140:, there would be no state churches any longer, but the churches remained public corporations and retained their subsidies from government. The theological faculties in the universities continued, as did religious instruction in the schools, however, allowing the parents to opt out for their children. The rights formerly held by the monarchs in the German Empire simply devolved to church councils instead, and the high-ranking church administrators —who had been civil servants in the Empire —simply became church officials instead. Chairpersons elected by synods were introduced into the governing structures of the churches.
143:
After the system of state churches had ended with the abolition of the monarchies in the German states, the merger of the
Protestant church bodies within Germany became a viable option. A merger of the Protestant regional churches was permanently under discussion, but never materialised due to strong
165:
confessional compositions. This federal system allowed for a great deal of regional autonomy in the governance of German
Protestantism, as it allowed for a confederated church parliament that served as a forum for discussion and that endeavoured to resolve theological and organisational conflicts.
164:
in 1920. The German
Evangelical Church Conference was then dissolved. Save for the organisational matters under the jurisdiction of the Confederation, the regional churches remained independent in all other matters, including especially theology, since they comprised churches of different
734:
p7 George
Kennedy Allen Bell, Andrew Chandler - 1997 "In May 1922 a new German Evangelical Church Confederation, the Deutsche Evangelische Kirchenbund, was established with a Kirchentag, or assembly, of 210 representatives, a Kirchenbundesrat, or Church Confederation Council,
452:
675:
106:
until 1918, with the exception of the
Protestant church bodies in territories annexed by Prussia in 1866. Others had been no less territorially defined Protestant minority church bodies within Catholic monarchies, where before 1918 the
376:
438:
346:
186:
turned out to be a heretical, rather un-Protestant top-down hierarchical institution. Lacking any synodal and presbyterial democracy and with the new church's attitude to reserve baptism and thus church membership to so-called
286:
144:
regional self-confidence and traditions as well as the denominational fragmentation into
Lutheran, Calvinist and united churches. The German Evangelical Church Confederation was prepared for with conferences in
332:
390:
746:
703:
680:
657:
641:
628:
612:
599:
583:
567:
554:
538:
522:
506:
493:
480:
467:
426:
364:
320:
304:
270:
254:
234:
25:
123:
112:
408:
776:
p15 - 2010 "Die Gründung des
Kirchenbundes wurde vorbereitet durch eine Vorkonferenz in Kassel 1919 und die Deutschen Evangelischen Kirchentage in Dresden 1919 und Stuttgart 1921."
914:
122:, or Eisenacher Konferenz) became a steady coordinating organisation, which more and more state churches joined. Its executive body was the German Evangelical Church Committee (
381:
94:, which were organised crossing state borders along denominational lines, there were 29 (later 28) church bodies organised according to the territorial borders of the
351:
754:) and church region in the Weimar period was not necessarily exact, because regional churches mostly did not comply to territorial changes in the 19th century.
562:; ApU, EKapU), a church body united in administration comprising mostly Lutheran, some Reformed and united congregations with 18,000,000 parishioners in 1922
594:
889:
312:), a church body united in administration comprising mostly Reformed, some Lutheran and few united congregations with by 260,000 parishioners in 1922
694:
Synod of Rio Grande in Brazil (Riograndenser Synode/Sínodo Rio-Grandense; renamed as Igreja Evangélica de
Confissão Luterana no Brasil as of 1968)
337:
443:
418:), a church body united in administration comprising mostly Lutheran, some Reformed and United congregations with 848,000 parishioners in 1922
342:), a church body united in administration comprising Lutheran, some United and few Reformed congregations with by 220,000 parishioners in 1922
894:
457:
395:
156:
in 1921. The then 29 territorially defined German
Protestant church bodies formed Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchenbund following the model of
884:
549:
359:
763:
The government in effect collected church fees from those taxpayers enlisted as parishioners and distributed these funds to the churches.
578:
197:). After the end of the Nazi reign the surviving regional Protestant church bodies in Germany founded a new umbrella in August 1945, the
128:
909:
904:
400:), a church body united in administration comprising Lutheran, some Reformed and United congregations with 822,000 parishioners in 1922
652:
117:
649:), a church body united in administration comprising mostly Lutheran and few Reformed congregations with 65,000 parishioners in 1922
623:
517:
315:
899:
157:
413:
265:
919:
533:
225:
The following independent regional
Protestant church bodies were members in the German Evangelical Church Confederation:
102:. Those Protestant church bodies, covering the territory of former monarchies with a ruling Protestant dynasty, had been
95:
865:
835:
249:
111:
played the role of state church. Starting in 1852 the German Evangelical Church Conference (aka Eisenach Conference;
172:
came to power in 1933, in order to become the core of a future united Protestant church in Germany. However, when
860:, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1999, (=Eine Veröffentlichung des Comenius-Instituts Münster), p. 29.
830:, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1999, (=Eine Veröffentlichung des Comenius-Instituts Münster), p. 30.
213:), which was responsible for ongoing governance between the annual conventions of the Church General Assembly (
434:), a Reformed church body, however also comprising 4 Lutheran congregations with 143,000 parishioners in 1922
198:
299:
177:
71:
243:
229:
530:), a Lutheran church body, however, comprising 1 Reformed congregation with 291,000 parishioners in 1922
193:
which is why many former supporters of a united Protestant church then refused their collaboration (see
404:
291:
59:
183:
67:
514:), a church body united in administration comprising mostly United and few Lutheran congregations
475:). In 1926 the Upper Lusatian Lutheran church body merged in the Saxon Lutheran state church.
282:
108:
544:
Vereinigte protestantisch-evangelisch-christliche Kirche der Pfalz (Pfälzische Landeskirche)
217:). This assembly was composed of elected representatives of the various regional churches.
99:
665:), Lutheran, though not mentioned in the official name with 1,668,000 parishioners in 1922
8:
137:
534:
United Protestant Evangelical Christian Church of the Palatinate (Palatine State Church)
421:
861:
831:
194:
209:
The Confederation was governed and administered by a 36-member Executive Committee (
707:
698:
684:
63:
55:
29:
689:
Evangelische Kirche Augsburgischen and Helvetischen Bekenntnisses in Österreich
451:
Evangelical Lutheran State Church of the Oldenburgian Region of Lübeck (German:
878:
858:
Evangelische Schulpolitik in Deutschland 1918–1958: Dokumente und Darstellung
828:
Evangelische Schulpolitik in Deutschland 1918–1958: Dokumente und Darstellung
676:
Evangelical Church of Augsburg Confession and Helvetic Confession in Austria
453:
Evangelisch-Lutherische Landeskirche des oldenburgischen Landesteils Lübeck
169:
103:
46:
16:
Formal federation of 28 regional Protestant churches in the Weimar Republic
51:
91:
83:
41:
375:
Evangelical Reformed State Church of the Province of Hanover (German:
191:
only, the German Christians betrayed the universality of the baptism,
153:
87:
149:
732:
Brethren in adversity: Bishop George Bell, the Church of England
266:
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria right of the river Rhine
145:
579:
Evangelical Lutheran State Church of the Free State of Saxony
188:
856:
Sebastian Müller-Rolli in collaboration with Reiner Anselm,
826:
Sebastian Müller-Rolli in collaboration with Reiner Anselm,
647:
Vereinigte evangelische Landeskirche von Waldeck und Pyrmont
389:
Evangelical Church in Hesse (Cassel, within Prussia; German:
345:
Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Hamburgian State (German:
589:
Evangelisch-lutherische Landeskirche des Freistaats Sachsen
437:
Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Lübeckian State (German:
356:), a Lutheran church body with 914,000 parishioners in 1922
173:
774:
Handbuch der Deutschen Evangelischen Kirchen 1918 bis 1949
276:
Evangelisch-lutherische Kirche in Bayern rechts des Rheins
260:
Vereinigte Evangelisch-protestantische Landeskirche Badens
605:
Evangelisch-lutherische Landeskirche von Schaumburg-Lippe
546:), united by confession with 506,000 parishioners in 1922
377:
Evangelisch-reformierte Landeskirche der Provinz Hannover
262:), united by confession with 821,000 parishioners in 1922
639:
United Evangelical State Church of Waldeck and Pyrmont (
618:
Evangelisch-Lutherische Landeskirche Schleswig-Holsteins
528:
Evangelisch-lutherische Kirche des Landesteils Oldenburg
331:
Evangelical State Church of Frankfurt upon Main (German:
915:
Calvinist denominations established in the 20th century
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
486:
Evangelisch-lutherische Kirche von Mecklenburg-Schwerin
296:, united by confession with 40,000 parishioners in 1922
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
518:
Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Region of Oldenburg
347:
Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche im Hamburgischen Staate
326:
Braunschweigische evangelisch-lutherische Landeskirche
595:
Evangelical Lutheran State Church of Schaumburg-Lippe
478:
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (
439:
Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche im Lübeckischen Staate
82:
Besides the smaller Protestant denominations of the
62:
administration or confession. It existed during the
841:
779:
610:
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Schleswig-Holstein (
573:
Evangelisch-lutherische Kirche in Reuß ältere Linie
250:
United Evangelical Protestant State Church of Baden
565:Evangelical Lutheran Church in Reuss Elder Line (
876:
636:), Lutheran with 1,384,000 parishioners in 1922
620:), Lutheran with 1,361,000 parishioners in 1922
591:), Lutheran with 4,509,000 parishioners in 1922
372:), Lutheran with 2,414,000 parishioners in 1922
278:), Lutheran with 1,575,000 parishioners in 1925
246:by confession with 315,000 parishioners in 1922
403:Evangelical State Church in Hesse (Darmstadt;
370:Evangelisch-lutherische Landeskirche Hannovers
287:Evangelische Kirche des Landesteils Birkenfeld
501:), Lutheran with 101,000 parishioners in 1922
488:), Lutheran with 614,000 parishioners in 1922
448:), Lutheran with 111,000 parishioners in 1922
386:), Reformed with 157,000 parishioners in 1922
328:), Lutheran with 464,000 parishioners in 1922
607:), Lutheran with 44,000 parishioners in 1922
575:), Lutheran with 70,000 parishioners in 1922
560:Evangelische Kirche der altpreußischen Union
550:Evangelical Church of the old-Prussian Union
360:Evangelical Lutheran State Church of Hanover
890:Christian organizations established in 1922
333:Evangelische Landeskirche Frankfurt am Main
391:Evangelische Landeskirche in Hessen-Kassel
70:in 1933. It was a predecessor body to the
744:The correlation between political state (
158:Schweizerischer Evangelischer Kirchenbund
40:) was a formal federation of 28 regional
712:Evangelische Brüderunität in Deutschland
663:Evangelische Landeskirche in Württemberg
316:Evangelical Lutheran Church in Brunswick
124:Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchenausschuss
653:Evangelical State Church in Württemberg
168:The Confederation was reorganised when
877:
113:Deutsche Evangelische Kirchenkonferenz
21:German Protestant Church Confederation
669:
473:Lutherische Kirche in der Oberlausitz
895:Organizations disestablished in 1933
504:Evangelical State Church in Nassau (
885:History of Protestantism in Germany
512:Evangelische Landeskirche in Nassau
499:Mecklenburg-Strelitzer Landeskirche
491:Mecklenburg-Strelitz State Church (
409:Evangelische Landeskirche in Hessen
34:Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchenbund
13:
465:Lutheran Church in Upper Lusatia (
220:
14:
931:
910:History of Lutheranism in Germany
905:1933 disestablishments in Germany
240:Evangelische Landeskirche Anhalts
66:from 1922 until replaced by the
699:Unitas Fratrum (Moravian Church)
900:1922 establishments in Germany
766:
757:
738:
725:
176:-submissive proponents of the
1:
718:
634:Thüringer evangelische Kirche
624:Thuringian Evangelical Church
310:Bremische Evangelische Kirche
204:
199:Evangelical Church in Germany
300:Evangelical Church of Bremen
72:Protestant Church in Germany
7:
920:United and uniting churches
697:Province of Germany of the
230:Protestant Church of Anhalt
10:
936:
281:Evangelical Church of the
77:
184:German Evangelical Church
160:established by the Swiss
68:German Evangelical Church
405:People's State of Hesse
751:
711:
688:
662:
646:
633:
617:
604:
588:
572:
559:
543:
527:
511:
498:
485:
472:
432:Lippische Landeskirche
431:
369:
325:
309:
275:
259:
239:
180:usurped that project,
33:
109:Roman Catholic Church
283:Region of Birkenfeld
138:Weimar Constitution
670:Associated members
422:Lippe State Church
100:Prussian provinces
772:Siegfried Hermle
242:), a church body
195:Confessing Church
178:German Christians
60:United Protestant
927:
869:
854:
839:
824:
777:
770:
764:
761:
755:
749:
742:
736:
729:
706:
683:
660:
644:
631:
615:
602:
586:
570:
557:
541:
525:
509:
496:
483:
470:
461:
447:
429:
417:
399:
385:
367:
355:
341:
323:
307:
295:
273:
257:
237:
211:Kirchenausschuss
192:
132:
121:
28:
935:
934:
930:
929:
928:
926:
925:
924:
875:
874:
873:
872:
855:
842:
825:
780:
771:
767:
762:
758:
745:
743:
739:
730:
726:
721:
702:
679:
672:
656:
640:
627:
611:
598:
582:
566:
553:
537:
521:
505:
492:
479:
466:
455:
441:
425:
411:
393:
379:
363:
349:
335:
319:
303:
289:
269:
253:
233:
223:
221:Member churches
207:
182:the new united
181:
126:
115:
80:
64:Weimar Republic
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
933:
923:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
871:
870:
840:
778:
765:
756:
737:
723:
722:
720:
717:
716:
715:
695:
692:
671:
668:
667:
666:
650:
637:
621:
608:
592:
576:
563:
547:
531:
515:
502:
489:
476:
463:
449:
435:
419:
401:
387:
373:
357:
343:
329:
313:
297:
279:
263:
247:
222:
219:
206:
203:
104:state churches
79:
76:
36:, abbreviated
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
932:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
882:
880:
867:
866:3-525-61362-8
863:
859:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
837:
836:3-525-61362-8
833:
829:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
775:
769:
760:
753:
748:
741:
733:
728:
724:
713:
709:
705:
700:
696:
693:
691:, as of 1926)
690:
686:
682:
677:
674:
673:
664:
659:
654:
651:
648:
643:
638:
635:
630:
625:
622:
619:
614:
609:
606:
601:
596:
593:
590:
585:
580:
577:
574:
569:
564:
561:
556:
551:
548:
545:
540:
535:
532:
529:
524:
519:
516:
513:
508:
503:
500:
495:
490:
487:
482:
477:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
450:
445:
440:
436:
433:
428:
423:
420:
415:
410:
406:
402:
397:
392:
388:
383:
378:
374:
371:
366:
361:
358:
353:
348:
344:
339:
334:
330:
327:
322:
317:
314:
311:
306:
301:
298:
293:
288:
284:
280:
277:
272:
267:
264:
261:
256:
251:
248:
245:
241:
236:
231:
228:
227:
226:
218:
216:
212:
202:
200:
196:
190:
185:
179:
175:
171:
166:
163:
162:Landeskirchen
159:
155:
151:
147:
141:
139:
134:
130:
125:
119:
114:
110:
105:
101:
97:
96:German states
93:
89:
85:
75:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
48:
47:Landeskirchen
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
22:
857:
827:
773:
768:
759:
740:
731:
727:
224:
214:
210:
208:
170:Adolf Hitler
167:
161:
148:in 1919, in
142:
135:
133:; DEKA).
81:
45:
37:
20:
18:
462:), Lutheran
456: [
442: [
412: [
394: [
380: [
350: [
336: [
290: [
127: [
116: [
879:Categories
719:References
215:Kirchentag
205:Governance
136:Under the
92:Methodists
84:Mennonites
44:churches (
42:Protestant
747:‹See Tfd›
704:‹See Tfd›
681:‹See Tfd›
658:‹See Tfd›
642:‹See Tfd›
629:‹See Tfd›
613:‹See Tfd›
600:‹See Tfd›
584:‹See Tfd›
568:‹See Tfd›
555:‹See Tfd›
539:‹See Tfd›
523:‹See Tfd›
507:‹See Tfd›
494:‹See Tfd›
481:‹See Tfd›
468:‹See Tfd›
427:‹See Tfd›
407:; German:
365:‹See Tfd›
321:‹See Tfd›
305:‹See Tfd›
271:‹See Tfd›
255:‹See Tfd›
235:‹See Tfd›
154:Stuttgart
152:1919 and
26:‹See Tfd›
750:German:
661:German:
645:German:
632:German:
616:German:
603:German:
587:German:
571:German:
558:German:
542:German:
526:German:
510:German:
497:German:
484:German:
471:German:
430:German:
368:German:
324:German:
308:German:
285:(German:
274:German:
258:German:
238:German:
88:Baptists
56:Reformed
52:Lutheran
201:(EKD).
150:Dresden
98:or the
78:History
864:
834:
708:German
685:German
244:united
189:Aryans
146:Cassel
30:German
460:]
446:]
416:]
398:]
384:]
354:]
340:]
294:]
131:]
120:]
50:) of
862:ISBN
832:ISBN
752:Land
735:..."
174:Nazi
90:and
19:The
58:or
38:DEK
881::
843:^
781:^
710::
687::
458:de
444:de
414:de
396:de
382:de
352:de
338:de
292:de
129:de
118:de
86:,
74:.
54:,
32::
868:.
838:.
714:)
701:(
678:(
655:(
626:(
597:(
581:(
552:(
536:(
520:(
424:(
362:(
318:(
302:(
268:(
252:(
232:(
23:(
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