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1196:, a former Chancellor of the Exchequer, "Whether Goschen was a good Chancellor is more problematical. His main and real achievement was the conversion in 1888 of the core of the national debt from a 3 percent to a 2.75 percent and ultimately 2.5 percent basis. For the rest he was a stolid and uninnovating Chancellor." Professor Thomas Skinner wrote, "Yet there remains a feeling that he failed to accomplish much of what needed to be done".
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In educational subjects
Goschen had always taken the greatest interest, his best known, but by no means his only, contribution to popular culture being his participation in the University Extension Movement. His first efforts in parliament were devoted to advocating the abolition of religious tests
1222:
for the leadership of the party in 1892 following the departure of
Hartington to the House of Lords as the Duke of Devonshire. Unable to work with Chamberlain, Goschen left the Liberal Unionists and joined the Conservatives in 1893. One obvious sign of his change of allegiance within the Unionist
1284:
to the universities. His published works indicate how ably he combined the wise study of economics with a practical instinct for business-like progress, without neglecting the more ideal aspects of human life. In addition to his well-known work on
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1173:. Churchill had assumed he could not be replaced and famously commented that he had "forgotten Goschen" was a potential alternative. Goschen needed a seat in Parliament and so stood in a by-election in the
2034:
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Following the defeat of
Salisbury's government in 1892, Goschen moved into opposition. Though he had been a leading Liberal Unionist as Chancellor of the Exchequer, Goschen did not stand against
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1639:
1871 England Census; Class: RG10; Piece: 1047; Folio: 92; Page: 3; GSU roll: 827483 in conjunction with 1891 England Census; Class: RG12; Piece: 779; Folio: 79; Page: 4; GSU roll: 6095889
1318:
pastor named
Joachimus Gosenius, recorded in 1609. However, it did not prevent his family from being erroneously classed as of Jewish origin in the German genealogical work known as
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question prevented him from voting consistently with his party. With the City of London becoming more
Conservative, Goschen did not stand there at the
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Goschen died on 7 February 1907. He had married, in 1857, Lucy, the daughter of John Dalley, and had 6 children. He was succeeded by his eldest son
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1314:(1903). This culminated a long-standing project to refute allegations of Jewish ancestry, giving his earliest ascertainable ancestor as a
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1243:, 13 August 1881: "This is a Joke-'im Goschen Picture of a Wise Man from the East, at present ascertaining which way the wind blows"
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1291:, he published several financial and political pamphlets and addresses on educational and social subjects, among them being,
1189:
in 1888. He also introduced the first UK road tax, implemented in the form of two vehicle duties, on locomotives and carts.
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of
Hawkhurst, Kent. Though retired from active politics he continued to take a great interest in public affairs, and when
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829:(10 August 1831 – 7 February 1907) was a British statesman and businessman best remembered for being "forgotten" by
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1334:(1866–1952), who was also a Conservative politician, served as Governor of Madras and married the daughter of
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He was born in London, the son of
Wilhelm Heinrich (William Henry) Goschen, who emigrated from
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again conferred upon him the honour of the rectorship in 1888, he received an honorary
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interest, and he was reelected in 1865. In
November of the same year he was appointed
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1601:
The Life and Times of Georg
Joachim Goschen, printer of Leipzig 1752–1828, Volume 1
1256:
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1050:. He failed to retain his seat for Edinburgh at the election in July of that year.
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1980:
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274:
1312:
The Life and Times of George
Joachim Goschen, publisher and printer of Leipzig
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1920:
1703:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 263–264.
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as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from
1046:(afterwards 8th Duke of Devonshire) and became one of the most active of the
1006:. He declined to join Gladstone's government in 1880 and refused the post of
960:
912:
900:″, of Austin Friars, in 1853, and three years later became a director of the
479:
255:
5688:
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Edinburgh constituencies
70:
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he was the only Liberal returned for the City of London, and by a narrow
1002:
in Yorkshire, which he represented until 1885, when he was returned for
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3552:
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1354:
1268:
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Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the City of London
1727:
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3752:
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1771:
The life of George Joachim Goschen, First Viscount Goschen, 1831–1907
1347:
Goschen appears as a minor character in the historical-mystery novel
1822:"Archival material relating to George Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen"
904:. From 1874 to 1880, Goschen was Governor (Company chairman) of the
991:
972:
1680:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1235:
1784:
1736:
George Joachim Goschen: the transformation of a Victorian liberal
1410:
George Joachim Goschen: The Transformation of a Victorian Liberal
1252:
1027:
984:
865:
4515:
1161:
in December 1886, Goschen, though a Liberal Unionist, accepted
1722:
1097:
An Act for reducing the Rate of Interest on the National Debt.
1018:
and Greek frontier questions in 1880 and 1881. He was made an
923:
In 1863 he was returned without opposition as one of the four
1267:
in 1903, Lord Goschen was one of the weightiest champions of
976:
3888:
1211:
in the same year, and he received a similar honour from the
859:
1204:
1580:
5293:
1795:
Portraits of George Joachim Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1223:
alliance was when he joined the exclusively Conservative
809:
caricature of Goschen: "The Theory of Foreign Exchanges"
979:
in 1876 as delegate for the British holders of Egyptian
5703:
Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to the Ottoman Empire
1715:
5613:
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
5603:
Liberal Unionist Party MPs for Scottish constituencies
1435:
5748:
Peers of the United Kingdom created by Queen Victoria
5608:
Liberal Unionist Party MPs for English constituencies
1760:
The Life and Times of Georg Joachim Goschen, Vol. II
1738:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973
1181:. He was then elected for the strongly-Conservative
1790:
contributions in Parliament by the Viscount Goschen
1751:
The Life and Times of Georg Joachim Goschen, Vol. I
868:. His grandfather was the prominent German printer
5733:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
5573:Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom
1467:
1407:
5593:Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
1493:"The speech of the Chancellor of the Exchequer".
908:, North America's oldest company (established by
5698:People educated at Blackheath Proprietary School
5544:
3261:
2340:
955:in December 1868, Goschen joined the cabinet as
1717:(sign in to access books and to link footnotes)
1145:Text of the National Debt (Conversion) Act 1888
1376:I want to be alone. I want to forget Goschen.
1310:He also wrote a biography of his grandfather,
1230:
1053:
918:
856:to allocate funding for Scotland and Ireland.
5279:
4501:
3874:
3247:
2326:
1691:Goschen, George Joachim Goschen, 1st Viscount
1648:
1374:I want to leave behind me all rancid emotion.
27:British statesman and businessman (1831–1907)
983:in 1876, he concluded an agreement with the
814:George Joachim Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen
539:9 February 1887 – 25 September 1900
18:George Joachim Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen
5623:Presidents of the Royal Statistical Society
1251:. He retired in 1900 and was raised to the
987:to arrange for the conversion of the debt.
492:18 December 1900 – 7 February 1907
5286:
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5246:
4508:
4494:
3881:
3867:
3254:
3240:
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2319:
1830:
1801:
1305:President of the Royal Statistical Society
1010:, but he became special ambassador to the
1808:
1568:
1501:
1486:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1274:
1030:in 1884, Goschen was offered the role of
860:Background, education and business career
629:27 April 1880 – 18 November 1885
399:29 November 1865 – 12 March 1866
233:24 March 1871 – 17 February 1874
152:14 January 1887 – 11 August 1892
3890:Paymasters General of the United Kingdom
3221:Interim Chancellor of the Exchequer, as
1685:
1586:
1524:"Car tax disc to be axed after 93 years"
1454:
1234:
799:
584:18 December 1885 – 26 June 1886
287:3 December 1868 – 24 March 1871
98:29 June 1895 – 12 November 1900
5578:Chancellors of the University of Oxford
1607:
1598:
1592:
1540:
1405:
341:26 January 1866 – 26 June 1866
14:
5628:Rectors of the University of Edinburgh
5545:
2262:Chancellor of the University of Oxford
1482:from the original on 10 December 2022.
1414:. Cambridge University Press. p.
1388:
1341:
959:, until March 1871, when he succeeded
5693:Governors of the Hudson's Bay Company
5633:Rectors of the University of Aberdeen
5568:Chancellors of the Duchy of Lancaster
5296:Rectors of the University of Aberdeen
5267:
4489:
3862:
3235:
2314:
2235:Rector of the University of Edinburgh
1810:"Goschen, George Joachim (GSCN888GJ)"
1570:"Goschen, George Joachim (GSCN888GJ)"
1548:. London: Macmillan. pp. 79–80.
1138:Text of statute as originally enacted
2095:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
945:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
937:Vice-President of the Board of Trade
674:2 June 1863 – 24 March 1880
387:Vice-President of the Board of Trade
329:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
32:George Goschen, 2nd Viscount Goschen
1615:"NOBLE FAMILIES OF JEWISH ANCESTRY"
1406:Spinner, Thomas J. (26 July 1973).
1177:but was defeated by seven votes in
1067:National Debt (Conversion) Act 1888
947:, with a seat in the cabinet. When
896:. He entered his father's firm of ″
24:
1773:. 2v. London: Longmans Green, 1911
1708:
1544:(1998). "George Joachim Goschen".
1469:"Tidy up the mess the Goschen way"
1294:The Cultivation of the Imagination
943:, and in January 1866 he was made
25:
5764:
1799:National Portrait Gallery, London
1777:
5723:British people of German descent
5683:UK MPs who were granted peerages
5353:Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal
5245:
5234:
5233:
4474:
3350:
3287:William Juxon, Bishop of Lincoln
1842:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1673:
1599:Goschen, George Joachim (1903).
1085:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1078:
990:In 1878 his views on the county
69:
5618:People educated at Rugby School
5563:Alumni of Oriel College, Oxford
2122:President of the Poor Law Board
1642:
1633:
1325:
1297:, Liverpool, 1877, and that on
1288:The Theory of Foreign Exchanges
1175:Liverpool Exchange constituency
1032:Speaker of the House of Commons
998:, but was instead returned for
957:President of the Poor Law Board
275:President of the Poor Law Board
5743:Presidents of the Oxford Union
5738:Fellows of the British Academy
5438:Admiral Sir Rhoderick McGrigor
1754:, New York: G. P. Putnam, 1903
1562:
1534:
1516:
1460:
1428:– via Internet Archive.
1247:From 1895 to 1900 Goschen was
13:
1:
5188:(resigned Feb 2010; replaced
4572:The Lord Monteagle of Brandon
2280:Peerage of the United Kingdom
1763:, New York: G.P. Putnam, 1903
1508:"The Excise Duties (Local)".
1381:
1360:He is referenced in the poem
852:, in 1888, he introduced the
5588:First Lords of the Admiralty
5583:Fellows of the Royal Society
3263:First Lords of the Admiralty
2342:Chancellors of the Exchequer
2272:The Lord Curzon of Kedleston
476:Member of the House of Lords
7:
3738:The Viscount Lee of Fareham
2203:First Lord of the Admiralty
2176:Chancellor of the Exchequer
2149:First Lord of the Admiralty
1814:A Cambridge Alumni Database
1574:A Cambridge Alumni Database
1249:First Lord of the Admiralty
1231:Political career, 1895–1907
1183:St George's, Hanover Square
1171:Chancellor of the Exchequer
1054:Political career, 1885–1895
1020:Ecclesiastical Commissioner
965:First Lord of the Admiralty
919:Political career, 1863–1885
884:, where he took a first in
850:Chancellor of the Exchequer
221:First Lord of the Admiralty
187:Sir William Vernon Harcourt
140:Chancellor of the Exchequer
86:First Lord of the Admiralty
34:. For his grandfather, see
10:
5769:
5728:Deputy lieutenants of Kent
5598:Scottish Liberal Party MPs
5393:Viscount Cecil of Chelwood
4799:Jervoise Athelstane Baines
3608:The Duke of Northumberland
3292:The Earl of Northumberland
1911:Baron Lionel de Rothschild
1896:Baron Lionel de Rothschild
1851:Baron Lionel de Rothschild
1816:. University of Cambridge.
1576:. University of Cambridge.
1165:'s invitation to join his
1131:Status: Partially repealed
1060:United Kingdom legislation
29:
5303:
5229:
5153:
4760:
4560:The Marquess of Lansdowne
4536:The Marquess of Lansdowne
4527:
4521:Royal Statistical Society
4472:
3896:
3505:
3359:
3348:
3269:
3216:
2812:
2616:
2348:
2299:
2290:
2285:
2278:
2268:
2259:
2255:The Marquess of Salisbury
2251:
2241:
2232:
2224:
2219:
2209:
2200:
2192:
2182:
2173:
2165:
2155:
2146:
2138:
2128:
2119:
2111:
2101:
2092:
2084:
2074:
2065:
2057:
2052:
2042:
2030:St George, Hanover Square
2028:Member of Parliament for
2026:
2018:
2008:
1994:Member of Parliament for
1992:
1987:
1977:
1963:Member of Parliament for
1961:
1953:
1931:
1869:Member of Parliament for
1867:
1847:
1840:
1303:, Aberdeen, 1888. He was
1143:
1136:
1129:
1119:
1114:
1101:
1091:
1077:
1072:
1065:
1038:. When Gladstone adopted
794:
790:
786:
774:
764:
746:
732:
715:
710:
706:
690:
678:
667:
657:
645:
633:
622:
612:
600:
588:
577:
567:
555:
543:
532:
522:
510:
496:
485:
474:
470:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
427:
415:
403:
392:
381:
369:
357:
345:
334:
327:
315:
303:
291:
280:
273:
261:
249:
237:
226:
219:
215:
204:
200:
196:
192:
180:
168:
163:The Marquess of Salisbury
156:
145:
138:
126:
114:
109:The Marquess of Salisbury
102:
91:
84:
80:
68:
45:
5413:Admiral Sir Edward Evans
4811:Francis Ysidro Edgeworth
3593:The Earl of Ellenborough
1322:, first published 1913.
5509:Clarissa Dickson Wright
5453:Brigadier Sir John Hunt
5358:Charles Thomson Ritchie
4638:William Ewart Gladstone
3758:The Viscount Chelmsford
3392:The Viscount Torrington
3337:The Earl of Bridgewater
2228:The Marquess of Lothian
2169:Lord Randolph Churchill
1700:Encyclopædia Britannica
1213:University of Edinburgh
1209:University of Cambridge
1159:Lord Randolph Churchill
1014:, where he settled the
831:Lord Randolph Churchill
527:Westminster St George's
298:William Ewart Gladstone
244:William Ewart Gladstone
175:Lord Randolph Churchill
5532:Martina Chukwuma-Ezike
5139:Robert Nicholas Curnow
4905:Henry William Macrosty
4863:The Viscount D'Abernon
4775:Sir Francis Powell, Bt
4769:Patrick George Craigie
4620:Sir John Pakington, Bt
3773:Sir Austen Chamberlain
3763:The Viscount Bridgeman
3663:The Earl of Northbrook
3633:Sir John Pakington, Bt
3623:Sir John Pakington, Bt
3603:Sir Francis Baring, Bt
3588:The Earl of Haddington
3513:The Earl of St Vincent
3427:The Earl of Winchilsea
3402:The Earl of Winchilsea
3312:The Earl of Torrington
3307:The Earl of Nottingham
1886:Robert Wigram Crawford
1859:Robert Wigram Crawford
1379:
1275:Other public positions
1271:on the Unionist side.
1265:tariff reform movement
1244:
1201:University of Aberdeen
1157:On the resignation of
898:Frühling & Göschen
872:. He was educated at
810:
465:Parliamentary offices
5713:Politics of Edinburgh
5037:George Alfred Barnard
4941:Sir Geoffrey Heyworth
4793:Sir Charles Dilke, Bt
4734:Alfred Edmund Bateman
4704:Thomas Graham Balfour
4542:Sir Charles Lemon, Bt
3833:The Viscount Hailsham
3673:The Marquess of Ripon
3558:The Viscount Melville
3548:The Viscount Melville
3518:The Viscount Melville
3506:of the United Kingdom
3377:The Earl of Strafford
3327:The Viscount Falkland
2358:Eustace of Fauconberg
2088:The Earl of Clarendon
1724:The Times (of London)
1371:
1300:Intellectual Interest
1280:and the admission of
1238:
1040:Home Rule for Ireland
996:1880 general election
969:1874 general election
882:Oriel College, Oxford
870:Georg Joachim Göschen
833:. He was initially a
803:
781:Oriel College, Oxford
364:The Earl of Clarendon
36:Georg Joachim Göschen
5457:Frank George Thomson
5363:Sir Frederick Treves
4947:Austin Bradford Hill
4823:Lord George Hamilton
4805:Lord George Hamilton
4728:John Biddulph Martin
4602:The Earl of Harrowby
4596:The Earl FitzWilliam
4584:The Earl of Harrowby
4578:The Earl FitzWilliam
4548:The Earl FitzWilliam
3783:Sir Samuel Hoare, Bt
3778:The Viscount Monsell
3693:The Earl of Selborne
3678:Lord George Hamilton
3668:Lord George Hamilton
3628:The Duke of Somerset
3618:Sir Charles Wood, Bt
3613:Sir James Graham, Bt
3598:The Earl of Auckland
3563:Sir James Graham, Bt
3553:The Duke of Clarence
3543:Charles Philip Yorke
3467:The Earl of Sandwich
3457:Sir Charles Saunders
3447:The Earl of Sandwich
3412:The Earl of Sandwich
3387:The Earl of Berkeley
3342:The Earl of Pembroke
3317:The Earl of Pembroke
3277:The Earl of Portland
2213:The Earl of Selborne
2186:Sir William Harcourt
1826:UK National Archives
1364:by New Zealand poet
906:Hudson's Bay Company
658:Member of Parliament
613:Member of Parliament
595:Constituency created
568:Member of Parliament
523:Member of Parliament
517:2nd Viscount Goschen
376:Thomas Edward Taylor
133:The Earl of Selborne
75:George Goschen, 1883
52:The Viscount Goschen
48:The Right Honourable
5418:Sir Stafford Cripps
5323:Thomas Henry Huxley
5215:David Spiegelhalter
4923:Ernest Charles Snow
4668:George Shaw-Lefevre
4626:William Henry Sykes
3843:The Lord Carrington
3838:The Earl of Selkirk
3703:The Lord Tweedmouth
3658:William Henry Smith
3492:The Earl of Chatham
3482:The Viscount Keppel
3472:The Viscount Keppel
3437:The Earl of Halifax
3407:The Duke of Bedford
3322:The Lord Cornwallis
3297:The Lord Cottington
3282:The Earl of Lindsey
2022:Lord Algernon Percy
1734:Thomas J. Spinner:
1621:on 9 September 2012
1589:, pp. 263–264.
1342:Cultural references
1042:, Goschen followed
841:before joining the
550:Lord Algernon Percy
206:Ministerial offices
5398:Earl of Birkenhead
5348:Marquess of Huntly
4989:Joseph Oscar Irwin
4899:Arthur Lyon Bowley
4781:The Earl of Onslow
4590:The Lord Overstone
3828:Viscount Cilcennin
3452:The Earl of Egmont
3382:The Earl of Orford
3367:The Earl of Orford
3332:The Earl of Orford
3223:Lord Chief Justice
2245:The Lord Robertson
2053:Political offices
1891:Sir James Duke, Bt
1855:Sir James Duke, Bt
1654:"Away from It All"
1530:. 5 December 2013.
1245:
1227:in the same year.
1220:Joseph Chamberlain
1149:legislation.gov.uk
1026:was raised to the
886:Literae Humaniores
843:Conservative Party
811:
562:Hon. Heneage Legge
5753:Viscounts Goschen
5540:
5539:
5518:Stephen Robertson
5480:Robert Perryment
5378:Winston Churchill
5261:
5260:
5186:Bernard Silverman
5127:D. J. Bartholomew
4995:Sir Paul Chambers
4917:William Beveridge
4833:Registrar General
4710:Frederic J. Mouat
4632:The Lord Houghton
4614:Lord John Russell
4483:
4482:
3946:Pleydell-Bouverie
3856:
3855:
3848:The Earl Jellicoe
3818:The Viscount Hall
3798:Winston Churchill
3793:The Earl Stanhope
3723:Sir Edward Carson
3713:Winston Churchill
3638:Henry Lowry-Corry
3583:The Earl of Minto
3578:The Lord Auckland
3568:The Lord Auckland
3538:The Lord Mulgrave
3487:The Viscount Howe
3477:The Viscount Howe
3397:Sir Charles Wager
3229:
3228:
2309:
2308:
2300:Succeeded by
2269:Succeeded by
2242:Succeeded by
2220:Academic offices
2210:Succeeded by
2183:Succeeded by
2156:Succeeded by
2129:Succeeded by
2115:The Earl of Devon
2105:The Earl of Devon
2102:Succeeded by
2075:Succeeded by
2068:Paymaster General
2043:Succeeded by
2009:Succeeded by
1978:Succeeded by
1947:Sir Robert Fowler
1932:Succeeded by
1757:Goschen, George:
1748:Goschen, George:
1650:A. R. D. Fairburn
1366:A. R. D. Fairburn
1155:
1154:
1108:51 & 52 Vict.
1073:Act of Parliament
1048:Liberal Unionists
941:Paymaster General
798:
797:
702:
701:
439:
438:
383:Paymaster General
310:The Earl of Devon
30:For his son, see
16:(Redirected from
5760:
5678:UK MPs 1895–1900
5673:UK MPs 1892–1895
5668:UK MPs 1886–1892
5663:UK MPs 1885–1886
5658:UK MPs 1880–1885
5653:UK MPs 1874–1880
5648:UK MPs 1868–1874
5643:UK MPs 1865–1868
5638:UK MPs 1859–1865
5471:Iain Cuthbertson
5428:Baron Tweedsmuir
5403:Sir Arthur Keith
5388:Sir Robert Horne
5383:Viscount Cowdray
5343:Viscount Goschen
5333:Earl of Rosebery
5318:M. E. Grant Duff
5297:
5288:
5281:
5274:
5265:
5264:
5249:
5248:
5237:
5236:
5145:Denise Lievesley
5031:Bernard Benjamin
5019:Arthur Cockfield
5001:L. H. C. Tippett
4929:The Lord Woolton
4875:Sir Josiah Stamp
4752:The Lord Avebury
4740:Leonard Courtney
4692:Rawson W. Rawson
4644:William Newmarch
4510:
4503:
4496:
4487:
4486:
4478:
4477:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3860:
3859:
3708:Reginald McKenna
3683:The Earl Spencer
3653:George Ward Hunt
3573:The Earl de Grey
3533:Thomas Grenville
3497:The Earl Spencer
3462:Sir Edward Hawke
3442:George Grenville
3360:of Great Britain
3354:
3353:
3302:Sir Henry Capell
3256:
3249:
3242:
3233:
3232:
2618:of Great Britain
2335:
2328:
2321:
2312:
2311:
2293:Viscount Goschen
2252:Preceded by
2225:Preceded by
2196:The Earl Spencer
2193:Preceded by
2166:Preceded by
2159:George Ward Hunt
2139:Preceded by
2112:Preceded by
2085:Preceded by
2061:Sir William Hutt
2058:Preceded by
2019:Preceded by
1989:New constituency
1954:Preceded by
1943:William Lawrence
1901:William Lawrence
1848:Preceded by
1838:
1837:
1834:
1829:
1817:
1805:
1767:Arthur D. Elliot
1704:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1646:
1640:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1617:. Archived from
1611:
1605:
1604:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1512:. 27 March 1888.
1505:
1499:
1498:
1497:. 27 March 1888.
1490:
1484:
1483:
1478:. 20 July 2011.
1471:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1433:
1432:
1413:
1403:
1362:Away from It All
1257:Viscount Goschen
1239:Caricature from
1082:
1081:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1008:Viceroy of India
975:. Being sent to
839:Liberal Unionist
828:
755:Liberal Unionist
739:
725:
723:
711:Personal details
697:William Lawrence
693:
681:
672:
648:
636:
627:
603:
591:
582:
558:
546:
537:
513:
499:
490:
461:
460:
430:
418:
410:The Earl Russell
406:
397:
372:
360:
352:The Earl Russell
348:
339:
318:
306:
294:
285:
268:George Ward Hunt
264:
252:
240:
231:
210:
202:
201:
183:
171:
159:
150:
129:
121:The Earl Spencer
117:
105:
96:
73:
43:
42:
21:
5768:
5767:
5763:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5758:
5757:
5543:
5542:
5541:
5536:
5522:Maitland Mackie
5504:Allan Macartney
5466:Michael Barratt
5373:Andrew Carnegie
5308:Edward Maitland
5299:
5295:
5292:
5262:
5257:
5225:
5149:
5073:Sir Claus Moser
5061:Stella Cunliffe
4983:Maurice Kendall
4959:The Lord Piercy
4893:The Lord Kennet
4887:Major Greenwood
4881:The Lord Meston
4869:A. William Flux
4851:The Lord Emmott
4756:
4722:The Lord Farrer
4554:Viscount Sandon
4523:
4514:
4484:
4479:
4475:
4470:
4376:Heathcoat-Amory
4101:Compton-Rickett
3892:
3887:
3857:
3852:
3813:A. V. Alexander
3808:Brendan Bracken
3803:A. V. Alexander
3768:A. V. Alexander
3728:Sir Eric Geddes
3698:The Earl Cawdor
3528:Viscount Howick
3523:The Lord Barham
3501:
3422:The Earl Temple
3355:
3351:
3346:
3265:
3260:
3230:
3225:
3212:
3098:Heathcoat-Amory
2815:
2808:
2612:
2344:
2339:
2305:
2296:
2274:
2265:
2257:
2247:
2238:
2230:
2215:
2206:
2198:
2188:
2179:
2171:
2161:
2152:
2144:
2134:
2132:James Stansfeld
2125:
2117:
2107:
2098:
2090:
2080:
2078:William Monsell
2071:
2063:
2048:
2033:
2024:
2014:
1999:
1983:
1968:
1959:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1882:
1874:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1820:
1780:
1711:
1709:Further reading
1674:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1658:
1656:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1624:
1622:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1597:
1593:
1585:
1581:
1567:
1563:
1556:
1546:The Chancellors
1539:
1535:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1475:Financial Times
1466:
1465:
1461:
1453:
1436:
1426:
1404:
1389:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1344:
1328:
1277:
1233:
1132:
1087:
1079:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1044:Lord Hartington
1024:Sir Henry Brand
921:
902:Bank of England
862:
854:Goschen formula
816:
757:
753:
747:Political party
742:London, England
741:
737:
736:7 February 1907
728:London, England
727:
721:
719:
691:
679:
673:
668:
659:
646:
634:
628:
623:
614:
601:
589:
583:
578:
569:
556:
544:
538:
533:
524:
511:
504:Peerage created
497:
491:
486:
478:
466:
434:William Monsell
428:
416:
404:
398:
393:
385:
370:
358:
346:
340:
335:
322:James Stansfeld
316:
304:
292:
286:
281:
262:
250:
238:
232:
227:
211:
208:
207:
181:
169:
157:
151:
146:
127:
115:
103:
97:
92:
76:
64:
53:
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5766:
5756:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5718:Goschen family
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5534:
5529:
5527:Maggie Chapman
5524:
5519:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5489:Willis Pickard
5486:
5481:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5443:John Bannerman
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5423:Eric Linklater
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5338:Alexander Bain
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5291:
5290:
5283:
5276:
5268:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5255:
5243:
5230:
5227:
5226:
5224:
5223:
5217:
5211:
5205:
5203:John Pullinger
5199:
5193:
5192:by David Hand)
5182:
5176:
5170:
5164:
5157:
5155:
5151:
5150:
5148:
5147:
5141:
5135:
5129:
5123:
5121:T. M. F. Smith
5117:
5115:Peter G. Moore
5111:
5105:
5099:
5093:
5087:
5085:Peter Armitage
5081:
5075:
5069:
5063:
5057:
5051:
5045:
5039:
5033:
5027:
5025:R. G. D. Allen
5021:
5015:
5009:
5007:M. S. Bartlett
5003:
4997:
4991:
4985:
4979:
4973:
4967:
4961:
4955:
4949:
4943:
4937:
4931:
4925:
4919:
4913:
4907:
4901:
4895:
4889:
4883:
4877:
4871:
4865:
4859:
4853:
4847:
4841:
4839:Herbert Samuel
4835:
4829:Bernard Mallet
4825:
4819:
4817:The Lord Welby
4813:
4807:
4801:
4795:
4789:
4787:Richard Martin
4783:
4777:
4771:
4764:
4762:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4748:
4742:
4736:
4730:
4724:
4718:
4712:
4706:
4700:
4698:George Goschen
4694:
4688:
4682:
4676:
4674:Thomas Brassey
4670:
4664:
4658:
4652:
4646:
4640:
4634:
4628:
4622:
4616:
4610:
4604:
4598:
4592:
4586:
4580:
4574:
4568:
4562:
4556:
4550:
4544:
4538:
4531:
4529:
4525:
4524:
4513:
4512:
4505:
4498:
4490:
4481:
4480:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4466:Thomas-Symonds
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4276:Boyd-Carpenter
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4126:Boyd-Carpenter
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3886:
3885:
3878:
3871:
3863:
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3718:Arthur Balfour
3715:
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3700:
3695:
3690:
3688:George Goschen
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3648:George Goschen
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3432:The Lord Anson
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3417:The Lord Anson
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
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3372:Sir John Leake
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3048:N. Chamberlain
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3028:N. Chamberlain
3025:
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3015:
3013:A. Chamberlain
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2020:
2016:
2015:
2012:Robert Wallace
2010:
2007:
1996:Edinburgh East
1991:
1985:
1984:
1981:William Harker
1979:
1976:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1950:
1939:William Cotton
1933:
1930:
1916:William Cotton
1871:City of London
1866:
1849:
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1792:
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1778:External links
1776:
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1695:Chisholm, Hugh
1687:Chisholm, Hugh
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1036:foreign policy
1022:in 1882. When
1004:Edinburgh East
953:prime minister
929:City of London
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888:and served as
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5433:Jimmy Edwards
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5408:Walter Elliot
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5368:H. H. Asquith
5366:
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5328:W. E. Forster
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5221:Deborah Ashby
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4716:Charles Booth
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4686:Robert Giffen
4683:
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4121:Joynson-Hicks
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2197:
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2177:
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2164:
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2151:
2150:
2143:
2142:Hugh Childers
2137:
2133:
2124:
2123:
2116:
2110:
2106:
2097:
2096:
2089:
2083:
2079:
2070:
2069:
2062:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2046:Heneage Legge
2040:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2023:
2017:
2013:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1958:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1929:
1927:
1922:
1921:Philip Twells
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1881:
1877:
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1864:
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1772:
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1765:
1762:
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1756:
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1752:
1747:
1745:
1744:0-521-20210-8
1741:
1737:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1712:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1682:public domain
1671:
1670:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1636:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1587:Chisholm 1911
1583:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1557:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1537:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1511:
1504:
1496:
1489:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1455:Chisholm 1911
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1425:9780521202107
1421:
1417:
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1242:
1237:
1228:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1192:According to
1190:
1188:
1187:National Debt
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1128:
1125:27 March 1888
1124:
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1118:
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1106:
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1096:
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986:
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966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
916:
914:
913:royal charter
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
857:
855:
851:
846:
844:
840:
836:
832:
827:
823:
819:
815:
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793:
789:
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749:
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731:
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531:
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489:
484:
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480:Lord Temporal
477:
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469:
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458:
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311:
308:
302:
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290:
284:
279:
276:
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269:
266:
260:
257:
256:Hugh Childers
254:
248:
245:
242:
236:
230:
225:
222:
218:
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203:
199:
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95:
90:
87:
83:
79:
72:
67:
63:
60:
57:
49:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5514:Robin Harper
5499:Ian Hamilton
5342:
5313:Earl Russell
5250:
5238:
5209:Peter Diggle
5189:
5154:21st century
5133:Adrian Smith
5109:John Kingman
5103:James Durbin
5049:D. J. Finney
4965:Egon Pearson
4845:R. Henry Rew
4761:20th century
4746:Henry Fowler
4697:
4650:William Farr
4608:Lord Stanley
4528:19th century
4285:
4250:
4215:
4195:
4185:
4155:
4135:
4110:
3980:
3687:
3647:
3218:
3093:Thorneycroft
3038:W. Churchill
2998:Lloyd George
2967:
2963:R. Churchill
2860:
2838:
2788:Ellenborough
2786:
2722:Bilson-Legge
2714:
2710:Bilson-Legge
2700:Bilson-Legge
2692:
2670:
2291:
2287:New creation
2286:
2260:
2233:
2201:
2174:
2147:
2120:
2093:
2066:
2027:
1993:
1988:
1962:
1957:Earl de Grey
1935:John Hubbard
1926:John Hubbard
1906:Charles Bell
1884:
1868:
1863:Western Wood
1813:
1783:
1770:
1759:
1750:
1735:
1728:
1723:
1716:
1714:Archive.org
1698:
1657:. Retrieved
1644:
1635:
1625:25 September
1623:. Retrieved
1619:the original
1609:
1603:. p. 3.
1600:
1594:
1582:
1573:
1564:
1545:
1542:Jenkins, Roy
1536:
1527:
1518:
1509:
1503:
1494:
1488:
1473:
1462:
1429:
1409:
1373:
1361:
1350:Stone's Fall
1348:
1329:
1326:Private life
1319:
1311:
1309:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1278:
1263:started his
1246:
1240:
1225:Carlton Club
1217:
1198:
1191:
1179:January 1887
1156:
1121:Royal assent
1057:
989:
922:
894:Oxford Union
863:
847:
813:
812:
805:
769:Rugby School
759:Conservative
738:(1907-02-07)
692:Succeeded by
685:Western Wood
669:
647:Succeeded by
640:Earl de Grey
624:
602:Succeeded by
594:
579:
557:Succeeded by
534:
512:Succeeded by
502:
487:
429:Succeeded by
422:William Hutt
394:
371:Succeeded by
336:
317:Succeeded by
282:
263:Succeeded by
228:
182:Succeeded by
147:
128:Succeeded by
93:
40:
5558:1907 deaths
5553:1831 births
5484:Hamish Watt
5448:Peter Scott
5168:Andy Grieve
5162:Peter Green
5097:John Nelder
5013:Frank Yates
4977:Hugh Beaver
4935:David Heron
4911:Hector Leak
4680:James Caird
4656:William Guy
4566:Lord Ashley
4116:Chamberlain
4066:Marlborough
4056:Seale-Hayne
3956:Donoughmore
3788:Duff Cooper
3733:Walter Long
2978:Hicks Beach
2953:Hicks Beach
2873:Spring Rice
2373:Westminster
1788:1803–2005:
1307:, 1886–88.
1261:Chamberlain
1194:Roy Jenkins
1016:Montenegrin
806:Vanity Fair
680:Preceded by
635:Preceded by
590:Preceded by
545:Preceded by
498:Preceded by
417:Preceded by
359:Preceded by
305:Preceded by
251:Preceded by
170:Preceded by
116:Preceded by
5547:Categories
5494:Colin Bell
5476:Sandy Gall
5461:Jo Grimond
5213:2017–2018
5207:2014–2016
5201:2013–2014
5195:2011–2012
5184:2010–2010
5180:David Hand
5178:2008–2009
5172:2005–2007
5166:2003–2005
5160:2001–2003
5143:1999–2001
5137:1997–1999
5131:1995–1997
5125:1993–1995
5119:1991–1993
5113:1989–1991
5107:1987–1989
5101:1986–1987
5095:1985–1986
5089:1984–1985
5083:1982–1984
5077:1980–1982
5071:1978–1980
5067:Henry Wynn
5065:1977–1978
5059:1975–1977
5053:1974–1975
5047:1973–1974
5041:1972–1973
5035:1971–1972
5029:1970–1971
5023:1969–1970
5017:1968–1969
5011:1967–1968
5005:1966–1967
4999:1965–1966
4993:1964–1965
4987:1962–1964
4981:1960–1962
4975:1959–1960
4969:1957–1959
4963:1955–1957
4957:1954–1955
4951:1952–1954
4945:1950–1952
4939:1949–1950
4933:1947–1949
4927:1945–1947
4921:1943–1945
4915:1941–1943
4903:1940–1941
4897:1938–1940
4891:1936–1938
4885:1934–1936
4879:1932–1934
4873:1930–1932
4867:1928–1930
4861:1926–1928
4855:1924–1926
4849:1922–1924
4843:1920–1922
4837:1918–1920
4827:1916–1918
4821:1915–1916
4815:1914–1915
4809:1912–1914
4803:1910–1912
4797:1909–1910
4791:1907–1909
4785:1906–1907
4779:1905–1906
4773:1904–1905
4767:1902–1904
4750:1900–1902
4744:1899–1900
4738:1897–1899
4726:1896–1897
4720:1894–1896
4714:1892–1894
4708:1890–1892
4702:1888–1890
4696:1886–1888
4690:1884–1886
4684:1882–1884
4678:1880–1882
4672:1879–1880
4666:1877–1879
4660:1875–1877
4654:1873–1875
4648:1871–1873
4642:1869–1871
4636:1867–1869
4630:1865–1867
4624:1863–1865
4618:1861–1863
4612:1859–1861
4606:1857–1859
4600:1855–1857
4594:1853–1855
4588:1851–1853
4582:1849–1851
4576:1847–1849
4570:1845–1847
4564:1843–1845
4558:1842–1843
4552:1840–1842
4546:1838–1840
4540:1836–1838
4534:1834–1836
4517:Presidents
4291:Shackleton
4141:Sutherland
3936:Colchester
3911:Knatchbull
3270:of England
2824:Vansittart
2804:Vansittart
2742:Dowdeswell
2727:Barrington
2558:Cottington
2428:Harvington
2403:Willoughby
2398:de la Leye
2388:G. Giffard
2383:W. Giffard
2350:of England
2297:1900–1907
2266:1903–1907
2239:1890–1893
2207:1895–1900
2180:1887–1892
2153:1871–1874
2126:1868–1871
2072:1865–1866
1928:1874–1880
1555:0333730577
1382:References
1355:Iain Pears
1282:Dissenters
1269:free trade
1093:Long title
915:in 1670).
776:Alma mater
722:1831-08-10
5079:David Cox
4857:Udny Yule
4416:B. Gummer
4396:Primarolo
4356:Caithness
4351:P. Brooke
4341:J. Gummer
4336:Parkinson
4311:Macmillan
4271:H. Brooke
4236:Macdonald
4221:Greenwood
4191:Cranborne
4181:Winterton
4171:Hutchison
4166:Rochester
4096:Henderson
4036:Beauchamp
4026:Beauchamp
4021:Wolverton
3926:Granville
3753:Leo Amery
3113:Callaghan
3088:Macmillan
3078:Gaitskell
2943:Gladstone
2938:Northcote
2933:Gladstone
2913:Gladstone
2898:Gladstone
2840:Tenterden
2777:Addington
2767:Cavendish
2757:Cavendish
2747:Townshend
2737:Grenville
2716:Mansfield
2705:Lyttelton
2563:Colepeper
2528:Fortescue
2518:Sackville
2438:Stratford
2433:Wodehouse
2368:Leicester
1923:1874–1880
1918:1874–1880
1913:1869–1874
1908:1868–1869
1903:1865–1874
1898:1863–1868
1893:1863–1865
1888:1863–1874
1689:(1911). "
1510:The Times
1495:The Times
1215:in 1890.
1207:from the
992:franchise
967:. In the
949:Gladstone
890:President
880:, and at
845:in 1893.
837:, then a
765:Education
670:In office
625:In office
580:In office
535:In office
488:In office
395:In office
337:In office
283:In office
229:In office
209:1865–1874
148:In office
94:In office
5240:Category
5174:Tim Holt
4436:Mordaunt
4406:F. Maude
4391:Robinson
4381:Willetts
4366:Belstead
4326:A. Maude
4321:Williams
4261:Maulding
4256:Monckton
4241:Cherwell
4226:Marquand
4211:Cherwell
4086:Strachie
4071:Crossley
4061:Hopetoun
4041:Brownlow
4001:Childers
3996:Dufferin
3921:Macaulay
3748:Anderson
3198:Kwarteng
3108:Maudling
3063:Anderson
2973:Harcourt
2958:Harcourt
2948:Childers
2918:Disraeli
2908:Disraeli
2893:Disraeli
2883:Goulburn
2851:Goulburn
2829:Robinson
2799:Perceval
2732:Dashwood
2666:Aislabie
2661:Stanhope
2578:Duncombe
2548:Portland
2543:Greville
2508:Cromwell
2478:Thwaites
2463:Somerset
2408:Benstead
2393:Chishull
2378:Chishull
2363:Maunsell
1729:archives
1659:11 April
1528:BBC News
1480:Archived
1316:Lutheran
1167:ministry
1103:Citation
973:majority
961:Childers
927:for the
5190:pro tem
4519:of the
4411:Hancock
4246:Selkirk
4231:Addison
4176:Munster
4161:Walters
4131:Gosling
4106:Walters
4076:Causton
4051:Windsor
4031:Thurlow
4016:Plunket
3986:Monsell
3981:Goschen
3961:Lovaine
3941:Stanley
3931:Stanley
3906:Stanley
3901:Parnell
3219:Italic:
3178:Hammond
3173:Osborne
3168:Darling
3123:Macleod
3118:Jenkins
3043:Snowden
3033:Snowden
3023:Baldwin
3003:McKenna
2993:Asquith
2983:Ritchie
2968:Goschen
2856:Althorp
2846:Herries
2834:Canning
2814:of the
2678:Walpole
2656:Walpole
2646:Wyndham
2598:Montagu
2593:Hampden
2588:Delamer
2553:Barrett
2523:Mildmay
2503:Berners
2493:Catesby
2453:Barnham
2423:Stanton
2413:Sandale
1797:at the
1785:Hansard
1697:(ed.).
1684::
1253:peerage
1028:peerage
985:Khedive
951:became
933:Liberal
931:in the
910:English
892:of the
866:Leipzig
835:Liberal
751:Liberal
5219:2019–
4431:Dowden
4426:Norman
4421:Stride
4401:Jowell
4346:Clarke
4306:Eccles
4286:vacant
4251:vacant
4216:vacant
4206:Jowitt
4201:Hankey
4196:vacant
4186:vacant
4156:vacant
4151:Arnold
4146:Onslow
4136:vacant
4111:vacant
4091:Newton
4046:Jersey
3971:Cowper
3966:Wilson
3916:Baring
3208:Reeves
3193:Zahawi
3158:Clarke
3153:Lamont
3143:Lawson
3133:Healey
3128:Barber
3083:Butler
3073:Cripps
3068:Dalton
2878:Baring
2862:Denman
2688:Pelham
2683:Sandys
2651:Onslow
2641:Benson
2636:Harley
2573:Ashley
2538:Caesar
2533:Dunbar
2498:Lovell
2488:Fowler
2483:Witham
2473:Witham
2468:Browne
2448:Ashton
2418:Hotham
1883:With:
1742:
1693:". In
1678:
1552:
1422:
1332:George
876:under
848:While
4909:1941
4732:1897
4451:Philp
4446:Argar
4441:Ellis
4386:Bates
4361:Ryder
4301:Lever
4266:Mills
4081:Ashby
3188:Sunak
3183:Javid
3163:Brown
3148:Major
3103:Lloyd
3053:Simon
3018:Horne
2903:Lewis
2794:Petty
2752:North
2672:Pratt
2631:Smith
2626:Boyle
2608:Boyle
2603:Smith
2583:Ernle
2513:Baker
2458:Somer
2443:Ashby
2099:1866
1965:Ripon
1430:July.
1353:, by
1241:Punch
1115:Dates
1012:Porte
1000:Ripon
981:bonds
977:Cairo
874:Rugby
824:
820:
617:Ripon
5252:List
4461:Glen
4456:Quin
4371:Cope
4316:Dell
4296:Hart
4281:Wigg
4011:Cave
4006:Adam
3991:Cave
3976:Hutt
3951:Lowe
3743:Wood
3203:Hunt
3138:Howe
3058:Wood
2928:Lowe
2923:Hunt
2888:Wood
2868:Peel
2782:Pitt
2772:Pitt
2762:Pitt
2568:Hyde
2039:1900
2035:1887
2005:1886
2001:1885
1974:1885
1970:1880
1880:1880
1876:1863
1740:ISBN
1661:2015
1627:2012
1550:ISBN
1420:ISBN
1205:LL.D
1199:The
1110:c. 2
939:and
878:Tait
733:Died
716:Born
660:for
615:for
570:for
525:for
4331:Pym
3008:Law
2694:Lee
1255:as
1169:as
963:as
925:MPs
826:FBA
62:FBA
5549::
4831:,
1824:.
1812:.
1769::
1652:.
1572:.
1526:.
1472:.
1437:^
1418:.
1390:^
1338:.
822:DL
818:PC
59:DL
56:PC
5287:e
5280:t
5273:v
4509:e
4502:t
4495:v
3882:e
3875:t
3868:v
3255:e
3248:t
3241:v
2334:e
2327:t
2320:v
2037:–
2003:–
1972:–
1878:–
1828:.
1663:.
1629:.
1558:.
1416:4
1368::
1357:.
1151:.
724:)
720:(
38:.
20:)
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