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663:, built by Germany's Franz Anton Ritter von Gerstner in 1837, was Russia's first public railway line, the cost overruns led Tsar Nicholas I and his advisors to doubt Gerstner's ability to execute the planned St. Petersburg–Moscow line. So two professors from St. Petersburg's Institute of the Corps of Transportation Engineers,
752:
Whistler, G. W., Faden, W., & United States. (1838). The
British colonies in North America. (Message from the President of the United States, transmitting the information required by a resolution of the House of Representatives of the 28th May last, in relation to the boundary between the United
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and
Nikolai Osipovich Kraft, traveled to the United States in 1839 to study railroad technology. Melnikov and Kraft spoke with Whistler and recommended that the Russian government retain Whistler as a consulting engineer on the Saint Petersburg – Moscow Railway, and Whistler was given a seven-year
527:
The (Long Island railroad) engine burns one cord of wood in each circular trip of 48 miles, conveying an average load of twenty tons of freight, in four cars, each weighing two tons – the weight of engine being 8.5 tons, with its fuel and water in the boiler, and having six tons on the two driving
480:. Whistler was one of the few locomotive designers and builders in the early 19th century that had an academic education. As superintendent of the Proprietors of Locks and Canals Co. water powered machine shop in Lowell (1834–1837), Whistler was responsible for the design of the earliest
402:
Apparently there was nothing to keep
American engineers with adequate credentials from seeing all they wanted to see and from asking about all that they wanted to learn. As a result the American engineers developed knowledge of railroads in three areas –
779:
Whistler, G. W., & Philadelphia & Reading
Railroad Co. (1849). Report upon the use of anthracite coal in locomotive engines on the Reading Rail Road: Made to the president of the Philadelphia and Reading Rail Road Company. Baltimore: J.D. Toy.
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Albany and West
Stockbridge Railroad Company. (1842). Reports of the engineers of the Albany and West Stockbridge Rail-road Company: Made to the directors in 1840-1. Albany N.Y.: Printed by C. Van Benthuysen.
775:
Whistler, G. W., Crerar
Manuscript Collection (University of Chicago. Library), & University of Chicago. (1842). Report to Count Kleinmichel on gauge of track to be used in the St. Petersburg and Moscow
319:, New York, from 1819 to 1821. When the Army was reorganized in 1821, he became a Second Lieutenant in the First Artillery. From 1821 to 1822, Whistler was an Assistant Professor of Drawing at West Point.
769:
Western Rail-Road
Corporation., Whistler, G. W., & Massachusetts. (1839). Extracts from the 39th chapter of the revised statutes, concerning rail roads. Springfield, Mass.: publisher not identified.
358:'s "Board of Civil Engineers for the Construction of the Road" (1827‑30). Still on active duty, Whistler joined the railroad's engineer corps the next year in 1828. Together, Whistler, McNeill, and
223:, Russia's first large-scale railroad. One of Whistler's important influences was the introduction of the Howe truss for the Russian railroad's bridges. This inspired the renowned Russian engineer
295:, Charles Donald Whistler (1841–1843), and John Bouttatz Whistler (1845–1846), named after Whistler's Russian engineer friend Major Ivan F. Bouttatz. Whistler and William Gibbs McNeil lived in
322:
Whistler was reassigned back to artillery corps duty as a topographical engineer in 1822, his first assignment was supporting the
Commission tracing the international boundary between
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1371:
952:
444:, Whistler remaining on the project for the first 20 miles of main and branch track had been completed. In 1831‑32, Whistler provided engineering services for the
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Whistler was part of the first efforts to form a national engineering association in the United States, although unsuccessful, it was thirteen years ahead of the
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types (2-2-0s). In 1836, the first two steam locomotives known to have been equipped with whistles were built by
Whistler as 2-2-0 types; the Hicksville for the
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351:
276:
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Gasparini, D. A., K. Nizamiev, and C. Tardini. "GW Whistler and the Howe
Bridges on the Nikolaev Railway, 1842–1851", American Society of Civil Engineers,
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Whistler had three children with his first wife, Mary Roberdeau Swift, who died at a young age in 1827. Whistler then married the sister of his friend
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wheels; the tender weighs 4.5 tons with fuel and water, the additional quantity of wood consumed in getting up steam, being about one-fifth of a cord.
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Whistler left for Russia in June 1842, accompanied by imperial engineer Major Ivan F. Bouttatz, who would become Whistler's friend. He received the
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Swift, McNeill and Whistler, G.E., Reports of the Engineers of the Western Railroad Corporation,1838, Springfield, MA, Merriam, Wood and company.
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Report Upon the Locomotive Engines: And the Police and Management of Several of the Principal Rail Roads in the Northern and Middle States
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Whistler supervised construction of the first rails on the railroad in October 1829, consisting of wood and iron from Pratt Street to the
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mainline in western Massachusetts. He was the first civil engineer in America to use contour lines to show elevation and relief on maps.
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Smith, Merritt Roe. Military enterprise and technological change: Perspectives on the American experience. MIT Press, 1985. Accessed at
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as its president. The organizing committee included some of the most prominent and representative engineers of the day such as:
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again with McNeill from 1836 to 1842. In October 1839, the road's Board of Directors hired Whistler as its Chief engineer.
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surveyed steam locomotives for their management, some of which included machines built in Whistler's Lowell shops.
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1174:"A General Chronology of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company Predecessors and Successors and its Historical Context"
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in 1819. Upon graduation, Whistler was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the Corps of Artillery serving as a
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of G. W. Whistler at the Center for Whistler Studies at the University of Glasgow, Scotland on June 20, 2016.
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George W. Cullum's Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy
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Whistler's stone arch railroad bridges built in 1841 are still in freight and passenger service on the
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A bridge model of similar design to the Canton Viaduct at the October Railroad Museum in St. Petersburg
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Vanderblue, Homer B. (1939). "An Engineer Writes on Railroad Construction Standards in 1842".
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of G. W. Whistler at the Center for Whistler Studies at the University of Glasgow, Scotland.
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Fisher, Chas. E. (May 1947). "Whistler's Railroad: The Western Railroad of Massachusetts".
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363:
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went to Great Britain to study railroad engineering, where they were welcomed by President
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8:
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1059:"Register of Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy, Class of 1819"
1044:"Register of Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy, Class of 1819"
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weighing 8 tons gross. Whistler left Lowell in 1837 and was followed by his apprentice,
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452:. Whistler resigned his army engineer commission in December 1833. In 1835, along with
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331:
244:(of his second wife Anna Whistler) is among the most famous paintings in American art.
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1198:, Being a Sequel to the Report... Upon Railway Structures. Lucas & Deaver., 1838.
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260:(1756–1829) and his wife Anna Bishop. Ft. Wayne at that time was a part of the great
951:, Anon., George Washington Whistler (1800–1849), University of Glasgow, accessed at
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The Great Road: The Building of the Baltimore and Ohio, the Nation's First Railroad
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George Washington Whistler was born on May 19, 1800, at the military outpost of
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to climb that grade. The first locomotives purchased for the road in 1842 were
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390:, and other eminent British engineers. They also saw the British railroad, the
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of 1824, Whistler later conducted surveys for locating railroads working under
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80:
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Brown, Jeff L. (January 2014). "Rock Solid: Stone Arch Bridges of the 1840s".
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Stapleton, Darwin H. "The Origin of American Railroad Technology, 1825–1840",
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601:). At that time in 1842, there was no known locomotive that could deliver the
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The main problem in locating the railroad were the steep grades west of the
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986:"The Correspondence of James McNeill Whistler :: The Correspondence"
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597:, which were in excess of 80 feet to the mile, (actually 1.65%. west of
562:. The Lowell Machine Shop's locomotive production continued until 1854.
499:. This locomotive and others built by the firm were initially copies of
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432:, helped with the construction layout as a fifteen-year-old carpenter.
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420:(3) the principles of laying out routes feasible for railroad travel.
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A Sketch of the Life and Works of George W. Whistler: Civil Engineer
448:(now southern terminus of Erie) Railroad; and in 1833‑34, upon the
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to perform studies and develop structural analysis techniques for
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Arrangement in Grey and Black, No. 2: Portrait of Thomas Carlyle
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A history of the American locomotive; its development: 1830–1880
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Whistler's first locomotive, the Patrick, was produced for the
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in the Revolutionary War, later to enlist in American service.
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299:' house while working on the Boston and Providence Railroad.
1261:"Early American Railroad History: A New Source Within Grasp"
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American Society of Civil Engineers biographical sketch of
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Anon., Smithsonian Museum of American History, accessed at
1353:
Extensive biographical sketch of G. W. Washington's career
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at West Point, New York, since its establishment in 1802.
1239:. Boston: Lee and Shepard; New York: CT Dillingham, 1887.
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In 1830, McNeill and Whistler entered the service of the
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Rose and Silver: The Princess from the Land of Porcelain
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which could not handle the grade. Whistler substituted
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In 1827, Whistler's brother-in-law and fellow engineer
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264:. His father had been a British soldier under General
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https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000791
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types (2-2-0s) which delivered satisfactory service.
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1837 Western Railroad map, Springfield to State Line
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which has been in continuous service for 174 years.
683:, Russia, two years before the line was completed.
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208:and railroads. He is credited with introducing the
1326:Railway and Locomotive Historical Society Bulletin
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693:American Society of Civil Engineers and Architects
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467:
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934:Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
291:(1836–1900), Kirk Boott (1838–1842) named after
35:Portrait of Major George Washington Whistler by
1527:Nocturne in Black and Gold – The Falling Rocket
1464:Symphony in White, No. 2: The Little White Girl
472:In 1834, Whistler became chief engineer at the
200:(May 19, 1800 – April 7, 1849) was an American
1504:Nocturne: Blue and Gold – Old Battersea Bridge
1293:, page 99, University Press of Kentucky, 2015.
675:by the Russian Emperor in 1847 but contracted
484:built in New England. In 1835, he worked with
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554:. Whistler also built one locomotive for the
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1558:Mother of Pearl and Silver: The Andalusian
1542:Harmony in Blue and Gold: The Peacock Room
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1291:Engineering in American Society: 1850–1875
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1061:, Cullum's Register, created by W. Thayer.
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1046:, Cullum's Register, created by W. Thayer.
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394:, the world's first public railway to use
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1697:19th-century American railroad executives
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971:. Dedham Historical Society. p. 227.
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283:(1804–1881), with whom he had five sons:
1448:Symphony in White, No. 1: The White Girl
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140: 1821; died 1827)
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538:Whistler built three machines for the
1677:United States Military Academy alumni
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1129:"Lowell Notes: Patrick Tracy Jackson"
509:Wilmington & Susquehanna Railroad
428:. The railroad's future road master,
234:He was the father of American artist
1226:
1106:. New York, NY: Dover Publications.
886:
1607:George Washington Whistler (father)
1496:Nocturne: Blue and Silver – Chelsea
1157:"Histories of the Individual Firms"
900:"Getting to Know Whistler's Father"
830:American Society of Civil Engineers
648:invited Whistler to help build the
330:. Subsequent to the passage of the
16:American civil engineer (1800–1849)
13:
1612:William McNeill Whistler (brother)
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578:Soon after Whistler's work on the
556:New Jersey and Patterson Rail Road
546:configuration. These machines had
450:Providence and Stonington Railroad
446:Paterson and Hudson River railroad
442:Baltimore and Susquehanna railroad
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14:
1738:
1727:Expatriates in the Russian Empire
1702:Locomotive builders and designers
1391:George W. Whistler's Stone Arches
1346:
1214:. Lowell National Historical Park
1134:. Lowell National Historical Park
703:, Maryland, in 1839 that elected
582:he was engaged to consult on the
1577:The Gentle Art of Making Enemies
968:Dedham, Massachusetts, 1635-1890
566:Western railroad (Massachusetts)
458:Boston & Providence Railroad
1707:People from Fort Wayne, Indiana
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1253:
1242:
1209:"Lowell Notes: James B Francis"
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1176:, 1835–1836, June 2015 Edition.
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936:30.3 (2015): DOI link:04015046.
650:Saint Petersburg–Moscow Railway
621:Saint Petersburg–Moscow Railway
540:Boston and Providence Rail Road
474:Proprietors of Locks and Canals
468:Locomotive designer and builder
221:Saint Petersburg–Moscow Railway
162:
137:
1602:Anna McNeill Whistler (mother)
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958:
679:and died on April 7, 1849, in
368:Institution of Civil Engineers
309:United States Military Academy
103:United States Military Academy
1:
1531:
1508:
1441:Portrait of Whistler with Hat
965:Hanson, Robert Brand (1976).
898:MacGregor, Jeff (June 2014).
809:
285:James Abbott McNeill Whistler
1640:Whistler House Museum of Art
826:"George Washington Whistler"
507:and the Susquehanna for the
497:Boston & Lowell Railroad
490:Boston & Lowell Railroad
460:, which included the famous
307:Whistler graduated from the
225:Dmitrii Ivanovich Zhuravskii
7:
1102:White, John H. Jr. (1968).
793:
593:, a major tributary of the
513:Baltimore and Ohio railroad
370:, where they also met with
356:Baltimore and Ohio railroad
346:Baltimore and Ohio railroad
10:
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1692:American railroad pioneers
1379:George Washington Whistler
753:States and Great Britain.)
640:Howe truss railroad bridge
198:George Washington Whistler
23:George Washington Whistler
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988:. whistler.arts.gla.ac.uk
872:10.1017/S0007680500022066
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687:Professional associations
656:'s first major railroad.
398:. As one observer wrote:
212:to American locomotives.
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1472:Symphony in White, No. 3
1163:, (197), page 56, 24–85.
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665:Pavel Petrovich Melnikov
456:, Whistler designed the
289:William McNeill Whistler
204:best known for building
1077:139 (1978): 65–77. Web.
860:Business History Review
392:Stockton and Darlington
354:became a member of the
219:hired him to build the
92:Stonington, Connecticut
1427:James McNeill Whistler
1235:Vose, George Leonard.
661:Tsarskoye Selo Railway
641:
630:
599:Chester, Massachusetts
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236:James McNeill Whistler
179:James McNeill Whistler
1550:Portrait of Lady Meux
1172:Baer, Christopher T.
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486:Patrick Tracy Jackson
478:Lowell, Massachusetts
454:William Gibbs McNeill
400:
352:William Gibbs McNeill
281:Anna Mathilda McNeill
277:William Gibbs McNeill
248:Early life and family
151:Anna Mathilda McNeill
1289:Merritt, Raymond H.
505:Long Island Railroad
303:Education and career
256:, Indiana, to Major
127:Mary Roberdeau Swift
1712:Deaths from cholera
1372:Biographical sketch
953:Biographical sketch
697:Julius Walker Adams
673:Order of Saint Anna
580:Stonington Railroad
476:in the new city of
408:(Steam) locomotives
270:Battles of Saratoga
262:Northwest Territory
58:Fort Wayne, Indiana
1682:American surveyors
1384:2016-04-23 at the
1333:(69): 1–2, 8–100.
1276:2020-08-04 at the
1266:2020-08-04 at the
1194:Knight, Jonathan.
642:
631:
576:
426:Carrollton Viaduct
340:Topographic Bureau
338:, the head of the
332:General Survey Act
1664:
1663:
1656:Nocturne painting
1625:(model and lover)
1619:(model and lover)
1561:(1888–1900)
1488:Whistler's Mother
1308:Civil Engineering
1280:on July 24, 2016.
1259:Decker, John C.,
801:Walk-in-the-Water
652:, which would be
615:Stephenson Planet
595:Connecticut River
548:11 inch cylinders
533:Knight, Latrobe,
501:Stephenson Planet
396:steam locomotives
376:Robert Stephenson
372:George Stephenson
366:, of the British
328:Lake of the Woods
241:Whistler's Mother
238:, whose painting
206:steam locomotives
195:
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1623:Joanna Hiffernan
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762:Internet Archive
729:J. Edgar Thomson
717:Moncure Robinson
705:Benjamin Latrobe
681:Saint Petersburg
584:Western railroad
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360:Jonathan Knight
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191:and Anna Bishop
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721:Claude Crozet
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324:Lake Superior
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279:(1801–1853),
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255:
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177:8; including
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69:April 7, 1849
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1355:based up on
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1216:. Retrieved
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838:. Retrieved
834:the original
829:
800:
788:Google Books
781:
758:Archive copy
738:
709:J. B. Jervis
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607:Ross Winan's
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384:Joseph Locke
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315:engineer at
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88:Burial place
71:(1849-04-07)
54:May 19, 1800
1722:1849 deaths
1717:1800 births
1535: 1875
1512: 1872
1118:, pages 457
1007:Hanson 1976
905:Smithsonian
803:(steamboat)
609:"crabs" or
511:. In 1838,
380:John Walker
297:Fisher Ames
37:Henry Inman
1671:Categories
1588:Family and
1159:, (2007).
911:27 January
840:27 January
810:References
668:contract.
646:Nicholas I
638:Msta River
515:engineers
313:topography
293:Kirk Boott
254:Fort Wayne
229:Howe truss
109:Occupation
50:1800-05-19
1434:Paintings
1316:0885-7024
1310:: 44–47.
992:August 2,
880:154969863
776:Railroad.
765: PDF
701:Baltimore
231:bridges.
185:Parent(s)
1382:Archived
1339:43504556
1274:Archived
1264:Archived
866:: 6–11.
794:See also
531:—
374:and son
266:Burgoyne
174:Children
1649:Related
1633:Museums
1365:at the
1218:May 30,
1155:Anon.,
1138:May 30,
760:at the
677:cholera
550:with a
521:Latrobe
364:Telford
268:at the
167:
159:
155:
142:
134:
130:
117:Spouses
1580:(1890)
1553:(1881)
1522:(1873)
1499:(1871)
1491:(1871)
1483:(1865)
1451:(1862)
1443:(1858)
1337:
1314:
1270:, and
1110:
878:
783:Report
735:Legacy
654:Russia
611:0-8-0s
517:Knight
81:Russia
1569:Books
1335:JSTOR
1212:(PDF)
1132:(PDF)
876:S2CID
747:Works
644:Tsar
544:2-4-0
161:(
157:
136:(
132:
1312:ISSN
1220:2009
1140:2009
1108:ISBN
994:2016
913:2018
842:2018
719:and
711:and
519:and
410:and
406:(1)
326:and
94:, US
66:Died
60:, US
44:Born
868:doi
786:at
741:CSX
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1509:c.
1331:69
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870::
844:.
52:)
48:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
