151:, there would be no state churches any longer, but the churches remained public corporations and retained their subsidies from government. The theological faculties in the universities continued, as did religious instruction in the schools, however, allowing the parents to opt out for their children. The rights formerly held by the monarchs in the German Empire simply devolved to church councils instead, and the high-ranking church administrators —who had been civil servants in the Empire —simply became church officials instead. Chairpersons elected by synods were introduced into the governing structures of the churches.
154:
After the system of state churches had ended with the abolition of the monarchies in the German states, the merger of the
Protestant church bodies within Germany became a viable option. A merger of the Protestant regional churches was permanently under discussion, but never materialised due to strong
176:
confessional compositions. This federal system allowed for a great deal of regional autonomy in the governance of German
Protestantism, as it allowed for a confederated church parliament that served as a forum for discussion and that endeavoured to resolve theological and organisational conflicts.
175:
in 1920. The German
Evangelical Church Conference was then dissolved. Save for the organisational matters under the jurisdiction of the Confederation, the regional churches remained independent in all other matters, including especially theology, since they comprised churches of different
745:
p7 George
Kennedy Allen Bell, Andrew Chandler - 1997 "In May 1922 a new German Evangelical Church Confederation, the Deutsche Evangelische Kirchenbund, was established with a Kirchentag, or assembly, of 210 representatives, a Kirchenbundesrat, or Church Confederation Council,
463:
686:
117:
until 1918, with the exception of the
Protestant church bodies in territories annexed by Prussia in 1866. Others had been no less territorially defined Protestant minority church bodies within Catholic monarchies, where before 1918 the
387:
449:
357:
197:
turned out to be a heretical, rather un-Protestant top-down hierarchical institution. Lacking any synodal and presbyterial democracy and with the new church's attitude to reserve baptism and thus church membership to so-called
297:
155:
regional self-confidence and traditions as well as the denominational fragmentation into
Lutheran, Calvinist and united churches. The German Evangelical Church Confederation was prepared for with conferences in
343:
401:
757:
714:
691:
668:
652:
639:
623:
610:
594:
578:
565:
549:
533:
517:
504:
491:
478:
437:
375:
331:
315:
281:
265:
245:
36:
134:
123:
419:
787:
p15 - 2010 "Die Gründung des
Kirchenbundes wurde vorbereitet durch eine Vorkonferenz in Kassel 1919 und die Deutschen Evangelischen Kirchentage in Dresden 1919 und Stuttgart 1921."
925:
133:, or Eisenacher Konferenz) became a steady coordinating organisation, which more and more state churches joined. Its executive body was the German Evangelical Church Committee (
392:
105:, which were organised crossing state borders along denominational lines, there were 29 (later 28) church bodies organised according to the territorial borders of the
362:
17:
765:) and church region in the Weimar period was not necessarily exact, because regional churches mostly did not comply to territorial changes in the 19th century.
573:; ApU, EKapU), a church body united in administration comprising mostly Lutheran, some Reformed and united congregations with 18,000,000 parishioners in 1922
605:
900:
323:), a church body united in administration comprising mostly Reformed, some Lutheran and few united congregations with by 260,000 parishioners in 1922
705:
Synod of Rio Grande in Brazil (Riograndenser Synode/Sínodo Rio-Grandense; renamed as Igreja Evangélica de
Confissão Luterana no Brasil as of 1968)
348:
454:
429:), a church body united in administration comprising mostly Lutheran, some Reformed and United congregations with 848,000 parishioners in 1922
353:), a church body united in administration comprising Lutheran, some United and few Reformed congregations with by 220,000 parishioners in 1922
905:
468:
406:
167:
in 1921. The then 29 territorially defined German
Protestant church bodies formed Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchenbund following the model of
895:
560:
370:
774:
The government in effect collected church fees from those taxpayers enlisted as parishioners and distributed these funds to the churches.
589:
208:). After the end of the Nazi reign the surviving regional Protestant church bodies in Germany founded a new umbrella in August 1945, the
139:
920:
915:
411:), a church body united in administration comprising Lutheran, some Reformed and United congregations with 822,000 parishioners in 1922
663:
128:
660:), a church body united in administration comprising mostly Lutheran and few Reformed congregations with 65,000 parishioners in 1922
634:
528:
326:
910:
168:
424:
276:
930:
544:
236:
The following independent regional
Protestant church bodies were members in the German Evangelical Church Confederation:
113:. Those Protestant church bodies, covering the territory of former monarchies with a ruling Protestant dynasty, had been
106:
876:
846:
260:
122:
played the role of state church. Starting in 1852 the German Evangelical Church Conference (aka Eisenach Conference;
183:
came to power in 1933, in order to become the core of a future united Protestant church in Germany. However, when
871:, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1999, (=Eine Veröffentlichung des Comenius-Instituts Münster), p. 29.
841:, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1999, (=Eine Veröffentlichung des Comenius-Instituts Münster), p. 30.
224:), which was responsible for ongoing governance between the annual conventions of the Church General Assembly (
445:), a Reformed church body, however also comprising 4 Lutheran congregations with 143,000 parishioners in 1922
209:
310:
188:
82:
254:
240:
541:), a Lutheran church body, however, comprising 1 Reformed congregation with 291,000 parishioners in 1922
204:
which is why many former supporters of a united Protestant church then refused their collaboration (see
415:
302:
70:
194:
78:
525:), a church body united in administration comprising mostly United and few Lutheran congregations
486:). In 1926 the Upper Lusatian Lutheran church body merged in the Saxon Lutheran state church.
293:
119:
555:
Vereinigte protestantisch-evangelisch-christliche Kirche der Pfalz (Pfälzische Landeskirche)
228:). This assembly was composed of elected representatives of the various regional churches.
110:
676:), Lutheran, though not mentioned in the official name with 1,668,000 parishioners in 1922
8:
148:
545:
United Protestant Evangelical Christian Church of the Palatinate (Palatine State Church)
432:
872:
842:
205:
220:
The Confederation was governed and administered by a 36-member Executive Committee (
718:
709:
695:
74:
66:
40:
700:
Evangelische Kirche Augsburgischen and Helvetischen Bekenntnisses in Österreich
462:
Evangelical Lutheran State Church of the Oldenburgian Region of Lübeck (German:
889:
869:
Evangelische Schulpolitik in Deutschland 1918–1958: Dokumente und Darstellung
839:
Evangelische Schulpolitik in Deutschland 1918–1958: Dokumente und Darstellung
687:
Evangelical Church of Augsburg Confession and Helvetic Confession in Austria
464:
Evangelisch-Lutherische Landeskirche des oldenburgischen Landesteils Lübeck
180:
114:
57:
27:
Formal federation of 28 regional Protestant churches in the Weimar Republic
62:
102:
94:
52:
386:
Evangelical Reformed State Church of the Province of Hanover (German:
202:
only, the German Christians betrayed the universality of the baptism,
164:
98:
160:
743:
Brethren in adversity: Bishop George Bell, the Church of England
277:
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria right of the river Rhine
156:
590:
Evangelical Lutheran State Church of the Free State of Saxony
199:
867:
Sebastian Müller-Rolli in collaboration with Reiner Anselm,
837:
Sebastian Müller-Rolli in collaboration with Reiner Anselm,
658:
Vereinigte evangelische Landeskirche von Waldeck und Pyrmont
400:
Evangelical Church in Hesse (Cassel, within Prussia; German:
356:
Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Hamburgian State (German:
600:
Evangelisch-lutherische Landeskirche des Freistaats Sachsen
448:
Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Lübeckian State (German:
367:), a Lutheran church body with 914,000 parishioners in 1922
184:
785:
Handbuch der Deutschen Evangelischen Kirchen 1918 bis 1949
287:
Evangelisch-lutherische Kirche in Bayern rechts des Rheins
271:
Vereinigte Evangelisch-protestantische Landeskirche Badens
616:
Evangelisch-lutherische Landeskirche von Schaumburg-Lippe
557:), united by confession with 506,000 parishioners in 1922
388:
Evangelisch-reformierte Landeskirche der Provinz Hannover
273:), united by confession with 821,000 parishioners in 1922
650:
United Evangelical State Church of Waldeck and Pyrmont (
629:
Evangelisch-Lutherische Landeskirche Schleswig-Holsteins
539:
Evangelisch-lutherische Kirche des Landesteils Oldenburg
342:
Evangelical State Church of Frankfurt upon Main (German:
926:
Calvinist denominations established in the 20th century
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
497:
Evangelisch-lutherische Kirche von Mecklenburg-Schwerin
307:, united by confession with 40,000 parishioners in 1922
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
529:
Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Region of Oldenburg
358:
Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche im Hamburgischen Staate
337:
Braunschweigische evangelisch-lutherische Landeskirche
606:
Evangelical Lutheran State Church of Schaumburg-Lippe
489:
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (
450:
Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche im Lübeckischen Staate
93:
Besides the smaller Protestant denominations of the
73:
administration or confession. It existed during the
852:
790:
621:
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Schleswig-Holstein (
584:
Evangelisch-lutherische Kirche in Reuß ältere Linie
261:
United Evangelical Protestant State Church of Baden
576:Evangelical Lutheran Church in Reuss Elder Line (
887:
647:), Lutheran with 1,384,000 parishioners in 1922
631:), Lutheran with 1,361,000 parishioners in 1922
602:), Lutheran with 4,509,000 parishioners in 1922
383:), Lutheran with 2,414,000 parishioners in 1922
289:), Lutheran with 1,575,000 parishioners in 1925
257:by confession with 315,000 parishioners in 1922
414:Evangelical State Church in Hesse (Darmstadt;
381:Evangelisch-lutherische Landeskirche Hannovers
298:Evangelische Kirche des Landesteils Birkenfeld
512:), Lutheran with 101,000 parishioners in 1922
499:), Lutheran with 614,000 parishioners in 1922
459:), Lutheran with 111,000 parishioners in 1922
397:), Reformed with 157,000 parishioners in 1922
339:), Lutheran with 464,000 parishioners in 1922
618:), Lutheran with 44,000 parishioners in 1922
586:), Lutheran with 70,000 parishioners in 1922
571:Evangelische Kirche der altpreußischen Union
561:Evangelical Church of the old-Prussian Union
371:Evangelical Lutheran State Church of Hanover
901:Christian organizations established in 1922
344:Evangelische Landeskirche Frankfurt am Main
402:Evangelische Landeskirche in Hessen-Kassel
81:in 1933. It was a predecessor body to the
755:The correlation between political state (
169:Schweizerischer Evangelischer Kirchenbund
51:) was a formal federation of 28 regional
723:Evangelische Brüderunität in Deutschland
674:Evangelische Landeskirche in Württemberg
327:Evangelical Lutheran Church in Brunswick
135:Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchenausschuss
664:Evangelical State Church in Württemberg
179:The Confederation was reorganised when
18:German Evangelical Church Confederation
14:
888:
124:Deutsche Evangelische Kirchenkonferenz
32:German Protestant Church Confederation
680:
484:Lutherische Kirche in der Oberlausitz
906:Organizations disestablished in 1933
515:Evangelical State Church in Nassau (
896:History of Protestantism in Germany
523:Evangelische Landeskirche in Nassau
510:Mecklenburg-Strelitzer Landeskirche
502:Mecklenburg-Strelitz State Church (
420:Evangelische Landeskirche in Hessen
45:Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchenbund
24:
476:Lutheran Church in Upper Lusatia (
231:
25:
942:
921:History of Lutheranism in Germany
916:1933 disestablishments in Germany
251:Evangelische Landeskirche Anhalts
77:from 1922 until replaced by the
710:Unitas Fratrum (Moravian Church)
911:1922 establishments in Germany
777:
768:
749:
736:
187:-submissive proponents of the
13:
1:
729:
645:Thüringer evangelische Kirche
635:Thuringian Evangelical Church
321:Bremische Evangelische Kirche
215:
210:Evangelical Church in Germany
311:Evangelical Church of Bremen
83:Protestant Church in Germany
7:
931:United and uniting churches
708:Province of Germany of the
241:Protestant Church of Anhalt
10:
947:
292:Evangelical Church of the
88:
195:German Evangelical Church
171:established by the Swiss
79:German Evangelical Church
416:People's State of Hesse
762:
722:
699:
673:
657:
644:
628:
615:
599:
583:
570:
554:
538:
522:
509:
496:
483:
443:Lippische Landeskirche
442:
380:
336:
320:
286:
270:
250:
191:usurped that project,
44:
120:Roman Catholic Church
294:Region of Birkenfeld
149:Weimar Constitution
681:Associated members
433:Lippe State Church
111:Prussian provinces
783:Siegfried Hermle
253:), a church body
206:Confessing Church
189:German Christians
71:United Protestant
16:(Redirected from
938:
880:
865:
850:
835:
788:
781:
775:
772:
766:
760:
753:
747:
740:
717:
694:
671:
655:
642:
626:
613:
597:
581:
568:
552:
536:
520:
507:
494:
481:
472:
458:
440:
428:
410:
396:
378:
366:
352:
334:
318:
306:
284:
268:
248:
222:Kirchenausschuss
203:
143:
132:
39:
21:
946:
945:
941:
940:
939:
937:
936:
935:
886:
885:
884:
883:
866:
853:
836:
791:
782:
778:
773:
769:
756:
754:
750:
741:
737:
732:
713:
690:
683:
667:
651:
638:
622:
609:
593:
577:
564:
548:
532:
516:
503:
490:
477:
466:
452:
436:
422:
404:
390:
374:
360:
346:
330:
314:
300:
280:
264:
244:
234:
232:Member churches
218:
193:the new united
192:
137:
126:
91:
75:Weimar Republic
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
944:
934:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
882:
881:
851:
789:
776:
767:
748:
734:
733:
731:
728:
727:
726:
706:
703:
682:
679:
678:
677:
661:
648:
632:
619:
603:
587:
574:
558:
542:
526:
513:
500:
487:
474:
460:
446:
430:
412:
398:
384:
368:
354:
340:
324:
308:
290:
274:
258:
233:
230:
217:
214:
115:state churches
90:
87:
47:, abbreviated
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
943:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
891:
878:
877:3-525-61362-8
874:
870:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
848:
847:3-525-61362-8
844:
840:
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
786:
780:
771:
764:
759:
752:
744:
739:
735:
724:
720:
716:
711:
707:
704:
702:, as of 1926)
701:
697:
693:
688:
685:
684:
675:
670:
665:
662:
659:
654:
649:
646:
641:
636:
633:
630:
625:
620:
617:
612:
607:
604:
601:
596:
591:
588:
585:
580:
575:
572:
567:
562:
559:
556:
551:
546:
543:
540:
535:
530:
527:
524:
519:
514:
511:
506:
501:
498:
493:
488:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
461:
456:
451:
447:
444:
439:
434:
431:
426:
421:
417:
413:
408:
403:
399:
394:
389:
385:
382:
377:
372:
369:
364:
359:
355:
350:
345:
341:
338:
333:
328:
325:
322:
317:
312:
309:
304:
299:
295:
291:
288:
283:
278:
275:
272:
267:
262:
259:
256:
252:
247:
242:
239:
238:
237:
229:
227:
223:
213:
211:
207:
201:
196:
190:
186:
182:
177:
174:
173:Landeskirchen
170:
166:
162:
158:
152:
150:
145:
141:
136:
130:
125:
121:
116:
112:
108:
107:German states
104:
100:
96:
86:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
59:
58:Landeskirchen
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
33:
19:
868:
838:
784:
779:
770:
751:
742:
738:
235:
225:
221:
219:
181:Adolf Hitler
178:
172:
159:in 1919, in
153:
146:
144:; DEKA).
92:
56:
48:
31:
29:
473:), Lutheran
467: [
453: [
423: [
405: [
391: [
361: [
347: [
301: [
138: [
127: [
890:Categories
730:References
226:Kirchentag
216:Governance
147:Under the
103:Methodists
95:Mennonites
55:churches (
53:Protestant
758:‹See Tfd›
715:‹See Tfd›
692:‹See Tfd›
669:‹See Tfd›
653:‹See Tfd›
640:‹See Tfd›
624:‹See Tfd›
611:‹See Tfd›
595:‹See Tfd›
579:‹See Tfd›
566:‹See Tfd›
550:‹See Tfd›
534:‹See Tfd›
518:‹See Tfd›
505:‹See Tfd›
492:‹See Tfd›
479:‹See Tfd›
438:‹See Tfd›
418:; German:
376:‹See Tfd›
332:‹See Tfd›
316:‹See Tfd›
282:‹See Tfd›
266:‹See Tfd›
246:‹See Tfd›
165:Stuttgart
163:1919 and
37:‹See Tfd›
761:German:
672:German:
656:German:
643:German:
627:German:
614:German:
598:German:
582:German:
569:German:
553:German:
537:German:
521:German:
508:German:
495:German:
482:German:
441:German:
379:German:
335:German:
319:German:
296:(German:
285:German:
269:German:
249:German:
99:Baptists
67:Reformed
63:Lutheran
212:(EKD).
161:Dresden
109:or the
89:History
875:
845:
719:German
696:German
255:united
200:Aryans
157:Cassel
41:German
471:]
457:]
427:]
409:]
395:]
365:]
351:]
305:]
142:]
131:]
61:) of
873:ISBN
843:ISBN
763:Land
746:..."
185:Nazi
101:and
30:The
69:or
49:DEK
892::
854:^
792:^
721::
698::
469:de
455:de
425:de
407:de
393:de
363:de
349:de
303:de
140:de
129:de
97:,
85:.
65:,
43::
879:.
849:.
725:)
712:(
689:(
666:(
637:(
608:(
592:(
563:(
547:(
531:(
435:(
373:(
329:(
313:(
279:(
263:(
243:(
34:(
20:)
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