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588:(1985) was in the planning stages, Bean worked with Dadzie and Bryan to ensure that it involved as many varied experiences of women activists as possible and to show that they had united in the common cause to resist economic exploitation, imperialism, racism, and sexism. When the Remembering Olive Collective was formed to gather materials in commemoration of Olive Morris, Bean donated her personal photographs and memorabilia of her friend to the archive. The Olive Morris Collection was made available to the public in 2009 and is housed at the
527:. In 1994, she became the deputy director at the Project Dedicated to the Development of Persons with Disabilities, known as 3D Projects, a charitable organisation that provided services for persons with disabilities and support for their families. She co-wrote a chapter titled "Mobilising Parents of Children with Disabilities in Jamaica and the English Speaking Caribbean" with Marigold J. Thorburn for a book published in 1995. Within four years, Bean was serving as a project director of 3D Projects, which was headquartered in
375:, the Black Liberation Front and the Black Unity and Freedom Party — all initially attracted women members, but women often found that their issues were not taken seriously. According to scholars such as John Narayan and W. Chris Johnson, women activists in these movements often felt that they were the "oppressed of the oppressed" and "most exploited" because they were impacted by the same racial and class discrimination as Black males, but also had to face sexism from both white and Black men.
451:, which allowed police to stop and search anyone who might be suspected of having the intent to commit an offence; and education. Sus law arrests were often directed at Black youth and police at the time were given broad latitude in interpreting the terms "suspect" and "intent". The Brixton Black Women's Group worked to obtain state funding to expand the Sabarr Bookshop, using the store as a link to provide educational materials both for schools and activists.
296:. Delays in funding for staff training and equipment pushed the opening of the facility back to January 1978. Within a short period of time, 24 children were enrolled and more than 80 children were on the waiting list. Problems with the building and the need for a bigger space led Bean and Cameron to search for a more suitable location. They found a building at 3 & 5 Gresham Road and negotiated a 30-year lease at a
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South Asia the women were leading from the kitchen. And by 'the kitchen' I mean an understanding that the lived realities and social relations of the kitchen were as much about politics as everything else, including the bedroom. And I also mean that 'the kitchen' was and is a place of political learning and theory-making. …n that kind of register, and then of course we would – we being me, and Avtar who was with
242:, which among other services sent volunteers to accompany parents to school meetings, provided tutoring services, and assisted in outreach with schools and tuition solutions. Bean, Ottey, and Wong also provided information to the Lambeth Council for Community Relations, which launched a temporary housing and counselling service for runaway youth.
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cent conviction rate throughout
England and Wales. However, London's conviction rate was 82 per cent. The report also pointed out that the police were allowed to use their own judgement rather than relying on independent evidence or witness accounts. Public outcry and the report itself eventually led to reforms beginning in 1984.
148:, England, at the age of 19. When she turned 20 in 1960, she had a daughter, Jennifer, but broke off her engagement to her daughter's father. From the time Jennifer was six months old, Bean arranged foster care for her with a local family so that her child's life would remain stable whilst she worked. Bean earned a
108:(OWAAD). Bean's work and activism focused on eliminating discriminatory policies for people of colour, women, and people with disabilities. She fought for equal educational opportunity, fair wages, adequate housing, and programmes that supported families, such as counselling services, child care, and health care.
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education, and overall health and support for people with disabilities. She worked as the chair of the gender section on the
Council for Voluntary Social Services in 2007 and served as a member of the Saint Catherine Parish Committee from 2008 to 2011. She has worked with international organisations such as the
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on Race
Relations and a subcommittee from Immigration conducted a study between 1979 and 1980 that found that Black youth were disproportionately targeted by the Sus laws and that only six police divisions actually used the laws as a basis for arrest. Those that did use the laws had an average 78 per
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in 1970–71. Despite this overt expression of the point of view of Black women and the space afforded to women by the BUFP to "express themselves politically", the scholar
Rosalind Eleanor Wild notes that some members continued to "feel very constricted". The activist and academic Harry Goulbourne has
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gained its independence and worked there on development programmes for women and children for five years. She later returned to
Jamaica and focused on women's and children's issues there too. She was the managing director of 3D Projects, a charity that provided assistance programmes for children with
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addressed different issues, such as abortion and being paid for housework. These were not central problems for Black women who sought to be paid sufficient wages to provide child care for their children, needed adequate housing and educational opportunities, and called for protection from racism and
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In 2020 Bean was one of the few Black feminists who participated in the Oxford
International Women's Festival at Oxford University, which was organised to honour the 50th anniversary of the 1970 Ruskin Conference at Oxford. The event was criticised for being predominantly white and middle-class and
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allowed Black — from the political stance — women's groups throughout
England to work together on common issues. As one of the first Black feminist groups that was politically formalised, OWAAD gave members experience in how to organise their communities, battle against discrimination, and educate
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Activism was understood in a singular way, even if it happened in a multiplicity of places/spaces of life: work, the courtroom, the police station, the school, the local and central state. …It happens in all our kitchens, because whether they're from the
Caribbean or from the African Continent or
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to hold supplementary schools to help children with their homework and reading. The plan also aimed to empower parents by teaching them how to interact with teachers and administrators and be more involved in their children's education. The trio, who worked together at the
Gresham Youth Project,
515:, Bean recruited doctors and nurses from the UK, encouraging them to move to Zimbabwe and work in rural areas to improve education and health facilities and programmes. She maintained ties with WIPAG, sharing educational materials from Africa with the nursery school on Gresham Road in London.
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disabilities and their families. She has been involved in the development of schools to assist children and in other community education programmes regarding disability. Bean has also served on the St. Catherine's Parish
Council. Her activism has been celebrated by activities arranged for the
551:
Bean participated in the University of the West Indies lecture series titled "That Time In Foreign — Life Stories of Jamaican England Returnees", which ran from 2006 to 2007. She has been a presenter for numerous community seminars touching on issues of disability, family violence, HIV/AIDS
261:, and Mabel Carter began meeting as the West Indian Parents Action Group (WIPAG) around 1971, but the group was not formalised until 1974. The goal of the organisation was to address under-achievement by Black children in the British school system and was particularly focused on
754:" as used by 1970s British women's groups meant anyone of or within the diaspora of African, Asian, Latina/o, or Middle Eastern descent, who was forced by society to face discrimination on the basis of their identity, including bi-racial women, as well as indigenous women.
343:. There were 600 women at the meeting and Bean was one of only a few Black women attendees. Before the BUFP was a year old, Bean had founded the Black Women's Action Committee, as its women's section. She specifically wanted to focus on Black women's issues because
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to people with disabilities and their carers. The programme was designed to reduce the taboos of talking about sex and minimize the vulnerability and potential for sexual exploitation of persons with disabilities. Supported with funds provided by the
418:(BBWG). Though they were accused by some male activists of splitting the Black struggle, the women believed that their issues were not being heard and wanted to find solutions by working with other women, including women's groups in Africa.
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394:. The British delegates' address to the Congress reiterated the commitment of Black Britons to the liberation of Africans, people of African descent, and others throughout the world, from colonial policies, imperialism, and racism.
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movements in the United Kingdom in the 1960s and 1970s. Trained as a nurse, she became a dedicated community activist and social worker, involved in the founding of the Black Women's Action Committee of the
2005:
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in London. The sculpture featured bronze casts of the clenched fists (to represent boxing or fighting) of 15 Black women activists, including Bean. The castings were made live with each of the women.
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After several years of working as a nurse in London, Bean left the field of medical care and began working as a community development and youth activist. She helped set up the 70s Coffee Bar in
281:, where community experts were able to train unemployed young people in various skills, including barbering, electrical repair, and typesetting. Around the same time, Wong and Bean created the
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Bean is thought of by many activists as a mentor who introduced them to and guided them in their political development. Among these are Abbas, Dadzie, Ama Gueye, and Gail Lewis. When the book
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themselves and the community about government policies. Bean served as the chair of OWAAD's first conference held in 1979 at the Abeng Centre. That same year, Bean and Dadzie went to
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Bean, Gerlin; Thorburn, Marigold (1995). "Mobilising Parents of Children with Disabilities in Jamaica and the English Speaking Caribbean". In O'Toole, Bryan; McConkey, Roy (eds.).
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in Brixton. The staff of the facility worked in conjunction with the Afiwe School, providing advice and counselling services, vocational training, and serving as a youth club.
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focus, was formed in 1971, Bean left the Black Unity and Freedom Party. She founded a women's section of the BLF and began publishing "Sister's Column" in the organisation's
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also observed that the BUFP was "extremely authoritarian, extremely intolerant". When the Black Liberation Front (BLF), a group with stronger socialist ties than a strictly
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Several sources indicate the presence of only two Black women. These sources include A. S. Francis, and Bean, who said in an interview that only herself and Pat Smith of
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482:. Within six months, the group asked Asian activists to join them and the name changed to the Organisation of Women of African and Asian Descent, known as OWAAD. This
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in London. While she recognised that some people viewed homosexuality as a threat to families, she maintained people should be free to be who they were. In 1970, the
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from the UK, she moved to Africa in 1983. She worked with women to develop plans for family health and children's welfare. As a volunteer for the
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then, and Gerlin Bean, and all these people – would raise these questions with the guys. In Brixton we had a very tense relationship with
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Johnson, W. Chris (2019). "7. 'The Spirit of Bandung' in 1970s Britain: The Black Liberation Front's Revolutionary Transnationalism". In
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548:. In 2009, she established a school in Saint Catherine Parish to provide early education opportunities for children with disabilities.
328:(BUFP) was formed and Bean began pressing for the group to include a women's platform. She had been inspired by her attendance at the
226:. Parents were outraged at the report's conclusion that their children were considered intellectually inferior because of their race.
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Caribbean Symposium on Inclusive Education: Preparatory Activity of the 48th Session of the International Conference on Education
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By 1973, the British Black Panthers had dissolved and women in the other two political groups stopped gathering. In 1974 Bean,
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From 1982, Bean focused on establishing programmes to assist women and children in Zimbabwe. Then, after Zimbabwe gained its
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2832:(Thesis). São Paulo, Brazil: Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde. Reference Id: 1153.
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celebrations, such as the 2014 exhibit "400 Years of African Women Resistance Leaders" hosted by Black History Walks in
140:, Jamaica, to a couple who were farmers. The rural setting taught her about communal living and instilled the values of
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that gave training to children before they entered formal schooling. Bean was also involved with Wong, Lu Garvey, and
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Bean has been the subject of two papers about her involvement radical feminism presented by W. Chris Johnson of the
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304:. The planning authority granted WIPAG renovation permission in 1979 and in 1981 the facility was given official
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2506:"'Disparate in Voice, Sympathetic in Direction': Gendered Political Blackness and the Politics of Solidarity"
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2262:"British Black Power: The Anti-Imperialism of Political Blackness and the Problem of Nativist Socialism"
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demonstrated the systemic bias of administrative policies, which routinely placed Caribbean children in
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2120:"'Where Might We Go If We Dare': Moving beyond the 'Thick, Suffocating Fog of Whiteness' in Feminism"
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2997:. Vol. 3, no. 8. London: Women's Liberation Workshop. September 1971. pp. 10–12.
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Committee on the Rights of the Child Reviews Second Periodic Report of Jamaica: CRC 33rd session
124:, and a 2017 sculpture of the clenched fists of Black women activists that was exhibited at the
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After searching for a suitable property, WIPAG secured a lease from the Housing Directorate of
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in order to create and design inclusive policies for children and persons with disabilities.
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3107:"North American Conference on British Studies: Providence, Rhode Island October 25–28, 2018"
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Parents from Brixton met to discuss a pioneering solution brought forward by Bean, Reverend
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as "a watershed in the history of Black women's rights activism" in their 2012 publication
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443:, around feminism really, but they didn't just write us off, and it wasn't really hostile.
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festivities, such as the 2014 exhibit "400 Years of African Women Resistance Leaders" in
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that, as a Black woman, she "couldn't really pick on the relevance" of the conference.
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as a youth activities and counselling centre. Later, she left Paddington and moved to
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83:(born 10 February 1939) is a Jamaican community worker who was active in the radical
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Majority-Minority Relations in Contemporary Women's Movements: Strategic Sisterhood
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Majority-Minority Relations in Contemporary Women's Movements: Strategic Sisterhood
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Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge
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in the community. She trained as a general and psychiatric nurse after moving to
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Equal Opportunities for All: Respecting the Rights of Persons With Disabilities
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466:, who were attending the London School of Economics. Together, they formed the
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3116:. Beverly, Massachusetts: North American Conference on British Studies. 2018.
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2435:"Disabled Jamaicans to Receive Sex Videos, Posters, under New Education Drive"
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Vision 2030 Jamaica: National Development Plan for Persons with Disabilities
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2850:"Black and Caribbean Diasporic Feminisms Research Workshop, April 6–7, 2018"
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Black British Intellectuals and Education: Multiculturalism's Hidden History
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308:. The new nursery school officially opened in 1983, the year Bean moved to
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2194:"Olive and Me in the Archive: A Black British Woman in an Archival Space"
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Of paramount importance to the women were the lack of available housing;
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3024:"Oral Histories of the Black Women's Movement for The Heart of the Race"
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3289:"Black women activists in British history | Women's History Month 2022"
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2754:'Black Was the Colour of Our Fight': Black Power in Britain, 1955–1976
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Trauma in children presenting at the Bustamante Hospital for Children
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2947:"Commemoration of Black Women's Movement Fight for Social Justice".
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1954:
1856:"The Forgotten Story of the Women Behind the British Black Panthers"
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645:. Chorley, Lancashire: Lisieux Hall Publications. pp. 105–120.
3038:. Reference No. ORAL/1/3. Archived from the original on 6 June 2022
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683:. Vol. III. Identity Politics—Publishing. New York, New York:
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Case Dismissed!: An Ordinary Jamaican Woman, an Extraordinary Life
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Innovations in Developing Countries for People with Disabilities
3260:(Report). Kingston, Jamaica: Government of Jamaica. June 2009.
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Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
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Race, Ethnicity and the Women's Movement in England, 1968–1993
2443:. Kingston, Jamaica. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022
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2973:. Kingston, Jamaica: Government of Jamaica. 6 November 2007.
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Bean returned to Jamaica in 1988 and studied for a degree in
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and Wong formed part of the British delegation to the Sixth
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In 2023, a book-length biography of Bean by A. S. Francis,
560:, national policy boards and regional policy groups of the
470:. The formation of this group was identified by historians
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3167:"Sexual Health Progamme for Persons with Disabilities"
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United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund
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Caribbean Education and Community Workers' Association
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The Heart of the Race: Black Women's Lives in Britain
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children were faring in the British school system. A
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Organisation for Women of Africa and African Descent
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Around 1966, Bean began to attend meetings with the
253:(formerly the Abeng Centre). Number 5 is on the left
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3205:. Kingston, Jamaica. 20 February 1994. p. 6.
3175:. Kingston, Jamaica. 7 November 2005. p. 25.
3145:. Kingston, Jamaica. 26 October 2008. p. F4.
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2000:(Report). Potters Village, Antigua & Barbuda:
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611:, by Wijnand De Jonge, which was exhibited at the
106:Organisation of Women of African and Asian Descent
16:Jamaican community worker and activist (born 1939)
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2408:Predelli, Line Nyhagen; Halsaa, Beatrice (2012).
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1763:North American Conference on British Studies 2018
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599:. Her activism in Britain has been recognised in
198:to found the Gresham Youth Project. In 1969, the
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3065:"Jamaica Revamps HIV/AIDS Treatment Programme".
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3085:. Kingston, Jamaica. 27 May 1999. p. 49.
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509:Catholic Institute for International Relations
2965:"CVSS to Host Forum on Gender-Based Violence"
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2026:"Leading Women of the Black Radical Movement"
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2483:. Vol. 97, no. 28. New York City:
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152:in Social Science and Administration at the
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1966:. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022
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2582:"Margaret Thatcher's Law and Order Agenda"
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1680:International Conference on Education 2007
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2055:"The Mother of the Movement: Gerlin Bean"
1775:Women & Gender Studies Institute 2018
1676:Committee on the Rights of the Child 2003
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491:, Illinois, to develop networks with the
206:, organised a conference to evaluate how
3388:Jamaican emigrants to the United Kingdom
3343:Alumni of the London School of Economics
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249:The Karibu Centre at 7, Gresham Road in
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3297:Gerlin Bean: The Mother of the Movement
3114:Northeast Conference on British Studies
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2751:Wild, Rosalind Eleanor (August 2008).
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2657:. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire:
2414:. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire:
2337:Ohene-Nyako, Pamela (September 2018).
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182:Social work and community development
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3267:from the original on 27 January 2022
3197:"St. Mary orientation on disability"
3123:from the original on 22 October 2021
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2934:from the original on 21 January 2022
2857:Women & Gender Studies Institute
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2178:from the original on 7 December 2022
2118:; Hemmings, Clare (21 August 2019).
1956:Committee on the Rights of the Child
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554:Committee on the Rights of the Child
493:National Alliance of Black Feminists
3225:
3064:
2760:(PhD). Sheffield, South Yorkshire:
2588:American Journal of Comparative Law
2579:Terrill, Richard J. (Summer 1989).
2433:Reid, Tyrone S. (6 November 2005).
2067:Black and Asian Studies Association
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1828:from the original on 3 January 2024
1618:
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669:"Politics and the State: Caribbean"
620:Gerlin Bean: Mother of the Movement
13:
3423:People from Saint Catherine Parish
3281:
2830:BIREME Biblioteca virtual em Saúde
2779:from the original on 16 April 2022
458:and Morris met with students from
14:
3439:
3311:
2951:. Lyon, France. 3 February 2017.
2678:from the original on 23 May 2022.
2504:Swaby, Nydia A. (November 2014).
1993:Emanuel, Leslie A. (March 2008).
629:
414:and other activists to found the
402:In 1973, Bean joined with Abbas,
397:
3378:British women's rights activists
3241:from the original on 23 May 2022
3209:from the original on 21 May 2022
3179:from the original on 21 May 2022
3149:from the original on 21 May 2022
3089:from the original on 31 May 2024
3009:from the original on 21 May 2022
2904:from the original on 24 May 2022
2870:from the original on 24 May 2022
2836:from the original on 23 May 2022
2805:from the original on 23 May 2022
2738:from the original on 31 May 2024
2697:from the original on 21 May 2022
2693:. Kingston, Jamaica. p. 4.
2685:"New School for Ja's Challenged"
2683:Turner, Rasbert (29 June 2009).
2635:from the original on 22 May 2022
2566:from the original on 24 May 2022
2395:from the original on 21 May 2022
2324:from the original on 21 May 2022
2277:(5). Thousand Oaks, California:
2260:Narayan, John (September 2019).
2207:(1). Thousand Oaks, California:
2191:Longley, Oumou (November 2021).
2073:from the original on 22 May 2022
2011:from the original on 24 May 2022
1914:from the original on 31 May 2024
1866:from the original on 28 May 2018
1649:Jamaica Information Service 2007
111:In 1983, Bean left England when
3408:Jamaican LGBTQ rights activists
2720:. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon:
2024:Francis, A. S. (8 March 2021).
2002:Disabled Peoples' International
1962:(Report). Geneva, Switzerland:
1843:
1810:
744:
730:
709:
562:Disabled Peoples' International
3393:English LGBTQ rights activists
2346:Tijdschrift voor Genderstudies
2053:Francis, A. S. (Autumn 2020).
1469:Bryan, Dadzie & Scafe 2018
1394:Bryan, Dadzie & Scafe 2018
1267:Bryan, Dadzie & Scafe 2018
1173:Bryan, Dadzie & Scafe 2018
928:Bryan, Dadzie & Scafe 2010
214:presented at the symposium by
1:
3363:British anti-racism activists
3235:University of the West Indies
3137:"Parish Committees 2008–2011"
3071:. 2 November 2005. p. 1.
2923:(Report). Kingston, Jamaica:
2352:(3). Amsterdam, Netherlands:
761:
326:Black Unity and Freedom Party
190:, which was organised by the
162:University of the West Indies
96:, the women's section of the
94:Black Unity and Freedom Party
57:University of the West Indies
3026:(Interview). Interviewed by
3022:Gerlin Bean (January 2010).
2648:Thomlinson, Natalie (2016).
766:
7:
2970:Jamaica Information Service
2362:10.5117/TVGN2018.3.004.OHEN
1936:. Hertford, Hertfordshire:
1279:Lewis & Hemmings (2019)
416:Brixton Black Women's Group
102:Brixton Black Women's Group
34:1939 (age 84–85)
10:
3444:
3418:People from Hanover Parish
3300:. Lawrence & Wishart.
3034:; Scafe, Suzanne. London:
2884:"Black History Month 2014"
2595:(3). Oxford, Oxfordshire:
2354:Amsterdam University Press
1382:Predelli & Halsaa 2012
351:Bean published a pamphlet
269:in 1972 in establishing a
154:London School of Economics
66:Community worker, activist
53:London School of Economics
3077:"JSIF Backs the Disabled"
2714:Warmington, Paul (2014).
2217:10.1177/01417789211041898
1890:; Scafe, Suzanne (2018).
978:, pp. 172, 174, 178.
577:
263:early childhood education
136:Bean was born in 1939 in
70:
62:
48:
30:
23:
3413:Jamaican women activists
2475:"Who Lost the Sex Wars?"
2291:10.1177/0038026119845550
2145:10.1177/1464700119871220
1550:Bean & Thorburn 1995
1505:Bean & Thorburn 1995
954:, pp. 130–131, 158.
893:Bean & Thorburn 1995
824:Bean & Thorburn 1995
702:
192:Westminster City Council
160:in Public Health at the
156:and in 1995 completed a
132:Early life and education
3403:Expatriates in Zimbabwe
3398:English women activists
3348:Black British activists
3068:BBC Monitoring Americas
3036:Black Cultural Archives
2762:University of Sheffield
2597:Oxford University Press
2270:The Sociological Review
3373:British social workers
3294:Francis, A.S. (2023).
3227:"That Time In Foreign"
2034:Lawrence & Wishart
1787:Islington Council 2014
738:Home Affairs Committee
687:. pp. 1577–1580.
624:Lawrence & Wishart
607:and a 2017 sculpture,
601:UK Black History Month
533:Saint Catherine Parish
519:Jamaica (1988–present)
445:
435:Southall Black Sisters
386:, which was hosted in
373:British Black Panthers
273:in the basement of 61
254:
118:UK Black History Month
98:Black Liberation Front
3353:Black British history
3318:GerlinBeanProject.com
2861:University of Toronto
2822:Bean, Gerlin (1995).
2473:(13 September 2021).
725:University of Reading
723:, a historian at the
667:Bean, Gerlin (2000).
613:Guildhall Art Gallery
597:University of Toronto
585:The Heart of the Race
484:umbrella organisation
472:Line Nyhagen Predelli
430:
353:Black Women Speak Out
248:
224:learning disabilities
126:Guildhall Art Gallery
3219:Newspaperarchive.com
3189:Newspaperarchive.com
3159:Newspaperarchive.com
3099:Newspaperarchive.com
2859:. Toronto, Ontario:
2815:Newspaperarchive.com
2707:Newspaperarchive.com
2100:. pp. 125–143.
1098:, pp. 180, 183.
499:Zimbabwe (1982–1988)
384:Pan-African Congress
322:Gay Liberation Front
2949:European Union News
2927:. 7 December 2007.
2283:University of Keele
1938:Hansib Publications
1803:European Union News
1689:Vision 2030 Jamaica
1317:, pp. 439–440.
1305:, pp. 438–439.
1281:, pp. 405–421.
1269:, pp. 150–151.
1175:, pp. 148–150.
1074:, pp. 179–180.
1062:, pp. 178–179.
1038:, pp. 176–177.
990:, pp. 172–174.
895:, pp. 107–108.
719:attended; however,
622:, was published by
609:A Fighters' Archive
333:National Conference
177:England (1960–1982)
172:Career and activism
2793:"An Urgent Appeal"
2659:Palgrave Macmillan
2528:10.1057/fr.2014.30
2416:Palgrave Macmillan
1717:, pp. 58, 65.
1204:, pp. 66, 69.
721:Natalie Thomlinson
335:held that year at
330:Women's Liberation
316:Political activism
255:
233:, and the teacher
222:for students with
3368:British feminists
2897:. February 2014.
2895:Islington Council
2731:978-1-317-75236-3
2668:978-1-137-44280-2
2499:on 26 March 2022.
2425:978-1-137-02074-1
2137:SAGE Publications
2107:978-1-78699-427-1
1947:978-1-910553-41-1
1907:978-1-78663-586-0
1854:(10 March 2016).
1852:Agyepong, Heather
1408:, pp. 12–13.
1113:, pp. 11–12.
856:, pp. 10–11.
752:politically Black
694:978-0-415-92091-9
652:978-1-870335-18-8
592:in South London.
358:Black nationalist
341:Oxford University
306:charitable status
150:bachelor's degree
89:Black nationalist
78:
77:
71:Years active
3435:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3266:
3259:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3222:
3216:
3214:
3192:
3186:
3184:
3162:
3156:
3154:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3122:
3111:
3102:
3096:
3094:
3072:
3061:
3055:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3018:
3016:
3014:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2960:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2933:
2922:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2903:
2888:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2869:
2854:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2818:
2812:
2810:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2778:
2759:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2710:
2704:
2702:
2679:
2677:
2656:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2584:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2500:
2495:. Archived from
2471:Srinivasan, Amia
2466:
2460:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2440:Jamaica Observer
2429:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2394:
2343:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2323:
2266:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2196:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2177:
2124:
2111:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2010:
1999:
1989:
1983:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1951:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1879:
1873:
1871:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1822:Lawrence Wishart
1814:
1808:
1799:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1730:
1727:Ohene-Nyako 2018
1724:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1673:
1667:
1658:
1652:
1646:
1637:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1589:
1583:
1574:
1568:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1526:
1517:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1457:Ohene-Nyako 2018
1454:
1448:
1442:
1433:
1430:Ohene-Nyako 2018
1427:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1147:
1141:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1003:
997:
991:
985:
979:
973:
967:
961:
955:
949:
943:
937:
931:
925:
908:
902:
896:
890:
884:
875:
869:
863:
857:
848:
842:
836:
827:
821:
815:
806:
797:
791:
755:
748:
742:
734:
728:
717:Essex University
713:
698:
673:Kramarae, Cheris
663:
661:
644:
590:Lambeth Archives
371:movements — the
21:
20:
3443:
3442:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3323:
3322:
3314:
3287:Addie Tadesse,
3284:
3282:Further reading
3279:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3257:
3244:
3242:
3212:
3210:
3182:
3180:
3152:
3150:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3109:
3092:
3090:
3049:
3048:
3041:
3039:
3028:Bryan, Beverley
3012:
3010:
2980:
2978:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2920:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2886:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2852:
2839:
2837:
2808:
2806:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2757:
2741:
2739:
2732:
2700:
2698:
2675:
2669:
2654:
2638:
2636:
2569:
2567:
2520:SAGE Publishing
2511:Feminist Review
2454:
2453:
2446:
2444:
2426:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2341:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2279:SAGE Publishing
2264:
2250:
2248:
2209:SAGE Publishing
2200:Feminist Review
2181:
2179:
2175:
2128:Feminist Theory
2122:
2108:
2076:
2074:
2059:History Matters
2043:
2041:
2014:
2012:
2008:
1997:
1977:
1976:
1969:
1967:
1958:(30 May 2003).
1948:
1928:Cameron, Gloria
1917:
1915:
1908:
1884:Bryan, Beverley
1869:
1867:
1846:
1841:
1831:
1829:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1800:
1793:
1785:
1781:
1773:
1769:
1761:
1757:
1749:
1745:
1737:
1733:
1725:
1721:
1713:
1709:
1703:Srinivasan 2021
1701:
1697:
1682:, p. 187;
1674:
1670:
1659:
1655:
1647:
1640:
1629:
1625:
1617:
1613:
1605:
1601:
1590:
1586:
1575:
1571:
1560:
1556:
1548:
1544:
1536:
1529:
1518:
1511:
1503:
1499:
1491:
1487:
1479:
1475:
1467:
1463:
1455:
1451:
1443:
1436:
1428:
1424:
1418:Warmington 2014
1416:
1412:
1404:
1400:
1392:
1388:
1380:
1376:
1368:
1357:
1349:
1345:
1337:
1333:
1325:
1321:
1313:
1309:
1301:
1297:
1289:
1285:
1277:
1273:
1265:
1261:
1253:
1249:
1243:Thomlinson 2016
1241:
1232:
1224:
1220:
1212:
1208:
1202:Thomlinson 2016
1200:
1196:
1188:
1179:
1171:
1167:
1161:Thomlinson 2016
1159:
1150:
1142:
1129:
1121:
1117:
1106:
1102:
1094:
1090:
1082:
1078:
1070:
1066:
1058:
1054:
1046:
1042:
1034:
1030:
1022:
1018:
1010:
1006:
998:
994:
986:
982:
974:
970:
962:
958:
950:
946:
938:
934:
926:
911:
903:
899:
891:
887:
876:
872:
864:
860:
849:
845:
837:
830:
822:
818:
807:
800:
792:
773:
769:
764:
759:
758:
749:
745:
735:
731:
714:
710:
705:
695:
666:
659:
653:
642:
632:
580:
521:
501:
476:Beatrice Halsaa
454:In 1978, Bean,
425:Feminist Theory
400:
367:The three main
345:white feminists
318:
302:Lambeth Council
298:peppercorn rent
220:special classes
184:
179:
174:
158:master's degree
134:
49:Alma mater
44:
35:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3441:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3358:Black feminism
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3321:
3320:
3313:
3312:External links
3310:
3309:
3308:
3292:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3251:
3223:
3193:
3163:
3133:
3103:
3073:
3062:
3052:cite interview
3032:Dadzie, Stella
3019:
2987:
2961:
2944:
2914:
2880:
2846:
2819:
2789:
2748:
2730:
2711:
2680:
2667:
2645:
2605:10.2307/840088
2576:
2501:
2480:The New Yorker
2467:
2430:
2424:
2405:
2334:
2257:
2188:
2112:
2106:
2083:
2050:
2021:
1990:
1952:
1946:
1924:
1906:
1888:Dadzie, Stella
1880:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1809:
1791:
1779:
1767:
1755:
1753:, p. 125.
1743:
1741:, p. 128.
1731:
1729:, p. 258.
1719:
1707:
1695:
1686:, p. 28;
1668:
1653:
1638:
1623:
1611:
1599:
1584:
1569:
1554:
1542:
1527:
1509:
1507:, p. 108.
1497:
1495:, p. 329.
1485:
1483:, p. 231.
1473:
1471:, p. 263.
1461:
1459:, p. 249.
1449:
1434:
1432:, p. 255.
1422:
1420:, p. 111.
1410:
1398:
1396:, p. 205.
1386:
1374:
1355:
1353:, p. 133.
1343:
1341:, p. 442.
1331:
1329:, p. 440.
1319:
1307:
1295:
1293:, p. 438.
1283:
1271:
1259:
1257:, p. 135.
1247:
1230:
1218:
1216:, p. 951.
1206:
1194:
1177:
1165:
1148:
1127:
1115:
1100:
1088:
1086:, p. 180.
1076:
1064:
1052:
1050:, p. 177.
1040:
1028:
1026:, p. 175.
1016:
1014:, p. 134.
1004:
1002:, p. 133.
992:
980:
968:
966:, p. 158.
956:
944:
942:, p. 129.
932:
909:
897:
885:
870:
858:
843:
841:, p. 129.
828:
826:, p. 107.
816:
798:
770:
768:
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763:
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757:
756:
743:
729:
707:
706:
704:
701:
700:
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693:
664:
651:
631:
630:Selected works
628:
579:
576:
571:The New Yorker
520:
517:
500:
497:
404:Beverley Bryan
399:
398:Women's rights
396:
337:Ruskin College
317:
314:
294:terraced house
259:Gloria Cameron
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
138:Hanover Parish
133:
130:
76:
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68:
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59:
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46:
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38:Hanover Parish
36:
32:
28:
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24:
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2:
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3364:
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3359:
3356:
3354:
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3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3338:Living people
3336:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3307:
3306:9781913546373
3303:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3290:
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3285:
3263:
3256:
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2518:(1). London:
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2135:(4). London:
2134:
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2121:
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2103:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2072:
2068:
2065:(1). London:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2030:lwbooks.co.uk
2027:
2022:
2007:
2003:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1925:
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1823:
1819:
1818:"Gerlin Bean"
1813:
1806:
1804:
1798:
1796:
1788:
1783:
1776:
1771:
1765:, p. 22.
1764:
1759:
1752:
1747:
1740:
1735:
1728:
1723:
1716:
1711:
1704:
1699:
1693:, p. 61.
1692:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1666:, p. F4.
1665:
1663:
1657:
1650:
1645:
1643:
1636:, p. 25.
1635:
1633:
1627:
1620:
1615:
1608:
1603:
1596:
1594:
1588:
1582:, p. 41.
1581:
1579:
1573:
1567:, p. 49.
1566:
1564:
1558:
1551:
1546:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1524:
1522:
1516:
1514:
1506:
1501:
1494:
1489:
1482:
1477:
1470:
1465:
1458:
1453:
1447:, p. 64.
1446:
1441:
1439:
1431:
1426:
1419:
1414:
1407:
1402:
1395:
1390:
1384:, p. 55.
1383:
1378:
1372:, p. 62.
1371:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1352:
1347:
1340:
1335:
1328:
1323:
1316:
1311:
1304:
1299:
1292:
1287:
1280:
1275:
1268:
1263:
1256:
1251:
1245:, p. 69.
1244:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1227:
1226:Agyepong 2016
1222:
1215:
1210:
1203:
1198:
1192:, p. 97.
1191:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1174:
1169:
1163:, p. 67.
1162:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1146:, p. 61.
1145:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1125:, p. 63.
1124:
1119:
1112:
1110:
1104:
1097:
1092:
1085:
1080:
1073:
1068:
1061:
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936:
929:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
906:
901:
894:
889:
883:, p. 11.
882:
880:
874:
868:, p. 60.
867:
862:
855:
853:
847:
840:
835:
833:
825:
820:
814:, p. 10.
813:
811:
805:
803:
795:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
776:
771:
753:
747:
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726:
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712:
708:
696:
690:
686:
682:
678:
677:Spender, Dale
674:
670:
665:
658:
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648:
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640:
634:
633:
627:
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621:
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537:sex education
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525:public health
516:
514:
510:
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456:Stella Dadzie
452:
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429:
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417:
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389:
388:Dar es Salaam
385:
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331:
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280:
276:
275:Golborne Road
272:
268:
264:
260:
252:
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243:
241:
236:
232:
231:Anthony Ottey
227:
225:
221:
217:
216:Bernard Coard
213:
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197:
193:
189:
169:
167:
166:Mona, Jamaica
163:
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63:Occupation(s)
61:
58:
54:
51:
47:
43:
39:
33:
29:
22:
19:
3295:
3269:. Retrieved
3243:. Retrieved
3231:mona.uwi.edu
3230:
3217:– via
3211:. Retrieved
3200:
3187:– via
3181:. Retrieved
3170:
3157:– via
3151:. Retrieved
3140:
3125:. Retrieved
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3097:– via
3091:. Retrieved
3080:
3066:
3040:. Retrieved
3011:. Retrieved
2994:
2979:. Retrieved
2968:
2948:
2936:. Retrieved
2906:. Retrieved
2890:
2872:. Retrieved
2856:
2838:. Retrieved
2829:
2824:
2813:– via
2807:. Retrieved
2796:
2781:. Retrieved
2753:
2740:. Retrieved
2716:
2705:– via
2699:. Retrieved
2688:
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2637:. Retrieved
2592:
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2568:. Retrieved
2515:
2509:
2497:the original
2478:
2445:. Retrieved
2438:
2410:
2397:. Retrieved
2349:
2345:
2326:. Retrieved
2274:
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2249:. Retrieved
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2198:
2180:. Retrieved
2132:
2126:
2092:
2075:. Retrieved
2062:
2058:
2042:. Retrieved
2029:
2013:. Retrieved
1968:. Retrieved
1932:
1916:. Retrieved
1892:
1874:– via
1868:. Retrieved
1859:
1844:Bibliography
1830:. Retrieved
1821:
1812:
1802:
1789:, p. 8.
1782:
1777:, p. 1.
1770:
1758:
1751:Longley 2021
1746:
1739:Longley 2021
1734:
1722:
1715:Francis 2020
1710:
1698:
1688:
1684:Emanuel 2008
1671:
1661:
1656:
1631:
1626:
1614:
1609:, p. 4.
1602:
1592:
1587:
1577:
1572:
1562:
1557:
1545:
1525:, p. 6.
1520:
1500:
1493:Cameron 2016
1488:
1481:Cameron 2016
1476:
1464:
1452:
1445:Francis 2020
1425:
1413:
1401:
1389:
1377:
1370:Francis 2020
1351:Longley 2021
1346:
1339:Terrill 1989
1334:
1327:Terrill 1989
1322:
1315:Terrill 1989
1310:
1303:Terrill 1989
1298:
1291:Terrill 1989
1286:
1274:
1262:
1255:Johnson 2019
1250:
1221:
1214:Narayan 2019
1209:
1197:
1168:
1144:Francis 2020
1123:Francis 2020
1118:
1108:
1103:
1096:Cameron 2016
1091:
1084:Cameron 2016
1079:
1072:Cameron 2016
1067:
1060:Cameron 2016
1055:
1048:Cameron 2016
1043:
1036:Cameron 2016
1031:
1024:Cameron 2016
1019:
1012:Johnson 2019
1007:
1000:Johnson 2019
995:
988:Cameron 2016
983:
976:Cameron 2016
971:
964:Cameron 2016
959:
952:Cameron 2016
947:
940:Cameron 2016
935:
900:
888:
878:
873:
866:Francis 2020
861:
851:
846:
839:Johnson 2019
819:
809:
794:Francis 2021
746:
732:
711:
680:
638:
619:
617:
608:
594:
583:
581:
569:
566:
550:
529:Spanish Town
522:
505:independence
502:
479:
453:
446:
438:
431:
423:
408:Olive Morris
401:
380:Zainab Abbas
377:
366:
364:newsletter.
361:
352:
350:
319:
287:
283:Abeng Centre
256:
240:Afiwe School
238:founded the
228:
204:North London
185:
135:
110:
80:
79:
74:1959–present
18:
3333:1941 births
3202:The Gleaner
3172:The Gleaner
3142:The Gleaner
3082:The Gleaner
2798:The Gleaner
2690:The Gleaner
2599:: 429–456.
2356:: 249–264.
2285:: 945–967.
2211:: 123–137.
2139:: 405–421.
2116:Lewis, Gail
1980:cite report
1860:The Debrief
1662:The Gleaner
1632:The Gleaner
1607:Turner 2009
1578:The Gleaner
1563:The Gleaner
1521:The Gleaner
905:BIREME 1995
369:black power
279:Kensal Town
271:cooperative
267:Tony Soares
208:West Indian
202:, based in
128:in London.
81:Gerlin Bean
25:Gerlin Bean
3327:Categories
3003:1001130639
2957:A480639454
2925:IBE-UNESCO
2893:. London:
2552:5698852868
2485:Condé Nast
2378:1125160699
2307:8061038713
2233:9332924247
2161:8206584041
2096:. London:
2088:Adi, Hakim
2032:. London:
1896:. London:
1406:Swaby 2014
762:References
750:The term "
568:Bean told
440:Race Today
420:Gail Lewis
362:Grassroots
348:violence.
235:Ansel Wong
188:Paddington
142:mutual aid
104:, and the
3042:7 October
2770:551613493
2722:Routledge
2629:846848962
2613:0002-919X
2560:146949251
2536:0141-7789
2522:: 11–25.
2493:0028-792X
2457:cite news
2386:165670974
2370:1388-3186
2315:150411821
2299:0038-0261
2241:244348631
2225:0141-7789
2182:8 October
2169:202286402
2153:1464-7001
2098:Zed Books
2069:: 58–65.
1832:3 January
1538:Reid 2005
1190:Wild 2008
767:Citations
685:Routledge
605:Islington
300:with the
122:Islington
3262:Archived
3239:Archived
3237:. 2006.
3207:Archived
3177:Archived
3147:Archived
3118:Archived
3087:Archived
3007:Archived
2991:"Gerlin"
2975:Archived
2929:Archived
2899:Archived
2865:Archived
2863:. 2018.
2834:Archived
2803:Archived
2774:Archived
2736:Archived
2695:Archived
2673:Archived
2633:Archived
2564:Archived
2544:24571917
2390:Archived
2319:Archived
2281:for the
2245:Archived
2173:Archived
2071:Archived
2038:Archived
2006:Archived
1930:(2016).
1912:Archived
1864:Archived
1826:Archived
1619:UWI 2006
679:(eds.).
657:Archived
546:HIV/AIDS
460:Ethiopia
449:Sus laws
392:Tanzania
310:Zimbabwe
113:Zimbabwe
85:feminist
2891:Vai.org
2090:(ed.).
489:Chicago
464:Eritrea
412:Liz Obi
290:Lambeth
251:Brixton
196:Brixton
42:Jamaica
3304:
3271:24 May
3245:23 May
3213:23 May
3183:23 May
3153:24 May
3127:24 May
3093:23 May
3013:21 May
3001:
2981:23 May
2955:
2938:24 May
2908:24 May
2874:24 May
2840:23 May
2809:23 May
2783:21 May
2768:
2742:24 May
2728:
2701:24 May
2665:
2639:22 May
2627:
2621:840088
2619:
2611:
2570:24 May
2558:
2550:
2542:
2534:
2491:
2447:24 May
2422:
2399:21 May
2384:
2376:
2368:
2328:22 May
2313:
2305:
2297:
2251:24 May
2239:
2231:
2223:
2167:
2159:
2151:
2104:
2077:21 May
2044:21 May
2015:24 May
1970:24 May
1944:
1918:21 May
1904:
1876:Grazia
1870:22 May
691:
649:
578:Legacy
558:UNESCO
513:Harare
257:Bean,
146:Surrey
100:, the
3265:(PDF)
3258:(PDF)
3121:(PDF)
3110:(PDF)
2995:Shrew
2932:(PDF)
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2902:(PDF)
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2617:JSTOR
2556:S2CID
2540:JSTOR
2393:(PDF)
2382:S2CID
2342:(PDF)
2322:(PDF)
2311:S2CID
2265:(PDF)
2237:S2CID
2176:(PDF)
2165:S2CID
2123:(PDF)
2009:(PDF)
1998:(PDF)
1898:Verso
1109:Shrew
879:Shrew
852:Shrew
810:Shrew
703:Notes
671:. In
660:(PDF)
643:(PDF)
531:, in
212:paper
3302:ISBN
3273:2022
3247:2022
3215:2022
3185:2022
3155:2022
3129:2022
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3058:link
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2940:2022
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2876:2022
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2766:OCLC
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2726:ISBN
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812:1971
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689:ISBN
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