democracy in Chola Dynasty
6888:, enabling them to bypass
6686:
5904:
5865:. A famous example is the
5834:, begun in 1929 when King
5682:
5556:
5511:
5482:voting advice applications
5410:
5361:
5272:
5211:Non-governmental democracy
5156:
5133:
5076:
5053:
5018:
4974:
4929:
4894:
4863:
4829:
4753:
4749:
4671:
4646:
4642:
4555:
4445:, a constitutional monarch
4430:
4395:
4372:
4331:
4271:federal popular initiative
4126:
3969:Semi-presidential republic
3879:
3846:
3584:
3559:
3259:declared 15 September the
3096:often adopted the British
2808:1840 presidential election
2804:1828 presidential election
2802:In the United States, the
2750:Naturalization Act of 1790
2730:United States Constitution
2683:, voted in 1774 and 1780.
2669:Declaration of Right, 1689
2370:in 1265. The emergence of
2208:
2030:
2021:
1973:
1969:
1713:
1526:
45:casting his ballot in the
27:Democracy (disambiguation)
20:
22658:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
22638:
22556:
22393:
22228:
22099:Standard Average European
21967:
21796:
21716:
21659:
21509:
21278:
20926:
20659:
20539:
20458:
20370:
20361:
20227:
20061:
19990:
19819:
19751:
19705:
19607:
19564:
19543:
19490:
19459:
19443:
19390:
19324:
19276:
19240:
19207:
19126:
19085:
18929:
18818:
18814:
18803:
18708:Methodological skepticism
18599:
18595:
18584:
18506:
18450:
18418:National health insurance
18383:
18370:Supervised injection site
18280:
18230:
18177:
18071:
18048:
17979:
17916:Communications ministries
17873:
17857:
17721:
17676:
17628:
17576:
17540:
17474:
17402:
17395:
17254:
17196:
17144:
17137:
17105:
17098:
17038:
17031:
16966:
16957:
16840:
16833:
16747:
16616:
16403:
16365:National unity government
16327:
16283:
16270:
16265:Links to related articles
16233:Resources in your library
15604:Cushion, Stephen (2012).
15389:Baum, Matthew A. (2003).
14956:10.1080/10220460802217934
14252:10.1017/S0003055420000647
14083:10.1007/s10887-007-9015-1
13616:10.1017/S0007123408000161
13447:Journal of Peace Research
13328:10.1177/22338659231194945
12895:Cite uses generic title (
12597:. Press-pubs.uchicago.edu
11990:, 18:3 (1991). pp. 353â64
11752:"Breaking Down Democracy"
11344:Democracy and its Critics
11322:. HarperCollins College.
11141:10.1017/S1537592720002091
10991:Mettler, Suzanne (2020).
10824:14 September 2021 at the
10753:. Bloomberg. 16 July 2023
10463:. Brill. pp. 92â94.
9664:Gregory, Desmond (1985).
9362:10.1017/S0022050700009451
9067:10.1017/S0022050717000729
8992:10.1017/S0020818319000286
8788:"The Cortes and Taxation"
8738:. Yale University Press.
8712:Haudenosaunee Confederacy
8677:10.1177/13540661211024713
8630:. Routledge. p. 57.
8161:de Montesquieu, Charles.
7890:– via Google Books.
7764:– via Google Books.
7369:Oxford English Dictionary
7330:"Definition of DEMOCRACY"
7265:. MIT Press. p. 31.
7220:Przeworski, Adam (2024).
7139:. Oxford University Press
7050:Voting Rights Act of 1965
6629:Constitutional Convention
5836:Alexander I of Yugoslavia
5805:1992 Peruvian coup d'Ă©tat
5769:First Portuguese Republic
5152:
4924:
4903:consensus decision-making
4876:Qualified majority voting
4248:participatory democracies
4229:, and Kurdish cantons of
4122:
3921:with a ceremonial monarch
3375:), with rule by the few (
3358:
2956:in the early 20th century
2867:French Revolution of 1848
2836:Voting Rights Act of 1965
2812:1860 United States census
2601:Virginia General Assembly
2447:right to private property
2204:
1964:constitutional monarchies
1881:, creating the need that
1873:can be oppressed by the "
1836:parliamentary sovereignty
1170:(geo-cultural ideologies)
31:Democrat (disambiguation)
22798:Lancaster House Treaties
22288:Christian existentialism
22248:Ancient Roman philosophy
22238:Ancient Greek philosophy
21447:The Revolt of the Masses
18413:Single-payer health care
18222:Universal basic services
18169:Universal basic services
17911:Climate change ministers
17812:Ministry of home affairs
16795:Environmental regulation
16601:Representative democracy
16140:(general editor). 2021.
15941:. Taylor & Francis.
15582:10.1177/0002716218818782
15465:10.1177/0010414016633226
15133:Dahl, Robert A. (1972).
14458:Robert Michels (1999) .
14337:American Economic Review
14328:Alsan, Marcella (2015).
14315:"Rainfall and Democracy"
14031:Carroll Quigley (1983).
13997:Carroll Quigley (1983).
13961:1 September 2013 at the
13934:10.1177/0022002717708599
13567:Tullock, Gordon (1965).
13178:"Social Contract Theory"
13176:Friend, Celeste (n.d.).
13133:"Does Democracy Matter?"
12832:10.1177/0010414012463883
12696:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon.
12493:. M-W.com. 25 April 2007
12008:. Taylor & Francis.
11940:The Judge in a Democracy
11916:The Judge in a Democracy
11891:G.F. Gaus, C. Kukathas,
11879:10.1177/0010414016633226
11561:10.1177/0192512116669141
11461:10.1177/0192512114544068
11362:Dworkin, Ronald (2006).
11253:Springer, Simon (2011).
11129:Perspectives on Politics
10963:University of Gothenburg
10567:World Forum on Democracy
9499:and David Rubel (2002),
7877:The Judge in a Democracy
7635:The democracy sourcebook
7437:Public Opinion Quarterly
7262:The Democracy Sourcebook
7238:10.1353/jod.2024.a930423
7096:Chile in the early 1990s
7042:House of Representatives
7011:Territorial peace theory
7001:Parliament in the Making
6956:FoucaultâHabermas debate
6683:Importance of mass media
6614:constitutional democracy
6503:Wars between democracies
6483:Territorial peace theory
6328:Democratic confederalism
5777:1953 Iranian coup d'Ă©tat
5751:.) Examples include the
5343:Condorcet's jury theorem
5316:legitimacy of government
4866:Consociational democracy
4813:individualist anarchists
4719:representative democracy
4416:semi-presidential system
4334:Representative democracy
4189:and suggestions for laws
4117:representative democracy
3574:Measurement of democracy
3253:World Forum on Democracy
3084:The war was followed by
3075:Soviet sector of Germany
2897:and a popularly elected
2855:Equal Franchise Act 1928
2713:principles and included
2635:, the patron goddess of
2127:as early as 700 BC. The
1782:representative democracy
1586:representative democracy
596:Wars between democracies
576:Territorial peace theory
421:Democratic confederalism
22576:Equality before the law
21783:Romano-Germanic culture
21427:The Communist Manifesto
20353:Tyranny of the majority
20264:Consent of the governed
18114:Public good (economics)
18000:Ministries by portfolio
17971:Public works ministries
17703:Ministry of electricity
17643:Ministry of the economy
17517:Office of the president
16860:Uncodified constitution
16385:Administrative division
16123:. Bloomsbury Academic.
15956:Graeber, David (2013).
15816:10.1126/science.aap9559
15528:10.1073/pnas.2023301118
15490:. Sage. pp. 51â67.
15237:10.1111/1467-923X.00494
15225:The Political Quarterly
15158:Manin, Bernard (1997).
15046:Pinfield, Nick (2015).
14715:10.1126/science.abb2434
13486:Political Communication
13342:Donno, Daniela (2024),
12911:Nations and Nationalism
12752:Dowlen, Oliver (2008).
12700:See also commentary by
12541:Debating the presidency
12428:Charles Scribner's Sons
12224:Manin, Bernard (1997).
12143:10.1057/9781137314703_4
10851:10.1111/1758-5899.12225
10436:. BBC News. 7 June 2010
9706:Dinkin, Robert (1982).
9652:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
9606:. The National Archives
9240:. The National Archives
9218:. The National Archives
8959:. The National Archives
8883:Jobson, Adrian (2012).
8864:. The National Archives
8488:Ober & Hedrick 1996
7735:17 October 2016 at the
7613:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
7387:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
7196:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
7060:Equal Protection Clause
7046:three-fifths compromise
6941:Democratic peace theory
6788:The responsiveness and
6654:; they have identified
6488:Tyranny of the majority
6423:Political demonstration
6333:Democratic peace theory
6308:Deliberative referendum
5886:free and fair elections
5880:Temporary or long-term
5851:free and fair elections
5765:28 May 1926 coup d'Ă©tat
5716:free and fair elections
5708:political participation
5486:participatory democracy
5348:the wisdom of the crowd
5320:consent of the governed
5039:tyranny of the majority
4637:Elizabeth Willing Powel
4433:Constitutional monarchy
4427:Constitutional monarchy
4244:semi-direct democracies
3919:Constitutional monarchy
2954:first wave of democracy
2921:20th and 21st centuries
2859:Universal male suffrage
2796:universal male suffrage
2777:constitutional monarchy
2709:was the first based on
2690:in Sweden (1718â1772),
2623:18th and 19th centuries
2555:consent of the governed
2477:of 1647. Subsequently,
2451:consent of the governed
2330:constitutional monarchy
1940:consent of the governed
1875:tyranny of the majority
1754:V-Dem Democracy indices
1676:(e.g. constitution) or
1652:make decisions through
1623:consent of the governed
1549:'rule') is a system of
1433:Administrative division
1377:International relations
581:Tyranny of the majority
516:Political demonstration
426:Democratic peace theory
401:Deliberative referendum
22738:Eastern European Group
22327:Continental philosophy
22258:Judeo-Christian ethics
22243:Hellenistic philosophy
21724:Cradle of civilization
20304:
20254:Clash of civilizations
20240:
18758:
18692:
18658:Enlightened absolutism
18649:
17936:Environment ministries
17906:Agriculture ministries
17901:Presidents of assembly
17896:Deputy prime ministers
16155:. Metropolitan Books.
15270:Communication Yearbook
14466:Transaction Publishers
13965:in 1982, to Quigley's
13048:Brown, Archie (2001).
12670:Trotsky, Leon (1977).
12646:Trotsky as Alternative
12307:Köchler, Hans (1987).
12100:Zibechi, Raul (2013).
12085:Denham, Diana (2008).
11631:Dobratz, B.A. (2015).
11490:Smith, Graham (2009).
11049:"The Fragile Republic"
10657:Sanders, Mark (2000).
9588:Chavetz, Josh (2007).
9473:Tocqueville, Alexis de
9402:Sec. 87, 123, 209, 222
8913:. BBC. 19 January 2015
8651:Mann & Fields 1997
7874:Barak, Aharon (2006).
7848:The New Indian Express
7579:10.3167/dt.2018.050107
6808:Political polarization
6606:Criticism of democracy
6313:Democratic backsliding
6303:Criticism of democracy
5907:Criticism of democracy
5843:Democratic backsliding
5832:6 January Dictatorship
5668:
5593:democracy causes peace
5586:self-expression values
5538:
5508:Democratic transitions
5473:
5440:
5386:at the expense of the
5338:Better decision-making
5312:Social contract theory
5259:Democratic educational
5203:
5122:. The creation of the
5079:Cosmopolitan democracy
5021:Participatory politics
5004:Democracy & Nature
4955:minority ethnic groups
4915:majoritarian democracy
4802:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
4626:and Michael Nelson of
4603:argued, especially in
4467:Scandinavian countries
4446:
4340:democratically elected
4170:
4146:
4100:
4068:
4060:
4058:this chart represents
4044:Provisional government
3929:Parliamentary republic
3839:
3693:
3541:Authentic deliberation
3532:Deliberative democracy
3426:deliberative democracy
3349:Democratic backsliding
3344:
3275:
3244:
3189:
3122:
3047:
2957:
2934:
2799:
2644:
2553:only if they held the
2537:war of all against all
2523:social contract theory
2517:on the British Isles.
2458:
2439:social contract theory
2347:
2280:has been elected by a
2220:While most regions in
2172:, capital city of the
2053:'(common) people' and
2049:. The word comes from
2000:
1992:delivering his famous
1830:(which originated the
1720:
1662:presidential democracy
406:Democratic backsliding
396:Criticism of democracy
58:
25:. For other uses, see
22858:Three Seas Initiative
22833:Pacific Islands Forum
22698:BritishâIrish Council
22446:Greek Orthodox Church
21905:Industrial Revolution
21875:Scientific Revolution
20269:Divine right of kings
18624:Counter-Enlightenment
18262:Public infrastructure
18099:Public administration
18084:Free-culture movement
17931:Environment ministers
17837:Minister for Veterans
17708:Ministry of Petroleum
17668:Ministry of transport
17507:Deputy First Minister
17497:Deputy prime minister
17351:aspects of capitalism
17267:History of philosophy
16765:Unemployment benefits
16501:Military dictatorship
15408:. Aldine de Gruyter.
14992:Alan Siaroff (2009).
14907:Lindberg, Staffan I.
14112:Psychological Science
13897:10.1017/9781108613880
13104:Tibi, Bassam (2013).
13066:10.1353/jod.2001.0063
12865:– via CrossRef.
12834:– via CrossRef.
11832:– via CrossRef.
11085:10.1017/9781108957809
10245:4 August 2010 at the
10195:US National Archives.
9953:The Third of May 1791
9807:10.1353/jer.2013.0033
9758:10.1353/jer.2013.0033
9696:33.2 (2013): 219â254.
9545:29 April 2012 at the
9048:Cox, Gary W. (2017).
8862:"Citizen or Subject?"
8800:10.9783/9781512819571
8366:The Classical Journal
7409:Wilson, N.G. (2006).
7304:10.1353/jod.2013.0010
6864:The emergence of the
6847:horse race journalism
6689:Mediatization (media)
6642:or a more democratic
6368:Electoral competition
6348:Democratic transition
6323:Democratic centralism
6318:Democratic capitalism
5892:and African-American
5855:freedom of expression
5761:French First Republic
5720:freedom of expression
5683:Further information:
5673:democratic revolution
5663:
5521:
5514:Democratic transition
5471:
5462:military intervention
5422:
5328:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
5275:Shareholder democracy
5269:Shareholder democracy
5261:institutions such as
5237:shareholder democracy
5166:
5043:participatory economy
4624:Willamette University
4440:
4207:Appenzell Innerrhoden
4152:
4136:
4074:degree of democracy.
3908:Parliamentary systems
3897:
3865:judicial independence
3753:
3660:Authoritarian regimes
3594:
3445:aggregative democracy
3421:aggregative democracy
3342:
3296:Law and Justice Party
3272:Parliament of Finland
3269:
3242:
3184:
3109:
3079:Soviet-dominated bloc
3029:
2951:
2928:
2832:civil rights movement
2793:
2734:codified constitution
2707:Corsican Constitution
2630:
2449:and the principle of
2429:
2352:Parliament of England
2342:
2057:'force/might'. Under
2004:Democratic assemblies
1983:
1901:. In some countries,
1848:Constitution of India
1840:judicial independence
1443:Democratic transition
1306:Self-governing colony
903:Military dictatorship
461:Electoral competition
441:Democratic transition
416:Democratic centralism
411:Democratic capitalism
41:
22853:Special Relationship
22263:Christian philosophy
22208:Western Christianity
21870:Age of Enlightenment
21744:Hellenistic Kingdoms
21417:Democracy in America
20796:political philosophy
20779:political philosophy
20594:political philosophy
20423:political philosophy
20333:Separation of powers
20294:Night-watchman state
20279:Monopoly on violence
19813:Political philosophy
18578:Age of Enlightenment
17926:Education ministries
17763:Information minister
17698:Environment minister
17598:Immigration minister
17285:Political ideologies
16561:Parliamentary system
16005:. Penguin Classics.
15078:10.2139/ssrn.1426841
14643:10.1093/icon/moab058
14359:10.1257/aer.20130604
14197:Comparative Politics
13307:Pelke, Lars (2023).
13287:"Democracy dividend"
13054:Journal of Democracy
12394:Aristotle. "Ch. 9".
11298:. Harper Perennial.
10791:. 13 November 2018.
10612:History & Policy
10365:Journal of Democracy
10258:Hasan Kayalı (1995)
9688:Donald Ratcliffe, "
9632:on 30 September 2020
9477:Democracy in America
9238:"Rise of Parliament"
9196:on 25 September 2018
8511:Terrence A. Boring,
8302:(2004) 2018 pp.12â13
8058:. the-athenaeum.org.
7292:Journal of Democracy
7226:Journal of Democracy
6991:Industrial democracy
6886:emerging democracies
6843:developing countries
6343:Democratic socialism
5900:Debates on democracy
5867:Enabling Act of 1933
5630:modernisation theory
5613:âand within them of
5448:system of government
5388:creative destruction
4943:political scientists
4854:citizens' assemblies
4846:Renaissance Florence
4756:Democracy in Marxism
4695:democratic socialism
4682:Democratic socialism
4658:political philosophy
4409:separation of powers
4375:Parliamentary system
3889:separation of powers
3334:government crackdown
3198:Bulldozer Revolution
3107:mandated democracy:
2845:that began with the
2761:Revolutionary France
2515:political philosophy
2407:Casimir IV Jagiellon
2302:Republic of Florence
1976:History of democracy
1911:freedom of the press
1871:political minorities
1838:, while maintaining
1778:equal before the law
1748:of a state, such as
1668:, but in some cases
436:Democratic socialism
22878:West Nordic Council
22743:Eastern Partnership
22332:Analytic philosophy
22033:Classical tradition
21855:Early modern period
21811:Classical antiquity
21806:European Bronze Age
21607:Right-wing politics
21487:A Theory of Justice
21457:The Road to Serfdom
21377:The Social Contract
20084:Christian democracy
19584:FeijĂło y Montenegro
19535:Vorontsova-Dashkova
18498:Public viewing area
18267:Public water system
18255:Municipal broadband
18212:Public broadcasting
17822:Ministry of science
17780:Ministry of justice
17773:Ministry of housing
17734:Ministry of culture
17648:Ministry of finance
17588:Ministry of defence
17407:Forms of government
17340:Conservatism navbox
16945:Legislative council
16770:National healthcare
16644:Christian democracy
16566:Presidential system
16421:Countries by system
15808:2018Sci...359.1146V
15802:(6380): 1146â1151.
15519:2021PNAS..11823301C
14707:2020Sci...369.1192H
14701:(6508): 1192â1196.
13029:on 12 February 2015
12756:. Imprint Academic.
12569:The Washington Post
12398:. Vol. Book 4.
12000:Budge, Ian (2001).
11665:Michie, J. (2014).
11271:2011Antip..43..525S
11033:The Washington Post
10573:on 16 October 2013.
10537:"Tables and Charts"
10517:on 15 February 2020
10392:on 7 September 2006
10041:on 11 November 2020
9991:The Preamble of Law
9985:Jan Ligeza (2017).
9966:on 5 September 2019
9266:on 22 December 2016
9168:The British Library
8933:. 20 January 2015.
8502:, pp. 194â201.
8173:on 22 December 2019
8083:, pp. 168â169.
7719:(3): 201, 199â219.
7449:10.1093/poq/nfab056
7016:Spatial citizenship
7006:Power to the people
6946:Empowered democracy
6931:Defensive democracy
6902:conspiracy theories
6781:and the erosion of
6569:Politics portal
6363:Democracy promotion
6338:Democratic republic
5757:Coup of 18 Brumaire
5444:Democracy promotion
5413:Democracy promotion
5406:Democracy promotion
5352:conflict resolution
5281:one share, one vote
5241:workplace democracy
5062:Religious democracy
5056:Religious democracy
4977:Inclusive democracy
4897:Consensus democracy
4820:consensus democracy
4715:workplace democracy
4674:Socialist democracy
4494:by writers such as
4488:Bill of Rights 1689
4484:Glorious Revolution
4398:Presidential system
4288:in the US state of
4267:Swiss confederation
3945:Presidential system
3550:Citizens assemblies
3415:Contemporary theory
3330:failed coup attempt
3326:European Commission
3069:. However, most of
3038:in the center. The
2899:Chamber of Deputies
2861:was established in
2769:National Convention
2673:Claim of Right 1689
2657:Kingdom of Scotland
2599:(forerunner of the
2593:Jamestown, Virginia
2567:American Revolution
2491:Glorious Revolution
2483:English Restoration
2455:liberal democracies
2422:Early modern period
2334:democratic republic
2047:classical antiquity
1879:consensus democracy
1611:freedom of religion
1599:freedom of assembly
1482:Politics portal
1367:Supranational union
1276:Dependent territory
1189:National government
662:Politics portal
456:Democracy promotion
431:Democratic republic
53: in favour of
22935:Types of democracy
22337:Post-structuralism
22300:Christian humanism
21930:Universal suffrage
21619:Political violence
21614:Political theology
21597:Left-wing politics
21592:Political spectrum
18723:Natural philosophy
18463:Government auction
18149:Public procurement
17966:Interior ministers
17847:Minister for women
17802:Ministry of sports
17790:Ministry of labour
17785:Minister of labour
17756:Ministry of health
17741:Education minister
17691:Ministry of energy
17548:Secretary of state
17412:Types of democracy
17307:Political spectrum
16920:Legislative bodies
16875:Head of government
16800:Banking regulation
16360:Federal government
16350:Central government
15882:10.1111/bjop.12522
15513:(9): e2023301118.
15170:, 67â93, 132â160.
15114:. 11 November 1947
15026:The New York Times
15020:(7 January 1929).
15018:Edwin Leland James
13983:carrollquigley.net
12851:The Pacific Review
12727:Bookchin, Murray.
12521:. 29 December 1998
12256:on 3 February 1999
12179:on 17 January 2010
12002:"Direct democracy"
11732:. 30 November 2022
11414:Buffalo Law Review
10659:Your Right To Vote
10455:Julian Go (2007).
10313:The New York Times
9604:"Getting the vote"
9325:on 24 October 2014
9295:on 8 December 2015
9174:on 18 October 2017
9035:10.1111/isqu.12153
8627:A history of India
8324:Kurt A. Raaflaub,
8167:The Spirit of Laws
8018:, Bk. II, ch. 2â3.
6851:journalistic norms
6668:anarcho-capitalism
6508:Waves of democracy
6468:Right to candidacy
6438:Popular referendum
6428:Political equality
6298:Citizens' assembly
5936:You can assist by
5882:political violence
5790:, and the fall of
5786:, for example the
5749:List of civil wars
5539:
5474:
5441:
5285:board of directors
5204:
5136:Creative democracy
5007:and its successor
4987:economic democracy
4941:, as used by some
4913:. In contrast, in
4842:Athenian Democracy
4582:head of government
4447:
4322:Athenian democracy
4171:
4147:
4101:
3882:Types of democracy
3867:or quality of the
3840:
3694:
3623:Flawed democracies
3345:
3276:
3245:
3230:Jasmine Revolution
3190:
3127:"Communist" states
3098:Westminster system
3048:
2975:advanced, but the
2958:
2939:waves of democracy
2935:
2915:universal suffrage
2889:Parliament with a
2800:
2653:Kingdom of England
2645:
2639:, in front of the
2597:House of Burgesses
2481:(1653â59) and the
2459:
2348:
2294:Republic of Ragusa
2240:, bodies known as
2063:Athenian democracy
2033:Athenian democracy
2001:
1832:Westminster system
1809:political equality
1746:general population
1674:supermajority rule
1563:general population
601:Waves of democracy
561:Right to candidacy
531:Popular referendum
521:Political equality
391:Citizens' assembly
59:
55:universal suffrage
18:Form of government
22907:
22906:
22901:
22900:
22728:Council of Europe
22630:International law
22583:Constitutionalism
22441:Eastern Orthodoxy
21947:PostâCold War era
21880:Age of Revolution
21734:Greco-Roman world
21672:
21671:
21582:Philosophy of law
21527:Conflict theories
21367:The Spirit of Law
21274:
21273:
20323:Original position
19779:
19778:
19747:
19746:
19743:
19742:
18799:
18798:
18795:
18794:
18772:Scientific method
18629:Critical thinking
18544:
18543:
18538:
18537:
18365:Public university
18345:Public open space
18290:Drinking fountain
18250:Telecommunication
18008:
18007:
17956:Health ministries
17951:Forest ministries
17946:Foreign ministers
17941:Finance ministers
17921:Defence ministers
17842:Ministry of women
17797:Regional minister
17679:natural resources
17653:Industry minister
17638:Commerce minister
17608:Interior ministry
17603:Interior minister
17579:foreign affairs /
17553:Minister of state
17429:
17428:
17425:
17424:
17417:Political parties
17296:Political culture
17221:International law
17192:
17191:
17184:U.S. Constitution
17133:
17132:
17115:Political science
17094:
17093:
17066:Political parties
17027:
17026:
16953:
16952:
16669:Constitutionalism
16380:County government
16219:Library resources
16204:978-1-78360-542-2
16180:Munck, Gerardo L.
16115:Provost, Claire;
16109:Democracy: A Life
16089:978-0-520-24562-4
16070:978-0-691-01108-0
16012:978-0-14-044809-2
15969:978-0-8129-9356-1
15948:978-0-415-19396-2
15415:978-1-138-52143-8
15198:, 6 November 2002
15112:api.parliament.uk
15108:"Parliament Bill"
15072:. Rochester, NY.
15003:978-1-4426-0012-6
14856:978-3-030-03125-1
14546:978-0-19-023487-4
14475:978-1-4128-3116-1
14461:Political Parties
14444:978-0-444-52041-8
14398:978-0-444-52041-8
14300:978-0-521-85526-6
14044:978-0-8191-2947-5
14010:978-0-8191-2947-5
13906:978-1-108-61388-0
13773:978-3-319-74336-3
13740:978-0-08-043076-8
13699:978-3-319-74336-3
13658:978-1-315-19692-3
13522:. 20 October 2016
13357:978-0-19-887199-6
13292:Technology Review
13117:978-1-135-92468-3
12683:978-0-87348-524-1
12656:978-1-78960-701-7
12629:978-1-000-88190-5
12343:978-0-226-84279-0
12318:978-3-8204-8843-2
12152:978-1-137-31470-3
12060:978-2-606-01295-3
12015:978-0-415-19396-2
11976:Google Books link
11972:978-1-4191-4316-8
11962:T.R. Williamson,
11952:Google Books link
11948:978-0-691-12017-1
11928:Google Books link
11924:978-0-691-12017-1
11905:Google Books link
11901:978-0-7619-6787-3
11730:Our World in Data
11704:Our World in Data
11678:978-1-135-93226-8
11644:978-1-317-34529-9
11503:978-0-521-51477-4
11393:978-0-691-12019-5
11372:978-0-691-13872-5
11352:978-0-300-04938-1
11328:978-0-06-041750-5
11304:978-0-06-133008-7
11292:Joseph Schumpeter
11232:978-0-691-13830-5
11094:978-1-108-95780-9
11004:978-1-250-24442-0
10511:Our World in Data
10470:978-90-04-15174-1
10414:. Independent.org
10073:978-1-317-45536-3
10000:978-83-945455-0-5
9928:on 27 August 2008
9878:978-1-57356-148-8
9723:978-0-313-23091-2
9675:978-0-8386-3225-3
9574:978-0-415-30066-7
9509:978-0-7894-8903-6
9485:978-0-7607-5230-2
9411:978-0-521-35448-6
9149:978-1-108-33399-3
8896:978-1-84725-226-5
8809:978-1-5128-1957-1
8772:978-1-317-74224-1
8745:978-0-300-23332-2
8637:978-0-415-32919-4
8610:978-0-85229-760-5
8583:978-1-74104-308-2
8521:978-90-04-05971-9
8465:978-1-4008-2591-2
8442:978-1-4008-6083-8
8270:978-0-19-827934-1
8205:978-0-8156-0083-1
8148:978-0-19-022863-7
8111:978-0-691-13830-5
8041:978-0-226-22482-4
7983:978-0-8018-8475-7
7958:978-0-521-00385-8
7887:978-0-691-12017-1
7791:978-1-139-99138-4
7761:978-0-8018-8287-6
7686:Nations, United.
7672:978-0-8166-3388-3
7644:978-0-262-54147-3
7567:Democratic Theory
7419:978-0-415-97334-2
7396:978-0-85229-135-1
7332:. Merriam-Webster
7272:978-0-262-54147-3
7177:978-1-4051-9129-6
7080:Argentina in 1983
6882:protest movements
6771:structural causes
6676:absolute monarchy
6633:Winston Churchill
6603:
6602:
6458:Right to petition
5966:
5965:
5958:
5847:national security
5753:Spanish Civil War
5615:cognitive ability
5494:barriers to entry
5380:James A. Robinson
5120:Daniele Archibugi
5114:, and professors
4872:consociationalism
4806:anarcho-communist
4783:council democracy
4762:Marxist orthodoxy
4649:Liberal democracy
4595:often criticised
4546:Australian Senate
4492:crowned republics
4225:city councils of
4141:(in 2009) of the
4014:Absolute monarchy
3837:
3836:
3825: 0.000â0.099
3819: 0.100â0.199
3811: 0.200â0.299
3805: 0.300â0.399
3799: 0.400â0.499
3793: 0.500â0.599
3785: 0.600â0.699
3779: 0.700â0.799
3773: 0.800â0.899
3767: 0.900â1.000
3699:Democracy indices
3691:
3690:
3587:Democracy indices
3581:Democracy indices
3566:Radical democracy
3461:Joseph Schumpeter
3432:radical democracy
3393:absolute monarchy
3353:COVID-19 pandemic
3214:Orange Revolution
3170:with the rise of
3067:government change
2878:absolute monarchy
2843:series of reforms
2798:in France in 1848
2699:Corsican Republic
2578:Cossack Hetmanate
2571:French Revolution
2525:. Writing in the
2487:Habeas Corpus Act
2471:English Civil War
2467:Petition of Right
2411:Nieszawa Statutes
2288:. Established by
1946:does not specify
1907:freedom of speech
1817:political freedom
1727:Western democracy
1701:Greek city-states
1686:liberal democracy
1607:personal property
1535:
1516:
1515:
1467:
1466:
1438:Democracy indices
1413:
1412:
1216:
1215:
1025:Semi-presidential
950:
949:
696:
695:
551:Right to petition
23:Liberal democracy
22942:
22920:Classical Greece
22773:EU Customs Union
22305:Secular humanism
22253:Christian ethics
22203:EastâWest Schism
22186:Physical culture
21910:Great Divergence
21860:Age of Discovery
21699:
21692:
21685:
21676:
21675:
21587:Political ethics
21577:Machiavellianism
21517:Authoritarianism
21502:
21492:
21482:
21472:
21462:
21452:
21442:
21432:
21422:
21412:
21402:
21392:
21382:
21372:
21362:
21352:
21342:
21332:
21322:
21312:
21302:
21292:
20368:
20367:
20309:
20245:
20235:Balance of power
20209:Social democracy
20204:Social Darwinism
20179:Multiculturalism
20124:Environmentalism
20099:Communitarianism
19806:
19799:
19792:
19783:
19782:
19768:
19767:
18816:
18815:
18805:
18804:
18763:
18697:
18668:
18654:
18597:
18596:
18586:
18585:
18571:
18564:
18557:
18548:
18547:
18526:
18525:
18514:
18513:
18425:Social insurance
18272:Waste management
18240:Electric utility
18217:Public transport
18134:Public ownership
18053:Municipalization
18035:
18028:
18021:
18012:
18011:
17998:
17997:
17987:
17986:
17807:Tourism minister
17768:Housing minister
17729:Culture minister
17456:
17449:
17442:
17433:
17432:
17400:
17399:
17388:
17384:World government
17382:
17377:
17371:
17366:
17360:
17355:
17349:
17344:
17338:
17333:
17327:
17322:
17316:
17311:
17305:
17300:
17294:
17289:
17283:
17231:World government
17142:
17141:
17103:
17102:
17086:Environmentalism
17036:
17035:
16964:
16963:
16838:
16837:
16775:Public education
16755:Social insurance
16689:Environmentalism
16659:Communitarianism
16634:Authoritarianism
16596:Direct democracy
16375:Local government
16310:
16303:
16296:
16287:
16286:
16274:
16273:
16261:
16260:
16208:
16170:Przeworski, Adam
16166:
16138:Biagini, Eugenio
16134:
16093:
16074:
16055:
16049:
16041:
16016:
15995:
15989:
15981:
15952:
15922:
15921:
15911:
15905:
15904:
15894:
15884:
15860:
15851:
15850:
15848:
15846:
15841:on 29 April 2019
15840:
15834:. Archived from
15793:
15784:
15778:
15777:
15769:
15763:
15762:
15752:
15728:
15719:
15718:
15710:
15704:
15703:
15695:
15689:
15688:
15680:
15674:
15673:
15665:
15659:
15658:
15650:
15641:
15640:
15632:
15626:
15625:
15616:
15610:
15609:
15601:
15595:
15594:
15584:
15560:
15551:
15550:
15540:
15530:
15498:
15492:
15491:
15483:
15477:
15476:
15444:
15438:
15437:
15429:
15420:
15419:
15401:
15395:
15394:
15386:
15380:
15379:
15370:
15361:
15360:
15352:
15343:
15342:
15334:
15328:
15327:
15319:
15313:
15312:
15304:
15298:
15297:
15289:
15278:
15277:
15265:
15256:
15255:
15247:
15241:
15240:
15220:
15214:
15213:
15205:
15199:
15196:CommonDreams.org
15190:Thom Hartmann, "
15188:
15182:
15181:
15165:
15155:
15149:
15148:
15130:
15124:
15123:
15121:
15119:
15104:
15098:
15097:
15058:
15052:
15051:
15043:
15037:
15036:
15034:
15032:
15014:
15008:
15007:
14989:
14980:
14979:
14935:
14929:
14928:
14926:
14924:
14904:
14898:
14897:
14891:
14867:
14861:
14860:
14842:
14836:
14835:
14822:
14813:(7): 1095â1113.
14798:
14792:
14791:
14789:
14787:
14781:
14759:(8): 1533â1542.
14750:
14741:
14735:
14734:
14688:
14682:
14681:
14653:
14647:
14646:
14624:
14618:
14617:
14589:
14583:
14582:
14554:
14548:
14531:
14525:
14524:
14496:
14487:
14486:
14484:
14482:
14455:
14449:
14448:
14422:
14416:
14415:. Working Paper.
14409:
14403:
14402:
14376:
14370:
14369:
14367:
14352:
14350:10.1.1.1010.2955
14334:
14325:
14319:
14318:
14311:
14305:
14304:
14283:
14277:
14271:
14265:
14264:
14254:
14230:
14221:
14220:
14192:
14186:
14185:
14160:
14154:
14153:
14135:
14109:
14100:
14094:
14093:
14091:
14089:
14062:
14056:
14055:
14053:
14051:
14028:
14022:
14021:
14019:
14017:
13994:
13985:
13975:
13969:
13952:
13946:
13945:
13917:
13911:
13910:
13884:
13878:
13871:
13865:
13864:
13827:
13821:
13820:
13818:
13792:
13786:
13785:
13751:
13745:
13744:
13718:
13712:
13711:
13677:
13671:
13670:
13644:
13638:
13637:
13627:
13595:
13589:
13588:
13579:(1/2): 458â466.
13564:
13558:
13557:
13555:
13553:
13538:
13532:
13531:
13529:
13527:
13516:
13510:
13509:
13477:
13471:
13470:
13442:
13436:
13430:
13425:. Archived from
13408:
13402:
13401:
13391:
13367:
13361:
13360:
13339:
13333:
13332:
13330:
13304:
13298:
13297:
13282:
13276:
13275:
13265:
13239:
13230:
13224:
13223:
13199:
13193:
13192:
13190:
13188:
13173:
13167:
13166:
13164:
13154:
13128:
13122:
13121:
13100:
13094:
13084:
13078:
13077:
13045:
13039:
13038:
13036:
13034:
13028:
13022:. Archived from
13021:
13013:
13007:
12990:
12984:
12982:
12980:
12978:
12969:. Archived from
12963:
12957:
12956:
12954:
12952:
12946:
12940:. Archived from
12939:
12931:
12925:
12920:
12914:
12907:
12901:
12900:
12893:
12891:
12883:
12877:"Redirecting..."
12873:
12867:
12866:
12842:
12836:
12835:
12811:
12805:
12804:
12764:
12758:
12757:
12749:
12743:
12737:
12731:
12725:
12719:
12716:
12710:
12694:
12688:
12687:
12667:
12661:
12660:
12640:
12634:
12633:
12613:
12607:
12606:
12604:
12602:
12587:
12581:
12580:
12578:
12576:
12559:
12553:
12550:
12544:
12537:
12531:
12530:
12528:
12526:
12509:
12503:
12502:
12500:
12498:
12487:
12481:
12480:
12478:
12476:
12462:
12456:
12453:
12440:
12437:
12431:
12424:
12418:
12415:
12409:
12406:
12400:
12399:
12391:
12385:
12384:
12354:
12348:
12347:
12329:
12323:
12322:
12304:
12298:
12297:
12272:
12266:
12265:
12263:
12261:
12246:
12240:
12239:
12221:
12215:
12214:
12212:
12210:
12205:on 5 August 2012
12195:
12189:
12188:
12186:
12184:
12169:
12163:
12162:
12161:
12159:
12126:
12120:
12119:
12112:
12106:
12105:
12097:
12091:
12090:
12082:
12076:
12071:Niels Barmeyer,
12069:
12063:
12048:
12033:
12026:
12020:
12019:
11997:
11991:
11984:
11978:
11960:
11954:
11936:
11930:
11913:
11907:
11889:
11883:
11882:
11858:
11852:
11849:
11843:
11840:
11834:
11833:
11801:
11795:
11794:
11792:
11784:
11778:
11773:
11767:
11766:
11764:
11762:
11748:
11742:
11741:
11739:
11737:
11722:
11716:
11715:
11713:
11711:
11696:
11690:
11689:
11687:
11685:
11662:
11656:
11655:
11653:
11651:
11628:
11622:
11621:
11619:
11617:
11602:
11596:
11595:
11593:
11591:
11540:
11534:
11533:
11531:
11529:
11514:
11508:
11507:
11487:
11481:
11480:
11440:
11434:
11433:
11423:
11417:
11410:
11404:
11401:
11395:
11381:
11375:
11360:
11354:
11337:
11331:
11313:
11307:
11289:
11283:
11282:
11250:
11244:
11243:
11241:
11239:
11216:
11201:
11200:
11189:
11183:
11182:
11180:
11178:
11167:
11161:
11160:
11120:
11114:
11113:
11111:
11109:
11070:
11064:
11063:
11061:
11059:
11044:
11038:
11037:
11023:
11017:
11016:
10988:
10982:
10981:
10979:
10977:
10971:
10960:
10952:
10946:
10945:
10943:
10941:
10929:
10923:
10922:
10920:
10918:
10904:
10898:
10897:
10861:
10855:
10854:
10834:
10828:
10814:
10808:
10807:
10805:
10803:
10781:
10775:
10769:
10763:
10762:
10760:
10758:
10747:
10741:
10740:
10738:
10736:
10729:freedomhouse.org
10721:
10712:
10711:
10709:
10678:
10669:
10663:
10662:
10654:
10648:
10647:
10645:
10643:
10637:msa.maryland.gov
10629:
10623:
10622:
10620:
10618:
10603:
10597:
10596:
10594:
10592:
10587:. United Nations
10581:
10575:
10574:
10569:. Archived from
10559:
10553:
10552:
10550:
10548:
10533:
10527:
10526:
10524:
10522:
10513:. Archived from
10503:
10497:
10496:
10494:
10492:
10481:
10475:
10474:
10452:
10446:
10445:
10443:
10441:
10430:
10424:
10423:
10421:
10419:
10408:
10402:
10401:
10399:
10397:
10388:. Archived from
10382:
10376:
10375:
10373:
10371:
10356:
10350:
10349:
10347:
10345:
10340:. Bloomberg News
10333:
10324:
10323:
10321:
10319:
10304:
10298:
10297:
10286:
10280:
10279:
10272:
10266:
10256:
10250:
10236:
10230:
10229:
10227:
10225:
10214:
10208:
10202:
10196:
10190:
10184:
10183:
10181:
10179:
10165:
10159:
10158:
10156:
10154:
10145:. Archived from
10134:
10128:
10127:
10125:
10123:
10108:
10102:
10101:
10099:
10092:
10084:
10078:
10077:
10057:
10051:
10050:
10048:
10046:
10040:
10033:
10024:
10018:
10017:(1983) pp 77â111
10011:
10005:
10004:
9982:
9976:
9975:
9973:
9971:
9965:
9958:
9944:
9938:
9937:
9935:
9933:
9918:
9912:
9911:
9909:
9907:
9896:
9890:
9889:
9887:
9885:
9862:
9856:
9855:
9853:
9851:
9832:
9826:
9825:
9823:
9792:
9783:
9777:
9776:
9774:
9743:
9734:
9728:
9727:
9703:
9697:
9686:
9680:
9679:
9661:
9655:
9648:
9642:
9641:
9639:
9637:
9622:
9616:
9615:
9613:
9611:
9600:
9594:
9593:
9585:
9579:
9578:
9555:
9549:
9534:
9528:
9518:
9512:
9494:
9488:
9470:
9464:
9463:
9439:
9433:
9422:
9416:
9415:
9388:
9382:
9381:
9345:
9339:
9338:
9332:
9330:
9315:
9309:
9308:
9302:
9300:
9285:
9276:
9275:
9273:
9271:
9260:"Putney debates"
9256:
9250:
9249:
9247:
9245:
9234:
9228:
9227:
9225:
9223:
9212:
9206:
9205:
9203:
9201:
9192:. Archived from
9182:
9181:
9179:
9170:. Archived from
9160:
9154:
9153:
9135:
9129:
9128:
9110:
9086:
9080:
9079:
9069:
9045:
9039:
9038:
9018:
9012:
9011:
8975:
8969:
8968:
8966:
8964:
8953:
8947:
8946:
8944:
8942:
8928:
8921:
8920:
8918:
8907:
8901:
8900:
8880:
8874:
8873:
8871:
8869:
8858:
8852:
8851:
8845:
8843:
8838:on 23 April 2021
8828:
8822:
8821:
8783:
8777:
8776:
8756:
8750:
8749:
8729:
8723:
8722:
8720:
8718:
8706:Communications.
8703:
8697:
8696:
8660:
8654:
8648:
8642:
8641:
8621:
8615:
8614:
8594:
8588:
8587:
8563:
8557:
8551:
8545:
8544:
8542:
8540:
8529:
8523:
8509:
8503:
8497:
8491:
8485:
8479:
8473:
8467:
8453:
8447:
8446:
8426:
8420:
8419:
8417:
8415:
8406:. Archived from
8396:
8390:
8389:
8361:
8355:
8354:
8344:
8338:
8337:Aristotle Book 6
8335:
8329:
8322:
8316:
8309:
8303:
8290:
8284:
8278:
8272:
8258:
8252:
8251:
8249:
8247:
8224:
8218:
8217:
8189:
8183:
8182:
8180:
8178:
8158:
8152:
8151:
8122:
8116:
8115:
8095:
8084:
8078:
8072:
8066:
8060:
8059:
8052:
8046:
8045:
8025:
8019:
8012:
8006:
7994:
7988:
7987:
7969:
7963:
7962:
7945:Nussbaum, Martha
7941:
7935:
7934:
7898:
7892:
7891:
7871:
7865:
7864:
7862:
7860:
7855:on 27 March 2016
7838:
7832:
7831:
7829:
7827:
7816:
7815:
7813:
7802:
7796:
7795:
7775:
7766:
7765:
7745:
7739:
7728:
7706:
7700:
7699:
7697:
7695:
7690:. United Nations
7683:
7677:
7676:
7658:
7652:
7648:
7630:
7624:
7623:
7621:
7619:
7605:
7599:
7598:
7558:
7552:
7539:
7533:
7532:
7510:
7501:
7497:
7491:
7485:
7479:
7478:
7468:
7428:
7422:
7407:
7401:
7400:
7382:
7373:
7365:
7359:
7348:
7342:
7341:
7339:
7337:
7326:
7320:
7319:
7283:
7277:
7276:
7256:
7250:
7249:
7217:
7208:
7207:
7205:
7203:
7198:. 16 August 2023
7188:
7182:
7181:
7155:
7149:
7148:
7146:
7144:
7133:
7114:
7111:
7099:
7072:Portugal in 1974
7069:
7063:
7034:
6985:
6980:
6979:
6966:Horseshoe theory
6951:Energy democracy
6878:social movements
6767:civic engagement
6595:
6588:
6581:
6567:
6566:
6463:Right to protest
6413:Nomination rules
5968:
5967:
5961:
5954:
5950:
5947:
5941:
5921:
5920:
5913:
5767:which ended the
5582:Ronald Inglehart
5543:political system
5528:
5525:
5478:political apathy
5371:Why Nations Fail
5358:Economic success
5332:direct democracy
5314:argues that the
5293:classes of stock
5159:Guided democracy
5105:World Parliament
5089:world federalism
5085:global democracy
4999:Takis Fotopoulos
4983:direct democracy
4939:ethnic democracy
4932:Ethnic democracy
4734:representation,
4717:combined with a
4691:Social democracy
4678:Social democracy
4597:direct democracy
4386:loyal opposition
4305:direct democracy
4195:recall elections
4163:direct democracy
4143:canton of Glarus
4129:Direct democracy
4113:direct democracy
4095:
4088:
4081:
4073:
4065:
4051:
4041:
4031:
4021:
4011:
4001:
3987:
3976:
3966:
3953:
3936:
3926:
3916:
3869:electoral system
3830:
3824:
3818:
3810:
3804:
3798:
3792:
3784:
3778:
3772:
3766:
3760:
3684:
3678:
3672:
3666:
3653:
3647:
3634:
3628:
3617:
3612: 9.00â10.00
3611:
3606:Full democracies
3602:
3484:direct democracy
3469:William H. Riker
3222:Tulip Revolution
3220:in Lebanon, the
3218:Cedar Revolution
3216:in Ukraine, the
3164:candidate states
3120:
3073:, including the
3023:, among others.
2977:Great Depression
2973:women's suffrage
2969:Austro-Hungarian
2721:Colonial America
2582:Zaporizhian Sich
2500:royal absolutism
2479:the Protectorate
2140:Even though the
2129:Spartan ecclesia
2094:random selection
1996:in front of the
1885:, and generally
1790:direct democracy
1723:
1716:
1715:
1705:Classical Athens
1654:popular assembly
1574:direct democracy
1540:
1530:
1528:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1480:
1479:
1427:
1426:
1271:Associated state
1229:
1228:
1204:Internationalism
1194:World government
1171:
1050:
982:
963:
962:
937:Free association
924:
885:
804:
747:
735:
734:
698:
697:
688:
681:
674:
660:
659:
556:Right to protest
506:Nomination rules
61:
60:
22950:
22949:
22945:
22944:
22943:
22941:
22940:
22939:
22910:
22909:
22908:
22903:
22902:
22897:
22863:UKUSA Agreement
22803:Lublin Triangle
22688:Baltic Assembly
22640:
22634:
22552:
22389:
22224:
22094:Eurolinguistics
21963:
21952:Information age
21925:Interwar period
21792:
21712:
21703:
21673:
21668:
21655:
21644:Totalitarianism
21505:
21500:
21490:
21480:
21470:
21460:
21450:
21440:
21430:
21420:
21410:
21400:
21390:
21380:
21370:
21360:
21350:
21340:
21330:
21320:
21317:Treatise on Law
21310:
21300:
21290:
21270:
20928:
20922:
20661:
20655:
20541:
20535:
20454:
20357:
20343:State of nature
20338:Social contract
20318:Ordered liberty
20306:Noblesse oblige
20223:
20057:
19986:
19815:
19810:
19780:
19775:
19774:
19761:
19739:
19701:
19603:
19560:
19539:
19486:
19455:
19451:Carvalho e Melo
19439:
19386:
19320:
19272:
19236:
19203:
19122:
19081:
18925:
18810:
18791:
18777:Spanish America
18651:Encyclopédistes
18614:Civil liberties
18591:
18580:
18575:
18545:
18540:
18539:
18534:
18502:
18488:Public security
18478:Public offering
18446:
18435:Social security
18385:Social services
18379:
18335:Public hospital
18330:Public computer
18325:Public bookcase
18276:
18226:
18195:Law enforcement
18190:Fire department
18173:
18124:Public interest
18067:
18063:Progressive tax
18058:Nationalization
18044:
18042:Public services
18039:
18009:
18004:
17975:
17891:Prime ministers
17886:Vice presidents
17869:
17853:
17751:Health minister
17717:
17686:Energy minister
17678:
17672:
17630:
17624:
17580:
17578:
17572:
17558:Deputy minister
17536:
17470:
17460:
17430:
17421:
17391:
17386:
17380:
17375:
17369:
17364:
17362:Western culture
17358:
17353:
17347:
17342:
17336:
17331:
17325:
17320:
17314:
17309:
17303:
17298:
17292:
17287:
17281:
17250:
17188:
17129:
17110:Fields of study
17090:
17071:Advocacy groups
17023:
16959:
16949:
16829:
16825:Street cleaning
16805:Food inspection
16760:Law enforcement
16743:
16612:
16546:Totalitarianism
16399:
16323:
16314:
16279:
16266:
16239:
16238:
16237:
16227:
16226:
16222:
16215:
16205:
16184:Democratization
16163:
16131:
16105:Cartledge, Paul
16101:
16099:Further reading
16096:
16090:
16071:
16043:
16042:
16013:
15983:
15982:
15970:
15949:
15930:
15925:
15912:
15908:
15861:
15854:
15844:
15842:
15838:
15791:
15785:
15781:
15770:
15766:
15729:
15722:
15711:
15707:
15696:
15692:
15681:
15677:
15666:
15662:
15651:
15644:
15633:
15629:
15617:
15613:
15602:
15598:
15561:
15554:
15499:
15495:
15484:
15480:
15445:
15441:
15430:
15423:
15416:
15402:
15398:
15387:
15383:
15371:
15364:
15353:
15346:
15335:
15331:
15320:
15316:
15305:
15301:
15290:
15281:
15266:
15259:
15248:
15244:
15221:
15217:
15206:
15202:
15189:
15185:
15178:
15156:
15152:
15145:
15131:
15127:
15117:
15115:
15106:
15105:
15101:
15059:
15055:
15044:
15040:
15030:
15028:
15015:
15011:
15004:
14990:
14983:
14936:
14932:
14922:
14920:
14913:Carnegie Europe
14905:
14901:
14868:
14864:
14857:
14843:
14839:
14807:Democratization
14799:
14795:
14785:
14783:
14779:
14753:Democratization
14748:
14742:
14738:
14689:
14685:
14658:Democratization
14654:
14650:
14625:
14621:
14590:
14586:
14559:Democratization
14555:
14551:
14532:
14528:
14501:Democratization
14497:
14490:
14480:
14478:
14476:
14468:. p. 243.
14456:
14452:
14445:
14423:
14419:
14410:
14406:
14399:
14377:
14373:
14365:
14332:
14326:
14322:
14313:
14312:
14308:
14301:
14287:Acemoglu, Daron
14284:
14280:
14272:
14268:
14231:
14224:
14193:
14189:
14161:
14157:
14107:
14101:
14097:
14087:
14085:
14063:
14059:
14049:
14047:
14045:
14029:
14025:
14015:
14013:
14011:
13995:
13988:
13976:
13972:
13963:Wayback Machine
13953:
13949:
13918:
13914:
13907:
13885:
13881:
13872:
13868:
13845:10.2307/1951731
13828:
13824:
13793:
13789:
13774:
13752:
13748:
13741:
13719:
13715:
13700:
13678:
13674:
13659:
13651:. p. 281.
13645:
13641:
13596:
13592:
13565:
13561:
13551:
13549:
13539:
13535:
13525:
13523:
13518:
13517:
13513:
13478:
13474:
13443:
13439:
13429:on 5 July 2008.
13409:
13405:
13368:
13364:
13358:
13340:
13336:
13305:
13301:
13283:
13279:
13237:
13231:
13227:
13200:
13196:
13186:
13184:
13174:
13170:
13129:
13125:
13118:
13101:
13097:
13085:
13081:
13046:
13042:
13032:
13030:
13026:
13019:
13015:
13014:
13010:
12991:
12987:
12976:
12974:
12965:
12964:
12960:
12950:
12948:
12947:on 25 July 2011
12944:
12937:
12933:
12932:
12928:
12921:
12917:
12908:
12904:
12894:
12885:
12884:
12875:
12874:
12870:
12843:
12839:
12812:
12808:
12785:10.2307/2009820
12765:
12761:
12750:
12746:
12738:
12734:
12726:
12722:
12717:
12713:
12695:
12691:
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12668:
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12610:
12600:
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12589:
12588:
12584:
12574:
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12511:
12510:
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12294:
12273:
12269:
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12218:
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12127:
12123:
12114:
12113:
12109:
12098:
12094:
12083:
12079:
12070:
12066:
12049:
12036:
12027:
12023:
12016:
11998:
11994:
11985:
11981:
11961:
11957:
11937:
11933:
11914:
11910:
11890:
11886:
11859:
11855:
11850:
11846:
11841:
11837:
11802:
11798:
11790:
11786:
11785:
11781:
11774:
11770:
11760:
11758:
11750:
11749:
11745:
11735:
11733:
11724:
11723:
11719:
11709:
11707:
11698:
11697:
11693:
11683:
11681:
11679:
11663:
11659:
11649:
11647:
11645:
11629:
11625:
11615:
11613:
11603:
11599:
11589:
11587:
11541:
11537:
11527:
11525:
11516:
11515:
11511:
11504:
11488:
11484:
11441:
11437:
11424:
11420:
11416:, Vol. 54, 2006
11411:
11407:
11402:
11398:
11382:
11378:
11361:
11357:
11338:
11334:
11314:
11310:
11290:
11286:
11251:
11247:
11237:
11235:
11233:
11217:
11204:
11191:
11190:
11186:
11176:
11174:
11169:
11168:
11164:
11121:
11117:
11107:
11105:
11095:
11071:
11067:
11057:
11055:
11053:Foreign Affairs
11045:
11041:
11024:
11020:
11005:
10989:
10985:
10975:
10973:
10969:
10958:
10954:
10953:
10949:
10939:
10937:
10936:. Freedom House
10930:
10926:
10916:
10914:
10906:
10905:
10901:
10866:Democratization
10862:
10858:
10835:
10831:
10826:Wayback Machine
10815:
10811:
10801:
10799:
10783:
10782:
10778:
10770:
10766:
10756:
10754:
10749:
10748:
10744:
10734:
10732:
10723:
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10676:
10670:
10666:
10655:
10651:
10641:
10639:
10631:
10630:
10626:
10616:
10614:
10604:
10600:
10590:
10588:
10583:
10582:
10578:
10561:
10560:
10556:
10546:
10544:
10543:on 13 July 2009
10535:
10534:
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10520:
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10505:
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10483:
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10317:
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10301:
10287:
10283:
10274:
10273:
10269:
10257:
10253:
10247:Wayback Machine
10237:
10233:
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10215:
10211:
10203:
10199:
10191:
10187:
10177:
10175:
10167:
10166:
10162:
10152:
10150:
10149:on 10 June 2014
10135:
10131:
10121:
10119:
10118:on 14 July 2007
10110:
10109:
10105:
10097:
10090:
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10085:
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10054:
10044:
10042:
10038:
10031:
10025:
10021:
10012:
10008:
10001:
9987:PreambuĆa Prawa
9983:
9979:
9969:
9967:
9963:
9956:
9950:(15 May 1991).
9945:
9941:
9931:
9929:
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9903:
9898:
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9635:
9633:
9624:
9623:
9619:
9609:
9607:
9602:
9601:
9597:
9586:
9582:
9575:
9556:
9552:
9547:Wayback Machine
9535:
9531:
9519:
9515:
9497:Allen Weinstein
9495:
9491:
9471:
9467:
9446:(11): 107â151.
9440:
9436:
9423:
9419:
9412:
9389:
9385:
9346:
9342:
9328:
9326:
9317:
9316:
9312:
9298:
9296:
9287:
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9279:
9269:
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9087:
9083:
9046:
9042:
9019:
9015:
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8955:
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8914:
8909:
8908:
8904:
8897:
8881:
8877:
8867:
8865:
8860:
8859:
8855:
8841:
8839:
8830:
8829:
8825:
8810:
8784:
8780:
8773:
8757:
8753:
8746:
8730:
8726:
8716:
8714:
8704:
8700:
8661:
8657:
8649:
8645:
8638:
8622:
8618:
8611:
8595:
8591:
8584:
8576:. p. 556.
8564:
8560:
8552:
8548:
8538:
8536:
8535:. Annourbis.com
8531:
8530:
8526:
8510:
8506:
8498:
8494:
8486:
8482:
8474:
8470:
8454:
8450:
8443:
8427:
8423:
8413:
8411:
8410:on 1 March 2018
8398:
8397:
8393:
8362:
8358:
8345:
8341:
8336:
8332:
8328:, pp. 108, 109.
8323:
8319:
8310:
8306:
8293:Luciano Canfora
8291:
8287:
8279:
8275:
8259:
8255:
8245:
8243:
8225:
8221:
8206:
8190:
8186:
8176:
8174:
8159:
8155:
8149:
8123:
8119:
8112:
8096:
8087:
8079:
8075:
8067:
8063:
8054:
8053:
8049:
8042:
8026:
8022:
8013:
8009:
7995:
7991:
7984:
7970:
7966:
7959:
7942:
7938:
7899:
7895:
7888:
7872:
7868:
7858:
7856:
7839:
7835:
7825:
7823:
7818:
7811:
7809:
7808:. UK Parliament
7804:
7803:
7799:
7792:
7776:
7769:
7762:
7746:
7742:
7737:Wayback Machine
7707:
7703:
7693:
7691:
7684:
7680:
7673:
7659:
7655:
7645:
7631:
7627:
7617:
7615:
7607:
7606:
7602:
7559:
7555:
7540:
7536:
7525:Economist Group
7511:
7504:
7498:
7494:
7486:
7482:
7429:
7425:
7408:
7404:
7397:
7383:
7376:
7366:
7362:
7349:
7345:
7335:
7333:
7328:
7327:
7323:
7284:
7280:
7273:
7257:
7253:
7218:
7211:
7201:
7199:
7190:
7189:
7185:
7178:
7156:
7152:
7142:
7140:
7135:
7134:
7127:
7123:
7118:
7117:
7112:
7108:
7103:
7102:
7088:Uruguay in 1984
7070:
7066:
7035:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7020:
6983:Politics portal
6981:
6974:
6970:
6961:Good governance
6925:
6691:
6685:
6680:
6679:
6650:and democratic
6599:
6561:
6556:
6555:
6521:
6513:
6512:
6393:Majoritarianism
6353:Democratization
6288:
6280:
6279:
6014:
6004:
5973:Politics series
5962:
5951:
5945:
5942:
5935:
5922:
5918:
5910:
5902:
5759:that ended the
5733:
5728:
5727:
5724:democratization
5687:
5681:
5679:Autocratization
5599:Carroll Quigley
5577:
5576:
5565:Democratization
5561:
5559:Democratization
5555:
5553:Democratization
5526:
5516:
5510:
5502:presidentialism
5498:proportionality
5466:
5465:
5416:
5408:
5392:economic growth
5366:
5360:
5340:
5334:on this basis.
5330:advocate for a
5309:
5301:
5277:
5271:
5263:Sudbury schools
5213:
5161:
5155:
5138:
5132:
5081:
5075:
5070:
5069:
5059:
5051:
5023:
5017:
4995:self-management
4979:
4973:
4968:
4967:
4951:ethnic majority
4935:
4927:
4899:
4893:
4868:
4862:
4834:
4828:
4809:Murray Bookchin
4791:
4758:
4752:
4684:
4672:Main articles:
4670:
4651:
4645:
4560:
4554:
4435:
4429:
4424:
4400:
4394:
4377:
4371:
4336:
4330:
4318:
4273:) or ask for a
4239:
4131:
4125:
4109:
4099:
4054:
4053:
4049:
4047:
4039:
4037:
4029:
4027:
4024:One-party state
4019:
4017:
4009:
4007:
3999:
3997:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3974:
3972:
3964:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3942:
3941:
3934:
3932:
3924:
3922:
3914:
3905:
3884:
3878:
3873:
3872:
3856:econometrically
3851:
3845:
3838:
3832:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3748:
3747:
3744:electoral fraud
3738:of opposition,
3692:
3686:
3685: 0.00â0.99
3682:
3680:
3679: 1.00â1.99
3676:
3674:
3673: 2.00â2.99
3670:
3668:
3667: 3.00â3.99
3664:
3655:
3654: 4.00â4.99
3651:
3649:
3648: 5.00â5.99
3645:
3636:
3635: 6.00â6.99
3632:
3630:
3629: 7.00â7.99
3626:
3619:
3618: 8.00â8.99
3615:
3613:
3609:
3589:
3583:
3576:
3562:
3528:
3473:Adam Przeworski
3441:
3417:
3366:
3361:
3300:Rodrigo Duterte
3206:Rose Revolution
3176:Asian democracy
3131:democratisation
3121:
3116:
3055:democratisation
3044:workers council
2923:
2847:Reform Act 1832
2715:female suffrage
2681:Ignatius Sancho
2625:
2609:Pilgrim Fathers
2559:right to revolt
2533:state of nature
2424:
2419:
2393:noble democracy
2381:David Stasavage
2346:, 1215, England
2318:Kouroukan Fouga
2274:Catholic Church
2218:
2213:
2207:
2194:
2167:
2147:weighted voting
2035:
2029:
2027:Greece and Rome
2024:
1994:funeral oration
1978:
1972:
1922:collective will
1918:social contract
1856:political state
1852:judicial review
1850:which includes
1804:is exercised."
1766:
1764:Characteristics
1682:majoritarianism
1643:minority rights
1567:civil liberties
1512:
1474:
1469:
1468:
1455:Democratisation
1448:Autocratization
1424:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1371:
1332:
1311:Tributary state
1301:Satellite state
1256:
1226:
1225:Power structure
1218:
1217:
1169:
1168:
1150:
1121:
1107:
1098:Totalitarianism
1048:
1047:
1029:
980:
979:
960:
952:
951:
946:
922:
914:
879:
871:
802:
794:
741:
732:
731:Source of power
709:Basic forms of
703:Politics series
692:
654:
649:
648:
614:
606:
605:
486:Majoritarianism
446:Democratization
381:
373:
372:
107:
97:
66:Politics series
34:
19:
12:
11:
5:
22948:
22938:
22937:
22932:
22927:
22922:
22905:
22904:
22899:
22898:
22896:
22895:
22893:Westernization
22890:
22885:
22880:
22875:
22873:VisegrĂĄd Group
22870:
22865:
22860:
22855:
22850:
22845:
22840:
22835:
22830:
22825:
22820:
22815:
22813:Nordic Council
22810:
22805:
22800:
22795:
22790:
22785:
22780:
22775:
22770:
22765:
22760:
22755:
22750:
22745:
22740:
22735:
22730:
22725:
22720:
22715:
22710:
22708:Bucharest Nine
22705:
22700:
22695:
22690:
22685:
22680:
22675:
22673:Arctic Council
22670:
22665:
22660:
22655:
22650:
22644:
22642:
22636:
22635:
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22627:
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22610:
22605:
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22365:
22364:
22363:
22351:
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22349:
22339:
22334:
22329:
22324:
22319:
22314:
22309:
22308:
22307:
22302:
22292:
22291:
22290:
22283:Existentialism
22280:
22275:
22270:
22265:
22260:
22255:
22250:
22245:
22240:
22234:
22232:
22226:
22225:
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22222:
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22220:
22215:
22210:
22205:
22195:
22194:
22193:
22183:
22182:
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22176:
22166:
22165:
22164:
22154:
22149:
22148:
22147:
22142:
22137:
22127:
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22125:
22115:
22114:
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22103:
22102:
22101:
22096:
22086:
22081:
22076:
22071:
22070:
22069:
22059:
22054:
22053:
22052:
22042:
22041:
22040:
22030:
22029:
22028:
22018:
22013:
22012:
22011:
22001:
21996:
21995:
21994:
21989:
21984:
21973:
21971:
21965:
21964:
21962:
21961:
21960:
21959:
21954:
21944:
21943:
21942:
21937:
21932:
21927:
21922:
21917:
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21907:
21902:
21897:
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21887:
21882:
21877:
21872:
21867:
21862:
21857:
21847:
21842:
21841:
21840:
21835:
21830:
21820:
21819:
21818:
21816:Late antiquity
21808:
21802:
21800:
21794:
21793:
21791:
21790:
21785:
21780:
21775:
21770:
21769:
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21767:
21766:
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21746:
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21720:
21718:
21714:
21713:
21702:
21701:
21694:
21687:
21679:
21670:
21669:
21667:
21666:
21660:
21657:
21656:
21654:
21653:
21646:
21641:
21636:
21634:Social justice
21631:
21626:
21621:
21616:
21611:
21610:
21609:
21604:
21599:
21589:
21584:
21579:
21574:
21569:
21564:
21559:
21554:
21549:
21544:
21542:Egalitarianism
21539:
21534:
21532:Contractualism
21529:
21524:
21519:
21513:
21511:
21507:
21506:
21504:
21503:
21493:
21483:
21473:
21463:
21453:
21443:
21433:
21423:
21413:
21403:
21393:
21383:
21373:
21363:
21353:
21343:
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21303:
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21263:
21258:
21253:
21248:
21243:
21238:
21233:
21228:
21223:
21218:
21213:
21208:
21203:
21198:
21193:
21188:
21183:
21178:
21173:
21168:
21163:
21158:
21153:
21148:
21143:
21138:
21133:
21128:
21123:
21118:
21113:
21108:
21103:
21098:
21093:
21088:
21083:
21078:
21073:
21068:
21063:
21058:
21053:
21048:
21043:
21038:
21033:
21028:
21023:
21018:
21013:
21008:
21003:
20998:
20993:
20988:
20983:
20978:
20973:
20968:
20963:
20958:
20953:
20948:
20943:
20938:
20932:
20930:
20924:
20923:
20921:
20920:
20915:
20910:
20905:
20900:
20895:
20890:
20885:
20880:
20875:
20870:
20865:
20860:
20855:
20850:
20845:
20840:
20835:
20830:
20825:
20820:
20815:
20810:
20805:
20800:
20799:
20798:
20788:
20783:
20782:
20781:
20771:
20766:
20761:
20756:
20751:
20746:
20741:
20736:
20731:
20726:
20721:
20716:
20711:
20706:
20701:
20696:
20691:
20686:
20681:
20676:
20671:
20665:
20663:
20657:
20656:
20654:
20653:
20648:
20643:
20638:
20633:
20628:
20623:
20618:
20613:
20608:
20603:
20598:
20597:
20596:
20586:
20581:
20576:
20571:
20566:
20561:
20556:
20551:
20545:
20543:
20537:
20536:
20534:
20533:
20528:
20523:
20518:
20513:
20508:
20503:
20498:
20493:
20488:
20483:
20478:
20473:
20468:
20462:
20460:
20456:
20455:
20453:
20452:
20447:
20442:
20437:
20432:
20427:
20426:
20425:
20415:
20410:
20405:
20400:
20395:
20390:
20385:
20380:
20374:
20372:
20365:
20359:
20358:
20356:
20355:
20350:
20345:
20340:
20335:
20330:
20328:Overton window
20325:
20320:
20315:
20310:
20301:
20296:
20291:
20286:
20281:
20276:
20271:
20266:
20261:
20256:
20251:
20246:
20237:
20231:
20229:
20225:
20224:
20222:
20221:
20216:
20211:
20206:
20201:
20196:
20191:
20186:
20181:
20176:
20171:
20166:
20161:
20159:Libertarianism
20156:
20151:
20146:
20141:
20136:
20131:
20126:
20121:
20116:
20111:
20106:
20101:
20096:
20091:
20086:
20081:
20076:
20071:
20065:
20063:
20059:
20058:
20056:
20055:
20050:
20045:
20040:
20035:
20030:
20025:
20020:
20015:
20010:
20005:
20000:
19994:
19992:
19988:
19987:
19985:
19984:
19979:
19974:
19969:
19964:
19959:
19954:
19949:
19944:
19939:
19934:
19929:
19924:
19919:
19914:
19909:
19904:
19899:
19894:
19889:
19884:
19879:
19874:
19869:
19864:
19859:
19854:
19849:
19844:
19839:
19834:
19829:
19823:
19821:
19817:
19816:
19809:
19808:
19801:
19794:
19786:
19777:
19776:
19773:
19772:
19754:
19753:
19752:
19749:
19748:
19745:
19744:
19741:
19740:
19738:
19737:
19732:
19727:
19722:
19717:
19711:
19709:
19703:
19702:
19700:
19699:
19694:
19689:
19684:
19679:
19674:
19669:
19664:
19659:
19654:
19649:
19644:
19639:
19634:
19629:
19624:
19619:
19613:
19611:
19605:
19604:
19602:
19601:
19596:
19591:
19586:
19581:
19576:
19570:
19568:
19562:
19561:
19559:
19558:
19553:
19547:
19545:
19541:
19540:
19538:
19537:
19532:
19527:
19522:
19517:
19512:
19507:
19502:
19496:
19494:
19488:
19487:
19485:
19484:
19479:
19474:
19469:
19463:
19461:
19457:
19456:
19454:
19453:
19447:
19445:
19441:
19440:
19438:
19437:
19432:
19427:
19422:
19417:
19412:
19407:
19402:
19396:
19394:
19388:
19387:
19385:
19384:
19379:
19374:
19369:
19364:
19359:
19354:
19349:
19344:
19339:
19334:
19328:
19326:
19322:
19321:
19319:
19318:
19313:
19308:
19303:
19298:
19293:
19288:
19282:
19280:
19274:
19273:
19271:
19270:
19265:
19260:
19255:
19250:
19244:
19242:
19238:
19237:
19235:
19234:
19229:
19224:
19219:
19213:
19211:
19205:
19204:
19202:
19201:
19196:
19191:
19186:
19181:
19176:
19171:
19166:
19161:
19156:
19151:
19146:
19141:
19136:
19130:
19128:
19124:
19123:
19121:
19120:
19115:
19110:
19105:
19100:
19095:
19089:
19087:
19083:
19082:
19080:
19079:
19074:
19069:
19064:
19059:
19054:
19049:
19044:
19039:
19034:
19029:
19024:
19019:
19014:
19009:
19004:
18999:
18994:
18989:
18984:
18979:
18974:
18969:
18964:
18959:
18954:
18949:
18944:
18939:
18933:
18931:
18927:
18926:
18924:
18923:
18921:Wollstonecraft
18918:
18913:
18908:
18903:
18898:
18893:
18888:
18883:
18878:
18873:
18868:
18863:
18858:
18853:
18848:
18843:
18838:
18833:
18828:
18822:
18820:
18812:
18811:
18801:
18800:
18797:
18796:
18793:
18792:
18790:
18789:
18784:
18779:
18774:
18769:
18764:
18755:
18750:
18745:
18740:
18735:
18730:
18725:
18720:
18715:
18710:
18705:
18698:
18689:
18684:
18679:
18674:
18669:
18660:
18655:
18646:
18641:
18636:
18631:
18626:
18621:
18616:
18611:
18606:
18600:
18593:
18592:
18582:
18581:
18574:
18573:
18566:
18559:
18551:
18542:
18541:
18536:
18535:
18533:
18532:
18520:
18507:
18504:
18503:
18501:
18500:
18495:
18490:
18485:
18480:
18475:
18473:Public holiday
18470:
18465:
18460:
18454:
18452:
18448:
18447:
18445:
18444:
18442:Youth services
18439:
18438:
18437:
18432:
18430:Social pension
18422:
18421:
18420:
18410:
18405:
18400:
18398:Public housing
18395:
18389:
18387:
18381:
18380:
18378:
18377:
18372:
18367:
18362:
18357:
18352:
18347:
18342:
18340:Public library
18337:
18332:
18327:
18322:
18317:
18312:
18307:
18305:Infrastructure
18302:
18300:Free education
18297:
18292:
18286:
18284:
18278:
18277:
18275:
18274:
18269:
18264:
18259:
18258:
18257:
18247:
18242:
18236:
18234:
18232:Public utility
18228:
18227:
18225:
18224:
18219:
18214:
18209:
18208:
18207:
18205:Savings system
18200:Postal service
18197:
18192:
18187:
18181:
18179:
18178:Basic services
18175:
18174:
18172:
18171:
18166:
18161:
18156:
18151:
18146:
18141:
18136:
18131:
18126:
18121:
18116:
18111:
18106:
18101:
18096:
18094:Product sample
18091:
18089:Free newspaper
18086:
18081:
18075:
18073:
18069:
18068:
18066:
18065:
18060:
18055:
18049:
18046:
18045:
18038:
18037:
18030:
18023:
18015:
18006:
18005:
18003:
18002:
17992:
17980:
17977:
17976:
17974:
17973:
17968:
17963:
17953:
17948:
17943:
17938:
17933:
17928:
17923:
17918:
17913:
17908:
17903:
17898:
17893:
17888:
17883:
17877:
17875:
17871:
17870:
17868:
17867:
17861:
17859:
17855:
17854:
17852:
17851:
17850:
17849:
17839:
17834:
17829:
17824:
17819:
17814:
17809:
17804:
17799:
17794:
17793:
17792:
17782:
17777:
17776:
17775:
17765:
17760:
17759:
17758:
17748:
17743:
17738:
17737:
17736:
17725:
17723:
17719:
17718:
17716:
17715:
17710:
17705:
17700:
17695:
17694:
17693:
17682:
17680:
17677:Environment /
17674:
17673:
17671:
17670:
17665:
17660:
17655:
17650:
17645:
17640:
17634:
17632:
17631:infrastructure
17626:
17625:
17623:
17622:
17617:
17612:
17611:
17610:
17600:
17595:
17590:
17584:
17582:
17574:
17573:
17571:
17570:
17565:
17563:Undersecretary
17560:
17555:
17550:
17544:
17542:
17538:
17537:
17535:
17534:
17529:
17524:
17519:
17514:
17509:
17504:
17502:First minister
17499:
17494:
17492:Prime minister
17489:
17487:Vice president
17484:
17478:
17476:
17472:
17471:
17459:
17458:
17451:
17444:
17436:
17427:
17426:
17423:
17422:
17420:
17419:
17414:
17409:
17403:
17397:
17393:
17392:
17390:
17389:
17378:
17367:
17356:
17345:
17334:
17323:
17312:
17301:
17290:
17279:
17274:
17269:
17264:
17258:
17256:
17252:
17251:
17249:
17248:
17243:
17241:European Union
17238:
17236:United Nations
17233:
17228:
17223:
17218:
17213:
17208:
17200:
17198:
17194:
17193:
17190:
17189:
17187:
17186:
17181:
17176:
17171:
17166:
17161:
17156:
17151:
17145:
17139:
17135:
17134:
17131:
17130:
17128:
17127:
17122:
17120:Urban planning
17117:
17112:
17106:
17100:
17096:
17095:
17092:
17091:
17089:
17088:
17083:
17078:
17073:
17068:
17063:
17058:
17053:
17048:
17039:
17033:
17029:
17028:
17025:
17024:
17022:
17021:
17016:
17008:
17003:
16998:
16993:
16988:
16983:
16978:
16973:
16967:
16961:
16955:
16954:
16951:
16950:
16948:
16947:
16942:
16937:
16932:
16927:
16922:
16917:
16912:
16907:
16902:
16897:
16892:
16890:Prime minister
16887:
16882:
16877:
16872:
16867:
16862:
16857:
16852:
16847:
16841:
16835:
16831:
16830:
16828:
16827:
16822:
16817:
16815:Traffic lights
16812:
16807:
16802:
16797:
16792:
16787:
16782:
16777:
16772:
16767:
16762:
16757:
16751:
16749:
16745:
16744:
16742:
16741:
16736:
16734:Theoreticians:
16731:
16726:
16721:
16719:Fundamentalism
16716:
16711:
16706:
16701:
16696:
16691:
16686:
16684:Egalitarianism
16681:
16676:
16671:
16666:
16661:
16656:
16651:
16646:
16641:
16636:
16631:
16626:
16620:
16618:
16614:
16613:
16611:
16610:
16609:
16608:
16603:
16598:
16593:
16588:
16583:
16578:
16573:
16563:
16558:
16549:
16548:
16543:
16538:
16533:
16528:
16523:
16518:
16513:
16508:
16503:
16498:
16493:
16488:
16483:
16478:
16473:
16468:
16463:
16458:
16453:
16448:
16443:
16438:
16433:
16428:
16423:
16418:
16413:
16407:
16405:
16401:
16400:
16398:
16397:
16392:
16387:
16382:
16377:
16372:
16367:
16362:
16357:
16352:
16347:
16342:
16337:
16331:
16329:
16325:
16324:
16313:
16312:
16305:
16298:
16290:
16284:
16281:
16280:
16271:
16268:
16267:
16258:
16257:
16251:
16236:
16235:
16229:
16228:
16217:
16216:
16214:
16213:External links
16211:
16210:
16209:
16203:
16191:Fuller, Roslyn
16187:
16177:
16167:
16162:978-1250179845
16161:
16145:
16135:
16130:978-1350269989
16129:
16112:
16100:
16097:
16095:
16094:
16088:
16075:
16069:
16056:
16032:(2): 105â163.
16017:
16011:
15996:
15968:
15953:
15947:
15931:
15929:
15926:
15924:
15923:
15906:
15852:
15779:
15764:
15720:
15705:
15690:
15675:
15660:
15642:
15627:
15611:
15596:
15575:(1): 234â271.
15552:
15493:
15478:
15459:(6): 699â710.
15439:
15421:
15414:
15396:
15381:
15362:
15344:
15329:
15314:
15299:
15279:
15257:
15242:
15231:(4): 400â408.
15215:
15200:
15183:
15177:978-0521458917
15176:
15150:
15144:978-0300015652
15143:
15125:
15099:
15053:
15038:
15009:
15002:
14981:
14930:
14899:
14862:
14855:
14837:
14793:
14736:
14683:
14664:(1): 142â160.
14648:
14637:(2): 723â737.
14619:
14584:
14565:(5): 908â928.
14549:
14526:
14507:(1): 161â178.
14488:
14474:
14450:
14443:
14417:
14404:
14397:
14371:
14343:(1): 382â410.
14320:
14306:
14299:
14278:
14266:
14245:(1): 179â198.
14222:
14187:
14155:
14095:
14057:
14043:
14023:
14009:
13986:
13970:
13947:
13928:(9): 1847â75.
13912:
13905:
13879:
13866:
13822:
13787:
13772:
13746:
13739:
13713:
13698:
13672:
13657:
13639:
13610:(2): 311â334.
13590:
13559:
13533:
13511:
13472:
13453:(4): 391â402.
13437:
13403:
13382:(1): 357â383.
13362:
13356:
13334:
13321:(4): 361â383.
13299:
13277:
13254:10.1086/700936
13225:
13194:
13168:
13123:
13116:
13095:
13079:
13040:
13008:
12985:
12973:on 10 May 2013
12958:
12926:
12915:
12902:
12880:heinonline.org
12868:
12857:(4): 844â870.
12837:
12826:(7): 823â850.
12806:
12779:(2): 207â225.
12773:World Politics
12759:
12744:
12732:
12720:
12711:
12702:Graham, Robert
12689:
12682:
12662:
12655:
12635:
12628:
12608:
12582:
12554:
12545:
12532:
12518:Avalon Project
12504:
12482:
12457:
12441:
12432:
12419:
12410:
12401:
12386:
12349:
12342:
12324:
12317:
12299:
12292:
12284:Bath, Somerset
12267:
12241:
12216:
12190:
12164:
12151:
12121:
12107:
12092:
12077:
12064:
12034:
12021:
12014:
11992:
11979:
11955:
11931:
11908:
11884:
11873:(6): 699â710.
11853:
11844:
11835:
11796:
11779:
11768:
11743:
11717:
11706:. 17 June 2022
11691:
11677:
11657:
11643:
11623:
11597:
11535:
11509:
11502:
11482:
11455:(2): 198â212.
11435:
11418:
11405:
11396:
11376:
11355:
11332:
11308:
11284:
11245:
11231:
11202:
11184:
11162:
11135:(3): 808â827.
11115:
11093:
11065:
11039:
11018:
11003:
10983:
10972:on 5 June 2019
10947:
10924:
10899:
10872:(2): 321â339.
10856:
10829:
10809:
10776:
10764:
10742:
10713:
10664:
10649:
10624:
10598:
10576:
10554:
10528:
10498:
10476:
10469:
10447:
10425:
10403:
10377:
10351:
10325:
10299:
10290:Nohlen, Dieter
10281:
10267:
10251:
10231:
10209:
10197:
10185:
10160:
10129:
10103:
10079:
10072:
10052:
10019:
10006:
9999:
9977:
9939:
9913:
9891:
9877:
9857:
9846:on 6 July 2016
9827:
9801:(2): 225â229.
9778:
9729:
9722:
9698:
9681:
9674:
9656:
9643:
9617:
9595:
9580:
9573:
9550:
9529:
9513:
9489:
9465:
9434:
9417:
9410:
9383:
9356:(4): 803â832.
9340:
9310:
9277:
9251:
9229:
9207:
9155:
9148:
9130:
9101:(1): 145â162.
9081:
9060:(3): 724â755.
9040:
9029:(4): 660â670.
9013:
8986:(4): 793â837.
8970:
8948:
8902:
8895:
8875:
8853:
8823:
8818:j.ctv513b8x.12
8808:
8778:
8771:
8751:
8744:
8724:
8698:
8655:
8643:
8636:
8616:
8609:
8589:
8582:
8558:
8546:
8524:
8504:
8492:
8490:, p. 107.
8480:
8468:
8448:
8441:
8421:
8391:
8372:(2): 105â121.
8356:
8339:
8330:
8317:
8304:
8285:
8273:
8253:
8219:
8204:
8184:
8153:
8147:
8117:
8110:
8101:Bounding Power
8085:
8073:
8071:, p. 184.
8061:
8047:
8040:
8020:
8007:
7989:
7982:
7964:
7957:
7936:
7915:10.1086/291036
7893:
7886:
7866:
7833:
7820:"Independence"
7797:
7790:
7767:
7760:
7740:
7701:
7678:
7671:
7653:
7643:
7625:
7600:
7553:
7534:
7502:
7492:
7480:
7443:(4): 957â986.
7423:
7402:
7395:
7374:
7372:: "democracy".
7360:
7343:
7321:
7298:(1): 142â155.
7278:
7271:
7251:
7209:
7183:
7176:
7150:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7116:
7115:
7105:
7104:
7101:
7100:
7092:Brazil in 1985
7064:
7028:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7019:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6987:
6986:
6971:
6969:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6927:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6917:misinformation
6835:public service
6790:accountability
6750:tabloidization
6738:
6737:
6734:
6731:
6728:
6725:
6722:
6719:
6717:agenda setting
6713:
6684:
6681:
6601:
6600:
6598:
6597:
6590:
6583:
6575:
6572:
6571:
6558:
6557:
6554:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6522:
6519:
6518:
6515:
6514:
6511:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6498:War referendum
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6388:Libertarianism
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6289:
6287:Related topics
6286:
6285:
6282:
6281:
6278:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6221:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6190:
6188:Representative
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6015:
6010:
6009:
6006:
6005:
6003:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5986:
5983:
5982:
5976:
5975:
5964:
5963:
5925:
5923:
5916:
5911:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5871:Weimar Germany
5840:
5839:
5828:
5827:
5826:
5811:election fraud
5807:
5795:
5737:state collapse
5732:
5729:
5704:public contest
5689:
5688:
5680:
5677:
5626:
5625:
5622:
5563:
5562:
5557:Main article:
5554:
5551:
5512:Main article:
5509:
5506:
5490:youth suffrage
5454:conditionality
5433:Pearson Centre
5417:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5376:Daron Acemoglu
5362:Main article:
5359:
5356:
5339:
5336:
5308:
5305:
5300:
5297:
5273:Main article:
5270:
5267:
5245:Amitai Etzioni
5212:
5209:
5157:Main article:
5154:
5151:
5134:Main article:
5131:
5128:
5112:George Monbiot
5101:United Nations
5077:Main article:
5074:
5071:
5066:state religion
5060:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5031:nested council
5019:Main article:
5016:
5013:
4975:Main article:
4972:
4969:
4964:semi-democracy
4949:âtypically an
4936:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4895:Main article:
4892:
4889:
4884:Treaty of Rome
4864:Main article:
4861:
4860:Consociational
4858:
4850:jury selection
4830:Main article:
4827:
4824:
4790:
4787:
4751:
4748:
4669:
4666:
4647:Main article:
4644:
4641:
4628:Rhodes College
4606:The Federalist
4586:prime minister
4556:Main article:
4553:
4550:
4542:House of Lords
4451:United Kingdom
4431:Main article:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4396:Main article:
4393:
4390:
4373:Main article:
4370:
4367:
4332:Main article:
4329:
4328:Representative
4326:
4317:
4314:
4238:
4235:
4191:
4190:
4179:
4127:Main article:
4124:
4121:
4108:
4105:
4098:
4097:
4090:
4083:
4075:
4048:
4038:
4034:Military junta
4028:
4018:
4008:
3998:
3994:Supreme Leader
3984:
3973:
3963:
3959:Hybrid systems
3950:
3933:
3923:
3913:
3880:Main article:
3877:
3874:
3861:accountability
3853:
3852:
3847:Main article:
3844:
3841:
3835:
3834:
3827:
3821:
3815:
3813:
3807:
3801:
3795:
3789:
3787:
3781:
3775:
3769:
3763:
3758:
3714:hybrid regimes
3696:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3681:
3675:
3669:
3663:
3656:
3650:
3644:
3641:Hybrid regimes
3637:
3631:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3608:
3600:
3585:Main article:
3582:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3561:
3558:
3527:
3524:
3520:Ronald Dworkin
3505:Robert A. Dahl
3477:Richard Posner
3443:The theory of
3440:
3437:
3416:
3413:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3308:reported that
3257:United Nations
3186:Corazon Aquino
3172:Corazon Aquino
3160:European Union
3154:of the former
3152:liberalisation
3114:
3094:British Empire
3086:decolonisation
3071:Eastern Europe
3063:occupied Japan
2943:decolonisation
2922:
2919:
2828:15th Amendment
2824:14th Amendment
2820:13th Amendment
2816:Reconstruction
2754:Bill of Rights
2688:Age of Liberty
2667:, the English
2624:
2621:
2569:and later the
2508:Barry Weingast
2504:Douglass North
2495:Bill of Rights
2475:Putney Debates
2443:natural rights
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2286:Cortes of LeĂłn
2282:papal conclave
2270:Eastern Europe
2262:Faeroe Islands
2228:were ruled by
2217:
2214:
2209:Main article:
2206:
2203:
2193:
2190:
2174:Vajjika League
2166:
2163:
2142:Roman Republic
2082:The Suppliants
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2013:Daniel Deudney
1974:Main article:
1971:
1968:
1828:United Kingdom
1813:Legal equality
1794:United Nations
1765:
1762:
1735:Roman Republic
1678:consensus rule
1670:plurality rule
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1460:Hybrid regimes
1457:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1440:
1435:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1391:Regional power
1388:
1380:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1341:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1296:Puppet monarch
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1265:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1236:
1235:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1131:
1129:State religion
1123:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
1000:Constitutional
997:
992:
984:
983:
978:
977:
972:
966:
961:
959:Power ideology
958:
957:
954:
953:
948:
947:
945:
944:
939:
934:
926:
925:
923:(rule by none)
916:
915:
913:
912:
907:
906:
905:
895:
887:
886:
873:
872:
870:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
806:
805:
796:
795:
793:
792:
787:
782:
777:
775:Representative
772:
767:
762:
757:
749:
748:
733:
730:
729:
726:
725:
714:
713:
706:
705:
694:
693:
691:
690:
683:
676:
668:
665:
664:
651:
650:
647:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
615:
612:
611:
608:
607:
604:
603:
598:
593:
591:War referendum
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
481:Libertarianism
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
382:
380:Related topics
379:
378:
375:
374:
371:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
314:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
283:
281:Representative
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
108:
103:
102:
99:
98:
96:
95:
90:
85:
79:
76:
75:
69:
68:
43:Nelson Mandela
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
22947:
22936:
22933:
22931:
22928:
22926:
22923:
22921:
22918:
22917:
22915:
22894:
22891:
22889:
22886:
22884:
22881:
22879:
22876:
22874:
22871:
22869:
22866:
22864:
22861:
22859:
22856:
22854:
22851:
22849:
22846:
22844:
22841:
22839:
22838:PROSUR/PROSUL
22836:
22834:
22831:
22829:
22826:
22824:
22821:
22819:
22816:
22814:
22811:
22809:
22806:
22804:
22801:
22799:
22796:
22794:
22791:
22789:
22786:
22784:
22781:
22779:
22776:
22774:
22771:
22769:
22766:
22764:
22761:
22759:
22756:
22754:
22751:
22749:
22746:
22744:
22741:
22739:
22736:
22734:
22733:Craiova Group
22731:
22729:
22726:
22724:
22721:
22719:
22716:
22714:
22711:
22709:
22706:
22704:
22701:
22699:
22696:
22694:
22691:
22689:
22686:
22684:
22681:
22679:
22676:
22674:
22671:
22669:
22666:
22664:
22661:
22659:
22656:
22654:
22651:
22649:
22648:ABCANZ Armies
22646:
22645:
22643:
22637:
22631:
22628:
22626:
22623:
22619:
22616:
22614:
22611:
22609:
22606:
22604:
22601:
22599:
22596:
22594:
22591:
22590:
22589:
22586:
22584:
22581:
22577:
22574:
22573:
22572:
22569:
22567:
22564:
22563:
22561:
22559:
22555:
22549:
22546:
22544:
22541:
22537:
22534:
22532:
22529:
22527:
22524:
22522:
22519:
22515:
22512:
22510:
22507:
22505:
22502:
22500:
22497:
22496:
22495:
22492:
22490:
22487:
22485:
22482:
22480:
22477:
22476:
22475:
22472:
22466:
22463:
22462:
22461:
22458:
22454:
22453:Protestantism
22451:
22447:
22444:
22443:
22442:
22439:
22435:
22432:
22431:
22430:
22427:
22423:
22419:
22416:
22415:
22414:
22411:
22410:
22409:
22406:
22405:
22404:
22401:
22400:
22398:
22396:
22392:
22384:
22381:
22380:
22379:
22376:
22374:
22373:Sovereigntism
22371:
22369:
22366:
22362:
22361:
22357:
22356:
22355:
22352:
22348:
22345:
22344:
22343:
22340:
22338:
22335:
22333:
22330:
22328:
22325:
22323:
22320:
22318:
22315:
22313:
22310:
22306:
22303:
22301:
22298:
22297:
22296:
22293:
22289:
22286:
22285:
22284:
22281:
22279:
22276:
22274:
22271:
22269:
22268:Scholasticism
22266:
22264:
22261:
22259:
22256:
22254:
22251:
22249:
22246:
22244:
22241:
22239:
22236:
22235:
22233:
22231:
22227:
22219:
22216:
22214:
22211:
22209:
22206:
22204:
22201:
22200:
22199:
22196:
22192:
22189:
22188:
22187:
22184:
22180:
22177:
22175:
22172:
22171:
22170:
22167:
22163:
22160:
22159:
22158:
22155:
22153:
22150:
22146:
22143:
22141:
22138:
22136:
22133:
22132:
22131:
22128:
22124:
22121:
22120:
22119:
22116:
22112:
22109:
22108:
22107:
22104:
22100:
22097:
22095:
22092:
22091:
22090:
22087:
22085:
22082:
22080:
22077:
22075:
22072:
22068:
22065:
22064:
22063:
22060:
22058:
22055:
22051:
22048:
22047:
22046:
22043:
22039:
22036:
22035:
22034:
22031:
22027:
22024:
22023:
22022:
22019:
22017:
22014:
22010:
22007:
22006:
22005:
22002:
22000:
21997:
21993:
21990:
21988:
21985:
21983:
21980:
21979:
21978:
21975:
21974:
21972:
21970:
21966:
21958:
21957:War on terror
21955:
21953:
21950:
21949:
21948:
21945:
21941:
21938:
21936:
21933:
21931:
21928:
21926:
21923:
21921:
21918:
21916:
21913:
21911:
21908:
21906:
21903:
21901:
21898:
21896:
21893:
21891:
21888:
21886:
21883:
21881:
21878:
21876:
21873:
21871:
21868:
21866:
21863:
21861:
21858:
21856:
21853:
21852:
21851:
21850:Modern period
21848:
21846:
21843:
21839:
21836:
21834:
21831:
21829:
21826:
21825:
21824:
21821:
21817:
21814:
21813:
21812:
21809:
21807:
21804:
21803:
21801:
21799:
21795:
21789:
21786:
21784:
21781:
21779:
21776:
21774:
21771:
21765:
21762:
21760:
21757:
21756:
21755:
21752:
21750:
21747:
21745:
21742:
21740:
21737:
21736:
21735:
21732:
21730:
21727:
21725:
21722:
21721:
21719:
21715:
21711:
21707:
21706:Western world
21700:
21695:
21693:
21688:
21686:
21681:
21680:
21677:
21665:
21662:
21661:
21658:
21652:
21651:
21647:
21645:
21642:
21640:
21637:
21635:
21632:
21630:
21627:
21625:
21622:
21620:
21617:
21615:
21612:
21608:
21605:
21603:
21600:
21598:
21595:
21594:
21593:
21590:
21588:
21585:
21583:
21580:
21578:
21575:
21573:
21570:
21568:
21567:Jurisprudence
21565:
21563:
21560:
21558:
21555:
21553:
21550:
21548:
21545:
21543:
21540:
21538:
21535:
21533:
21530:
21528:
21525:
21523:
21520:
21518:
21515:
21514:
21512:
21508:
21499:
21498:
21494:
21489:
21488:
21484:
21479:
21478:
21474:
21469:
21468:
21464:
21459:
21458:
21454:
21449:
21448:
21444:
21439:
21438:
21434:
21429:
21428:
21424:
21419:
21418:
21414:
21409:
21408:
21404:
21399:
21398:
21397:Rights of Man
21394:
21389:
21388:
21384:
21379:
21378:
21374:
21369:
21368:
21364:
21359:
21358:
21354:
21349:
21348:
21344:
21339:
21338:
21334:
21329:
21328:
21324:
21319:
21318:
21314:
21309:
21308:
21307:De re publica
21304:
21299:
21298:
21294:
21289:
21288:
21284:
21283:
21281:
21277:
21267:
21264:
21262:
21259:
21257:
21254:
21252:
21249:
21247:
21244:
21242:
21239:
21237:
21234:
21232:
21229:
21227:
21224:
21222:
21219:
21217:
21214:
21212:
21209:
21207:
21204:
21202:
21199:
21197:
21194:
21192:
21189:
21187:
21184:
21182:
21179:
21177:
21174:
21172:
21169:
21167:
21164:
21162:
21159:
21157:
21154:
21152:
21149:
21147:
21144:
21142:
21139:
21137:
21134:
21132:
21129:
21127:
21124:
21122:
21119:
21117:
21114:
21112:
21109:
21107:
21104:
21102:
21099:
21097:
21094:
21092:
21089:
21087:
21084:
21082:
21079:
21077:
21074:
21072:
21069:
21067:
21064:
21062:
21059:
21057:
21054:
21052:
21049:
21047:
21044:
21042:
21039:
21037:
21034:
21032:
21029:
21027:
21024:
21022:
21019:
21017:
21014:
21012:
21009:
21007:
21004:
21002:
20999:
20997:
20994:
20992:
20989:
20987:
20984:
20982:
20979:
20977:
20974:
20972:
20969:
20967:
20964:
20962:
20959:
20957:
20954:
20952:
20949:
20947:
20944:
20942:
20939:
20937:
20934:
20933:
20931:
20927:20th and 21st
20925:
20919:
20916:
20914:
20911:
20909:
20906:
20904:
20901:
20899:
20896:
20894:
20891:
20889:
20886:
20884:
20881:
20879:
20876:
20874:
20871:
20869:
20866:
20864:
20861:
20859:
20856:
20854:
20851:
20849:
20846:
20844:
20841:
20839:
20836:
20834:
20831:
20829:
20826:
20824:
20821:
20819:
20816:
20814:
20811:
20809:
20806:
20804:
20801:
20797:
20794:
20793:
20792:
20789:
20787:
20784:
20780:
20777:
20776:
20775:
20772:
20770:
20767:
20765:
20762:
20760:
20757:
20755:
20752:
20750:
20747:
20745:
20742:
20740:
20737:
20735:
20732:
20730:
20727:
20725:
20722:
20720:
20717:
20715:
20712:
20710:
20707:
20705:
20702:
20700:
20697:
20695:
20692:
20690:
20687:
20685:
20682:
20680:
20677:
20675:
20672:
20670:
20667:
20666:
20664:
20660:18th and 19th
20658:
20652:
20649:
20647:
20644:
20642:
20639:
20637:
20634:
20632:
20629:
20627:
20624:
20622:
20619:
20617:
20614:
20612:
20609:
20607:
20604:
20602:
20599:
20595:
20592:
20591:
20590:
20587:
20585:
20582:
20580:
20577:
20575:
20572:
20570:
20567:
20565:
20562:
20560:
20557:
20555:
20552:
20550:
20547:
20546:
20544:
20538:
20532:
20529:
20527:
20524:
20522:
20519:
20517:
20516:Nizam al-Mulk
20514:
20512:
20509:
20507:
20504:
20502:
20499:
20497:
20494:
20492:
20489:
20487:
20484:
20482:
20479:
20477:
20474:
20472:
20469:
20467:
20464:
20463:
20461:
20457:
20451:
20448:
20446:
20443:
20441:
20438:
20436:
20433:
20431:
20428:
20424:
20421:
20420:
20419:
20416:
20414:
20411:
20409:
20406:
20404:
20401:
20399:
20396:
20394:
20391:
20389:
20386:
20384:
20381:
20379:
20376:
20375:
20373:
20369:
20366:
20364:
20360:
20354:
20351:
20349:
20346:
20344:
20341:
20339:
20336:
20334:
20331:
20329:
20326:
20324:
20321:
20319:
20316:
20314:
20311:
20308:
20307:
20302:
20300:
20297:
20295:
20292:
20290:
20287:
20285:
20282:
20280:
20277:
20275:
20272:
20270:
20267:
20265:
20262:
20260:
20257:
20255:
20252:
20250:
20247:
20244:
20243:
20238:
20236:
20233:
20232:
20230:
20226:
20220:
20217:
20215:
20212:
20210:
20207:
20205:
20202:
20200:
20199:Republicanism
20197:
20195:
20192:
20190:
20187:
20185:
20182:
20180:
20177:
20175:
20172:
20170:
20167:
20165:
20162:
20160:
20157:
20155:
20152:
20150:
20147:
20145:
20142:
20140:
20137:
20135:
20132:
20130:
20127:
20125:
20122:
20120:
20117:
20115:
20112:
20110:
20107:
20105:
20102:
20100:
20097:
20095:
20092:
20090:
20087:
20085:
20082:
20080:
20077:
20075:
20072:
20070:
20067:
20066:
20064:
20060:
20054:
20051:
20049:
20046:
20044:
20041:
20039:
20036:
20034:
20031:
20029:
20026:
20024:
20021:
20019:
20016:
20014:
20011:
20009:
20006:
20004:
20001:
19999:
19996:
19995:
19993:
19989:
19983:
19980:
19978:
19975:
19973:
19970:
19968:
19965:
19963:
19960:
19958:
19955:
19953:
19950:
19948:
19945:
19943:
19940:
19938:
19935:
19933:
19930:
19928:
19925:
19923:
19920:
19918:
19915:
19913:
19910:
19908:
19905:
19903:
19900:
19898:
19895:
19893:
19890:
19888:
19885:
19883:
19880:
19878:
19875:
19873:
19870:
19868:
19865:
19863:
19860:
19858:
19855:
19853:
19850:
19848:
19845:
19843:
19840:
19838:
19835:
19833:
19830:
19828:
19825:
19824:
19822:
19818:
19814:
19807:
19802:
19800:
19795:
19793:
19788:
19787:
19784:
19771:
19763:
19762:
19760:
19758:
19750:
19736:
19733:
19731:
19728:
19726:
19723:
19721:
19718:
19716:
19713:
19712:
19710:
19708:
19707:United States
19704:
19698:
19695:
19693:
19690:
19688:
19685:
19683:
19680:
19678:
19675:
19673:
19670:
19668:
19665:
19663:
19660:
19658:
19655:
19653:
19650:
19648:
19645:
19643:
19640:
19638:
19635:
19633:
19630:
19628:
19625:
19623:
19620:
19618:
19615:
19614:
19612:
19610:
19606:
19600:
19597:
19595:
19592:
19590:
19587:
19585:
19582:
19580:
19577:
19575:
19572:
19571:
19569:
19567:
19563:
19557:
19554:
19552:
19549:
19548:
19546:
19542:
19536:
19533:
19531:
19528:
19526:
19523:
19521:
19518:
19516:
19513:
19511:
19508:
19506:
19503:
19501:
19498:
19497:
19495:
19493:
19489:
19483:
19480:
19478:
19475:
19473:
19470:
19468:
19467:Budai-Deleanu
19465:
19464:
19462:
19458:
19452:
19449:
19448:
19446:
19442:
19436:
19433:
19431:
19428:
19426:
19423:
19421:
19418:
19416:
19413:
19411:
19408:
19406:
19403:
19401:
19398:
19397:
19395:
19393:
19389:
19383:
19380:
19378:
19375:
19373:
19370:
19368:
19365:
19363:
19360:
19358:
19355:
19353:
19350:
19348:
19345:
19343:
19340:
19338:
19335:
19333:
19330:
19329:
19327:
19323:
19317:
19314:
19312:
19309:
19307:
19304:
19302:
19299:
19297:
19294:
19292:
19289:
19287:
19284:
19283:
19281:
19279:
19275:
19269:
19266:
19264:
19261:
19259:
19256:
19254:
19251:
19249:
19246:
19245:
19243:
19239:
19233:
19230:
19228:
19225:
19223:
19220:
19218:
19215:
19214:
19212:
19210:
19206:
19200:
19197:
19195:
19192:
19190:
19187:
19185:
19182:
19180:
19177:
19175:
19172:
19170:
19167:
19165:
19162:
19160:
19157:
19155:
19152:
19150:
19147:
19145:
19142:
19140:
19137:
19135:
19132:
19131:
19129:
19125:
19119:
19116:
19114:
19111:
19109:
19106:
19104:
19101:
19099:
19096:
19094:
19091:
19090:
19088:
19084:
19078:
19075:
19073:
19070:
19068:
19065:
19063:
19060:
19058:
19055:
19053:
19050:
19048:
19045:
19043:
19040:
19038:
19035:
19033:
19030:
19028:
19025:
19023:
19020:
19018:
19015:
19013:
19010:
19008:
19005:
19003:
19000:
18998:
18995:
18993:
18990:
18988:
18985:
18983:
18980:
18978:
18975:
18973:
18970:
18968:
18965:
18963:
18960:
18958:
18955:
18953:
18950:
18948:
18945:
18943:
18940:
18938:
18935:
18934:
18932:
18928:
18922:
18919:
18917:
18914:
18912:
18909:
18907:
18904:
18902:
18899:
18897:
18894:
18892:
18889:
18887:
18884:
18882:
18879:
18877:
18874:
18872:
18869:
18867:
18864:
18862:
18859:
18857:
18854:
18852:
18849:
18847:
18844:
18842:
18839:
18837:
18834:
18832:
18831:Ashley-Cooper
18829:
18827:
18824:
18823:
18821:
18817:
18813:
18806:
18802:
18788:
18785:
18783:
18780:
18778:
18775:
18773:
18770:
18768:
18765:
18762:
18761:
18756:
18754:
18751:
18749:
18746:
18744:
18741:
18739:
18736:
18734:
18733:Progressivism
18731:
18729:
18726:
18724:
18721:
18719:
18716:
18714:
18711:
18709:
18706:
18704:
18703:
18699:
18696:
18695:
18690:
18688:
18685:
18683:
18682:Individualism
18680:
18678:
18675:
18673:
18670:
18667:
18666:
18661:
18659:
18656:
18653:
18652:
18647:
18645:
18642:
18640:
18637:
18635:
18632:
18630:
18627:
18625:
18622:
18620:
18617:
18615:
18612:
18610:
18607:
18605:
18602:
18601:
18598:
18594:
18587:
18583:
18579:
18572:
18567:
18565:
18560:
18558:
18553:
18552:
18549:
18531:
18530:
18521:
18519:
18518:
18509:
18508:
18505:
18499:
18496:
18494:
18491:
18489:
18486:
18484:
18483:Public sector
18481:
18479:
18476:
18474:
18471:
18469:
18466:
18464:
18461:
18459:
18456:
18455:
18453:
18449:
18443:
18440:
18436:
18433:
18431:
18428:
18427:
18426:
18423:
18419:
18416:
18415:
18414:
18411:
18409:
18408:Job guarantee
18406:
18404:
18401:
18399:
18396:
18394:
18391:
18390:
18388:
18386:
18382:
18376:
18373:
18371:
18368:
18366:
18363:
18361:
18360:Public toilet
18358:
18356:
18353:
18351:
18350:Public school
18348:
18346:
18343:
18341:
18338:
18336:
18333:
18331:
18328:
18326:
18323:
18321:
18318:
18316:
18313:
18311:
18308:
18306:
18303:
18301:
18298:
18296:
18293:
18291:
18288:
18287:
18285:
18283:
18279:
18273:
18270:
18268:
18265:
18263:
18260:
18256:
18253:
18252:
18251:
18248:
18246:
18245:Oil & gas
18243:
18241:
18238:
18237:
18235:
18233:
18229:
18223:
18220:
18218:
18215:
18213:
18210:
18206:
18203:
18202:
18201:
18198:
18196:
18193:
18191:
18188:
18186:
18185:Civil service
18183:
18182:
18180:
18176:
18170:
18167:
18165:
18162:
18160:
18157:
18155:
18152:
18150:
18147:
18145:
18144:Public rights
18142:
18140:
18139:Public policy
18137:
18135:
18132:
18130:
18127:
18125:
18122:
18120:
18119:Public health
18117:
18115:
18112:
18110:
18109:Public domain
18107:
18105:
18102:
18100:
18097:
18095:
18092:
18090:
18087:
18085:
18082:
18080:
18077:
18076:
18074:
18070:
18064:
18061:
18059:
18056:
18054:
18051:
18050:
18047:
18043:
18036:
18031:
18029:
18024:
18022:
18017:
18016:
18013:
18001:
17993:
17991:
17982:
17981:
17978:
17972:
17969:
17967:
17964:
17961:
17960:mental health
17957:
17954:
17952:
17949:
17947:
17944:
17942:
17939:
17937:
17934:
17932:
17929:
17927:
17924:
17922:
17919:
17917:
17914:
17912:
17909:
17907:
17904:
17902:
17899:
17897:
17894:
17892:
17889:
17887:
17884:
17882:
17879:
17878:
17876:
17872:
17866:
17863:
17862:
17860:
17856:
17848:
17845:
17844:
17843:
17840:
17838:
17835:
17833:
17830:
17828:
17825:
17823:
17820:
17818:
17815:
17813:
17810:
17808:
17805:
17803:
17800:
17798:
17795:
17791:
17788:
17787:
17786:
17783:
17781:
17778:
17774:
17771:
17770:
17769:
17766:
17764:
17761:
17757:
17754:
17753:
17752:
17749:
17747:
17744:
17742:
17739:
17735:
17732:
17731:
17730:
17727:
17726:
17724:
17720:
17714:
17711:
17709:
17706:
17704:
17701:
17699:
17696:
17692:
17689:
17688:
17687:
17684:
17683:
17681:
17675:
17669:
17666:
17664:
17661:
17659:
17656:
17654:
17651:
17649:
17646:
17644:
17641:
17639:
17636:
17635:
17633:
17627:
17621:
17618:
17616:
17613:
17609:
17606:
17605:
17604:
17601:
17599:
17596:
17594:
17591:
17589:
17586:
17585:
17583:
17581:public safety
17575:
17569:
17566:
17564:
17561:
17559:
17556:
17554:
17551:
17549:
17546:
17545:
17543:
17539:
17533:
17530:
17528:
17525:
17523:
17520:
17518:
17515:
17513:
17510:
17508:
17505:
17503:
17500:
17498:
17495:
17493:
17490:
17488:
17485:
17483:
17480:
17479:
17477:
17473:
17469:
17465:
17457:
17452:
17450:
17445:
17443:
17438:
17437:
17434:
17418:
17415:
17413:
17410:
17408:
17405:
17404:
17401:
17398:
17394:
17385:
17379:
17374:
17368:
17363:
17357:
17352:
17346:
17341:
17335:
17330:
17324:
17319:
17313:
17308:
17302:
17297:
17291:
17286:
17280:
17278:
17275:
17273:
17270:
17268:
17265:
17263:
17262:Human history
17260:
17259:
17257:
17253:
17247:
17244:
17242:
17239:
17237:
17234:
17232:
17229:
17227:
17224:
17222:
17219:
17217:
17214:
17212:
17209:
17207:
17206:
17202:
17201:
17199:
17197:International
17195:
17185:
17182:
17180:
17177:
17175:
17172:
17170:
17167:
17165:
17162:
17160:
17157:
17155:
17152:
17150:
17147:
17146:
17143:
17140:
17136:
17126:
17123:
17121:
17118:
17116:
17113:
17111:
17108:
17107:
17104:
17101:
17097:
17087:
17084:
17082:
17079:
17077:
17074:
17072:
17069:
17067:
17064:
17062:
17059:
17057:
17054:
17052:
17049:
17047:
17045:
17041:
17040:
17037:
17034:
17030:
17020:
17017:
17015:
17013:
17009:
17007:
17004:
17002:
16999:
16997:
16994:
16992:
16989:
16987:
16984:
16982:
16979:
16977:
16974:
16972:
16969:
16968:
16965:
16962:
16956:
16946:
16943:
16941:
16938:
16936:
16933:
16931:
16928:
16926:
16923:
16921:
16918:
16916:
16913:
16911:
16908:
16906:
16903:
16901:
16898:
16896:
16893:
16891:
16888:
16886:
16883:
16881:
16878:
16876:
16873:
16871:
16870:Head of state
16868:
16866:
16863:
16861:
16858:
16856:
16853:
16851:
16848:
16846:
16843:
16842:
16839:
16836:
16832:
16826:
16823:
16821:
16818:
16816:
16813:
16811:
16808:
16806:
16803:
16801:
16798:
16796:
16793:
16791:
16788:
16786:
16783:
16781:
16778:
16776:
16773:
16771:
16768:
16766:
16763:
16761:
16758:
16756:
16753:
16752:
16750:
16746:
16740:
16737:
16735:
16732:
16730:
16729:Progressivism
16727:
16725:
16722:
16720:
16717:
16715:
16712:
16710:
16707:
16705:
16702:
16700:
16697:
16695:
16692:
16690:
16687:
16685:
16682:
16680:
16677:
16675:
16672:
16670:
16667:
16665:
16662:
16660:
16657:
16655:
16652:
16650:
16647:
16645:
16642:
16640:
16637:
16635:
16632:
16630:
16627:
16625:
16622:
16621:
16619:
16615:
16607:
16604:
16602:
16599:
16597:
16594:
16592:
16589:
16587:
16584:
16582:
16579:
16577:
16576:Collaborative
16574:
16572:
16569:
16568:
16567:
16564:
16562:
16559:
16557:
16555:
16551:
16550:
16547:
16544:
16542:
16539:
16537:
16534:
16532:
16529:
16527:
16524:
16522:
16521:Republicanism
16519:
16517:
16514:
16512:
16509:
16507:
16504:
16502:
16499:
16497:
16494:
16492:
16489:
16487:
16484:
16482:
16479:
16477:
16474:
16472:
16469:
16467:
16464:
16462:
16459:
16457:
16454:
16452:
16451:Confederation
16449:
16447:
16444:
16442:
16439:
16437:
16434:
16432:
16429:
16427:
16424:
16422:
16419:
16417:
16414:
16412:
16409:
16408:
16406:
16402:
16396:
16393:
16391:
16388:
16386:
16383:
16381:
16378:
16376:
16373:
16371:
16368:
16366:
16363:
16361:
16358:
16356:
16355:Unitary state
16353:
16351:
16348:
16346:
16343:
16341:
16338:
16336:
16333:
16332:
16330:
16326:
16322:
16318:
16311:
16306:
16304:
16299:
16297:
16292:
16291:
16288:
16282:
16275:
16269:
16262:
16255:
16252:
16250:
16249:
16244:
16241:
16240:
16234:
16231:
16230:
16225:
16220:
16206:
16200:
16196:
16192:
16188:
16185:
16181:
16178:
16175:
16171:
16168:
16164:
16158:
16154:
16150:
16149:Taylor, Astra
16146:
16143:
16139:
16136:
16132:
16126:
16122:
16118:
16117:Kennard, Matt
16113:
16110:
16106:
16103:
16102:
16091:
16085:
16081:
16076:
16072:
16066:
16062:
16057:
16053:
16047:
16039:
16035:
16031:
16027:
16023:
16018:
16014:
16008:
16004:
16003:
15997:
15993:
15987:
15979:
15975:
15971:
15965:
15961:
15960:
15954:
15950:
15944:
15940:
15939:
15933:
15932:
15919:
15918:
15910:
15902:
15898:
15893:
15888:
15883:
15878:
15874:
15870:
15866:
15859:
15857:
15837:
15833:
15829:
15825:
15821:
15817:
15813:
15809:
15805:
15801:
15797:
15790:
15783:
15775:
15768:
15760:
15756:
15751:
15746:
15742:
15738:
15734:
15727:
15725:
15716:
15709:
15701:
15694:
15686:
15679:
15671:
15664:
15656:
15649:
15647:
15638:
15631:
15623:
15615:
15607:
15600:
15592:
15588:
15583:
15578:
15574:
15570:
15566:
15559:
15557:
15548:
15544:
15539:
15534:
15529:
15524:
15520:
15516:
15512:
15508:
15504:
15497:
15489:
15482:
15474:
15470:
15466:
15462:
15458:
15454:
15450:
15443:
15436:. Peter Lang.
15435:
15428:
15426:
15417:
15411:
15407:
15400:
15392:
15385:
15377:
15369:
15367:
15358:
15351:
15349:
15340:
15333:
15325:
15318:
15310:
15303:
15295:
15288:
15286:
15284:
15275:
15271:
15264:
15262:
15253:
15246:
15238:
15234:
15230:
15226:
15219:
15211:
15204:
15197:
15193:
15187:
15179:
15173:
15169:
15164:
15163:
15154:
15146:
15140:
15136:
15129:
15113:
15109:
15103:
15095:
15091:
15087:
15083:
15079:
15075:
15071:
15067:
15063:
15057:
15049:
15042:
15027:
15023:
15019:
15013:
15005:
14999:
14995:
14988:
14986:
14977:
14973:
14969:
14965:
14961:
14957:
14953:
14949:
14945:
14941:
14934:
14918:
14914:
14910:
14903:
14896:
14890:
14885:
14882:(1): 93â113.
14881:
14877:
14873:
14866:
14858:
14852:
14848:
14841:
14834:
14830:
14826:
14821:
14816:
14812:
14808:
14804:
14797:
14778:
14774:
14770:
14766:
14762:
14758:
14754:
14747:
14740:
14732:
14728:
14724:
14720:
14716:
14712:
14708:
14704:
14700:
14696:
14695:
14687:
14679:
14675:
14671:
14667:
14663:
14659:
14652:
14644:
14640:
14636:
14632:
14631:
14623:
14615:
14611:
14607:
14603:
14599:
14595:
14588:
14580:
14576:
14572:
14568:
14564:
14560:
14553:
14547:
14543:
14539:
14535:
14530:
14522:
14518:
14514:
14510:
14506:
14502:
14495:
14493:
14477:
14471:
14467:
14463:
14462:
14454:
14446:
14440:
14436:
14432:
14428:
14421:
14414:
14408:
14400:
14394:
14390:
14386:
14382:
14375:
14364:
14360:
14356:
14351:
14346:
14342:
14338:
14331:
14324:
14316:
14310:
14302:
14296:
14292:
14288:
14282:
14276:
14270:
14262:
14258:
14253:
14248:
14244:
14240:
14236:
14229:
14227:
14218:
14214:
14210:
14206:
14203:(2): 151â69.
14202:
14198:
14191:
14184:
14179:
14175:
14172:(4): 306â22.
14171:
14167:
14159:
14151:
14147:
14143:
14139:
14134:
14129:
14125:
14121:
14117:
14113:
14106:
14099:
14084:
14080:
14076:
14072:
14068:
14061:
14046:
14040:
14036:
14035:
14027:
14012:
14006:
14002:
14001:
13993:
13991:
13984:
13980:
13974:
13968:
13964:
13960:
13957:
13956:Harry J Hogan
13951:
13943:
13939:
13935:
13931:
13927:
13923:
13916:
13908:
13902:
13898:
13894:
13890:
13883:
13876:
13870:
13862:
13858:
13854:
13850:
13846:
13842:
13839:(1): 69â105.
13838:
13834:
13829:For example:
13826:
13817:
13812:
13808:
13804:
13803:
13798:
13791:
13783:
13779:
13775:
13769:
13765:
13761:
13757:
13750:
13742:
13736:
13732:
13728:
13724:
13717:
13709:
13705:
13701:
13695:
13691:
13687:
13683:
13676:
13668:
13664:
13660:
13654:
13650:
13643:
13635:
13631:
13626:
13621:
13617:
13613:
13609:
13605:
13601:
13594:
13586:
13582:
13578:
13574:
13570:
13563:
13548:
13544:
13537:
13521:
13515:
13507:
13503:
13499:
13495:
13491:
13487:
13483:
13476:
13468:
13464:
13460:
13456:
13452:
13448:
13441:
13434:
13428:
13424:
13420:
13419:
13418:Hoover Digest
13414:
13407:
13399:
13395:
13390:
13385:
13381:
13377:
13373:
13366:
13359:
13353:
13349:
13345:
13338:
13329:
13324:
13320:
13316:
13315:
13310:
13303:
13296:. p. 03.
13295:
13293:
13288:
13281:
13273:
13269:
13264:
13263:1721.1/124287
13259:
13255:
13251:
13248:(1): 47â100.
13247:
13243:
13236:
13229:
13221:
13217:
13213:
13209:
13205:
13198:
13183:
13179:
13172:
13163:
13158:
13153:
13148:
13144:
13140:
13139:
13134:
13127:
13119:
13113:
13109:
13108:
13099:
13092:
13088:
13083:
13075:
13071:
13067:
13063:
13059:
13055:
13051:
13044:
13025:
13018:
13012:
13005:
13004:
12999:
12995:
12989:
12972:
12968:
12962:
12943:
12936:
12930:
12924:
12919:
12912:
12906:
12898:
12889:
12881:
12878:
12872:
12864:
12860:
12856:
12852:
12848:
12841:
12833:
12829:
12825:
12821:
12817:
12810:
12802:
12798:
12794:
12790:
12786:
12782:
12778:
12774:
12770:
12763:
12755:
12748:
12742:
12736:
12730:
12724:
12715:
12709:
12708:
12703:
12699:
12693:
12685:
12679:
12675:
12674:
12666:
12658:
12652:
12648:
12647:
12639:
12631:
12625:
12621:
12620:
12612:
12596:
12594:
12586:
12571:
12570:
12565:
12558:
12549:
12543:(2009) p. 211
12542:
12536:
12520:
12519:
12514:
12508:
12492:
12486:
12471:
12467:
12461:
12452:
12450:
12448:
12446:
12436:
12429:
12423:
12414:
12405:
12397:
12390:
12382:
12378:
12374:
12370:
12367:(3): 335â42.
12366:
12362:
12361:
12353:
12345:
12339:
12335:
12328:
12320:
12314:
12310:
12303:
12295:
12293:0-75258-227-5
12289:
12285:
12281:
12280:World History
12277:
12276:Black, Jeremy
12271:
12255:
12251:
12245:
12237:
12233:
12229:
12228:
12220:
12204:
12200:
12194:
12178:
12174:
12168:
12154:
12148:
12144:
12140:
12136:
12132:
12125:
12117:
12111:
12103:
12096:
12088:
12081:
12074:
12068:
12061:
12057:
12053:
12047:
12045:
12043:
12041:
12039:
12031:
12025:
12017:
12011:
12007:
12003:
11996:
11989:
11983:
11977:
11973:
11969:
11965:
11959:
11953:
11949:
11945:
11941:
11935:
11929:
11925:
11921:
11917:
11912:
11906:
11902:
11898:
11894:
11888:
11880:
11876:
11872:
11868:
11864:
11857:
11848:
11839:
11831:
11827:
11823:
11819:
11816:(1): 97â109.
11815:
11811:
11807:
11800:
11789:
11783:
11777:
11772:
11757:
11756:Freedom House
11753:
11747:
11731:
11727:
11721:
11705:
11701:
11695:
11680:
11674:
11670:
11669:
11661:
11646:
11640:
11636:
11635:
11627:
11612:
11608:
11601:
11586:
11582:
11578:
11574:
11570:
11566:
11562:
11558:
11554:
11550:
11546:
11539:
11524:. 9 June 2020
11523:
11519:
11513:
11505:
11499:
11495:
11494:
11486:
11478:
11474:
11470:
11466:
11462:
11458:
11454:
11450:
11446:
11439:
11431:
11430:
11422:
11415:
11409:
11400:
11394:
11390:
11386:
11380:
11373:
11369:
11365:
11359:
11353:
11349:
11345:
11341:
11336:
11329:
11325:
11321:
11317:
11316:Anthony Downs
11312:
11305:
11301:
11297:
11293:
11288:
11280:
11276:
11272:
11268:
11265:(2): 525â62.
11264:
11260:
11256:
11249:
11234:
11228:
11224:
11223:
11215:
11213:
11211:
11209:
11207:
11198:
11194:
11188:
11172:
11166:
11158:
11154:
11150:
11146:
11142:
11138:
11134:
11130:
11126:
11119:
11104:
11100:
11096:
11090:
11086:
11082:
11078:
11077:
11069:
11054:
11050:
11043:
11035:
11034:
11029:
11022:
11014:
11010:
11006:
11000:
10996:
10995:
10987:
10968:
10964:
10957:
10951:
10935:
10928:
10913:
10909:
10903:
10895:
10891:
10887:
10883:
10879:
10875:
10871:
10867:
10860:
10852:
10848:
10844:
10840:
10839:Global Policy
10833:
10827:
10823:
10820:
10813:
10798:
10794:
10790:
10786:
10780:
10773:
10768:
10752:
10746:
10730:
10726:
10720:
10718:
10706:
10702:
10698:
10694:
10690:
10687:(6): 646â59.
10686:
10682:
10675:
10668:
10660:
10653:
10638:
10634:
10628:
10613:
10609:
10602:
10586:
10580:
10572:
10568:
10564:
10558:
10542:
10538:
10532:
10516:
10512:
10508:
10502:
10486:
10480:
10472:
10466:
10462:
10458:
10451:
10435:
10429:
10413:
10407:
10391:
10387:
10381:
10366:
10362:
10355:
10339:
10332:
10330:
10314:
10310:
10303:
10295:
10291:
10285:
10277:
10271:
10264:
10261:
10255:
10248:
10244:
10241:
10235:
10220:
10213:
10206:
10201:
10194:
10189:
10174:
10170:
10164:
10148:
10144:
10140:
10133:
10117:
10113:
10107:
10096:
10089:
10083:
10075:
10069:
10065:
10064:
10056:
10037:
10030:
10023:
10016:
10010:
10002:
9996:
9992:
9988:
9981:
9962:
9955:
9954:
9949:
9948:Norman Davies
9943:
9927:
9923:
9917:
9901:
9895:
9880:
9874:
9870:
9869:
9861:
9845:
9841:
9837:
9831:
9820:
9816:
9812:
9808:
9804:
9800:
9796:
9789:
9782:
9771:
9767:
9763:
9759:
9755:
9751:
9747:
9740:
9733:
9725:
9719:
9715:
9711:
9710:
9702:
9695:
9691:
9685:
9677:
9671:
9667:
9660:
9653:
9647:
9631:
9627:
9621:
9605:
9599:
9591:
9584:
9576:
9570:
9566:
9565:
9560:
9554:
9548:
9544:
9541:
9540:
9533:
9526:
9525:
9524:United States
9517:
9510:
9506:
9502:
9498:
9493:
9486:
9482:
9478:
9474:
9469:
9461:
9457:
9453:
9449:
9445:
9438:
9431:
9427:
9424:Locke, John.
9421:
9413:
9407:
9403:
9399:
9398:
9393:
9387:
9379:
9375:
9371:
9367:
9363:
9359:
9355:
9351:
9344:
9337:
9324:
9320:
9314:
9307:
9294:
9290:
9284:
9282:
9265:
9261:
9255:
9239:
9233:
9217:
9211:
9195:
9191:
9187:
9173:
9169:
9165:
9159:
9151:
9145:
9141:
9134:
9126:
9122:
9118:
9114:
9109:
9104:
9100:
9096:
9092:
9085:
9077:
9073:
9068:
9063:
9059:
9055:
9051:
9044:
9036:
9032:
9028:
9024:
9017:
9009:
9005:
9001:
8997:
8993:
8989:
8985:
8981:
8974:
8958:
8952:
8936:
8932:
8931:The Telegraph
8927:
8912:
8906:
8898:
8892:
8888:
8887:
8879:
8863:
8857:
8850:
8837:
8833:
8827:
8819:
8815:
8811:
8805:
8801:
8797:
8793:
8789:
8782:
8774:
8768:
8765:. Routledge.
8764:
8763:
8755:
8747:
8741:
8737:
8736:
8728:
8713:
8709:
8702:
8694:
8690:
8686:
8682:
8678:
8674:
8670:
8666:
8659:
8652:
8647:
8639:
8633:
8629:
8628:
8620:
8612:
8606:
8602:
8601:
8593:
8585:
8579:
8575:
8574:Lonely Planet
8571:
8570:
8562:
8555:
8550:
8534:
8528:
8522:
8518:
8514:
8508:
8501:
8496:
8489:
8484:
8477:
8472:
8466:
8462:
8458:
8452:
8444:
8438:
8434:
8433:
8425:
8409:
8405:
8401:
8395:
8387:
8383:
8379:
8375:
8371:
8367:
8360:
8352:
8351:
8343:
8334:
8327:
8321:
8314:
8308:
8301:
8298:
8294:
8289:
8282:
8277:
8271:
8267:
8263:
8257:
8242:
8238:
8234:
8230:
8223:
8215:
8211:
8207:
8201:
8197:
8196:
8188:
8172:
8168:
8164:
8157:
8150:
8144:
8140:
8136:
8132:
8128:
8121:
8113:
8107:
8103:
8102:
8094:
8092:
8090:
8082:
8077:
8070:
8065:
8057:
8051:
8043:
8037:
8033:
8032:
8024:
8017:
8016:Spirit of Law
8014:Montesquieu,
8011:
8004:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7985:
7979:
7975:
7968:
7960:
7954:
7950:
7946:
7940:
7932:
7928:
7924:
7920:
7916:
7912:
7908:
7904:
7897:
7889:
7883:
7879:
7878:
7870:
7854:
7850:
7849:
7844:
7837:
7821:
7807:
7801:
7793:
7787:
7783:
7782:
7774:
7772:
7763:
7757:
7754:. JHU Press.
7753:
7752:
7744:
7738:
7734:
7731:
7726:
7722:
7718:
7714:
7713:
7705:
7689:
7682:
7674:
7668:
7664:
7657:
7651:
7646:
7640:
7636:
7629:
7614:
7610:
7604:
7596:
7592:
7588:
7584:
7580:
7576:
7573:(1): 92â113.
7572:
7568:
7564:
7557:
7550:
7546:
7545:
7544:The Economist
7538:
7531:
7526:
7522:
7521:
7520:The Economist
7516:
7509:
7507:
7496:
7489:
7484:
7476:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7458:
7454:
7450:
7446:
7442:
7438:
7434:
7427:
7420:
7416:
7412:
7406:
7398:
7392:
7388:
7381:
7379:
7371:
7370:
7364:
7357:
7353:
7350:Locke, John.
7347:
7331:
7325:
7317:
7313:
7309:
7305:
7301:
7297:
7293:
7289:
7282:
7274:
7268:
7264:
7263:
7255:
7247:
7243:
7239:
7235:
7231:
7227:
7223:
7216:
7214:
7197:
7193:
7187:
7179:
7173:
7169:
7165:
7161:
7154:
7138:
7132:
7130:
7125:
7110:
7106:
7097:
7093:
7089:
7085:
7081:
7077:
7076:Spain in 1975
7073:
7068:
7061:
7057:
7056:
7051:
7047:
7043:
7039:
7033:
7029:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6988:
6984:
6978:
6973:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6928:
6920:
6918:
6914:
6910:
6905:
6903:
6899:
6893:
6891:
6887:
6883:
6879:
6875:
6871:
6867:
6862:
6860:
6856:
6852:
6848:
6844:
6840:
6836:
6831:
6829:
6825:
6821:
6817:
6816:echo chambers
6813:
6809:
6803:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6784:
6780:
6776:
6772:
6768:
6764:
6760:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6744:
6743:market forces
6735:
6732:
6729:
6726:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6714:
6711:
6710:
6709:
6707:
6702:
6700:
6696:
6695:social issues
6690:
6677:
6673:
6669:
6665:
6661:
6657:
6653:
6652:aristocracies
6649:
6645:
6641:
6637:
6634:
6630:
6626:
6625:James Madison
6622:
6617:
6615:
6611:
6607:
6596:
6591:
6589:
6584:
6582:
6577:
6576:
6574:
6573:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6559:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6523:
6517:
6516:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6473:Right to vote
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6398:Majority rule
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6290:
6284:
6283:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6265:Supermajority
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6195:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6163:Participatory
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6094:Hybrid regime
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6016:
6013:
6008:
6007:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5987:
5985:
5984:
5981:
5978:
5977:
5974:
5970:
5969:
5960:
5957:
5949:
5946:February 2024
5939:
5933:
5931:
5926:This article
5924:
5915:
5914:
5908:
5897:
5895:
5891:
5887:
5883:
5878:
5876:
5872:
5868:
5864:
5860:
5856:
5852:
5848:
5844:
5837:
5833:
5829:
5824:
5820:
5816:
5812:
5808:
5806:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5793:
5792:South Vietnam
5789:
5785:
5782:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5774:
5770:
5766:
5762:
5758:
5754:
5750:
5746:
5742:
5741:regime change
5738:
5725:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5693:
5692:regime change
5686:
5676:
5674:
5667:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5652:
5650:
5646:
5641:
5638:
5634:
5631:
5623:
5620:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5612:
5611:human capital
5608:
5603:
5600:
5596:
5594:
5589:
5587:
5583:
5574:
5570:
5566:
5560:
5550:
5548:
5547:authoritarian
5544:
5536:
5535:democratizing
5532:
5520:
5515:
5505:
5503:
5500:and reducing
5499:
5495:
5491:
5488:, increasing
5487:
5483:
5479:
5470:
5463:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5449:
5445:
5438:
5434:
5430:
5429:African Union
5425:
5421:
5414:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5374:, economists
5373:
5372:
5365:
5355:
5353:
5349:
5344:
5335:
5333:
5329:
5325:
5321:
5317:
5313:
5304:
5299:Justification
5296:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5276:
5266:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5255:
5250:
5246:
5242:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5226:
5222:
5218:
5208:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5160:
5150:
5147:
5143:
5137:
5127:
5125:
5121:
5117:
5113:
5108:
5106:
5102:
5098:
5092:
5090:
5086:
5080:
5067:
5063:
5057:
5046:
5044:
5040:
5035:
5032:
5028:
5022:
5015:Participatory
5012:
5010:
5006:
5005:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4978:
4965:
4961:
4956:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4933:
4922:
4920:
4919:Constitutions
4916:
4912:
4908:
4907:supermajority
4904:
4898:
4888:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4867:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4823:
4821:
4816:
4814:
4810:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4786:
4784:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4763:
4757:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4703:participatory
4700:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4665:
4663:
4659:
4656:
4650:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4629:
4625:
4620:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4607:
4602:
4601:James Madison
4598:
4594:
4589:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4570:head of state
4567:
4566:
4559:
4558:Republicanism
4549:
4547:
4543:
4538:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4499:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4419:
4417:
4412:
4410:
4404:
4399:
4389:
4387:
4381:
4376:
4369:Parliamentary
4366:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4335:
4325:
4323:
4313:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4301:town meetings
4298:
4293:
4291:
4287:
4282:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4201:
4196:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4159:ballot papers
4156:
4151:
4144:
4140:
4139:Landsgemeinde
4135:
4130:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4104:
4096:
4091:
4089:
4084:
4082:
4077:
4076:
4072:
4071:
4064:
4063:
4057:
4045:
4035:
4025:
4015:
4005:
3995:
3991:
3980:
3970:
3962:
3960:
3948:
3946:
3940:
3930:
3920:
3911:
3909:
3903:
3902:
3896:
3892:
3890:
3883:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3857:
3850:
3831: No data
3814:
3788:
3762:
3761:
3757:map for 2023
3756:
3752:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3728:inclusiveness
3725:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3624:
3621:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3578:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3523:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3495:Anthony Downs
3492:
3487:
3485:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3453:
3451:
3446:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3356:
3354:
3350:
3341:
3337:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3284:
3281:
3273:
3268:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3249:Freedom House
3247:According to
3241:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3132:
3128:
3119:
3113:
3108:
3106:
3103:In 1948, the
3101:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3028:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2955:
2950:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2932:
2927:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2893:appointed by
2892:
2888:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2797:
2792:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2711:Enlightenment
2708:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2661:Acts of Union
2658:
2654:
2650:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2629:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2519:Thomas Hobbes
2516:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2496:
2493:of 1688, the
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2435:Thomas Hobbes
2432:
2428:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2382:
2376:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2360:habeas corpus
2357:
2353:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2212:
2202:
2199:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2165:Ancient India
2162:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2005:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1986:Philipp Foltz
1982:
1977:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1956:aristocracies
1953:
1949:
1945:
1944:republicanism
1941:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1867:majority rule
1863:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1771:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1750:authoritarian
1747:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1722:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1695:
1694:supreme court
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1666:majority rule
1663:
1659:
1658:parliamentary
1655:
1651:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1635:right to life
1632:
1628:
1627:voting rights
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1557:is vested in
1556:
1552:
1548:
1545:'people' and
1544:
1539:
1533:
1524:
1523:Ancient Greek
1520:
1509:
1504:
1502:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1472:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1420:
1419:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
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1038:Authoritarian
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566:Right to vote
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491:Majority rule
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358:Supermajority
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187:Hybrid regime
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22883:Western Bloc
22683:AUSCANNZUKUS
22639:Contemporary
22624:
22588:Human rights
22434:Latin Church
22408:Christianity
22358:
22317:Conservatism
22162:contemporary
21999:Architecture
21935:World War II
21895:Emancipation
21890:Abolitionism
21778:Romanization
21773:Roman legacy
21754:Roman Empire
21648:
21547:Elite theory
21495:
21485:
21475:
21465:
21455:
21445:
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21405:
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21295:
21285:
20584:Guicciardini
20540:Early modern
20363:Philosophers
20313:Open society
20249:Body politic
20119:Distributism
20109:Conservatism
20104:Confucianism
20023:Gerontocracy
20017:
20013:Dictatorship
19967:Sovereigntyâ
19957:Ruling class
19847:Emancipation
19832:Citizenshipâ
19755:
19500:Catherine II
18952:Beaumarchais
18782:Universality
18753:Reductionism
18700:
18677:Human rights
18638:
18527:
18515:
18468:Public float
18403:Job creation
18355:Public space
18282:Public works
18159:Public value
18154:Public trust
17387:}}
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17081:Civil rights
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17060:
17042:
17010:
16990:
16986:Town meeting
16970:
16919:
16894:
16864:
16850:Constitution
16844:
16809:
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16733:
16679:Distributism
16664:Conservatism
16649:Collectivism
16617:Philosophies
16591:Cosmopolitan
16586:Conservative
16553:
16552:
16425:
16416:Govt systems
16410:
16390:Municipality
16369:
16246:
16223:
16194:
16186:23(1): 1â26.
16183:
16173:
16152:
16141:
16120:
16108:
16079:
16060:
16046:cite journal
16029:
16025:
16001:
15962:. New York.
15958:
15937:
15916:
15909:
15875:(1): 25â48.
15872:
15868:
15843:. Retrieved
15836:the original
15799:
15795:
15782:
15773:
15767:
15740:
15736:
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15699:
15693:
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15654:
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15630:
15621:
15614:
15608:. Macmillan.
15605:
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15228:
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15218:
15209:
15203:
15195:
15186:
15161:
15153:
15134:
15128:
15116:. Retrieved
15111:
15102:
15069:
15062:Ober, Josiah
15056:
15047:
15041:
15029:. Retrieved
15025:
15012:
14993:
14950:(1): 29â40.
14947:
14943:
14933:
14921:. Retrieved
14912:
14902:
14893:
14879:
14875:
14865:
14846:
14840:
14832:
14810:
14806:
14796:
14784:. Retrieved
14756:
14752:
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14698:
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14686:
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14651:
14634:
14628:
14622:
14597:
14593:
14587:
14562:
14558:
14552:
14537:
14529:
14504:
14500:
14479:. Retrieved
14460:
14453:
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14309:
14290:
14281:
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14200:
14196:
14190:
14181:
14169:
14166:Intelligence
14165:
14158:
14115:
14111:
14098:
14086:. Retrieved
14077:(2): 77â99.
14074:
14070:
14060:
14048:. Retrieved
14033:
14026:
14014:. Retrieved
13999:
13978:
13973:
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13648:
13642:
13607:
13603:
13593:
13576:
13572:
13562:
13552:17 September
13550:. Retrieved
13547:The Atlantic
13546:
13536:
13524:. Retrieved
13514:
13489:
13485:
13475:
13450:
13446:
13440:
13427:the original
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13302:
13290:
13280:
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13241:
13228:
13211:
13207:
13197:
13185:. Retrieved
13181:
13171:
13162:10852/100947
13142:
13136:
13126:
13106:
13098:
13082:
13060:(4): 35â41.
13057:
13053:
13043:
13031:. Retrieved
13024:the original
13011:
13002:
12997:
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12988:
12975:. Retrieved
12971:the original
12961:
12949:. Retrieved
12942:the original
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12665:
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12611:
12599:. Retrieved
12592:
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12573:. Retrieved
12567:
12557:
12548:
12540:
12535:
12523:. Retrieved
12516:
12507:
12495:. Retrieved
12485:
12473:. Retrieved
12470:bartleby.com
12469:
12460:
12435:
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12352:
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12270:
12258:. Retrieved
12254:the original
12244:
12226:
12219:
12207:. Retrieved
12203:the original
12193:
12181:. Retrieved
12177:the original
12167:
12156:, retrieved
12134:
12124:
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12101:
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11755:
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11729:
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11703:
11694:
11682:. Retrieved
11667:
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11633:
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11610:
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11588:. Retrieved
11552:
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11526:. Retrieved
11521:
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11340:Dahl, Robert
11335:
11319:
11311:
11295:
11287:
11262:
11258:
11248:
11236:. Retrieved
11221:
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11165:
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11106:. Retrieved
11075:
11068:
11056:. Retrieved
11052:
11042:
11031:
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10986:
10974:. Retrieved
10967:the original
10950:
10938:. Retrieved
10927:
10915:. Retrieved
10911:
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10869:
10865:
10859:
10845:(1): 28â37.
10842:
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10788:
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10745:
10733:. Retrieved
10728:
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10636:
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10611:
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10589:. Retrieved
10579:
10571:the original
10566:
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10545:. Retrieved
10541:the original
10531:
10519:. Retrieved
10515:the original
10510:
10501:
10489:. Retrieved
10479:
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10450:
10438:. Retrieved
10428:
10416:. Retrieved
10406:
10394:. Retrieved
10390:the original
10380:
10368:. Retrieved
10364:
10354:
10342:. Retrieved
10316:. Retrieved
10312:
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10293:
10284:
10275:
10270:
10262:
10254:
10234:
10224:26 September
10222:. Retrieved
10212:
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10188:
10176:. Retrieved
10172:
10163:
10151:. Retrieved
10147:the original
10142:
10132:
10120:. Retrieved
10116:the original
10106:
10082:
10062:
10055:
10043:. Retrieved
10036:the original
10022:
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10009:
9990:
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9980:
9968:. Retrieved
9961:the original
9952:
9942:
9930:. Retrieved
9926:the original
9916:
9904:. Retrieved
9894:
9882:. Retrieved
9867:
9860:
9848:. Retrieved
9844:the original
9839:
9830:
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9732:
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9701:
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9651:
9646:
9634:. Retrieved
9630:the original
9620:
9608:. Retrieved
9598:
9589:
9583:
9563:
9559:Deacy, Susan
9553:
9538:
9532:
9521:
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9323:the original
9313:
9304:
9297:. Retrieved
9293:the original
9268:. Retrieved
9264:the original
9254:
9242:. Retrieved
9232:
9220:. Retrieved
9210:
9198:. Retrieved
9194:the original
9189:
9176:. Retrieved
9172:the original
9167:
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9133:
9098:
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9053:
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9026:
9022:
9016:
8983:
8979:
8973:
8961:. Retrieved
8951:
8939:. Retrieved
8930:
8915:. Retrieved
8905:
8885:
8878:
8866:. Retrieved
8856:
8847:
8840:. Retrieved
8836:the original
8826:
8791:
8781:
8761:
8754:
8734:
8727:
8715:. Retrieved
8711:
8708:"Government"
8701:
8668:
8664:
8658:
8646:
8626:
8619:
8599:
8592:
8568:
8561:
8556:, p. 34
8549:
8537:. Retrieved
8527:
8512:
8507:
8495:
8483:
8478:, p. 5.
8471:
8456:
8455:Susan Lape,
8451:
8431:
8424:
8412:. Retrieved
8408:the original
8403:
8394:
8369:
8365:
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8342:
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8325:
8320:
8312:
8307:
8296:
8288:
8276:
8261:
8256:
8244:. Retrieved
8233:The Guardian
8232:
8222:
8194:
8187:
8175:. Retrieved
8171:the original
8166:
8156:
8130:
8120:
8100:
8081:Graeber 2013
8076:
8069:Graeber 2013
8064:
8050:
8030:
8023:
8015:
8010:
8001:
7997:R. R. Palmer
7992:
7973:
7967:
7948:
7939:
7909:(1): 1â101.
7906:
7902:
7896:
7876:
7869:
7857:. Retrieved
7853:the original
7846:
7836:
7824:. Retrieved
7810:. Retrieved
7800:
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7704:
7692:. Retrieved
7681:
7662:
7656:
7634:
7628:
7616:. Retrieved
7612:
7603:
7570:
7566:
7556:
7549:2016 reprint
7542:
7537:
7528:
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7483:
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7386:
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7334:. Retrieved
7324:
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7195:
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7141:. Retrieved
7109:
7067:
7053:
7032:
6906:
6894:
6870:social media
6863:
6859:deregulation
6855:impartiality
6832:
6820:civil rights
6812:social media
6804:
6795:dumbing down
6787:
6783:civil rights
6779:surveillance
6747:
6739:
6703:
6692:
6618:
6604:
6270:Totalitarian
6153:Non-partisan
6133:Majoritarian
6114:Jeffersonian
6054:Deliberative
6044:Cosmopolitan
6039:Conservative
6019:Anticipatory
5979:
5971:Part of the
5952:
5943:
5930:copy editing
5928:may require
5927:
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5875:Nazi Germany
5849:and eroding
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5324:general will
5318:is based on
5310:
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5252:
5233:shareholders
5229:Corporations
5225:cooperatives
5221:trade unions
5214:
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5176:Saudi Arabia
5171:
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5099:, e.g., the
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5073:Cosmopolitan
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4947:ethnic group
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4563:
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4382:
4378:
4359:proportional
4355:constituency
4352:
4337:
4319:
4294:
4283:
4264:
4247:
4243:
4240:
4192:
4172:
4110:
4102:
4055:
3957:
3943:
3906:
3898:
3885:
3711:
3703:quantitative
3697:
3658:
3639:
3622:
3605:
3577:
3564:
3563:
3540:
3537:deliberation
3530:
3529:
3526:Deliberative
3503:
3498:
3488:
3481:
3464:
3456:
3454:
3444:
3442:
3430:
3424:
3420:
3418:
3397:
3367:
3364:Early theory
3346:
3303:
3285:
3277:
3252:
3246:
3191:
3156:Eastern bloc
3123:
3110:
3102:
3083:
3051:World War II
3049:
3036:Leon Trotsky
2985:Nazi Germany
2959:
2936:
2908:
2875:
2840:
2801:
2763:adopted the
2758:
2719:
2703:constitution
2696:
2692:civil rights
2685:
2646:
2590:
2575:
2544:
2526:
2512:
2460:
2433:expanded on
2400:
2386:
2377:
2349:
2325:
2320:divided the
2234:feudal lords
2219:
2195:
2178:mahajanapada
2168:
2139:
2123:appeared in
2121:Range voting
2119:
2109:
2105:
2103:
2098:
2091:
2080:
2070:
2054:
2050:
2038:
2036:
2017:
2002:
1947:
1934:
1926:collectivism
1915:
1887:deliberation
1864:
1825:
1806:
1798:human rights
1786:constitution
1775:
1767:
1743:
1721:aristokratĂa
1718:
1714:áŒÏÎčÏÏÎżÎșÏαÏία
1698:
1690:constitution
1647:
1571:
1546:
1542:
1518:
1517:
1396:Middle power
1323:Vassal state
1317:Buffer state
1315:
1291:Puppet state
1286:Protectorate
1262:Client state
1252:Principality
1078:Distributism
1020:Presidential
898:Dictatorship
822:Gerontocracy
744:rule by many
738:
717:
701:Part of the
363:Totalitarian
246:Non-partisan
226:Majoritarian
207:Jeffersonian
147:Deliberative
137:Cosmopolitan
132:Conservative
112:Anticipatory
72:
64:Part of the
35:
15:
22823:Open Balkan
22641:integration
22571:Rule of law
22566:Natural law
22543:Agnosticism
22521:Hellenistic
22499:Anglo-Saxon
22429:Catholicism
22368:Atlanticism
22273:Rationalism
22079:Immigration
22062:Esotericism
21920:World War I
21885:Romanticism
21865:Reformation
21845:Renaissance
21823:Middle Ages
21788:Christendom
21717:Foundations
21421:(1835â1840)
21301:(c. 350 BC)
21291:(c. 375 BC)
20908:Tocqueville
20873:Saint-Simon
20838:Montesquieu
20689:Bolingbroke
20621:Machiavelli
20501:Ibn Khaldun
20466:Alpharabius
20459:Middle Ages
20284:Natural law
20259:Common good
20184:Nationalism
20144:Imperialism
20114:Corporatism
20089:Colonialism
20069:Agrarianism
20048:Technocracy
20028:Meritocracy
20008:Bureaucracy
19998:Aristocracy
19757:Romanticism
19579:Charles III
19420:Poniatowski
19357:Leeuwenhoek
19337:de la Court
19325:Netherlands
19169:Mendelssohn
19164:Lichtenberg
19042:Montesquieu
18760:Sapere aude
18743:Rationalism
18738:Rationality
18728:Objectivity
18320:Public bank
18295:Free clinic
18129:Public land
18079:Common good
17629:Economics /
17246:World Court
17179:Magna Carta
16996:Legislation
16958:Governance
16915:Legislature
16790:Regulation:
16699:Familialism
16674:Corporatism
16654:Communalism
16624:Agrarianism
16536:Technocracy
16496:Meritocracy
16491:Kleptocracy
16471:Ergatocracy
16466:Electocracy
16456:Colonialism
16441:Bureaucracy
16436:Aristocracy
15928:Works cited
15743:: 415â438.
14895:governance.
13625:10036/64393
13492:: 149â170.
13145:: 357â375.
13033:12 February
11616:27 December
11528:20 November
11193:"Aristotle"
10802:14 November
10617:31 December
10521:15 February
10491:16 December
10396:7 September
10178:18 November
9970:5 September
9392:Locke, John
9299:27 November
9270:22 December
8963:17 November
8868:17 November
8794:: 130â151.
8283:, p. .
8260:John Dunn,
8177:22 December
7688:"Democracy"
7232:(3): 5â16.
7162:: 851â862.
7143:24 February
7137:"Democracy"
6996:Meritocracy
6824:free speech
6755:horse races
6715:Meaningful
6706:Jay Blumler
6648:polyarchies
6640:epistocracy
6378:Kleroterion
6260:Substantive
6235:Semi-direct
5863:rule of law
5649:autocracies
5527: 2010
5254:Islamocracy
5196:Afghanistan
5146:moral ideal
4811:criticised
4775:Trotskyists
4729:multi-party
4662:rule of law
4496:H. G. Wells
4459:Netherlands
4443:Charles III
4363:referendums
4297:New England
4286:referendums
4260:initiatives
4256:referendums
4252:U.S. states
4237:Semi-direct
4187:referendums
4183:initiatives
4155:Switzerland
4107:Basic forms
3718:autocracies
3707:comparative
3439:Aggregative
3405:Montesquieu
3381:aristocracy
3318:rule of law
3310:nationalist
3292:nationalist
3168:Philippines
2961:World War I
2911:New Zealand
2785:Grodno Sejm
2740:nor extend
2686:During the
2372:petitioning
2356:Magna Carta
2344:Magna Carta
2322:Mali Empire
2268:, found in
2238:Scandinavia
2226:Middle Ages
2224:during the
2216:Middle Ages
2110:most direct
2059:Cleisthenes
2009:Montesquieu
1821:rule of law
1770:Karl Popper
1731:city-states
1709:aristocracy
1650:communities
1631:deprivation
1619:citizenship
1603:association
1555:state power
1401:Great power
1386:Small power
1328:Viceroyalty
1199:Nationalism
1063:Colonialism
1043:Libertarian
1005:Directorial
882:rule by one
862:Technocracy
857:Stratocracy
837:Meritocracy
827:Kleptocracy
817:Aristocracy
471:Kleroterion
353:Substantive
328:Semi-direct
22914:Categories
22843:Rio Treaty
22354:Relativism
22312:Liberalism
22278:Empiricism
22230:Philosophy
22218:Secularism
22169:Philosophy
22106:Literature
21900:Capitalism
21629:Separatism
21437:On Liberty
21337:The Prince
21066:Huntington
20569:Campanella
20496:al-Ghazali
20445:Thucydides
20403:Lactantius
20348:Statolatry
20174:Monarchism
20154:Liberalism
20079:Capitalism
20062:Ideologies
20043:Plutocracy
19991:Government
19947:Revolution
19932:Propaganda
19882:Legitimacy
19857:Government
19599:Villarroel
19594:Jovellanos
19530:Radishchev
19477:Micu-Klein
19415:Niemcewicz
19382:Swammerdam
19372:Nieuwentyt
19362:Mandeville
19217:Farmakidis
19103:Burlamaqui
19012:La Mettrie
18987:Fontenelle
18942:d'Argenson
18937:d'Alembert
18861:Harrington
18787:Utopianism
18687:Liberalism
18644:Empiricism
18619:Classicism
18609:Capitalism
18493:Public use
18375:Urban park
18315:Public art
18104:Public bad
17881:Presidents
17577:Defence /
17475:Leadership
17468:ministries
17396:Categories
17329:liberalism
17277:Templates:
17174:Documents:
17149:Overviews:
17001:Regulation
16930:Parliament
16834:Components
16820:Sanitation
16810:Municipal:
16739:John Locke
16724:Liberalism
16704:Fanaticism
16516:Plutocracy
16486:Geniocracy
16476:Federalism
16446:Capitalism
16321:government
16278:Government
15845:12 October
15276:: 301â339.
15031:10 October
14923:27 January
14786:7 November
14534:Mudde, Cas
14118:(1): 1â6.
13667:1053623603
13089:Johnson's
12575:20 January
12209:12 October
11938:A. Barak,
11342:, (1989).
11318:, (1957).
11294:, (1950).
11108:21 January
11013:1155487679
10940:28 January
10917:28 January
10318:25 January
10045:12 October
9752:(2): 231.
9329:30 October
9200:16 October
9178:16 October
8941:28 January
8917:19 January
8842:28 January
8671:(4): 978.
7826:9 November
7730:Full text.
7618:2 February
7121:References
6913:propaganda
6909:censorship
6890:censorship
6839:World Bank
6699:news media
6660:neo-feudal
6644:lottocracy
6610:principles
6541:Historical
6453:Referendum
6408:Ochlocracy
6383:Liberalism
6373:Initiative
6250:Sociocracy
6178:Procedural
6148:Multiparty
6109:Jacksonian
6104:Industrial
6084:Grassroots
6069:Electronic
5938:editing it
5763:, and the
5731:Disruption
5700:repressive
5645:tsetse fly
5571:political
5384:monopolies
5307:Legitimacy
5289:executives
5249:sharia law
5198:, and the
5142:John Dewey
5116:David Held
4794:Anarchists
4754:See also:
4725:Trotskyist
4707:industrial
4697:, and the
4633:John Adams
4584:such as a
4316:Lot system
4290:California
4279:parliament
4275:referendum
4181:Put forth
3992:republic:
3990:Theocratic
3901:government
3457:minimalism
3400:Republican
3280:voting age
3228:, and the
3226:Kyrgyzstan
3202:Yugoslavia
3140:South Asia
2895:the Sultan
2883:Parliament
2659:under the
2631:Statue of
2551:legitimate
2541:John Locke
2431:John Locke
2417:Modern era
2290:Alfonso IX
2246:lawspeaker
2031:See also:
1703:, notably
1582:deliberate
1559:the people
1551:government
1538:dÄmokratĂa
1527:ÎŽÎ·ÎŒÎżÎșÏαÏία
1406:Superpower
1362:Superstate
1357:Federation
1352:Devolution
1338:Federalism
1179:City-state
852:Plutocracy
847:Particracy
711:government
634:Historical
546:Referendum
501:Ochlocracy
476:Liberalism
466:Initiative
343:Sociocracy
271:Procedural
241:Multiparty
202:Jacksonian
197:Industrial
177:Grassroots
162:Electronic
22930:Elections
22925:Democracy
22788:Five Eyes
22783:EUâUK TCA
22625:Democracy
22514:Old Norse
22403:Abrahamic
22360:Peritrope
22342:Tolerance
22322:Socialism
22152:Mythology
22140:Classical
22089:Languages
22067:Astrology
21915:Modernism
21729:Old World
21347:Leviathan
21327:Monarchia
21321:(c. 1274)
21156:Oakeshott
21101:Mansfield
21096:Luxemburg
21081:Kropotkin
20976:Bernstein
20929:centuries
20843:Nietzsche
20786:Jefferson
20714:Condorcet
20662:centuries
20641:Pufendorf
20506:Marsilius
20393:Confucius
20378:Aristotle
20371:Antiquity
20299:Noble lie
20219:Third Way
20214:Socialism
20139:Feudalism
20094:Communism
20074:Anarchism
20053:Theocracy
20038:Oligarchy
20018:Democracy
20003:Autocracy
19917:Pluralism
19902:Obedience
19867:Hierarchy
19827:Authority
19720:Jefferson
19662:Hutcheson
19551:ObradoviÄ
19520:Lomonosov
19515:Kheraskov
19425:Ćniadecki
19189:Weishaupt
19184:Thomasius
19174:Pufendorf
19017:Lavoisier
19002:d'Holbach
18997:Helvétius
18977:Descartes
18972:Condorcet
18967:Condillac
18901:Priestley
18718:Modernity
18639:Democracy
17482:President
17464:ministers
17205:Diplomacy
17125:Sociology
17056:Campaigns
17044:Elections
17019:Precedent
16991:Outcomes:
16981:Committee
16960:processes
16910:Judiciary
16885:President
16845:Documents
16785:Espionage
16748:Functions
16694:Extremism
16629:Anarchism
16581:Consensus
16571:Cellular
16554:Democracy
16541:Theocracy
16526:Socialism
16511:Oligarchy
16481:Feudalism
16461:Communism
16328:Overviews
16243:Democracy
16224:Democracy
15986:cite book
15978:769425385
15759:219769484
15591:150169330
15473:155126179
15086:146975709
14964:1022-0461
14829:150992660
14773:225378571
14731:221472047
14678:228959708
14614:159354232
14579:234870008
14521:225475139
14345:CiteSeerX
14261:0003-0554
14217:153949862
14162:Compare:
13942:158036471
13782:240235199
13708:240235199
13506:149640396
13433:this page
13431:Also see
13398:1094-2939
13272:222452675
13214:: 42â68.
13102:Compare:
13074:201790528
12951:22 August
12801:251572712
12601:22 August
12525:7 January
12497:22 August
12475:8 January
12381:154048078
12260:22 August
12236:153766786
12183:22 August
11585:151808737
11569:0192-5121
11477:155953192
11469:0192-5121
11374:, p. 134.
11157:225207244
11149:1537-5927
11103:242013001
11058:15 August
10894:212974380
10886:1351-0347
10797:0882-7729
10701:144895426
10642:3 January
10591:22 August
10547:22 August
10440:22 August
10418:22 August
10173:USA Today
10122:22 August
9932:22 August
9884:8 October
9815:145135025
9766:145135025
9636:2 October
9610:22 August
9452:1935-0708
9370:1471-6372
9117:1094-2939
9076:0022-0507
9008:211428630
9000:0020-8183
8693:237710260
8685:1354-0661
8539:22 August
8378:0009-8353
8241:0261-3077
7931:144699481
7859:18 August
7812:18 August
7694:17 August
7595:149825810
7587:2332-8894
7500:(49.4%)."
7457:0033-362X
7312:1045-5736
7246:1086-3214
7202:17 August
7024:Footnotes
6828:autocracy
6775:terrorism
6672:theocracy
6478:Sortition
6433:Polyarchy
6293:Anarchism
6275:Workplace
6255:Sovereign
6245:Socialist
6225:Sectarian
6203:Christian
6193:Religious
6168:Pluralist
6123:Illiberal
6099:Inclusive
6074:Empowered
6049:Defensive
6034:Consensus
5980:Democracy
5798:Self-coup
5696:autocracy
5607:education
5537:(yellow).
5251:, termed
5049:Religious
5027:parpolity
4991:stateless
4971:Inclusive
4953:âand the
4937:The term
4891:Consensus
4837:Sortition
4832:Sortition
4826:Sortition
4789:Anarchist
4771:Leninists
4732:socialist
4687:Socialist
4668:Socialist
4612:democracy
4574:president
4562:The term
4348:plurality
3736:co-option
3732:polyarchy
3595:The 2023
3546:consensus
3515:elections
3510:polyarchy
3508:the term
3389:autocracy
3387:or today
3377:oligarchy
3373:timocracy
3369:Aristotle
3332:during a
3034:in 1905:
2931:Polity IV
2887:bicameral
2759:In 1789,
2528:Leviathan
2310:sortition
2298:Dubrovnik
2134:Aristotle
2077:Aeschylus
2072:Histories
2067:Herodotus
2039:democracy
2037:The term
1936:Republics
1930:lawmaking
1899:equitable
1883:elections
1594:elections
1590:officials
1578:authority
1553:in which
1532:romanized
1519:Democracy
1233:Unitarism
1209:Globalism
1115:Religious
1103:Tribalism
1093:Socialism
1088:Feudalism
1073:Despotism
1068:Communism
1058:Anarchism
995:Communist
942:Stateless
932:Anarchism
893:Despotism
877:Autocracy
867:Theocracy
832:Kritarchy
800:Oligarchy
785:Socialist
739:Democracy
571:Sortition
526:Polyarchy
386:Anarchism
368:Workplace
348:Sovereign
338:Socialist
318:Sectarian
296:Christian
286:Religious
261:Pluralist
216:Illiberal
192:Inclusive
167:Empowered
142:Defensive
127:Consensus
73:Democracy
51:apartheid
22848:Schengen
22778:Eurozone
22618:Property
22613:Religion
22504:Frankish
22494:Germanic
22474:Paganism
22395:Religion
22383:European
22295:Humanism
22198:Religion
22157:Painting
22123:Internet
22074:Folklore
22045:Clothing
22016:Calendar
21992:Cyrillic
21977:Alphabet
21940:Cold War
21602:Centrism
21297:Politics
21287:Republic
21256:Voegelin
21236:Spengler
21221:Shariati
21196:Rothbard
21151:Nussbaum
21051:Habermas
21026:Fukuyama
21016:Foucault
20941:Ambedkar
20918:Voltaire
20888:de Staël
20863:Rousseau
20744:Franklin
20719:Constant
20679:Beccaria
20511:Muhammad
20491:Gelasius
20476:Averroes
20450:Xenophon
20430:Polybius
20383:Chanakya
20228:Concepts
20194:Populism
20164:Localism
20149:Islamism
20134:Feminism
20033:Monarchy
19937:Property
19927:Progress
19892:Monopoly
19862:Hegemony
19770:Category
19715:Franklin
19682:Playfair
19652:Ferguson
19609:Scotland
19556:MrazoviÄ
19510:Kantemir
19505:Fonvizin
19444:Portugal
19410:Krasicki
19405:Konarski
19400:KoĆĆÄ
taj
19352:Koerbagh
19301:Genovesi
19286:Beccaria
19248:Berkeley
19179:Schiller
19144:Humboldt
19118:Saussure
19113:Rousseau
19077:Voltaire
19032:Maréchal
19007:Jaucourt
18962:ChĂątelet
18957:Chamfort
18906:Reynolds
18809:Thinkers
18713:Midlands
18702:LumiĂšres
18672:Humanism
18665:Haskalah
18517:Category
18451:See also
18072:Concepts
17532:Minister
17169:Suffrage
17099:Academic
17032:Politics
16971:Process:
16940:Assembly
16925:Congress
16905:Ministry
16780:Military
16714:Feminism
16639:Centrism
16606:Republic
16506:Monarchy
16426:Systems:
16395:Township
16317:Politics
16193:(2015).
16151:(2019).
16119:(2023).
16107:(2016).
15901:34260744
15824:29590045
15547:33622786
15118:22 April
15064:(2005).
14976:Archived
14972:55589140
14917:Archived
14777:Archived
14723:32883862
14600:: 9â36.
14363:Archived
14150:21297949
14142:18181782
13959:Archived
13861:53686238
13634:55486399
13526:10 March
13467:51897214
13294:MIT News
13187:26 April
12888:cite web
12396:Politics
12118:. Rudaw.
11830:51782149
11710:17 April
11650:30 April
11577:26556872
11522:oecd.org
11259:Antipode
11238:14 March
10976:26 April
10912:idea.int
10822:Archived
10705:Archived
10292:(2001).
10243:Archived
10095:Archived
9906:21 April
9850:21 April
9819:Archived
9770:Archived
9561:(2008).
9543:Archived
9475:(2003).
9125:14393625
8935:Archived
8404:stoa.org
7947:(2000).
7733:Archived
7650:Details.
7475:35035302
7316:Archived
6923:See also
6868:and the
6866:internet
6800:populism
6443:Populism
6198:Buddhist
6143:Monitory
6064:Economic
6029:Cellular
6024:Athenian
5784:Invasion
5775:and the
5235:through
5130:Creative
4911:majority
4878:rule in
4767:Marxists
4711:economic
4616:republic
4565:republic
4552:Republic
4471:Thailand
4422:Typology
4344:republic
4223:Bolivian
4219:CIPO-RFM
4070:de facto
3409:Rousseau
3314:populist
3288:populist
3148:Cold War
3115:â
2997:Portugal
2853:and the
2655:and the
2613:Baptists
2605:Puritans
2397:nobility
2306:Signoria
2256:and the
2198:Iroquois
2192:Americas
2186:republic
2176:(Vrijji
2170:Vaishali
2159:republic
2099:métoikoi
2087:isonomia
1998:Assembly
1990:Pericles
1952:republic
1920:and the
1893:," i.e.
1739:suffrage
1592:through
1281:Dominion
1010:Legalist
990:Absolute
975:Republic
970:Monarchy
842:Noocracy
812:Anocracy
765:Economic
755:Demarchy
536:Populism
291:Buddhist
236:Monitory
157:Economic
122:Cellular
117:Athenian
22693:Benelux
22598:Thought
22548:Atheism
22489:Finnish
22465:Culture
22460:Judaism
22422:Eastern
22418:Western
22413:Culture
22347:Paradox
22213:Decline
22174:Science
22050:History
22038:Studies
22021:Cuisine
22009:Periods
21969:Culture
21798:History
21764:Eastern
21759:Western
21710:culture
21639:Statism
21552:Elitism
21510:Related
21311:(51 BC)
21241:Strauss
21216:Scruton
21211:Schmitt
21201:Russell
21121:Michels
21116:Maurras
21111:Marcuse
21071:Kautsky
21041:Gramsci
21036:Gentile
21006:Dworkin
20996:Du Bois
20991:Dmowski
20986:Chomsky
20981:Burnham
20966:Benoist
20936:Agamben
20903:Thoreau
20893:Stirner
20883:Spencer
20828:Mazzini
20818:Maistre
20813:Madison
20808:Le Play
20739:Fourier
20704:Carlyle
20684:Bentham
20674:Bastiat
20669:Bakunin
20646:Spinoza
20636:MĂŒntzer
20606:Leibniz
20579:Grotius
20559:Bossuet
20526:Plethon
20471:Aquinas
20440:Sun Tzu
20408:Mencius
20398:Han Fei
20169:Marxism
20129:Fascism
19962:Society
19887:Liberty
19872:Justice
19852:Freedom
19725:Madison
19697:Stewart
19637:Burnett
19632:Boswell
19617:Beattie
19589:MoratĂn
19574:Cadalso
19525:Novikov
19460:Romania
19435:Wybicki
19430:Staszic
19377:Spinoza
19347:Huygens
19342:Grotius
19296:Galvani
19291:Galiani
19241:Ireland
19222:Feraios
19194:Wieland
19159:Lessing
19154:Leibniz
19127:Germany
19108:Prévost
19093:Abauzit
19057:Quesnay
19047:Morelly
19037:Meslier
19022:Leclerc
18982:Diderot
18871:Johnson
18846:Collins
18841:Bentham
18826:Addison
18819:England
18767:Science
18604:Atheism
18529:Commons
18458:Commons
17512:Premier
17255:Related
17211:Embassy
17164:Reforms
17138:History
17076:Issues:
17061:Groups:
16976:Hearing
16935:Council
16900:Cabinet
16895:Bodies:
16880:Monarch
16855:Charter
16709:Fascism
16531:Statism
16431:Anarchy
16404:Systems
16370:Levels:
16245:at the
16172:(2018)
15892:9290699
15832:4549072
15804:Bibcode
15796:Science
15538:7936330
15515:Bibcode
15094:1426841
14703:Bibcode
14694:Science
13853:1951731
13809:(106).
13585:1816288
12793:2009820
12430:, 1967.
12158:17 June
11761:3 April
11736:3 April
11684:3 April
11590:3 April
11267:Bibcode
11177:21 June
10757:19 July
10153:23 June
9511:, p. 61
9460:3818115
9378:3198200
9244:7 April
9222:7 April
8414:1 March
8386:3296866
8300:Laterza
8246:4 March
7923:2378551
7466:8754486
7084:Bolivia
6874:filters
6763:cynical
6664:fascism
6656:fascist
6208:Islamic
6183:Radical
6173:Popular
6119:Liberal
6000:Indices
5990:History
5694:toward
5609:and of
5200:Vatican
4779:soviets
4760:Within
4750:Marxist
4713:and/or
4655:liberal
4643:Liberal
4614:from a
4578:monarch
4523:Hungary
4519:Austria
4515:Germany
4463:Belgium
4309:Vermont
4203:cantons
4062:de jure
3560:Radical
3385:tyranny
3274:in 2008
3234:Tunisia
3210:Georgia
3057:of the
3040:soviets
3005:Balkans
3001:Baltics
2981:Fascism
2965:Ottoman
2903:Turkish
2781:serfdom
2738:slavery
2726:Vermont
2677:African
2617:Quakers
2563:liberal
2364:England
2332:than a
2260:in the
2258:LĂžgting
2254:Iceland
2250:Althing
2045:during
2022:Origins
1970:History
1960:monarch
1639:liberty
1633:of the
1561:or the
1534::
1423:Related
1118:Secular
1083:Fascism
920:Anarchy
910:Tyranny
770:Liberal
301:Islamic
276:Radical
266:Popular
212:Liberal
93:Indices
83:History
22713:CANZUK
22603:Speech
22531:Slavic
22509:Gothic
22484:Celtic
22479:Baltic
22378:Values
22179:Values
21739:Greece
21501:(1992)
21491:(1971)
21481:(1951)
21471:(1945)
21461:(1944)
21451:(1929)
21441:(1859)
21431:(1848)
21411:(1820)
21401:(1791)
21391:(1790)
21381:(1762)
21371:(1748)
21361:(1689)
21351:(1651)
21341:(1532)
21331:(1313)
21261:Walzer
21251:Taylor
21206:Sartre
21171:Popper
21166:Pareto
21161:Ortega
21146:Nozick
21136:Mouffe
21086:Laclau
21046:Guénon
21031:Gandhi
20971:Berlin
20961:Bauman
20956:Badiou
20946:Arendt
20913:Tucker
20803:Le Bon
20764:Herder
20754:Haller
20749:Godwin
20734:Fichte
20729:Engels
20724:Cortés
20694:Bonald
20651:SuĂĄrez
20626:Milton
20616:Luther
20589:Hobbes
20574:Filmer
20564:Calvin
20549:Boétie
20542:period
20521:Ockham
20388:Cicero
20189:Nazism
19977:Utopia
19952:Rights
19942:Regime
19912:People
19897:Nation
19677:Newton
19667:Hutton
19647:Cullen
19544:Serbia
19492:Russia
19482:Èincai
19392:Poland
19332:Bekker
19306:Pagano
19268:Toland
19232:Korais
19227:Kairis
19209:Greece
19139:Herder
19134:Goethe
19098:Bonnet
19086:Geneva
19072:Turgot
19062:Raynal
19052:Pascal
18992:Gouges
18930:France
18916:Tindal
18911:Sidney
18886:Newton
18881:Milton
18856:Godwin
18851:Gibbon
18748:Reason
18590:Topics
17988:
17722:Social
17620:Europe
17541:Titles
17226:World:
17216:Treaty
17051:Voting
17006:Zoning
16865:Roles:
16411:Lists:
16345:Empire
16340:Nation
16221:about
16201:
16159:
16127:
16086:
16067:
16009:
15976:
15966:
15945:
15899:
15889:
15830:
15822:
15757:
15589:
15545:
15535:
15471:
15412:
15174:
15141:
15092:
15084:
15000:
14970:
14962:
14853:
14827:
14771:
14729:
14721:
14676:
14612:
14577:
14544:
14519:
14481:5 June
14472:
14441:
14395:
14347:
14297:
14259:
14215:
14148:
14140:
14088:3 July
14050:20 May
14041:
14016:20 May
14007:
13940:
13903:
13859:
13851:
13780:
13770:
13737:
13706:
13696:
13665:
13655:
13632:
13583:
13504:
13465:
13396:
13354:
13270:
13114:
13091:Russia
13072:
12977:2 July
12799:
12791:
12680:
12653:
12626:
12379:
12340:
12315:
12290:
12234:
12149:
12058:
12012:
11970:
11946:
11922:
11899:
11828:
11675:
11641:
11583:
11575:
11567:
11500:
11475:
11467:
11391:
11370:
11350:
11326:
11302:
11229:
11155:
11147:
11101:
11091:
11011:
11001:
10892:
10884:
10795:
10735:16 May
10731:. 2016
10699:
10467:
10370:16 May
10344:16 May
10070:
9997:
9902:. ACLU
9875:
9813:
9764:
9720:
9672:
9571:
9564:Athena
9507:
9483:
9458:
9450:
9408:
9376:
9368:
9146:
9123:
9115:
9074:
9006:
8998:
8893:
8816:
8806:
8769:
8742:
8717:19 May
8691:
8683:
8634:
8607:
8580:
8519:
8463:
8439:
8384:
8376:
8268:
8239:
8214:194977
8212:
8202:
8145:
8108:
8038:
8005:(1959)
7980:
7955:
7929:
7921:
7903:Ethics
7884:
7788:
7758:
7669:
7641:
7593:
7585:
7473:
7463:
7455:
7417:
7393:
7336:5 July
7310:
7269:
7244:
7174:
7094:, and
6915:, and
6674:, and
6631:; and
6536:Europe
6526:Africa
6520:Region
6493:Voting
6403:Motion
6240:Social
6218:Mormon
6213:Jewish
6128:Liquid
6089:Guided
6079:Ethnic
6059:Direct
5995:Theory
5821:, and
5755:, the
5573:regime
5529:, the
5522:Since
5437:Bamako
5192:Brunei
5182:, the
5168:Green:
5153:Guided
4960:Israel
4925:Ethnic
4773:, and
4680:, and
4608:No. 10
4533:, and
4531:Greece
4511:Russia
4503:France
4479:Bhutan
4457:, the
4231:Rojava
4227:FEJUVE
4221:, the
4213:, the
4211:Glarus
4123:Direct
4050:
4042:
4040:
4032:
4030:
4022:
4020:
4012:
4010:
4002:
4000:
3988:
3986:
3977:
3975:
3967:
3965:
3952:
3937:
3935:
3927:
3925:
3917:
3915:
3833:
3829:
3823:
3817:
3809:
3803:
3797:
3791:
3783:
3777:
3771:
3765:
3722:causal
3716:, and
3687:
3683:
3677:
3671:
3665:
3652:
3646:
3633:
3627:
3616:
3610:
3450:voting
3429:, and
3359:Theory
3212:, the
3204:, the
3196:, the
3019:, and
3009:Brazil
3003:, the
2891:Senate
2863:France
2637:Athens
2633:Athena
2615:, and
2586:Hetman
2457:today.
2445:, the
2402:sejmik
2389:Poland
2314:Frisia
2276:, the
2264:. The
2242:things
2230:clergy
2222:Europe
2205:Africa
2151:Senate
2125:Sparta
2106:direct
2055:krĂĄtos
2043:Athens
1909:, and
1891:"fair"
1641:, and
1615:speech
1547:kratos
1521:(from
1247:Empire
1159:Global
790:Others
780:Social
760:Direct
629:Europe
619:Africa
613:Region
586:Voting
496:Motion
333:Social
311:Mormon
306:Jewish
221:Liquid
182:Guided
172:Ethnic
152:Direct
88:Theory
22868:USMCA
22723:CEFTA
22678:AUKUS
22668:ANZUS
22663:ANZUK
22608:Press
22526:Roman
22191:Sport
22135:Chant
22130:Music
22118:Media
22111:Canon
22057:Dance
21987:Latin
21982:Greek
21828:early
21650:Index
21279:Works
21266:Weber
21231:Spann
21226:Sorel
21191:Röpke
21186:Rawls
21141:Negri
21131:Mosca
21126:Mises
21091:Lenin
21061:Hoppe
21056:Hayek
21021:Fromm
21011:Evola
21001:Dugin
20898:Taine
20878:Smith
20858:Renan
20853:Paine
20774:Iqbal
20759:Hegel
20709:Comte
20699:Burke
20611:Locke
20601:James
20554:Bodin
20486:Dante
20481:Bruni
20435:Shang
20418:Plato
19972:State
19922:Power
19907:Peace
19842:Elite
19820:Terms
19735:Paine
19730:Mason
19692:Smith
19642:Burns
19627:Blair
19622:Black
19566:Spain
19472:Maior
19367:Meyer
19311:Verri
19278:Italy
19263:Swift
19258:Burke
19253:Boyle
19199:Wolff
19027:Mably
18947:Bayle
18896:Price
18876:Locke
18866:Hooke
18836:Bacon
18634:Deism
17874:Lists
17858:Other
16335:State
15839:(PDF)
15828:S2CID
15792:(PDF)
15755:S2CID
15587:S2CID
15469:S2CID
15082:S2CID
14968:S2CID
14825:S2CID
14780:(PDF)
14769:S2CID
14749:(PDF)
14727:S2CID
14674:S2CID
14610:S2CID
14575:S2CID
14517:S2CID
14366:(PDF)
14333:(PDF)
14213:S2CID
14146:S2CID
14108:(PDF)
13938:S2CID
13857:S2CID
13849:JSTOR
13778:S2CID
13704:S2CID
13630:S2CID
13581:JSTOR
13502:S2CID
13463:S2CID
13268:S2CID
13238:(PDF)
13070:S2CID
13027:(PDF)
13020:(PDF)
12945:(PDF)
12938:(PDF)
12797:S2CID
12789:JSTOR
12377:S2CID
12232:S2CID
11826:S2CID
11791:(PDF)
11581:S2CID
11573:JSTOR
11473:S2CID
11153:S2CID
11099:S2CID
10970:(PDF)
10959:(PDF)
10890:S2CID
10708:(PDF)
10697:S2CID
10677:(PDF)
10207:Time.
10098:(PDF)
10091:(PDF)
10039:(PDF)
10032:(PDF)
9989:[
9964:(PDF)
9957:(PDF)
9822:(PDF)
9811:S2CID
9791:(PDF)
9773:(PDF)
9762:S2CID
9742:(PDF)
9714:37â42
9456:JSTOR
9374:S2CID
9121:S2CID
9004:S2CID
8814:JSTOR
8689:S2CID
8382:JSTOR
7927:S2CID
7919:JSTOR
7591:S2CID
6898:viral
6621:Plato
6138:Media
6012:Types
5656:trade
5188:Qatar
4989:in a
4535:Egypt
4527:Italy
4507:China
4475:Japan
4455:Spain
4441:King
4200:Swiss
4167:Berne
4056:Note:
3090:India
3021:Japan
3017:China
2993:Spain
2989:Italy
2326:Gbara
2266:veche
2211:Gadaa
2182:India
2180:) of
2114:boule
2051:dĂȘmos
1860:firms
1844:India
1842:. In
1572:In a
1543:dÄmos
1164:Local
231:Media
105:Types
22828:OSCE
22808:NATO
22753:EFTA
22718:CBSS
22703:BSEC
22593:Life
22145:Folk
22026:Diet
21838:late
21833:high
21749:Rome
21708:and
21181:Rand
21176:Qutb
21076:Kirk
20951:Aron
20868:Sade
20848:Owen
20833:Mill
20823:Marx
20791:Kant
20769:Hume
20631:More
20531:Wang
20413:Mozi
19837:Duty
19687:Reid
19672:Mill
19657:Hume
19316:Vico
19149:Kant
19067:Sade
18891:Pope
17466:and
16319:and
16199:ISBN
16157:ISBN
16125:ISBN
16084:ISBN
16065:ISBN
16052:link
16007:ISBN
15992:link
15974:OCLC
15964:ISBN
15943:ISBN
15897:PMID
15847:2021
15820:PMID
15543:PMID
15410:ISBN
15172:ISBN
15139:ISBN
15120:2018
15090:SSRN
15033:2023
14998:ISBN
14960:ISSN
14925:2021
14851:ISBN
14788:2022
14719:PMID
14542:ISBN
14483:2013
14470:ISBN
14439:ISBN
14393:ISBN
14295:ISBN
14257:ISSN
14138:PMID
14090:2017
14052:2013
14039:ISBN
14018:2013
14005:ISBN
13901:ISBN
13768:ISBN
13735:ISBN
13694:ISBN
13663:OCLC
13653:ISBN
13554:2020
13528:2019
13394:ISSN
13352:ISBN
13189:2022
13112:ISBN
13035:2015
12979:2013
12953:2010
12897:help
12678:ISBN
12651:ISBN
12624:ISBN
12603:2010
12577:2021
12527:2022
12499:2010
12477:2022
12338:ISBN
12313:ISBN
12288:ISBN
12262:2010
12211:2012
12185:2010
12160:2022
12147:ISBN
12056:ISBN
12010:ISBN
11968:ISBN
11944:ISBN
11920:ISBN
11897:ISBN
11763:2023
11738:2023
11712:2023
11686:2023
11673:ISBN
11652:2023
11639:ISBN
11618:2022
11592:2023
11565:ISSN
11530:2020
11498:ISBN
11465:ISSN
11389:ISBN
11368:ISBN
11348:ISBN
11324:ISBN
11300:ISBN
11240:2017
11227:ISBN
11179:2018
11145:ISSN
11110:2021
11089:ISBN
11060:2020
11009:OCLC
10999:ISBN
10978:2021
10942:2021
10919:2021
10882:ISSN
10804:2018
10793:ISSN
10759:2023
10737:2017
10644:2023
10619:2022
10593:2010
10549:2010
10523:2020
10493:2013
10465:ISBN
10442:2010
10420:2010
10398:2006
10372:2017
10346:2017
10320:2016
10226:2009
10180:2020
10155:2013
10124:2010
10068:ISBN
10047:2020
9995:ISBN
9972:2019
9934:2010
9908:2015
9886:2015
9873:ISBN
9852:2015
9718:ISBN
9670:ISBN
9638:2020
9612:2010
9569:ISBN
9505:ISBN
9481:ISBN
9448:ISSN
9406:ISBN
9366:ISSN
9331:2014
9301:2015
9272:2016
9246:2015
9224:2015
9202:2017
9180:2017
9144:ISBN
9113:ISSN
9072:ISSN
8996:ISSN
8965:2013
8943:2015
8919:2015
8891:ISBN
8870:2013
8844:2015
8804:ISBN
8767:ISBN
8740:ISBN
8719:2022
8681:ISSN
8632:ISBN
8605:ISBN
8578:ISBN
8541:2010
8517:ISBN
8461:ISBN
8437:ISBN
8416:2018
8374:ISSN
8266:ISBN
8248:2024
8237:ISSN
8210:OCLC
8200:ISBN
8179:2019
8143:ISBN
8106:ISBN
8036:ISBN
7978:ISBN
7953:ISBN
7882:ISBN
7861:2013
7828:2014
7814:2014
7786:ISBN
7756:ISBN
7696:2023
7667:ISBN
7639:ISBN
7620:2022
7583:ISSN
7471:PMID
7453:ISSN
7415:ISBN
7391:ISBN
7338:2018
7308:ISSN
7267:ISBN
7242:ISSN
7204:2023
7172:ISBN
7145:2021
7036:The
6880:and
6853:and
6822:and
6759:spin
6748:The
6531:Asia
6230:Semi
6158:Oral
5747:and
5739:and
5706:and
5378:and
5223:and
5180:Oman
5172:Red:
5118:and
4905:and
4852:and
4844:and
4591:The
4477:and
4265:The
4258:and
4209:and
3705:and
3701:are
3599:map
3554:OECD
3312:and
3290:and
3138:and
3136:East
3030:The
3013:Cuba
2995:and
2967:and
2647:The
2580:and
2506:and
2366:was
2350:The
2278:pope
1897:and
1895:just
1819:and
1756:and
1692:and
1637:and
1613:and
624:Asia
323:Semi
251:Oral
29:and
22818:OAS
22763:ESA
22758:EPC
22748:EEA
22653:AER
22558:Law
22536:Neo
22084:Law
22004:Art
21246:Sun
21106:Mao
19982:War
19877:Law
17012:Law
16034:doi
15887:PMC
15877:doi
15873:113
15812:doi
15800:359
15745:doi
15577:doi
15573:681
15533:PMC
15523:doi
15461:doi
15233:doi
15194:,"
15074:doi
14952:doi
14884:doi
14815:doi
14761:doi
14711:doi
14699:369
14666:doi
14639:doi
14602:doi
14567:doi
14509:doi
14431:doi
14385:doi
14355:doi
14341:105
14247:doi
14243:115
14205:doi
14174:doi
14128:hdl
14120:doi
14079:doi
13930:doi
13893:doi
13841:doi
13811:doi
13760:doi
13727:doi
13686:doi
13620:hdl
13612:doi
13494:doi
13455:doi
13384:doi
13323:doi
13258:hdl
13250:doi
13246:127
13216:doi
13157:hdl
13147:doi
13062:doi
12859:doi
12828:doi
12781:doi
12369:doi
12139:doi
11875:doi
11818:doi
11557:doi
11457:doi
11275:doi
11137:doi
11081:doi
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